In computing, kill is a command that is used in several popular operating systems to send signals to running processes, for example to request the termination of this process.

Implementations[link]

Unix and Unix-like[link]

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, kill is a command used to send a signal to a process. By default, the message sent is the termination signal, which requests that the process exit. But kill is something of a misnomer; the signal sent may have nothing to do with process killing. The kill command is a wrapper around the kill() system call, which sends signals to processes or process groups on the system, referenced by their numeric process IDs (PIDs) or process group IDs (PGIDs). kill is always provided as a standalone utility as defined by the POSIX standard. However, most shells have built-in kill commands that may slightly differ from it.

There are many different signals that can be sent (see signal for a full list), although the signals in which users are generally most interested are SIGTERM and SIGKILL. The default signal sent is SIGTERM. Programs that handle this signal can do useful cleanup operations (such as saving configuration information to a file) before quitting. However, many programs do not implement a special handler for this signal, and so a default signal handler is called instead. Other times, even a process that has a special handler has gone awry in a way that prevents it from properly handling the signal.

All signals except for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can be "intercepted" by the process, meaning that a special function can be called when the program receives those signals. The two exceptions SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are only seen by the host system's kernel, providing reliable ways of controlling the execution of processes. SIGKILL kills the process, and SIGSTOP pauses it until a SIGCONT is received.

Unix provides security mechanisms to prevent unauthorized users from killing other processes. Essentially, for a process to send a signal to another, the owner of the signaling process must be the same as the owner of the receiving process or be the superuser.

The available signals all have different names, and are mapped to certain numbers. It is important to note that the specific mapping between numbers and signals can vary between Unix implementations. SIGTERM is often numbered 15 while SIGKILL is often numbered 9.

Examples[link]

A process can be sent a SIGTERM signal in four ways (the process ID is '1234' in this case):

<source lang="bash"> kill 1234 kill -s TERM 1234 kill -TERM 1234 kill -15 1234 </source>

The process can be sent a SIGKILL signal in three ways:

<source lang="bash"> kill -s KILL 1234 kill -KILL 1234 kill -9 1234 </source>

Other useful signals include HUP, TRAP, INT and ALRM. HUP sends the SIGHUP signal. Some daemons, including Apache and Sendmail, re-read configuration files upon receiving SIGHUP, so the kill command may be used for this too. A SIGINT signal can be generated very simply by pressing CTRL+C in most Unix shells. It is also common for CTRL+Z to be mapped to SIGTSTP, and for CTRL+\ (backslash) to be mapped to SIGQUIT, which can force a program to do a core dump.

Related programs[link]

• killall - on some variations of Unix, such as Solaris, this utility is automatically invoked when the system is going through a shutdown. It behaves much like the kill command above, but instead of sending a signal to an individual process, the signal is sent to all processes on the system. However, on others such as IRIX, Linux, and FreeBSD, an argument is supplied specifying the name of the process (or processes) to kill. For instance, to kill a process such as an instance of the XMMS music player invoked by xmms, the user would run the command killall xmms. This would kill all processes named xmms, and is equivalent to kill `pidof xmms` on systems like Solaris.
• pkill - signals processes based on name and other attributes. It was introduced in Solaris 7 and has since been reimplemented for Linux, NetBSD and OpenBSD. pkill makes killing processes based on their name much more convenient: e.g. to kill a process named firefox without pkill (and without pgrep), one would have to type kill `ps --no-headers -C firefox -o pid` whereas with pkill, one can simply type pkill firefox.
• xkill - if called without any parameters, the cursor changes, and the user can click on a window to force the X server to close the connection with the client owning the window. This often causes the process to terminate when it detects that its connection to the X server has been closed.

Microsoft Windows[link]

Microsoft's command-line interpreter Windows PowerShell, kill is a predefined command alias for the Stop-Process cmdlet.

Microsoft Windows XP, Vista and 7 include the command taskkill^[1] to terminate processes. The usual syntax for this command is taskkill /im "IMAGENAME" An "unsupported" version of kill was included in several releases of the Microsoft Windows Resource Kits available for Windows NT 3.x, NT 4.0, Windows 2000 and Microsoft Windows Server 2003, the most efficacious of these being Version 3.5 of Kill, Copyright (C) 1994 Microsoft Corp.

GNU versions of kill have been ported via Cygwin and run inside of the Unix environment subsystem that Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX^[2] provides (Microsoft acquired Windows Services for Unix wholesale via their purchase of Softway Systems and their Interix product on September 17, 1999).

