Bing Crosby

Wednesday, 19 September 2012

Bing Crosby & David Bowie - The Little Drummer Boy / Peace On Earth

Accentuate the Positive - Bette Midler & Bing Crosby

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Belmont Park
Belmont Park is a major thoroughbred horse-racing facility located in the hamlet of Elmont, New York, in the Town of Hempstead, in Nassau County, Long Island. It first opened on May 4, 1905.
http://wn.com/Belmont_Park
Del Mar Racetrack
Del Mar Racetrack is an American Thoroughbred horse racing track at the Del Mar Fairgrounds in the seaside city of Del Mar, California, 20 miles north of San Diego. Operated by the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club, it is known for the slogan: "Where The Surf Meets The Turf." It was built by a partnership including Bing Crosby, the actor Pat O'Brien, Jimmy Durante, Charles S. Howard and Oliver Hardy.
http://wn.com/Del_Mar_Racetrack
Del Mar, California
Del Mar is an upscale beach town in San Diego County, California. The population was 4,389 at the 2000 census. The San Diego County Fair is hosted on the Del Mar Fairgrounds every summer. Del Mar is Spanish for "of the sea" or "by the sea", because it is located on the Pacific Ocean. Colonel Jacob Taylor purchased from Enoch Talbert in 1885, with visions of building a seaside resort for the rich and famous.
http://wn.com/Del_Mar_California
Elmont, New York
Elmont is a hamlet (and census-designated place) as well as a bedroom suburb of New York City, New York, United States in Nassau County, on Long Island. Elmont is an unincorporated area of the Town of Hempstead. The population was 33,657 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Elmont_New_York
Gonzaga University
http://wn.com/Gonzaga_University
Madrid
http://wn.com/Madrid
Madrid, Spain
http://wn.com/Madrid_Spain
Moorpark, California
Moorpark is a city of 47,342 people, in Southern California. It was founded in 1900 by Robert Poindexter, presumably named after the moorpark apricots that grew in the area. The city has experienced a great amount of growth since the late 1970s.
http://wn.com/Moorpark_California
Spokane
http://wn.com/Spokane
Spokane, Washington
Spokane (, ) is a city located in the Northwestern United States in the state of Washington. It is the largest city and county seat of Spokane County, as well as the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest region. The city is located on the Spokane River in Eastern Washington, 110 miles (180 km) south of the Canadian border, approximately from the Washington-Idaho border, and east of Seattle.
http://wn.com/Spokane_Washington
Tacoma, Washington
Tacoma (, ) is a mid-sized urban port city in and the county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States. The city is on Washington's Puget Sound, southwest of Seattle, northeast of the state capital, Olympia, and northwest of Mount Rainier National Park. The population was 193,556, according to the 2000 census, while the Census Bureau estimated its population at 199,637 in 2009. Tacoma is the second-largest city in the Puget Sound area and the third largest in the state. Japanese automaker Toyota has a truck named after the city.
http://wn.com/Tacoma_Washington
The Brighton Centre
The Brighton Centre is a conference centre located in Brighton, England. The capacity of the main hall for conferences is 4,500 people and 5,100 for standing concerts.
http://wn.com/The_Brighton_Centre
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
Washington (state)
http://wn.com/Washington_(state)

