Li Dian
An illustration of Li Dian.
General of Cao Cao
Names
Simplified Chinese	李典
Traditional Chinese	李典
Pinyin	Lǐ Diǎn
Wade-Giles	Li Tien
Style name	Mancheng (曼成)
Posthumous name	Marquis Min (湣侯)

Li Dian was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He participated in the Battle of Guandu between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao. Li Dian also played a significant role in the defense of Hefei during the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford against the forces of Sun Quan.

According to Chen Shou's Records of Three Kingdoms, Li Dian was a keen and humble learner who respected the literati. He did not fight with others for merits, and placed official affairs before himself.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

A local of Juye, Li Dian's father Li Qian (李乾) had strong influence in the region. In the early 190s, Li Qian and his followers joined Cao Cao and participated in the warlord's subsequent campaigns against the Yellow Turban rebels, Yuan Shu, and Tao Qian.

During conflicts with Lü Bu in 194, Cao Cao bade Li Qian return to Chengshi (present day Heze, Shandong) to reaffirm local support. Lü Bu's subjects Xue Lan (薛兰) and Li Feng (李封) tried to persuade Li Qian to defect but were rejected. Hence they killed Li Qian. Cao Cao then gave command of Li Qian's former troops to Li Dian's older brother Li Zheng (李整), who was tasked with avenging Li Qian. After the forces of Xue Lan and Li Feng were quelled, Li Zheng was appointed Inspector of Qing Province (青州).

Performance in Cao Cao's northern campaign[link]

Following the death of Li Zheng, Li Dian took over command of his father's former troops, although he was rather uninterested in military affairs. Recognizing Li Dian's intellects, Cao Cao appointed him Administrator of Lihu (southeast of present-day Dongming, Shandong), primarily in charge of interior affairs.

In 200, Cao Cao confronted rival warlord Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu. Leading his clansmen and subjects, Li Dian took charge of supplying the frontline troops with food and clothings. After Yuan Shao was defeated, Cao Cao launched his northern campaigns against Yuan's heirs. Li Dian was again entrusted with logistics along with Cheng Yu. They struck out and eradicated an enemy force guarding the waterway to ensure the smooth delivery of military necessities.

In 205, Li Dian was sent to aid Xiahou Dun in the Battle of Bowang where he was to help defend against the attacks led by Liu Bei. Liu Bei burned his encampment and retreated abruptly, whereupon Xiahou Dun gave pursuit despite Li Dian's warnings. True enough, Xiahou Dun was ambushed by the enemy, who dispersed when Li Dian came to rescue with a relief force. In the same year, Li Dian and Yue Jin were also deployed to lay siege on Gao Gan at Hu Pass (壶关). Again Li Dian prevailed. He was then promoted to General who Destroys Barbarians (破虜將軍).

Battle of Xiaoyao Ford[link]

After Cao Cao lost the Battle of Jiangling in 208, he placed Zhang Liao, Yue Jin and Li Dian at Hefei with approximately 7,000 men to guard the strategic Hefei fortress against advances of the southern warlord Sun Quan. Sun Quan later led a much more massive force upon Hefei (Sun boosted he brought with him 100,000 men, but that number was a mere exaggeration). Under instructions from Cao Cao, Zhang Liao and Li Dian should lead troops to deter the enemy outside the city, while Yue Jin stayed inside the castle for defense. However, Zhang Liao feared that long-running uncordial relationships among the three might jeopardize their mission, Li Dian assured him that affairs of the state should be placed before oneself. Thus, they picked 800 cavalry with them and dashed out, successfully lowered the enemy's morale by killing two of Sun Quan's generals on the field.

