- published: 10 Jan 2011
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- author: Eric Maloney
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Adena culture
The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 1000 to 200 BC, in a time known as the early Woodland Period. The Adena culture refers to what were probably a number of related Native American societies sharing a burial complex and ceremonial system. The Adena lived in a variety of locations, including: Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, and parts of Pennsylvania and New York.
Adena sites are concentrated in a relatively small area - maybe 200 sites in the central Ohio Valley, with perhaps another 200 scattered throughout Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, although they may once have numbered in the thousands. The importance of the Adena complex comes from its considerable influence on other contemporary and succeeding cultures. The Adena culture is seen as the precursor to the traditions of the Hopewell culture, which are sometimes thought as an elaboration, or zenith, of Adena traditions.
The Adena were notable for their agricultural practices, pottery, artistic works and extensive trading network, which supplied them with a variety of raw materials, ranging from copper from the Great Lakes to shells from the Gulf Coast. The Adena culture was named for the large mound on Thomas Worthington's early 19th-century estate called "Adena", in Chillicothe, Ohio.
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Area code 304
North American telephone area code 304 was established October 1947 as one of the original area codes, and serves all of the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was overlaid with area code 681, effective March 28, 2009.
In 2007, news reports indicated that West Virginia would soon need a new area code.
On January 29, 2008, the West Virginia Public Service Commission voted 2-1 for a split of the existing 304 area code, with the one dissenting vote for an overlay. However, telecommunications providers were overwhelmingly in favor of an overlay, and were still able to ask the Commission to reconsider, or appeal to the West Virginia State Supreme Court, for an overlay instead of a split.
Over the following two weeks, numerous state and local government officials, and various business interests, voiced strong opposition to a split of 304, in favor of an overlay. Even Governor Joe Manchin voiced his support of an overlay. Several telecommunications providers then officially appealed to the Public Service Commission for an overlay, which was unanimously approved by all three commissioners on February 13, 2008. It was the first example of an entire state previously only served by a single code being overlaid.
wn.com/Area_code_304 -
Area code 681
North American telephone area code 304 was established October 1947 as one of the original area codes, and serves all of the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was overlaid with area code 681, effective March 28, 2009.
In 2007, news reports indicated that West Virginia would soon need a new area code.
On January 29, 2008, the West Virginia Public Service Commission voted 2-1 for a split of the existing 304 area code, with the one dissenting vote for an overlay. However, telecommunications providers were overwhelmingly in favor of an overlay, and were still able to ask the Commission to reconsider, or appeal to the West Virginia State Supreme Court, for an overlay instead of a split.
Over the following two weeks, numerous state and local government officials, and various business interests, voiced strong opposition to a split of 304, in favor of an overlay. Even Governor Joe Manchin voiced his support of an overlay. Several telecommunications providers then officially appealed to the Public Service Commission for an overlay, which was unanimously approved by all three commissioners on February 13, 2008. It was the first example of an entire state previously only served by a single code being overlaid.
wn.com/Area_code_681 -
Ashland, Kentucky
Ashland, formerly known as Poage Settlement, is a city in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States, nestled along the banks of the Ohio River. The population was 21,981 at the 2000 census. Ashland is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. Ashland is the second largest city within the MSA, after Huntington. Ashland serves as an important economic and medical center for northeast Kentucky.
Ashland dates back to the migration of the Poage family from the Shenandoah Valley via the famed Cumberland Gap in 1786. They settled upon a homestead along the Ohio River and named it Poage's Landing. It remained an extended-family settlement until the mid-19th century. In 1854, the city name was changed to Ashland, after Henry Clay's Lexington estate, and to reflect the city's growing industrial base.
The city's early industrial growth was a result of Ohio's pig iron industry. It was not until 1854, that growth began to occur with the charter of the Kentucky Iron, Coal and Manufacturing Company by the Kentucky General Assembly. Major industrial employers in the first half of the 20th century included Armco, Ashland Oil and Refining Company, C&O Railroad, Allied Chemical and Dye Company's Semet Solvay and Mansbach Steel.
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Athalia, Ohio
Athalia is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 328 at the 2000 census.
Athalia is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Athalia is located at 38°30′46″N 82°18′25″W / 38.512830°N 82.306979°W / 38.512830; -82.306979.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 139 households, and 94 families residing in the village. The population density was 476.7 people per square mile (183.5/km2). There were 158 housing units at an average density of 229.6 per square mile (88.4/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.17% White, 0.61% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.30% Asian, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population.
There were 139 households out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.81.
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Bellefonte, Kentucky
Bellefonte is a residential city in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 837 at the 2000 census. Bellefonte is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Locally, Bellefonte is known for its upscale neighborhoods and the private Bellefonte Country Club, which has a championship level 18 hole golf course and formal ballroom.
Bellefonte was first incorporated on July 3, 1951, beginning with only 275 residents and developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a suburb of Ashland. It has long been known as the home of many of Ashland's business and professional elite. The exclusive nature of the city is evident by its demographic make up. Within the corporate limits, there are virtually no residents under the poverty line.
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Burlington, Ohio
Burlington is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,794 at the 2000 census. Burlington is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. The community is situated between the villages of South Point and Chesapeake. Its other neighbor is Huntington, West Virginia, which lies across the Ohio River; it is connected via the West Huntington Bridge. Burlington was once the leading community of Lawrence County, being the first county seat and the location of the county's first post office.
Beginning in 1817, Burlington was the first and previous county seat of Lawrence County, and its post office the only one in the county until 1821.
Burlington was named after Burlington, Vermont.
The Burlington 37 Cemetery, the Johnston, William C., House And General Store, and the Old Lawrence County Jail, all located in Burlington, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as is the nearby Macedonia Church.
wn.com/Burlington,_Ohio -
Catlettsburg, KY
Catlettsburg is a city in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States and is the county seat of Boyd County. The city population was 1,960 at the 2000 census. The city's postal ZIP code serves a greater population of 10,029, which is a better reflection of the community's size. Catlettsburg is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. Since the early 1990s, the commercial sector has grown due to its proximity to Interstate 64 and its location along U.S. Route 23 and 60, both major regional arteries which overlap in Catlettsburg and travel into the city of Ashland to the north. Many commercial developments have developed on the south side along these routes. Randall Peterman is the current mayor. Peterman, a city councilman who was appointed mayor in September 2011 to succeed the resigning Pauline S. Hunt, will serve until a special election can be called.
wn.com/Catlettsburg,_KY -
Chesapeake, Ohio
Chesapeake is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States. The population was listed as 842 in the 2000 census. It lies across the Ohio River from Huntington, West Virginia, at the mouth of Symmes Creek.
A bridge across the Ohio River connects Chesapeake to Huntington's downtown area. At one time, this was the only bridge connection across the Ohio River linking Ohio to Huntington. In recent years, bridges across the Ohio River connecting Ohio to Huntington's East and West sides have been built.
Chesapeake is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Chesapeake is located at 38°25′41″N 82°27′17″W / 38.42806°N 82.45472°W / 38.42806; -82.45472 (38.428066, -82.454832).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) of which 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (5.17%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 842 people, 395 households, and 231 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,523.7 people per square mile (591.1/km²). There were 441 housing units at an average density of 798.0 per square mile (309.6/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.74% White, 0.12% African American, 0.59% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.48% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population.
wn.com/Chesapeake,_Ohio -
Cincinnati
Cincinnati (pronounced /sɪnsɨˈnæti/) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Settled in 1788, the city is located north of the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border, near Indiana. The population within city limits was 296,943 according to the 2010 census, making it Ohio's third-largest city. According to the 2011 Census Bureau estimate, the Cincinnati metropolitan area had a population of 2,138,038, the 27th most populous Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States, and the most populous in Ohio. Residents of Cincinnati are called Cincinnatians.
In the early 19th century, Cincinnati was the first American boomtown in the heart of the country to rival the larger coastal cities in size and wealth. As the first major inland city in the country, it is sometimes thought of as the first purely American city. It developed initially without as much recent European immigration or influence as took place in eastern cities. However, by the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads, Cincinnati's growth had slowed considerably and the city became surpassed in population and prominence by another inland city, Chicago.
wn.com/Cincinnati -
Coal Grove, Ohio
Coal Grove is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 2,027 at the 2000 census. The 2006 Census estimate reports a population increase to 2,087 residents [1]. It borders the city of Ironton and lies across the Ohio River from Ashland, Kentucky. It is linked to Ashland by the Ben Williamson Memorial Bridge and Simeon Willis Memorial Bridge.
Coal Grove is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Coal Grove is located at 38°30′1″N 82°38′45″W / 38.50028°N 82.64583°W / 38.50028; -82.64583 (38.500240, -82.645926).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), of which, 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (7.94%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,027 people, 810 households, and 562 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,028.1 people per square mile (397.3/km²). There were 877 housing units at an average density of 444.8 per square mile (171.9/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.77% White, 0.10% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.05% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.
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Crum, West Virginia
Crum is an unincorporated census-designated place in southern Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 182. It is the home to Crum Elementary School and Crum Middle School. It is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Crum is the home of Silver Creek United Baptist Church (the second oldest church in West Virginia)[citation needed], Crum Separate Baptist Church, Crum Church of Christ, and Crum Missionary Baptist Church. Many other small churches are located in nearby hollows and roads.
U.S. Route 52 runs directly through Crum, as does the Norfolk Southern Railway's Kenova District. The town is bordered on the west by the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River (also known locally as the Tug River). This river is part of the boundary between West Virginia and Kentucky. A mile section of the future King Coal Highway is built just east of Crum, with access from Silver Creek Rd.
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Cumberland Mountains
The Cumberland Mountains are a mountain range in the southeastern section of the Appalachian Mountains. They are located in southern West Virginia, western Virginia, eastern edges of Kentucky, and eastern middle Tennessee, including the Crab Orchard Mountains. Their highest peak, with an elevation of 4,145 feet (1,263 m) above mean sea level, is Black Mountain, which is located near Lynch in Harlan County, Kentucky.
According to the USGS, the Cumberland Mountain range is 131 miles (211 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) wide, bounded by the Russell Fork on the northeast, the Pound River and Powell River on the southeast, Cove Creek on the southwest, and Tackett Creek, the Cumberland River, Poor Fork Cumberland River, and Elkhorn Creek on the northwest. The crest of the range forms the Kentucky and Virginia boundary from the Tennessee border to Russell Fork River.
Variant names of the Cumberland Mountains include Cumberland Mountain, Cumberland Range, Ouasioto Mountains, Ouasiota Mountains, Laurel Mountain, and Pine Mountain. They are named for Prince William, Duke of Cumberland.
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Flatwoods, Kentucky
Flatwoods is a suburban city of the larger and nearby Ashland, Kentucky, although located in a different county as Ashland, in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 10,983 at the 2010 census. Bobby Crager is the city's mayor. Flatwoods is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Locally, Flatwoods is considered to be a "bedroom community", as it has no large employer within the city. Many residents work for CSX Transportation, AK Steel, Marathon Oil, King's Daughters Medical Center, or Our Lady of Bellefonte Hospital. There are five institutions of higher education located within 30–40 minutes of Flatwoods. The Ohio University Southern Campus, Marshall University, Kentucky Christian University, Ashland Community and Technical College and, Shawnee State University.
The area now known as the City of Flatwoods was originally named Advance; Advance Methodist Church formed a Sunday school beginning in 1860. The name was later changed to Cheap, after John Cheap, a blind Methodist minister. The original farming community returned to the name of Advance when a post office was established in 1918. In 1938, the post office was renamed Flatwoods, and the town was incorporated in 1938 under that name. Flatwoods is named for the area's unique topography, a belt of flat wooded land in the ancient Teays River Valley, on an elevation of approximately 650 feet or higher, just south of the Ohio River Valley. The availability of flat level land and low tax rates made Flatwoods a local "hot spot" of new construction in the 1950s and 60's, when many upper middle class tract housing developments were built and quickly inhabited. A main contributor to Flatwoods' growth was the fact that nearby Ashland had developed much of its available land prior to 1960, with little new construction possible within its corporation limits.
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Greenup, Kentucky
Greenup is a city in Greenup County, Kentucky, at the confluence of the Ohio and Little Sandy Rivers. The population was 1,198 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Greenup County. Greenup is named in honor of Christopher Greenup.
Greenup is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Greenup was initially planned in 1803 by Robert Johnson, a pioneer and legislator who owned the land. It was incorporated February 4, 1818, as Greenupsburg, named after Kentucky's third governor, Christopher Greenup. The name was shortened to Greenup in March 1872 to avoid confusion with Greensburg, Kentucky. Its post office was established on July 1, 1811, with Joshua Barlett as postmaster.
Greenup is located at 38°34′25″N 82°50′1″W / 38.57361°N 82.83361°W / 38.57361; -82.83361 (38.573503, -82.833549).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), of which, 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2) of it (34.17%) is water.
wn.com/Greenup,_Kentucky -
Guyandotte River
The Guyandotte River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 166 mi (267 km) long, in southwestern West Virginia in the United States. It was named after the French term for the Wendat Native Americans. It drains an area of the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau south of the Ohio between the watersheds of the Kanawha River to the northeast and Twelvepole Creek and the Big Sandy River to the southwest. Via the Ohio River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
The Guyandotte River is formed in southwestern Raleigh County by the confluence of three streams, Winding Gulf, Stonecoal Creek, and the Devils Fork. and flows initially west-northwestwardly into Wyoming and Mingo counties. It turns briefly northward in Mingo County and enters Logan County, where it turns north-northwestwardly for the remainder of its highly meandering course through Logan, Lincoln and Cabell counties. It enters the Ohio River from the south at Huntington, about 5 mi (8 km) east of the city's downtown.
A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam in Mingo County causes the river to widen as R.D. Bailey Lake in Mingo and western Wyoming Counties.
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Hanging Rock, Ohio
Hanging Rock is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 279 at the 2000 census. It is regularly labeled a speed trap as the state auditor reported $109,186 in mayor's court receipts in 2000 compared with $3,106 in property taxes.
Hanging Rock is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); it had a population of 288,649 at the 2000 census.
Hanging Rock is located at 38°33′32″N 82°43′34″W / 38.55889°N 82.72611°W / 38.55889; -82.72611 (38.559021, -82.726070).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2), of which, 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (8.82%) is water.
The Hanging Rock Recreational Area and the Hanging Rock Ponds are located near the village.
As of the census of 2000, there were 279 people, 109 households, and 75 families residing in the village. The population density was 449.8 people per square mile (173.7/km²). There were 117 housing units at an average density of 188.6 per square mile (72.9/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 99.64% White, and 0.36% from two or more races.
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Ironton, Ohio
Ironton is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Lawrence County. The municipality is located in southern Ohio along the Ohio River. The population was 11,211 at the 2000 census. Ironton is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. As of 2010, the Census Bureau pegged the population of 11,129.
Ironton was founded in 1849 by John Campbell, who was a prominent pig iron manufacturer in the area. Interested in expanding his foundry business, and due to the area's rich iron-ore content (particularly in the hills to the north), he became interested in the lands surrounding what would later become the city of Ironton[citation needed]. The location of Ironton was chosen for its position along the Ohio River, which would allow for transport of the much-needed commodity, iron-ore, and the slope of the land itself, which facilitated movement of the raw material to the local blast furnaces.
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Ona, West Virginia
Ona is a small unincorporated community along US 60 (the old Midland Trail) in Cabell County, West Virginia. It is situated roughly half-way between the towns of Barboursville to the west and Milton to the east.
Ona is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Ona is home to three notable places. The first is Cabell Midland High School, which is the consolidated regional secondary school for students living in the eastern half of Cabell County. This is a rather large high school of modern construction, with extensive athletic facilities. The student population varies from 1,500 to 2,000 students.
A second landmark is the Ona Racetrack. This is a prime location for local stock-car racing competitions. The track has had its share of financial difficulties and has been closed several times in recent years. The last time NASCAR held a Cup level race on a Tuesday was Aug. 11, 1970, when Richard Petty won the West Virginia 300 in Ona.
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Portsmouth, Ohio
Portsmouth is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Scioto County. The municipality is located on the northern banks of the Ohio River and east of the Scioto River in Southern Ohio. The population was 20,226 at the 2010 census.
Portsmouth's roots began in the 1790s when the small town of Alexandria was founded just west of where Portsmouth is today. Alexandria was flooded numerous times by the Ohio River and the Scioto River. In 1803, Henry Massie spotted a place to move the town away from the flood plains. He began to plot the new city by distributing the land and mapping the streets. Portsmouth was founded in 1803 and was established as a city in 1815. Alexandria soon disappeared. Portsmouth quickly grew around an industrial base with the completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal, and the construction of the N&W railyards and the B&O junction. This greatly benefited Boneyfiddle (which is a west-end neighborhood in Portsmouth), where grand buildings were constructed with the wealth from the commerce. As time passed, much of the commerce began to move towards Chillicothe Street, which is still today the main thoroughfare of Portsmouth. While Boneyfiddle is receiving new life, it is a shadow of its former self. Another notable part of Portsmouth's history in the 19th century was its importance on the Underground Railroad. It was located on a route that continued north to Detroit and into Canada.
wn.com/Portsmouth,_Ohio -
Proctorville, Ohio
Proctorville is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 620 at the 2000 census. The East End Bridge connects Proctorville to Huntington, West Virginia across the Ohio River.
Proctorville is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
The land where Proctorville is now situated was originally settled in 1797 and called Quaker Bottom. Situated on the Ohio River, Quaker Bottom grew throughout the 1800s as a trading center. In 1834, Jacob Proctor established a general store next to the wharf, and river boat captains knew the village as "Proctor's Landing". When the village was incorporated in 1878, the name was changed to Proctorville in Jacob's honor.
The Rome Beauty apple was developed by Joel Gillette and his son Alanson in Rome Township, near Proctorville, in 1816.
The village was decimated by a fire on April 7, 1900, and most of the destroyed businesses were never rebuilt. Major flooding in 1913 and 1937 further damaged the village.
wn.com/Proctorville,_Ohio -
Raceland, Kentucky
Raceland is a city in Greenup County, Kentucky, in the Ohio River valley. The population was 2,355 at the 2000 census.
Raceland is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Raceland is home to the Raceland Car Shop. When it was built in the 1920s, it was one of the largest railway car repair shops in the United States. The shop was completed in two years. It is located adjacent to CSX's Russell Yard, which operated under C&O, then CSX, and currently under Progress Rail Services.
The city of Raceland and the land surrounding it were part of a 5,000-acre (20 km2) Revolutionary War grant to Abraham Buford. His son, Charles Buford, divided up the land and sold it in tracts. Eventually, one of the tracts was inherited to Benjamen Chinn, who sold his tract in town lots. He gave the town the name Chinnville. Its first post office was established on March 7, 1910. It was became an incorporated city five years later on July 31, 1915.
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Richmond, Virginia
Richmond (
/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. It is an independent city and not part of any county. Richmond is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond area. The population within the city limits was 204,214 in 2010, with an estimated population of 1,258,251 for the Richmond Metropolitan Area — making it the third largest in Virginia.
Geographically, Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 108 miles (174 km) south of Washington DC, 71 miles (114 km) east of Charlottesville, and 54 miles (87 km) west of Williamsburg. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.
The site of Richmond, at the fall line of the James River, had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood.
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Russell, Kentucky
Russell is a city in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,645 at the 2000 census. Russell is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649. Russell has close economic affiliations with its neighbors, Ashland, Flatwoods, and Ironton, Ohio. Part of the city is located within one of Ashland's postal ZIP codes.
Russell is located at 38°31′5″N 82°41′52″W / 38.51806°N 82.69778°W / 38.51806; -82.69778 (38.518176, -82.697680).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10 km2), all land.
Its unique, hilly topography was first noted in 1823 by its founder, Jeff Moore, who decided that the site would serve as an excellent strategic position against attacks by local Native American tribes.
Russell is located within the Russell Independent School District, which it shares with its neighbors, Flatwoods and Bellefonte. The main campus, which includes Russell High School, Russell Middle School, Russell Primary School and the Russell Area Technology Center, sit on the Russell/Flatwoods city line (all of the school's mailing addresses are Russell, but they receive primary police and fire protection from Flatwoods). In addition, the district's central office is located in downtown Russell. The Russell High School football field also is home to a fire breathing Red Devil, the school's mascot, named Rudy. Rudy sits atop the scoreboard. Russell High School was the 2005 Kentucky State 2A football Champion.
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South Point, Ohio
South Point is a village in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,742 at the 2000 census.
South Point is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
The village mayor is Ron West. Formerly the president of the village council, West became mayor upon the death of Bob Armstrong, the previous mayor.
South Point is located at 38°25′9″N 82°34′50″W / 38.41917°N 82.58056°W / 38.41917; -82.58056 (38.419289, -82.580579). The village lies at the junction point of the three states of Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Not far from the village lies the southernmost point in the State of Ohio, along the Ohio River less than one mile east of the village's southeast corner.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,742 people, 1,485 households, and 1,131 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,547.0 people per square mile (597.0/km²). There were 1,564 housing units at an average density of 646.6 per square mile (249.5/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 95.91% White, 2.27% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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Wayne, West Virginia
Wayne is a town in Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 1,105 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wayne County. Wayne is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
Wayne was established in 1842, by the same act of the Virginia General Assembly that created Wayne County. The county was named for General "Mad Anthony" Wayne. The town was initially known by the name "Trout's Hill," after Abraham Trout, who donated the land upon which the county's courthouse was built. The Wayne Courthouse Post Office was established in 1842 also. The town was known simultaneously as Trout's Hill and Wayne Courthouse for many years. The town was incorporated in 1882 as Fairview, but was still commonly known as Wayne Courthouse. The population in 1882 was 157. In 1891, the Norfolk & Western Railroad was constructed up Twelve Pole Creek. The railroad placed the name "Wayne" on its schedule and the name caught on. The name was officially changed to Wayne in 1911.
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WBVB
WBVB (97.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an oldies radio format. Licensed to Coal Grove, Ohio, USA, the station serves the Huntington-Ashland area. The station is currently owned by Clear Channel Communications.
The station was assigned call sign WZTX on August 18, 1988. On November 29, 1989, the station changed its call sign to WXVK then again on December 19, 1994, to the current WBVB.
On February 14, 2012 WBVB relaunched as "Oldies 97.1".
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West Virginia
West Virginia (
i/ˌwɛst vərˈdʒɪnjə/) is a state in the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east. West Virginia is the 41st most extensive and the 37th most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions and broke away from Virginia during the American Civil War. The new state was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key Civil War border state. West Virginia was the only state to form by seceding from a Confederate state, and was one of two states formed during the American Civil War (the other one being Nevada, which separated from Utah Territory).
The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the South. The northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio, with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, while Bluefield is less than 70 miles (110 km) from North Carolina. Huntington in the southwest is close to the states of Ohio and Kentucky, while Martinsburg and Harpers Ferry in the Eastern Panhandle region are considered to be a part of the Washington metropolitan area, in between the states of Maryland and Virginia. The unique position of West Virginia means that it is often included in several geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. Notably, it is the only state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission; the area is commonly defined as "Appalachia".
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Wurtland, Kentucky
Wurtland is a city in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,049 at the 2000 census. Wurtland is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 288,649.
The northern terminus of the Industrial Parkway (Kentucky Route 67) ends at U.S. Route 23 at Wurtland. This highway serves to connect Wurtland and the surrounding towns of Greenup and Flatwoods to the EastPark industrial park and Interstate 64.
The Wurtland vicinity was first settled Alexander Fulton and his family circa. 1830. The Fultons then established the Fulton's Forge Works and the community became known as Fulton's Forge. Previously in 1823, William Shreve and his family had built a steam furnace nearby and they named their settlement (the) Old Steam Furnace. Because neither of the settlements had an acceptable name for a post office, the post office was named Oil Works after a local factory that made kerosene. Although the Oil Works post office was established on January 14, 1864, it was closed six years later in 1871. On February 28, 1876 the post office was reestablished as Wurtland, named after George and Samuel Grandin Wurts who had founded the nearby Pennsylvania and Laurel Furnaces in 1848.
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Albert G. Jenkins
Albert Gallatin Jenkins (November 10, 1830 – May 21, 1864) was an attorney, planter, representative to the United States Congress and First Confederate Congress, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. The commander of a brigade of cavalry from what became West Virginia, he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain near Dublin, Virginia.
Jenkins was born to wealthy plantation owner Capt. William Jenkins and his wife Jeanette Grigsby McNutt in Cabell County, Virginia, now West Virginia. At the age of fifteen, he attended Marshall Academy. He graduated from Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1848 and from Harvard Law School in 1850. Jenkins was admitted to the bar that same year and established a practice in Charleston, before inheriting a portion of his father's sprawling plantation in 1859. He was named a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Cincinnati in 1856, and was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth United States Congresses.
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Ben Bowen
Benjamin David "Ben" Bowen (November 14 2002 – February 25 2005), commonly called Big Ben Bowen, was a boy from Huntington, West Virginia, who was diagnosed with an aggressive brain tumour in 2004. His family has used his story to raise awareness of childhood cancer and to raise almost $4,000,000 for St. Jude Children's Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.
Ben Bowen was born to Tom and Jennifer Bowen on November 14, 2002. Ben had a normal infancy until age 16 months, when he was diagnosed with a golf-ball–sized tumor in the middle of his brain. Ben Bowen went to Cincinnati Children's Hospital for emergency brain surgery. The tumor proved to be a very aggressive, rare, and fast-growing atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). The Bowens transferred to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in March 2004.
Ben's initial treatments included four brain surgeries and chemotherapy; he was too young for radiation therapy. During this treatment period, Ben Bowen picked up the nickname "Big Ben" because of his "big" demeanor, bravery and smile. The tumor reoccurred by November 2004, and no known medicines or treatments were left to help him.
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Brad Dourif
Bradford Claude "Brad" Dourif (pronounced /ˈdɔrɨf/; born March 18, 1950) is an American film and television actor who gained early fame for his portrayal of Billy Bibbit in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and has since appeared in a number of memorable roles, including the voice of Chucky in the Child's Play franchise, Deputy Clinton Pell in Mississippi Burning, Younger Brother in Ragtime, the mentat Piter De Vries in David Lynch's Dune, Gríma Wormtongue in The Lord of the Rings, the homicidal Betazoid Lon Suder in the TV series Star Trek: Voyager, serial killer Charles Dexter/Brother Edward in the TV series Babylon 5, and Doc Cochran in the HBO television series Deadwood. Dourif has also worked with renowned film director Werner Herzog on many occasions, appearing in Scream of Stone, The Wild Blue Yonder, Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans and My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?
Dourif was born in Huntington, West Virginia, the son of Joan Felton (née Bradford), an actress, and Jean Henri Dourif, an art collector who owned and operated a dye factory. His paternal grandparents immigrated from France, and his paternal grandfather co-founded the Standard Ultramarine and Color Company in Huntington. After Dourif's father died in 1953, his mother remarried champion golfer William C. Campbell, who helped raise Dourif and his five siblings (four sisters and one brother). From 1963 to 1965, Dourif attended the private Aiken Preparatory School in Aiken, South Carolina. There he pursued his interests in art and acting. Although he briefly considered becoming an artist, he was eventually inspired to become an actor by his mother's participation as an actress in a community theater. After Aiken Prep, he attended another private school, Fountain Valley School in Colorado Springs, Colorado, graduating in 1969. He attended Marshall University for a time, before quitting college and moving to New York City to study acting, on the advice of actress Conchata Ferrell.
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Carter G. Woodson
Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875 – April 3, 1950) was an African-American historian, author, journalist and the founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. Woodson was one of the first scholars to study African American history. A founder of Journal of Negro History (now titled The Journal of African-American History), Dr. Woodson has been cited as the father of black history.
Carter G. Woodson was born December 19, 1875, the son of former enslaved Africans, James and Eliza Riddle Woodson. His father helped Union soldiers during the Civil War, and he moved his family to West Virginia when he heard that Huntington was building a high school for blacks. Coming from a large, poor family, Carter Woodson could not regularly attend school. Through self-instruction, Woodson mastered the fundamentals of common school subjects by age 17.
Wanting more education, Carter went to Fayette County to earn a living as a miner in the coal fields. He was able to devote only a few months each year to his schooling. In 1895, at age 20, Woodson entered Douglass High School, where he received his diploma in less than two years. From 1897 to 1900, Woodson taught in Fayette County. In 1900 he was selected as the principal of Douglass High School. He earned his Bachelor of Literature degree from Berea College in Kentucky in 1903 by taking classes part-time between 1901 and 1903.
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Carwood Lipton
Second Lieutenant Clifford Carwood Lipton (January 30, 1920 - December 16, 2001) was a commissioned officer with Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, in the 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Lipton was portrayed in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers by Donnie Wahlberg. On the battlefields of Europe he was promoted to Company First Sergeant and ultimately was awarded a battlefield commission to Second Lieutenant. He said "it was the greatest honor ever awarded" to him. Lipton's life story was featured in the 2010 book A Company of Heroes: Personal Memories about the Real Band of Brothers and the Legacy They Left Us.
Lipton was born and raised in Huntington, West Virginia. His father was killed in an automobile accident when he was ten. His mother was involved in the same accident and was paralyzed. Since Carwood was the eldest child, she told him to be the "man of the family". After completing one year at Huntington's Marshall University, he left school due to financial troubles at home and went to work in war-related production. After reading an article in Life Magazine on the difficulty of paratrooper training, and how the airborne was one of the most highly-trained branches of the army, Lipton enlisted and joined the paratroops on August 15, 1942 at Fort Thomas (Newport), Kentucky.
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Chase Harrison
Chase Harrison (born April 2, 1984 in Huntington, West Virginia) is an American soccer player who plays for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer.
Harrison attended Huntington High School and played college soccer at Virginia Tech from 2002 to 2005. In four seasons he appeared in 79 matches, registering 289 saves, 24 shutouts, and a GAA of 1.12. During his college years he also played with the West Virginia Chaos in the USL Premier Development League.
Harrison was drafted in the third round (26th overall) of the 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft by Real Salt Lake. He was loaned to the Virginia Beach Mariners in March 2006, and played two games for the team, before being waived by RSL at the end of the 2006 season without playing a senior game.
He signed for Rochester Raging Rhinos in May 2007. On July 9, 2008, the Rhinos sent Harrison and Jamil Walker, recently acquired from the Carolina RailHawks, to the Portland Timbers in exchange for Andrew Gregor.
Harrison signed for Harrisburg City Islanders in March 2009. On February 18, 2010 Crystal Palace Baltimore announced the signing of Harrison to a contract for the 2010 season.
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Collis P. Huntington
Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 – August 13, 1900) was one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who built the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Huntington then helped lead and develop other major interstate lines such as the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which he was recruited to help complete. The C&O, completed in 1873, fulfilled a long-held dream of Virginians of a rail link from the James River at Richmond to the Ohio River Valley. The new railroad facilities adjacent to the river there resulted in expansion of the former small town of Guyandotte, West Virginia into part of a new city which was named Huntington in his honor.
Next, turning attention to the eastern end of the line at Richmond, he was responsible for the C&O's Peninsula Extension in 1881–82 which opened a pathway for West Virginia bituminous coal to reach new coal piers on the harbor of Hampton Roads for export shipping. He also is credited with the development of Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, as well as the incorporation of Newport News, Virginia as a new independent city. After his death, both his nephew Henry E. Huntington and his stepson Archer M. Huntington continued his work at Newport News, and all three are considered founding fathers in the community, with local features named in honor of each.
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Dwight Morrow
Dwight Whitney Morrow (January 11, 1873 – October 5, 1931) was an American businessman, politician, and diplomat.
Born in Huntington, West Virginia, he moved with his parents, James E. and Clara Morrow to Allegheny, Pennsylvania in 1875. His father James, was principal of Marshall College, which is now Marshall University. After graduating from Amherst College in 1895, he studied law at Columbia Law School and began practicing at the law firm Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in New York City. In 1903, he married Elizabeth Reeve Cutter, his college sweetheart, with whom he would have four children. In 1913, he partnered at J.P. Morgan & Co., the largest, most powerful commercial bank in the United States in this era, financially backing industrial giants such as General Motors and 3M. As a partner at Morgan, he served as a director on many corporate and financial boards.
With the onset of World War I in Europe, the bank lent Britain and France large sums of money, and purchased war materials in the U.S. with it. When the United States joined the War, he became the director of the National War Savings Committee for the State of New Jersey; served abroad as advisor to the Allied Maritime Transport Council, as a member of the Military Board of Allied Supply and as a civilian aide. With his proven logistical and intellectual talents, he was moved to France and made chief civilian aide to Gen. John J. Pershing.
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Hal Greer
Harold Everett Greer (born June 26, 1936, in Huntington, West Virginia) is a retired American professional basketball player.
He attended Douglass Junior and Senior High School in Huntington. He played college basketball at Marshall University and was drafted by the Syracuse Nationals of the NBA in 1958. Greer played for Syracuse for five seasons, raising his scoring average to 22.8 points a game in 1961. He was selected for the NBA All-Star team that year. In 1963, the Syracuse Nationals moved to Philadelphia to become the Philadelphia 76ers. There, Greer became well known as a teammate of Wilt Chamberlain, and starred on the powerful 1966-67 team that ended the eight-year championship reign of the Bill Russell-led Boston Celtics. In the 76ers' 15 playoff games that season, Greer averaged a team-best 27.7 points. Greer had an unusual but highly effective free throw technique, shooting a jump shot from the charity stripe. He is usually considered the third-best guard of the 1960s, behind Oscar Robertson and Jerry West.
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Hawkshaw Hawkins
Harold Franklin Hawkins (December 22, 1921 - March 5, 1963), better known as Hawkshaw Hawkins, was an American country music singer popular from the 1950s into the early 60s known for his rich, smooth vocals and music drawn from blues, boogie and honky tonk. At 6 ft 5 inches tall, he had an imposing stage presence, and he dressed more conservatively than some other male country singers. Hawkins died in the 1963 plane crash that also killed country stars Patsy Cline and Cowboy Copas. He was a member of the Grand Ole Opry and was married to country star Jean Shepard.
Harold Hawkins was born on December 22, 1921 in Huntington, West Virginia. He gained his nickname as a boy after helping a neighbor track down two missing fishing rods: the neighbor dubbed him "Hawkshaw" after the title character in the comic strip, Hawkshaw the Detective. He traded five trapped rabbits for his first guitar, and first performed on WCMI-AM in Ashland, Kentucky. At 16, he won a talent competition and a job on WSAZ-AM in Huntington, where he formed Hawkshaw and Sherlock with Clarence Jack. They moved to WCHS-AM in Charleston, West Virginia in the late 1930s. In 1940, at 19, he married Reva Mason Barbour, a 16-year-old from Huntington.
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Henry D. Hatfield
Henry Drury Hatfield (September 15, 1875 – October 23, 1962) was a Republican politician from Logan County, West Virginia. He served a term as the 14th Governor of the state, in addition to one term in the United States Senate. Hatfield was nephew to Devil Anse Hatfield, leader of the Hatfield clan.
Hatfield was born in Logan County (present-day Mingo County, West Virginia) on September 15, 1875. He graduated from Franklin College in New Athens, Ohio. He later obtained medical degrees from what is now known as the University of Louisville and later from New York University. In 1895, he married South Carolina "Carrie" Bronson.
He was appointed as surgeon for the Norfolk and Western Railway (1895–1913) and surgeon in chief of State Hospital #1 in Welch, West Virginia (1899–1913). He entered local politics first as commissioner of district roads of McDowell County (1900–1905), eventually becoming member of the State senate (1908–1912), and serving as president of the senate in 1911.