Al Jolson
http://wn.com/Al_Jolson
Al Pacino
http://wn.com/Al_Pacino
Al Rinker
Al Rinker (December 20, 1907 – June 11, 1982) began performing as a partner with Bing Crosby in 1925 and the two singers formed the Rhythm Boys, which singer/songwriter/pianist Harry Barris later joined. Barris wrote the songs Mississippi Mud, I Surrender, Dear, and Wrap Your Troubles in Dream among others. The singing trio worked with Paul Whiteman's Big Band in Los Angeles until Crosby dissolved the group to go solo, recording both with Whiteman and on their own with Barris on piano.
http://wn.com/Al_Rinker
Albert Finney
Albert Finney (born 9 May 1936) is an English actor. He achieved prominence in films during the early 1960s, and has maintained a successful career in theatre, film and television.
http://wn.com/Albert_Finney
Alec Guinness
http://wn.com/Alec_Guinness
Alfred Hitchcock
Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English filmmaker and producer. He pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres. After a successful career in his native United Kingdom in both silent films and early talkies, Hitchcock moved to Hollywood. In 1956 he became an American citizen while remaining a British subject.
http://wn.com/Alfred_Hitchcock
Anthony Hopkins
Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins, CBE (born 31 December 1937), is a Welsh actor of film, stage and television. Considered to be one of the greatest living actors, he is perhaps best known for his portrayal of cannibalistic serial killer Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, its sequel, Hannibal, and its prequel, Red Dragon. Other prominent film credits include Magic, The Elephant Man, 84 Charing Cross Road, Dracula, Legends of the Fall, The Remains of the Day, Amistad, Nixon and Fracture. Hopkins was born and brought up in Wales. Retaining his British citizenship, he became a U.S. citizen on 12 April 2000. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003 and was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2008.
http://wn.com/Anthony_Hopkins
Anthony Quinn
:For other people named Anthony Quinn see Anthony Quinn (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/Anthony_Quinn
Bessie Smith
http://wn.com/Bessie_Smith
Bette Davis
http://wn.com/Bette_Davis
Beverly Garland
Beverly Garland (October 17, 1926 – December 5, 2008) was an American film and television actress, businesswoman, and hotel owner. Garland gained prominence for her role as Fred MacMurray's second wife, "Barbara Harper Douglas", in the 1960s sitcom My Three Sons (a role she played from 1969 until the series ended in 1972). In the 1980s, she co-starred as Kate Jackson's widowed mother, "Dotty West", in the television series Scarecrow and Mrs. King, on CBS. She also had a recurring role as Ginger Jackson on The WB Television Network series 7th Heaven.
http://wn.com/Beverly_Garland
Bill Mazeroski
http://wn.com/Bill_Mazeroski
Billie Holiday
http://wn.com/Billie_Holiday
Billy Bob Thornton
Billy Bob Thornton (born August 4, 1955) is an American actor, director, musician, playwright and screenwriter. Thornton gained early recognition as a cast member on the CBS sitcom Hearts Afire and in several early 1990s films including On Deadly Ground and Tombstone. In the mid-1990s, after writing, directing, and starring in the independent film Sling Blade, he won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay). He appeared in several major film roles following Sling Blade 's success, including 1998's Armageddon and A Simple Plan. During the late 1990s, Thornton, who has had a life-long love for music, began a career as a singer-songwriter. He has released three albums and was the singer of a blues rock band.
http://wn.com/Billy_Bob_Thornton
Bing Crosby
http://wn.com/Bing_Crosby
Bix Beiderbecke
http://wn.com/Bix_Beiderbecke
Bob Crosby
Bob Crosby (August 23, 1913, Spokane, Washington – March 9, 1993, La Jolla, California) was an American dixieland bandleader and vocalist, best known for his group Crosby and the Bob-Cats.
http://wn.com/Bob_Crosby
Broderick Crawford
http://wn.com/Broderick_Crawford
Buddy Adler
http://wn.com/Buddy_Adler
Burt Lancaster
http://wn.com/Burt_Lancaster
Campbell Scott
Campbell Scott (born July 19, 1961) is an American actor, director, producer, and voice artist.
http://wn.com/Campbell_Scott
Carl Fenton
Carl Fenton (1889-1980) born as Walter G. Haenschen, was an American bandleader, composer, and radio musician.
http://wn.com/Carl_Fenton
Cecil B. DeMille
http://wn.com/Cecil_B_DeMille
Charles S. Howard
http://wn.com/Charles_S_Howard
Charlton Heston
Charlton Heston (October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor of film, theatre and television.
http://wn.com/Charlton_Heston
Clark Gable
William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 – November 16, 1960) was an American film actor, nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Gable seventh among the greatest male stars of all time.
http://wn.com/Clark_Gable
Clint Eastwood
http://wn.com/Clint_Eastwood
Danny Kaye
Danny Kaye (January 18, 1913 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, singer, dancer, and comedian.
http://wn.com/Danny_Kaye
Darryl F. Zanuck
Darryl Francis Zanuck (September 5, 1902 – December 22, 1979) was an American producer, writer, actor, director, and studio executive who played a major part in the Hollywood studio system as one of its longest survivors (the length of his career being rivalled only by that of Adolph Zukor).
http://wn.com/Darryl_F_Zanuck
David Bowie
David Bowie ( ; born David Robert Jones, 8 January 1947) is an English rock musician, who has also worked as an actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for five decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s, and is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth of his work.
http://wn.com/David_Bowie
David Niven
James David Graham Niven (1 March 1910 – 29 July 1983), known as David Niven, was a British actor and novelist, best known for his roles as Phileas Fogg in Around the World in 80 Days and Sir Charles Lytton, a.k.a. "the Phantom," in The Pink Panther. He was awarded the 1958 Academy Award for Best Actor in Separate Tables.
http://wn.com/David_Niven
Dean Martin
Dean Martin (June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, film actor and comedian. Martin's hit singles included "Memories Are Made of This", "That's Amore", "Everybody Loves Somebody", "Mambo Italiano", "Sway", "Volare" and posthumous smash "Ain't That a Kick in the Head?". Nicknamed the "King of Cool", he was one of the members of the "Rat Pack" and a major star in four areas of show business: concert stage/night clubs, recordings, motion pictures, and television.
http://wn.com/Dean_Martin
Denise Crosby
Denise Michelle Crosby (born November 24, 1957) is an American actress best known for portraying Security Chief Tasha Yar on . She is also known for her numerous film and television roles, for starring in and producing the film Trekkies, and for being the granddaughter of Bing Crosby.
http://wn.com/Denise_Crosby
Dennis Crosby
Dennis Michael Crosby (July 13, 1934–May 7, 1991) was an occasional American actor, the son of singer and actor Bing Crosby, and twin brother of Phillip Crosby. He was the father of actress Denise Crosby.
http://wn.com/Dennis_Crosby
Dixie Lee
:For the franchised restaurant chain, see Dixie Lee Fried Chicken.
http://wn.com/Dixie_Lee
Dorothy Lamour
Dorothy Lamour (December 10, 1914 – September 22, 1996) was an American film actress. She is probably best-remembered for appearing in the Road to... movies, a series of successful comedies co-starring Bob Hope and Bing Crosby.
http://wn.com/Dorothy_Lamour
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was a composer, pianist, and big band leader.
http://wn.com/Duke_Ellington
Dwight Eisenhower
http://wn.com/Dwight_Eisenhower
Eddie Lang
Eddie Lang (October 25, 1902 – March 26, 1933) was an American jazz guitarist, regarded as Father of Jazz Guitar. He played a Gibson L-4 and L-5 guitar, providing great influence for many guitarists, including Django Reinhardt.
http://wn.com/Eddie_Lang
Frank McHugh
Francis Curray "Frank" McHugh (May 23, 1898 – September 11, 1981) was an American film and television actor.
http://wn.com/Frank_McHugh
Frank Sinatra
http://wn.com/Frank_Sinatra
Fred Allen
http://wn.com/Fred_Allen
Fred Astaire
Fred Astaire (May 10, 1899 – June 22, 1987), born Frederick Austerlitz, was an American film and Broadway stage dancer, choreographer, singer and actor. His stage and subsequent film career spanned a total of 76 years, during which he made 31 musical films. He was named the fifth Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. He is particularly associated with Ginger Rogers, with whom he made ten films.
http://wn.com/Fred_Astaire
Fredric March
Fredric March (August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American stage and film actor. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1932 for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and in 1946 for The Best Years of Our Lives.
http://wn.com/Fredric_March
Gary Cooper
http://wn.com/Gary_Cooper
Gary Giddins
Gary Giddins (born March 21, 1948) is an American jazz critic, author, and director, best known for his longtime work with The Village Voice. Born in Brooklyn, and raised on Long Island, Giddins graduated from Grinnell College, Iowa, in 1970. After some freelance work as a music and film critic, in 1974 he started writing his column "Weather Bird" for the Village Voice, which he ended in December 2003.
http://wn.com/Gary_Giddins
Gene Hackman
Eugene Allen "Gene" Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist.
http://wn.com/Gene_Hackman
George C. Scott
George Campbell Scott (October 18, 1927 – September 22, 1999) was an American stage and film actor, director and producer. He was best known for his bravura stage work, as well as his portrayal of General George S. Patton in the film Patton, and an early flamboyant film performance as General Buck Turgidson in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove. He has also widely been known for his rather gravelly voice.
http://wn.com/George_C_Scott
Grace Kelly
http://wn.com/Grace_Kelly
Gracie Fields
Dame Gracie Fields, DBE (born Grace Stansfield, 9 January 1898 – 27 September 1979), was an English-born, later Italian-based actress, singer and comedienne and star of both cinema and music hall.
http://wn.com/Gracie_Fields
Gregory Peck
Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor.
http://wn.com/Gregory_Peck
Gus Arnheim
http://wn.com/Gus_Arnheim
Hal B. Wallis
Hal B. Wallis, C.B.E. (born Harold Brent Wallis; September 14, 1898 – October 5, 1986) was an American motion picture producer.
http://wn.com/Hal_B_Wallis
Hal Roach
http://wn.com/Hal_Roach
Harry Barris
http://wn.com/Harry_Barris
Harry Crosby (actor)
Harry Lillis Crosby III (born 8 August 1958) is an American actor, singer and investment banker.
http://wn.com/Harry_Crosby_(actor)
Hillbilly
Hillbilly is a term referring to people who dwell in rural, mountainous areas of the United States, primarily Appalachia. Due to its strongly stereotypical connotations, the term is frequently considered derogatory, and so is usually offensive to those Americans of Appalachian heritage. However, the term is also used in celebration of their culture by the mountain people themselves.
http://wn.com/Hillbilly
Humphrey Bogart
http://wn.com/Humphrey_Bogart
Ian McKellen
Sir Ian Murray McKellen, CH, CBE (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. He has received a Tony Award and two Academy Award nominations. His work has spanned genres from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. He is known to many for roles such as Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy and as Magneto in the X-Men films.
http://wn.com/Ian_McKellen
Inger Stevens
Inger Stevens (born Inger Stensland, October 18, 1934April 30, 1970) was a Swedish-American movie and TV actress.
http://wn.com/Inger_Stevens
Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in history.
http://wn.com/Irving_Berlin
J.R. Ewing
http://wn.com/JR_Ewing
Jack Benny
http://wn.com/Jack_Benny
Jack Lemmon
John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor. He starred in more than 60 films including Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, Mister Roberts (for which he won the 1955 Best Supporting Actor Academy Award), Days of Wine and Roses, The Great Race, Irma la Douce, The Odd Couple, Save the Tiger (for which he won the 1973 Best Actor Academy Award), The Out-of-Towners, The China Syndrome, Missing, Glengarry Glen Ross, Grumpy Old Men and Grumpier Old Men.
http://wn.com/Jack_Lemmon
Jack Mullin
John T. "Jack" Mullin (1913–1999) was an American pioneer in the field of magnetic tape sound recording and made significant contributions to many other related fields. From his days at Santa Clara University to his death, he displayed a deep appreciation for classical music and an aptitude for electronics and engineering. When he died in 1999, he was buried with a rosary and a reel of magnetic tape. A 2006 documentary movie, , was made about his life and contributions to sound recording.
http://wn.com/Jack_Mullin
Jack Nicholson
John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor, film director and producer. He is renowned for his often dark-themed portrayals of neurotic characters.
http://wn.com/Jack_Nicholson
Jack Warner
:This article is about Jack Warner, the head of Warner Brothers. For other people named Jack Warner, see Jack Warner (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Jack_Warner
Jackie Robinson
http://wn.com/Jackie_Robinson
James Cagney
James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899 – March 30, 1986) was an American film actor. Although he won acclaim and major awards for a wide variety of roles, he is best remembered for playing "tough guys." In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time.
http://wn.com/James_Cagney
James Cavanaugh
http://wn.com/James_Cavanaugh
James Mason
http://wn.com/James_Mason
James Stewart
http://wn.com/James_Stewart
Jamie Foxx
Eric Marlon Bishop (born December 13, 1967), professionally known as Jamie Foxx, is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and singer. As an actor, his work in the film Ray earned him the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actor as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a musical/comedy. He is also a Grammy Award winning musician, producing two albums which have charted highly on the Billboard 200: Unpredictable, which topped the chart, and Intuition.
http://wn.com/Jamie_Foxx
Jason Robards
Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor on stage and in film and television and a winner of the Tony Award (theatre), two Academy Awards (film) and the Emmy Award (television). He was also a United States Navy combat veteran of World War II.
http://wn.com/Jason_Robards
Jean Hersholt
http://wn.com/Jean_Hersholt
Jesse Eisenberg
Jesse Adam Eisenberg (born October 5, 1983) is an American actor. He has played featured or starring roles in films such as The Squid and the Whale (2005), Adventureland (2009), Zombieland (2009), and The Social Network (2010).
http://wn.com/Jesse_Eisenberg
Jimmy Dorsey
James "Jimmy" Dorsey (February 29, 1904 – June 12, 1957) was a prominent American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, trumpeter, composer, and big band leader. He was known as "JD". He composed the standards "I'm Glad There is You (In This World of Ordinary People)" and "It's the Dreamer in Me".
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Dorsey
Joan Crawford
Joan Crawford (March 23, 1905 – May 10, 1977), born Lucille Fay LeSueur, was an American actress in film, television and theatre. Starting as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting on Broadway, Crawford was signed to a motion picture contract by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925. Initially frustrated by the size and quality of her parts, Crawford began a campaign of self-publicity and became nationally known as a flapper by the end of the 1920s. In the 1930s, Crawford's fame rivaled MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo. Crawford often played hardworking young women who find romance and financial success. These "rags-to-riches" stories were well-received by Depression-era audiences and were popular with women. Crawford became one of Hollywood's most prominent movie stars and one of the highest paid women in the United States, but her films began losing money and by the end of the 1930s she was labeled "box office poison".
http://wn.com/Joan_Crawford
Joel Whitburn
Joel Carver Whitburn (born November 29, 1939; Wauwatosa, Wisconsin) is an American author and music historian.
http://wn.com/Joel_Whitburn
John Gilliland
[[Image:Ksfojohn.gif|frame|"John Gilliland at KSFO, c. 1971" Courtesy of [http://www.library.unt.edu/resolveuid/2778cba10090c91e58ce2854519b940a The John Gilliland Collection].]]
http://wn.com/John_Gilliland
John Travolta
John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954) is an American actor, dancer and singer. He first became known in the 1970s, after appearing on the television series Welcome Back, Kotter and starring in the box office successes Saturday Night Fever and Grease. Travolta's career re-surged in the 1990s, with his role in Pulp Fiction, and he has since continued starring in Hollywood films, including Face/Off, Ladder 49 and Wild Hogs.
http://wn.com/John_Travolta
John Wayne
http://wn.com/John_Wayne
Jon Voight
Jonathan Vincent "Jon" Voight (born December 29, 1938) is an American film and television actor. He came to prominence at the end of the 1960s, with a performance as a would-be gigolo in 1969's Best Picture winner, Midnight Cowboy, for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination. Throughout the following decades, Voight built his reputation with an array of challenging roles, appearing in such landmark films as Deliverance (1972), and Coming Home (1978), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Actor. Voight's portrayal of sportscaster/journalist Howard Cosell, in the 2001 biopic Ali, earned critical raves and his fourth Oscar nomination. He starred in the seventh season of 24 as the villain Jonas Hodges.
http://wn.com/Jon_Voight
Joseph E. Levine
http://wn.com/Joseph_E_Levine
José Ferrer
http://wn.com/José_Ferrer
Judy Garland
http://wn.com/Judy_Garland
Kathryn Crosby
Kathryn Crosby (born November 25, 1933) is an American actress and singer who performed her most memorable roles under the stage-name Kathryn Grant.
http://wn.com/Kathryn_Crosby
Kirk Douglas
http://wn.com/Kirk_Douglas
Larry Crosby
http://wn.com/Larry_Crosby
Laurel and Hardy
Laurel and Hardy were one of the most popular comedy teams of the early to mid Classical Hollywood era of American cinema. Composed of thin, English-born Stan Laurel (1890–1965) and heavy, American-born Oliver Hardy (1892–1957) they became well known during the late 1920s to the mid-1940s for their work in motion pictures; the team also appeared on stage throughout America and Europe.
http://wn.com/Laurel_and_Hardy
Laurence Olivier
http://wn.com/Laurence_Olivier
Lee Marvin
Lee Marvin (February 19, 1924 – August 29, 1987) was an American film actor. Known for his gravelly voice, white hair and 6' 2" stature, Marvin at first did supporting roles, mostly villains, soldiers and other hardboiled characters, but after winning an Academy Award for Best Actor for his dual roles in Cat Ballou (1965), he landed more heroic and sympathetic leading roles.
http://wn.com/Lee_Marvin
Les Paul
http://wn.com/Les_Paul
Lindsay C. Howard
Lindsay Coleman Howard (March 31, 1904 - September 6, 1971) was an American sportsman. The son of the prominent businessman and Thoroughbred racehorse owner, Charles S. Howard, Lindsay Howard began riding horses at a young age and by the early 1930s had developed into a top class polo player. He captained the San Mateo Hurricanes that played in the Pacific Coast Inter-circuit Cup Polo Championship against such teams as the Midwick Country Club, captained by Neil McCarthy.[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/379867541.html?dids=379867541:379867541&FMT;=ABS&FMTS;=ABS:AI&type;=historic&date;=Mar+21%2C+1932&author;=&pub;=Los+Angeles+Times&desc;=HURRICANES+COP+TROPHY&pqatl;=google] Lindsay Howard and his brother Robert frequently played matches in Argentina, the polo capital of the world, and they and friend Bing Crosby decided to establish "Caballeriza Binglin Stock Farm" near Buenos Aires where they purchased a number of locally bred horses and shipped them back to the United States.
http://wn.com/Lindsay_C_Howard
Lindsay Crosby
Lindsay Harry Crosby (January 5, 1938 - December 11, 1989) was an American actor and singer.
http://wn.com/Lindsay_Crosby
Louis Armstrong
http://wn.com/Louis_Armstrong
Mack Sennett
Mack Sennett (January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-born American director and was known as the innovator of slapstick comedy in film. During his lifetime he was known at times as the "King of Comedy". His short "Wrestling Swordfish" was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1932 and he earned an Academy Honorary Award in 1937.
http://wn.com/Mack_Sennett
Marlon Brando
http://wn.com/Marlon_Brando
Matty Malneck
Matty Malneck (December 9, 1903 - February 25, 1981) was an American jazz violinist, violist and songwriter.
http://wn.com/Matty_Malneck
Maurice Chevalier
Maurice Auguste Chevalier (September 12, 1888 – January 1, 1972) was a French actor, singer, and popular vaudeville entertainer. Chevalier's signature songs included "Louise", "Mimi", "Valentine", and "Thank Heaven for Little Girls". His trademark was a boater hat, which he always wore on stage with his tuxedo (dinner jacket).
http://wn.com/Maurice_Chevalier
Max Bell
http://wn.com/Max_Bell
Mervyn LeRoy
Mervyn LeRoy (October 15, 1900 - September 13, 1987) was an American film director, producer and sometime actor.
http://wn.com/Mervyn_LeRoy
Michael Douglas
Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer, primarily in movies and television. He has won three Golden Globes and two Academy Awards, first as producer of 1975's Best Picture, ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and as Best Actor in 1987 for his role in Wall Street''. Douglas received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2009.
http://wn.com/Michael_Douglas
Michael Redgrave
http://wn.com/Michael_Redgrave
Mike Pecarovich
http://wn.com/Mike_Pecarovich
Mildred Bailey
Mildred Bailey (February 27, 1907 – December 12, 1951) was a popular and influential American jazz singer during the 1930s, known as "Mrs. Swing". Her number one hits were "Please Be Kind", "Darn That Dream", and "Says My Heart".
http://wn.com/Mildred_Bailey
Morgan Freeman
Morgan Porterfield Freeman, Jr. (born June 1, 1937) is an American actor, film director, and narrator. He is noted for his reserved demeanor and authoritative speaking voice.
http://wn.com/Morgan_Freeman
Murdo MacKenzie
http://wn.com/Murdo_MacKenzie
Nathaniel Crosby
Nathaniel Patrick Crosby (born October 29, 1961) is an American golfer.
http://wn.com/Nathaniel_Crosby
Ned Washington
http://wn.com/Ned_Washington
Nicolas Cage
Nicolas Cage (born Nicolas Kim Coppola; January 7, 1964) is an American actor, producer and director, having appeared in over 60 films including Face/Off (1997), Gone In 60 Seconds (2000), National Treasure (2004), Ghost Rider (2007), (2009), and Kick-Ass (2010). Cage, at age 32, became the fifth youngest actor ever to win the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Leaving Las Vegas.
http://wn.com/Nicolas_Cage
Orson Welles
http://wn.com/Orson_Welles
Paul Lukas
http://wn.com/Paul_Lukas
Paul Newman
http://wn.com/Paul_Newman
Paul Scofield
David Paul Scofield, CH, CBE (21 January 1922 – 19 March 2008), better known as Paul Scofield, was an English actor of stage and screen. Noted for his distinctive voice and delivery, Scofield received an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for his performance as Sir Thomas More in the 1966 film A Man for All Seasons, a reprise of the role he played in the stage version at the West End and on Broadway for which he received a Tony Award.
http://wn.com/Paul_Scofield
Paul Whiteman
Paul Samuel Whiteman (March 28, 1890 – December 29, 1967) was an American bandleader and orchestral director.
http://wn.com/Paul_Whiteman
People (magazine)
People (originally called People Weekly) is a weekly American magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. As of 2006, it has a circulation of 3.75 million and revenue expected to top $1.5 billion. It was named "Magazine of the Year" by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Age's annual "A-list" and #3 on ''Adweek's'' "Brand Blazers" list in October 2006.
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Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (; born July 3, 1962), better known by his screen name of Tom Cruise, is an American film actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and won three Golden Globe Awards. His first leading role was the 1983 film Risky Business, which has been described as "A Generation X classic, and a career-maker" for the actor. After playing the role of a heroic naval pilot in the popular and financially successful 1986 film Top Gun, Cruise continued in this vein, playing a secret agent in a series of action films in the 1990s and 2000s. In addition to these heroic roles, he has starred in many other successful films such as Jerry Maguire (1996), Magnolia (1999), Vanilla Sky (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Last Samurai (2003), Collateral (2004) and War of the Worlds (2005).
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Bing Crosby - Moonlight Becomes You

Bing Crosby sings Moonlight Becomes You from the Road to Morocco....

published: 02 Dec 2006

Author: UMBUNGOUMBUNGO

Bing Crosby "Swinging on a Star"

The great classic "Swinging on a Star" (written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny B...

published: 23 Aug 2007

Author: littlestuffedbull

WHITE CHRISTMAS - Bing Crosby

Sung by Bing Crosby in his 1954 musical film "White Christmas" featuring the son...

published: 18 Nov 2010

Author: christmas123100

Bing Crosby & David Bowie - The Little Drummer Boy / Peace On Earth

Music video by Bing Crosby & David Bowie performing The Little Drummer Boy / Peace On ...

published: 07 Dec 2010

Author: BingCrosbyVEVO

Bing Crosby Grace Kelly 'True Love'

From the film 'High Society'...

published: 26 Sep 2008

Author: tricialoui

Brother, Can You Spare A Dime?