After the army was infected with a plague, Sun Quan had to withdraw from the siege he laid upon Hefei castle, and to avoid being infected, Sun Quan stayed at the northern part of Xiaoyao Ford (逍遥津) with only 1,000 soldiers and generals, while waiting for the main army to board the ships in the southern part of the ford. Seizing the opportunity, Zhang Liao led several thousand cavalry to surprise attack Sun Quan, while Li Dian volunteered to break the bridge which connected the northern and southern part of the ford. Sun Quan was immediately surrounded by Zhang Liao's cavalry, but was recused by his general Ling Tong when the latter fought desperately and opened a route. Once Sun Quan was out of the thick of encirclement, Ling Tong turned back to hold the enemies, and urged Sun Quan to go for the bridge. However, Sun Quan was nearly captured when he found out the bridge connecting the southern part (where he could call forth reinforcement) was destroyed. Not knowing the identity of Sun Quan, Li Dian and Zhang Liao focused their attack on Ling Tong, and Sun Quan miraculously leaped over the broken bridge and fled to the southern side, where his main force was returning to save him. Afterwards, Li Dian and Zhang Liao asked a surrendered soldier about the identity of the "purple beard general" who was good at archery, the soldier replied them that was indeed Sun Quan, and the three generals greatly lamented on slipping away such an opportunity. When Cao Cao heard that Sun Quan was nearly captured, he could hardly believe the intelligence right away, and personally travelled east to take a look at the battlefield. Having observed on the field, Cao Cao lamented for some time and greatly praised the merits and bravery of the three; as a result of his performance, Li Dian was rewarded handsomely.

Death[link]

It was not stated when and how Li Dian died, though his age at death was specified to be around 45. When Cao Pi succeeded Cao Cao in 220, he gave Li Dian the posthumous title of Marquis Min (湣侯), literally meaning "sympathetic marquis", in reminiscence of his merits at the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford.^[1] One of his son was given the title of "Interior Marquis" (關内侯; lowest ranked marquis) and tax revenue of one hundred households.

Appointments and titles held[link]

• Prefect of Yingyin (潁陰令)
• General of the Household (中郎將)
• Administrator of Lihu (離狐太守)
• Major General (裨將軍)
• General Who Destroys Barbarians (破虜將軍)
• Marquis of Du (都亭侯)
• Marquis Min (湣侯) - granted to Li Dian posthumously

See also[link]

• List of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Chen Shou (2002). Records of Three Kingdoms, Chapter 18, Biography of Li Dian. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80665-198-5. 

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Aline Barros
Background information
Birth name	Aline Barros Kistenmacker dos Santos
Born	(1976-10-07)October 7, 1976 Rio de Janeiro, RJ,  Brazil
Genres	pop, dance, gospel
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1992 – now
Labels	AB Records (1995 - 2003) MK Music (2004 - now)
Associated acts	Trazendo a Arca, Fernandinho, PG
Website	Pagina oficial

Aline Barros Kistenmacker dos Santos (Rio de Janeiro, October 7, 1976), better known as Aline Barros is a gospel music singer, songwriter, presenter and manager in Brazil, winning 11 Trofeu Talento, five Latin Grammy, a Dove Awards and a Brazilian International Press Award. It is also evangelical pastor the Comunidade Evangélica Internacional da Zona Sul, the Flamengo neighborhood, the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro.

Aline Barros is a reference name and expression in the gospel segment. The gospel singer was the first in Brazil to win the Latin Grammy in 2004 and has been nominated for five consecutive times was also winning in 2006, 2007 and 2011. At age 35, Aline has 20 years of career with 23 albums, including four in Spanish, in Portuguese five for children and one in Spanish, seven career and some collections as well as eleven DVDs. Mixing pop, and rock & Prase and Worship, the singer attracts children, youth and adults with modern rhythms and Christian messages in context.

Her career has been characterized by pioneering spirit in the secular media. Aline has been invited to participate in major television shows (Carla Perez, Eliana, Faustão, Gilberto Barros, Hebe Camargo, Luciana Gimenez, Netinho de Paula, Raul Gil, Xuxa, Sem Censura, Ritmo Brasil, Manhã Maior, Show da Virada, Programa do Jô,...) as well as interviews from reputable newspapers, magazines and also the first major gospel singer to attend the event Criança Esperança, Rede Globo and SBT Teleton. Her ministry has extended throughout Central and North America, with awards and recognition. Aline was also the second gospel singer to have a song on a novel. The music CD again O Poder do Teu Amor was chosen as the theme of the primetime soap opera Duas Caras of Rede Globo in 2007. Today she is regarded by the mainstream media one of the greatest Brazilian singers, with approximately six million records sold.

In 2010 released an autobiographical book entitled Fé e Paixão and DVD Aline Barros Na Estrada to back shows his last tour and album released in 2011 Aline Extraordinário Amor de Deus, Latin Grammy nominated in 2012, a CD of original songs focused for adult audiences, produced by Ricardo Feghali Grupo Roupa Nova after three years touting the award-winning CD Live Caminho de Milagres. Future projects Aline Barros are CD / DVD Infant Aline Barros & Cia vol. 3rd and 4th album in Spanish. In February 2011, Aline has announced a new pregnancy, the baby was born on October 12, the same month as Aline's birthday.