He was elected as Governor of West Virginia in 1912. His term was marked by his staunch support of labor unions and worker's rights. At the time, West Virginia governors could not serve more than one term in office, and so following the expiration of his term in 1917, he entered the United States Army as a Major in the Medical Corps, serving as chief of the Surgical Service at Base Hospital No. 36 in Detroit, Michigan.
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Jackie Hunt
John Seva "Jackie" Hunt (February 17, 1920 – June 21, 1991) was an American football fullback/halfback. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2004. He played professionally with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League in 1945.
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Jamie Oliver
James Trevor "Jamie" Oliver, MBE (born 27 May 1975) is an English chef, restaurateur and media personality, known for his food-focused television shows, cookbooks and more recently his campaign against the use of processed foods in national schools. He strives to improve unhealthy diets and poor cooking habits in the United Kingdom and the United States. Jamie Oliver's speciality is Italian cuisine, although he has a broad international repertoire.
Jamie Oliver was brought up in Clavering, Essex, England. His parents ran a pub, "The Cricketers", where he used to practise in the kitchen. He was educated at Newport Free Grammar School. He left school at age sixteen without qualifications and went on to attend Westminster Kingsway College, formerly Westminster College. He then earned a City & Guilds NVQ in home economics.
His first job was as a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio's Neal's Yard restaurant, where he first gained experience with preparing Italian cuisine, and developed a relationship with his 'mentor' Gennaro Contaldo. Oliver then moved to The River Café, Fulham, as a sous chef.
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Jeff Morrison
Jeffrey Alan Morrison (born February 4, 1979) is an American professional tennis player.
Morrison is perhaps best known for being the last American male left standing in the singles draw at Wimbledon in 2002.
Morrison attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for the Florida Gators men's tennis team in National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) competition. He defeated James Blake of Harvard University in the NCAA Singles National Championship final in 1999. Morrison was a two-time All-American during his sophomore and junior seasons. He was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 2012.
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Jim Grobe
Jim Grobe (born February 17, 1952) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach at Wake Forest University, a position he has held since the 2001 season. From 1995 to 2000, Grobe served as the head coach at Ohio University. In 2006, he was named ACC Coach of the Year by a unanimous vote and AP Coach of the Year for coaching Wake Forest to an 11–2 regular season.
Grobe earned his undergraduate degree (B.S.) in education from the University of Virginia in 1975 and earned a master's degree in guidance and counseling from Virginia in 1978. As a player at Virginia in 1973 and 1974, Grobe played middle guard (1973) and linebacker (1974). He was a two-year starter for the Virginia Cavaliers and was named Academic All-ACC.
Before enrolling at Virginia, Grobe spent two seasons with Ferrum College, then known as Ferrum Junior College, where he played linebacker on the undefeated Coastal Conference championship team. Grobe earned the Catlin Citizenship Award and the Big Green Award. In the fall of 2002, Grobe was inducted in to the Ferrum College Hall of Fame.
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Jim Thornton
Jim Thornton (born April 21, 1969) is a television and radio announcer.
Born in Huntington, West Virginia, he graduated from Huntington High School in 1983 and then moved to Los Angeles in 1984 where he would start his broadcasting career a year later. He also has a degree in linguistics from Marshall University.
Thornton is best known as the morning traffic reporter on all-news radio KNX 1070 in Los Angeles. He has also announced on Celebrity Deathmatch and did narration in a portion of Monsters, Inc.
Thornton did substitute announcing work on The Price Is Right following the death of former announcer Rod Roddy. In December 2010, he auditioned for the same role on Wheel of Fortune following the death of the show's announcer Charlie O'Donnell, and was confirmed as the show's new announcer on June 13, 2011. Because of this job, Thornton has scaled back from his job at KNX.
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Justice M. Chambers
Colonel Justice Marion Chambers (February 2, 1908–July 29, 1982) was a United States Marine Corps officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions in World War II during the Iwo Jima campaign.
Chambers was born February 2, 1908 in Huntington, West Virginia. He went to school there and completed three years at Marshall College in Huntington. He attended George Washington University for two years and National University, both in Washington, D.C., where he obtained his law degree.
Following the completion of two years enlistment in the Naval Reserve in 1930, he joined the Marine Corps Reserve as a private. He was commissioned in 1932 and continued his studies toward promotion. He was a major, attending summer camp, when Washington's 5th Battalion was called up in 1940. He was well known for the enthusiasm and energy with which he trained his men.
Serving with the 1st Marine Raider Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Chambers received the Silver Star for evacuating the wounded and directing the night defense of a battalion aid station on Tulagi, where he himself was a patient already seriously wounded. Then "Major" Chambers' wounding would be later mentioned in "Pua Pua" written by Oscar Brand and released on his album "Tell it to the Marines."
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Katie Lee Joel
Katie Lee (born Katherine Rebekah Lee on September 14, 1981) is a television food critic and chef.
Lee is from Milton, West Virginia. She is a graduate of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, with a Bachelor's degree in English and Journalism. While there she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta. She spent a semester abroad in Florence, Italy at The British Institute.
She met Billy Joel when she was 22 years old, working as a restaurant correspondent for George Hirsch: Living it Up! on PBS in 2003. After dating for a year, she and Joel married at his home in Oyster Bay, Long Island, on October 2, 2004. Alexa Ray Joel, Billy Joel's daughter from his marriage to Christie Brinkley, served as maid of honor.[citation needed]
After nearly five years of marriage, Billy and Katie Lee separated in June 2009. The separation came after months of rumors that Lee was having an affair with Israeli fashion designer Yigal Azrouel.
Since graduating, Lee was a TV restaurant critic for PBS's healthy lifestyles and cooking TV series George Hirsch: Living It UP!
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Kim Wolfe
Kim Wolfe is the incumbent Mayor of Huntington, West Virginia and former Sheriff of Cabell County, West Virginia, formerly having been with the Huntington Police Department for 26 years. He was elected sheriff in the elections of 2000 and re-elected in 2004. In 2006, he was the Republican candidate for West Virginia's 3rd congressional district, losing to incumbent Nick Rahall. In 2008, term limited for sheriff, he was elected mayor.
Wolfe served two tours of duty in the United States Navy in Vietnam. Wolfe graduated from Marshall University having studied Criminal Justice Administration, with additional training from Northwestern University. He serves on The United States Anti-Terrorist Advisory Council, and on The Advisory Committee for The National Task Force on Community Preparedness and Response.[citation needed]
He and his wife, Deborah have 8 children and 9 grandchildren. He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints where he has served as a Bishop.[citation needed]
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Larry Coyer
Larry Coyer (born April 19, 1943 in Huntington, West Virginia) is the former defensive coordinator for the National Football League's Indianapolis Colts. Prior to holding this position, he was the Assistant head coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Defensive Coordinator for the Denver Broncos.
Coyer was born in Huntington, West Virginia. He and his wife, Jan, make their home in INDIANAPOLIS]. Larry's marriage to Jan ended briefly in the 1980s, and he moved to California and had a son, Justin. Larry remarried Jan.
Larry and Jan's son, Matt, was a member of an NCAA Champion soccer team at Indiana University. Matt is also the JV coach of the boys soccer team at Park Tudor High School. He and his wife Kristin are the parents of 9-year-old Rachel and 6-year-old Ryan. Larry'S son, Justin, was an Iowa all-state football player in high school.
A 1964 graduate of Marshall University, Coyer is a member of the Football Hall of Fame at Marshall for his achievements as a player. He began his coaching career at his alma mater in 1965 as secondary coach, a position he maintained through 1967. An additional coaching stint came at the acclaimed Massillon (Ohio) High School, where NFL Legend Paul Brown once coached.
wn.com/Larry_Coyer -
Michael W. Smith
Michael Whitaker Smith (born October 7, 1957) is an American contemporary Christian musician, who is best known for his Billboard Hot 100 top ten hit song, "Place in this World". As a longtime Musician, he has charted primarily in the contemporary Christian and occasionally in the mainstream charts. His biggest success in mainstream music was in 1991 when "Place in this World" hit No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. Smith is a three-time Grammy Award winner, and has earned 40 Dove Awards. Over the course of his career, he sold more than 13 million albums and recorded 29 No. 1 Hit songs, fourteen gold albums, and five platinum albums. Smith is an American Music Award recipient; he was also named one of People magazine's "Most Beautiful People".
Michael Whitaker Smith was born to Paul and Barbara Smith in Kenova, West Virginia. His father was an oil refinery worker at the Ashland Oil Refinery, one of the top ten largest oil refineries in the world, in nearby Catlettsburg, Kentucky and his mother was a caterer. He inherited his love of baseball from his father, who had played in the minor leagues. As a child, he developed a love of music through his church. He learned piano at an early age and sang in his church choir. At the age of 10, he had "an intense spiritual experience" that led to his becoming a devout Christian. "I wore this big cross around my neck," he would recall, "It was very real to me." He became involved in Bible study and found a group of older friends who shared his religious faith.
wn.com/Michael_W._Smith -
O. J. Mayo
Ovinton J'Anthony "O. J." Mayo (born November 5, 1987) is an American professional basketball player who plays for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He signed with the Grizzlies on July 8, 2008. He played college basketball for the University of Southern California (USC). As an athlete at Huntington High School and North College Hill High School in Cincinnati, he was considered by several media outlets to be the best high school basketball player in the United States.
He chose to enter the 2008 NBA Draft instead of completing his three remaining years of college eligibility; when he chose Bill Duffy and Associates as his agency, he lost his NCAA eligibility. He was taken third overall by the Minnesota Timberwolves on June 26, 2008. Following the draft, Minnesota traded him and three other players to the Grizzlies in exchange for Kevin Love and three players.
Mayo was a part of the 2008 U.S. Select Team to help get the Olympic team ready for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
wn.com/O._J._Mayo -
Rick Reed (pitcher)
Richard Allen Reed (born August 16, 1964 in Huntington, West Virginia) is a former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1988–1991), Kansas City Royals (1992–1993), Texas Rangers (1993–1994), Cincinnati Reds (1995), New York Mets (1997–2001) and Minnesota Twins (2001–2003). He batted and threw right-handed.
After playing for Marshall University, Reed was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 26th round of the 1986 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his major league debut for Pittsburgh in 1988, but saw only limited playing time each year through 1991. After 1991, he spent several years in the minors.
In 1995, which was Reed's 10th year of pro ball, he agreed to be a replacement player for the Cincinnati Reds during the 1994 Major League Baseball strike.
Reed had been scheduled to be the Reds' opening day starter in 1995 if the strike hadn't been settled. He told reporters in 1995 that he sat in his hotel room the weekend before the scheduled start and prayed the strike would end so he wouldn't have to take the mound. "It was their season to start, not mine," Reed said of the regular players.
wn.com/Rick_Reed_(pitcher) -
Robert E. Femoyer
Robert Edward Femoyer (October 31, 1921–November 2, 1944) is one of only nine known Eagle Scouts to receive the Medal of Honor; the others are Aquilla J. Dyess, Eugene B. Fluckey, Thomas R. Norris, Arlo L. Olson, Mitchell Paige, Ben L. Salomon, Leo K. Thorsness, and Jay Zeamer, Jr.. He served in the U.S. Army Air Forces and is the only navigator awarded the Medal of Honor.
Femoyer was from Huntington, West Virginia, an Eagle Scout, he attended Virginia Tech, Class of 1944. A building at Virginia Tech is named in his honor.[1]
Femoyer joined the Enlisted Reserve Corps on November 11, 1942. He was called to active duty in February 1942 and took basic training at Miami Beach, Florida. He became an aviation cadet in July 1943, but failed his pilot training at the Mississippi Institute of Aeronautics in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1944, he graduated from the Army Air Force (AAF) Flexible Gunnery School at Fort Myers, Florida, and the AAF Navigation School at Selman Field, Louisiana. He went to the European Theater in September 1944, as a second lieutenant and was assigned to the 447th Bomb Group's 711th Squadron.
wn.com/Robert_E._Femoyer -
Ruth C. Sullivan
Ruth Christ Sullivan, Ph.D. (1924- ), is a pioneer in the field of autism, one of the first parents to be active, an organizer and lifelong crusader for education for people with autism.
In 1965, Dr. Ruth Sullivan was one of the founders, with Dr. Bernard Rimland and others, of the Autism Society of America (formerly called the National Society for Autistic Children), and was its first elected president; she is also on the permanent honorary board of the society. Ruth Sullivan was founder and former Executive Director of the Autism Services Center, a nonprofit, licensed behavioral health care agency that she founded in Huntington, West Virginia in 1979. It now provides services in three counties to hundreds of families who have a family member with developmental disabilities.
She retired from the Autism Services Center on November 1, 2007 at the age of 83.
Sullivan assisted in the production of the 1988 movie Rain Man by serving as a consultant on autistic behavior, and Dustin Hoffman worked with Sullivan and her son Joseph, who has autism, when practicing for his role. Hoffman thanked her and Joseph in his Oscar speech. Sullivan has the last credit in the movie, and the extended DVD version features an interview with Joe. (Joe Sullivan was not the only inspiration for Hoffman's role; the role was originally written after writer Barry Morrow met savant Kim Peek. Other sources for the character of Raymond include Bill Sackter and Mark Rimland, son of Bernard Rimland.)
wn.com/Ruth_C._Sullivan -
Soupy Sales
Soupy Sales (January 8, 1926 – October 22, 2009) was an American comedian, actor, radio-TV personality and host, and jazz aficionado. He was best known for his local and network children's television show, Lunch with Soupy Sales; a series of comedy sketches frequently ending with Sales receiving a pie in the face, which became his trademark.
From 1968 to 1975, he was a regular panelist on the syndicated revival of What's My Line? and appeared on several other TV game shows. During the 1980s Sales hosted his own show on WNBC-AM in New York City.
Sales was born Milton Supman, in Franklinton in Franklin County, North Carolina to Irving and Sadie Supman. His father, a dry goods merchant, had immigrated to America from Hungary in 1894. Sales had two siblings, Leonard Supman (deceased) and Jack Supman (born 1921). His was the only Jewish family in the town; Sales joked that local Ku Klux Klan members bought the sheets used for their robes from his father's store.
Sales got his nickname from his family. His older brothers had been nicknamed "Hambone" and "Chicken Bone." Milton was dubbed "Soup Bone," which was later shortened to "Soupy." When he became a disc jockey, he began using the stage name Soupy Hines. After he became established, it was decided that "Hines" was too close to the Heinz soup company, so he chose the Sales, in part after vaudville comedian Chic Sale.
wn.com/Soupy_Sales -
William C. Campbell
William Cammack Campbell (born May 5, 1923), often known as Bill Campbell or William C. Campbell, is an American amateur golfer and two-time President of the United States Golf Association (USGA). He was inducted to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1990.
Campbell was born in Huntington, West Virginia. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II, and graduated from Princeton University in 1947 with a degree in history.
In his amateur golfing career, Campbell played in 37 U.S. Amateurs, including 33 consecutively from 1941–77, and won the event in 1964. He played on eight Walker Cup teams from 1951 to 1975, captaining the 1955 team, and finished with an overall record of 11-4-3 (7-0-1 in singles matches). He was runner-up in the 1954 British Amateur. He was three times runner-up in the Canadian Amateur Championship, in 1952, 1954, and 1965. He won three West Virginia Opens, four North and South Amateurs, and fifteen West Virginia Amateur titles. He won the U.S. Senior Amateur in 1979 and 1980 (medalist in 1979, 1980, and 1984), and finished 2nd overall in the 1980 U.S. Senior Open.
wn.com/William_C._Campbell
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A Story About Huntington, WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
A little video about Huntington, WV
http://wn.com/A_Story_About_Huntington,_WV
Huntington
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:20
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
My hometown of Huntington, W.Va. While making this video...I realized I miss it. A few shots are of an old school my brother attended...and the yellow house with the green shutters is where he lived for a while. HAD to include those shots for HIM!!! Hope you enjoy!!!!
http://wn.com/Huntington
My hometown of Huntington, W.Va. While making this video...I realized I miss it. A few shots are of an old school my brother attended...and the yellow house with the green shutters is where he lived for a while. HAD to include those shots for HIM!!! Hope you enjoy!!!!
- published: 31 Jan 2009
- views: 27237
- author: Scottiepoo5612
Landing at Tri-State Airport in Huntington, WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:19
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
An HD simulation -- using X-Plane 9 -- of landing a Boeing 777 at Tri-State Airport (KHTS) in Huntington, WV. I narrate the landing, providing a few technical details, with John Denver's "Almost Heaven, West Virginia" playing in the background.
http://wn.com/Landing_at_Tri-State_Airport_in_Huntington,_WV
An HD simulation -- using X-Plane 9 -- of landing a Boeing 777 at Tri-State Airport (KHTS) in Huntington, WV. I narrate the landing, providing a few technical details, with John Denver's "Almost Heaven, West Virginia" playing in the background.
- published: 02 Sep 2010
- views: 3783
- author: David Mills
h-town stunts huntington west virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
stunts in huntington,wv
http://wn.com/h-town_stunts_huntington_west_virginia
K-Kutta Interview About Huntington, West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:19
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
This is an interview we shot for a promo video on downtown Huntington. We liked K-Kutta's interview so much, we decided to upload it as a stand-alone video. Kutta is very candid about what he likes about Huntington, where we are as a music scene, and where we're headed as a city. We hope you enjoy!
http://wn.com/K-Kutta_Interview_About_Huntington,_West_Virginia
This is an interview we shot for a promo video on downtown Huntington. We liked K-Kutta's interview so much, we decided to upload it as a stand-alone video. Kutta is very candid about what he likes about Huntington, where we are as a music scene, and where we're headed as a city. We hope you enjoy!
- published: 10 Apr 2011
- views: 3678
- author: JewelCityFilms
Food Flash Mob! | Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Chef Jamie Oliver and students from Marshall University stage a culinary-inspired flash mob to raise awareness for healthy eating in Huntington, West Virginia. Huntington has been called the unhealthiest city in America where nearly half of the adults are considered obese. "Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution" premieres March 26th on ABC.
http://wn.com/Food_Flash_Mob!_|_Jamie_Oliver's_Food_Revolution
Chef Jamie Oliver and students from Marshall University stage a culinary-inspired flash mob to raise awareness for healthy eating in Huntington, West Virginia. Huntington has been called the unhealthiest city in America where nearly half of the adults are considered obese. "Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution" premieres March 26th on ABC.
- published: 05 Mar 2010
- views: 242358
- author: ryanseacrest
N&W; 1218 NRHS Huntington, WV 8-91
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:37
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Ferry move 8-6-91 1) Sciotoville, OH 2) West of Ironton, OH Kenova, WV to Iaeger, WV round trip 8-7-91 Eastbound: 1) Pritchard, WV (coaling tower.) 2) East of Pritchard 3) Steptown, WV 4) West of Williamson, WV 5) Near West end of Matewan Tunnel Westbound: 1) West portal Matewan Tunnel 2) Near Williamson 2) Near Pritchard Kenova, WV to Portsmouth, OH round trip 8-8-91 Westbound: 1) Ohio River Bridge, South Point, OH 2) Near Ironton, OH Eastbound: 1) Ironton train station. VHS Master Recording
http://wn.com/N&W;_1218_NRHS_Huntington,_WV_8-91
Ferry move 8-6-91 1) Sciotoville, OH 2) West of Ironton, OH Kenova, WV to Iaeger, WV round trip 8-7-91 Eastbound: 1) Pritchard, WV (coaling tower.) 2) East of Pritchard 3) Steptown, WV 4) West of Williamson, WV 5) Near West end of Matewan Tunnel Westbound: 1) West portal Matewan Tunnel 2) Near Williamson 2) Near Pritchard Kenova, WV to Portsmouth, OH round trip 8-8-91 Westbound: 1) Ohio River Bridge, South Point, OH 2) Near Ironton, OH Eastbound: 1) Ironton train station. VHS Master Recording
- published: 17 Mar 2010
- views: 8564
- author: yankinga
Godsmack - Live 2012 - Keep Away - Huntington, West Virginia - GOOD QUALITY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:29
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Godsmack_Live_2012_Keep_Away_Huntington,_West_Virginia_GOOD_QUALITY
Huntington, WV Storm 6/29/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:16
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
Large wind/rain storm in Huntington, WV arrived at 6:45 PM on June 29th, 2012. This clip shows the storm approach Huntington from the north coming across the Ohio River and the resulting dust cloud and electrical transformers blowing.
http://wn.com/Huntington,_WV_Storm_6_29_2012
Large wind/rain storm in Huntington, WV arrived at 6:45 PM on June 29th, 2012. This clip shows the storm approach Huntington from the north coming across the Ohio River and the resulting dust cloud and electrical transformers blowing.
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 13438
- author: jvanooteghem
PANTERA - becoming LIVE IN huntington WEST VIRGINIA 2001
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
this is a live video of PANTERA performing their song "Becoming," at the Big Sandy Superstore Arena in Huntington, WV from June 27, 2001. this is from the Extreme Steel Tour with Slayer, Static-X, and Morbid Angel. filmed by me, with permission/pass
http://wn.com/PANTERA_becoming_LIVE_IN_huntington_WEST_VIRGINIA_2001
this is a live video of PANTERA performing their song "Becoming," at the Big Sandy Superstore Arena in Huntington, WV from June 27, 2001. this is from the Extreme Steel Tour with Slayer, Static-X, and Morbid Angel. filmed by me, with permission/pass
- published: 22 Jul 2010
- views: 8604
- author: rightupfrontstuff
Huntington WV Riverfront Homeless Evicted from 'Tent City'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 23 Feb 2012
City of Huntington makes homeless move off of prime-view Ohio river frontage where they'd pitched their 'tent city' for years. ^Footnote* City is embracing nationwide ''Housing First'' initiative.
http://wn.com/Huntington_WV_Riverfront_Homeless_Evicted_from_'Tent_City'
City of Huntington makes homeless move off of prime-view Ohio river frontage where they'd pitched their 'tent city' for years. ^Footnote* City is embracing nationwide ''Housing First'' initiative.
- published: 12 Feb 2008
- views: 6969
- author: NewsYouNeed
Huntington WV Slideshow (Excerpt)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Video Slideshow of Huntington, WV from 1870 to 1937
http://wn.com/Huntington_WV_Slideshow_Excerpt
Video Slideshow of Huntington, WV from 1870 to 1937
- published: 27 Aug 2008
- views: 8377
- author: Mediamilestones
5th Avenue Huntington, West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
A quiet ride on the TTA going down 5th Avenue in Huntington, WV. Featured music is You Are Goo (piano and cello movement) by Jeff Deyo. Film/editing by Chad Jarrett.
http://wn.com/5th_Avenue_Huntington,_West_Virginia
A quiet ride on the TTA going down 5th Avenue in Huntington, WV. Featured music is You Are Goo (piano and cello movement) by Jeff Deyo. Film/editing by Chad Jarrett.
- published: 07 Sep 2007
- views: 6025
- author: Chizadwiklicious
Ritter Park Huntington West Virginia Canon T1i HD 720p
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 26 May 2012
Quick look at Ritter Park in Huntington West Virginia taken with the Canon T1i Digital Camera in 720p HD mode and using the Canon IS 18-200 mm lens
http://wn.com/Ritter_Park_Huntington_West_Virginia_Canon_T1i_HD_720p
Quick look at Ritter Park in Huntington West Virginia taken with the Canon T1i Digital Camera in 720p HD mode and using the Canon IS 18-200 mm lens
- published: 15 Jun 2009
- views: 2783
- author: Bruce Koldys
Downtown Huntington West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Contrary to common myth, downtowns in the 'rust belt' and in Appalachia are not all dead or dying. Especially not in Huntington, WV, which is experiencing a renaissance.
http://wn.com/Downtown_Huntington_West_Virginia
Contrary to common myth, downtowns in the 'rust belt' and in Appalachia are not all dead or dying. Especially not in Huntington, WV, which is experiencing a renaissance.
- published: 12 Feb 2008
- views: 11864
- author: NewsYouNeed
Huntington East High School Alma Mater Huntington, West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
HEHS A Cappella Choir alumni sing the Alma Mater, at a performance to celebrate the retirement of Janice Chandler, music teacher in Cabell County Schools, Huntington, West Virginia.
http://wn.com/Huntington_East_High_School_Alma_Mater_Huntington,_West_Virginia
HEHS A Cappella Choir alumni sing the Alma Mater, at a performance to celebrate the retirement of Janice Chandler, music teacher in Cabell County Schools, Huntington, West Virginia.
- published: 09 Feb 2010
- views: 2664
- author: altizerchick
Halestorm - Live 2012 - Rock Show - Huntington, West Virginia - GOOD QUALITY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Halestorm_Live_2012_Rock_Show_Huntington,_West_Virginia_GOOD_QUALITY
Ohio River between Ohio and Huntington WV .
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
This video was uploaded from an Android phone. Traveling from Proctorville Ohio into West Virginia on East Huntington Bridge .The east end of Huntington WV ...... Guyandotte to the left .
http://wn.com/Ohio_River_between_Ohio_and_Huntington_WV_
This video was uploaded from an Android phone. Traveling from Proctorville Ohio into West Virginia on East Huntington Bridge .The east end of Huntington WV ...... Guyandotte to the left .
- published: 19 Dec 2009
- views: 1675
- author: deo53
RVD & Sabu Arrest Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Rare footage: RVD and Sabu are pulled over by the cops RVD had it all going for him until this
http://wn.com/RVD_Sabu_Arrest_Video
Rare footage: RVD and Sabu are pulled over by the cops RVD had it all going for him until this
- published: 19 Oct 2008
- views: 18587
- author: samstar0907
"Vote Righteousness" Eddie James at Christ Temple Church in Huntington West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Eddie james talking about the 2012 election
http://wn.com/Vote_Righteousness_Eddie_James_at_Christ_Temple_Church_in_Huntington_West_Virginia
Big Dipper at Camden Park in Huntington, WV 9-1-2007
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Big Dipper at Camden Park in Huntington, WV is a fun little Wooden Roller Coaster. This is one of only 4 remaining coasters built by National Amusement Device Company. The park has a second NADC coaster called Lil' Dipper. If your ever in the area, it's an easy park to pop through. But, at the same time, you could spend hours there having fun with the family.Remember to always be safe when taking on-ride videos. Ride a few times before trying to record. Get familiar with the ride. Always wear a wrist strap and be safe. Most importantly follow the parks guidelines, only take on-ride video if the park allows it.
http://wn.com/Big_Dipper_at_Camden_Park_in_Huntington,_WV_9-1-2007
Big Dipper at Camden Park in Huntington, WV is a fun little Wooden Roller Coaster. This is one of only 4 remaining coasters built by National Amusement Device Company. The park has a second NADC coaster called Lil' Dipper. If your ever in the area, it's an easy park to pop through. But, at the same time, you could spend hours there having fun with the family.Remember to always be safe when taking on-ride videos. Ride a few times before trying to record. Get familiar with the ride. Always wear a wrist strap and be safe. Most importantly follow the parks guidelines, only take on-ride video if the park allows it.
- published: 15 Aug 2009
- views: 4335
- author: Jason Hammond
Drunk Girl, Huntington WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Drunk woman dancing on July 4th holiday at the riverfront ampitheater in Huntington, WV
http://wn.com/Drunk_Girl,_Huntington_WV
Drunk woman dancing on July 4th holiday at the riverfront ampitheater in Huntington, WV
- published: 17 Aug 2008
- views: 23530
- author: hollyfaith33
From High School To College
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
"How Students with Asperger's Syndrome Make the Transition at Marshall University." This video highlights several aspects of high school to college transition effective in supporting students living with an autism spectrum diagnosis at Marshall University in Huntington, WV. The video was produced in 2009 by Mountainside Media and the College Support Program for Students with Asperger's Syndrome, which is sponsered by the West Virginia Autism Training Center.
http://wn.com/From_High_School_To_College
"How Students with Asperger's Syndrome Make the Transition at Marshall University." This video highlights several aspects of high school to college transition effective in supporting students living with an autism spectrum diagnosis at Marshall University in Huntington, WV. The video was produced in 2009 by Mountainside Media and the College Support Program for Students with Asperger's Syndrome, which is sponsered by the West Virginia Autism Training Center.
- published: 08 Oct 2009
- views: 8795
- author: ATCCPSAS
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huntington west virginia hospital cafeteria.MOV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
St. Mary's Hospital, Huntington, West Virginia
Charlie Burd visiting the hospital to meet his ailing grandma. The bigger shocker was not how grandma was, but the cafeteria at the hospital. Not unlike those across the nation by any means, but not any better. One would have thought Jamie Oliver's show annoucing to the world that Huntington was the fattest city of the fattest nation in the world would have made change happen in this city at a faster pace than elsewhere. Not the case it seems.
Is it any shock then, why Huntington is the fattest city in America? Maybe Jamie Oliver should be teaching hospital operators and food service providers about health and wellness and better eating habits first.
Or perhaps the physicians and administrators at the hospital should spend some of their CME credits attending some health and wellness seminars that can bring them up to date with current knowledge on what we ought to eat and what we should avoid. One such conference is the Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Lives conference hosted jointly by Harvard Medical School and Culinary Insitute of American in St. Helena, CA each year. It is a great place for physicians to interact with chefs, nutritionists and dietitians and learn about the complexities of the issues around health and wellness and also understand the importance of diet in our lives.
Charlie Burd did not try and make a detailed documentary showcasing every offering made available at the hospital. Rather, his was a quick video sharing with me what he saw in a state of jet-lag, very quickly. Of course there must have been healthier offerings in the same room, and he was unable to see them. But that certainly does not negate the questioning we all must bring to the table as citizens of a great nation. If we want to see America fight the pandemic of obesity with fortitude, we must begin honest debate and speak those truths that hurt and unsettle our lives. Our national security is affected as much by health and wellness as the wars we fight.
I urge those that question Charlie's intentions to make their own videos and share with us the offerings they love. Maybe we can even see those making videos after this rigorous and not always civilized debate perhaps scrutinize deeper and ask for recipes and see if the cafes in and around their towns are using healthy fats and watching sodium. Whilst fat is not our enemy, we know for sure that transfats are. Too bad that in many corners of this grand nation, transfats are still being pushed and embraced. Hopefully our hospitals and schools are already ahead on this little battle within the grater war we must fight against obesity.
http://wn.com/huntington_west_virginia_hospital_cafeteriaMOV
St. Mary's Hospital, Huntington, West Virginia
Charlie Burd visiting the hospital to meet his ailing grandma. The bigger shocker was not how grandma was, but the cafeteria at the hospital. Not unlike those across the nation by any means, but not any better. One would have thought Jamie Oliver's show annoucing to the world that Huntington was the fattest city of the fattest nation in the world would have made change happen in this city at a faster pace than elsewhere. Not the case it seems.
Is it any shock then, why Huntington is the fattest city in America? Maybe Jamie Oliver should be teaching hospital operators and food service providers about health and wellness and better eating habits first.
Or perhaps the physicians and administrators at the hospital should spend some of their CME credits attending some health and wellness seminars that can bring them up to date with current knowledge on what we ought to eat and what we should avoid. One such conference is the Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Lives conference hosted jointly by Harvard Medical School and Culinary Insitute of American in St. Helena, CA each year. It is a great place for physicians to interact with chefs, nutritionists and dietitians and learn about the complexities of the issues around health and wellness and also understand the importance of diet in our lives.
Charlie Burd did not try and make a detailed documentary showcasing every offering made available at the hospital. Rather, his was a quick video sharing with me what he saw in a state of jet-lag, very quickly. Of course there must have been healthier offerings in the same room, and he was unable to see them. But that certainly does not negate the questioning we all must bring to the table as citizens of a great nation. If we want to see America fight the pandemic of obesity with fortitude, we must begin honest debate and speak those truths that hurt and unsettle our lives. Our national security is affected as much by health and wellness as the wars we fight.
I urge those that question Charlie's intentions to make their own videos and share with us the offerings they love. Maybe we can even see those making videos after this rigorous and not always civilized debate perhaps scrutinize deeper and ask for recipes and see if the cafes in and around their towns are using healthy fats and watching sodium. Whilst fat is not our enemy, we know for sure that transfats are. Too bad that in many corners of this grand nation, transfats are still being pushed and embraced. Hopefully our hospitals and schools are already ahead on this little battle within the grater war we must fight against obesity.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 1628
- author: charlenadempsey
5th Avenue Huntington, West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A quiet ride on the TTA going down 5th Avenue in Huntington, WV. Featured music is You Are Goo (piano and cello movement) by Jeff Deyo. Film/editing by Chad Jarrett.
http://wn.com/5th_Avenue_Huntington,_West_Virginia
A quiet ride on the TTA going down 5th Avenue in Huntington, WV. Featured music is You Are Goo (piano and cello movement) by Jeff Deyo. Film/editing by Chad Jarrett.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 6028
- author: charlenadempsey
Skater Kid Fail
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Skating in Huntington, WV, Stephen goes for tall rail down a four-stair. He bails, but not in time. Watch as he is painfully castrated!
http://wn.com/Skater_Kid_Fail
Skating in Huntington, WV, Stephen goes for tall rail down a four-stair. He bails, but not in time. Watch as he is painfully castrated!
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 1094
- author: charlenadempsey
"4th of July" 2007 (Huntington, WV)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The last 10 minutes of the Fireworks display in Huntington, WV in Pullman Square. Music in the video: Kelly Clarkson- Star Spangled Banner, DCtalk- Let's Roll, Lee Greenwood- God Bless the USA. Video by Chad Jarrett.
http://wn.com/4th_of_July_2007_Huntington,_WV
The last 10 minutes of the Fireworks display in Huntington, WV in Pullman Square. Music in the video: Kelly Clarkson- Star Spangled Banner, DCtalk- Let's Roll, Lee Greenwood- God Bless the USA. Video by Chad Jarrett.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 68
- author: charlenadempsey
WV Hot Dog Festival, Pullman Square, Huntington
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Sorry for loss of sound, will reupload later
The annual West Viginia Hot Dog Festival is held at Pullman Square in Huntington, WV. Hot Dog vendors from the Greater Huntington Area show off their Hot Specialities. Some vendors are M&M; Dairy, Hillbilly HotDogs, Bowincal, Stewarts, Sam's Hotdogs, Frostop, Jhonny Dogs, Chilli Willi's, and many more. Also featured were area musicians, Inflatables for the kids, a car show, speciality stands for dogs, and much more! Video/Editing by Chad Jarrett. Music is Bon Jovi's Summertime.
Eating contest, root beer, homewrecker, sauce, meat, lemonade, benny, cheesesteaks, empire, chicago, uno, buns, summer, party, streets, marshall, university, cars, movies, harry, potter, just plain fun!
From LMBCyouth Account.
http://wn.com/WV_Hot_Dog_Festival,_Pullman_Square,_Huntington
Sorry for loss of sound, will reupload later
The annual West Viginia Hot Dog Festival is held at Pullman Square in Huntington, WV. Hot Dog vendors from the Greater Huntington Area show off their Hot Specialities. Some vendors are M&M; Dairy, Hillbilly HotDogs, Bowincal, Stewarts, Sam's Hotdogs, Frostop, Jhonny Dogs, Chilli Willi's, and many more. Also featured were area musicians, Inflatables for the kids, a car show, speciality stands for dogs, and much more! Video/Editing by Chad Jarrett. Music is Bon Jovi's Summertime.
Eating contest, root beer, homewrecker, sauce, meat, lemonade, benny, cheesesteaks, empire, chicago, uno, buns, summer, party, streets, marshall, university, cars, movies, harry, potter, just plain fun!