Examples[link]

Find all processes beginning with the letter "p" that were developed by Microsoft and use more than 10 MB of memory and kill them:

<source lang="text"> PS C:\>ps p* | where { $_.Company -like "Microsoft*" -and $_.WorkingSet -gt 10MB } | kill -confirm

Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Stop-Process" on Target "powershell (6832)". [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): n PS C:\> </source>

Microsoft Singularity[link]

Singularity shell, the standard shell for Microsoft Research's microkernel operating system Singularity includes a kill command to terminate background processes.

Examples[link]

Stop the process with the name "SampleProcess":

<source lang="text"> Singularity>kill SampleProcess </source>

Stop the process with the process identifier "42":

<source lang="text"> Singularity>kill 42 </source>

Plan 9 from Bell Labs[link]

Under Plan 9 from Bell Labs, the kill program does not actually perform this termination, nor does it take process IDs. Rather, it takes the actual names of processes and outputs the commands for rc, the shell used by Plan 9, to kill the process.

A similar command provided is called slay, which does the same but for processes that refuse to be killed this way.

Examples[link]

For example, to kill all instances of troff, one types:

kill troff | rc

See also[link]

• Signal
• Xkill
• Killall
• Pkill
• signal.h

References[link]

External links[link]

• Command: kill(1): terminate a process – Linux User Commands Manual
• System call: kill(2): send signal to a process – Linux System Calls Manual

Look up kill in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Kill may refer to:

• Killing, to cause the death of a person, or the act of doing so.
  • The verb form may also be a general-use metaphor, synonymous with "to terminate" or "to finish"
• Kill, a civil parish in Dublin, Ireland
• Kill (body of water), a creek, a Dutch word also occurring in some United States place names
• Kill, County Kildare, a village and parish in the Republic of Ireland
• Kill, County Tyrone, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland
• Kill, County Waterford, a village and former parish in the Republic of Ireland

Computing[link]

• kill (command), a command in Unix, Unix-like and in certain Microsoft Windows computer operating system versions

Entertainment[link]

• KILL, 2009 album by Detroit rock band Electric Six
• Kill (album), an album by the death metal band Cannibal Corpse
• Kill! (斬る), a 1968 Japanese film directed by Kihachi Okamoto
• "The Kill", a song by the rock band 30 Seconds to Mars

Mathematics[link]

• Killing vector field, defined on Riemannian manifolds

Military[link]

• Catastrophic kill
• Firepower kill
• Mission kill, which may also be known as a "Functional Kill"
• Mobility kill

Sports[link]

• Baserunner kill, an outfield assist in baseball
• penalty kill, in ice hockey, preventing the opposing team from scoring when they have a player advantage

See also[link]

• All pages with titles containing "Kill"
• All pages beginning with "Kill"
• Killa
• Killing (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Look up command in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Command may refer to:

• Command (computing), a statement in a computer language
• COMMAND.COM, the default operating system shell and command-line interpreter for DOS
• Command (military formation), an organizational unit
• Command key, a modifier key on Apple Macintosh computer keyboards
• Command pattern, a software design pattern in which objects represent actions
• Command Records, a record label
• Command (album), a 2009 studio album by Client
• Command paper, a policy paper or report issued by, for or to the British government
• Command and control, the exercise of authority in a military organization
• Command, a sentence using the imperative mood
• Command (baseball), the ability of a pitcher to throw a pitch where he intends to
• Command (teaching style)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Boonaa Mohammed is a Muslim Canadian spoken word poet and writer of Oromo ancestry.

Background[link]

Boonaa Mohammed is a critically acclaimed award winning writer and performer with accolades including a playwright residency at Theatre Passe Muraille, a short story published in a Penguin Canada anthology called “Piece by Piece” and various slam poetry titles credits including winner of the 2007 CBC Poetry Face-Off “Best New Artist” award.

His popular Youtube videos have received over One Million views to date, and as an Artist he has toured and traveled across the world, speaking alongside some of the most influential scholars and entertainers of our time. He frequently conducts writing workshops and seminars, sharing his experience and expertise in Spoken Word story-telling with mainly youth from all walks of life. ^[1]

Education[link]

He graduated on the honour roll from Oakwood Collegiate Institute as class Valedictorian in 2005. He then went on to study at Ryerson University and graduated from the Radio and Television arts program.