"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" lyrics by Yip Harburg, music by Jay Gorney (193...

published: 01 Nov 2007

Author: src66

Bing Crosby - White Christmas

Bing Crosby - White Christmas...

published: 25 Nov 2008

Author: coffield26

As Time Goes By - Bing Crosby

...

published: 27 Nov 2009

Author: lt050043

Bing Crosby - Swinging on a star

Swinging on a star by Bing Crosby from the album King Bing....

published: 04 Nov 2008

Author: hanquatsch

Accentuate the Positive - Bette Midler & Bing Crosby

From the "Bing Crosby Special" (March 20, 1977)...

published: 29 Nov 2008

Author: delagosis

Bing Crosby - Silent Night

Video Produced by Bigwallypants. Bing Crosby - Silent Night...

published: 23 Nov 2007

Author: bigwallypants

Bing Crosby-"Sweet Georgia Brown"

w/Isham Jones & his orchestra* *Thanks bingfan22!...

published: 23 Jul 2007

Author: bingcrosby1903

Bing Crosby-"Dinah"

w/ The Mills Brothers....

published: 23 Jul 2007

Author: bingcrosby1903

Bing Crosby - Winter Wonderland

One of my favorite versions of this song! Originally recorded in 1962 for the album "...

published: 07 Nov 2009

Author: 6891man

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Photo: AP / Paul White

Real Madrid's coach Jose Mourinho from Portugal reacts after Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal during a Group D Champions League soccer match against Manchester City at the Santiago Bernabeu stadium in Madrid Tuesday Sept. 18, 2012.

Football: Real win thriller against Man City

Otago Daily Times

18 Sep 2012

Real Madrid pulled off a stunning Champions League comeback when they twice fought back from a goal down as Cristiano Ronaldo netted a 90th-minute winner in a 3-2 Group D win at home to Manchester...

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Amazombie rallies down stretch to win $300,000 Bing Crosby Stakes at Del Mar 30 Jul 2012

The Washington Post DEL MAR, Calif. — Amazombie rallied down the stretch to win the $300,000 Bing Crosby Stakes at Del Mar on Sunday. Under Mike Smith, Amazombie, ran the six furlongs in...(size: 1.1Kb)

Bing Crosby on Acid? 10 Films Plucked from Obscurity at the 8th Annual Orphan Film Symposium 17 Apr 2012

IMDb Every two years, a group of film geeks -- archivists, preservationists, historians, filmmakers and cinephiles -- get together to share films, videos, and...(size: 1.0Kb)

The story of Bing Crosby's hit Swinging on a Star 12 Apr 2012

The Examiner In 1945, the Oscar winning Best Song was Swinging on a Star. It was written for the Bing Crosby starring film Going My Way by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke. It was recorded in 1944 by Crosby. Legendary crooner Andy Williams and his brothers backed up Bing. The song writer, Jimmy Van Heusen, was...(size: 7.1Kb)

The Bing Crosby Theater SOLD! 16 Feb 2012

MSNBC SPOKANE, Wash. - GVD Commercial Properties, Inc. has purchased the Bing Crosby Theater. The nearly century-old building at the corner of Sprague and Lincoln was sold by Mitch Silver, owner of Silver Auctions, based in Spokane, in a deal that both parties announced on Feb. 16. The purchase price was...(size: 3.3Kb)

Hot Property: Bing Crosby's former home in Toluca Lake finds buyer 06 Jan 2012

my SA LOS ANGELES — Actor Dennis Quaid has sold his equestrian estate in Pacific Palisades, Calif., for $9.5 million. The French country-style main house, built in 2004, sits on 2 acres with a second...(size: 1.3Kb)

Memories of Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and the Beatles in England 05 Jan 2012

The Examiner A small town girl from South Tyneside, England who hit the big time working with the stars died two years ago just four days before her 75th birthday, after a five-year battle with cancer. Mrs. Wilson, worked as a television casting director, rubbing shoulders with many of the greats,...(size: 5.6Kb)

Pop culture Q&A;: Bing Crosby's sons didn't inherit his golden singing voice 27 Dec 2011

The Wichita Eagle Q: I watched "White Christmas" starring Bing Crosby the other night, which prompted me to wonder what became of his four boys from his first marriage. Did one or more inherit his singing voice? A: According to the official website bingcrosby.com, Bing had seven children: Gary, twins Dennis and...(size: 4.5Kb)

A Charles Osgood, Darlene Love Duet that would make Bing Crosby Smile 24 Dec 2011

mediabistro In a special Christmas Morning performance, “CBS Sunday Morning” host Charles Osgood and singer Darlene Love will perform...(size: 0.9Kb)

5 Important Christmas Reflections From The Real Bing Crosby 23 Dec 2011

IMDb With Christmas right around the corner, now's as good a time as any to take a moment to step back (from that...(size: 0.8Kb)

Dreaming of a white Christmas at former Bing Crosby estate 22 Dec 2011

The Los Angeles Times A Toluca Lake home still referred to as the Bing Crosby Estate despite a succession of other entertainment industry owners has sold for $4.02 million. The singer and actor lived on the property from 1936 until early January 1943, when the 20-room house there was gutted in a Christmas tree fire,...(size: 30.5Kb)

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Bing Crosby
Crosby on June 15, 1942
Background information
Birth name	Harry Lillis Crosby
Born	(1903-05-03)May 3, 1903^[1] Tacoma, Washington, US
Died	October 14, 1977(1977-10-14) (aged 74) Madrid, Spain
Genres	Traditional pop, jazz, vocal^[2]
Occupations	Singer, actor
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1926–1977
Labels	Brunswick, Decca, Reprise, RCA Victor, Verve, United Artists
Associated acts	Bob Hope, Dixie Lee, Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Fred Astaire, The Rhythm Boys, Rosemary Clooney, David Bowie, Louis Armstrong
Website	bingcrosby.com

Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977)^[3] was an American singer and actor. Crosby's trademark bass-baritone voice made him one of the best-selling recording artistes of the 20th century, with over half a billion records in circulation.^[4]

A multimedia star, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings and motion picture grosses.^[5] His early career coincided with technical recording innovations; this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como,^[6] Frank Sinatra, and Dean Martin. Yank magazine recognized Crosby as the person who had done the most for American G.I. morale during World War II and, during his peak years, around 1948, polls declared him the "most admired man alive," ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII.^[7]^[8] Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music.^[8]

Crosby exerted an important influence on the development of the postwar recording industry. He worked for NBC at the time and wanted to record his shows; however, most broadcast networks did not allow recording. This was mainly because of the quality of recording at the time. While in Europe performing during the war, Crosby had witnessed tape recording, on which The Crosby Research Foundation would come to have many patents. The company also developed equipment and recording techniques such as the Laugh Track which are still in use today.^[9] In 1947, he invested $50,000 in the Ampex company, which built North America's first commercial reel-to-reel tape recorder. He left NBC to work for ABC because NBC was not interested in recording at the time. This proved beneficial because ABC accepted him and his new ideas.^[10] Crosby then became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings onto magnetic tape. He gave one of the first Ampex Model 200 recorders to his friend, musician Les Paul, which led directly to Paul's invention of multitrack recording. Along with Frank Sinatra, Crosby was one of the principal backers behind the famous United Western Recorders recording studio complex in Los Angeles.^[11]

During the "Golden Age of Radio," performers often had to recreate their live shows a second time for the west coast time zone. Through the medium of recording, Crosby constructed his radio programs with the same directorial tools and craftsmanship (editing, retaking, rehearsal, time shifting) being used in motion picture production. This became the industry standard.

Crosby won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Father Chuck O'Malley in the 1944 motion picture Going My Way, and was nominated for his reprise of the role in The Bells of St. Mary's the next year, becoming the first of four actors to be nominated twice for playing the same character. In 1963, Crosby received the first Grammy Global Achievement Award.^[12] Crosby is one of the 22 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Early life [link]

Crosby was born in Tacoma, Washington, on May 3, 1903,^[1] in a house his father built at 1112 North J Street.^[13] In 1906, Crosby's family moved to Spokane, Washington.^[14] In 1913, Crosby's father built a house at 508 E. Sharp Ave.^[15] The house now sits on the campus of Bing's alma mater Gonzaga University and formerly housed the Alumni Association.

He was the fourth of seven children: brothers Larry (1895–1975), Everett (1896–1966), Ted (1900–1973), and Bob (1913–1993); and two sisters, Catherine (1904–1974) and Mary Rose (1906–1990). His parents were Harry Lincoln Crosby (1870–1950), a bookkeeper, and Catherine Helen (known as Kate) (née Harrigan; 1873–1964). Crosby's mother was a second generation Irish-American.^[16] His father was of English descent; some of his ancestors had emigrated to what would become the U.S. in the 17th century, and included Patience Brewster, the daughter of the Pilgrim leader and Mayflower passenger William Brewster (c. 1567 – April 10, 1644).^[17]

In 1910, six-year-old Harry Crosby was forever renamed. The Sunday edition of the Spokesman-Review published a feature called "The Bingville Bugle".^[18]^[19] Written by humorist Newton Newkirk, The Bingville Bugle was a parody of a hillbilly newsletter filled with gossipy tidbits, minstrel quips, creative spelling, and mock ads. A neighbor, 15-year-old Valentine Hobart, shared Crosby's enthusiasm for "The Bugle" and noting Crosby's laugh, took a liking to him and called him "Bingo from Bingville". Eventually the last vowel was dropped and the nickname stuck.^[20]

In 1917, Crosby took a summer job as property boy at Spokane's "Auditorium," where he witnessed some of the finest acts of the day, including Al Jolson, who held Crosby spellbound with his ad libbing and spoofs of Hawaiian songs. Crosby later described Jolson's delivery as "electric".^[21]

Popular success [link]

Music [link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011)

In 1923, Bing Crosby was invited to join a new band composed of high school students much younger than himself. Al Rinker, Miles Rinker, James Heaton, Claire Pritchard and Robert Pritchard, along with drummer Bing Crosby, formed the Musicaladers, who performed at dances both for high school students and club-goers. However, the group disbanded after two years. .^[22]

By 1925, Crosby had formed a vocal duo with partner Al Rinker, brother of singer Mildred Bailey. Mildred introduced Al and Bing to Paul Whiteman, who was at that time America's most famous bandleader. Hired for $150 a week, they made their debut on December 6, 1926 at the Tivoli Theatre (Chicago). Their first recording was "I've Got The Girl," with Don Clark's Orchestra, but the Columbia-issued record did them no vocal favors, as it was inadvertently recorded at a speed slower than it should have been, which increased the singers' pitch when played at 78 rpm. Throughout his career, Bing Crosby often credited Mildred Bailey for getting him his first important job in the entertainment business.

Even as the Crosby and Rinker duo was increasing in popularity, Whiteman added a third member to the group. The threesome, now including pianist and aspiring songwriter Harry Barris, were dubbed "The Rhythm Boys". They joined the Whiteman touring act, performing and recording with musicians Bix Beiderbecke, Jack Teagarden, Tommy Dorsey, Jimmy Dorsey, and Eddie Lang and Hoagy Carmichael, and appeared together in a Whiteman movie.

Crosby soon became the star attraction of the Rhythm Boys, and in 1928 had his first number one hit with the Whiteman orchestra, a jazz-influenced rendition of "Ol' Man River". However, Crosby's reported taste for alcohol and his growing dissatisfaction with Whiteman led to the Rhythm Boys quitting to join the Gus Arnheim Orchestra. During his time with Arnheim, the other two Rhythm Boys were increasingly pushed to the background as the emphasis was on Crosby. Harry Barris wrote several of Crosby's subsequent hits including "At Your Command," "I Surrender Dear", and "Wrap Your Troubles In Dreams". But the members of the band had a falling out and split, setting the stage for Crosby's solo career.^[23]

On September 2, 1931, Crosby made his solo radio debut.^[24] Before the end of the year, he signed with both Brunswick Records and CBS Radio. Doing a weekly 15-minute radio broadcast, Crosby quickly became a huge hit.^[23] His songs "Out of Nowhere", "Just One More Chance", "At Your Command" and "I Found a Million Dollar Baby (in a Five and Ten Cent Store)" were all among the best selling songs of 1931.^[23]

As the 1930s unfolded, Crosby became the leading singer in America. Ten of the top 50 songs for 1931 featured Crosby, either solo or with others. A so-called "Battle of the Baritones" with singing star Russ Columbo proved short-lived, replaced with the slogan "Bing Was King." Crosby played the lead in a series of sound era musical comedy short films for Mack Sennett, signed a long-term deal with Jack Kapp's new record company Decca, and starred in his first full-length feature, 1932's The Big Broadcast, the first of 55 films in which he received top billing. He would appear in 79 pictures.

Around this time Crosby co-starred on radio with The Carl Fenton Orchestra on a popular CBS radio show. By 1936, he'd replaced his former boss, Paul Whiteman, as the host of NBC's Kraft Music Hall, the weekly radio program where he remained for the next ten years. "Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)", which also showcased one of his then-trademark whistling interludes, became his theme song and signature tune.

Crosby's much-imitated style helped take popular singing beyond the kind of "belting" associated with boisterous performers like Al Jolson, who had been obliged to reach the back seats in New York theatres without the aid of the microphone. As Henry Pleasants noted in The Great American Popular Singers, something new had entered American music, a style that might be called "singing in American," with conversational ease. This new sound led to the popular epithet "crooner".

Crosby in Road to Singapore (1940)

Crosby made numerous live appearances before American troops fighting in the European Theater. He also learned how to pronounce German from written scripts, and would read propaganda broadcasts intended for the German forces. The nickname "Der Bingle" for him was understood to have become current among Crosby's German listeners, and came to be used by his English-speaking fans. In a poll of U.S. troops at the close of World War II, Crosby topped the list as the person who had done the most for G.I. morale, ahead of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, General Dwight Eisenhower, and Bob Hope.