From LMBCyouth Account.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 290
- author: charlenadempsey
Downtown Huntington West Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Contrary to common myth, downtowns in the 'rust belt' and in Appalachia are not all dead or dying. Especially not in Huntington, WV, which is experiencing a renaissance.
http://wn.com/Downtown_Huntington_West_Virginia
Contrary to common myth, downtowns in the 'rust belt' and in Appalachia are not all dead or dying. Especially not in Huntington, WV, which is experiencing a renaissance.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 11870
- author: charlenadempsey
Safe Trick or Treat 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
17th Annual Safe Trick or Treat hosted by Kindred Communications, Cabell County Commission, Cabell County Sheriffs, Huntington Police & Fire Departments, The City of Huntington, and Downtown Live.
http://wn.com/Safe_Trick_or_Treat_2008
17th Annual Safe Trick or Treat hosted by Kindred Communications, Cabell County Commission, Cabell County Sheriffs, Huntington Police & Fire Departments, The City of Huntington, and Downtown Live.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 296
- author: charlenadempsey
Stand Up Comedy About Huntington, WV - Funny Bone Comedy Club
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
My Experience In Huntington, WV. Even If You Have Never Been There It Is Still Funny. Comedian Matt KazamTaped At The WV Funny Bone. www.mattkazam.com
http://wn.com/Stand_Up_Comedy_About_Huntington,_WV_Funny_Bone_Comedy_Club
My Experience In Huntington, WV. Even If You Have Never Been There It Is Still Funny. Comedian Matt KazamTaped At The WV Funny Bone. www.mattkazam.com
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 8800
- author: charlenadempsey
Huntington WV TEA party
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
April 14, 2009 Huntington WV held their own TEA party. We had a great turnout for such short notice. We were about 250. Radio personality Tom Roten came out to speak to us and local representatives Carol Miller and Kelli Sobonya came out to support us! We only had a few disgruntled people and we made short work of them! Can't wait until the 15th!!!
http://wn.com/Huntington_WV_TEA_party
April 14, 2009 Huntington WV held their own TEA party. We had a great turnout for such short notice. We were about 250. Radio personality Tom Roten came out to speak to us and local representatives Carol Miller and Kelli Sobonya came out to support us! We only had a few disgruntled people and we made short work of them! Can't wait until the 15th!!!
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 338
- author: charlenadempsey
Harris Riverfront Park - Huntington, WV - GoPro Panning Timelapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
I bought a water sprinkler timer for cheap on Amazon. I have NO tool skills, so my friend Mark drilled some holes in the thing to both mount a camera, and to mount the timer to a tripod. Fully cranked, the timer will rotate for two hours.
Cool stuff to check out are the crosswinds near the top of the sky, a barge, and a sternwheeler doing a U-Turn under the 6th Street bridge to dock in Huntington
http://wn.com/Harris_Riverfront_Park_Huntington,_WV_GoPro_Panning_Timelapse
I bought a water sprinkler timer for cheap on Amazon. I have NO tool skills, so my friend Mark drilled some holes in the thing to both mount a camera, and to mount the timer to a tripod. Fully cranked, the timer will rotate for two hours.
Cool stuff to check out are the crosswinds near the top of the sky, a barge, and a sternwheeler doing a U-Turn under the 6th Street bridge to dock in Huntington
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 227
- author: charlenadempsey
Summer II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Unused clips from 2009. Some are alternate takes from other videos, some are unused because I didn't have enough material for a subject, and others have some technical flaws, particularly the handheld ship rigging shots which show chromatic aberration, and loss of reolution due to the wide angle attachment I used. Still there are some nice shots here.
http://wn.com/Summer_II
Unused clips from 2009. Some are alternate takes from other videos, some are unused because I didn't have enough material for a subject, and others have some technical flaws, particularly the handheld ship rigging shots which show chromatic aberration, and loss of reolution due to the wide angle attachment I used. Still there are some nice shots here.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 123
- author: charlenadempsey
snow in Huntington, WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
snow at my house in Huntington WV. January 30,2009
http://wn.com/snow_in_Huntington,_WV
snow at my house in Huntington WV. January 30,2009
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 2309
- author: charlenadempsey
Demolition of Guyandotte bridge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The old bridge between Huntington and Guyandotte being demolished. June 18, 2010.
http://wn.com/Demolition_of_Guyandotte_bridge
The old bridge between Huntington and Guyandotte being demolished. June 18, 2010.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 309
- author: charlenadempsey
3rd Annual Wings & Wheels Huntington, WV June 27th 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Wings & Wheels
Proceeds benefit the Huntington
Police department STOP Program
HARRIS RIVERFRONT PARK
Huntington, WV
Saturday, June 27, 2009
10:00 AM to 7:00 PM
Motorcycle Ride
Registration Begins at 8:30am
Ride Begins at 10:30AM
Colgate Country Showdown ~ Open Auditions
2-4pm
Emergency Vehicle Display
10AM - 6PM
Classic Car Show
11Am - 3PM • $10 Entry Fee
Kids Karaoke
Win 4 Tickets to Paramounts Kings Island
Cornhole Tournament
Starts at 1PM • $30 per 2 person team
Kids Bicycle Rodeo
5 Mile Cycle Ride
With Bicycle Police
Tri-States Got Talent Contest
$100 Cash & 4 Tickets to the Funny Bone Comedy Club
kids play area, Concessions & More!
http://wn.com/3rd_Annual_Wings_Wheels_Huntington,_WV_June_27th_2009
Wings & Wheels
Proceeds benefit the Huntington
Police department STOP Program
HARRIS RIVERFRONT PARK
Huntington, WV
Saturday, June 27, 2009
10:00 AM to 7:00 PM
Motorcycle Ride
Registration Begins at 8:30am
Ride Begins at 10:30AM
Colgate Country Showdown ~ Open Auditions
2-4pm
Emergency Vehicle Display
10AM - 6PM
Classic Car Show
11Am - 3PM • $10 Entry Fee
Kids Karaoke
Win 4 Tickets to Paramounts Kings Island
Cornhole Tournament
Starts at 1PM • $30 per 2 person team
Kids Bicycle Rodeo
5 Mile Cycle Ride
With Bicycle Police
Tri-States Got Talent Contest
$100 Cash & 4 Tickets to the Funny Bone Comedy Club
kids play area, Concessions & More!
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 213
- author: charlenadempsey
Huntington Police Department Recruitment Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Huntington_Police_Department_Recruitment_Video
Quadruple murder scene turned to house of hope, part 1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They were shot in front of a house. Two years later, the house is being transformed. It's now called Hope House.
This story aired May 17, 2007, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Kristin Murdock is the producer
http://wn.com/Quadruple_murder_scene_turned_to_house_of_hope,_part_1_of_2
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They were shot in front of a house. Two years later, the house is being transformed. It's now called Hope House.
This story aired May 17, 2007, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Kristin Murdock is the producer
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 3890
- author: charlenadempsey
Quadruple murder scene turned to house of hope, part 2 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They were shot in front of a house. Two years later, the house is being transformed. It's now called Hope House.
This story aired May 17, 2007, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Kristin Murdock is the producer.
http://wn.com/Quadruple_murder_scene_turned_to_house_of_hope,_part_2_of_2
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They were shot in front of a house. Two years later, the house is being transformed. It's now called Hope House.
This story aired May 17, 2007, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Kristin Murdock is the producer.
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 1324
- author: charlenadempsey
WVU STEPS program
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
West Virginia University has recently added a new class room that is unlike any others. The STEPS simulation center consists of four labs which allow students a real life chance to train with out jeopardizing patient safety.
http://wn.com/WVU_STEPS_program
West Virginia University has recently added a new class room that is unlike any others. The STEPS simulation center consists of four labs which allow students a real life chance to train with out jeopardizing patient safety.
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 114
- author: charlenadempsey
Halloween Pumpkin House in Kenova
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
People come from all around to see the Pumpkin House in Kenova, West Virginia.
Ric Griffith transforms his house every year by carving more 3,000 pumpkins and placing them around his home for everyone to see.
Clark Davis has more on this unofficial Halloween destination for the region.
http://wn.com/Halloween_Pumpkin_House_in_Kenova
People come from all around to see the Pumpkin House in Kenova, West Virginia.
Ric Griffith transforms his house every year by carving more 3,000 pumpkins and placing them around his home for everyone to see.
Clark Davis has more on this unofficial Halloween destination for the region.
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 3159
- author: charlenadempsey
Huntington premiere of "We Are Marshall"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Kristin Murdock of West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports on the Huntington premiere of "We Are Marshall." This story aired on the program "Outlook."
http://wn.com/Huntington_premiere_of_We_Are_Marshall
Kristin Murdock of West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports on the Huntington premiere of "We Are Marshall." This story aired on the program "Outlook."
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 8096
- author: charlenadempsey
Halfpipe Dreams
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This piece is about the need for skateparks in West Virginia. It aired Jan. 27, 2005, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Dave Romero produced the story.
http://wn.com/Halfpipe_Dreams
This piece is about the need for skateparks in West Virginia. It aired Jan. 27, 2005, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Dave Romero produced the story.
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 1161
- author: charlenadempsey
Christmas in Huntington, WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Christmas_in_Huntington,_WV
A Story About Huntington, WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A little video about Huntington, WV
http://wn.com/A_Story_About_Huntington,_WV
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Godsmack/Awake.MOV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Godsmack Huntington WV 05/12/12 Intro + Awake
http://wn.com/Godsmack_AwakeMOV
Staind '' RAW, Right Here '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Staind_''_RAW,_Right_Here_''_Live_5_12_12_Huntington_WV,_MASS_CHAOS
HALESTORM I miss the misery LIVE in Huntington WV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Um...AMAZING!!!!
http://wn.com/HALESTORM_I_miss_the_misery_LIVE_in_Huntington_WV
Staind '' So Far Away '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Staind_''_So_Far_Away_''_Live_5_12_12_Huntington_WV,_MASS_CHAOS
Staind '' Something To Remind You '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Staind_''_Something_To_Remind_You_''_Live_5_12_12_Huntington_WV,_MASS_CHAOS
Staind '' Outside '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Staind_''_Outside_''_Live_5_12_12_Huntington_WV,_MASS_CHAOS
Staind '' Eyes Wide Open, Spleen '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Staind_''_Eyes_Wide_Open,_Spleen_''_Live_5_12_12_Huntington_WV,_MASS_CHAOS
Brookroyal - Hello
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Brookroyal
Hello
There Was a Time EP
POPS Nightclub 11-13-10
www.ArchCityVideo.com
www.Brookroyal.com
http://wn.com/Brookroyal_Hello
Brookroyal
Hello
There Was a Time EP
POPS Nightclub 11-13-10
www.ArchCityVideo.com
www.Brookroyal.com
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 1232
- author: 24wordlife
Godsmack Live 2012 Straight Out Of Line Huntington, West Virginia GOOD QUALITY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Godsmack_Live_2012_Straight_Out_Of_Line_Huntington,_West_Virginia_GOOD_QUALITY
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Big Dipper, Camden Park '07
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Big Dipper, Camden Park '07
http://wn.com/Big_Dipper,_Camden_Park_'07
BIG DIPPER ROLLER COASTER RIDE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Ride on the Big Dipper roller coaster at Camden Park in Huntington, West Virginia, USA. The Big Dipper is one of the OLDEST wooden coasters in the WORLD!
http://wn.com/BIG_DIPPER_ROLLER_COASTER_RIDE
Ride on the Big Dipper roller coaster at Camden Park in Huntington, West Virginia, USA. The Big Dipper is one of the OLDEST wooden coasters in the WORLD!
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 39423
- author: coastercubtx
CAMDEN PARK HAUNTED HOUSE RIDE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Take a tour of the Camden Park Haunted House ride. Yes it's CHEESEY, OLD, NOT SCARY (Unless your UNDER the age of 4) & rough, but it's a part of history and it's FUN!
http://wn.com/CAMDEN_PARK_HAUNTED_HOUSE_RIDE
Take a tour of the Camden Park Haunted House ride. Yes it's CHEESEY, OLD, NOT SCARY (Unless your UNDER the age of 4) & rough, but it's a part of history and it's FUN!
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 113797
- author: coastercubtx
Camden Park - The "Bullseye"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Me and Brandi on the bulls eye at camden park, it was once the Rainbow...and it was prettier then too.
http://wn.com/Camden_Park_The_Bullseye
Me and Brandi on the bulls eye at camden park, it was once the Rainbow...and it was prettier then too.
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 8672
- author: coastercubtx
Camden Park - Train Ride
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The train ride at Camden Park.
http://wn.com/Camden_Park_Train_Ride
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FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 1 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 1 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_1_of_11
this is part 1 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 984
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 2 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 2 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_2_of_11
this is part 2 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 674
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 3 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 3 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_3_of_11
this is part 3 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 466
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 4 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 4 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_4_of_11
this is part 4 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 314
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 5 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 5 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_5_of_11
this is part 5 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 249
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 6 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 6 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_6_of_11
this is part 6 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 219
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 7 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 7 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON_WEST_VIRGINIA_2002_part_7_of_11
this is part 7 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 360
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 8 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 8 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON,_WV_2002_part_8_of_11
this is part 8 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 164
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 9 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 9 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON,_WV_2002_part_9_of_11
this is part 9 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 421
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 10 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 10 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON,_WV_2002_part_10_of_11
this is part 10 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 687
- author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 11 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
this is part 11 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
http://wn.com/FUGAZI_LIVE_IN_HUNTINGTON,_WV_2002_part_11_of_11
this is part 11 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 217
- author: ryebees
2:33
huntington west virginia hospital cafeteria.MOV
St. Mary's Hospital, Huntington, West Virginia
Charlie Burd visiting the hospital to meet...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
huntington west virginia hospital cafeteria.MOV
St. Mary's Hospital, Huntington, West Virginia
Charlie Burd visiting the hospital to meet his ailing grandma. The bigger shocker was not how grandma was, but the cafeteria at the hospital. Not unlike those across the nation by any means, but not any better. One would have thought Jamie Oliver's show annoucing to the world that Huntington was the fattest city of the fattest nation in the world would have made change happen in this city at a faster pace than elsewhere. Not the case it seems.
Is it any shock then, why Huntington is the fattest city in America? Maybe Jamie Oliver should be teaching hospital operators and food service providers about health and wellness and better eating habits first.
Or perhaps the physicians and administrators at the hospital should spend some of their CME credits attending some health and wellness seminars that can bring them up to date with current knowledge on what we ought to eat and what we should avoid. One such conference is the Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Lives conference hosted jointly by Harvard Medical School and Culinary Insitute of American in St. Helena, CA each year. It is a great place for physicians to interact with chefs, nutritionists and dietitians and learn about the complexities of the issues around health and wellness and also understand the importance of diet in our lives.
Charlie Burd did not try and make a detailed documentary showcasing every offering made available at the hospital. Rather, his was a quick video sharing with me what he saw in a state of jet-lag, very quickly. Of course there must have been healthier offerings in the same room, and he was unable to see them. But that certainly does not negate the questioning we all must bring to the table as citizens of a great nation. If we want to see America fight the pandemic of obesity with fortitude, we must begin honest debate and speak those truths that hurt and unsettle our lives. Our national security is affected as much by health and wellness as the wars we fight.
I urge those that question Charlie's intentions to make their own videos and share with us the offerings they love. Maybe we can even see those making videos after this rigorous and not always civilized debate perhaps scrutinize deeper and ask for recipes and see if the cafes in and around their towns are using healthy fats and watching sodium. Whilst fat is not our enemy, we know for sure that transfats are. Too bad that in many corners of this grand nation, transfats are still being pushed and embraced. Hopefully our hospitals and schools are already ahead on this little battle within the grater war we must fight against obesity.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 1628
- author: charlenadempsey
6:11
5th Avenue Huntington, West Virginia
A quiet ride on the TTA going down 5th Avenue in Huntington, WV. Featured music is You Are...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
5th Avenue Huntington, West Virginia
A quiet ride on the TTA going down 5th Avenue in Huntington, WV. Featured music is You Are Goo (piano and cello movement) by Jeff Deyo. Film/editing by Chad Jarrett.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 6028
- author: charlenadempsey
0:24
Skater Kid Fail
Skating in Huntington, WV, Stephen goes for tall rail down a four-stair. He bails, but no...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Skater Kid Fail
Skating in Huntington, WV, Stephen goes for tall rail down a four-stair. He bails, but not in time. Watch as he is painfully castrated!
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 1094
- author: charlenadempsey
9:46
"4th of July" 2007 (Huntington, WV)
The last 10 minutes of the Fireworks display in Huntington, WV in Pullman Square. Music in...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
"4th of July" 2007 (Huntington, WV)
The last 10 minutes of the Fireworks display in Huntington, WV in Pullman Square. Music in the video: Kelly Clarkson- Star Spangled Banner, DCtalk- Let's Roll, Lee Greenwood- God Bless the USA. Video by Chad Jarrett.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 68
- author: charlenadempsey
3:09
WV Hot Dog Festival, Pullman Square, Huntington
Sorry for loss of sound, will reupload later
The annual West Viginia Hot Dog Festival is ...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
WV Hot Dog Festival, Pullman Square, Huntington
Sorry for loss of sound, will reupload later
The annual West Viginia Hot Dog Festival is held at Pullman Square in Huntington, WV. Hot Dog vendors from the Greater Huntington Area show off their Hot Specialities. Some vendors are M&M; Dairy, Hillbilly HotDogs, Bowincal, Stewarts, Sam's Hotdogs, Frostop, Jhonny Dogs, Chilli Willi's, and many more. Also featured were area musicians, Inflatables for the kids, a car show, speciality stands for dogs, and much more! Video/Editing by Chad Jarrett. Music is Bon Jovi's Summertime.
Eating contest, root beer, homewrecker, sauce, meat, lemonade, benny, cheesesteaks, empire, chicago, uno, buns, summer, party, streets, marshall, university, cars, movies, harry, potter, just plain fun!
From LMBCyouth Account.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 290
- author: charlenadempsey
2:10
Downtown Huntington West Virginia
Contrary to common myth, downtowns in the 'rust belt' and in Appalachia are not all dead ...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Downtown Huntington West Virginia
Contrary to common myth, downtowns in the 'rust belt' and in Appalachia are not all dead or dying. Especially not in Huntington, WV, which is experiencing a renaissance.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 11870
- author: charlenadempsey
9:59
Safe Trick or Treat 2008
17th Annual Safe Trick or Treat hosted by Kindred Communications, Cabell County Commission...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Safe Trick or Treat 2008
17th Annual Safe Trick or Treat hosted by Kindred Communications, Cabell County Commission, Cabell County Sheriffs, Huntington Police & Fire Departments, The City of Huntington, and Downtown Live.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 296
- author: charlenadempsey
1:42
Stand Up Comedy About Huntington, WV - Funny Bone Comedy Club
My Experience In Huntington, WV. Even If You Have Never Been There It Is Still Funny. Co...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Stand Up Comedy About Huntington, WV - Funny Bone Comedy Club
My Experience In Huntington, WV. Even If You Have Never Been There It Is Still Funny. Comedian Matt KazamTaped At The WV Funny Bone. www.mattkazam.com
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 8800
- author: charlenadempsey
3:48
Huntington WV TEA party
April 14, 2009 Huntington WV held their own TEA party. We had a great turnout for such sh...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Huntington WV TEA party
April 14, 2009 Huntington WV held their own TEA party. We had a great turnout for such short notice. We were about 250. Radio personality Tom Roten came out to speak to us and local representatives Carol Miller and Kelli Sobonya came out to support us! We only had a few disgruntled people and we made short work of them! Can't wait until the 15th!!!
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 338
- author: charlenadempsey
0:48
Harris Riverfront Park - Huntington, WV - GoPro Panning Timelapse
I bought a water sprinkler timer for cheap on Amazon. I have NO tool skills, so my friend ...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Harris Riverfront Park - Huntington, WV - GoPro Panning Timelapse
I bought a water sprinkler timer for cheap on Amazon. I have NO tool skills, so my friend Mark drilled some holes in the thing to both mount a camera, and to mount the timer to a tripod. Fully cranked, the timer will rotate for two hours.
Cool stuff to check out are the crosswinds near the top of the sky, a barge, and a sternwheeler doing a U-Turn under the 6th Street bridge to dock in Huntington
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 227
- author: charlenadempsey
3:25
Summer II
Unused clips from 2009. Some are alternate takes from other videos, some are unused becaus...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Summer II
Unused clips from 2009. Some are alternate takes from other videos, some are unused because I didn't have enough material for a subject, and others have some technical flaws, particularly the handheld ship rigging shots which show chromatic aberration, and loss of reolution due to the wide angle attachment I used. Still there are some nice shots here.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 123
- author: charlenadempsey
4:56
snow in Huntington, WV
snow at my house in Huntington WV. January 30,2009...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
snow in Huntington, WV
snow at my house in Huntington WV. January 30,2009
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 2309
- author: charlenadempsey
2:10
Demolition of Guyandotte bridge
The old bridge between Huntington and Guyandotte being demolished. June 18, 2010....
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Demolition of Guyandotte bridge
The old bridge between Huntington and Guyandotte being demolished. June 18, 2010.
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 309
- author: charlenadempsey
0:30
3rd Annual Wings & Wheels Huntington, WV June 27th 2009
Wings & Wheels
Proceeds benefit the Huntington
Police department STOP Program
HARRIS RIV...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
3rd Annual Wings & Wheels Huntington, WV June 27th 2009
Wings & Wheels
Proceeds benefit the Huntington
Police department STOP Program
HARRIS RIVERFRONT PARK
Huntington, WV
Saturday, June 27, 2009
10:00 AM to 7:00 PM
Motorcycle Ride
Registration Begins at 8:30am
Ride Begins at 10:30AM
Colgate Country Showdown ~ Open Auditions
2-4pm
Emergency Vehicle Display
10AM - 6PM
Classic Car Show
11Am - 3PM • $10 Entry Fee
Kids Karaoke
Win 4 Tickets to Paramounts Kings Island
Cornhole Tournament
Starts at 1PM • $30 per 2 person team
Kids Bicycle Rodeo
5 Mile Cycle Ride
With Bicycle Police
Tri-States Got Talent Contest
$100 Cash & 4 Tickets to the Funny Bone Comedy Club
kids play area, Concessions & More!
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 213
- author: charlenadempsey
Vimeo results:
0:33
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixte...
published: 29 Apr 2011
author: eyeBOX
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixter.org/files/jlbrock44/31544
9:09
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window....
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Brent
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window.
3:40
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday ...
published: 22 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday of every month at Ritter Park.
3:15
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
published: 02 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
Youtube results:
4:36
Huntington Police Department Recruitment Video
...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Huntington Police Department Recruitment Video
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 3590
- author: charlenadempsey
7:46
Quadruple murder scene turned to house of hope, part 1 of 2
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They we...
published: 11 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Quadruple murder scene turned to house of hope, part 1 of 2
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They were shot in front of a house. Two years later, the house is being transformed. It's now called Hope House.
This story aired May 17, 2007, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Kristin Murdock is the producer
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 3890
- author: charlenadempsey
6:05
Quadruple murder scene turned to house of hope, part 2 of 2
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They we...
published: 11 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
Quadruple murder scene turned to house of hope, part 2 of 2
Four teens were murdered in Huntington in the early morning hours of May 22, 2005. They were shot in front of a house. Two years later, the house is being transformed. It's now called Hope House.
This story aired May 17, 2007, on the program "Outlook" on West Virginia PBS. Kristin Murdock is the producer.
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 1324
- author: charlenadempsey
2:54
WVU STEPS program
West Virginia University has recently added a new class room that is unlike any others. Th...
published: 11 Jan 2012
author: charlenadempsey
WVU STEPS program
West Virginia University has recently added a new class room that is unlike any others. The STEPS simulation center consists of four labs which allow students a real life chance to train with out jeopardizing patient safety.
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 114
- author: charlenadempsey
6:55
Godsmack/Awake.MOV
Godsmack Huntington WV 05/12/12 Intro + Awake...
published: 14 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Godsmack/Awake.MOV
Godsmack Huntington WV 05/12/12 Intro + Awake
- published: 14 May 2012
- views: 473
- author: 24wordlife
8:49
Staind '' RAW, Right Here '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
...
published: 14 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Staind '' RAW, Right Here '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- published: 14 May 2012
- views: 440
- author: 24wordlife
4:17
HALESTORM I miss the misery LIVE in Huntington WV
Um...AMAZING!!!!...
published: 14 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
HALESTORM I miss the misery LIVE in Huntington WV
Um...AMAZING!!!!
- published: 14 May 2012
- views: 217
- author: 24wordlife
4:17
Staind '' So Far Away '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
...
published: 14 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Staind '' So Far Away '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- published: 14 May 2012
- views: 111
- author: 24wordlife
3:34
Staind '' Something To Remind You '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
...
published: 15 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Staind '' Something To Remind You '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 113
- author: 24wordlife
4:53
Staind '' Outside '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
...
published: 15 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Staind '' Outside '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 112
- author: 24wordlife
8:17
Staind '' Eyes Wide Open, Spleen '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
...
published: 15 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Staind '' Eyes Wide Open, Spleen '' Live 5/12/12 Huntington WV, MASS CHAOS
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 118
- author: 24wordlife
3:29
Brookroyal - Hello
Brookroyal
Hello
There Was a Time EP
POPS Nightclub 11-13-10
www.ArchCityVideo.com
www.Bro...
published: 15 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Brookroyal - Hello
Brookroyal
Hello
There Was a Time EP
POPS Nightclub 11-13-10
www.ArchCityVideo.com
www.Brookroyal.com
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 1232
- author: 24wordlife
4:24
Godsmack Live 2012 Straight Out Of Line Huntington, West Virginia GOOD QUALITY
...
published: 15 May 2012
author: 24wordlife
Godsmack Live 2012 Straight Out Of Line Huntington, West Virginia GOOD QUALITY
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 935
- author: 24wordlife
Vimeo results:
0:33
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixte...
published: 29 Apr 2011
author: eyeBOX
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixter.org/files/jlbrock44/31544
9:09
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window....
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Brent
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window.
3:40
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday ...
published: 22 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday of every month at Ritter Park.
3:15
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
published: 02 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
1:24
Big Dipper, Camden Park '07
Big Dipper, Camden Park '07...
published: 09 Aug 2009
author: coastercubtx
Big Dipper, Camden Park '07
Big Dipper, Camden Park '07
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 14360
- author: coastercubtx
1:32
BIG DIPPER ROLLER COASTER RIDE
Ride on the Big Dipper roller coaster at Camden Park in Huntington, West Virginia, USA. Th...
published: 09 Aug 2009
author: coastercubtx
BIG DIPPER ROLLER COASTER RIDE
Ride on the Big Dipper roller coaster at Camden Park in Huntington, West Virginia, USA. The Big Dipper is one of the OLDEST wooden coasters in the WORLD!
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 39423
- author: coastercubtx
1:22
CAMDEN PARK HAUNTED HOUSE RIDE
Take a tour of the Camden Park Haunted House ride. Yes it's CHEESEY, OLD, NOT SCARY (Unles...
published: 09 Aug 2009
author: coastercubtx
CAMDEN PARK HAUNTED HOUSE RIDE
Take a tour of the Camden Park Haunted House ride. Yes it's CHEESEY, OLD, NOT SCARY (Unless your UNDER the age of 4) & rough, but it's a part of history and it's FUN!
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 113797
- author: coastercubtx
1:24
Camden Park - The "Bullseye"
Me and Brandi on the bulls eye at camden park, it was once the Rainbow...and it was pretti...
published: 09 Aug 2009
author: coastercubtx
Camden Park - The "Bullseye"
Me and Brandi on the bulls eye at camden park, it was once the Rainbow...and it was prettier then too.
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 8672
- author: coastercubtx
3:40
Camden Park - Train Ride
The train ride at Camden Park....
published: 09 Aug 2009
author: coastercubtx
Camden Park - Train Ride
The train ride at Camden Park.
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 3080
- author: coastercubtx
Vimeo results:
0:33
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixte...
published: 29 Apr 2011
author: eyeBOX
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixter.org/files/jlbrock44/31544
9:09
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window....
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Brent
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window.
3:40
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday ...
published: 22 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday of every month at Ritter Park.
3:15
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
published: 02 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
7:09
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 1 of 11
this is part 1 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 1 of 11
this is part 1 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 984
- author: ryebees
9:15
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 2 of 11
this is part 2 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 2 of 11
this is part 2 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 674
- author: ryebees
7:45
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 3 of 11
this is part 3 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 3 of 11
this is part 3 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 466
- author: ryebees
8:29
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 4 of 11
this is part 4 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 4 of 11
this is part 4 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 314
- author: ryebees
8:28
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 5 of 11
this is part 5 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 5 of 11
this is part 5 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 249
- author: ryebees
7:45
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 6 of 11
this is part 6 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 6 of 11
this is part 6 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 219
- author: ryebees
9:51
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 7 of 11
this is part 7 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on Apri...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 2002 part 7 of 11
this is part 7 of 11 of FUGAZI playing live at The Stoned Monkey in Huntington, WV on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 360
- author: ryebees
9:10
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 8 of 11
this is part 8 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on Ap...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 8 of 11
this is part 8 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 164
- author: ryebees
7:51
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 9 of 11
this is part 9 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on Ap...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 9 of 11
this is part 9 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 421
- author: ryebees
9:18
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 10 of 11
this is part 10 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on A...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 10 of 11
this is part 10 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 687
- author: ryebees
2:18
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 11 of 11
this is part 11 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on A...
published: 20 Feb 2011
author: ryebees
FUGAZI LIVE IN HUNTINGTON, WV 2002 part 11 of 11
this is part 11 of 11 of FUGAZI performing live in Huntington, WV @ the Stoned Monkey on April 5, 2002. i filmed the show, with permission.
- published: 20 Feb 2011
- views: 217
- author: ryebees
Vimeo results:
0:33
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixte...
published: 29 Apr 2011
author: eyeBOX
Huntington West Virginia - Lapse of Time
4.28.11 - Huntington, WV
Music by: spinningmerkaba - "Cut The Connection" http://ccmixter.org/files/jlbrock44/31544
9:09
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window....
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Brent
Four Days Over Huntington, West Virginia
This is a simple 4-day time-lapse from my office window.
3:40
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday ...
published: 22 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Critical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia, April 2012
This is the monthly Critical Mass of Huntington, West Virginia. It meets the third Friday of every month at Ritter Park.
3:15
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
published: 02 Apr 2012
author: Brent
Kidical Mass in Huntington, West Virginia on March 31, 2012
photo: AP / Aijaz Rahi
22 Dec 2012
Tweet. 0 Email. Report. Photo 1 of 18. In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics. She is an icon of fashion in her country. Credit. Aimee Kligman. In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics. She is an icon of fashion in her country.In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics ... Syrians detained by the Assad regime. 13 Photos ... 10 Photos ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: AP
23 Dec 2012
North Korea's launching of a rocket into space last week amounted to the test of a ballistic missile capable of carrying a half-ton payload over 10,000km, the South Korean defence ministry says. "Based on our analysis and simulation, the missile is capable of flying more than 10,000km with a warhead of 500-600kg," a defence ministry official told reporters on Sunday ... 415 Source.. Agencies. Share. Send Feedback. Featured on Al Jazeera. Jaws....(size: 18.8Kb)
photo: AP / Eranga Jayawardena
22 Dec 2012
Salman Khan's Dabangg 2 has broken the record for the biggest non-holiday opener ... "Biggest opener [holiday] #EkThaTiger 32.92 cr ... Biggest opener [non-holiday] #RowdyRathore 15.1 cr ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)
photo: AP / Altaf Qadri
23 Dec 2012
A commission will be set up to probe the gang-rape and torture of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi and measures to ensure such crimes do not recur while laws will be amended to enhance punishment for rape, Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde said . He also appealed the thousands of protesters on the capital’s streets, demanding justice for the victim, to withdraw ... “The government is serious on the issue. ... . . ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP / Virginie Nguyen Huang
23 Dec 2012
Tweet. Moscow, Dec 23 (IANS/RIA Novosti) Chemical weapons in Syria are under the control of the government, which has consolidated them in one or two locations, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said. "As of right now, the (Syrian) government is doing all it can to safeguard those weapons," he said. "We are following all leads concerning chemical weapons," Lavrov said ... "My answer is very simple. Why use us as a postman ... pm/ ... ) .. ). ... . ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
24 Dec 2012
In a sunny, wood-paneled, south-facing room on the second floor of the Huntington Art Gallery, visitors who've come to peruse the Flemish Madonnas and Constable landscapes, the cases of stately British silver and florid French porcelain, will happen upon something a little unusual over the next couple of months ... Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino....(size: 33.7Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
24 Dec 2012
Lauren May, 59, Clark Brothers' office manager, has worked at this emporium 50 miles west of Washington for nearly as long as her husband, Mitch ... What kind of change would be considered too much for gun enthusiasts is hard to say, especially in Virginia. In 2007, Seung-Hui Cho killed 32 people at Virginia Tech before committing suicide in the worst school shooting in American history ... Last week, Virginia Gov....(size: 32.9Kb)
Austin American Statesman
24 Dec 2012
— Virginia O’Hanlon, 115 West Ninety-Fifth Street. Virginia, your little friends are wrong ... All minds, Virginia, whether they be men’s or children’s, are little ... Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus ... Alas! how dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus! It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginias ... Is it all real? Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is nothing else real and abiding....(size: 5.5Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
24 Dec 2012
A bit like Santa crashing through the roof, snow is expected to make a not-entirely-welcome appearance across the U.S. on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day ... Christmas Day could include freezing rain in Arkansas, Virginia and West Virginia, as well as severe thunderstorms across the deep South, said ... Nor is the Pacific Northwest immune ... ALSO. ... Copyright © 2012,. 0 ... ... Los Angeles Times, 202 West 1st Street, Los Angeles, California, 90012 ....(size: 30.8Kb)
Austin American Statesman
24 Dec 2012
It’s time for our annual review of — i.e., apologies for — the college football predictions concerning the Texas Longhorns written in this space ... So here goes.. Then. Ash will start every game and will be drastically improved over last season. Now ... Fera did miss a 41-yarder in the three-point loss to West Virginia, and Jordan was wide on two big 25-yarders against TCU ... Texas will lose to West Virginia and Kansas State ... ....(size: 6.0Kb)
The Washington Times
24 Dec 2012
Follow @dsherfinski ... Executive Vice President and CEO Wayne LaPierre, answering questions for the first time since the Dec ... It’s the one thing that would keep people safe.”. “You can’t legislate morality,” he added ... Mr. LaPierre has tapped former Rep ... Joe Manchin III of West Virginia and Mark R. Warner of Virginia, have re-examined their views on so-called assault weapons in the wake of the Newtown shootings ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
Bloomberg
24 Dec 2012
Sandy, a “Frankenstorm” that stretched across 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers), raked New Jersey with 90 mile-per-hour gusts, swamped parts of New York with record 14-foot tides and dumped three feet of snow on West Virginia mountaintops ... crews in West Virginia trudged up mountain trails through waist-deep snow, dodging tree-limbs snapping under the ......(size: 9.6Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
24 Dec 2012
"The Naval Special Warfare family is deeply saddened by the loss of our teammate," said Captain Robert Smith, commander of Naval Special Warfare Group Two, which manages all Virginia-based US Navy SEAL teams....(size: 1.1Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
24 Dec 2012
... Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Search....(size: 15.8Kb)
Chicago Tribune
24 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A senior member of the U.S. Navy's elite SEAL unit has died in Afghanistan, the Defense Department said on Sunday, and media reports said the death was a possible suicide ... Price was assigned to a Naval Special Warfare unit in Virginia Beach, Virginia, the statement said ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
New York Daily News
24 Dec 2012
Robert Smith, Commander of Naval Special Warfare Group Two, which manages all Virginia-based Navy SEAL teams ... military official confirmed Price was from Virginia Beach, Va.-based SEAL Team 4, which is part of the mission to train Afghan local police to stave off the ......(size: 1.4Kb)
Daily Press
24 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A senior member of the U.S. Navy's elite SEAL unit has died in Afghanistan, the Defense Department said on Sunday, and media reports said the death was a possible suicide ... Price was assigned to a Naval Special Warfare unit in Virginia Beach, Virginia, the statement said ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
Daily Press
24 Dec 2012
Credit and Debt. Government Debt. Newport News (Newport News, Virginia). U.S. Navy. Fiscal Cliff ... Daily Press Eyewitness. Submit photos and videos from your mobile device ... * U.S. Tax revenue ... promote the general welfare, ..."; the shootings of innocent children at Columbine, Virginia Tech, a Quaker school in PA and now in Connecticut are not domestic tranquility or general welfare ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
| City of Huntington, West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
 |
|
| Nickname(s): The Jewel City, The River City | |
 |
|
| Coordinates: 38°25′15″N 82°25′25″W / 38.42083°N 82.42361°W / 38.42083; -82.42361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| Counties | Cabell, Wayne |
| Founded | 1775 |
| Incorporated | 1871 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Kim Wolfe (R) |
| Area | |
| • City | 18.0 sq mi (46.6 km2) |
| • Land | 15.9 sq mi (41.2 km2) |
| • Water | 2.1 sq mi (5.4 km2) |
| Elevation | 564 ft (172 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • City | 49,138 |
| • Density | 3,234.1/sq mi (1,248.4/km2) |
| • Metro | 286,012 |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP Code | 25701-25729, 25755, 25770-25779 |
| Area code(s) | 304 & 681 |
| FIPS code | 54-39460[1] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1540605[2] |
| Website | www.cityofhuntington.com |
Huntington, is a city in Cabell and Wayne counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia, along the Ohio River. Most of the city is in Cabell County, for which it is the county seat.[3] A small portion of the city, mainly the neighborhood of Westmoreland, is in Wayne County. Its population was 49,138 at the 2010 census.[4] Huntington is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of 2009, the MSA's population was 285,624. Huntington is the largest city within the MSA and the second largest city in West Virginia, behind Charleston. The city is also the home of Marshall University.