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Performance at TEDx Toronto

This article about a poet from Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)

Suicide Commando
Johan van Roy
Background information
Origin	Belgium
Genres	Electro-Industrial Aggrotech
Years active	1986–present
Labels	OffBeat Records dependent Noise Terror Productions Metropolis Records
Associated acts	Kombat Unit
Website	www.suicidecomando.be
Members
Johan van Roy

Suicide Commando is a Belgian electro-industrial act created by Johan van Roy in 1986.^[1]

History[link]

Johan van Roy, Suicide Commando's only member, began experimenting with electronic music in 1986. Three years later he released his first tape under the moniker Suicide Commando, and made an appearance on the vinyl compilation, Electronic. As van Roy continued self-releasing tapes, he landed more compilation appearances on Rotation II and Induktion, Varianz und Deren Folgen, both released by Kugelblitz records.

1994 saw Suicide Commando's first CD, Critical Stage, released on the German label Off-Beat. Shortly after, in 1995, Suicide Commando released Stored Images, which contains to date one of van Roy's most popular songs^{[citation needed]}, See You in Hell.

1996 was the ten-year anniversary of Suicide Commando, and with it came the release of Contamination, as well as the limited boxed version, which contained a bonus 3" compact disc featuring previously unreleased material. Contamination was released a year later in North America by the now defunct Electronic Death Trip records.

In 1998, Suicide Commando released the album Construct-Destruct and its sister release, Reconstruction including the songs Desire and Better Off Dead, the former of which was picked up by Possessive Blindfold Records for distribution in North America with bonus tracks.

Van Roy was one of the founders of the dependent label in 1999. It was on this new label that Suicide Commando's next releases, two singles and one EP: Hellraiser, Comatose Delusion, and Love Breeds Suicide, accompanied Suicide Commando's 2000 release, Mindstrip, which reached the number one spot on the Deutsche Alternative Charts. Later the Mindstrip album was licensed and released in North America by Metropolis Records.

In 2002 Suicide Commando released the DCD Anthology on dependent, a "best of" compilation, including the songs "Hellraiser", "See You in Hell", "Love Breeds Suicide", and offered some exclusive new remixes and rare versions.

For Suicide Commando's next release, Axis of Evil, a special edition double single called Face of Death was released beforehand. The regular edition of the single continues to sell, and Axis of Evil was voted album of the year (2003) by the Deutsche Alternative Charts. In 2004 Suicide Commando released another limited edition double single, Cause of Death: Suicide + One Nation under God.

In 2006, Suicide Commando returned with the album Bind, Torture, Kill (also available as limited edition including a bonus disc, poster and sticker), featuring the single Godsend + Menschenfresser, released on Noise Terror Productions. The album once again reached the top position in several alternative charts across the world and got voted album of the month in the German Orkus magazine.

Released in 2007, one year after the band's 20th anniversary, the X20 boxset included 3 CDs (one remix CD, one best of CD and the Fuck You Bitch EP) and Suicide Commando's very first live DVD. The special remix CD and the best of album were later released as separate discs by Metropolis Records. At the end of 2007 Suicide Commando returned with the song Hate me, their first new material since the bind torture kill album, released on the noise terror volume 2 sampler on NTP/Dependent.

In 2009 SUICIDE COMMANDO signed a deal with Out Of Line label and Metropolis Records.

End of 2010 a 4th single "death cures all pain" was taken from the successful "implements of hell" album and was released on Out Of Line.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Critical Stage (1994)
• Stored Images (1995)
• Contamination (1996)
• Construct-Destruct (1998)
• Re-construction (1998)
• Chromdioxyde (1999)
• Mindstrip (2000)
• Anthology (2002)
• Axis of Evil (2003)
• Bind, Torture, Kill (2006)
• X20 (2007)
• Implements of Hell (2010)
• The Suicide Sessions (2011)

Singles/EPs[link]

• Comatose Delusion (2000)
• Hellraiser (2000)
• Love Breeds Suicide (2000)
• Face of Death (2003)
• Cause of Death: Suicide (2004)
• Cause of Death: Suicide / One Nation Under God (2004)
• Godsend / Menschenfresser (2005)
• Until We Die / Severed Head (2009)
• Die Motherfucker Die (2009)
• God Is In the Rain (2010)
• Death Cures All Pain (2010)

Tapes[link]

• Suicide Commando (demo) (1988)
• This Is Hate (1989)
• Industrial Rape I (1990)
• Crap (1990)
• Go to Hell (album)|Go to Hell (1990)
• Into the Grave (1991)
• Industrial Rape II (1991)
• Black Flowers (1992)
• Electro Convulsion Therapy (1993)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website