"White Christmas"[link]

From White Christmas trailer (1954)

The biggest hit song of Crosby's career was his recording of Irving Berlin's "White Christmas", which he first introduced on a Christmas Day radio broadcast in 1941 (of which no extant copy is known), and soon thereafter in his 1942 movie Holiday Inn. Crosby's recording hit the charts on October 3, 1942, and rose to No. 1 on October 31, where it stayed for 11 weeks. A holiday perennial, the song was repeatedly re-released by Decca, charting another 16 times. It topped the charts again in 1945, and for a third time in January 1947. The song remains the best-selling single of all time.^[23] According to Guinness World Records, Crosby's recording of "White Christmas" has "sold over 100 million copies around the world, with at least 50 million sales as singles."^[25] Crosby's recording was so popular that he was obliged to re-record it in 1947 using the same musicians and backup singers; the original 1942 master had become damaged due to its frequent use in pressing additional singles. Though the two versions are very similar, it is the 1947 recording which is most familiar today. Crosby was dismissive of his role in the song's success, saying later that "a jackdaw with a cleft palate could have sung it successfully."

Motion pictures [link]

See Bing Crosby filmography

Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, and Dorothy Lamour

With 1,077,900,000 movie tickets sold, Crosby is by that measure the third most popular actor of all time, behind Clark Gable and John Wayne.^[26] The Quigley Publishing Company's International Motion Picture Almanac lists Crosby in a tie for second on the "All Time Number One Stars List" with Clint Eastwood, Tom Hanks, and Burt Reynolds.^[27] Crosby's most popular film, White Christmas, grossed $30 million in 1954 ($260 million in current value).^[26] Crosby won an Academy Award for Best Actor for Going My Way in 1944, and was nominated for the 1945 sequel, The Bells of Saint Mary's. He received critical acclaim for his performance as an alcoholic entertainer in The Country Girl, and received his third Academy Award nomination.

Crosby with Bob Hope in Road to Bali (1952)

Crosby starred with Bob Hope in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962, cementing the two entertainers as an on-and-off duo, despite never officially declaring themselves a "team" in the sense that Laurel and Hardy or Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis were teams. The series consists of Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong (1962), and Crosby and Hope were planning another entry called The Road to the Fountain of Youth in 1977, which was dropped upon Crosby's death. Appearing solo, Crosby and Hope frequently made note of the other during their various appearances, typically in a comically insulting fashion, and they appeared together countless times on stage, radio, and television over the decades as well as cameos in several additional films.

By the late 1950s, Crosby's singing career had evolved into that of an avuncular elder statesman, and his albums Bing Sings Whilst Bregman Swings and Bing With A Beat sold reasonably well,^[23] even in the rock 'n roll era. In 1960, Crosby starred in High Time, a collegiate comedy with Fabian and Tuesday Weld that foretold the emerging gap between older Crosby fans and a new generation of films and music.^[23]

Warner Bros. cartoons occasionally caricatured Crosby, alternately as an animal and as himself. His recognizable appearance popped up in I've Got to Sing a Torch Song, Hollywood Steps Out and What's Up, Doc?, while bird versions appeared in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos, Swooner Crooner and Curtain Razor. Bingo Crosbyana had an insect version of him.

Television [link]

The Fireside Theater (1950) was Crosby's first television production. The series of 26-minute shows was filmed at Hal Roach Studios rather than performed live on the air. The "telefilms" were syndicated to individual television stations.

Crosby and his family in a skit for his 1974 Christmas special.

Crosby was a frequent guest on the musical variety shows of the 1950s and 1960s. He was especially closely associated with ABC's variety show The Hollywood Palace. He was the show's first and most frequent guest host, and appeared annually on its Christmas edition with his wife Kathryn and his younger children. In the early 1970s he made two famous late appearances on the Flip Wilson Show, singing duets with the comedian. Crosby's last TV appearance was a Christmas special filmed in London in September 1977 and aired just weeks after his death. It was on this special that Crosby recorded a duet of "The Little Drummer Boy" and "Peace on Earth" with the flamboyant rock star David Bowie. It was rush-released as a single 45-rpm record, and has since become a staple of holiday radio, and the final popular hit of Crosby's career. At the end of the century, TV Guide listed the Crosby-Bowie duet as one of the 25 most memorable musical moments of 20th-century television.

Bing Crosby Productions, affiliated with Desilu Studios and later CBS Television Studios, produced a number of television series, including Crosby's own unsuccessful ABC sitcom The Bing Crosby Show in the 1964–1965 season (with co-stars Beverly Garland and Frank McHugh). The company produced two ABC medical dramas, Ben Casey (1961–1966) and Breaking Point (1963–1964), the popular Hogan's Heroes (1965–1971) military comedy on CBS, as well as the lesser-known show Slattery's People (1964–1965).

Singing style and vocal characteristics [link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Crosby was one of the first singers to exploit the intimacy of the microphone, rather than using the deep, loud "vaudeville style" associated with Al Jolson and others. Crosby's love and appreciation of jazz music helped bring the genre to a wider mainstream audience. Within the framework of the novelty singing style of The Rhythm Boys, Crosby bent notes and added off-tune phrasing, an approach that was firmly rooted in jazz. He had already been introduced to Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith prior to his first appearance on record. Crosby and Armstrong would remain professionally friendly for decades, notably in the 1956 film High Society, where they sang the duet "Now You Has Jazz."

During the early portion of his solo career (about 1931–1934), Crosby's emotional, often pleading style of crooning was extremely popular. But Jack Kapp (manager of Brunswick and later Decca) talked Crosby into dropping many of his jazzier mannerisms, in favor of a straight-ahead clear vocal style.

Crosby also elaborated on a further idea of Al Jolson's: phrasing, or the art of making a song's lyric ring true. His success in doing so was influential. "I used to tell Sinatra over and over," said Tommy Dorsey, "there's only one singer you ought to listen to and his name is Crosby. All that matters to him is the words, and that's the only thing that ought to for you, too."

Vocal critic Henry Pleasants wrote:

[While] the octave B flat to B flat in Bing's voice at that time [1930s] is, to my ears, one of the loveliest I have heard in forty-five years of listening to baritones, both classical and popular, it dropped conspicuously in later years. From the mid-1950s, Bing was more comfortable in a bass range while maintaining a baritone quality, with the best octave being G to G, or even F to F. In a recording he made of 'Dardanella' with Louis Armstrong in 1960, he attacks lightly and easily on a low E flat. This is lower than most opera basses care to venture, and they tend to sound as if they were in the cellar when they get there.^[28]

Career statistics [link]

Crosby's was among the most popular and successful musical acts of the 20th century. Although Billboard Magazine operated under different methodologies for the bulk of Crosby's career, his chart numbers remain astonishing: 383 chart singles, including 41 No. 1 hits. Crosby had separate charting singles in every calendar year between 1931 and 1954; the annual re-release of "White Christmas" extended that streak to 1957. He had 24 separate popular singles in 1939 alone. Billboard's statistician Joel Whitburn determined Crosby to be America's most successful recording act of the 1930s, and again in the 1940s.

Crosby with Danny Kaye in White Christmas (1954)

For 15 years (1934, 1937, 1940, 1943–1954), Crosby was among the top 10 in box office drawing power, and for five of those years (1944–1948) he was tops in the world.^[23] He sang four Academy Award-winning songs – "Sweet Leilani" (1937), "White Christmas" (1942), "Swinging on a Star" (1944), "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening" (1951) – and won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Going My Way (1944).

He collected 23 gold and platinum records, according to the book Million Selling Records. The Recording Industry Association of America did not institute its gold record certification program until 1958, by which point Crosby's record sales were barely a blip; prior to that point, gold records are awarded by an artist's own record company. Universal Music, current owner of Crosby's Decca catalog, has never requested RIAA certification for any of his hit singles.

Although often overlooked in many Crosby biographies, Bing charted an impressive 23 Billboard hits from 47 recorded songs with the immensely popular Andrews Sisters, whose Decca record sales were second only to Bing's throughout the 1940s. Patty, Maxene, and LaVerne were his most frequent collaborators on disc from 1939–1952, a partnership which produced four million-selling singles: "Pistol Packin' Mama," "Jingle Bells," "Don't Fence Me In," and "South America, Take it Away." They made one film appearance together in "Road to Rio" singing "You Don't Have to Know the Language," and they sang together countless times on radio shows throughout the 1940s and 1950s (appearing as guests on each other's shows quite often, as well as on many shows for the Armed Forces Radio Service during World War Two and beyond. The quartet's Top-10 Billboard hits from 1943–1945 (including "The Vict'ry Polka," "There'll Be a Hot Time in the Town of Berlin (When the Yanks Go Marching In)," and "Is You Is or Is You Ain't (Ma' Baby?)") helped provide the musical soundtrack for America's greatest generation during the dark war years.^[29]

In 1962, Crosby was given the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He has been inducted into the halls of fame for both radio and popular music. In 2007 Crosby was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame, and in 2008 into the Western Music Hall of Fame.^[30]

Entrepreneurship [link]

Mass media [link]

Crosby's radio career took a significant turn in 1945, when he clashed with NBC over his insistence that he be allowed to pre-record his radio shows. (The live production of radio shows was also reinforced by the musicians' union and ASCAP, which wanted to ensure continued work for their members.) In On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio, historian John Dunning wrote about German engineers having developed a tape recorder with a near-professional broadcast quality standard:

[Crosby saw] an enormous advantage in prerecording his radio shows. The scheduling could now be done at the star's convenience. He could do four shows a week, if he chose, and then take a month off. But the networks and sponsors were adamantly opposed. The public wouldn't stand for 'canned' radio, the networks argued. There was something magic for listeners in the fact that what they were hearing was being performed, and heard everywhere, at that precise instant. Some of the best moments in comedy came when a line was blown and the star had to rely on wit to rescue a bad situation. Fred Allen, Jack Benny, Phil Harris, and, yes, Crosby were masters at this, and the networks weren't about to give it up easily.

Crosby's insistence eventually factored into the further development of magnetic tape sound recording and the radio industry's widespread adoption of it.^[31]^[32]^[33] He used his clout, both professional and financial, to innovate new methods of reproducing audio of his performances. But NBC (and competitor CBS) were also insistent, refusing to air prerecorded radio programs. Crosby walked away from the network and stayed off the air for seven months, creating a legal battle with Kraft, his sponsor, that was settled out of court. Crosby returned to the air for the last 13 weeks of the 1945–1946 season.

The Mutual network, on the other hand, had pre-recorded some of its programs as early as the 1938 run of The Shadow with Orson Welles. And the new ABC network, which had been formed out of the sale of the old NBC Blue network in 1943 following a federal anti-trust action, was willing to join Mutual in breaking the tradition. ABC offered Crosby $30,000 per week to produce a recorded show every Wednesday that would be sponsored by Philco. He would also get an additional $40,000 from 400 independent stations for the rights to broadcast the 30-minute show, which was sent to them every Monday on three 16-inch lacquer/aluminum discs that played ten minutes per side at 33⅓ rpm.

Crosby wanted to change to recorded production for several reasons. The legend that has been most often told is that it would give him more time for his golf game. And he did record his first Philco program in August 1947 so he could enter the Jasper National Park Invitational Golf Tournament in September, just when the new radio season was to start. But golf was not the most important reason.

Though Crosby did want more time to tend his other business and leisure activities, he also sought better quality through recording, including being able to eliminate mistakes and control the timing of his show performances. Because his own Bing Crosby Enterprises produced the show, he could purchase the latest and best sound equipment and arrange the microphones his way; the logistics of mic placement had long been a hotly debated issue in every recording studio since the beginning of the electrical era. No longer would he have to wear the hated toupee on his head previously required by CBS and NBC for his live audience shows (he preferred a hat). He could also record short promotions for his latest investment, the world's first frozen orange juice, sold under the brand name Minute Maid. This investment allowed Crosby to make more money by finding a loophole whereby the IRS couldn't tax him at a 77% rate.^[34]

The transcription method posed problems, however. The acetate surface coating of the aluminum discs was little better than the wax that Edison had used at the turn of the 19th to 20th century, with the same limited dynamic range and frequency response.

But Murdo MacKenzie of Bing Crosby Enterprises had seen a demonstration of the German Magnetophon in June 1947—the same device that Jack Mullin had brought back from Radio Frankfurt, along with 50 reels of tape, at the end of the war. It was one of the magnetic tape recorders that BASF and AEG had built in Germany starting in 1935. The 6.5mm ferric-oxide-coated tape could record 20 minutes per reel of high-quality sound. Alexander M. Poniatoff ordered his Ampex company, which he'd founded in 1944, to manufacture an improved version of the Magnetophone.

Crosby hired Mullin to start recording his Philco Radio Time show on his German-made machine in August 1947, using the same 50 reels of I.G. Farben magnetic tape that Mullin had found at a radio station at Bad Nauheim near Frankfurt while working for the U.S. Army Signal Corps. The crucial advantage was editing. As Crosby wrote in his autobiography:

By using tape, I could do a thirty-five or forty-minute show, then edit it down to the twenty-six or twenty-seven minutes the program ran. In that way, we could take out jokes, gags, or situations that didn't play well and finish with only the prime meat of the show; the solid stuff that played big. We could also take out the songs that didn't sound good. It gave us a chance to first try a recording of the songs in the afternoon without an audience, then another one in front of a studio audience. We'd dub the one that came off best into the final transcription. It gave us a chance to ad lib as much as we wanted, knowing that excess ad libbing could be sliced from the final product. If I made a mistake in singing a song or in the script, I could have some fun with it, then retain any of the fun that sounded amusing.

Mullin's 1976 memoir of these early days of experimental recording agrees with Crosby's account:

In the evening, Crosby did the whole show before an audience. If he muffed a song then, the audience loved it – thought it was very funny – but we would have to take out the show version and put in one of the rehearsal takes. Sometimes, if Crosby was having fun with a song and not really working at it, we had to make it up out of two or three parts. This ad lib way of working is commonplace in the recording studios today, but it was all new to us.