Contents |
History[link]
The city was named for Collis P. Huntington, who founded Huntington in 1870 as the western terminus for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) on the land west of the mouth of the Guyandotte River at the Ohio River. It was created as a railroad town for the C&O, when it initially stretched from Richmond, Virginia to the Ohio River. The city houses numerous railroad shops which expanded east to Newport News (and coal piers) and west to eventually reach Cincinnati and Chicago in the years after its founding.
The first permanent settlement in what is now modern-day Huntington was founded in 1775 as "Holderby's Landing."
Huntington was incorporated in 1871 near the earlier city of Guyandotte. Guyandotte, which became a neighborhood of Huntington in 1891, was founded in 1799 on land that was originally part of the 28,628-acre (115.85 km2) French and Indian War veteran's Savage Grant.[5] Meriwether Lewis passed the Guyandotte and Big Sandy River peninsula on or about September 20, 1803 on his way down the Ohio River before meeting up with William Clark in Clarksville, Indiana.
At the time of Huntington's founding, Holderby's Landing was already the home of Marshall College, a normal school that had been founded in 1837 as Marshall Academy by John Laidley in honor of his friend, US Supreme Court Chief Justice, John Marshall.[5] Originally, Marshall Academy was essentially a [[boarding school, for wealthy high school students. In 1857, the school became Marshall College, which in turn became a public institution in 1867. The college later became Marshall University in 1961 . Huntington is also now effectively a regional medical community – the two hospitals, St. Mary's and Cabell-Huntington Hospital, are the largest employers – and a university town, thanks to the presence of Marshall University, which has an enrollment of approximately 16,000 students.[6]
In the 1970s, federal urban renewal programs destroyed part of the downtown. However, in 2005 downtown again began to prosper with construction of the Pullman Square, retail and entertainment lifestyle center. The Harris Riverfront Park promenade is now well-attended along the Ohio River downtown.
Southern Airways Flight 932[link]
Main article: Southern Airways Flight 932
On November 14, 1970, a chartered Southern Airways McDonnell-Douglas DC-9 jet transporting 75 Marshall University football players, coaches, staff, and supporters crashed just short of the Tri-State Airport in adjoining Ceredo, West Virginia. Everyone on board was killed.
A movie titled We Are Marshall, starring Matthew McConaughey and Matthew Fox, was released locally on December 12, 2006, and nationally on December 22, 2006. The movie depicts the aftermath of the aviation disaster for the families and university.
Geography and climate[link]
File:Huntington Map.gif
Map of Huntington and vicinity.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.0 square miles (47 km2), of which, 15.9 square miles (41 km2) of it is land and 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) of it (11.51%) is water. The Guyandotte River joins the Ohio River in Huntington, about 5 mi (8 km) east of its downtown. Huntington fills the roughly three-mile wide flood plain of the south bank of the Ohio River for sixty city blocks and portions of the hills to the immediate south and southeast.
Due to its position in the westernmost and lowest altitude areas of the state, the city is on the northern limits of a warmer and milder Humid subtropical climate,[7] unlike the hilly uplands of West Virginia which are located in the Allegheny Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. Huntington is warmed by westerly winds from the Midwest, and made humid by the Ohio River, but avoids the bitter cold and high winds of the interior of West Virginia. Huntington enjoys temperate four seasons, with hot (70–90 degrees) summers and snowy (20–50 degrees) winters. Fall and spring tend to be cool and wet, but there are intermittent heat spells during the transition.
| Climate data for Huntington, West Virginia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 78 (26) |
80 (27) |
88 (31) |
104 (40) |
95 (35) |
98 (37) |
102 (39) |
103 (39) |
99 (37) |
93 (34) |
88 (31) |
80 (27) |
104 (40) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 41 (5) |
46.1 (7.8) |
56.3 (13.5) |
66.6 (19.2) |
74.6 (23.7) |
81.7 (27.6) |
85.1 (29.5) |
83.7 (28.7) |
77 (25) |
66.4 (19.1) |
55.1 (12.8) |
45.3 (7.4) |
64.9 (18.3) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 24.5 (−4.2) |
27.5 (−2.5) |
35.5 (1.9) |
43.7 (6.5) |
52.6 (11.4) |
60.9 (16.1) |
65.4 (18.6) |
64.1 (17.8) |
56.8 (13.8) |
44.8 (7.1) |
36.6 (2.6) |
28.9 (−1.7) |
45.1 (7.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −19 (−28) |
−9 (−23) |
−2 (−19) |
22 (−6) |
31 (−1) |
38 (3) |
47 (8) |
44 (7) |
35 (2) |
22 (−6) |
10 (−12) |
1 (−17) |
−19 (−28) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 3.31 (84.1) |
2.90 (73.7) |
3.70 (94) |
3.30 (83.8) |
4.46 (113.3) |
3.91 (99.3) |
4.38 (111.3) |
3.77 (95.8) |
2.72 (69.1) |
2.85 (72.4) |
3.19 (81) |
3.25 (82.6) |
41.72 (1,059.7) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 8.9 (22.6) |
7.5 (19.1) |
4.7 (11.9) |
0.8 (2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.1 (2.8) |
3.1 (7.9) |
26.2 (66.5) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 14.1 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 11.3 | 12.9 | 141.1 |
| Avg. snowy days | 7.0 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 4.1 | 21.7 |
| Source: The Weather Channel (records),[8] NOAA (normals, 1971–2000)[9] | |||||||||||||
Government and politics[link]
Huntington has, since 1985, operated under a strong mayor/city council form of government.[10] The mayor is elected to four-year terms in partisan elections contested at the same time as United States presidential elections. The current mayor is former Cabell County Sheriff Kim Wolfe, a Republican who is currently in his first term. Mayors in Huntington are term-limited to three terms[11] and have the authority to veto acts of the city council.
Huntington's city councilors are also elected to four-year terms at the same time as the mayor. There are eleven members of the council, nine of whom represent single-member districts, while the other two are elected at-large by the city as a whole. Huntington's city council has the authority to draft and debate ordinances and can override a mayoral veto with a two-thirds majority. There are currently nine Democrats and two Republicans on the city council.[12]
| District | City Council | District | City Council |
|---|---|---|---|
| District 1 | Jim Ritter (D) | District 7 | Scott Caserta (D) |
| District 2 | Teresa Loudermilk (D) | District 8 | Russ Houck (D) |
| District 3 | Frances Jackson (D) | District 9 | James Insco (D) |
| District 4 | Nate Randolph (R) | At Large | Steve Williams (D) |
| District 5 | Sandra Clements (D) | At Large | Rebecca Thacker (D) |
| District 6 | Mark Bates (R) |
The city also serves as the county seat of Cabell County.[3] The Cabell County Courthouse is located in downtown Huntington on a parcel that covers an entire city block. Within the building are the offices for all of the county's elected officials and their employees, including the sheriff, county commissioners, county clerk, magistrates, and Circuit Court judges.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1880 | 3,174 |
|
|
| 1890 | 10,108 | 218.5% | |
| 1900 | 11,923 | 18.0% | |
| 1910 | 31,161 | 161.4% | |
| 1920 | 50,177 | 61.0% | |
| 1930 | 75,572 | 50.6% | |
| 1940 | 78,836 | 4.3% | |
| 1950 | 86,353 | 9.5% | |
| 1960 | 83,627 | −3.2% | |
| 1970 | 74,315 | −11.1% | |
| 1980 | 63,684 | −14.3% | |
| 1990 | 54,844 | −13.9% | |
| 2000 | 51,475 | −6.1% | |
| 2010 | 49,138 | −4.5% | |
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 51,475 people, 22,955 households, and 12,235 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,234.1 people per square mile (1,248.4/km²). There were 25,888 housing units at an average density of 1,626.5 per square mile (627.9/km²). The ethnic makeup of the city was 89.61% White, 7.49% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.
There were 22,955 households out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.7% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the city the population was spread out with 17.7% under the age of 18, 17.5% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $23,234, and the median income for a family was $34,756. Males had a median income of $30,040 versus $21,198 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,717. About 17.5% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.8% of those under the age of 18 and 12.5% of those 65 and older.
Institutions[link]
File:Smmc-heart-er.jpg
St. Mary's Medical Center's new regional heart institute and emergency department.
Huntington is home to several medical centers. St. Mary's Medical Center and Cabell Huntington Hospital provide healthcare for Huntington and the surrounding metropolitan area. St. Mary's and Cabell-Huntington are jointly designated as the only trauma center in the region. St. Mary's is home to a regional heart institute, regional cancer center and regional neuroscience center. The Marshall University Medical Center is located at Cabell-Huntington. In addition, the Marshall University Medical School, now known as the Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine in honor of Joan C. Edwards, a major benefactor, has a comprehensive cancer care center. It is also a distinguished leader nationwide for rural health care delivery.
The Huntington Veteran's Administration (VA) Medical Center, located on Spring Valley Drive, is an 80-bed medical and surgical care facility that offers primary inpatient and outpatient care, along with mental health services and subspeciality outpatient options. It is also the primary teaching facility for the Marshall University School of Medicine and is also affiliated with the Pikeville College School of Osteopathic Medicine. In 1993, the Robert C. Byrd Clinical Addition expanded the hospital's surgery, radiology, laboratory, cardiology, nuclear medicine, and rehabilitation services and renovated inpatient care facilities. In 1998, a $10 million research facility was completed.[13]
The city is also home to the state's largest psychiatric hospital, Mildred Mitchell-Bateman Hospital.
A banking and commerce center for the area between 1880 and the present, Huntington developed along the river's shore with its 19th-century urban industry. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad had its western terminus in Huntington and railroad tracks bifurcate the city today. The railroad was historically the leading Huntington industry, along with coal, railcars, nickel, steel and glass.
Public health issues[link]
A report issued by the Centers for Disease Control August 15, 2008, using survey data from 2006, reported that Huntington is among the unhealthiest cities in America. The survey found that 24.3% of adults 18 years-of-age or older reported themselves as in poor to fair health.[14] The survey also found that 48.1% of residents over 65 years of age in the Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio statistical area had all their natural teeth extracted. In addition, the CDC reports that 45.5% of adults over the age of 20 years are obese. 21.6% of adults over 45 years of age reported a diagnosis of coronary heart disease while another 12.7% of adults aged 18 or older reported a diagnosis of diabetes. An Associated Press article describes lifestyle and cultural barriers as obstacles to better public health.[15] As examples, the article describes local eating habits (the number of pizza shops in Huntington alone exceeding the total number of health clubs available in the entire state of West Virginia), the relatively sedentary culture, and poor education as causes for health issues described in the CDC report. In an MSNBC report published November 16, 2008, Huntington was rated as the unhealthiest city in the United States. The study took into consideration obesity rates, toothlessness and levels of healthcare.[16]
Despite the high levels of obesity, the lack of basic dental care, and some of the highest incidents of diabetes and heart disease in the United States, Huntington city leaders have not identified the general unhealthy population as a significant problem. Former Huntington Mayor, David Felinton, has said, referring to the Huntington's public health problems, "It doesn't come up."[16]
As a consequence of Huntington's high rates of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease, Huntington was selected by Jamie Oliver to be the location of his television series, Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution.
Economy[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121224031955/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Main article: Cityscape of Huntington, West Virginia
Huntington has a central business district, located directly south of the Ohio River, east of the Robert C. Byrd Bridge, and west of 11th Street. It has another smaller business district, known as "Old Central City," that is well known for its antique shops. There are several heavy industrial plants that line the Ohio River and the Guyandotte River.
The city also has a wealth of architecture, most of it constructed at a time when Huntington was dominated by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The city can also lay claim to a new urban renewal stance, brought on by Heritage Village, Pullman Square, and the continued investment in numerous downtown properties. Offshoots of the Pullman Square project include the renovation of many historical structures along 3rd Avenue, a new 9th Street Plaza, and the Old Main Corridor project.[17]
Huntington is also home to Heiner's Bakery. Founded in 1905, Heiner's employs nearly 500 people in its 130,000-square-foot (12,000 m2) facility. The company's products are sold under the Heiner's and Sara Lee names in grocery, retail, and convenience stores.[18]
Huntington is still a base for the metal working and welding trades with the repair of rail road rolling stock, barges, and river boat equipment. Major fabricating firms -- such as Huntington Special Metals, West Virginia Steel, Martin Steel, Huntington Plating, Richwood Industries, and Hammers Industries -- serve the railroads, river transportation, steel making, coal, oil, natural gas, electrical, windpower, biofuel, and other important industries.
Neighborhoods[link]
The city is divided into several neighborhoods,[19] including:
- Altizer
- Downtown
- Fairfield
- Guyandotte
- Highlawn
- Southeast Hills
- Southside
- Walnut Hills
- West End/Old Central City
- Westmoreland
Culture[link]
Annual events and fairs[link]
Huntington is home to numerous unique events and fairs held throughout the year.
| Name | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| St. George Greek Festival | St. George Greek Orthodox Church 701 11th Ave. Huntington, WV 25701 | September 24–26, 2010 | A festival with Greek food, music, and dancing.[20] |
| Chilifest | Downtown district – 4th Avenue and Plaza | September 15–17 | State championship is held every year, with chili cooks coming from West Virginia and other states to compete for a berth in the national competition. |
| Tsubasacon | Big Sandy Superstore Arena | first full weekend in October; 2011 dates are October 7–9 | An anime convention featuring guests, a game room, a vendor room, panels, and special events.[21] |
| Guyandotte Civil War Days | Guyandotte | Early-November | This festival features arts and crafts, food, and entertainment.[22] |
| Guyandotte Heritage Days | Guyandotte | November | This historic-themed festival features reenactment of the Confederate raid and the Union reprisal. It features period music, museums, 'living histories', and craft displays. |
| Hilltop Festival | Huntington Museum of Art | 2nd weekend in September | This event offers entertainment, children's activities, a petting zoo, book fair, arts and crafts, and concessions. |
| X-Fest | Harris Riverfront Park | Within the first 3 weeks of September | Rock/alternative music concert that allows local bands to play with bigger bands. |
| Huntington Music & Arts Festival | Ritter Park Amphitheater | Last Saturday in August | Festival centered around local and regional music and visual artists |
| Huntington Dogwood Arts and Crafts Festival | Big Sandy Superstore Arena | April | This features the demonstration and sale of traditional arts and crafts plus specialty ethnic foods. |
| Jazz-MU-Tazz | Marshall University | June | A summer jazz festival, it is a weekend of music that features jazz cabarets, outdoor concerts, and numerous activities. |
| Lions Tri-State Arts & Crafts Festival | Big Sandy Superstore Arena | 1st weekend in December | An old-fashioned arts and crafts fair that includes over 200 exhibitors featuring a variety of arts and crafts and homemade foods and sweets. |
| Old Central City Days | Central City district in West Huntington | 3rd weekend in June | This event offers numerous entertainment and shopping options in addition to the existing stock of storefronts, historic tours, and various food vendors at the new farmers market "depot." |
| Pilot Club of Huntington's Antique Show and Sale | Big Sandy Superstore Arena | Last complete weekend in September. | An antique show and sale that features more than 40 dealers representing more than 10 states and West Virginia. |
| Ritter Park Days | Ritter Park | Weekends in July and August. | Features children-based activities and programs. |
| West Virginia Day Celebration | Downtown district – 9th Street Plaza | June 20 | This features live entertainment, jugglers, food, crafts, and more. |
| St. Patrick's Day Celebration | Downtown Huntington | March 14 | This features live entertainment by musical and dance groups appropriate for St. Patrick's Day. |
| West Virginia Hot Dog Festival | Pullman Square district – 3rd Avenue, downtown Huntington | Last Saturday in July | The WV Hot Dog Festival celebrates the unique variations of local/regional hot dogs |
Historical structures and museums[link]
Huntington is home to the "Central City" historic district in downtown, and is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is loosely bound by 3rd Ave to the North, 5th Ave to the South, 10th St to the East, and 6th–7th Sts, to the West.
Old Main at Marshall University, sits on Hal Greer Boulevard at 4th Avenue, in the Highlawn District, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Trustees of Marshall Academy purchased the land at Maple Grove for $40 in 1839. The building has been renovated several times. The 1870 renovation is the earliest section of Old Main to survive to the present.[23]
The Huntington Museum of Art is located in the hills above Ritter Park, featuring numerous collections and exhibitions; it is also home to the C. Fred Edwards Conservatory.
The Museum of Radio and Technology is located near the west end of the park in a renovated elementary school. The Cabell County Courthouse and the Carnegie Library in the downtown also hold historical interests.
The Keith-Albee Theatre, a former Vaudeville palace in the "Art Deco" style from the 1920s, is one of the architectural masterpieces of downtown Huntington, located along 4th Avenue. It is currently being renovated to become one of the state's largest performing arts centers.
One block south, 5th Avenue is noted for its many historical church buildings. The city is also the site of an Adena Native American burial mound.
Traditional "drive-in" restaurants and hot dog stands are popular in the city.
Parks and outdoor attractions[link]
Main article: Recreation in Huntington, West Virginia
See also: Pink bridge
Huntington is home to eleven parks located in the neighborhoods of Huntington, the most visible being Harris Riverfront Park in the downtown and Ritter Park. Camden Park, an amusement park, is also adjacent to the city. Camden Park is West Virginia's only amusement park. The park has been open since 1903.[24] Pullman Square features many restaurants and shops and a stage for live performances.
The city's primary public recreation center is Ritter Park (named for Charles L. Ritter who donated the land). The park area encompasses a walking and cycling path, tennis courts, an outdoor amphitheater, a multi-terraced rose garden, and a stone-tiered reflecting pond built by the Works Progress Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps in the late 1930s. Four Pole Creek runs the entire length of Ritter Park and is crossed by numerous wooden and stone footbridges. Huntington is in the process of building the town's first dog park in Ritter Park. After trying for years to accrue donations to break ground, Huntington entered and won the Pet Safe Bark For Your Park contest which donated $100,000 to build a local dog park. The ground breaking ceremony was held on August 18, 2011. The dog park will be located on three acres of land connected to Ritter Park and plans to be opened in the summer of 2012.[25]
Sports[link]
Huntington's sports scene is dominated by Marshall University athletics and high school/amateur sports. It was also home to the Huntington Blizzard, an ECHL ice-hockey team that was in existence from 1993 to 2000 at the Big Sandy Superstore Arena, the Huntington Heroes indoor football team in the AIFA from 2006 to 2008, and a succession of minor league baseball teams in the 1990s at St. Cloud Commons.
Starting in 2011, the Huntington Hammer will play at the Big Sandy Superstore Arena as a member of the Ultimate Indoor Football League.
Media[link]
Print[link]
Huntington has one of West Virginia's largest daily circulating newspapers, The Herald-Dispatch, with an average weekday circulation of just over 25,000.[citation needed] The paper is owned by Champion Industries.
Television[link]
| Call sign | Channel | Description |
|---|---|---|
| WOWK | 13 | CBS affiliate broadcasting from both Huntington/Charleston |
| WPBY | 33–34 | West Virginia Public Broadcasting |
| WSAZ | 3 | NBC affiliate broadcasting from Huntington |
| WCHS | 8 | ABC affiliated station broadcasting from Charleston. |
| WQCW | 30 | CW affiliated station from Portsmouth, Ohio. |
| WVAH | 11 | Fox affiliate broadcasted from Charleston. |
Radio[link]
- Note: These are the only stations that are licensed to the city of Huntington.
| Call sign | Frequency | Format | Description / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| WMUL | 88.1 FM | College Radio | This is operated by Marshall University. |
| WVPN | 89.9 FM | NPR | West Virginia Public Radio |
| WCMI-FM | 92.7 FM | Rock 92.7 FM and 98.5 FM, The Planet "The Real Rock Station," | Kindred Communications, Huntington, WV |
| WCMI-AM | ESPN 1340 AM, WCMI-AM, | Kindred Communications, Catlettsburg, KY | |
| WDGG | 93.7 FM | Country | Kindred Communications, Huntington, WV |
| WBVB | 97.1 FM | Greatest Hits | B97.1 "The Tri-State's Greatest Hits" |
| WMGA | 97.9 FM | AC | Connoisseur Media; Huntington, WV |
| WKEE | 100.5 FM | Top 40 | 100.5 WKEE |
| WRXV | 101.5 FM | Classic rock | 101.5 BOB FM "BOB Plays Everything." |
| WTCR | 103.3 FM | Country | WTCR (AM) 1420/FOX Sports is licensed to Kenova, West Virginia |
| WKLC | 105.1 FM | Rock | Rock 105 "Everything That Rocks." |
| WAMX-FM | 106.3 FM | Rock | |
| WEMM-FM | 107.9 FM | Southern Gospel | Southern Gospel/Teaching "Gospel 107.9" |
| WVHU | 800 AM | News/Talk | News Talk 800 & 1600 (simulcast) |
| WRVC (AM) | 930 AM/94.1 FM | News radio Talk (6 a.m-4 p.m.) ESPN: 4 p.m.-6 a.m. M-F, All weekend | Kindred Communications, Huntington, WV. |
| WEMM | 1200 AM | Southern Gospel | Southern Gospel and Patriotic Music |
Education[link]
The residents of Huntington are served by the Cabell County School System, which includes Huntington High School, Cabell Midland High School, Cabell County Career Technology Center, five middle schools, and 19 elementary schools. Huntington is also home to colleges and universities including Marshall University, Mountwest Community & Technical College, the Robert C. Byrd Institute, the Huntington Junior College, and the Tri-State Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences.[26]
The Cabell County Public Library system operates a main branch downtown and seven branches in neighboring towns.
Infrastructure[link]
Roads[link]
Main article: Roads of Huntington, West Virginia
Huntington is located along Interstate 64, which skirts the city to the south. It has four interchanges that serve the city: US 52 (West Huntington Expressway), WV 152/WV 527, WV 10, and US 60.
US 60, part of the historic Midland Trail, runs through the entire length of Huntington from west to east, cutting through West Huntington, downtown, East Huntington, and along the Guyandotte River. US 52 cuts through West Huntington along the West Huntington Expressway, but its presence is brief. It has an interchange at Madison Avenue and one for US 60.
The city is the northern terminus for WV 10, a scenic highway that follows the Guyandotte River for much of its length and connects Huntington to Princeton. It is also the southern terminus of WV 2, which parallels the entirety of West Virginia's section of the Ohio River, and facilitates much traffic towards Point Pleasant and Parkersburg.
Huntington utilizes a grid-like street pattern featuring several wide boulevard-style avenues that run east and west. Most notable of these are 3rd and 5th Avenues. The city has a numbered street naming system, with avenues running east and west (parallel to the Ohio River) and streets running north and south.
The city has connections over the Ohio River to Proctorville, Ohio via the East Huntington Bridge, and to Chesapeake, Ohio via the Robert C. Byrd Bridge and the West Huntington Bridge.
Rail[link]
See also: Huntington (Amtrak station)
Since its founding as the western terminus of the C&O Railroad, Huntington has served as a major break of bulk point between rail traffic and the Ohio River/Mississippi River watershed. Much of the coal mined in southern West Virginia is brought to Huntington by train to be transshipped and then transported by river barges to industrial centers in other parts of the United States. CSX, the successor company to C&O, continues to maintain a regional office, a rail yard, a freight car light repair shop and a locomotive heavy repair facility in the city.[citation needed]
The city was once a hub for passenger rail service in the region, but accounts for a significantly smaller portion of rail traffic than in the early decades of the 20th century. Huntington, however, has an Amtrak station that lies on the Cardinal line running between New York City and Chicago via Washington, D.C. and Cincinnati.[27]
Bus[link]
Tri-State Transit Authority provides fixed-route bus service throughout Huntingon and Ironton, Ohio.
River[link]
File:OhioRiverHuntWVBCBB.jpg
The Ohio River looking upstream from the Robert C. Byrd Bridge
The Port of Huntington-Tristate is the largest inland port in the United States in both in terms of total tonnage and ton-miles.[28] This is due in large part to the coal traffic from the railroads and the petroleum products produced by the Marathon Petroleum Company oil refinery in nearby Catlettsburg, Kentucky that use the Port of Huntington/Tri-State to load their products onto barges.
Air[link]
Tri-State Airport, located southwest of the city, is a public airport with two runways. Commercial air service is provided by three airlines: Allegiant Air, Delta Connection and US Airways Express.
Notable people[link]
- "Big Ben" Bowen: a child who raised awareness of childhood cancer
- William C. Campbell: golfer & twice president of the United States Golf Association
- Don Chafin: The sheriff of Logan County, and a commander in the Battle of Blair Mountain
- Justice M. Chambers: Medal of Honor recipient
- Larry Coyer: NFL and college football coach, currently Defensive Coordinator with the Indianapolis Colts
- Dagmar: 1950s television personality
- Brad Dourif: Academy Award-nominated actor
- Joan C. Edwards: singer, entrepreneur
- Delos Carleton Emmons: Lieutenant General, US Army Air Force
- Robert E. Femoyer: Medal of Honor recipient
- David Ginsburg: (1912–2010), presidential adviser and executive director of the Kerner Commission.[29]
- Hal Greer: former professional basketball player
- Jim Grobe: college football coach, currently with Wake Forest University
- Chase Harrison: professional soccer player
- Henry D. Hatfield: former governor of West Virginia
- Hawkshaw Hawkins: Country music singer
- Eloise Hughes Smith: survivor of the RMS Titanic
- Jackie Hunt: College Football Hall of Fame member
- Albert G. Jenkins: Confederate Brigadier General
- Katie Lee Joel: celebrity and television personality
- Craig Johnson: novelist
- Shane Keister: studio musician, writer, arranger, and producer
- Carwood Lipton: WW2 military officer, prominently featured in the book and television series Band of Brothers
- Peter Marshall: actor, singer, television personality and game show host
- O. J. Mayo: Memphis Grizzlies basketball player
- Jeff Morrison: professional tennis player
- Dwight Morrow: businessman, politician and diplomat
- Patrick Patterson: Former University of Kentucky and current Houston Rockets basketball player
- Rick Reed: former major league baseball pitcher
- Soupy Sales: comedian
- Michael W. Smith: singer
- Ruth C. Sullivan: co-founder of Autism Society of America, founder of the Autism Services Center in Huntington
- Jim Thornton: current Wheel of Fortune announcer
- Bill Walker: New York Knicks basketball player.
- Kayla Williams: US gymnast, World Vault Gold Medalist
- Carter G. Woodson: founder of Black History Month
- Steve Yeager: former major league baseball catcher
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in West Virginia, Listed Alphabetically: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009.. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
- ^ a b City of Huntington. "Huntington History". http://www.cityofhuntington.com/pages/history.html.
- ^ Marshall University Admissions. "Admissions frequently asked questions". http://www.marshall.edu/admissions/faq.htm. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
- ^ "Charleston-Huntington Climate Summary – Eyewitness News Storm Team Weather". Wchstv.com. http://www.wchstv.com/newsroom/wx/climatesummary.shtml. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Huntington, WV – Temperature and Precipitation". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/fitness/wxclimatology/monthly/USWV0358. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
- ^ "Climatography of the United States No. 20 (1971–2000)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2004. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/va/448906.pdf. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
- ^ The Associated Press (March 27, 2006). "Huntington Charter". http://wowktv.com/story.cfm?func=viewstory&storyid=9721. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
- ^ "Incumbent Felinton wins tight race", The Herald-Dispatch, May 13, 2008.
- ^ Clerk of Cabell County (November 4, 2008). "2008 Cabell County Election Results". http://www.huntingtonnews.net/local/el45.html. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
- ^ "Huntington VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran Affairs". http://www1.va.gov/directory/guide/facility.asp?ID=749&dnum=ALL&map=1. Retrieved 10 October 2006.
- ^ Surveillance of Certain Health Behaviors and Conditions Among States and Selected Local Areas --- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), United States, 2006 [1]
- ^ W. Virginia town shrugs at poorest health ranking[dead link]
- ^ a b "W. Virginia town shrugs at being fattest city - Health - Health care - msnbc.com". MSNBC. November 17, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27697364/. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ^ "Huntington: Economy – Major Industries and Commercial Activity". City-data.com. http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-South/Huntington-Economy.html. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ^ Heiner's Bakery. "About Us". http://www.heinersbakery.com/about.html.
- ^ City of Huntington. "Touring Huntington". http://www.cityofhuntington.com/pages/tour-home.html.
- ^ "St. George Orthodox Church". Stgeorgehwv.org. http://www.stgeorgehwv.org/festival. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ^ "Tsubasacon 2011 – October 7,8,9". Tsubasacon.org. http://www.tsubasacon.org/. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ^ "Guyandotte Civil War Days". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on April 25, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050425101455/http://www.geocities.com/guyandottecwdays/home.html. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ^ Marshall University. "Old Main History". http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/old_main/history.asp.
- ^ http://www.camdenpark.com/
- ^ http://www.barkforyourpark.com/
- ^ Tri-State Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- ^ Amtrak. "Cardinal/Hoosier State". http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Route/Horizontal_Route_Page&c=am2Route&cid=1081256321680&ssid=134. Retrieved June 17, 2006.
- ^ Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. "Top twenty inland ports for 2003". http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/wcsc/pdf/inlandport03f.pdf. Retrieved June 17, 2006.
- ^ Grimes, William. "David Ginsburg, Longtime Washington Insider, Dies at 98", The New York Times, May 25, 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
External links[link]
- City of Huntington
- City of Huntington's History
- Cabell-Huntington Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Marshall University
- The Greater Huntington Park and Recreation District
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – Huntington District
- Huntington during the 1937 flood
- Huntington Data
- Huntington Junior College
Coordinates: 38°24′47″N 82°26′01″W / 38.413033°N 82.433642°W / 38.413033; -82.433642
http://wn.com/Huntington,_West_Virginia
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Huntington (Virginia Occidentale)
http://id.wn.com/Huntington, Virginia Barat
http://es.wn.com/Huntington (Virginia Occidental)
http://ru.wn.com/Хантингтон (Западная Виргиния)
http://nl.wn.com/Huntington (West Virginia)
http://pt.wn.com/Huntington (Virgínia Ocidental)
http://pl.wn.com/Huntington (Wirginia Zachodnia)
http://fr.wn.com/Huntington (Virginie-Occidentale)
http://de.wn.com/Huntington (West Virginia)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington,_West_Virginia
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of West Virginia. For other uses, see West Virginia (disambiguation).
| State of West Virginia | |||||
|
|||||
| Nickname(s): Mountain State | |||||
| Motto(s): Montani semper liberi (Mountaineers Are Always Free) | |||||
 |
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| Official language(s) | none (de facto English) | ||||
| Demonym | West Virginian | ||||
| Capital | Charleston | ||||
| Largest city | Charleston (Capital) | ||||
| Largest metro area | Charleston metro area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 41st in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 24,230 sq mi (62,755 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 130 miles (210 km) | ||||
| - Length | 240 miles (385 km) | ||||
| - % water | 0.6 | ||||
| - Latitude | 37° 12′ N to 40° 39′ N | ||||
| - Longitude | 77° 43′ W to 82° 39′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 37th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 1,855,364 (2011 est)[1] | ||||
| - Density | 77.1/sq mi (29.8/km2) Ranked 29th in the U.S. |
||||
| - Median household income | $38,029 (48th) | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Spruce Knob[2][3][4] 4,862 ft (1482 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 1,500 ft (460 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Potomac River at Virginia border[3][4] 240 ft (73 m) |
||||
| Before statehood | Virginia | ||||
| Admission to Union | June 20, 1863 (35) | ||||
| Governor | Earl Ray Tomblin (D) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Jeff Kessler (D) | ||||
| Legislature | West Virginia Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Delegates | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Jay Rockefeller (D) Joe Manchin (D) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 1: David McKinley (R) 2: Shelley Moore Capito (R) 3: Nick Rahall (D) (list) |
||||
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 | ||||
| Abbreviations | WV US-WV | ||||
| Website | wv.gov | ||||
West Virginia (i/ˌwɛst vərˈdʒɪnjə/) is a state in the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east. West Virginia is the 41st most extensive and the 37th most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions and broke away from Virginia during the American Civil War. The new state was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key Civil War border state. West Virginia was the only state to form by seceding from a Confederate state, and was one of two states formed during the American Civil War (the other one being Nevada, which separated from Utah Territory).