Biography[link]

Daughter of Sandra Barros Barros and Ronaldo, both evangelical pastors, Aline with only 2 years old already showing interest in music. At nine years has accompanied his father and the Ministry of Praise Community of Vila da Penha, in the north of Rio de Janeiro. Soon the singer became part of the worship team, participating in some recordings, the first of which was "Thy Word," when he was 14, and the music was forty-five days on the hit parade of evangelical radio stations in the city. At 16 years, "Consecration" was nine months on the charts. At 18 she recorded her debut album.

In 1995, Aline Barros launched Unlimited, their debut album for the label Grape Vine, and produced by Ricardo Feghali Cleberson Horsth LP format. The album brought compositions of several singers in the segment known as Marquinhos Gomes and brought some innovations to the construction segment of time. and the same year, made participation in a disk Xuxa on the track "Believe to see" .

In January 1998, recorded his second CD, Voice of the Heart and in December 1998 launched an EP called Christmas carols. In October 1999, was distributed is good to be a child, the first album dedicated to children Aline. In July 2000, the collection hit stores Millennium, produced by Indie Records and distributed by Universal Music with songs from artist. And in December 2000, launched the book The Power of Your Love, which sold more than three hundred thousand copies and is considered by critics as the best album ever recorded by Aline.

In November 2001, launched a romantic collection, titled Eternal Love. In December of that year, launches Message of Peace, with the participation of Cid Moreira. In May 2002 a child is to be launched Good vol. 2.

In December 2002, Aline Barros recorded her first video album, Life in Jesus summer event, held every year at Praia da Costa, in Vila Velha, Espirito Santo to an audience of fifty thousand people. With 14 tracks, we selected the best songs from all their previous albums.

In 2003, the singer had her first son, Nicolas, and also had problems in their vocal cords. However managed to record fruit of Love, which won the Latin Grammy that year for Best Christian Music Album. Furthermore, sold more than three hundred thousand copies and was the last album of the singer in AB Records. On it is a participation of PG at the time lead singer of G3 in the song "I will sing this Love".

In 2004, Aline Barros signed a recording contract with MK Music and released his first career live album, Sound of Worship. The work produced by Roger Vieira and Kleber Lucas brought compositions Alda Celia, Emerson Pinheiro, Eyshila, among others. It was the best selling album of the singer, receiving a diamond certification from ABPD in 2007 and a Latin Grammy nomination. The following year, Aline made the recording on DVD disc in the Via Show, which is also a diamond. Between 2005 and 2008 released several albums, including Path of Miracles, Latin Grammy winner in his years.

On June 7, 2008, with an audience of ten thousand people Maracanãzinho recorded in the DVD with the songs of Path of Miracles, directed by Marina de Oliveira. The album was nominated for Talent Trophy 2009, but surprisingly lost to Live in the Maracanãzinho Bringing the Ark, recorded in the same location weeks earlier in the month of May. The following year, Aline Barros Aline Barros launched the DVD Road, which brought the scenes of his tour Path of Miracles and a little of his twenty year career.

After a long career recording their albums live, in January 2011 was released Extraordinary Love of God, recorded in studio. The book sold fifty thousand copies in one day, being considered an extraordinary event. Today, that number is greater than three hundred thousand copies, making it was the second disc with Aline to be certified by a diamond disk ABPD. The album featured several compositions of Jamba, and especially David Anderson Fernandes Freire, including "Arise I", chosen as the single from the album, nominated for Best Music Award at Promises in 2011.

Furthermore, in Aline had the same year his first daughter, named Mary Catherine, the disc Aline Barros & Cia vol. 3 and another win at the Grammy Latino. Despite the great promises of favoritism in Aline Trophy lost in the categories Best song with "I'm Human" Bruna Karla and Best CD for Diamond Damares, won only for Best Singer.

In 2012, with production and distribution of AB Records of Sony Music was recorded in the DVD Paulínia Aline Barros 20 Years. Directed by Bruno Murtinho recording brought guest appearances by Michael W. Smith, Tom Brooks and Abraham Laboriel. People from all over Brazil attended the event, which brought together about two thousand people.

External links[link]

• Official website