Crosby invested US$50,000 in Ampex with an eye towards producing more machines. In 1948, the second season of Philco shows was taped with the new Ampex Model 200 tape recorder using the new Scotch 111 tape from the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M) company. Mullin explained how one new broadcasting technique was invented on the Crosby show with these machines:

One time Bob Burns, the hillbilly comic, was on the show, and he threw in a few of his folksy farm stories, which of course were not in Bill Morrow's script. Today they wouldn't seem very off-color, but things were different on radio then. They got enormous laughs, which just went on and on. We couldn't use the jokes, but Bill asked us to save the laughs. A couple of weeks later he had a show that wasn't very funny, and he insisted that we put in the salvaged laughs. Thus the laugh-track was born.

Crosby had launched the tape recorder revolution in America. In his 1950 film Mr. Music, Bing Crosby is seen singing into one of the new Ampex tape recorders that reproduced his voice better than anything else. Also quick to adopt tape recording was his friend Bob Hope.

Mullin continued to work for Crosby to develop a videotape recorder (VTR). Television production was mostly live television in its early years, but Crosby wanted the same ability to record that he had achieved in radio. 1950's The Fireside Theater, sponsored by Procter and Gamble, was his first television production. Mullin had not yet succeeded with video tape, so Crosby filmed the series of 26-minute shows at the Hal Roach Studios, and the "telefilms" were syndicated to individual television stations.

Crosby did not remain a television producer, but continued to finance the development of videotape. Bing Crosby Enterprises (BCE), gave the world's first demonstration of videotape recording in Los Angeles on November 11, 1951. Developed by John T. Mullin and Wayne R. Johnson since 1950, the device aired what were described as "blurred and indistinct" images, using a modified Ampex 200 tape recorder and standard quarter-inch (6.3 mm) audio tape moving at 360 inches (9.1 m) per second.^[35]

TV stations [link]

A Bing Crosby-led group purchased KCOP-TV station in 1954.^[36] NAFI Corporation and Bing Crosby purchase together the television station, KPTV, for $4 million on September 1, 1959.^[37] In 1960, NAFI purchased KCOP from Crosby's group.^[36]

Thoroughbred horse racing [link]

Crosby was a fan of thoroughbred horse racing and bought his first racehorse in 1935. In 1937, he became a founding partner of the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club and a member of its Board of Directors. Operating from the Del Mar Racetrack at Del Mar, California, the group included millionaire businessman Charles S. Howard, who owned a successful racing stable that included Seabiscuit. His son, Lindsay Howard, became one of Crosby's closest friends; Crosby named his son Lindsay after him, and would purchase his 40-room Hillsborough estate from Lindsay in 1965.

Crosby and Lindsay Howard formed Binglin Stable to race and breed thoroughbred horses at a ranch in Moorpark in Ventura County, California. They also established the Binglin stock farm in Argentina, where they raced horses at Hipódromo de Palermo in Palermo, Buenos Aires. A number of Argentine-bred horses were purchased and shipped to race in the United States. On August 12, 1938, the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club hosted a $25,000 winner-take-all match race won by Charles S. Howard's Seabiscuit over Binglin's horse Ligaroti. In 1943, Binglin's horse Don Bingo won the Suburban Handicap at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.

The Binglin Stable partnership came to an end in 1953 as a result of a liquidation of assets by Crosby, who needed to raise enough funds to pay the hefty federal and state inheritance taxes on his deceased wife's estate.^[38] The Bing Crosby Breeders' Cup Handicap at Del Mar Racetrack is named in his honor.

Crosby was also a co-owner of the British colt Meadow Court, with jockey Johnny Longden's friend Max Bell. Meadow Court won the 1965 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, and the Irish Derby. In the Irish Derby's winner's circle at the Curragh, Crosby sang "When Irish Eyes Are Smiling."

Though Crosby's stables had some success, he often joked about his horseracing failures as part of his radio appearances. "Crosby's horse finally came in" became a running gag.

Crosby the sportsman [link]

Crosby had an interest in sports. In the 1930s, his friend and former college classmate, Gonzaga head coach Mike Pecarovich appointed Crosby as an assistant football coach.^[39] From 1946 until the end of his life, he was part-owner of baseball's Pittsburgh Pirates. Although he was passionate about his team, he was too nervous to watch the deciding Game 7 of the 1960 World Series, choosing to go to Paris with Kathryn and listen to the game on the radio. Crosby had the NBC telecast of the game recorded on kinescope. The game was one of the most famous in baseball history, capped off by Bill Mazeroski's walk-off home run. He apparently viewed the complete film just once, and then stored it in his wine cellar, where it remained undisturbed until it was discovered in December 2009.^[40] The restored broadcast was shown on MLB Network in December 2010.

Crosby was also an avid golfer, and in 1978, he and Bob Hope were voted the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship. He is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. In 1937, Bing Crosby hosted the first National Pro-Am Golf Championship, the 'Crosby Clambake' as it was popularly known, at Rancho Santa Fe Golf Club in Rancho Santa Fe, California, the event's location prior to World War II. Sam Snead won the first tournament, in which the first place check was for $500. After the war, the event resumed play in 1947 on golf courses in Pebble Beach, where it has been played ever since. Now the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am it has been a leading event in the world of professional golf.

Crosby first took up golf at 12 as a caddy, dropped it, and started again in 1930 with some fellow cast members in Hollywood during the filming of The King of Jazz. Crosby was accomplished at the sport, with a two handicap. He competed in both the British and U.S. Amateur championships, was a five-time club champion at Lakeside Golf Club in Hollywood, and once made a hole-in-one on the 16th at Cypress Point.

Personal life [link]

Crosby was married twice, first to actress/nightclub singer Dixie Lee from 1930 until her death from ovarian cancer in 1952. They had four sons: Gary, twins Dennis and Phillip, and Lindsay. The 1947 film Smash-Up: The Story of a Woman is indirectly based on her life. After Dixie's death, Crosby had relationships with actresses Inger Stevens and Grace Kelly before marrying the actress Kathryn Grant in 1957. They had three children: Harry (who played Bill in Friday the 13th), Mary (best known for portraying Kristin Shepard, the woman who shot J.R. Ewing on TV's Dallas), and Nathaniel.

Kathryn converted to Catholicism in order to marry the singer. Crosby was also a registered Republican, and actively campaigned for Wendell Willkie in 1940 against President Roosevelt, arguing that no man should serve more than two terms in the White House. After Willkie lost, Crosby decreed that he would never again make any open political contributions.

Crosby reportedly had an alcohol problem in his youth, and may have been dismissed from Paul Whiteman's orchestra because of it, but he later got a handle on his drinking. Village Voice jazz critic and Crosby biographer Gary Giddins says that Louis Armstrong's influence on Crosby "extended to his love of marijuana." Crosby smoked it during his early career when it was still legal, and "surprised interviewers" in the 1960s and 1970s by advocating its decriminalization. According to Giddins, Crosby told his son Gary to stay away from alcohol ("It killed your mother"^[41]) and suggested he smoke marijuana instead.^[41] Gary said, "There were other times when marijuana was mentioned and he'd get a smile on his face."^[41] Gary thought his father's marijuana smoking had influenced his easygoing style in his films. Crosby finally quit smoking his pipe following lung surgery in 1974.

After Crosby's death, his eldest son, Gary, wrote a highly critical memoir, Going My Own Way, depicting his father as cold, remote, and both physically and psychologically abusive. Two of Crosby's other sons, Lindsay and Dennis, sided with Gary's claim and stated Crosby abused them as well.^[42] Dennis also stated that Crosby would abuse Gary the most often.^[42]

Gary Crosby wrote:

We had to keep a close watch on our actions... When one of us left a sneaker or pair of underpants lying around, he had to tie the offending object on a string and wear it around his neck until he went off to bed that night. Dad called it "the Crosby lavalier." At the time the humor of the name escaped me... "Satchel Ass" or "Bucket Butt" or "My Fat-assed Kid." That's how he introduced me to his cronies when he dragged me along to the studio or racetrack... By the time I was ten or eleven he had stepped up his campaign by adding lickings to the regimen. Each Tuesday afternoon he weighed me in, and if the scale read more than it should have, he ordered me into his office and had me drop my trousers... I dropped my pants, pulled down my undershorts and bent over. Then he went at it with the belt dotted with metal studs he kept reserved for the occasion. Quite dispassionately, without the least display of emotion or loss of self-control, he whacked away until he drew the first drop of blood, and then he stopped. It normally took between twelve and fifteen strokes. As they came down I counted them off one by one and hoped I would bleed early... When I saw Going My Way I was as moved as they were by the character he played. Father O'Malley handled that gang of young hooligans in his parish with such kindness and wisdom that I thought he was wonderful too. Instead of coming down hard on the kids and withdrawing his affection, he forgave them their misdeeds, took them to the ball game and picture show, taught them how to sing. By the last reel, the sheer persistence of his goodness had transformed even the worst of them into solid citizens. Then the lights came on and the movie was over. All the way back to the house I thought about the difference between the person up there on the screen and the one I knew at home.^[43]

It was revealed that Crosby's will had established a blind trust, with none of the sons receiving an inheritance until they reached the age of 65.^[44]

However, younger son Phillip vociferously disputed his brother Gary's claims about their father. Around the time Gary made his claim, Phillip stated to the press that "Gary is a whining...crybaby, walking around with a 2-by-4 and just daring people to nudge it off."^[45] However, Phillip did not deny that Crosby believed in corporal punishment.^[45] In an interview with People, Phillip stated that "we never got an extra whack or a cuff we didn't deserve."^[45] During a later interview conducted in 1999 by the Globe, Phillip said:

My dad was not the monster my lying brother said he was; he was strict, but my father never beat us black and blue, and my brother Gary was a vicious, no-good liar for saying so. I have nothing but fond memories of Dad, going to studios with him, family vacations at our cabin in Idaho, boating and fishing with him. To my dying day, I'll hate Gary for dragging Dad's name through the mud. He wrote Going My Own Way out of greed. He wanted to make money and knew that humiliating our father and blackening his name was the only way he could do it. He knew it would generate a lot of publicity. That was the only way he could get his ugly, no-talent face on television and in the newspapers. My dad was my hero. I loved him very much. He loved all of us too, including Gary. He was a great father.^[46]

Gary Crosby died in 1995 at the age of 62, and 69-year-old Phillip Crosby died in 2004.^[47]

Lindsay and Dennis Crosby each committed suicide, shooting themselves with shotguns in 1989 and 1991, respectively. Nathaniel Crosby, Crosby's youngest son from his second marriage, was a high-level golfer who won the U.S. Amateur at age 19 in 1981, at the time the youngest-ever winner of that event (a record later broken by Tiger Woods). Harry Crosby is an investment banker who occasionally makes singing appearances.

Widow Kathryn Crosby dabbled in local theater productions intermittently, and appeared in television tributes to her late husband. Denise Crosby, Dennis Crosby's daughter, is also an actress and is known for her role as Tasha Yar on Star Trek: The Next Generation, and for the recurring role of the Romulan Sela (daughter of Tasha Yar) after her withdrawal from the series as a regular cast member. She also appeared in the film adaptation of Stephen King's novel Pet Sematary. In 2006, Crosby's niece, Carolyn Schneider, published the laudatory book "Me and Uncle Bing."

Failing health and death [link]

Crosby's last portrait taken backstage at the Palladium theater under a 40 watt bulb in 1977, the year of his death.

Crosby's grave at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California

Following his recovery from a life-threatening fungal infection of his right lung in 1974, Crosby emerged from semi-retirement to start a new spate of albums and concerts. In March 1977, after videotaping a concert for CBS to commemorate his 50th anniversary in show business and with Bob Hope looking on, Crosby backed off the stage and fell into an orchestra pit, rupturing a disc in his back and requiring a month in the hospital. His first performance after the accident was his last American concert, on August 16, 1977; when the power went out, he continued singing without amplification. In September, Crosby, his family, and singer Rosemary Clooney began a concert tour of England that included two weeks at the London Palladium. While in England, Crosby recorded his final album, Seasons, and his final TV Christmas special with guest David Bowie (which aired several months after Crosby's death). His last concert was in The Brighton Centre four days before his death, with British entertainer Dame Gracie Fields in attendance. Although it has been reported that Crosby's last photograph was taken with Fields^{[citation needed]}, he was photographed playing golf on the day he died.^[48]

Commemorative Plaque In The Brighton Centre foyer

At the conclusion of his work in England, Crosby flew alone to Spain to hunt and play golf. Shortly after 6 pm on October 14, Crosby collapsed and died of a massive heart attack on the green after a round of 18 holes of golf near Madrid where he and his Spanish golfing partner had just defeated their opponents. It is widely written that his last words were "That was a great game of golf, fellas."^[49] In Bob Hope's Confessions of a Hooker: My Lifelong Love Affair With Golf, the comedian recounts hearing that Crosby had been advised by a physician in England to play only nine holes of golf because of his heart condition.

Legacy [link]

Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6769 Hollywood Blvd.

He is a member of the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame in the radio division.^[50]

The family launched an official website^[51] on October 14, 2007, the 30th anniversary of Crosby's death.