The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers[5] classify West Virginia as part of the South. The northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio, with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, while Bluefield is less than 70 miles (110 km) from North Carolina. Huntington in the southwest is close to the states of Ohio and Kentucky, while Martinsburg and Harpers Ferry in the Eastern Panhandle region are considered to be a part of the Washington metropolitan area, in between the states of Maryland and Virginia. The unique position of West Virginia means that it is often included in several geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. Notably, it is the only state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission; the area is commonly defined as "Appalachia".[6]
The state is noted for its mountains and diverse topography, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries, and its political and labor history. It is one of the most densely karstic areas in the world, making it a choice area for recreational caving and scientific research. The karst lands contribute to much of the state's cool trout waters. It is also known for a wide range of outdoor recreational opportunities, including skiing, whitewater rafting, fishing, hiking, mountain biking and hunting.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of West Virginia
Located in the Appalachian Mountain range, West Virginia covers an area of 24,229.76 square miles (62,754.8 km2), with 24,077.73 square miles (62,361.0 km2) of land and 152.03 square miles (393.8 km2) of water, making it the 41st-largest state in the United States.[7] West Virginia borders Pennsylvania and Maryland in the northeast, Virginia in the southeast, Ohio in the northwest, and Kentucky in the southwest. Its longest border is with Virginia at 381 miles, followed by Ohio at 243 miles, Maryland 174 miles, Pennsylvania 118 miles and Kentucky at 79 miles.[8]
Geology and terrain[link]
Main article: Geology of West Virginia
West Virginia is located entirely within the Appalachian Region, and the state is almost entirely mountainous, giving reason to the nickname The Mountain State and the motto Montani Semper Liberi ("Mountaineers are always free.") The elevations and ruggedness drop near large rivers like the Ohio River or Shenendoah River. About 75% of the state is within the Cumberland Plateau and Allegheny Plateau regions. Though the relief is not high, the plateau region is extremely rugged in most areas. The average elevation of West Virginia is approximately 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level, which is the highest of any US state east of the Mississippi River.
On the eastern state line with Virginia, high peaks in the Monongahela National Forest region give rise to an island of colder climate and ecosystems similar to those of northern New England and eastern Canada. The highest point in the state is atop Spruce Knob, at 4,863 ft (1,482 m),[9] and is covered in a boreal forest of dense spruce trees at altitudes above 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Spruce Knob lies within the Monongahela National Forest and is a part of the Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area.[10] A total of six wilderness areas can also be found within the forest. Outside the forest to the south, the New River Gorge is a 1,000 feet (300 m) deep canyon carved by the New River. The National Park Service manages a portion of the gorge and river that has been designated as the New River Gorge National River, one of only 15 rivers in the U.S. with this level of protection.
Other areas under protection and management include:
Most of West Virginia lies within the Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests ecoregion, while the higher elevations along the eastern border and in the panhandle lie within the Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests. The native vegetation for most of the state was originally mixed hardwood forest of oak, chestnut, maple, beech, and white pine, with willow and American sycamore along the state's waterways. Many of the areas are rich in biodiversity and scenic beauty, a fact that is appreciated by native West Virginians, who refer to their home as Almost Heaven (from the song, "Take Me Home, Country Roads") by John Denver. Before the song, it was known as "The Cog State" (Coal, Oil, and Gas) or "The Mountain State."
The underlying rock strata are sandstone, shale, bituminous coal beds, and limestone laid down in a near shore environment from sediments derived from mountains to the east, in a shallow inland sea on the west. Some beds illustrate a coastal swamp environment, some river delta, some shallow water. Sea level rose and fell many times during the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian eras, giving a variety of rock strata. The Appalachian Mountains are some of the oldest on earth, having formed over 300 million years ago.[11]
Climate[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) |
Further information: Climate change in West Virginia
| West Virginia state-wide averages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The climate of West Virginia is a humid subtropical climate (Koppen climate classification Cfa) in some of the lower elevations, primarily in the southwestern portion of the state (including Huntington and Charleston), along with parts of the Eastern Panhandle east of the Appalachians with hot, humid summers and milder winters. The rest of the state generally has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa, except Dfb at the higher elevations) with warm to hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters, increasing in severity with elevation. Some southern highland areas also have a mountain temperate climate (Koppen Cfb) where winter temperatures are more moderate and summer temperatures are somewhat cooler. However, the weather is subject in all parts of the state to change. The hardiness zones range from zone 5b in the central Appalachian mountains to zone 7a in the warmest parts of the lowest elevations.[12] In the Eastern Panhandle and the Ohio River Valley, temperatures are warm enough to see and grow subtropical plants such as Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), Crepe Myrtle, Albizia julibrissin, American Sweetgum and even the occasional needle palm and sabal minor. These plants do not thrive as well in other parts of the state. The Eastern prickly pear grows well in many portions of the state.
Average January temperatures range from around 26 °F (−4 °C) near the Cheat River to 41 °F (5 °C) along sections of the border with Kentucky. July averages range from 67 °F (19 °C) along the North Branch Potomac River to 76 °F (24 °C) in the western part of the state. It is cooler in the mountains than in the lower sections of the state.[13] The highest recorded temperature in the state is 112 °F (44 °C) at Martinsburg on July 10, 1936 and the lowest recorded temperature in the state is −37 °F (−38 °C) at Lewisburg on December 30, 1917.
Annual precipitation ranges from less than 32 inches (81 cm) in the lower eastern section to more than 56 inches (140 cm) in higher parts of the Allegheny Front. Slightly more than half the rainfall occurs from April to September. Dense fogs are common in many valleys of the Kanawha section, especially the Tygart Valley. West Virginia is also one of the cloudiest states in the nation, with the cities of Elkins and Beckley ranking 9th and 10th in the U.S. respectively for the number of cloudy days per year (over 210). In addition to persistent cloudy skies caused by the damming of moisture by the Alleghenies, West Virginia also experiences some of the most frequent precipitation in the nation, with Snowshoe averaging nearly 200 days a year with either rain or snow. Snow usually lasts only a few days in the lower sections but may persist for weeks in the higher mountain areas. An average of 34 inches (86 cm) of snow falls annually in Charleston, although during the winter of 1995–1996 more than three times that amount fell as several cities in the state established new records for snowfall. Average snowfall in the Allegheny Highlands can range up to 180 inches (460 cm) per year. Severe weather is somewhat less prevalent in West Virginia than in most other eastern states, and it ranks among the least tornado-prone states east of the Rockies.
History[link]
Main article: History of West Virginia
Many ancient man-made earthen mounds from various prehistoric mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of a village societies. They had a tribal trade system culture that crafted cold worked copper pieces.
The Iroquois drove out other Native American tribes from the area to reserve the upper Ohio Valley as a hunting ground after the Beaver Wars further east. Other indigenous tribes had occupied the area before them: the Osage and other Siouan-language tribes migrated west across the Mississippi River to escape the warfare.
The area now occupied by West Virginia was contested territory among European Americans as well, with the colonies of Pennsylvania and Virginia claiming territorial rights before the American Revolutionary War. Some speculative land companies, such as the Vandalia Company,[14] and later the Ohio Company and Indiana Company, tried to legitimize their claims to land in parts of West Virginia and Kentucky, but failed. With the settlement of the Pennsylvania and Virginia border dispute, which resulted in the creation of Kentucky, Kentuckians "were satisfied [...], and the inhabitants of a large part of West Virginia were grateful."[15]
West Virginia was originally part of the British Virginia Colony (from 1607 to 1776) and the western part of the state of Virginia (from 1776 to 1863). Long discontented with electoral malapportionment and underrepresentation in the state legislature, its residents became sharply divided over the issue of secession from the Union. Residents of western and northern counties set up a separate government under Francis Pierpont in 1861, which they called the "restored" government. Most voted to separate from Virginia, and the new state was admitted to the Union in 1863. In 1864 a state constitutional convention drafted a constitution, which was ratified by the legislature without putting it to popular vote. West Virginia abolished slavery and temporarily disfranchised men who had held Confederate office or fought for the Confederacy.
West Virginia's history has been profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, numerous and vast river valleys, and rich natural resources. These were all factors driving its economy and the lifestyles of residents, and remain so today.
Prehistory[link]
For more details on this topic, see Prehistory of West Virginia.
Further information: Protohistory of West Virginia
A 2010 analysis of a local stalagmite revealed that native Americans were burning forests to clear land as early as 100 BC.[16] Some regional late-prehistoric Eastern Woodland tribes were more involved in hunting and fishing, practicing the slash and burn Eastern Agricultural Complex gardening method.[clarification needed] Another group progressed to the more time-consuming, advanced companion crop fields method of gardening. Also continuing from ancient indigenous people of the state, field space and time was given to tobacco growing through to early historic.
"Maize (corn) did not make a substantial contribution to the diet until after 1150 B.P.", to quote Mills (OSU 2003). Eventually, tribal villages began relying heavily on corn to feed their turkey flocks, as Kanawha Fort Ancients practiced bird husbandry. The local Indians made corn bread and a flat rye bread called "banick" as they emerged from the protohistoric era. A horizon extending from a little before the early 18th century is sometimes called the acculturating Fireside Cabin culture, when trading posts along the Potomac and James rivers spread across the state.
Dr. Robert F. Maslowski wrote, "The Adena Indians used pipes for ceremonies. They were carved of stone and they were exceptional works of art. Pipes and the smoking of tobacco became more common during the Late Prehistoric period. They were often made of clay and rather plain." "Nothing is known about Paleo-Indian and Archaic houses in the Kanawha Valley, but archeologists have found evidence of Woodland and Fort Ancient houses." "Woodland Indians lived in wigwams ... The Woodland Indians grew sunflowers, gourds, squash and several seeds such as lambsquarter, may grass, sumpweed, smartweed and little barley." "Fort Ancient Indians lived in much larger square or rectangular houses ... The Fort Ancient Indians can be considered true farmers. They cultivated large agricultural fields around their villages. They no longer grew such a variety of seeds but concentrated on growing corn, beans, sunflowers, gourds, and many types of squash including the pumpkin. They also grew domestic turkeys and kept dogs as pets." As of 2009, over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia (Bryan Ward 2009:10).[17]
European exploration and settlement[link]
Further information: Vandalia (colony) and Westsylvania
In 1671, General Abraham Wood, at the direction of Royal Governor William Berkeley of the Virginia Colony, sent a party which discovered Kanawha Falls. In 1716, Governor Alexander Spotswood with about thirty horsemen made an excursion into what is now Pendleton County. John Van Metre, an Indian trader, penetrated into the northern portion in 1725. The same year, German settlers from Pennsylvania founded New Mecklenburg, the present Shepherdstown, on the Potomac River, and others followed.
King Charles II of England, in 1661, granted to a company of gentlemen the land between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, known as the Northern Neck. The grant finally came into the possession of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, and in 1746, a stone was erected at the source of the North Branch Potomac River to mark the western limit of the grant. A considerable part of this land was surveyed by George Washington between 1748 and 1751. The diary kept by the surveyor indicates that there were already many squatters, largely of German origin, along the South Branch Potomac River. Christopher Gist, a surveyor in the employ of the first Ohio Company, which was composed chiefly of Virginians, explored the country along the Ohio River north of the mouth of the Kanawha River between 1751 and 1752. The company sought to have a fourteenth colony established with the name "Vandalia". Many settlers crossed the mountains after 1750, though they were hindered by Native American resistance. Few Native Americans lived permanently within the present limits of the state, but the region was a common hunting ground, crossed by many trails. During the French and Indian War the scattered British settlements were almost destroyed.
In 1774, the Crown Governor of Virginia John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, led a force over the mountains, and a body of militia under then-Colonel Andrew Lewis dealt the Shawnee Indians, under Hokoleskwa (or "Cornstalk"), a crushing blow during the Battle of Point Pleasant at the junction of the Kanawha and the Ohio rivers. Native American attacks continued until after the American Revolutionary War. During the war, the settlers in western Virginia were generally active Whigs and many served in the Continental Army. However, Claypool's Rebellion of 1780–1781, in which a group of men refused to pay Colonial taxes showed war-weariness in West Virginia.
Trans-Allegheny Virginia[link]
For more details on this topic, see Virginia.
Social conditions in western Virginia were entirely unlike those in the eastern portion of the state. The population was not homogeneous, as a considerable part of the immigration came by way of Pennsylvania and included Germans, Protestant Ulster-Scots, and settlers from the states farther north. Counties in the east and south were settled mostly by east Virginians. During the American Revolution, the movement to create a state beyond the Alleghenies was revived and a petition for the establishment of "Westsylvania" was presented to Congress, on the grounds that the mountains made an almost impassable barrier on the east. The rugged nature of the country made slavery unprofitable, and time only increased the social, political, economic and cultural differences (see Tuckahoe-Cohee) between the two sections of Virginia.
The convention that met in 1829 to form a new constitution for Virginia, against the protest of the counties beyond the mountains, required a property qualification for suffrage and gave the slave-holding counties the benefit of three-fifths of their slave population in apportioning the state's representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. As a result, every county beyond the Alleghenies except one voted to reject the constitution, which nevertheless passed because of eastern support.
The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850–51, the Reform Convention, addressed a number of issues important to western Virginians. The vote was extended to all white males of 21 years of age plus. The governor, lieutenant-governor, the judiciary, sheriffs and other county officers were to be elected by public vote. The composition of the General Assembly was changed, representation in the house of delegates was apportioned on the white basis of the census of 1850, but the Senate was fixed arbitrarily, the west receiving twenty, and the east thirty, senators. This was made acceptable to the west by a provision that required the General Assembly to reapportion representation on the white basis in 1865, or else put the matter to a public referendum. But the east also gave itself a tax advantage in requiring a property tax at true and actual value, except for slaves. Slaves under the age of 12 years were not taxed, and slaves over that age were taxed at only $300, a fraction of their true value. Small farmers, however, had all their assets, animals and land, taxed at full value. Despite this tax and the lack of internal improvements in the west, the vote was 75,748 for and 11,063 against the new Constitution, most of the latter being from eastern counties, which did not like the compromises made for the west.[18]
Separation from Virginia[link]
File:Francis Pierpont portrait.gif
Francis H. Pierpont, a leader during the Second Wheeling Convention
West Virginia was the only state in the Union to secede from a Confederate state (Virginia) during the American Civil War.[20] In Richmond on April 17, 1861, the 49 delegates from the future state of West Virginia voted 17 in favor of the Ordinance of Secession (of Virginia from the United States), 30 against[21] and 2 abstentions.[22] Almost immediately after the vote to proceed with secession from the Union prevailed in the Virginia General Assembly, a mass meeting at Clarksburg recommended that each county in northwestern Virginia send delegates to a convention to meet in Wheeling on May 13, 1861. When this First Wheeling Convention met, 425 delegates from 25 counties were present, though more than one-third of the delegates were from the northern panhandle area,[23] but soon there was a division of sentiment.
Some delegates favored the immediate formation of a new state, while others argued that, as Virginia's secession had not yet been passed by the required referendum, such action would constitute revolution against the United States.[24] It was decided that if the ordinance were adopted (of which there was little doubt), another convention including the members-elect of the legislature should meet at Wheeling in June. At the election on May 23, 1861, secession was ratified by a large majority in the state as a whole, but in the western counties 34,677 voted against and 19,121 voted for the Ordinance.[25]
The Second Wheeling Convention met as agreed on June 11 and declared that, since the Secession Convention had been called without the consent of the people, all its acts were void, and that all who adhered to it had vacated their offices. The Wheeling Conventions, and the delegates themselves, were never actually elected by public ballot to act on behalf of western Virginia.[26] An act for the reorganization of the government was passed on June 19. The next day Francis H. Pierpont was chosen by other delegates at the convention to be governor of Virginia, other officers were elected and the convention adjourned. The legislature was composed of 103 members, 33 of whom had been elected to the Virginia General Assembly[27] on May 23.
This number included some hold-over Senators from 1859, and as such had vacated their offices to convene in Wheeling. The other members "were chosen even more irregularly –some in mass meetings, others by county committee, and still others were seemingly self-appointed"[28] This irregular assembly met on June 20 and appointed Unionists to hold the remainder of the state offices, organized a rival state government and elected two United States senators who were promptly recognized by the federal government in Washington, D.C. Thus, there were two state governments in Virginia, one pledging allegiance to the United States and one to the Confederacy.
The Wheeling Convention, which had taken a recess until August 6, reassembled on August 20, and called for a popular vote on the formation of a new state and for a convention to frame a constitution if the vote should be favorable. At the October 24, 1861 election, 18,408 votes were cast for the new state and only 781 against. The honesty of these election results has been questioned, since the Union army then occupied the area and Union troops were stationed at many of the polls to prevent Confederate sympathizers from voting.[29] Most of the affirmative votes came from 16 counties around the Northern panhandle.[30] Over 50,000 votes had been cast on the Ordinance of Secession, yet the vote on statehood gathered little more than 19,000.
In Ohio County, home to Wheeling, only about one-quarter of the registered voters cast votes.[31] At the Constitutional Convention in November 1861, Mr. Lamb of Ohio County and Mr. Carskadon said that in Hampshire County, out of 195 votes only 39 were cast by citizens of the state; the rest were cast illegally by Union soldiers.[32] In most of what would become West Virginia, there was no vote at all as two-thirds of the territory of West Virginia had voted for secession and county officers were still loyal to Richmond.[33] Votes recorded from pro-secession counties were mostly cast elsewhere by Unionist refugees from these counties.[34] The convention began on November 26, 1861, and finished its work on February 18, 1862; the instrument was ratified (18,162 for and 514 against) on April 11, 1862.
On May 13 the state legislature of the reorganized government approved the formation of the new state. An application for admission to the Union was made to Congress, and on December 31, 1862, an enabling act was approved by Pres. Abraham Lincoln admitting West Virginia, on the condition that a provision for the gradual abolition of slavery be inserted in its constitution. While many felt that West Virginia's admission as a state was both illegal and unconstitutional, Lincoln issued his Opinion on the Admission of West Virginia finding that "the body which consents to the admission of West Virginia, is the Legislature of Virginia," and that its admission was therefore both constitutional and expedient.[35]
The convention was reconvened on February 12, 1863, and the demand was met. The revised constitution was adopted on March 26, 1863, and on April 20, 1863, Pres. Lincoln issued a proclamation admitting the state at the end of 60 days (June 20, 1863). Meanwhile, officers for the new state were chosen and Gov. Pierpont moved his capital to Union-occupied Alexandria, where he asserted jurisdiction over all of the Virginia counties within the federal lines.
The question of the constitutionality of the formation of the new state was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States in the following manner: Berkeley and Jefferson counties lying on the Potomac east of the mountains, in 1863, with the consent of the reorganized government of Virginia voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia. Many voters of the strongly pro-secessionist counties were absent in the Confederate Army when the vote was taken and refused to acknowledge the transfer upon their return. The Virginia General Assembly repealed the act of secession and in 1866 brought suit against West Virginia, asking the court to declare the counties a part of Virginia which would have declared West Virginia's admission as a state unconstitutional. Meanwhile, on March 10, 1866, Congress passed a joint resolution recognizing the transfer. The Supreme Court, in 1870, decided in favor of West Virginia.[36]
During the American Civil War, West Virginia suffered comparatively little. Union General George B. McClellan's forces gained possession of the greater part of the territory in the summer of 1861, culminating at the Battle of Rich Mountain, and Union control was never again seriously threatened, despite an attempt by Robert E. Lee in the same year. In 1863, General John D. Imboden, with 5,000 Confederates, overran a considerable portion of the state. Bands of guerrillas burned and plundered in some sections, and were not entirely suppressed until after the war ended. The Eastern Panhandle counties were more affected by the war, with military control of the area repeatedly changing hands.
The area which became West Virginia actually furnished about an equal number of soldiers to the federal and Confederate armies,[37] approximately 22,000–25,000 each. The Wheeling government found it necessary in 1865 to strip voting rights from returning Confederates in order to retain control. James Ferguson, who proposed the law, said that if it was not enacted he would lose election by 500 votes.[38] The property of Confederates might also be confiscated, and in 1866 a constitutional amendment disfranchising all who had given aid and comfort to the Confederacy was adopted. The addition of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution caused a reaction. The Democratic party secured control in 1870, and in 1871, the constitutional amendment of 1866 was abrogated. The first steps toward this change had been taken, however, by the Republicans in 1870. On August 22, 1872, an entirely new constitution was adopted.
Beginning in Reconstruction, and for several decades thereafter, the two states disputed the new state's share of the pre-war Virginia government's debts, which had mostly been incurred to finance public infrastructure improvements, such as canals, roads, and railroads under the Virginia Board of Public Works. Virginians, led by former Confederate General William Mahone, formed a political coalition which was based upon this, the Readjuster Party. Although West Virginia's first constitution provided for the assumption of a part of the Virginia debt, negotiations opened by Virginia in 1870 were fruitless, and in 1871, Virginia funded two-thirds of the debt and arbitrarily assigned the remainder to West Virginia. The issue was finally settled in 1915, when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that West Virginia owed Virginia $12,393,929.50. The final installment of this sum was paid in 1939.
Natural Resources[link]
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) |
After Reconstruction, the new 35th state benefited from the development of its mineral resources more than any other single economic activity.
Saltpeter caves had been employed throughout Appalachia for munitions; the border between West Virginia and Virginia includes the "Saltpeter Trail," a string of limestone caverns containing rich deposits of calcium nitrate that were rendered and sold to the government. The trail stretched from Pendleton County to the western terminus of the route in the town of Union, Monroe County. Nearly half of these caves are on the West Virginia side, including Organ Cave and Haynes Cave. In the late 18th-century, saltpeter miners in Haynes Cave found large animal bones in the deposits. These were sent by a local historian and frontier soldier Colonel John Stuart to Thomas Jefferson. The bones were named Megalonyx jeffersonii or great-claw and became known as Jefferson's Three-toed Sloth. It was declared the official state fossil of West Virginia in 2008. The West Virginia official state rock is bituminous coal,[39] and the official state gemstone is silicified Mississippian fossil Lithostrotionella coral.[40]
The limestone also produced a useful quarry industry, usually small, and softer, high-calcium seams were burned to produce industrial lime. This lime was used for agricultural and construction purposes; for many years a specific portion of the C & O Railroad carried limestone rock to Clifton Forge, Virginia as an industrial flux.
Salt mining had been underway since the 18th century, though it had largely played out by the time of the American Civil War, when the red salt of Kanawha County was a valued commodity of first Confederate, and later Union forces. Later, more sophisticated mining methods would restore West Virginia's role as a major producer of salt.
However, in the second half of the 19th century, there was an even greater treasure not yet developed, bituminous coal. It would fuel much of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and the steamships of many of the world's navies.
The residents (both Native Americans and early European settlers) had long known of the underlying coal, and that it could be used for heating and fuel. However, for a long time, very small "personal" mines were the only practical development. After the War, with the new railroads came a practical method to transport large quantities of coal to expanding U.S. and export markets. As the anthracite mines of northwestern New Jersey and Pennsylvania began to play out during this same time period, investors and industrialists focused new interest in West Virginia. Geologists such as Dr. David T. Ansted surveyed potential coal fields and invested in land and early mining projects.
The completion of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) across the state to the new city of Huntington on the Ohio River in 1872 opened access to the New River Coal Field. Soon, the C&O was building its huge coal pier at Newport News, Virginia on the large harbor of Hampton Roads. In 1881, the new Philadelphia-based owners of the former Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (AM&O), which stretched across Virginia's southern tier from Norfolk, had sights clearly set on the Mountain State, where the owners had large land holdings. Their railroad was renamed Norfolk and Western (N&W), and a new railroad city was developed at Roanoke to handle planned expansion. After its new president Frederick J. Kimball and a small party journeyed by horseback and saw firsthand the rich bituminous coal seam which his wife named "Pocahontas", the N&W redirected its planned westward expansion to reach it. Soon, the N&W was also shipping from new coal piers at Hampton Roads.
In 1889, in the southern part of the state, along the Norfolk and Western rail lines, the important coal center of Bluefield, West Virginia was founded. The "capital" of the Pocahontas coalfield, this city would remain the largest city in the southern portion of the state for several decades. It shares a sister city with the same name, Bluefield, in Virginia.
In the northern portion of the state and elsewhere, the older Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) and other lines also expanded to take advantage of coal opportunities. The B&O developed coal piers in Baltimore and at several points on the Great Lakes. Other significant rail carriers of coal were the Western Maryland Railway (WM), Southern Railway (SOU), and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N).
Particularly notable was a latecomer, the Virginian Railway (VGN). By 1900, only a large area of the most rugged terrain of southern West Virginia was any distance from the existing railroads and mining activity. Within this area west of the New River Coalfield in Raleigh and Wyoming counties lay the Winding Gulf Coalfield, later promoted as the "Billion Dollar Coalfield."
A protege of Dr. Ansted was William Nelson Page (1854–1932), a civil engineer and mining manager in Fayette County. Former West Virginia Governor William A. MacCorkle described him as a man who knew the land "as a farmer knows a field." Beginning in 1898, Page teamed with northern and European-based investors to take advantage of the undeveloped area. They acquired large tracts of land in the area, and Page began the Deepwater Railway, a short-line railroad which was chartered to stretch between the C&O at its line along the Kanawha River and the N&W at Matoaka, a distance of about 80 miles (130 km).
Although the Deepwater plan should have provided a competitive shipping market via either railroad, leaders of the two large railroads did not appreciate the scheme. In secret collusion, each declined to negotiate favorable rates with Page, nor did they offer to purchase his railroad, as they had many other short-lines. However, if the C&O and N&W presidents thought they could thus kill the Page project, they were to be proved mistaken. One of the silent partner investors Page had enlisted was millionaire industrialist Henry Huttleston Rogers, a principal in John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust and an old hand at developing natural resources, transportation. A master at competitive "warfare", Henry Rogers did not like to lose in his endeavors and also had "deep pockets".
Instead of giving up, Page (and Rogers) quietly planned and then built their tracks all the way east across Virginia, using Rogers' private fortune to finance the $40-million cost. When the renamed Virginian Railway (VGN) was completed in 1909, no fewer than three railroads were shipping ever-increasing volumes of coal to export from Hampton Roads. West Virginia coal was also under high demand at Great Lakes ports. The VGN and the N&W ultimately became parts of the modern Norfolk Southern system, and the VGN's well-engineered 21st-century tracks continue to offer a favorable gradient to Hampton Roads.
As coal mining and related work became major employment activities in the state, there was considerable labor strife as working conditions, safety issues and economic concerns arose. Even in the 21st century, mining safety and ecological concerns is still challenging to the state whose coal continues to power electrical generating plants in many other states.
Coal is not the only valuable mineral found in West Virginia, as the state was the site of the 1928 discovery of the 34.48 carat (6.896 g) Jones Diamond.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 55,873 |
|
|
| 1800 | 78,592 | 40.7% | |
| 1810 | 105,469 | 34.2% | |
| 1820 | 136,808 | 29.7% | |
| 1830 | 176,924 | 29.3% | |
| 1840 | 224,537 | 26.9% | |
| 1850 | 302,313 | 34.6% | |
| 1860 | 376,688 | 24.6% | |
| 1870 | 442,014 | 17.3% | |
| 1880 | 618,457 | 39.9% | |
| 1890 | 762,794 | 23.3% | |
| 1900 | 958,800 | 25.7% | |
| 1910 | 1,221,119 | 27.4% | |
| 1920 | 1,463,701 | 19.9% | |
| 1930 | 1,729,205 | 18.1% | |
| 1940 | 1,901,974 | 10.0% | |
| 1950 | 2,005,552 | 5.4% | |
| 1960 | 1,860,421 | −7.2% | |
| 1970 | 1,744,237 | −6.2% | |
| 1980 | 1,949,644 | 11.8% | |
| 1990 | 1,793,477 | −8.0% | |
| 2000 | 1,808,344 | 0.8% | |
| 2010 | 1,852,994 | 2.5% | |
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of West Virginia was 1,855,364 on July 1, 2011, a 0.13% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1] The center of population of West Virginia is located in Braxton County, in the town of Gassaway.[41]
At the 2010 Census, 93.2% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.2% non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.7% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.3% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). 1.2% of West Virginia's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).
As of 2005, West Virginia has an estimated population of 1,816,856, which is an increase of 4,308, or 0.2%, from the prior year and an increase of 8,506, or 0.5%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural decrease since the last census of 3,296 people (that is 108,292 births minus 111,588 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 14,209 people into the state. West Virginia is the least populous southeastern state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,691 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 10,518 people.
Only 1.1% of the state's residents were foreign-born, placing West Virginia last among the 50 states in that statistic. It also has the lowest percentage of residents that speak a language other than English in the home (2.7%).
The five largest ancestry groups in West Virginia are: English (35.2%), German (17.2%), Irish (8%), Scots-Irish (5%) and Italian (4.8%). In the 2000 Census People who identified their ethnicity as simply "American" made up 18.8% of the population. Many of these people are of Scots-Irish ancestry, and many are of English descent as well.[42]
Large numbers of people of German ancestry are present in the northeastern counties of the state. People of English ancestry are present throughout the entire state. Many West Virginians who self-identify as Irish are actually Scots-Irish Protestants.
5.6% of West Virginia's population were reported as under 5, 22.3% under 18, and 15.3% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.4% of the population.
There were 20,928 births in 2006. Of these, 19,757 (94.40% of the births, 95.19% of the population) were to Non-Hispanic Whites. There were 22 births to American Indians (0.11% of the births and 0.54% of the population), 177 births to Asians (0.85% of the births and 0.68% of the population), 219 births to Hispanics (1.05% of the births and 0.88% of the population) and 753 births to Blacks and others (3.60% of the births and 3.56% of the population).[43]
The state's Northern Panhandle, and North-Central region feel an affinity for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Also, those in the Eastern Panhandle feel a connection with the Washington, D.C. suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, and southern West Virginians often consider themselves Southerners. Finally, the towns and farms along the mid-Ohio River, which forms most the state's western border, have an appearance and culture somewhat resembling the Midwest.[44]
| By race | White | Black | AIAN* | Asian | NHPI* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 (total population) | 96.01% | 3.49% | 0.59% | 0.66% | 0.05% |
| 2000 (Hispanic only) | 0.63% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| 2005 (total population) | 95.99% | 3.56% | 0.56% | 0.69% | 0.05% |
| 2005 (Hispanic only) | 0.80% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Growth 2000–05 (total population) | 0.46% | 2.49% | -3.96% | 5.57% | -2.80% |
| Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) | 0.28% | 2.30% | -4.24% | 5.96% | -0.52% |
| Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) | 27.74% | 21.51% | 5.56% | -20.22% | -16.67% |
| * AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | |||||
Religion[link]
Responses to a 2001 religious survey were:[45]
- Christian (75%)
- Protestant (60%)
- Non-denominational Christian (7%)
- Roman Catholic (8%)
- Not religious (13%)
- A non-Christian religion (4%)
- 6% refused to answer.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of West Virginia
Overview[link]
The economy of West Virginia nominally would be the 62nd largest economy globally behind Iraq and ahead of Croatia according to 2009 World Bank projections,[46] and the 64th largest behind Iraq and ahead of Libya according to 2009 International Monetary Fund projections.[47] The state has a projected nominal GSP of $63.34 billion in 2009 according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis report of November 2010, and a real GSP of $55.04 billion. The real GDP growth of the state in 2009 of .7% was the 7th best in the country.[48] West Virginia was only one of ten states in 2009 which grew economically.[49]
While per capita income fell 2.6% nationally in 2009, West Virginia's grew at 1.8%.[50] Through the first half of 2010, exports from West Virginia topped $3 billion, growing 39.5% over the same period from the previous year and ahead of the national average by 15.7%.[50]
Morgantown was ranked by Forbes as the #10 best small city in the nation to conduct business in 2010.[51] The city is also home to West Virginia University, the 95th best public university according to U.S. News & World Report in 2011.[52] The proportion of West Virginia's adult population with a bachelor's degree is the lowest in the U.S. at 17.3%.[53]
The net corporate income tax rate is 8.5%, scheduled for reduction to 6.5% by 2014, while business costs are 13% below the national average.[54][55]
In 2008, West Virginia was one of only four U.S. states to have a surplus state budget.
The state's unemployment rate was 8.2% as of October 2011.[56]
Resources[link]
One of the major resources in West Virginia's economy is coal. According to the Energy Information Administration, West Virginia is a top coal-producer in the United States, second only to Wyoming. West Virginia also produces large amounts of natural gas and a fair amount of oil.[citation needed] West Virginia is located in the heart of the Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Bed, which stretches from Tennessee north to New York in the middle of Appalachia.
Nearly all of the electricity generated in West Virginia is from coal-fired power plants. West Virginia produces a surplus of electricity and leads the Nation in net interstate electricity exports.[57] Farming is also practiced in West Virginia, but on a limited basis because of the mountainous terrain over much of the state.
Logging is also a big producer in West Virginia because of the overpopulation of deciduous forest all across the state.[citation needed] Oak, cherry, poplar, maple, and pine are just a few of the various trees often harvested in the state.[citation needed]
Taxes[link]
West Virginia personal income tax is based on federal adjusted gross income (not taxable income), as modified by specific items in West Virginia law. Citizens are taxed within five income brackets, which range from 3.0 percent to 6.5 percent. The state's consumer sales tax is levied at 6 percent. Effective January 1, 2004, calculation of WV consumer sales tax has been converted to a calculated figure from the bracket system, and remains at 6 percent for most goods (food goods are now taxable at 3 percent). The computation of tax is carried out to the third decimal place and rounded up when the third decimal place is five (.005) or higher; and similarly rounded down if the third place is four (.004) or lower. By virtue of this method, sales totaling $0.08 and below would not have a sales tax associated with them.[58]
West Virginia counties administer and collect property taxes, although property tax rates reflect levies for state government, county governments, county boards of education and municipalities. Counties may also impose a hotel occupancy tax on lodging places not located within the city limits of any municipality that levies such a tax. Municipalities may levy license and gross receipts taxes on businesses located within the city limits and a hotel occupancy tax on lodging places in the city. Although the Department of Tax and Revenue plays a major role in the administration of this tax, less than one-half of 1 percent of the property tax collected goes to state government.
The primary beneficiaries of the property tax are county boards of education. Property taxes are paid to the sheriff of each of the state's 55 counties. Each county and municipality can impose its own rates of property taxation within the limits set by the West Virginia Constitution. The West Virginia legislature sets the rate of tax of county boards of education. This rate is used by all county boards of education statewide. However, the total tax rate for county boards of education may differ from county to county because of excess levies. The Department of Tax and Revenue supervises and otherwise assists counties and municipalities in their work of assessment and tax rate determination. The total tax rate is a combination of the tax levies from four state taxing authorities: state, county, schools and municipal. This total tax rate varies for each of the four classes of property, which consists of personal, real and intangible properties. Property is assessed according to its use, location and value as of July 1. All property is reappraised every three years; annual adjustments are made to assessments for property with a change of value. West Virginia does not impose an inheritance tax. Because of the phase-out of the federal estate tax credit, West Virginia's estate tax is not imposed on estates of persons who died on or after January 1, 2005.[59]
Largest private employers[link]
The largest private employers in West Virginia, as of March 2011, were:[60]
| Rank | Company |
|---|---|
| 1 | Walmart |
| 2 | West Virginia United Health System |
| 3 | Charleston Area Medical Center |
| 4 | Kroger |
| 5 | Consolidation Coal Company |
| 6 | Mylan Pharmaceuticals |
| 7 | Lowe's |
| 8 | St. Mary's Medical Center |
| 9 | American Electric Power |
| 10 | The Mentor Network |
| 11 | ResCare |
| 12 | Cabell Huntington Hospital |
| 13 | Wheeling Hospital |
| 14 | Pilgrim's Pride |
| 15 | Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races |
| 16 | DuPont |
| 17 | Mon Power |
| 18 | Rite Aid |
| 19 | West Virginia's Choice, Inc |
| 20 | University Health Associates |
| 21 | Frontier West Virginia |
| 22 | Bob Evans Farms |
| 23 | Camden-Clark Memorial Hospital |
| 24 | The Greenbrier |
| 25 | Monongalia General Hospital |
| 26 | ATK |
| 27 | MTR Gaming Group |
| 28 | Kmart |
| 29 | TeleTech |
| 30 | Dollar General |
| 31 | Thomas Health System |
| 32 | BB&T |
| 33 | Little General |
| 34 | TRG Customer Solutions |
| 35 | Go-Mart |
| 36 | Raleigh General Hospital |
| 37 | Elk Run Coal Company |
| 38 | GMRI, Inc. |
| 39 | Spartan Mining Company |
| 40 | Hobet Mining |
| 41 | Employee Resource Group |
| 42 | Dominion Transmission |
| 43 | Cracker Barrel Old Country Store |
| 44 | J. C. Penney |
| 45 | Heartland Employment Services |
| 46 | United Parcel Service |
| 47 | Toyota Motor Manufacturing West Virginia |
| 48 | Gino's/Tudor's Biscuit World |
| 49 | Weirton Medical Center |
| 50 | Alcan Rolled Products |
Governance[link]
Main articles: Law and government of West Virginia and West Virginia Constitution
West Virginia's capital and seat of government is the city of Charleston, located in the southwest area of the state.
