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Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence.^[1] A lieutenant colonel is typically in charge of a battalion in the army.

Lieutenant colonel ranks by country[link]

The following articles deal with the rank of lieutenant colonel (or its equivalent)

• Lieutenant-colonel (Canada)
• Lieutenant-colonel (France)
• Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)^[2]
• Lieutenant colonel (United States)

Lieutenant colonel equivalents[link]

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• Afghanistan — Dagarman (دګرمن)
• Albania — Nënkolonel
• Armenia — Pokhgndapet (փոխգնդապետ)
• Bangladesh — Lieutenant colonel
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — Potpukovnik
• Bulgaria — Podpolkovnik
• Czech Republic — Podplukovník
• People's Republic of China — 中校
• Republic of China (Taiwan) — 中校
• Denmark — Oberstløjtnant
• Egypt and Charter Arab League member countries — Moqaddem (مقدم)
• Estonia — Kolonelleitnant
• Ethiopia — Lieutenant koronel
• Finland — Everstiluutnantti
• Germany, Austria, Switzerland — Oberstleutnant
• Nazi Germany — Obersturmbannführer (only in the SS)
• Georgia — Vice-colonel (vitse-polkovniki)
• Greece — Antisyntagmatarkhis
• Hungary — Alezredes
• Indonesia — Letnan kolonel
• India — Lieutenant colonel ( लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल )
• Iran — Sarhang dovom (سرهنگ دوم)
• Israel — Sgan aluf (סגן-אלוף)
• Italy — Tenente colonnello
• Japan — nisa (2佐)
• South Korea — Jungryung (중령)
• North Korea — Jungjwa (중좌)
• Latvia — Pulkvežleitnants
• Lebanon — مقدم
• Lithuania — Papulkininkis
• Netherlands — Luitenant-kolonel
• Pakistan — Lieutenant Colonel
• Poland — Podpułkownik
• Portugal, Brazil — Tenente-coronel
• Philippines — Tinyente koronel
• Romania — Locotenent colonel
• Russia — Podpolkovnik
• Serbia — Potpukovnik
• Spain and some Spanish speaking countries — Teniente coronel
• Saudi Arabia — مقدم
• Slovenia — Podpolkovnik
• Sweden — Överstelöjtnant
• South Africa — Commandant/kommandant (1950–1994); Luitenant-kolonel (Afrikaans language: pre-1950 and post-1994)
• Turkey — Yarbay
• Norway — Oberstløytnant
• Slovakia — Podplukovník
• Thailand — พันโท
• Ukraine — Pidpolkovnyk
• Vietnam — Trung Tá
• Ireland — Lieutenant-colonel

See also[link]

• Comparative military ranks
• Canadian Forces ranks and insignia
• British Army officer rank insignia
• U.S. Army officer rank insignia

References[link]

Lieutenant Colonel Rick Francona is an author, commentator and media military analyst. He is a retired United States Air Force intelligence officer with extensive operational experience in the Middle East, including tours of duty with the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency. He was under contract to NBC News and appeared regularly on NBC, MSNBC and CNBC, as well as Radio Canada and other worldwide media.

Background[link]

Rick Francona served for over 27 years in the U.S. Air Force, most of it in the Middle East. Fluent in Arabic, he served in the region with the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency. The colonel has a bachelor's degree from Chapman College (now Chapman University) in Government and the Arabic language, and a master's degree from Troy State University in International Relations with a concentration in Middle East studies. He is a cousin of former Boston Red Sox manager Terry Francona.

Francona and his wife Emily, also a retired Air Force intelligence officer, reside on the Oregon Coast.

Military service[link]

Lt Col Rick Francona enlisted in the Air Force in 1970, and served as a Vietnamese linguist until 1973, conducting combat aerial reconnaissance missions over Vietnam and Laos in a variety of strategic and tactical aircraft. After Arabic language training, he served at a variety of locations in the Middle East from 1975 to 1977, and supported the evacuation of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon in 1976. In 1978, he became an Arabic language instructor at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California.