In his 1990 autobiography Don't Shoot, It's Only Me! Bob Hope wrote, "Dear old Bing. As we called him, the Economy-sized Sinatra. And what a voice. God I miss that voice. I can't even turn on the radio around Christmas time without crying anymore."^[52]

Calypso musician Roaring Lion wrote a tribute song in 1939 entitled "Bing Crosby", in which he wrote: "Bing has a way of singing with his very heart and soul / Which captivates the world / His millions of listeners never fail to rejoice / At his golden voice..."^[53]

Compositions [link]

Crosby co-wrote lyrics to 15 songs. His composition "At Your Command" was no.1 for three weeks on the U.S. pop singles chart beginning on August 8, 1931. "I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance With You" was his most successful composition, recorded by Duke Ellington, Frank Sinatra, Thelonious Monk, Billie Holiday, and Mildred Bailey, among others. Songs co-written by Crosby include:

"That's Grandma" (1927), with Harry Barris and James Cavanaugh
"From Monday On" (1928), with Harry Barris and recorded with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra featuring Bix Beiderbecke on cornet, no. 14 on US pop singles charts
"What Price Lyrics?" (1928), with Harry Barris and Matty Malneck
"At Your Command" (1931), with Harry Barris and Harry Tobias, US, no. 1 (3 weeks)
"Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)" (1931), with Roy Turk and Fred Ahlert, US, no. 4; US, 1940 re-recording, no. 27
"I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You" (1932), with Victor Young and Ned Washington, US, no. 5
"My Woman" (1932), with Irving Wallman and Max Wartell
"Love Me Tonight" (1932), with Victor Young and Ned Washington, US, no. 4
"Waltzing in a Dream" (1932), with Victor Young and Ned Washington, US, no.6
"I Would If I Could But I Can't" (1933), with Mitchell Parish and Alan Grey
"Where the Turf Meets the Surf" (1941)
"Tenderfoot" (1953)
"Domenica" (1961)
"That's What Life is All About" (1975), with Ken Barnes, Peter Dacre, and Les Reed, US, AC chart, no. 35; UK, no. 41
"Sail Away to Norway" (1977)

Filmography [link]

Main article: Bing Crosby filmography

Discography [link]

Main article: Bing Crosby discography

Radio [link]

The Radio Singers (1931, CBS), sponsored by Warner Brothers, 6 nights a week, 15 minutes.
The Cremo Singer (1931–1932, CBS), 6 nights a week, 15 minutes.
Unsponsored (1932, CBS), initially 3 nights a week, then twice a week, 15 minutes.
Chesterfield's Music that Satisfies (1933, CBS), broadcast two nights, 15 minutes.
Bing Crosby Entertains for Woodbury Soap (1933–1935, CBS), weekly, 30 minutes.
Kraft Music Hall (1935–1946, NBC), Thursday nights, 60 minutes until January 1943, then 30 minutes.
Armed Forces Radio (1941–1945; World War II).
Philco Radio Time (1946–1949, ABC), 30 minutes weekly.
The Bing Crosby Chesterfield Show (1949–1952, CBS), 30 minutes weekly.
The Minute Maid Show (1949–1950, CBS), 15 minutes each weekday morning; Bing as disc jockey.
The General Electric Show (1952–1954, CBS), 30 minutes weekly.
The Bing Crosby Show (1954–1956, CBS), 15 minutes, 5 nights a week.
A Christmas Sing with Bing (1955–1962, CBS, VOA and AFRS), 1 hour each year, sponsored by the Insurance Company of North America.
The Ford Road Show (1957–1958, CBS), 5 minutes, 5 days a week.
The Bing Crosby – Rosemary Clooney Show (1958–1962, CBS), 20 minutes, 5 mornings a week, with Rosemary Clooney.

RIAA certification [link]

Album	RIAA^[54]
Merry Christmas	Gold
Bing sings	2x platinum
White Christmas	4x platinum

References [link]

^ ^a ^b Grudens, 2002, p. 236. "Bing was born on May 2, 1903. He always believed he was born on May 2, 1904."
^ Music Genre: Vocal music.Allmusic. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
^ Obituary Variety, October 19, 1977.
^ "Bing Crosby Billboard Biography". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/artist/bing-crosby/3574#/artist/bing-crosby/bio/3574. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
^ Giddins, 2001, p. 8.
^ Gilliland, John. Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s. ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854. , cassette 1, side B.
^ Giddins, 2001, p. 6.
^ ^a ^b Hoffman, Dr. Frank. "Crooner". http://www.jeffosretromusic.com/bing.html. Retrieved December 29, 2006.
^ Sterling, C. H., & Kittross, J. M. (1990). Stay tuned: A concise history of American broadcasting (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
^ Sterling, C. H., & Kittross, J. M. (1990). Stay tuned: A concise history of american broadcasting (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
^ Cogan, Jim; Clark, William, Temples of sound : inside the great recording studios, San Francisco : Chronicle Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8118-3394-1
^ "Lifetime Achievement Award. ''Past Recipients''". Grammy.com. February 8, 2009. http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
^ Bing Crosby had no birth certificate and his birth date was unconfirmed until his childhood Roman Catholic church released his baptismal record.
^ Blecha, Peter (August 29, 2005). "the Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History". HistoryLink.org. http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7445}. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
^ Gonzaga History 1980–1989 (September 17, 1986). "Gonzaga History 1980–1989 – Gonzaga University". Gonzaga.edu. http://www.gonzaga.edu/Academics/Libraries/Foley-Library/Departments/Special-Collections/exhibitions/GonzagaHistory1980.asp. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
^ Giddins, Gary (2001). Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams.
^ Giddins, 2001, p. 24.
^ Newkirk, Newton (March 14, 1909). "The Bingville Bugle". Spokesman Review. http://www.spokesmanreview.com/blogs/history/media/bingville.pdf. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ Newkirk, Newton (July 19, 1914). "The Bingville Bugle". Spokesman Review. http://leonardodesa.interdinamica.net/comics/lds/bing/bingville.asp. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ Gary Giddins (October 8, 2002). Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams – The Early Years, 1903 – 1940, Volume I. Back Bay Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=Oa2_zcwucAgC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=bing+crosby+bingo+bingville+bugle&source=bl&ots=8DHK9U9Lfl&sig=BLFVQNnhQflUL769bVqYXepaWY8&hl=en&ei=JVqeTI-XM4H68Aa-2cAl&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCcQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=bing%20crosby%20bingo%20bingville%20bugle&f=false.
^ Gilliland, John. Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s. ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854. , cassette 3, side B.
^ Giddins, 2001, p. 92-97.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bing Crosby at Allmusic
^ "Bing Crosby, Singer". Radio Hall of Fame. http://www.radiohof.org/musicvariety/bingcrosby.html. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
^ Guinness Book of Records 2007. Guinness. August 1, 2006. ISBN 978-1-904994-12-1.
^ ^a ^b "Crosby Movies". Waynesthisandthat.com. http://www.waynesthisandthat.com/crosbymovies.html. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
^ "Top Ten Money Making Stars of the past 79 years". Quigley Publishing. http://www.quigleypublishing.com/MPalmanac/Top10/Top10_lists.html. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ Pleasants, H. (1985). The Great American Popular Singers. Simon and Schuster.
^ Sforza, John: "Swing It! The Andrews Sisters Story;" University Press of Kentucky, 2000; 289 pages.
^ "Johnny Bond – WMA Hall of Fame". Westernmusic.com. http://www.westernmusic.com/performers/hof-crosby.html. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
^ Hammar, Peter. Jack Mullin: The man and his machines. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 37 (6): 490–496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512; June 1989.
^ An afternoon with Jack Mullin. NTSC VHS tape, 1989 AES.
^ History of Magnetic tape, section: "Enter Bing Crosby" (WayBack Machine)
^ "CORPORATIONS: Minute Maid's Man". Time. October 18, 1948. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799353,00.html. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ "Tape Recording Used by Filmless 'Camera'," New York Times, November 12, 1951, p. 21. Eric D. Daniel, C. Denis Mee, and Mark H. Clark (eds.), Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years, IEEE Press, 1998, p. 141. ISBN 0-07-041275-8
^ ^a ^b "KCOP Studio". Seeing Stars: the Television Studios... http://www.seeing-stars.com/tvstudios/KCOP.shtml. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
^ Dunevant, Ronald L.. "KPTV Timeline". Yesterday's KPTV. Ronald L. Dunevant. http://kptv.home.comcast.net/~kptv/timeline/timeline.htm. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
^ "Time Magazine Article". Time Magazine. August 3, 1953. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822904,00.html. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
^ Bing Crosby and Gonzaga University: 1925 – 1951, Gonzaga University, retrieved June 6, 2011.
^ Sandomir, Richard (September 23, 2010). "In Bing Crosby's Wine Cellar, Vintage Baseball". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/24/sports/baseball/24crosby.html?_r=1&src=mv. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Giddins, 2001, p. 181.
^ ^a ^b Haller, Scot (March 21, 1983). "The Sad Ballad of Bing and His Boys – Child Abuse, Kids & Family Life, Bing Crosby". People. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20084544,00.html. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
^ Gary Crosby (March 1983). Going My Own Way. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-17055-0. http://www.nospank.net/crosbyg.htm.
^ Dunn, Ashley (December 13, 1989). "Lindsay Crosby Suicide Laid to End of Inheritance Income". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-13/local/me-242_1_lindsay-crosby. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Leah Garchik's Personals". The San Francisco Chronicle. January 20, 2004. http://articles.sfgate.com/2004-01-20/bay-area/17409442_1_gary-crosby-bing-crosby-philip-crosby/2.
^ Grudens, 2002, p. 59.
^ "Philip Crosby, 69, Son of Bing Crosby". New York Times. January 20, 2004. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A01E5D61439F933A15752C0A9629C8B63. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
^ Thomas, 1977, p. 86-87.
^ Callahan, Tom (2003-05). "The Bing dynasty: on the 100th anniversary of Crosby's birth, we celebrate the granddaddy of celebrity golf". Golf Digest. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HFI/is_5_54/ai_101967390. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
^ "NAB Hall of Fame". National Association of Broadcasters. http://www.nab.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Awards7&CONTENTID=11047&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm. Retrieved May 3, 2008. ^{[dead link]}
^ "The Official Home of Bing Crosby". Bingcrosby.com. http://www.BingCrosby.com. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
^ Hope, Bob (1990). Don't Shoot, It's Only Me!. Random House Publishers.
^ Giddins, 2001, pp. 427–428.
^ "RIAA certification". Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070608063448/http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp.

Bibliography

Giddins, Gary (2001). Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams – The Early Years, 1903–1940. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-88188-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=Oa2_zcwucAgC.
Grudens, Richard (2002). Bing Crosby – Crooner of the Century. Celebrity Profiles Publishing Co.. ISBN 1-57579-248-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=Mkz_w-WYiMAC.
Macfarlane, Malcolm. Bing Crosby – Day By Day. Scarecrow Press, 2001.
Osterholm, J. Roger. Bing Crosby: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Press, 1994.
Prigozy, R. & Raubicheck, W., ed. Going My Way: Bing Crosby and American Culture. The Boydell Press, 2007.
Thomas, Bob (1977). The One and Only Bing. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0-448-14670-3.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bing Crosby

	Book: Bing Crosby
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

v t e Academy Award for Best Actor (1941–1960)

Gary Cooper (1941) James Cagney (1942) Paul Lukas (1943) Bing Crosby (1944) Ray Milland (1945) Fredric March (1946) Ronald Colman (1947) Laurence Olivier (1948) Broderick Crawford (1949) José Ferrer (1950) Humphrey Bogart (1951) Gary Cooper (1952) William Holden (1953) Marlon Brando (1954) Ernest Borgnine (1955) Yul Brynner (1956) Alec Guinness (1957) David Niven (1958) Charlton Heston (1959) Burt Lancaster (1960)

Complete list (1928–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Cecil B. DeMille Award (1952–1975)

Cecil B. DeMille (1952) Walt Disney (1953) Darryl F. Zanuck (1954) Jean Hersholt (1955) Jack Warner (1956) Mervyn LeRoy (1957) Buddy Adler (1958) Maurice Chevalier (1959) Bing Crosby (1960) Fred Astaire (1961) Judy Garland (1962) Bob Hope (1963) Joseph E. Levine (1964) James Stewart (1965) John Wayne (1966) Charlton Heston (1967) Kirk Douglas (1968) Gregory Peck (1969) Joan Crawford (1970) Frank Sinatra (1971) Alfred Hitchcock (1972) Samuel Goldwyn (1973) Bette Davis (1974) Hal B. Wallis (1975)

Complete list (1952–1975) (1976–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e National Board of Review Award for Best Actor

Ray Milland (1945) Laurence Olivier (1946) Michael Redgrave (1947) Walter Huston (1948) Ralph Richardson (1949)

Alec Guinness (1950) Richard Basehart (1951) Ralph Richardson (1952) James Mason (1953) Bing Crosby (1954) Ernest Borgnine (1955) Yul Brynner (1956) Alec Guinness (1957) Spencer Tracy (1958) Victor Sjöström (1959)

Robert Mitchum (1960) Albert Finney (1961) Jason Robards (1962) Rex Harrison (1963) Anthony Quinn (1964) Lee Marvin (1965) Paul Scofield (1966) Peter Finch (1967) Cliff Robertson (1968) Peter O'Toole (1969)

George C. Scott (1970) Gene Hackman (1971) Peter O'Toole (1972) Al Pacino / Robert Ryan (1973) Gene Hackman (1974) Jack Nicholson (1975) David Carradine (1976) John Travolta (1977) Jon Voight / Laurence Olivier (1978) Peter Sellers (1979)

Robert De Niro (1980) Peter Fonda (1981) Ben Kingsley (1982) Tom Conti (1983) Victor Banerjee (1984) William Hurt / Raúl Juliá (1985) Paul Newman (1986) Michael Douglas (1987) Gene Hackman (1988) Morgan Freeman (1989)

Robert De Niro / Robin Williams (1990) Warren Beatty (1991) Jack Lemmon (1992) Anthony Hopkins (1993) Tom Hanks (1994) Nicolas Cage (1995) Tom Cruise (1996) Jack Nicholson (1997) Ian McKellen (1998) Russell Crowe (1999)

Javier Bardem (2000) Billy Bob Thornton (2001) Campbell Scott (2002) Sean Penn (2003) Jamie Foxx (2004) Philip Seymour Hoffman (2005) Forest Whitaker (2006) George Clooney (2007) Clint Eastwood (2008) George Clooney / Morgan Freeman (2009)

Jesse Eisenberg (2010) George Clooney (2011)

Authority control: LCCN: n50018853 | WorldCat

Persondata
Name	Crosby, Bing
Alternative names	Crosby, Harry Lillis (real name)
Short description	American singer, actor
Date of birth	May 3, 1903
Place of birth	Tacoma, Washington, United States
Date of death	October 14, 1977
Place of death	Madrid, Spain

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Crosby

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David Bowie
Bowie during the Heathen Tour in 2002.
Background information
Birth name	David Robert Jones
Born	(1947-01-08) 8 January 1947 (age 65) Brixton, London, England
Genres	Rock, glam rock, art rock, pop
Occupations	Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, actor
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, keyboards, harmonica, saxophone, viola, cello, koto, percussion
Years active	1964–2008
Labels	Deram, RCA, Virgin, EMI, ISO, Columbia, BMG, Pye
Associated acts	The Riot Squad, Arnold Corns, Tin Machine, The Hype, The Lower Third, The Konrads
Website	davidbowie.com

David Bowie ( /ˈboʊ.i/ BOH-ee;^[1] born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. He is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth and eclecticism of his work.