Legislative branch[link]
Further information: West Virginia Legislature
The West Virginia Legislature is bicameral. It consists of the House of Delegates and the Senate. It is a citizen's legislature, meaning that legislative office is not a full-time occupation, but rather a part-time position. Consequently, the legislators often hold a full-time job in their community of residence.
Typically, the legislature is in session for 60 days between January and early April. The final day of the regular session ends in a bewildering fury of last-minute legislation in order to meet a constitutionally imposed deadline of midnight. During the remainder of the year, monthly interim sessions are held in preparation for the regular session. Legislators also gather periodically for 'special' sessions when called by the governor.
The title of Lieutenant Governor is assigned by statute to the Senate President.
Executive branch[link]
Further information: List of Governors of West Virginia
The governor, elected every four years on the same day as the U.S. Presidential election, is sworn in during the following January.
Governors of West Virginia can serve two consecutive terms but must sit out a term before serving a third term in office.
The title of Lieutenant Governor is assigned by statute to the Senate President.
Judicial branch[link]
Further information: Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
West Virginia is one of thirteen states that do not have a death penalty, and it is the only state in the southeastern United States to have abolished it.
For the purpose of courts of general jurisdiction, the state is divided into 31 judicial circuits. Each circuit is made up of one or more counties. Circuit judges are elected in partisan elections to serve eight-year terms.
West Virginia’s highest court is the Supreme Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia is the busiest appellate court of its type in the United States. West Virginia is one of 11 states with a single appellate court. The state constitution allows for the creation of an intermediate court of appeals, but the Legislature has never created one. The Supreme Court is made up of five justices, elected in partisan elections to 12-year terms.
West Virginia is an alcoholic beverage control state. However, unlike most such states, it does not operate retail outlets, having exited that business in 1990. It retains a monopoly on wholesaling of distilled spirits only.
Politics[link]
Main articles: Politics of West Virginia and Political party strength in West Virginia
At the state level, West Virginia's politics are largely dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democrats currently holding the governorship, both senate seats and both houses of the state legislature. Republicans, however, hold two of the state's three House seats. West Virginia also has a very strong tradition of union membership.
Robert C. Byrd, a Democrat, represented the state of West Virginia in Congress for over 57 years, as a Member of the House from the now-defunct 6th District from 1953–1959, and as a United States Senator from 1959–2010. He served as Democratic Senate Leader from 1977–1989. In 2006 he became the longest-serving Senator in history, and in 2009 the longest-serving member of Congress in history. Senator Byrd died of pneumonia on June 28, 2010, aged 92. Governor Manchin appointed Carte Goodwin to fill the seat until a special election was held in November 2010. Manchin was elected to the seat to fulfill the remainder of Byrd's term.
Evangelical Christians comprised 52 percent of the state's voters in 2008.[61] A poll in 2005 showed that 53 percent of West Virginia voters are pro-life, the seventh highest in the country.[62] In 2006, 16 percent favored gay marriage.[63] In 2008, 58 percent favored troop withdrawal from Iraq while just 32 percent wanted troops to remain.[64] On fiscal policy in 2008, 52 percent said raising taxes on the wealthier individuals would benefit the economy, while 45 percent disagreed.[65]
Democratic politicians in the state are typically more conservative than the national party. The late-Senator Robert Byrd opposed affirmative action and same-sex marriage. Junior Senator and former Governor Joe Manchin and Congressmen Alan Mollohan and Nick Rahall are pro-life on the issue of abortion.
In the Republican landslide of 1988, it was one of only ten states, and the only southern state (as defined by the US Census), to give its electoral votes to Michael Dukakis; it was one of only six states to support Jimmy Carter over Ronald Reagan in 1980; and it supported Bill Clinton by large margins in both 1992 and 1996. The state has trended increasingly Republican in presidential elections; despite the earlier Democratic wins in presidential match-ups, it narrowly elected George W. Bush over Al Gore in 2000, then re-elected Bush by a much larger margin in 2004 and voted for John McCain in 2008 by a similar margin to 2004.
The most consistent support for Democrats is found in the coal fields of southern West Virginia (especially McDowell, Mingo, Logan, Wyoming, and Boone Counties), while Republicans are most numerous to the east of the Allegheny Mountains, especially in the state's Eastern Panhandle and Potomac Highlands. The Northern Panhandle and North-Central West Virginia regions usually split right down the middle in terms of being Republican or Democratic. Since 1996, coal interests have contributed more than $4 million to candidates for governor, the state Supreme Court and the West Virginia Legislature. The 2004 election was a record-setter for the coal industry. Gov. Joe Manchin received $571,214 from coal interests for his campaign and $174,500 for his inaugural. West Virginians for Coal, the West Virginia Coal Association's political action committee, contributed more money than any other coal industry donor.[66]
Transportation[link]
File:Weirton-Steubenville Bridge pic 1.jpg
The Veterans Memorial Bridge carries US 22 between Weirton and Steubenville, Ohio. It is similar in design to the new bridge connecting Proctorville, Ohio (Ohio Rt 7) with Huntington, West Virginia via US 60.
Main article: Transportation in West Virginia
Highways form the backbone of transportation systems in West Virginia, with over 37,300 miles (60,000 km) of public roads in the state.[67] Airports, railroads, and rivers complete the commercial transportation modes for West Virginia. Commercial air travel is facilitated by airports in Charleston, Huntington, Morgantown, Beckley, Lewisburg, Clarksburg, and Parkersburg. The cities of Charleston, Huntington, Beckley, Wheeling, Morgantown, Clarksburg, and Fairmont have bus-based public transit systems.
West Virginia University in Morgantown boasts the PRT (personal rapid transit) system, the state's only single rail public transit system. Developed by Boeing, the WVU School of Engineering and the Department of Transportation, it was a model for low-capacity light transport designed for smaller cities. Recreational transportation opportunities abound in West Virginia, including hiking trails,[68] rail trails,[69] ATV off road trails,[70] white water rafting rivers,[71] and two tourist railroads (Cass Scenic Railroad,[72] and the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad).[73]
West Virginia is crossed by six interstate highways. I-64 enters the state near White Sulphur Springs in the mountainous east, and exits for Kentucky in the west, near Huntington. I-77 enters from Virginia in the south, near Bluefield. It runs north past Parkersburg before it crosses into Ohio. I-64 and I-77 are merged in a stretch of toll road known as the West Virginia Turnpike, on which construction began in 1952. It runs from just east of Charleston south to the exit for Princeton. I-68's western terminus is in Morgantown. From there it runs east into Maryland. At the I-68 terminus in Morgantown, it meets I-79, which enters from Pennsylvania and runs through the state to its southern terminus in Charleston. I-70 briefly runs through West Virginia, crossing the northern panhandle through Wheeling. I-81 also briefly runs in West Virginia through the Eastern Panhandle where it goes through Martinsburg.
An interstate quality road is currently being built that will eventually stretch from I-79 near Weston, WV to at least Wardensville, WV. The western stretch is complete to Kerens, West Virginia but is incomplete from there to Moorefield, WV. It is not certain whether the highway will eventually continue east past Wardensville to the Virginia state line and ultimately connect to I-81 just south of Winchester, VA.
Rail lines in the state used to be more prevalent, but many lines have been discontinued because of increased automobile traffic. Many old tracks have been converted to rail trails for recreational use, although the state is still served by a few commercial lines for hauling coal and by Amtrak. In 2006 Norfolk Southern along with the West Virginia and U.S. Government approved a plan to modify many of the rail tunnels in West Virginia, especially in the southern half of the state, to allow for double stacked cars (see inter-modal freight). This is expected to also help bring economic growth to the southern half of the state.
Because of the mountainous nature of the entire state, West Virginia has several notable tunnels and bridges. The most famous of these is the New River Gorge Bridge, which was at a time the longest steel single-arch bridge in the world with a 3,031-foot (924 m) span. The bridge is also pictured on the West Virginia state quarter. The Fort Steuben Bridge (Weirton-Steubenville Bridge) was at its time of construction one of only three cable-stayed steel girder trusses in the United States. "The Veterans Memorial Bridge was designed to handle traffic from the Fort Steuben Bridge as well as its own traffic load," to quote the Wierton Daily Times news paper.[74] The 80-year-old Fort Steuben Bridge (Weirton-Steubenville Bridge) was permanently closed on January 8, 2009. The Wheeling Suspension Bridge was the first bridge built across the Ohio River in 1849 and for a time was the longest suspension bridge in the world. It is still the oldest vehicular suspension bridge in the United States still in use.
State capitals[link]
Originally, the state capital was in Wheeling (1863 to 1870). It was then moved to Charleston, a more central city (1870 to 1875). However it was returned to Wheeling in 1875, until the capitol burned down in 1885. It was moved back to Charleston in 1885, and it has been there since.
Important cities and towns[link]
- See also: List of cities in West Virginia, List of towns in West Virginia, List of villages in West Virginia, List of census-designated places in West Virginia
File:MotownDOWNTOWN.PNG
Morgantown
Large cities[link]
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Towns and small cities[link]
Metropolitan statistical areas[link]
Micropolitan statistical areas[link]
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Education[link]
Main article: Education in West Virginia
Colleges and universities[link]
Further information: List of colleges and universities in West Virginia
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Distinctions[link]
| West Virginia state insignia | |
|---|---|
| Motto | Montani semper liberi (Latin, "Mountaineers are Always Free") |
| Slogan | "Wild and Wonderful" "Open for Business" (former) "Almost Heaven" (former) |
| Bird | Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) |
| Animal | Black Bear (Ursus americanus) |
| Fish | Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) |
| Insect | European Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) |
| Flower | Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) |
| Tree | Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) |
| Song | "The West Virginia Hills" "This Is My West Virginia" "West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home" |
| Quarter |  Released in 2005 |
| Butterfly | Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) |
| Reptile | Timber Rattler (Crotalus horridus) |
| Wildflower | Fringed Gentian (Gentiana crinita) |
| Colors | Old Gold and Blue |
| Gemstone | Silicified Mississippian Fossil Coral (Lithostrotionella) |
| Rock | Coal |
| Soil | Monongahela Silt Loam |
| Fruit | Golden Delicious Apple (Malus domestica) |
The state has a rich, lush beauty reflecting its temperate topography. Tourist sites include the New River Gorge Bridge,[75] Harpers Ferry National Historical Park and many state parks. The Greenbrier hotel and resort, originally built in 1778, has long been considered a premier hotel frequented by numerous world leaders and U.S. Presidents over the years. West Virginia is also home to the Green Bank Telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
Cultural[link]
See also: Category:West Virginia culture
Music[link]
Main article: Music of West Virginia
Appalachian music[link]
West Virginia's folk heritage is a part of the Appalachian folk music tradition, and includes styles of fiddling, ballad singing, and other styles that draw on Scots-Irish music. Camp Washington-Carver, a Mountain Cultural Arts Center located at Clifftop in Fayette County, hosts an annual Appalachian String Band Festival.[76] The Capitol Complex in Charleston hosts The Vandalia Gathering, where traditional Appalachian musicians compete in contests and play in impromptu jam sessions and evening concerts over the course of the weekend.[77] The Augusta Heritage Center sponsored by Davis & Elkins College in Elkins in Randolph County produces the annual Augusta Heritage Festival which includes intensive week-long workshops that are in the summer that help preserve Appalachian heritage and traditions.[78]
Classical music[link]
The West Virginia Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1939, as the Charleston Civic Orchestra, before becoming the Charleston Symphony Orchestra in 1943. The first conductor was William R. Wiant, followed by the conductor Antonio Modarelli, who was written about in the November 7, 1949 Time Magazine for his composition of the River Saga, a six-section program piece about the Kanawha River according to the Charleston Gazette's November 6, 1999 photo essay, "Snapshots of the 20th Century".[79] Prior to coming to Charleston, Modarelli had conducted the Wheeling Symphony Orchestra and the Philadelphia Orchestra, according to the orchestra's website.[80]
The Pulitzer Prize winning 20th century composer George Crumb was born in Charleston and earned his Bachelor's Degree there before moving outside the state. There had also been a series of operatic style concerts performed in Wheeling during mid-century as well.
Musical innovation[link]
The West Virginia Cultural Center in Charleston[81] is home to the West Virginia Division of Culture and History[82] which helps underwrite and coordinate a large number of musical activities. The Center is also home to Mountain Stage, the internationally broadcast live-performance music radio program established in 1983.[83] The program also travels to other venues in the state such as the West Virginia University Creative Arts Center in Morgantown.[84]
The Center hosts concerts sponsored by the Friends of Old Time Music and Dance, which brings an assortment of acoustic roots music to West Virginians.[85] The Center also hosts the West Virginia Dance Festival, which features classical and modern dance.[86]
Huntington's historic Keith-Albee Theatre, built by brothers A.B. and S.J. Hyman, was originally opened to the public on May 7, 1928, and hosts a variety of performing arts and music attractions. The theatre was eventually gifted to Marshall University and is currently going through renovation to restore it to its original splendor.
Every summer Elkins hosts the Augusta Heritage Festival, which brings folk musicians from around the world.[87] The town of Glenville has long been home to the annual West Virginia State Folk Festival.[88]
The Mountaineer Opera House in Milton hosts a variety of musical acts.
John Denver's song "Take Me Home, Country Roads" describes the experience of driving through West Virginia.
Symphony Sunday is an annual event hosted by the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra held in June. It is a day full day of music by community groups, food, and family fun, culminating in a free performance by the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra with a fireworks display following. The event began in 1982 and is held on the front lawn of the University of Charleston.
The Daily Mail Kanawha County Majorette and Band Festival is West Virginia's longest running music festival. It is for the eight public high schools in Kanawha County. The festival began in 1947. It is held at the University of Charleston Stadium at Laidley Field in downtown Charleston.
Sports[link]
| Club | Sport | League |
|---|---|---|
| Marshall Thundering Herd | Football / Basketball | Conference USA |
| West Virginia Mountaineers | Football / Basketball | Big East Conference, Joining the Big 12 Conference on July 1, 2012 |
| Bluefield Blue Jays | Baseball | Appalachian League |
| Princeton Rays | Baseball | Appalachian League |
| West Virginia Power | Baseball | South Atlantic League |
| Wheeling Nailers | Ice hockey | ECHL |
| West Virginia Wild | Basketball | International Basketball League |
| West Virginia Wild | Indoor football | Continental Indoor Football League |
| West Virginia Lightning[89] | Football | Elite Mid-Continental Football League[90] |
| West Virginia Chaos | Soccer | USL Premier Development League |
| West Virginia Bruisers | Football | Women's Football Alliance |
| Huntington Hammer | American Football | Ultimate Indoor Football League |
In popular culture[link]
See also[link]
- Outline of West Virginia
- Index of West Virginia-related articles
- List of National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
- List of people from West Virginia
- U.S. state
- USS West Virginia (SSBN-736)
References[link]
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Spruce Knob Cairn 1956". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=HW3570. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
- ^ "Appalachian Region: Counties in Appalachia". Appalachian Regional Commission. http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=27. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
- ^ "Land and Water Area of States, 2000". Information Please. 2000. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108355.html. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ University of Minnesota State Border Data Set
- ^ "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S Geological Survey. 2005-04-29. http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
- ^ "FS.fed.us". FS.fed.us. http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/mnf/sp/sksrnra.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ Peter J Coney (1970). "The Geotectonic Cycle and the New Global Tectonics" . Geological Society of America Bulletin 81 (3): 739–748. Abstract: "Mountain complexes result from irregular successions of tectonic responses due to sea-floor spreading, shifting lithosphere plates, transform faults, and colliding, coupled, and uncoupled continental margins."
- ^ "West Virginia USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". plantmaps.com. http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-west-virginia-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
- ^ "West Virginia University data". West Virginia University Health Office. http://www.health.wvu.edu/employment/live/clim_quickfacts.aspx. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ Charles H. Ambler, "A History of West Virginia" pg. 104
- ^ Charles H. Ambler. A History of West Virginia, pp. 132–138
- ^ David Thier (2010-04-18). "W.Va. Stalagmite Points to Surprising Carbon Footprint". aolnews.com. http://www.aolnews.com/science/article/wva-stalagmite-points-to-surprising-carbon-footprint/19443425.
- ^ The West Virginia Statewide, Historic Preservation Plan 2009-2014, West Virginia Division of Culture and History
- ^ Charles H. Amber, "A History of West Virginia", pgs. 276–79
- ^ "WVculture.org". WVculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/HiStory/statehood/statehood10.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ ""Chapter Twelve "Reorganized Government of Virginia Approves Separation"". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/statehood12.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ A detailed list of delegate names and votes are located in Virgil Lewis' How West Virginia Was Made, pg. 30, and also Charles Ambler's A History of West Virginia, 1933, pg. 309. Missing from both lists, however, are the delegates for McDowell County, William P. Cecil and Samuel L. Graham, who also represented Tazewell and Buchanan counties, which are still part of Virginia. Both Cecil and Graham voted in favor of the Ordinance. See Pendleton, William C. History of Tazewell County and Southwest Virginia, 1748–1920, Richmond, 1920, pgs. 600 and 603.
- ^ Those not voting were Thomas Maslin of Hardy County and Benjamin Wilson of Harrison County. Ambler, Charles H. A History of West Virginia, pg. 309, footnote 32.
- ^ J. McGregor "The Disruption of Virginia", pg. 193
- ^ The United States Constitution provides that no state may be divided without its consent.
- ^ Richard O. Curry "A House Divided", pg. 147
- ^ C. Ambler "The History of West Virginia", pg. 318
- ^ Virgil Lewis "How West Virginia Was Made" pgs. 79–80
- ^ Charles Ambler "The History of West Virginia", pg. 318
- ^ "West Virginia Statehood". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/hiStory/statehoo.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ Richard O. Curry "A House Divided", pgs. 141–152
- ^ Richard O. Curry "A House Divided", pg. 149
- ^ J. McGregor "The Disruption of Virginia", pg. 270
- ^ Richard O. Curry "A House Divided" map, pg. 49
- ^ Richard O. Curry "A House Divided", pg. 86
- ^ "Opinion of Abraham Lincoln on the Admission of West Virginia". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/lincolnopinion.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ Virginia v. West Virginia, 78 U.S. 39 (1870).
- ^ "Researching Your Civil War Ancestor". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/History/civwaran.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Charles Ambler "Disfranchisement in West Virginia", Yale Review, 1905, pg. 41
- ^ "West Virginia House Concurrent Resolution No. 37, signed into law June 2009". State of West Virginia. http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Text_HTML/2009_SESSIONS/RS/BILLS/hcr37%20intr.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
- ^ "State Facts". State of West Virginia. http://www.wvcommerce.org/travel/requestinformation/statefacts.aspx. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000". United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
- ^ "American FactFinder". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-context=qt&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-tree_id=403&-all_geo_types=N&-redoLog=true&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=04000US54&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 56, Number 7, (12/5/07)" (PDF). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_07.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "An Introduction to West Virginia's Ethnic Communities". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/arts/ethnic/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "American Religious Identification Survey". Exhibit 15. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ "The World Bank: World Development Indicators database", World Bank. September 27, 2010. Accessed December 11, 2010.
- ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", International Monetary Fund. October 2010. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ "ECONOMIC DOWNTURN WIDESPREAD AMONG STATES IN 2009", Bureau of Economic Analysis. November 18, 2010. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ "West Virginia showed GDP growth from 2008 to 2009", The Herald-Dispatch. November 24, 2010. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ a b "West Virginia improves per capita ranking", Catherine Zacchi. West Virginia Department of Commerce. 2010. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ "Morgantown makes Forbes list again", Charleston Daily Mail. November 24, 2010. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ "Best Colleges 2011", U.S. News and World Report. 2010. Accessed December 11, 2001
- ^ "State Rankings-Statistical Abstract of the United States-Persons 25 Years Old and Over With a Bachelor's Degree or More, 2004". Census.gov. 2009-01-07. http://www.census.gov/statab/ranks/rank19.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Business Taxes", West Virginia Department of Commerce. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ "West Virginia Industries", West Virginia Department of Commerce. Accessed December 11, 2010
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- ^ "EIA State Energy Profiles: West Virginia". 2008-06-12. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WV. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- ^ WV State Tax Department – TSD Publications[dead link]
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "West Virginia’s Largest Private Employers for March 2009." West Virginia WorkForce.
- ^ "Local Exit Polls — Election Center 2008 - Elections & Politics from CNN.com". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/polls/#val=WVP00p1.
- ^ "SurveyUSA.com". SurveyUSA.com. http://www.surveyusa.com/50State2005/50StateAbortion0805SortedbyProLife.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Rasmussenreports.com". Legacy.rasmussenreports.com. 2006-08-15. http://legacy.rasmussenreports.com/MembersOnly/2006%20issues/082106%20Views%20on%20cultural%20issues.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Rasmussenreports.com". Rasmussenreports.com. http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_20082/2008_presidential_election/west_virginia/west_virginia_mccain_45_obama_38. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Rasmussenreports.com". Rasmussenreports.com. http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_20082/2008_presidential_election/west_virginia/election_2008_west_virginia_presidential_election. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Wvoter-owned.org". Wvoter-owned.org. 2006-01-09. http://www.wvoter-owned.org/news/2006/01_09.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "West Virginia Department of Transportation, accessed June 9, 2006". Wvdot.com. http://www.wvdot.com/3_roadways/3_roadways.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ de Hart, A, and Sundquist, B., Monongahela National Forest Hiking Guide, West Virginia Highlands Conservancy, Charleston, WV 1993.
- ^ "West Virginia Rails-to-Trails Council, accessed 9 June 2006". Wvrtc.org. http://www.wvrtc.org. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ Southern West Virginia. "Hatfield and McCoys Trail web site, accessed June 6, 2006". Trailsheaven.com. http://www.trailsheaven.com/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "WV White Water web site, access June 6, 2006". Wvwhitewater.com. http://www.wvwhitewater.com/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Cass Scenic Railroad web site, accessed 6 June 9, 2006". Cassrailroad.com. http://www.cassrailroad.com/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad, accessed June 6, 2006". Potomaceagle.info. 2010-02-20. http://www.potomaceagle.info/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ Gossett, Dave (2009-01-15). "Fort Steuben Bridge permanently closed". Weirton Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. http://www.webcitation.org/5eI7HnDFb. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
- ^ The New River Gorge Bridge is one of just two U.S. sites which have granted explicit permission for BASE jumping. This occurs each year on the third Saturday in October, known as "Bridge Day". Bridge Day website. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
- ^ "Appalachian String Band Festival". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/stringband/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Vandalia Gathering". Wvculture.org. http://www.wvculture.org/vandalia/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Augustaheritage.com". Augustaheritage.com. http://www.augustaheritage.com/about.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ WVgazette.com[dead link]
- ^ West Virginia Symphony Orchestra[dead link]
- ^ West Virginia Cultural Center. Retrieved January 19, 2006.
- ^ West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 19, 2006.
- ^ In 2001, Mountain Stage debuted a television show featuring many of the radio program's guests. Mountain Stage. Retrieved January 20, 2006.
- ^ Greater Morgantown Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved January 20, 2006.
- ^ Stephen Ballman (2002-10-30). "Footmad". Footmad. http://www.footmad.org. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ West Virginia Dance Festival. Retrieved January 20, 2006.
- ^ "Augustaheritage.com". Augustaheritage.com. 2010-07-04. http://www.augustaheritage.com. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "West Virginia State Folk Festival". Etc4u.com. http://www.etc4u.com/folkfest/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "West Virginia Lightning Football". Wvlightningfootball.com. http://www.wvlightningfootball.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ http://www.elitemcfl.com
Further reading[link]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. - Charles H. Ambler, A History of Education in West Virginia From Early Colonial Times to 1949 (1951)
- Charles H. Ambler and Festus P. Summers. West Virginia, the Mountain State (1958)
- Jane S. Becker, Inventing Tradition: Appalachia and the Construction of an American Folk, 1930–1940 1998.
- Richard A. Brisbin, et al. West Virginia Politics and Government (1996)
- James Morton Callahan, History of West Virginia (1923) 3 vol
- John C. Campbell, The Southern Highlander and His Homeland (1921) reissued 1969.
- Richard Orr Curry, A House Divided: A Study of Statehood Politics and Copperhead Movement in West Virginia (1964)
- Donald Edward Davis. Where There Are Mountains: An Environmental History of the Southern Appalachians 2000.
- Ronald D, Eller. Miners, Millhands, and Mountaineers: Industrialization of the Appalachian South, 1880–1930 1982.
- Carl E. Feather, Mountain People in a Flat Land: A Popular History of Appalachian Migration to Northeast Ohio, 1940–1965. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1998.
- Thomas R. Ford ed. The Southern Appalachian Region: A Survey. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1967.
- Horace Kephart, Our Southern Highlanders. Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1922. Reprinted as Our Southern Highlanders: A Narrative of Adventure in the Southern Appalachians and a Study of Life among the Mountaineers. With an Introduction by George Ellison. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1976.
- Gerald Milnes, Play of a Fiddle: Traditional Music, Dance, and Folklore in West Virginia. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999.
- Otis K. Rice, The Allegheny Frontier: West Virginia Beginnings, 1730–1830 (1970),
- Otis K. Rice and Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History, 2d ed. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993), standard
- Curtis Seltzer, Fire in the Hole: Miners and Managers in the American Coal Industry (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985), conflict in the coal industry to the 1980s.
- Joe William Trotter Jr., Coal, Class, and Color: Blacks in Southern West Virginia, 1915–32 (1990)
- John Alexander Williams, West Virginia: A History for Beginners. 2nd ed. Charleston, W.Va.: Appalachian Editions, 1997.
- John Alexander Williams. West Virginia: A Bicentennial History (1976)
- John Alexander Williams. West Virginia and the Captains of Industry 1976.
- John Alexander Williams. Appalachia: A History (2002)
Primary sources
- Elizabeth Cometti, and Festus P. Summers. The Thirty-fifth State: A Documentary History of West Virginia. Morgantown: West Virginia University Library, 1966.
External links[link]
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- State Government
- State of West Virginia government website
- West Virginia Department of Commerce
- West Virginia State Guide, from the Library of Congress
- West Virginia Legislature website
- Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia website
- Constitution of West Virginia
- West Virginia Code
- U.S. Government
- Energy Profile for West Virginia- Economic, environmental, and energy data
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of West Virginia
- West Virginia State Fact Sheet from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Other
- Governor Joe Manchin III's website
- West Virginia Division of Tourism
- Visiting West Virginia
- West Virginia Archives and History
- West Virginia Department of Education
- West Virginia at the Open Directory Project
- West Virginia Encyclopedia
Geographic data related to West Virginia at OpenStreetMap
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| Preceded by Kansas |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on June 20, 1863 (35th) |
Succeeded by Nevada |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see Virginia (disambiguation).
| Commonwealth of Virginia | |||||
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| Nickname(s): Old Dominion; Mother of Presidents; Mother of states. | |||||
| Motto(s): Sic Semper Tyrannis (Latin)[1] | |||||
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| Official language(s) | English | ||||
| Spoken language(s) | English 94.6%, Spanish 5.9% | ||||
| Demonym | Virginian | ||||
| Capital | Richmond | ||||
| Largest city | Virginia Beach | ||||
| Largest metro area | Northern Virginia | ||||
| Area | Ranked 35th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 42,774.2 sq mi (110,785.67 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 200 miles (320 km) | ||||
| - Length | 430 miles (690 km) | ||||
| - % water | 7.4 | ||||
| - Latitude | 36° 32′ N to 39° 28′ N | ||||
| - Longitude | 75° 15′ W to 83° 41′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 12th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 8,096,604 (2011 est)[2] | ||||
| - Density | 204/sq mi (79.0/km2) Ranked 14th in the U.S. |
||||
| - Median household income | $61,044[3] (8th) | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Mount Rogers[4][5] 5,729 ft (1746 m) |
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| - Mean | 950 ft (290 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean[4] sea level |
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| Before statehood | Colony of Virginia | ||||
| Admission to Union | June 25, 1788 (10th) | ||||
| Governor | Bob McDonnell (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Bill Bolling (R) | ||||
| Legislature | General Assembly | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Delegates | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Jim Webb (D) Mark Warner (D) |
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| U.S. House delegation | 8 Republicans, 3 Democrats (list) |
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| Time zone | Eastern: UTC −5/−4 | ||||
| Abbreviations | VA US-VA | ||||
| Website | www.virginia.gov | ||||
Virginia (i/vərˈdʒɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population is over eight million.[2]
The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties separated to form the state of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under conservative single-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.[6]
The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest legislature in the Western Hemisphere. The state government has been repeatedly ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States.[7] It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the Department of Defense and CIA; and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport. Virginia's public schools and many colleges and universities have contributed to growing media and technology sectors. As a result, computer chips have become the state's leading export.[8]
Contents |
Geography[link]
Main article: Environment of Virginia
Virginia has a total area of 42,774.2 square miles (110,784.7 km2), including 3,180.13 square miles (8,236.5 km2) of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area.[9] Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina and Tennessee to the south; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River.[10] The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes.[11]
Geology and terrain[link]
The Chesapeake Bay separates the contiguous portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginia's Eastern Shore. The bay was formed following a meteoroid impact crater during the Eocene.[12] Many of Virginia's rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, which create three peninsulas in the bay.[13][14] Geographically and geologically, Virginia is divided into five regions from east to west: Tidewater, Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Ridge and Valley, and Cumberland Plateau.[15]
The Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay. The Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic.[16] The region, known for its heavy clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains.[17] The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the chain of Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state, the tallest being Mount Rogers at 5,729 feet (1,746 m).[18] The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains, and includes the Great Appalachian Valley. The region is carbonate rock based, and includes Massanutten Mountain.[19] The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the south-west corner of Virginia, below the Allegheny Plateau. In this region rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin.[20]
The state's carbonate rock is filled with more than 4,000 caves, ten of which are open for tourism.[22] The Virginia seismic zone has not had a history of regular activity. Earthquakes are rarely above 4.5 on the Richter magnitude scale because Virginia is located away from the edges of the North American Plate. The largest earthquake, at an estimated 5.9 magnitude, was in 1897 near Blacksburg.[23] A 5.8 magnitude earthquake struck central Virginia on August 23, 2011, near Mineral. The earthquake was reportedly felt as far away as Toronto, Canada.[24] Coal mining takes place in the three mountainous regions at 40 distinct coal beds near Mesozoic basins.[25] Other resources such as slate, kyanite, sand, and gravel are mined, with an annual value of nearly $2 billion as of 2006[update].[26]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Virginia
| Virginia state-wide averages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The climate of Virginia becomes increasingly warmer and more humid farther south and east.[27] Seasonal extremes vary from average lows of 26 °F (−3 °C) in January to average highs of 86 °F (30 °C) in July. The Atlantic ocean has a strong effect on eastern and southeastern coastal areas of the state. Influenced by the Gulf Stream, coastal weather is subject to hurricanes, most pronouncedly near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.[28]
Virginia has an annual average of 35–45 days of thunderstorm activity, particularly in the western part of the state,[29] and an average annual precipitation of 42.7 inches (108 cm).[28] Cold air masses arriving over the mountains in winter can lead to significant snowfalls, such as the Blizzard of 1996 and winter storms of 2009–2010. The interaction of these elements with the state's topography creates distinct microclimates in the Shenandoah Valley, the mountainous southwest, and the coastal plains.[30] Virginia averages seven tornadoes annually, most F2 or lower on the Fujita scale.[31]
In recent years, the expansion of the southern suburbs of Washington, D.C. into Northern Virginia has introduced an urban heat island primarily caused by increased absorption of solar radiation in more densely populated areas.[32] In the American Lung Association's 2011 report, 11 counties received failing grades for air quality, with Fairfax County having the worst in the state, due to automobile pollution.[33][34] Haze in the mountains is caused in part by coal power plants.[35]
Flora and fauna[link]
Forests cover 65% of the state, primarily with deciduous, broad leaf trees.[36] Lower altitudes are more likely to have small but dense stands of moisture-loving hemlocks and mosses in abundance, with hickory and oak in the Blue Ridge.[27] However since the early 1990s, Gypsy moth infestations have eroded the dominance of oak forests.[37] In the lowland tidewater yellow pines tend to dominate, with bald cypress wetland forests in the Great Dismal and Nottoway swamps. Other common trees and plants include chestnut, maple, tulip poplar, mountain laurel, milkweed, daisies, and many species of ferns. The largest areas of wilderness are along the Atlantic coast and in the western mountains, where the largest populations of trillium wildflowers in North America are found.[27][38] The Atlantic coast regions are host to flora commonly associated with the South Atlantic pine forests and lower Southeast Coastal Plain maritime flora, the latter found primarily in southeastern Virginia.