Following his commissioning in 1979, Lt Col Francona was an instructor at the Air Force intelligence school in Denver, Colorado. From 1982 to 1984, he was a Middle East operations officer with the National Security Agency in the United States and classified locations overseas. In 1984, he was assigned as an advisor to the Royal Jordanian Air Force in Amman, Jordan.

In 1987, Lt Col Francona was assigned to the Defense Intelligence Agency as the assistant Defense Intelligence Officer for the Middle East. During this assignment, he spent much of 1987 and 1988 at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq, as a liaison officer to the Iraqi armed forces directorate of military intelligence. Lt Col Francona traveled extensively as an observer of Iraqi combat operations against Iranian forces, and flew sorties with the Iraqi air force. His observations were key to the discovery of Iraqi chemical weapons capabilities and ballistic missile modifications.

Immediately following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August, 1990 and through the Gulf War, Lt Col Francona was deployed to the Gulf as the personal interpreter and advisor on Iraqi armed forces to commander in chief of the U.S. Central Command, General Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. As such, he was the lead interpreter for ceasefire talks with the Iraqi military at Safwan, Iraq, in March, 1991.

After the end of the Gulf War, the colonel served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and was a principal author of the Department of Defense report to Congress on the conduct of the Gulf war. In 1992, he was selected to be the first air attaché to the U.S. Embassy in Damascus, Syria, returning to the United States in early 1995.

From 1995 to 1996, Lt Col Francona served with the Central Intelligence Agency, and participated in a variety of sensitive operations in the Middle East, including the escape of an Iraqi scientist's family. During one of these operations, he survived an attempt on his life by Iraqi Intelligence Service agents. He was later awarded the CIA Bronze Seal Medallion for his service to the CIA.

In 1996, the colonel was selected to develop the Department of Defense counterterrorism intelligence branch. In late 1997, the colonel led a special operations team supporting NATO forces in Bosnia. He returned to the United States and retired from active duty in 1998.

His decorations include the   Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the   Defense Superior Service Medal, the   Bronze Star, and nine   Air Medals, as well as campaign awards for service in Vietnam, the Persian Gulf, and the Balkans. The colonel was awarded the Central Intelligence Agency Seal Medallion for his service with that agency. In 2006, Lt Col Francona was inducted into the Defense Language Institute Hall of Fame.

Commentary[link]

Lt Col Francona is a media analyst on Middle East political-military events, formerly under contract to NBC News and appeared regularly on NBC Nightly News, the Today Show, MSNBC, Hardball with Chris Matthews, Scarborough Country, Countdown with Keith Olbermann, and others. He also writes periodic articles for MSNBC, the Council on Foreign Relations, and his blog at Middle East Perspectives. He frequently speaks to conventions and public service audiences.

In 2010, Francona appeared as a subject matter expert on the Iraqi military and Saddam Hussein in an episode of Spike TV's "Who is the Deadliest Warrior."

The Pentagon's military analyst program[link]

In April 2008 documents obtained by New York Times reporter David Barstow revealed that Francona had been recruited as one of over 75 retired military officers involved in the Pentagon military analyst program. Participants appeared on television and radio news shows as military analysts, and/or penned newspaper op/ed columns. The program was launched in early 2002 by then-Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs Victoria Clarke. The idea was to recruit "key influentials" to help sell a wary public on "a possible Iraq invasion." ^[1]

References[link]

Books[link]

United States Air Force portal

• Ally to Adversary: An Eyewitness Account of Iraq's Fall from Grace, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD, 1999; ISBN 1-55750-281-1. Cited as one of the top ten regional books of the year by The Oregonian newspaper.
• Chasing Demons: My Hunt for War Criminals in Bosnia, Francona Advisors, Monterey, CA, 2012.