Bowie first caught the eye and ear of the public in July 1969, when his song "Space Oddity" reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. After a three-year period of experimentation he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with the flamboyant, androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust, spearheaded by the hit single "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie's impact at that time, as described by biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture."^[2] The relatively short-lived Ziggy persona proved merely one facet of a career marked by continual reinvention, musical innovation and striking visual presentation.

In 1975, Bowie achieved his first major American crossover success with the number-one single "Fame" and the hit album Young Americans, which the singer characterised as "plastic soul". The sound constituted a radical shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees. He then confounded the expectations of both his record label and his American audiences by recording the minimalist album Low (1977)—the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno over the next two years. The so-called "Berlin Trilogy" albums all reached the UK top five and garnered lasting critical praise.

After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single "Ashes to Ashes", its parent album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), and "Under Pressure", a 1981 collaboration with Queen. He then reached a new commercial peak in 1983 with Let's Dance, which yielded several hit singles. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles, including blue-eyed soul, industrial, adult contemporary, and jungle. His last recorded album was Reality (2003), which was supported by the 2003–04 Reality Tour.

Buckley says of Bowie: "His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."^[2] In the BBC's 2002 poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, Bowie was placed at number 29. Throughout his career, he has sold an estimated 140 million albums. In the UK, he has been awarded nine Platinum album certifications, 11 Gold and eight Silver, and in the US, five Platinum and seven Gold certifications. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him 39th on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", and 23rd on their list of the best singers of all-time.

Biography [link]

1947–62: early years [link]

David Bowie was born David Robert Jones in Brixton, London, on 8 January 1947. His mother, Margaret Mary "Peggy" (née Burns), of Irish descent,^[3] worked as a cinema usherette, while his father, Haywood Stenton "John" Jones was a promotions officer for Barnardo's. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, located near the border of the south London areas of Brixton and Stockwell. A neighbour recalled that "London in the forties was the worst possible place, and the worst possible time for a child to grow up in." Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler.^[4]^[5]

In 1953 the family moved to the suburb of Bromley, where, two years later, Bowie progressed to Burnt Ash Junior School. His voice was considered "adequate" by the school choir, and his recorder playing judged to demonstrate above-average musical ability.^[6] At the age of nine, his dancing during the newly introduced music and movement classes was strikingly imaginative: teachers called his interpretations "vividly artistic" and his poise "astonishing" for a child.^[6] The same year, his interest in music was further stimulated when his father brought home a collection of American 45s by artists including Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, The Platters, Fats Domino, Elvis Presley and Little Richard.^[7]^[8] Upon listening to "Tutti Frutti", Bowie would later say, "I had heard God".^[9] Presley's impact on him was likewise emphatic: "I saw a cousin of mine dance to ... 'Hound Dog' and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything. It really impressed me, the power of the music. I started getting records immediately after that."^[8] By the end of the following year he had taken up the ukelele and tea-chest bass and begun to participate in skiffle sessions with friends, and had started to play the piano; meanwhile his stage presentation of numbers by both Presley and Chuck Berry—complete with gyrations in tribute to the original artists—to his local Wolf Cub group was described as "mesmerizing ... like someone from another planet."^[8] Failing his eleven plus exam at the conclusion of his Burnt Ash Junior education, Bowie joined Bromley Technical High School.^[10]

It was an unusual technical school, as biographer Christopher Sandford writes:

Despite its status it was, by the time David arrived in 1958, as rich in arcane ritual as any [English] public school. There were houses, named after eighteenth-century statesmen like Pitt and Wilberforce. There was a uniform, and an elaborate system of rewards and punishments. There was also an accent on languages, science and particularly design, where a collegiate atmosphere flourished under the tutorship of Owen Frampton. In David's account, Frampton led through force of personality, not intellect; his colleagues at Bromley Tech were famous for neither, and yielded the school's most gifted pupils to the arts, a regime so liberal that Frampton actively encouraged his own son, Peter, to pursue a musical career with David, a partnership briefly intact thirty years later.^[10]

Bowie studied art, music, and design, including layout and typesetting. After Terry Burns, his half-brother, introduced him to modern jazz, his enthusiasm for players like Charles Mingus and John Coltrane led his mother to give him a plastic alto saxophone in 1961; he was soon receiving lessons from a local musician.^[11]

In 1962, George Underwood injured Bowie's eye in a fight over a girl. Bowie owes his unusual eyes to the fact that not all the damage could be surgically repaired. Despite their fisticuffs, Underwood and Bowie remained good friends, and Underwood went on to create the artwork for Bowie's early albums.^[12]

Eyes [link]

Bowie received a serious injury at school in 1962 when his friend George Underwood, while wearing a ring on his finger, punched him in the left eye during a fight over a girl. Doctors feared he would become blind in that eye. After a series of operations during a four-month hospitalisation,^[13] his doctors determined that the damage could not be fully repaired and Bowie was left with faulty depth perception and a permanently dilated pupil. The latter condition has misled some to believe that Bowie has different coloured eyes, when in reality both irises are the same blue colour. ^[14]

1962–68: the Konrads to the Riot Squad [link]

Graduating from his plastic saxophone to a real instrument in 1962, Bowie formed his first band at the age of 15. Playing guitar-based rock and roll at local youth gatherings and weddings, the Konrads had a varying line-up of between four and eight members, Underwood among them.^[15] When Bowie left the technical school the following year, he informed his parents of his intention to become a pop star. His mother promptly arranged his employment as an electrician's mate. Frustrated by his band-mates' limited aspirations, Bowie left the Konrads and joined another band, the King Bees. He wrote to the newly successful washing-machine entrepreneur John Bloom inviting him to "do for us what Brian Epstein has done for the Beatles—and make another million." Bloom did not respond to the offer, but his referral to Dick James's partner Leslie Conn led to Bowie's first personal management contract.^[16]

Conn quickly began to promote Bowie. The singer's debut single, "Liza Jane", credited to Davie Jones and the King Bees, had no commercial success. Dissatisfied with the King Bees and their repertoire of Howlin' Wolf and Willie Dixon blues numbers, Bowie quit the band less than a month later to join the Manish Boys, another blues outfit, who incorporated folk and soul — "I used to dream of being their Mick Jagger", Bowie was to recall.^[16] "I Pity the Fool" was no more successful than "Liza Jane", and Bowie soon moved on again to join the Lower Third, a blues trio strongly influenced by The Who. "You've Got a Habit of Leaving" fared no better, signalling the end of Conn's contract. Declaring that he would exit the pop world "to study mime at Sadler's Wells", Bowie nevertheless remained with the Lower Third. His new manager, Ralph Horton, later instrumental in his transition to solo artist, soon witnessed Bowie's move to yet another group, the Buzz, yielding the singer's fifth unsuccessful single release, "Do Anything You Say". While with the Buzz, Bowie also joined the Riot Squad; their recordings, which included a Bowie number and Velvet Underground material, went unreleased. Ken Pitt, introduced by Horton, took over as Bowie's manager.^[17]

Dissatisfied with his stage name as Davy (and Davie) Jones, which in the mid-1960s invited confusion with Davy Jones of The Monkees, Bowie renamed himself after the 19th century American frontiersman Jim Bowie and the knife he had popularised.^[18] His April 1967 solo single, "The Laughing Gnome", utilising sped-up Chipmunk-style vocals, failed to chart. Released six weeks later, his album debut, David Bowie, an amalgam of pop, psychedelia, and music hall, met the same fate. It would be his last release for two years.^[19]

Bowie's fascination with the bizarre was fuelled when he met dancer Lindsay Kemp: "He lived on his emotions, he was a wonderful influence. His day-to-day life was the most theatrical thing I had ever seen, ever. It was everything I thought Bohemia probably was. I joined the circus."^[20] Kemp, for his part, recalled, "I didn't really teach him to be a mime artiste but to be more of himself on the outside, ... I enabled him to free the angel and demon that he is on the inside."^[20] Studying the dramatic arts under Kemp, from avant-garde theatre and mime to commedia dell'arte, Bowie became immersed in the creation of personae to present to the world. Satirising life in a British prison, meanwhile, the Bowie-penned "Over the Wall We Go" became a 1967 single for Oscar; another Bowie composition, "Silly Boy Blue", was released by Billy Fury the following year.^[21] After Kemp cast Bowie with Hermione Farthingale for a poetic minuet, the pair began dating; they soon moved into a London flat together. Playing acoustic guitar, she formed a group with Bowie and bassist John Hutchinson; between September 1968 and early 1969, when Bowie and Farthingale broke up, the trio gave a small number of concerts combining folk, Merseybeat, poetry and mime.^[22]

1969–73: psychedelic folk to glam rock [link]

[edit] Space Oddity to Hunky Dory

Because of his lack of commercial success, Bowie was forced to try to earn a living in different ways. He featured in a Lyons Maid ice cream commercial, but was rejected for another by Kit Kat.^[23] Intended as a vehicle to promote the singer, a 30-minute film featuring performances from his repertoire, Love You till Tuesday, was made. Although not released until 1984, the filming sessions in January 1969 led to unexpected success when Bowie told the producers, "That film of yours—I've got a new song for it." He then demoed the song that would provide his commercial breakthrough. "Space Oddity" was released later in the year to coincide with the first moon landing.^[23] Breaking up with Farthingale shortly after completion of the film, Bowie moved in with Mary Finnigan as her lodger.^[24] Continuing the divergence from rock and roll and blues begun by his work with Farthingale, Bowie joined forces with Finnigan, Christina Ostrom and Barrie Jackson to run a folk club on Sunday nights at the Three Tuns pub in Beckenham High Street.^[24] This soon morphed into the Beckenham Arts Lab, and became extremely popular. The Arts Lab hosted a free festival in a local park, later immortalised by Bowie in his song "Memory of a Free Festival".^[25] "Space Oddity" was released on 11 July, five days ahead of the Apollo 11 launch, to become a UK top five hit. Bowie's second album, Space Oddity, followed in November; originally issued in the UK as David Bowie, it caused some confusion with its predecessor of the same name, and the early US release was instead titled Man of Words/Man of Music. Featuring philosophical post-hippie lyrics on peace, love and morality, its acoustic folk rock occasionally fortified by harder rock, the album was not a commercial success at the time of its release.^[26]

Bowie met Angela Barnett in April 1969. They would marry within a year. Her impact on him was immediate, and her involvement in his career far-reaching, leaving Pitt with limited influence.^[27] Having established himself as a solo artist with "Space Oddity", Bowie now began to sense a lack: "a full-time band for gigs and recording—people he could relate to personally".^[28] The shortcoming was underlined by his artistic rivalry with Marc Bolan, who was at the time acting as his session guitarist.^[28] A band was duly assembled. John Cambridge, a drummer Bowie met at the Arts Lab, was joined by Tony Visconti on bass and Mick Ronson on electric guitar. Known as The Hype, the band members created characters for themselves and wore elaborate costumes that prefigured the glam style of The Spiders From Mars. After a disastrous opening gig at the London Roundhouse, they reverted to a configuration presenting Bowie as a solo artist.^[28]^[29] Their initial studio work was marred by a heated disagreement between Bowie and Cambridge over the latter's drumming style; matters came to a head when Bowie, enraged, accused, "You're fucking up my album." Cambridge summarily quit and was replaced by Mick Woodmansey.^[30] Not long after, in a move that would result in years of litigation, at the conclusion of which Bowie would be forced to pay Pitt compensation, the singer fired his manager, replacing him with Tony Defries.^[30]

The studio sessions continued and resulted in Bowie's third album, The Man Who Sold the World (1970). Characterised by the heavy rock sound of his new backing band, it was a marked departure from the acoustic guitar and folk rock style established by Space Oddity. To promote it in the United States, Mercury Records financed a coast-to-coast publicity tour in which Bowie, between January and February 1971, was interviewed by radio stations and the media. Exploiting his androgynous appearance, the original cover of the UK version unveiled two months later would depict the singer wearing a dress: taking the garment with him, he wore it during interviews—to the approval of critics, including Rolling Stone's John Mendelsohn who described him as "ravishing, almost disconcertingly reminiscent of Lauren Bacall"—and in the street, to mixed reaction including laughter and, in the case of one male pedestrian, producing a gun and telling Bowie to "kiss my ass".^[31]^[32] During the tour Bowie's observation of two seminal American proto-punk artists led him to develop a concept that would eventually find form in the Ziggy Stardust character: a melding of the persona of Iggy Pop with the music of Lou Reed, producing "the ultimate pop idol".^[31] A girlfriend recalled his "scrawling notes on a cocktail napkin about a crazy rock star named Iggy or Ziggy", and on his return to England he declared his intention to create a character "who looks like he's landed from Mars".^[31]

Hunky Dory (1971) found Visconti, Bowie's producer and bassist, supplanted in both roles, by Ken Scott and Trevor Bolder respectively. The album saw the partial return of the fey pop singer of "Space Oddity", with light fare such as "Kooks", a song written for his son, Duncan Zowie Haywood Jones, born on 30 May.^[33] (His parents chose "his kooky name"—he would be known as Zowie for the next 12 years—after the Greek word zoe, life.)^[34] Elsewhere, the album explored more serious themes, and found Bowie paying unusually direct homage to his influences with "Song for Bob Dylan", "Andy Warhol", and "Queen Bitch", a Velvet Underground pastiche. It was not a significant commercial success at the time^[35] but was ranked No.16 by voters in the All Time Top 1000 Albums.