Mammals include White-tailed deer, black bear, beaver, bobcat, coyote, raccoon, skunk, groundhog, Virginia Opossum, gray fox, red fox, and eastern cottontail rabbit.[39] Birds include cardinals, barred owls, Carolina chickadees, Red-tailed Hawks, Ospreys, Brown Pelicans, Quail, Sea gulls, Bald Eagles, and Wild Turkeys. The Peregrine Falcon was reintroduced into Shenandoah National Park in the mid-1990s.[40] Walleye, brook trout, Roanoke bass, and blue catfish are among the 210 known species of freshwater fish.[41] Running brooks with rocky bottoms are often inhabited by a plentiful amounts of crayfish and salamanders.[27] The Chesapeake Bay is host to many species, including blue crabs, clams, oysters, and rockfish (also known as striped bass).[42]
Virginia has 30 National Park Service units, such as Great Falls Park and the Appalachian Trail, and one national park, the Shenandoah National Park.[43] Shenandoah was established in 1935 and encompasses the scenic Skyline Drive. Almost 40% of the park's area (79,579 acres/322 km2) has been designated as wilderness under the National Wilderness Preservation System.[44] Additionally, there are 34 Virginia state parks and 17 state forests, run by the Department of Conservation and Recreation and the Department of Forestry.[36][45] The Chesapeake Bay, while not a national park, is protected by both state and federal legislation, and the jointly run Chesapeake Bay Program which conducts restoration on the bay and its watershed. The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge extends into North Carolina, as does the Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, which marks the beginning of the Outer Banks.[46]
History[link]
Main article: History of Virginia
Jamestown 2007 marked Virginia's quadricentennial year, celebrating 400 years since the establishment of the Jamestown Colony. The celebrations highlighted contributions from Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans, each of which had a significant part in shaping Virginia's history.[47][48] Warfare, including among these groups, has also had an important role. Virginia was a focal point in conflicts from the French and Indian War, the American Revolution and the Civil War, to the Cold War and the War on Terrorism.[49] Stories about historic figures, such as those surrounding Pocahontas and John Smith, George Washington's childhood, or the plantation elite in the slave society of the antebellum period, have also created potent myths of state history, and have served as rationales for Virginia's ideology.[50]
Colony[link]
Main article: Colony of Virginia
The first people are estimated to have arrived in Virginia over 12,000 years ago.[51] By 5,000 years ago more permanent settlements emerged, and farming began by 900 AD. By 1500, the Algonquian peoples had founded towns such as Werowocomoco in the Tidewater region, which they referred to as Tsenacommacah. The other major language groups in the area were the Siouan to the west, and the Iroquoians, who included the Nottoway and Meherrin, to the north and south. After 1570, the Algonquians consolidated under Chief Powhatan in response to threats from these other groups on their trade network.[52] Powhatan controlled more than 30 smaller tribes and over 150 settlements, who shared a common Virginia Algonquian language. In 1607, the native Tidewater population was between 13,000 to 14,000.[53]
Several European expeditions, including a group of Spanish Jesuits, explored the Chesapeake Bay during the 16th century. In 1583, Queen Elizabeth I of England granted Walter Raleigh a charter to plant a colony north of Spanish Florida.[54] In 1584, Raleigh sent an expedition to the Atlantic coast of North America.[55] The name "Virginia" may have been suggested then by Raleigh or Elizabeth, perhaps noting her status as the "Virgin Queen", and may also be related to a native phrase, "Wingandacoa", or name, "Wingina".[56] Initially the name applied to the entire coastal region from South Carolina to Maine, plus the island of Bermuda.[57] The London Company was incorporated as a joint stock company by the proprietary Charter of 1606, which granted land rights to this area. The Company financed the first permanent English settlement in the "New World", Jamestown. Named for King James I, it was founded in May 1607 by Christopher Newport.[58] In 1619, colonists took greater control with an elected legislature called the House of Burgesses. With the bankruptcy of the London Company in 1624, the settlement was taken into royal authority as a British crown colony.[59]
Life in the colony was perilous, and many died during the "starving time" in 1609 and the Anglo-Powhatan Wars, including the Indian massacre of 1622, which fostered the colonists' negative view of all tribes.[60][61] By 1624, only 3,400 of the 6,000 early settlers had survived.[62] However, European demand for tobacco fueled the arrival of more settlers and servants.[63] The headright system tried to solve the labor shortage by providing colonists with land for each indentured servant they transported to Virginia.[64] African workers were first imported in 1619, and their slavery was codified after a 1654 lawsuit over the servant John Casor.[65]
Tensions and the geographic differences between the working and ruling classes led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, by which time current and former indentured servants made up as much as 80% of the population.[66] Rebels, largely from the colony's frontier, were also opposed to the conciliatory policy towards native tribes. Colonists appropriated tribal land by force and treaty, including the Treaty of 1677, which made the signatory tribes tributary states. Williamsburg became the colonial capital in 1699, following the founding of The College of William & Mary in 1693.[67] In 1747, a group of Virginian speculators formed the Ohio Company, with the backing of the British crown, to start English settlement and trade in the Ohio Country west of the Appalachian Mountains.[68] France, which claimed this area as part of their colony of New France, viewed this as a threat, and the ensuing French and Indian War became part of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). A militia from several British colonies, called the Virginia Regiment, was led by then-Lieutenant colonel George Washington.[69]
Statehood[link]
The British Parliament's efforts to levy new taxes following the French and Indian War were deeply unpopular in the colonies. In the House of Burgesses, opposition to taxation without representation was led by Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee, among others.[70] Virginians began to coordinate their actions with other colonies in 1773, and sent delegates to the Continental Congress the following year.[71] After the House of Burgesses was dissolved by the royal governor in 1774, Virginia's revolutionary leaders continued to govern via the Virginia Conventions. On May 15, 1776, the Convention declared Virginia's independence from the British Empire and adopted George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, which was then included in a new constitution.[72] Another Virginian, Thomas Jefferson, drew upon Mason's work in drafting the national Declaration of Independence.[73]
When the American Revolutionary War began, George Washington was selected to head the colonial army. During the war, the capital was moved to Richmond at the urging of Governor Thomas Jefferson, who feared that Williamsburg's location would make it vulnerable to British attack.[74] In 1781, the combined action of Continental and French land and naval forces trapped the British army on the Virginia Peninsula, where troops under George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau defeated British General Cornwallis in the Siege of Yorktown. His surrender on October 19, 1781, led to peace negotiations in Paris and secured the independence of the colonies.[75]
Virginians were instrumental in writing the United States Constitution. James Madison drafted the Virginia Plan in 1787 and the Bill of Rights in 1789.[73] Virginia ratified the Constitution on June 25, 1788. The three-fifths compromise ensured that Virginia, with its large number of slaves, initially had the largest bloc in the House of Representatives. Together with the Virginia dynasty of presidents, this gave the Commonwealth national importance. In 1790, both Virginia and Maryland ceded territory to form the new District of Columbia, though the Virginian area was retroceded in 1846.[76] Virginia is sometimes called "Mother of States" because of its role in being carved into states like Kentucky, which became the 15th state in 1792, and for the numbers of American pioneers born in Virginia.[77]
Civil War and aftermath[link]
Main article: Virginia in the American Civil War
In addition to agriculture, slave labor was increasingly used in mining, shipbuilding and other industries.[78] Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831 and John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859 showed deep social discontent about slavery and its role in the plantation economy. By 1860, almost half a million people, roughly 31% of the total population of Virginia, were enslaved.[79] This division contributed to the start of the American Civil War.
Virginia voted to secede from the United States on April 17, 1861, after the Battle of Fort Sumter and Abraham Lincoln's call for volunteers. On April 24, Virginia joined the Confederate States of America, which chose Richmond as its capital.[77] After the 1863 Wheeling Convention, 48 counties in the northwest separated to form a new state of West Virginia, which chose to remain loyal to the Union. Virginian general Robert E. Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862, and led invasions into Union territory, ultimately becoming commander of all Confederate forces. During the war, more battles were fought in Virginia than anywhere else, including Bull Run, the Seven Days Battles, Chancellorsville, and the concluding Battle of Appomattox Court House.[80] After the capture of Richmond in 1865, the capital was briefly moved to Danville.[81] Virginia was formally restored to the United States in 1870, due to the work of the Committee of Nine.[82]
During the post-war Reconstruction era, Virginia adopted a constitution which provided for free public schools, and guaranteed political, civil, and voting rights.[83] The populist Readjuster Party ran an inclusive coalition until the conservative white Democratic Party gained power after 1883.[84] It passed segregationist Jim Crow laws and in 1902 rewrote the Constitution of Virginia to include a poll tax and other voter registration measures that effectively disfranchised most African Americans and many poor whites.[85] Though their schools were segregated and underfunded, as were services, due to a lack of political representation, African Americans were able to create their own communities.[86]
Modern era[link]
New economic forces also changed the Commonwealth. Virginian James Albert Bonsack invented the tobacco cigarette rolling machine in 1880 leading to new industrial scale production centered around Richmond. In 1886, railroad magnate Collis Potter Huntington founded Newport News Shipbuilding, which was responsible for building six major World War I-era battleships for the U.S. Navy from 1907–1923.[87] During the war, German submarines like U-151 attacked ships outside the port.[88] In 1926, Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, rector of Williamsburg's Bruton Parish Church, began restoration of colonial-era buildings in the historic district with financial backing of John D. Rockefeller, Jr..[89] Though their project, like others in the state, had to contend with the Great Depression and World War II, work continued as Colonial Williamsburg became a major tourist attraction.[90]
File:Virginia Civil Rights Memorial wide.jpg
The Virginia Civil Rights Memorial was erected in 2008 to commemorate the protests which led to school desegregation.
Protests started by Barbara Rose Johns in 1951 in Farmville against segregated schools led to the lawsuit Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County. This case, filed by Richmond natives Spottswood Robinson and Oliver Hill, was decided in 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education, which rejected the segregationist doctrine of "separate but equal". But, in 1958, under the policy of "massive resistance" led by the influential segregationist Senator Harry F. Byrd and his Byrd Organization, the Commonwealth prohibited desegregated local schools from receiving state funding.[91]
The Civil Rights Movement gained many participants in the 1960s. It achieved the moral force and support to gain passage of national legislation with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In 1964 the United States Supreme Court ordered Prince Edward County and others to integrate schools.[92] In 1967, the Court also struck down the state's ban on interracial marriage with Loving v. Virginia. From 1969 to 1971, state legislators under Governor Mills Godwin rewrote the constitution, after goals such as the repeal of Jim Crow laws had been achieved. In 1989, Douglas Wilder became the first African American elected as governor in the United States.[93]
The Cold War led to the expansion of national defense government programs housed in offices in Northern Virginia near Washington, D.C., and correlative population growth.[94] Among the federal developments was the Pentagon, built during World War II as the headquarters for the Department of Defense. It was one of the targets of the September 11 attacks; 189 people died at the site when a jet passenger plane crashed into the building.[95]
Cities and towns[link]
Main article: Political subdivisions of Virginia
Virginia is divided into 95 counties and 39 independent cities, which both operate the same way since independent cities are considered to be county-equivalent.[96] This method of treating cities and counties equally is unique to Virginia, with only three other independent cities in the United States outside Virginia.[97] Virginia limits the authority of cities and counties to countermand laws expressly allowed by the Virginia General Assembly under what is known as Dillon's Rule.[98] In addition to independent cities, there are also incorporated towns which operate under their own governments, but are part of a county. Finally there are hundreds of unincorporated communities within the counties. Virginia does not have any further political subdivisions, such as villages or townships.
Virginia has 11 Metropolitan Statistical Areas; Northern Virginia, Hampton Roads, and Richmond-Petersburg are the three most populous. Richmond is the capital of Virginia, and its metropolitan area has a population of over 1.2 million.[99] As of 2010[update], Virginia Beach is the most populous city in the Commonwealth, with Norfolk and Chesapeake second and third, respectively.[100] Norfolk forms the urban core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, which has a population over 1.6 million people and is the site of the world's largest naval base, Naval Station Norfolk.[99][101] Suffolk, which includes a portion of the Great Dismal Swamp, is the largest city by area at 429.1 square miles (1,111 km2).[102]
Fairfax County is the most populous locality in Virginia, with over one million residents, although that does not include its county seat Fairfax, which is one of the independent cities.[103] Fairfax County has a major urban business and shopping center in Tysons Corner, Virginia's largest office market.[104] Neighboring Loudoun County, with the county seat at Leesburg, is both the fastest-growing county in Virginia and has the highest median household income ($114,204) in the country as of 2010[update].[105] Arlington County, the smallest self-governing county in the United States by land area, is an urban community organized as a county.[106] The Roanoke area, with an estimated population of 300,399, is the largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in western Virginia.[107]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Virginia
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 691,737 |
|
|
| 1800 | 807,557 | 16.7% | |
| 1810 | 877,683 | 8.7% | |
| 1820 | 938,261 | 6.9% | |
| 1830 | 1,044,054 | 11.3% | |
| 1840 | 1,025,227 | −1.8% | |
| 1850 | 1,119,348 | 9.2% | |
| 1860 | 1,219,630 | 9.0% | |
| 1870 | 1,225,163 | 0.5% | |
| 1880 | 1,512,565 | 23.5% | |
| 1890 | 1,655,980 | 9.5% | |
| 1900 | 1,854,184 | 12.0% | |
| 1910 | 2,061,612 | 11.2% | |
| 1920 | 2,309,187 | 12.0% | |
| 1930 | 2,421,851 | 4.9% | |
| 1940 | 2,677,773 | 10.6% | |
| 1950 | 3,318,680 | 23.9% | |
| 1960 | 3,966,949 | 19.5% | |
| 1970 | 4,648,494 | 17.2% | |
| 1980 | 5,346,818 | 15.0% | |
| 1990 | 6,187,358 | 15.7% | |
| 2000 | 7,078,515 | 14.4% | |
| 2010 | 8,001,024 | 13.0% | |
|
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the state population was 8,096,604 on July 1, 2011, a 1.19% increase since the 2010 United States Census,[2] which showed Virginia had a population of 8,001,024.[108] This includes an increase from net migration of 314,832 people into the Commonwealth since the 2000 census. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 159,627 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 155,205 people.[109] The center of population is located in Goochland County outside of Richmond.[110]
English was passed as the Commonwealth's official language by statutes in 1981 and again in 1996, though the status is not mandated by the Constitution of Virginia.[111] English is the only language spoken by 6,245,517 (86.7%) Virginians, though it is spoken "very well" by an additional 570,638 (7.9%) for a total of 94.6% of the Commonwealth. Among speakers of other languages, Spanish is the most common with 424,381 (5.9%). 226,911 (3.2%) speak Asian and Pacific Islander languages, including Korean, Vietnamese, and Filipino.[112]
Ethnicity[link]
The state's most populous ethnic group, Non-Hispanic White, has declined from 76% in 1990 to 64.8% in 2010.[113][114] People of English heritage settled throughout the Commonwealth during the colonial period, and others of British and Irish heritage have since immigrated.[115] Those who self-identify as having "American ethnicity" are predominantly of English descent, but have ancestry that has been in North America for so long that they choose to identify simply as American.[116][117] Of the English immigrants to Virginia in the 1600s, 75% came as indentured servants.[118] The western mountains have many settlements that were founded by Scots-Irish immigrants before the American Revolution.[119][120] There are also sizable numbers of people of German descent in the northwestern mountains and Shenandoah Valley.[121]
The largest minority group in Virginia is African American, at 19.4% as of 2010[update].[114] Most African American Virginians have been descendants of enslaved Africans who worked on tobacco, cotton, and hemp plantations. These men, women and children were brought from west-central Africa, primarily from Angola and the Bight of Biafra. The Igbo ethnic group of what is now southern Nigeria were the single largest African group among slaves in Virginia.[122][123] Though the black population was reduced by the Great Migration, since 1965 there has been a reverse migration of blacks returning south.[124] 2.9% of Virginians also describe themselves as biracial.[125] Additionally, 0.4% of Virginians are American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.1% are Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.[114] Virginia has extended state recognition to eight Native American tribes resident in the state, though all lack federal recognition status. Most Native American groups are located in the Tidewater region.[126]
More recent immigration in the late 20th century and early 21st century has fueled new communities of Hispanics and Asians. As of 2010[update], 7.9% of Virginians are Hispanic or Latino (of any race), and 5.5% are Asian.[114] The state's Hispanic population rose by 92% from 2000 to 2010, with two-thirds of Hispanics living in Northern Virginia.[125] Hispanic citizens in Virginia have higher median household incomes and educational attainment than the general Virginia population.[127] Northern Virginia also has a signigicant population of Vietnamese Americans, whose major wave of immigration followed the Vietnam War,[128] and Korean Americans, whose migration has been more recent and was induced in part by the quality school system.[129] The Filipino American community has about 45,000 in the Hampton Roads area, many of whom have ties to the U.S. Navy and armed forces.[130]
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Religion[link]
| Religion (2008) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Christian[131] | 76% | |
| Baptist | 27% | |
| Roman Catholic | 11% | |
| Methodist | 8% | |
| Lutheran | 2% | |
| Other Christian | 28% | |
| Buddhism | 1% | |
| Hinduism | 1% | |
| Judaism | 1% | |
| Islam | 0.5% | |
| Unaffiliated | 18% | |
Virginia is predominantly Christian and Protestant; Baptists are the largest single group with 27% of the population as of 2008[update].[131] Baptist denominational groups in Virginia include the Baptist General Association of Virginia, with about 1,400 member churches, which supports both the Southern Baptist Convention and the moderate Cooperative Baptist Fellowship; and the Southern Baptist Conservatives of Virginia with more than 500 affiliated churches, which supports the Southern Baptist Convention.[132][133] Roman Catholics are the second-largest religious group, and the group which grew the most in the 1990s.[134][135] The Roman Catholic Diocese of Arlington includes most of Northern Virginia's Catholic churches, while the Diocese of Richmond covers the rest.
The Virginia Conference is the regional body of the United Methodist Church and the Virginia Synod is responsible for the congregations of the Lutheran Church. Presbyterians, Pentecostals, Congregationalists, and Episcopalians each composed 1–3% of the population as of 2001[update].[136] The Episcopal Diocese of Virginia, Southern Virginia, and Southwestern Virginia support the various Episcopal churches.
In November 2006, 15 conservative Episcopal churches voted to split from the Diocese of Virginia over the ordination of openly gay bishops and clergy in other dioceses of the Episcopal Church; these churches continue to claim affiliation with the larger Anglican Communion through other bodies outside the United States. Though Virginia law allows parishioners to determine their church's affiliation, the diocese claims the secessionist churches' properties. The resulting property law case is a test for Episcopal churches nationwide.[137]
Among other religions, adherents of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints constitute 1% of the population, with 190 congregations in Virginia as of 2010[update].[138] Fairfax Station is the site of the Ekoji Buddhist Temple, of the Jodo Shinshu school, and the Hindu Durga Temple. While the state's Jewish population is small, organized Jewish sites date to 1789 with Congregation Beth Ahabah.[139] Muslims are a growing religious group throughout the Commonwealth through immigration.[140] Megachurches in the Commonwealth include Thomas Road Baptist Church, Immanuel Bible Church, and McLean Bible Church.[141] Several Christian universities are also based in the state, including Regent University, Liberty University, and Lynchburg College.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Virginia
While Virginia is an employment-at-will state,[143] its economy has diverse sources of income, including local and federal government, military, farming and business. Virginia has 4.1 million civilian workers, and one-third of the jobs are in the service sector.[144][145] The unemployment in Virginia in among the lowest in the nation, at 5.6%, as of March 2012.[146] The second fastest job growth town in the nation is Leesburg, as of 2011.[147] The Gross Domestic Product of Virginia was $24 billion in 2010.[148] According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Virginia had the most counties in the top 100 wealthiest in the United States based upon median income in 2007.[149] Northern Virginia is the highest-income region in Virginia, having six of the twenty highest-income counties in the United States, including the three highest as of 2011[update].[150] According to CNN Money Magazine the highest-income town in the nation is Great Falls, as of 2011.[151]
Virginia has the highest concentration of technology workers of any state.[152] Computer chips became the state's highest-grossing export in 2006, surpassing its traditional top exports of coal and tobacco combined.[8] Northern Virginia, once considered the state's dairy capital, now hosts software, communication technology, and consulting companies, particularly in the Dulles Technology Corridor. Northern Virginia's data centers currently carry more than 50% of the nation's internet traffic, and by 2012 Dominion Power expects that 10% of all its electricity in Northern Virginia will be used by data centers.[153] Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Northern Virginia have the highest and second highest median household income, respectively, of all counties in the United States as of 2011[update].[105]
Virginia companies received the fourth-highest amount of venture capital funding in the first half of 2011 after California, Massachusetts, and New York.[154] In 2009, Forbes Magazine named Virginia the best state in the nation for business for the fourth year in a row,[155] while CNBC named it the top state for business in 2007, 2009, and 2011.[156] Virginia has 20 Fortune 500 companies, ranking the state eighth nationwide.[157]
Virginia has the highest defense spending of any state per capita, providing the Commonwealth with around 900,000 jobs, and 10% of all U.S. federal procurement money is spent in Virginia.[158][159] Virginia has over 800,000 veterans, more than any other state, and is second to California in total Department of Defense employees.[159][160] Many Virginians work for federal agencies in Northern Virginia, which include the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense, as well as the National Science Foundation, the United States Geological Survey and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Many others work for government contractors, including defense and security firms, which hold more than 15,000 federal contracts.[161] The Hampton Roads area has the largest concentration of military bases and facilities of any metropolitan area in the world. The largest of the bases is Naval Station Norfolk.[101]
Agriculture occupies 24% of the land in Virginia. As of 2007[update], about 357,000 Virginian jobs were in agriculture, with over 47,000 farms, averaging 171 acres (0.27 sq mi; 0.69 km2), in a total farmland area of 8.1 million acres (12,656 sq mi; 32,780 km2). Though agriculture has declined significantly since 1960 when there were twice as many farms, it remains the largest single industry in Virginia.[162] Tomatoes surpassed soy as the most profitable crop in Virginia in 2006, with peanuts and hay as other agricultural products.[163] Although it is no longer the primary crop, Virginia is still the fifth-largest producer of tobacco nationwide.[164] Eastern oyster harvests are an important part of the Chesapeake Bay economy, but declining oyster populations from disease, pollution, and overfishing have diminished catches.[165] Wineries and vineyards in the Northern Neck and along the Blue Ridge Mountains also have begun to generate income and attract tourists.[166]
Virginia collects personal income tax in five income brackets, ranging from 3.0% to 5.75%. The state sales and use tax rate is 4%, while the tax rate on food is 1.5%. There is an additional 1% local tax, for a total of a 5% combined sales tax on most Virginia purchases and 2.5% on most food.[167] Virginia's property tax is set and collected at the local government level and varies throughout the Commonwealth. Real estate is also taxed at the local level based on 100% of fair market value. Tangible personal property also is taxed at the local level and is based on a percentage or percentages of original cost.[168]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Virginia
Virginia's culture was popularized and spread across America and the South by figures such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Robert E. Lee. Their homes in Virginia represent the birthplace of America and the South.[169] Modern Virginia culture has many sources, and is part of the culture of the Southern United States.[170] The Smithsonian Institution divides Virginia into nine cultural regions.[171] The Piedmont region is one of the most famous for its dialect's strong influence on Southern American English. While a more homogenized American English is found in urban areas, various accents are also used, including the Tidewater accent, the Old Virginia accent, and the anachronistic Elizabethan of Tangier Island.[172][173]
Besides the general cuisine of the Southern United States, Virginia maintains its own particular traditions. Virginia wine is made in many parts of the state.[166] Smithfield ham, sometimes called "Virginia ham", is a type of country ham which is protected by state law, and can only be produced in the town of Smithfield.[174] Virginia furniture and architecture are typical of American colonial architecture. Thomas Jefferson and many of the state's early leaders favored the Neoclassical architecture style, leading to its use for important state buildings. The Pennsylvania Dutch and their style can also be found in parts of the state.[121]
Literature in Virginia often deals with the state's extensive and sometimes troubled past. The works of Pulitzer Prize winner Ellen Glasgow often dealt with social inequalities and the role of women in her culture.[175] Glasgow's peer and close friend James Branch Cabell wrote extensively about the changing position of gentry in the Reconstruction era, and challenged its moral code with Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice.[176] William Styron approached history in works such as The Confessions of Nat Turner and Sophie's Choice.[177] Tom Wolfe has occasionally dealt with his southern heritage in bestsellers like I Am Charlotte Simmons.[178] Mount Vernon native Matt Bondurant received critical acclaim for his historic novel The Wettest County in the World about moonshiners in Franklin County during prohibition.[179] Virginia also names a state Poet Laureate, currently Kelly Cherry of Halifax County, who will serve until mid-2012.[180]
Fine and performing arts[link]
See also: Music of Virginia
_meadow_pavilion.jpg)
Though rich in cultural heritage, Virginia ranks near the bottom of U.S. states in terms of public spending on the arts, at nearly half of the national average.[181] The state government does fund some institutions, including the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and the Science Museum of Virginia. Other museums include the popular Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum and the Chrysler Museum of Art.[182] Besides these sites, many open-air museums are located in the Commonwealth, such as Colonial Williamsburg, the Frontier Culture Museum, and various historic battlefields.[183] The Virginia Foundation for the Humanities works to improve the Commonwealth's civic, cultural, and intellectual life.[184]
Theaters and venues in the Commonwealth are found both in the cities and suburbs. Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts is located in Vienna and is the only national park intended for use as a performing arts center.[185] The Harrison Opera House, in Norfolk, is home of the Virginia Opera. The Virginia Symphony Orchestra operates in and around Hampton Roads.[186] Resident and touring theater troupes operate from the American Shakespeare Center in Staunton.[187] The Barter Theatre in Abingdon won the first ever Regional Theatre Tony Award in 1948, while the Signature Theatre in Arlington won it in 2009. There's also a Children's Theater of Virginia, Theatre IV, which is the second largest touring troupe nationwide.[188] Virginia has launched many award-winning traditional musical artists and internationally successful popular music acts, as well as Hollywood actors.[1] Notable performance venues include The Birchmere, the Landmark Theater, and Jiffy Lube Live.[189]
Festivals[link]
Many counties and localities host county fairs and festivals. The Virginia State Fair is held at the Meadow Event Park every September. Also in September is the Neptune Festival in Virginia Beach, which celebrates the city, the waterfront, and regional artists. Norfolk's Harborfest, in June, features boat racing and air shows.[190] Fairfax County also sponsors Celebrate Fairfax! with popular and traditional music performances.[191] The Virginia Lake Festival is held during the third weekend in July in Clarksville.[192] Wolf Trap hosts the Wolf Trap Opera Company, which produces an opera festival every summer.[185] Each September, Bay Days celebrates the Chesapeake Bay as well as Hampton's 400 year history since 1610, and Isle of Wight County holds a County Fair on the second week of September as well. Both feature live music performances, and other unique events.
On the Eastern Shore island of Chincoteague the annual Pony Swim & Auction of feral Chincoteague ponies at the end of July is a unique local tradition expanded into a week-long carnival. The Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival is a six-day festival held annually in Winchester that includes parades and bluegrass concerts. The Old Time Fiddlers' Convention in Galax, begun in 1935, is one of the oldest and largest such events worldwide. Two important film festivals, the Virginia Film Festival and the VCU French Film Festival, are held annually in Charlottesville and Richmond, respectively.[193]
Media[link]
The Hampton Roads area is the 43rd-largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research, while the Richmond-Petersburg area is 57th and Roanoke-Lynchburg is 66th as of 2010[update].[194] Northern Virginia is part of the much larger Washington, D.C. media market.
There are 36 television stations in Virginia, representing each major U.S. network, part of 42 stations which serve Virginia viewers.[195] More than 720 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Virginia, with about 300 such AM stations.[196][197] The nationally available Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is headquartered in Arlington. Independent PBS affiliates exist throughout Virginia, and the Arlington PBS member station WETA-TV produces programs such as the PBS NewsHour and Washington Week.
The most circulated native newspapers in the Commonwealth are Norfolk's The Virginian-Pilot (156,968 daily subscribers), the Richmond Times-Dispatch (118,489), The Roanoke Times (75,740), and Newport News' Daily Press (63,366), as of 2010[update].[198] Several Washington, D.C. papers are based in Northern Virginia, such as The Washington Examiner and Politico. The paper with the nation's widest circulation, USA Today, with 1.83 million daily subscriptions, is headquartered in McLean.[199] Besides traditional forms of media, Virginia is the home base for telecommunication companies such as Voxant and XO Communications. In Northern Virginia, The Washington Post is the dominant newspaper, since Northern VA is located in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Virginia
Virginia's educational system consistently ranks in the top ten states on the U.S. Department of Education's National Assessment of Educational Progress, with Virginia students outperforming the average in all subject areas and grade levels tested.[201] The 2011 Quality Counts report ranked Virginia's K–12 education fourth best in the country.[202] All school divisions must adhere to educational standards set forth by the Virginia Department of Education, which maintains an assessment and accreditation regime known as the Standards of Learning to ensure accountability.[203] In 2010, 85% of high school students graduated on-time after four years.[204] Between 2000 and 2008, school enrollment increased 5%, the number of teachers 21%.[205]
Public K–12 schools in Virginia are generally operated by the counties and cities, and not by the state. As of April 2011[update], a total of 1,267,063 students were enrolled in 1,873 local and regional schools in the Commonwealth, including three charter schools, and an additional 109 alternative and special education centers across 132 school divisions.[206][207] Besides the general public schools in Virginia, there are Governor's Schools and selective magnet schools. The Governor's Schools are a collection of more than 40 regional high schools and summer programs intended for gifted students.[208] The Virginia Council for Private Education oversees the regulation of 320 state accredited and 130 non-accredited private schools.[209][210] An additional 24,682 students receive homeschooling.[211]
As of 2011[update], there are 176 colleges and universities in Virginia.[212] In the U.S. News and World Report ranking of public colleges, the University of Virginia is second and The College of William & Mary is sixth.[213][214] Virginia Commonwealth University is ranked the top public graduate school in fine arts, while James Madison University has been recognized as the top regional public master's program in The South since 1993.[215][216] The Virginia Military Institute is the oldest state military college and a top ranked public liberal arts college.[217][218] George Mason University is the largest university in Virginia with over 32,000 students.[219] Virginia Tech and Virginia State University are the state's land-grant universities. Virginia also operates 23 community colleges on 40 campuses serving over 260,000 students.[220] There are 129 private institutions, including Washington and Lee University, Randolph-Macon College, Hampden–Sydney College, Emory & Henry College, Roanoke College, and the University of Richmond.[212]
Health[link]
Virginia has a mixed health record, and is ranked as the 22nd overall healthiest state according to the 2010 United Health Foundation's Health Rankings.[221] Virginia also ranks 21st among the states in the rate of premature deaths, 7,104 per 100,000. In 2008, Virginia reached its lowest ever rate of infant mortality, at 6.7 deaths per 1,000.[222] There are however racial and social health disparities, with African Americans experiencing 27.9% more premature deaths than whites, while 12.7% of Virginians lack any health insurance.[221] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 survey, 25.5% of Virginians are obese and another 35.1% are overweight. 78.1% of residents claim to have exercised at least once in the past three months.[223][224] About 30% of Virginia's 10- to 17-year-olds are overweight or obese.[225] Virginia banned smoking in bars and restaurants in January 2010.[226] 19% of Virginians smoke tobacco.[221] Residents of Virginia's 8th congressional district share the longest average life expectancy rate in the nation, over 83 years.[227]
There are 89 hospitals in Virginia listed with the United States Department of Health and Human Services.[228] Notable examples include Inova Fairfax Hospital, the largest hospital in the Washington Metropolitan Area, and the VCU Medical Center, located on the medical campus of Virginia Commonwealth University. The University of Virginia Medical Center, part of the University of Virginia Health System, is highly ranked in endocrinology according to U.S.News & World Report.[229] Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, part of the Hampton Roads based Sentara Health System and a teaching institution of Eastern Virginia Medical School, was the site of the first successful in-vitro fertilization birth.[230][231] Virginia has a ratio of 124 primary care physicians per 10,000 residents, which is the 13th highest nationally.[221] Virginia was one of five states to receive a perfect score in disaster preparedness according to a 2008 report by the Trust for America's Health, based on criteria such as detecting pathogens and distributing vaccines and medical supplies.[232]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Virginia
Because of the 1932 Byrd Road Act, the state government controls most of Virginia's roads, instead of a local county authority as is usual in other states.[233] As of 2011[update], the Virginia Department of Transportation owns and operates 57,867 miles (93,128 km) of the total 70,105 miles (112,823 km) of roads in the state, making it the third largest state highway system in the United States.[234] Although the Washington Metropolitan Area, which includes Northern Virginia, has the second worst traffic in the nation, Virginia as a whole has the 21st-lowest congestion and the average commute time is 26.9 minutes.[235][236]
Virginia has Amtrak passenger rail service along several corridors, and Virginia Railway Express (VRE) maintains two commuter lines into Washington, D.C. from Fredericksburg and Manassas. VRE is one of the nation's fastest growing commuter rail services, handling nearly 20,000 passengers a day.[237] The Washington Metro rapid transit system serves Northern Virginia as far west as communities along I-66 in Fairfax County, with expansion plans to reach Tysons Corner by 2013, and Loudoun County by 2017.[238] Major freight railroads in Virginia include Norfolk Southern and CSX Transportation. Commuter buses include the Fairfax Connector and the Shenandoah Valley Commuter Bus. The Virginia Department of Transportation operates several free ferries throughout Virginia, the most notable being the Jamestown-Scotland ferry which crosses the James River in Surry County.[239]
Virginia has five major airports: Washington Dulles International handling over 23 million passengers a year, Reagan Washington National, Norfolk International serving the Hampton Roads area, Richmond International, and Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport. Several other airports offer limited commercial passenger service, and sixty-six public airports serve the state's aviation needs.[240] The Virginia Port Authority's main seaports are those in Hampton Roads, which carried 17,726,251 short tons (16,080,984 t) of bulk cargo in 2007, the sixth most of United States ports.[241] The Eastern Shore of Virginia is the site of Wallops Flight Facility, a rocket testing center owned by NASA, and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport, a commercial spaceport.[242][243] Space tourism is also offered through Vienna-based Space Adventures.[244]
Law and government[link]
Main article: Government of Virginia
In colonial Virginia, free men elected the lower house of the legislature, called the House of Burgesses, which together with the Governor's Council, made the "General Assembly". Founded in 1619, the Virginia General Assembly is still in existence as the oldest legislature in the Western Hemisphere.[245] The modern government is ranked by the Pew Center on the States with an A− in terms of its efficiency, effectiveness, and infrastructure. This is the second time Virginia received the highest grade in the nation, which it shares with two others.[7]
Since 1971, the government has functioned under the seventh Constitution of Virginia, which provides for a strong legislature and a unified judicial system. Similar to the federal structure, the government is divided in three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislature is the General Assembly, a bicameral body whose 100-member House of Delegates and 40-member Senate write the laws for the Commonwealth. The Assembly is stronger than the executive, as it selects judges and justices. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor are elected every four years in separate elections. Incumbent governors cannot run for re-election, however the Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General can, and governors may serve non-consecutive terms.[246] The judicial system, the oldest in America, consists of a hierarchy from the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia to the Circuit Courts, the trial courts of general jurisdiction, and the lower General District Courts and Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courts.[247]
The Code of Virginia is the statutory law, and consists of the codified legislation of the General Assembly. The Virginia State Police is the largest law enforcement agency in Virginia. The Virginia Capitol Police is the oldest police department in the United States.[248] The Virginia National Guard consists of 7,500 soldiers in the Virginia Army National Guard and 1,200 airmen in the Virginia Air National Guard.[249] Since the resumption of capital punishment in Virginia in 1982, 107 people have been executed, the second highest number in the nation.[250] The "total crime risk" is 28% lower than the national average.[251] Since Virginia ended prisoner parole in 1995, the rate of recidivism has fallen to 28.3%, among the lowest nationwide.[252]
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Virginia
Over the 20th century, Virginia shifted from a largely rural, politically Southern and conservative state to a more urbanized, pluralistic, and politically moderate environment. Up until the 1970s, Virginia was a racially divided single-party state dominated by the Byrd Organization.[253] The legacy of slavery in the state effectively disfranchised African Americans until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.[254] Enfranchisement and immigration of other groups, especially Hispanics, have placed growing importance on minority voting.[255] Regional differences play a large part in Virginia politics.[256] Rural southern and western areas moved to support the Republican Party in response to its "southern strategy", while urban and growing suburban areas, including much of Northern Virginia, form the Democratic Party base.[257][258] Democratic support also persists in union-influenced parts of Southwest Virginia, college towns such as Charlottesville and Blacksburg, and the southeastern Black Belt Region.[259]
Political party strength in Virginia has likewise been in flux. In the 2007 state elections, Democrats regained control of the State Senate, and narrowed the Republican majority in the House of Delegates to eight seats.[260] Yet elections in 2009 resulted in the election of Republican Robert McDonnell as governor by a 17 point margin, the election of a Republican Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General, as well as Republican gains of six seats in the House of Delegates.[261] In 2011, the Republican caucus took over two-thirds of the seats in the House of Delegates, and a majority of the Senate based on the Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling as the tie-breaker.[262] State election seasons traditionally start with the annual Shad Planking event in Wakefield.[263]
In federal elections since 2006, both parties have seen success. In the 2006 Senate election, Democrat Jim Webb won on a populist platform over the Republican incumbent following a very close race.[264] The party took both U.S. Senate seats with the election of former Governor Mark Warner to replace retiring Republican John Warner.[265] Virginia, which has 13 electoral votes, was won by Democrat Barack Obama in 2008, after being won by Republican candidates in the previous ten presidential elections.[266] In the 2010 elections, Republicans picked up three House seats from Democrats. Of the state's 11 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, Republicans hold eight and Democrats hold three. Virginia may be considered a "swing state" in future presidential elections.[6]
Sports[link]
Virginia is the most populous U.S. state without a major professional sports league franchise.[268] The reasons for this include the lack of any dominant city or market within the state, the proximity of teams in Washington, D.C. and North Carolina, and a reluctance to publicly finance stadiums.[269] Virginia has several minor league clubs, especially in baseball and soccer, and the Virginia Destroyers are the 2011 champions of the United Football League.[270] Additionally, the Washington Redskins have Redskins Park, their headquarters and training facility, in Ashburn and the Washington Capitals train at Kettler Capitals Iceplex in Ballston.[271] Virginia has many professional caliber golf courses including the Greg Norman course at Lansdowne Resort and Kingsmill Resort, home of the Michelob ULTRA Open. NASCAR currently schedules Sprint Cup races on two tracks in Virginia: Martinsville Speedway and Richmond International Raceway. Current Virginia drivers in the series include Jeff Burton, Denny Hamlin, and Elliott Sadler.[272]
The Washington Nationals and Baltimore Orioles also have followings due to their proximity, and both are broadcast in the state on MASN.[273] When the New York Mets ended their long affiliation with the Norfolk Tides in 2007, the Orioles adopted the minor league club as their top level (AAA) minor league affiliate.[274] The San Francisco Giants' AA team, the Richmond Flying Squirrels, began play at The Diamond in 2010, replacing the AAA Richmond Braves, who relocated after 2008.[275] Additionally, the Nationals, Boston Red Sox, Seattle Mariners, Chicago White Sox, and Atlanta Braves also have Single-A and Rookie-level farm teams in Virginia.[276]
Virginia does not allow state appropriated funds to be used for either operational or capital expenses for intercollegiate athletics.[277] Despite this, both the Virginia Cavaliers and Virginia Tech Hokies have been able to field competitive teams in the Atlantic Coast Conference and maintain modern facilities. Their rivalry is followed statewide. Several other universities compete in NCAA Division I, particularly in the Colonial Athletic Association. Three historically black schools compete in the Division II Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association, and two others compete in the Division I Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. Several smaller schools compete in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference and the USA South Athletic Conference of NCAA Division III. The NCAA currently holds its Division III championships in football, men's basketball, volleyball and softball in Salem.[278]
State symbols[link]
Main article: List of Virginia state symbols
The state nickname is its oldest symbol, though it has never been made official by law. Virginia was given the title "Dominion" by King Charles II of England at the time of The Restoration, because it had remained loyal to the crown during the English Civil War, and the present moniker, "Old Dominion" is a reference to that title. The other nickname, "Mother of Presidents", is also historic, as eight Virginians have served as President of the United States, including four of the first five.[1]
The state's motto, Sic Semper Tyrannis, translates from Latin as "Thus Always to Tyrants", and is used on the state seal, which is then used on the flag. While the seal was designed in 1776, and the flag was first used in the 1830s, both were made official in 1930.[1] The majority of the other symbols were made official in the late 20th century.[279] The Virginia reel is among the square dances classified as the state dance.[15] Virginia currently has no state song. In 1940, Virginia made "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" the state song, but it was retired in 1997 and reclassified as the state song emeritus.[280] Various alternatives, including a version of "Oh Shenandoah", have met with resistance in the Virginia House of Delegates.[281]
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See also[link]
- Outline of Virginia
- Index of Virginia-related articles
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia
References[link]
- ^ a b c d "Factpack" (PDF). Virginia General Assembly. January 11, 2007. http://legis.state.va.us/1_cap_class/class_media/4_5_pdfs/factpack-1.pdf. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Median household income in the past 12 months (in 2007 inflation-adjusted dollars)". American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. 2007. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US51&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_S1901&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ a b Balz, Dan (October 12, 2007). "Painting America Purple". The Washington Post. http://blog.washingtonpost.com/44/2007/10/12/the_purpling_of_america.html. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ a b Somashekhar, Sandhya (March 4, 2008). "Government Takes Top Honors in Efficiency". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/03/03/ST2008030303550.html. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
- ^ a b Richards, Gregory (February 24, 2007). "Computer chips now lead Virginia exports". The Virginian-Pilot. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070310155937/http://content.hamptonroads.com/story.cfm?story=120082&ran=25886. Retrieved September 29, 2008.
- ^ "2000 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2004. p. 71. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf. Retrieved November 3, 2009.
- ^ "Supreme Court Rules for Virginia in Potomac Conflict". The Sea Grant Law Center. University of Mississippi. 2003. http://nsglc.olemiss.edu/SandBar/SandBar2/2.4supreme.htm. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
- ^ Hubbard, Jr. 2009, p. 140
- ^ "Fact Sheet 102–98 – The Chesapeake Bay: Geologic Product of Rising Sea Level". United States Geological Survey. November 18, 1998. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs102-98/. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
- ^ Burnham & Burnham 2004, pp. 7, 56–57
- ^ "Rivers and Watersheds". The Geology of Virginia. College of William and Mary. February 23, 2007. http://web.wm.edu/geology/virginia/rivers/rivers.html. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ a b The Encyclopedia of Virginia 1999, pp. 2–15
- ^ Pazzaglia 2006, pp. 135–138
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- Virginia Tourism Website
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 West Virginia |
Maryland |
 Washington, D.C. |
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Chesapeake Bay | ||
| Virginia: Outline • Index East |
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 North Carolina |
Atlantic Ocean |
| Preceded by New Hampshire |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Ratified Constitution on June 25, 1788 (10th) |
Succeeded by New York |
Coordinates: 37°30′N 79°00′W / 37.5°N 79°W / 37.5; -79
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the celebrity chef. For the Welsh musician, see Lostprophets.
 Oliver in Union Square in New York City, 2008 |
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| Born | James Trevor Oliver (1975-05-27) 27 May 1975 (age 37) Clavering, Essex, England |
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| Cooking style | Fresh and Organic, Italian cuisine, British cuisine |
| Education | Westminster Kingsway College |
| Spouse | Juliette Norton (m. 2000) «start: (2000-06-24)»"Marriage: Juliette Norton to Jamie Oliver" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Jamie_Oliver) |
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Current restaurant(s)
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Television show(s)
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| Official website | |
| jamieoliver.com | |
James Trevor "Jamie" Oliver, MBE (born 27 May 1975) is an English chef, restaurateur and media personality, known for his food-focused television shows, cookbooks and more recently his campaign against the use of processed foods in national schools. He strives to improve unhealthy diets and poor cooking habits in the United Kingdom and the United States. Jamie Oliver's speciality is Italian cuisine, although he has a broad international repertoire.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Jamie Oliver was brought up in Clavering, Essex, England. His parents ran a pub, "The Cricketers", where he used to practise in the kitchen.[1] He was educated at Newport Free Grammar School. He left school at age sixteen without qualifications and went on to attend Westminster Kingsway College, formerly Westminster College.[1][2] He then earned a City & Guilds NVQ in home economics.
His first job was as a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio's Neal's Yard restaurant, where he first gained experience with preparing Italian cuisine, and developed a relationship with his 'mentor' Gennaro Contaldo.[2] Oliver then moved to The River Café, Fulham, as a sous chef.
It was there where he was noticed by the BBC in 1997 after making an unscripted appearance in a documentary about the restaurant, "Christmas at the River Cafe".[3] That year, his show The Naked Chef debuted and his cookbook became a number one best-seller in the UK.[4] That same year, Oliver was invited to prepare lunch for then Prime Minister Tony Blair at No. 10 Downing Street.[4]
Personal life[link]
In July 2000, Oliver married former model Juliette Norton.[5] The couple met in 1993 and have four children: Poppy Honey Rosie Oliver (born 18 March 2002), Daisy Boo Pamela Oliver (born on 10 April 2003), Petal Blossom Rainbow Oliver (born on 3 April 2009)[6] and Buddy Bear Maurice Oliver (born on 15 September 2010).[7] Oliver announced the births of the two youngest children on Twitter.[8][9] The family lives in Clavering, Essex.[10]
Ancestry[link]
In 2009 Oliver claimed to be of partial Sudanese ancestry via his great-great grandfather John, whom he described as “a bit swarthy with curly hair”.[11] However, research for the Sunday Express established that John's father James was a hatter from Penzance, and that James' father Richard was also Cornish, leaving little or no possibility of a Sudanese connection. The family legend of Sudanese ancestry may have originated in the 19th century when John Oliver returned from sea, possibly with a tanned complexion after visiting Africa.[12]
Notable career milestones[link]
In 2000, Oliver became the face of the UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's through an endorsement deal worth $2 million a year.[4] After 11 years the partnership between Oliver & Sainsbury's ended. The final television advertisement was for Christmas 2011.[13]
Oliver created Fifteen in 2002. Each year, fifteen young adults who have a disadvantaged background, criminal record or history of drug abuse, are trained in the restaurant business.[14]
In 2003, he was awarded an MBE.[15]
In 2005, he initiated a campaign called "Feed Me Better" in order to move British schoolchildren towards eating healthy foods and cutting out junk food. As a result, the British government also pledged to address the issue. Delving into politics to push for changes in nutrition resulted in people voting him as the "Most Inspiring Political Figure of 2005," according to a Channel 4 News annual viewer poll.[4]
His emphasis on cooking healthily continued as he created Jamie's Ministry of Food, a television series where Oliver travelled to inspire everyday people in Rotherham, Yorkshire, to cook healthy meals. Another television series is Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution (2010–2011), where he travelled first to Huntington, West Virginia and then to Los Angeles to change the way Americans eat, and address their dependence on fast food.[4]
Oliver's holding company, Sweet As Candy, has made enough profit for Oliver to have been listed on The Sunday Times list of richest Britons under 30.[16][17]
In June 2008 he launched Jamie's Italian, his very first high-street business venture[clarification needed] in Oxford, England.[18]
It was reported in October 2009 that Oliver is in the process of raising US$22 million to help fund 30 of his Italian restaurants in Asia.[19]
In December 2009, Oliver received the 2010 TED Prize.[20]
Charity and campaigning[link]
Oliver conceived and established the Fifteen charity restaurant where he trained fifteen disadvantaged young people to work in the hospitality industry. Following the success of the original restaurant in London, more Fifteens have opened around the globe: Fifteen Amsterdam opened in December 2004, Fifteen Cornwall in Newquay opened in May 2006 and Fifteen Melbourne opened in September 2006 with Australian friend and fellow chef Tobie Puttock.[21]
Oliver then began a formal campaign to ban unhealthy food in British schools and to get children eating nutritious food instead. Oliver's efforts to bring radical change to the school meals system, chronicled in the series Jamie's School Dinners, challenged the junk-food culture by showing schools they could serve healthy, cost-efficient meals that kids enjoyed eating.[22] Jamie's efforts brought the subject of school dinners to the political forefront and changed the types of food served in schools.[23]
In June 2003, Oliver was awarded the MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours. He has also written columns for The Times. A great proponent of fresh organic foods, Oliver was named the most influential person in the UK hospitality industry when he topped the inaugural Caterersearch.com 100 in May 2005.[24] The list placed Oliver higher than Sir Francis Mackay, the then-chairman of the contract catering giant Compass Group, which Oliver had soundly criticised in Jamie's School Dinners. In 2006, Oliver dropped to second on the list behind fellow celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay.[25] In July 2010, Jamie regained the top spot and has been named as the most powerful and influential person in the UK hospitality industry once again.[26]
In December 2009, Oliver was awarded the 2010 TED Prize for his campaigns to "create change on both the individual and governmental levels" in order to "bring attention to the changes Englanders and now Americans need to make in their lifestyles and diet."[20]
In 2010, Oliver joined several other celebrity chefs on the series The Big Fish Fight.[27] In the series, Oliver, along with fellow chef Gordon Ramsay, spent time on a trawler boat to raise awareness about the discarding of hundreds of thousands of saltwater fish because the fisherman are prohibited from keeping any fish other than the stated target of the trawl.[citation needed]
Oliver is a patron of environmental charity Trees for Cities.[28]
Advertising[link]
From 1998, Oliver was the public face of the Sainsbury's supermarket chain in the UK, appearing on television and radio advertisements and in-store promotional material. The deal earned him an estimated £1.2 million every year.[29] By 2004, the company had made 65 advertisements with Oliver, but this arrangement has not been without controversy. Oliver was reported to have admitted that he does not use supermarkets, saying “For any chef, supermarkets are like a factory. I buy from specialist growers, organic suppliers and farmers".[30] He was also said to have been criticised by Sainsbury's CEO Justin King when he slammed the "junk" sold by supermarkets that ends up in the lunchboxes of millions of children. King reportedly hit back, saying: "Dictating to people – or unleashing an expletive-filled tirade – is not the way to get engagement."[31]
Oliver has also a line of non-stick pans and cookware for Tefal and has appeared in Australian television commercials for Yalumba wines, using Del Boy's catchphrase of "Lovely Jubbly".[citation needed]
Television shows[link]
Oliver's programmes are shown in over 40 countries, including the USA's Food Network. Oliver's Twist and Pukka Tukka picked up where The Naked Chef left off. More recently, Oliver has appeared in campaigning programmes to improve food in schools and the cooking skills of the average person.[citation needed]
The Naked Chef (1998–1999) was Oliver's first series. The title was a reference to the simplicity of Oliver's recipes and has nothing to do with nudity. Oliver has frequently admitted that he was not entirely happy with the title, which was devised by producer Patricia Llewellyn. (In the UK edit of the show, the opening titles include a clip of him telling an unseen questioner, "No way! It's not me, it's the food!") The success of the programme led to the books Return of the Naked Chef and Happy Days with the Naked Chef.
Series guide:
- Series 1 (6 editions): 14 April 1999 to 16 June 1999
- Series 2 (8 editions): 12 April 2000 to 31 May 2000
- Series 3 (8 editions): 16 October 2001 to 4 December 2001
- Special "Christmas comes early": 21 December 1999
- Special "Christmas in New York": 20 December 2000 - Jamie undertakes a stage in New York
- Special "Christmas Party": 19 December 2001
Pukka Tukka was launched in 2000 on Channel 4.[citation needed]
Oliver's Twist was launched in 2002.[citation needed]
Jamie's Kitchen was a five-part 2002 documentary series. It followed Oliver as he attempted to train a group of disadvantaged youths, who would, if they completed the course, be offered jobs at Oliver's new restaurant "Fifteen". This was followed by Return to Jamie's Kitchen in 2003.
Jamie's Kitchen Australia was a ten-part 2006 television series, similar to Jamie's Kitchen, that was based in and aired in Australia.
Jamie's School Dinners (2005) was a four-part documentary series. Oliver took responsibility for running the kitchen meals in Kidbrooke School, Greenwich, for a year. Disgusted by the unhealthy food being served to schoolchildren and the lack of healthy alternatives on offer, Oliver began a campaign to improve the standard of Britain’s school meals. Public awareness was raised and subsequently the British Government pledged to spend £280m on school dinners (spread over three years). Tony Blair acknowledged that this was a result of Oliver's campaign. Following the success of the campaign, Oliver was named "Most Inspiring Political Figure of 2005" in the Channel 4 Political Awards 2006. In episode 2 of Jamie's School Dinners, Oliver's Fifteen London restaurant was visited by former US President Bill Clinton. Clinton asked to see Oliver; however, Oliver refused: 36 showed up for a booking of 20 and many of them were on a South Beach Diet and refused the special menu that had been prepared, even though it had been approved in advance.[32]
Jamie's Great Italian Escape, a six-part travelogue series, was first broadcast on Channel 4 in Britain in October 2005. It follows Oliver as he travels around Italy in a blue VW van (plus a trailer for cooking). He is about to turn 30 and this is his personal adventure to rediscover his love of cooking.[citation needed]
Jamie's Return To School Dinners
Jamie's Chef (2007) was a four-part series continuing where Jamie's Kitchen left off. Five years and fifty trainees later, Oliver's most recent series aims to help the winning trainee establish their own restaurant at The Cock, a pub near Braintree, Essex. The charitable Fifteen Foundation retains ownership of the property and has provided a £125,000 loan for the winner, Aaron Craze, to refurbish the establishment. As of 13 January 2008, the Cock has closed down and reopened as a regular pub.[33][34]
Jamie at Home (2007) featured Oliver presenting home-style recipes and gardening tips, with many ingredients coming from his substantial home garden. Jamie at Home airs on the Food Network in the United States. Due to licensing restrictions, only two recipes from each Jamie at Home episode appear online; also, access to recipes is limited to users within the United States.[35]
Jamie's Fowl Dinners (2008) was a special with Jamie backing Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's "Hugh's Chicken Run" in trying to get the British to eat free range chickens.[36]
Jamie's Ministry of Food (2008) was a four-part series that aired from 30 September to 21 October 2008.[37] It was based in Rotherham, South Yorkshire.[38] Oliver aimed to make the town "the culinary capital of the United Kingdom" and tried to get the town's inhabitants to learn how to cook fresh food and establish healthy eating as part of daily life.[39] The 'Pass It On' campaign also featured in this series with the local townspeople being taught one of a selection of recipes and passing it on to family members and friends.[38] The 'Pass It On' campaign gained a following on the social networking website Facebook which has a group and fan page with users signing up to chart their progress.
What's Cooking? with Jamie Oliver (2008) is a video game with Oliver narrating.
Jamie Saves Our Bacon (2009) was part of Channel 4's British Food Fight Season, a thematic sequel to Jamie's Fowl Dinners. In the special, Oliver looks at the state of pig farming in the UK and EU. It was broadcast on 29 January 2009.[40]
Jamie's American Road Trip (2009) was a Channel 4 series following Jamie who, rather than visit fancy restaurants and top chefs, meets and learns from real cooks making honest food for working people at street stalls, off-road diners and down-to-earth local restaurants. Along the way, he picks up new recipes and experiences tastes old and new, as well as learning how other cultures adapt when they come to the USA.[41]
Jamie's Family Christmas (2009) was short series (5 episodes) on Channel 4 with Oliver cooking traditional and new Christmas dishes. More unusually this series includes members of Oliver's family: a family member (wife, children, sister etc.) appears in a supporting role with the preparation of particular recipe interspersed with more traditional Jamie alone delivery to an off-camera person. First broadcast 15 December 2009.[42]
Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution was a series that aired during 2010 and 2011 on ABC in the United States. In the first season, Oliver visited Huntington, West Virginia, statistically one of the unhealthiest cities in the USA, to try to improve its residents' eating habits. In 2010, the show won an Emmy for Outstanding Reality Programme.[43] In the second season Oliver visited Los Angeles, California where his crusade to change school meals was met with resistance. Oliver was ultimately barred from filming at any Los Angeles public school. The show's cancellation was announced by ABC in May 2011, two weeks before the final episode of the season had aired.[44] The program also aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 under the title Jamie's American Food Revolution, and in Australia on Channel 10 under the original title.
Jamie Does (2010) or Jamie Oliver's Food Escapes (2011, American title) is a Channel 4 series of 6 episodes following the success of Jamie's American Road Trip. Oliver travels across Europe and North Africa, cooking local dishes.
Jamie's 30 Minute Meals (2010) was Channel 4 series of 40 episodes aired during October–November. The programme focused on home-cooked meals that could be put together within the titular timeframe, using simple 'not cheffy' techniques. There was also an emphasis on educating viewers about the cooking processes themselves.[45]
Jamie's Dream School (2011) is a Channel 4 series that looks at young people’s educational problems and attempts to uncover whether they are down to personal circumstance, society, or the education system itself. It also examines how the new teachers get on as they try to translate their real-life expertise into the realities of the classroom. The experts include scientist Professor Robert Winston, historian David Starkey, barrister Cherie Blair, journalist and political aide Alastair Campbell, actor Simon Callow, artist Rolf Harris, musician Jazzie B and Olympic gold medallist Daley Thompson.
Jamie advertised with the Daily Mail in October 2011.
Jamie's Fish Supper (2011) was a one-hour special show in which Oliver cooked 10 fish recipes as a part of Big Fish Fight campaign.
Jamie Cooks Summer (2011) was a one-hour special in which Oliver cooked summer dishes in various outdoor locations.
Other television appearances[link]
Oliver has twice guest-hosted Channel 4's The Friday Night Project.
He has also made two appearances in the "Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car" segment of BBC Two's Top Gear. His first appearance was notorious for his attempt to make a green salad in the back of his Volkswagen Microbus,which was fitted with a Porsche engine, while the Stig drove it around the Top Gear test track.
Oliver is the second British celebrity chef (after Robert Irvine) to appear as a challenger on Iron Chef America, taking on Iron Chef Mario Batali in 2008 in a losing battle with cobia as the theme ingredient.[citation needed]
He starred as one of the judges in the 2008 US series Oprah's Big Give hosted by Oprah Winfrey on ABC (America).
He guest starred as himself in the "Meatloaf Surprise" episode of Phineas and Ferb.
Live shows[link]
The Happy Days Live tour was Oliver's first live show in 2001 and included several dates in the UK and Australasia.[46] Performing to sold-out venues, he cooked on stage and interacted with the audiences with competitions, music and special effects only usually seen in pop concerts.[47] He took the audiences by surprise by singing and drumming to a song called Lamb Curry written by his longtime friend Leigh Haggerwood. Oliver appears at the BBC Good Food show each year and took to the road once more in 2006 on an Australian tour where he performed in Sydney and Melbourne. Following the entertaining format of his first live show, the 2006 Australian tour featuring special guests including mentor Gennaro Contaldo, and students from Fifteen London. Oliver also performed a new song written by Leigh Haggerwood called Fish Stew which Jamie cooked to and also drummed along to at the end of the show. The shows were a great success and are featured in a one-off TV documentary called Jamie Oliver: Australian Diary.[48]
Controversy[link]
In 2005, Oliver was widely criticised by animal rights groups for slaughtering a fully conscious lamb on his TV show, while PETA praised Oliver for showing the killing uncensored, claiming that it highlighted problems with the methods used within slaughterhouses for viewers at home.[49] PETA spokesman Sean Gifford said that it "could turn the more diehard carnivore into a vegetarian."[49] British TV regulator Ofcom reported they had seven complaints from the public.[49]
Oliver has been known for his comments about other chefs and has spoken out against Marco Pierre White, who has been critical of Oliver in the past, and the notorious swearing of Gordon Ramsay.[50]
In 2005, Oliver embarked upon his school dinners campaign to improve the quality of food fed to pupils. While the campaign was arguably successful,[51] at the time it was a highly controversial shake-up for students and parents, some of whom believed that the students should have a healthy option available, but still be given the choice as to what they want to eat. In September 2006, Rawmarsh Community School, South Yorkshire, UK, made headlines after a handful of parents revolted against Oliver's lunch plan (in which all 1,100 pupils on site were fed two portions of fruit and three vegetables every day) by delivering junk food from local shops to the pupils through the school fence. One parent dismissed Oliver's food as "disgusting rubbish" and declared, "Food is cheaper and better at the local takeaways.”[52]
In 2008 Jamie revealed on Chris Moyles' Radio 1 show[53] that he had never cooked a hard boiled egg (as a dish in itself). Jamie volunteered the information, with some embarrassment, when discussing Delia Smith's infamous 'How to boil an egg' gaffe.
In 2011, Oliver, an advocate of cooking meals from scratch and using local produce, caused controversy after it turned out the sauces used in Jamie's Italian in Glasgow were from an industrial park almost 400 miles away in Bicester.[54] Oliver and Gordon Ramsay are spokeschefs for the "Big Fish Fight," which campaigns for sustainable seafood, but were criticised for their use of endangered fish.[55]
Also in 2011, Oliver came under fire for lack of food safety protections in his restaurants and illnesses associated with under cooking mince meat that may have been contaminated with E.coli.[56]
Pop culture[link]
Oliver was mentioned in the South Park episode "Medicinal Fried Chicken". Eric Cartman, one of the main characters, is ordered by Colonel Sanders to stop him from delivering his speech against KFC. He is also featured in the later episode "Crème Fraiche". Oliver cries while trying to convince celebrity chef Bobby Flay that kids' food should be healthy.[57]
Books[link]
- Something for the Weekend, ISBN 0-14-102258-2
- The Naked Chef, ISBN 0-7868-6617-9
- The Return of the Naked Chef, ISBN 0-7181-4439-2
- Published in America as The Naked Chef Takes Off, ISBN 0-7868-6755-8
- Happy Days with the Naked Chef, ISBN 0-7868-6852-X
- Jamie's Kitchen, ISBN 1-4013-0022-7
- Jamie's Dinners, ISBN 1-4013-0194-0
- Jamie's Italy, ISBN 0-7181-4770-7
- Cook With Jamie: My Guide to Making You a Better Cook , ISBN 0-7181-4771-5
- Jamie's Little Book of Big Treats, ISBN 0-14-103146-8
- Jamie at Home: Cook Your Way to the Good Life, ISBN 978-0-7181-5243-7
- Jamie's Ministry of Food: Anyone Can Learn to Cook in 24 Hours, ISBN 978-0-7181-4862-1
- Published in America as Jamie's Food Revolution: Rediscover How to Cook Simple, Delicious, Affordable Meals, ISBN 978-1-4013-2359-2
- Jamie's Red Nose Recipes, ISBN 978-0-14-104178-0
- Jamie's America, ISBN 978-0-7181-5476-9
- Jamie does... Spain, Italy, Sweden, Morocco, Greece, France, ISBN 978-0-7181-5614-5
- Jamie's 30-minute Meals, ISBN 978-0-7181-5477-6
- Jamie's Great Britain, ISBN 978-0-7181-5681-7
Notes[link]
- Jamie Oliver @ telegraph in The Telegraph
- Jamie Oliver biography in BBC Online
- Q&A with the Naked Chef Jamie Oliver, 8 November 2007
- Jamie Oliver's Restaurants – Fifteen at Visit Britain
- Jamie Oliver at the Chef and Restaurant Database
- 350 Years of Jamie's Family History
- Video of Jamie's talk at TED
- Jamie Oliver interviewed by Decca Aitkenhead on Guardian October 2010.
References[link]
- ^ a b "An in-depth look at your favourite celebrity personalities – hellomagazine.com, HELLO!". Hello! Magazine. http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/jamieoliver/. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
- ^ a b Walker, Andrew (30 March 2005). "BBC NEWS – Magazine – Profile: Jamie Oliver". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4394025.stm. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
- ^ "Miranda Sawyer meets Jamie Oliver – From The Observer – The Observer". The Observer (UK). 14 April 2002. http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2002/apr/14/features.magazine47. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "The Ups and Downs of Jamie Oliver, a Celebrity Chef". The New York Times. 11 October 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/10/11/magazine/20091011_JAMIE_TIMELINE.html. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ Dish of the day The Observer, 14 April 2002
- ^ Perry, Simon (3 April 2009). "Jamie Oliver Celebrates Birth of Baby Daughter". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20269884,00.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Meet Jamie Oliver's son, little Buddy Oli". The Independent (UK). 19 September 2010. http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/meet-jamie-olivers-son-little-buddy-oli-2083247.html. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ^ she's called Petal Blossom Rainbow Oliver Twitter / Jamie Oliver, 3 April 2009
- ^ A Boy At Last For Jamie Oliver And Jools Sky News, 16 September 2010
- ^ "Jamie Oliver's new love affair". Clacton and Frinton Gazette. 6 September 2007. http://archive.clactonandfrintongazette.co.uk/2007/9/6/257845.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Singh, Anita (25 August 2009). "Jamie Oliver: I'm sixth-generation Sudanese". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/6083245/Jamie-Oliver-Im-sixth-generation-Sudanese.html. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
- ^ "OUT OF ESSEX JAMIE IS NOT OUT OF AFRICA" – David Jarvis in The Daily Express 30 August 2009
- ^ "Sainsbury's and Jamie Oliver decide to end partnership in style"
- ^ "Jamie Oliver Puts America's Diet on a Diet"
- ^ "Oliver's pukka life as chef". BBC News. 13 June 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/2988426.stm. Retrieved 11 January 2011. "TV chef Jamie Oliver has been honoured with an MBE for his services to the hospitality industry ..."
- ^ Habershon, Ed; Lois Rogers (6 November 2005). "Jamie Oliver’s recipe for success brings in millions". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article587132.ece. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ "Jamie Oliver: Family & friends helped when banks said no". Business Matters magazine. http://www.bmmagazine.co.uk/Jamie-Oliver-Family-and-friends-helped-with-a-loan-when-the-bank-said-no.872. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "Oxford Opening for Oliver". BigHospitality.co.uk. http://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Venues/Oxford-opening-for-Oliver. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ Nicholas, Katrina and Patricia Kuo (9 October 2009). "Jamie Oliver Seeks Private Investors for Restaurants in Asia". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=aGqcWRXMqYRg.
- ^ a b Time. "Wishes Big Enough to Change the World » Congratulations Jamie Oliver – 2010 TED Prize Winner". TED Prize. http://www.tedprize.org/jamie-oliver/. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ theage.com.au. "Kids in the kitchen". http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/16/1092508353539.html. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "Jamie Oliver slams government for not supporting school meals reform" caterersearch.com. Retrieved on 2 November 2007
- ^ "Jamie Oliver's school dinners 'are more effective than literacy hour" March 29, 2010, The Times
- ^ "Jamie Oliver – 12/05/2005". Caterer Search. http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/Article.aspx?liArticleID=300470. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "CatererSearch 100 – the full list – 20 September 2006". Caterer Search. http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2006/09/20/308864/CatererSearch+100++the+ful+list.htm. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ Kerstin Kuhn. "Jamie Oliver regains top spot in the Caterersearch.com 100 – 01/07/2010". Caterer Search. http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2010/07/01/334134/jamie-oliver-regains-top-spot-in-the-caterersearch.com-100.htm. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "Teesside restaurant joins chefs' campaign" 24 January 2011, Evening Gazette
- ^ "Patrons and supporters". Trees for Cities. http://treesforcities.org/page.php?id=51. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Wheeler, Brian (11 June 2003). "Retrieved on 2008-01-01". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2979646.stm. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Poulter, Sean (7 December 2006). "Retrieved on 2007-12-31". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/dietfitness.html?in_article_id=421003&in_page_id=1798&in_page_id=1798&expand=true. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Sainsbury's gives Jamie Oliver a ticking off over school lunches". 14 September 2006. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23366808-details/Sainsbury's%20gives%20Jamie%20Oliver%20a%20ticking%20off%20over%20school%20lunches/article.do. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton episode 121 18 September 2006". ABC Australia. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1743226.htm. Retrieved 12 February 2007.
- ^ "Review from BeerInTheEvening.com". http://www.beerintheevening.com/pubs/s/23/23880/Cock/Beazley_End. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
- ^ "Review from ReviewCentre". http://www.reviewcentre.com/review521549.html. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
- ^ "Jamie at Home : Jamie Oliver". Food Network. http://www.foodnetwork.com/food/show_jh. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Jamie's Fowl Dinners | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamies-fowl-dinners/. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ Holmwood, Leigh (28 March 2008). "Jamie Oliver takes on British cuisine". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/mar/28/channel4.television1?gusrc=rss&feed=media. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
- ^ a b Renton, Alex (1 October 2008). "Jamie Oliver's Ministry of Food goes to Rotherham | Life and style | guardian.co.uk". Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2008/oct/01/jamie.oliver.ministry.food. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Ministry of Food – Home". Jamieoliver.com. http://www.jamieoliver.com/jamies-ministry-of-food. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "About Jamie Saves Our Bacon | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamie-saves-our-bacon/jamie-saves-our-bacon-08-12-12_p_1.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "All About Jamie's USA Show | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamie-s-american-roadtrip-09-07-24_p_1.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Jamie's Family Christmas | Food". Channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/food/on-tv/jamie-oliver/jamie-s-family-christmas/. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "jamie’s food revolution wins emmy award". JamieOliver.com. http://www.jamieoliver.com/news/jamie-s-food-revolution-wins-emmy-award. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
- ^ "Viva La Evolution! Requiem for Jamie Oliver’s Food Revolution". http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/06/jamie-oliver-food-revolution/. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- ^ Jamie's 30-Minute Meals
- ^ "Happy Days Tour Live!: Jamie Oliver (TV Episode): Information from". Answers.com. http://www.answers.com/topic/jamie-oliver-happy-days-tour-live-tv-episode. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Jamie Oliver – Happy Days Tour Live!: Jamie Oliver, Brian Klein: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00006JMQS. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ DVD review FIRST PUBLISHED 5 Oct 2002 By (5 October 2002). "Jamie Oliver: Happy Days Tour Live – DVD review (1 of 2)". Dvdtown.com. http://www.dvdtown.com/reviews/jamie-oliver-happy-days-tour-live/1294. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- ^ a b c "Jamie Oliver: The silencer of the lamb". Mirror. 11 November 2005. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/tm_objectid=16357445&method=full&siteid=94762&headline=jamie-oliver--the-silencer-of-the-lamb--name_page.html. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ^ Khan, Urmee (6 April 2010). "Oliver Interview". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7556414/Chefs-who-swear-on-TV-are-just-venting-their-own-problems-says-Jamie-Oliver.html. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ High Commendation For School Dinners Campaign. Greenwich Council. March 2006.
- ^ Perrie, Robin (16 September 2006). "Sinner ladies sell kids junk food". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/63611/Sinner-ladies-sell-kids-junk-food.html. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ Retrieved on 2011-09-15
- ^ Sauces at Jamie’s Italian are not pukka, say critics
- ^ Celebrity chefs Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver in hot water after serving rare eels
- ^ "Jamie Oliver Under Fire for Food Safety Violations". http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/05/jamie-oliver-under-fire-for-food-safety-violations/. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
- ^ "Creme Fraiche" Original Air Date: 17 November 2010
Further reading[link]
- List of social entrepreneurs
- Stafford Hildred, Jamie Oliver: The Biography (2001) ISBN 1-903402-55-7
- Gilly Smith, Jamie Oliver: Turning Up the Heat (2006) ISBN 0-233-00168-9
- Gilly Smith, Jamie Oliver: The Kitchen Crusader (2006) ISBN 978-1-86200-414-6
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jamie Oliver |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jamie Oliver |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Oliver, Jamie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1975-05-27 |
| Place of birth | Clavering, Essex, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Huntington, is a city in Cabell and Wayne counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia, along the Ohio River. Most of the city is in Cabell County, for which it is the county seat. A small portion of the city, mainly the neighborhood of Westmoreland, is in Wayne County. Its population was 49,138 at the 2010 census. Huntington is a part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). As of 2009, the MSA's population was 285,624. Huntington is the largest city within the MSA and the second largest city in West Virginia, behind Charleston. The city is also the home of Marshall University.
The city was named for Collis P. Huntington, who founded Huntington in 1870 as the western terminus for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) on the land west of the mouth of the Guyandotte River at the Ohio River. It was created as a railroad town for the C&O, when it initially stretched from Richmond, Virginia to the Ohio River. The city houses numerous railroad shops which expanded east to Newport News (and coal piers) and west to eventually reach Cincinnati and Chicago in the years after its founding.