[edit] Ziggy Stardust

David Bowie during the Ziggy Stardust Tour

With his next venture, Bowie, in the words of biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture".^[2] Dressed in a striking costume, his hair dyed red, Bowie launched his Ziggy Stardust stage show with the Spiders from Mars—Ronson, Bolder and Woodmansey—at the Toby Jug pub in Tolworth on 10 February 1972.^[36] The show was hugely popular, catapulting him to stardom as he toured the UK over the course of the next six months and creating, as described by Buckley, a "cult of Bowie" that was "unique—its influence lasted longer and has been more creative than perhaps almost any other force within pop fandom."^[36] The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972), combining the hard rock elements of The Man Who Sold the World with the lighter experimental rock and pop of Hunky Dory, was released in June. "Starman", issued as an April single ahead of the album, was to cement Bowie's UK breakthrough: both single and album charted rapidly following his July Top of the Pops performance of the song. The album, which would remain in the chart for two years, was soon joined there by the six-month-old Hunky Dory. At the same time the non-album single "John, I’m Only Dancing", and "All the Young Dudes", a song he wrote and produced for Mott the Hoople, became UK hits. The Ziggy Stardust Tour continued to the United States.^[37]

Bowie contributed backing vocals to Lou Reed's 1972 solo breakthrough Transformer, co-producing the album with Mick Ronson.^[38] His own Aladdin Sane (1973) topped the UK chart, his first number one album. Described by Bowie as "Ziggy goes to America", it contained songs he wrote while travelling to and across the United States during the earlier part of the Ziggy tour, which now continued to Japan to promote the new album. Aladdin Sane spawned the UK top five singles "The Jean Genie" and "Drive-In Saturday".^[39]^[40]

Bowie's love of acting led his total immersion in the characters he created for his music. "Offstage I'm a robot. Onstage I achieve emotion. It's probably why I prefer dressing up as Ziggy to being David." With satisfaction came severe personal difficulties: acting the same role over an extended period, it became impossible for him to separate Ziggy Stardust—and, later, the Thin White Duke—from his own character offstage. Ziggy, Bowie said, "wouldn't leave me alone for years. That was when it all started to go sour ... My whole personality was affected. It became very dangerous. I really did have doubts about my sanity."^[41] His later Ziggy shows, which included songs from both Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane, were ultra-theatrical affairs filled with shocking stage moments, such as Bowie stripping down to a sumo wrestling loincloth or simulating oral sex with Ronson's guitar.^[42] Bowie toured and gave press conferences as Ziggy before a dramatic and abrupt on-stage "retirement" at London's Hammersmith Odeon on 3 July 1973. Footage from the final show was released in 1983 for the film Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars.^[43]

	"Ziggy Stardust" noicon Sample of "Ziggy Stardust" (1972). A pioneer of glam rock, Bowie performed as the character Ziggy Stardust, backed by The Spiders from Mars.
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After breaking up the Spiders from Mars, Bowie attempted to move on from his Ziggy persona. His back catalogue was now highly sought: The Man Who Sold the World had been re-released in 1972 along with Space Oddity. "Life on Mars?", from Hunky Dory, was released in June 1973 and made number three in the UK singles chart. Entering the same chart in September, Bowie's novelty record from 1967, "The Laughing Gnome", would reach number four.^[44] Pin Ups, a collection of covers of his 1960s favourites, followed in October, producing a UK number three hit in "Sorrow" and itself peaking at number one, making David Bowie the best-selling act of 1973 in the UK. It brought the total number of Bowie albums currently in the UK chart to six.^[45]

1974–76: soul, funk and the Thin White Duke [link]

Bowie performing during the 1974 Diamond Dogs Tour

Bowie moved to the United States in 1974, initially staying in New York City before settling in Los Angeles.^[46] Diamond Dogs (1974), parts of which found him heading towards soul and funk, was the product of two distinct ideas: a musical based on a wild future in a post-apocalyptic city, and setting George Orwell's 1984 to music.^[47] The album went to number one in the UK, spawning the hits "Rebel Rebel" and "Diamond Dogs", and number five in the US. To promote it, Bowie launched the Diamond Dogs Tour, visiting cities in North America between June and December 1974. Choreographed by Toni Basil, and lavishly produced with theatrical special effects, the high-budget stage production was filmed by Alan Yentob. The resulting documentary, Cracked Actor, featured a pasty and emaciated Bowie: the tour coincided with the singer's slide from heavy cocaine use into addiction, producing severe physical debilitation, paranoia and emotional problems.^[48] He later commented that the accompanying live album, David Live, ought to have been titled "David Bowie Is Alive and Well and Living Only In Theory". David Live nevertheless solidified Bowie's status as a superstar, charting at number two in the UK and number eight in the US. It also spawned a UK number ten hit in Bowie's cover of "Knock on Wood". After a break in Philadelphia, where Bowie recorded new material, the tour resumed with a new emphasis on soul.^[49]

The fruit of the Philadelphia recording sessions was Young Americans (1975). Biographer Christopher Sandford writes, "Over the years, most British rockers had tried, one way or another, to become black-by-extension. Few had succeeded as Bowie did now."^[50] The album's sound, which the singer identified as "plastic soul", constituted a radical shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees.^[51] Young Americans yielded Bowie's first US number one, "Fame", co-written with John Lennon, who contributed backing vocals, and Carlos Alomar. Lennon would call Bowie's work as "great, but just rock and roll with lipstick on".^[52] Earning the distinction of being one of the first white artists to appear on the US variety show Soul Train, Bowie mimed "Fame", as well as "Golden Years", his November single,^[53] that it was offered to Elvis Presley to perform, but Presley declined it.^[53] Young Americans was a commercial success in both the US and the UK, and a re-issue of the 1969 single "Space Oddity" became Bowie's first number one hit in the UK a few months after "Fame" achieved the same in the US.^[54] Despite his by now well established superstardom, Bowie, in the words of biographer Christopher Sandford, "for all his record sales (over a million copies of Ziggy Stardust alone), existed essentially on loose change."^[55] In 1975, in a move echoing Ken Pitt's acrimonious dismissal five years earlier, Bowie fired his manager. At the culmination of the ensuing months-long legal dispute, he watched, as described by Sandford, "millions of dollars of his future earnings being surrendered" in what were "uniquely generous terms for Defries", then "shut himself up in West 20th Street, where for a week his howls could be heard through the locked attic door."^[55] Michael Lippman, Bowie's lawyer during the negotiations, became his new manager; Lippman in turn would be awarded substantial compensation when Bowie fired him the following year.^[56]

Bowie as the Thin White Duke at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto on 26 February 1976

Station to Station (1976) introduced a new Bowie persona, the "Thin White Duke" of its title track. Visually, the character was an extension of Thomas Jerome Newton, the extraterrestrial being he portrayed in the film The Man Who Fell to Earth the same year.^[57] Developing the funk and soul of Young Americans, Station to Station also prefigured the Krautrock and synthesiser music of his next releases. The extent to which drug addiction was now affecting Bowie was made public when Russell Harty interviewed the singer for his London Weekend Television talk show in anticipation of the album's supporting tour. Shortly before the satellite-linked interview was scheduled to commence, the death of the Spanish dictator General Franco was announced. Bowie was asked to relinquish the satellite booking, to allow the Spanish Government to put out a live newsfeed. This he refused to do, and his interview went ahead. In the ensuing conversation with Harty, as described by biographer David Buckley, "the singer made hardly any sense at all throughout what was quite an extensive interview. [...] Bowie looked completely disconnected and was hardly able to utter a coherent sentence."^[58] His sanity—by his own later admission—had become twisted from cocaine; he overdosed several times during the year, and was withering physically to an alarming degree.^[48]^[59]

Station to Station's January 1976 release was followed in February by a three-and-a-half-month concert tour of Europe and North America. Featuring a starkly lit set, the Isolar – 1976 Tour highlighted songs from the album, including the dramatic and lengthy title track, the ballads "Wild Is the Wind" and "Word on a Wing", and the funkier "TVC 15" and "Stay". The core band that coalesced around this album and tour—rhythm guitarist Alomar, bassist George Murray, and drummer Dennis Davis—would continue as a stable unit for the remainder of the 1970s. The tour was highly successful but mired in political controversy. Bowie was quoted in Stockholm as saying that "Britain could benefit from a Fascist leader", and was detained by customs on the Russian/Polish border for possessing Nazi paraphernalia.^[60] Matters came to a head in London in May in what became known as the "Victoria Station incident". Arriving in an open-top Mercedes convertible, the singer waved to the crowd in a gesture that some alleged was a Nazi salute, which was captured on camera and published in NME. Bowie said the photographer simply caught him in mid-wave.^[61] He later blamed his pro-Fascism comments and his behaviour during the period on his addictions and the character of the Thin White Duke.^[62] "I was out of my mind, totally crazed. The main thing I was functioning on was mythology ... that whole thing about Hitler and Rightism ... I'd discovered King Arthur ...".^[59] According to playwright Alan Franks, writing later in The Times, "he was indeed 'deranged'. He had some very bad experiences with hard drugs."^[63]

1976–79: the Berlin era [link]

Bowie performing in Oslo on 5 June 1978

Bowie moved to Switzerland in 1976, purchasing a chalet in the hills to the north of Lake Geneva. In the new environment, his cocaine use increased; so too did his interest in pursuits outside his musical career. He took up painting, and produced a number of post-modernist pieces. When on tour, he took to sketching in a notebook, and photographing scenes for later reference. Visiting galleries in Geneva and the Brücke Museum in Berlin, Bowie became, in the words of biographer Christopher Sandford, "a prolific producer and collector of contemporary art. [...] Not only did he become a well-known patron of expressionist art: locked in Clos des Mésanges he began an intensive self-improvement course in classical music and literature, and started work on an autobiography".^[64]

Before the end of 1976, Bowie's interest in the burgeoning German music scene, as well as his drug addiction, prompted him to move to West Berlin to clean up and revitalise his career. Working with Brian Eno while sharing an apartment in Schöneberg with Iggy Pop, he began to focus on minimalist, ambient music for the first of three albums, co-produced with Tony Visconti, that would become known as his Berlin Trilogy.^[65] During the same period, Iggy Pop, with Bowie as a co-writer and musician, completed his solo album debut, The Idiot, and its follow-up, Lust for Life, touring the UK, Europe, and the US in March and April 1977.^[66] Low (1977), partly influenced by the Krautrock sound of Kraftwerk and Neu!, evidenced a move away from narration in Bowie's songwriting to a more abstract musical form in which lyrics were sporadic and optional. It received considerable negative criticism upon its release—a release which RCA, anxious to maintain the established commercial momentum, did not welcome, and which Bowie's ex-manager, Tony Defries, who still maintained a significant financial interest in the singer's affairs, tried to prevent. Despite these forebodings, Low yielded the UK number three single "Sound and Vision", and its own performance surpassed that of Station to Station in the UK chart, where it reached number two. Leading contemporary composer Philip Glass described Low as "a work of genius" in 1992, when he used it as the basis for his Symphony No. 1 "Low"; subsequently, Glass used Bowie's next album as the basis for his 1996 Symphony No. 4 "Heroes".^[67]^[68] Glass has praised Bowie's gift for creating "fairly complex pieces of music, masquerading as simple pieces".^[69]

	"Heroes" noicon Sample of "Heroes" (1977). One of the ambient rock songs to emerge from Bowie's Berlin Trilogy era, "Heroes" gained lasting popularity.
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Echoing Low's minimalist, instrumental approach, the second of the trilogy, "Heroes" (1977), incorporated pop and rock to a greater extent, seeing Bowie joined by guitarist Robert Fripp. Like Low, "Heroes" evinced the zeitgeist of the Cold War, symbolised by the divided city of Berlin.^[70] Incorporating ambient sounds from a variety of sources including white noise generators, synthesizers and koto, the album was another hit, reaching number three in the UK. Its title track, though only reaching number 24 in the UK singles chart, gained lasting popularity, and within months had been released in both German and French.^[71] Towards the end of the year, Bowie performed the song for Marc Bolan's television show Marc, and again two days later for Bing Crosby's televised Christmas special, when he joined Crosby in "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy", a version of "The Little Drummer Boy" with a new, contrapuntal verse. Five years later, the duet would prove a worldwide seasonal hit, charting in the UK at number three on Christmas Day, 1982.^[72]

After completing Low and "Heroes", Bowie spent much of 1978 on the Isolar II world tour, bringing the music of the first two Berlin Trilogy albums to almost a million people during 70 concerts in 12 countries. By now he had broken his drug addiction; biographer David Buckley writes that Isolar II was "Bowie's first tour for five years in which he had probably not anaesthetised himself with copious quantities of cocaine before taking the stage. [...] Without the oblivion that drugs had brought, he was now in a healthy enough mental condition to want to make friends."^[73] Recordings from the tour made up the live album Stage, released the same year.^[74]

The final piece in what Bowie called his "triptych", Lodger (1979), eschewed the minimalist, ambient nature of the other two, making a partial return to the drum- and guitar-based rock and pop of his pre-Berlin era. The result was a complex mixture of New Wave and World Music, in places incorporating Hejaz non-Western scales. Some tracks were composed using Eno and Peter Schmidt's Oblique Strategies cards: "Boys Keep Swinging" entailed band members swapping instruments, "Move On" used the chords from Bowie's early composition "All the Young Dudes" played backwards, and "Red Money" took backing tracks from "Sister Midnight", a piece previously composed with Iggy Pop.^[75] The album was recorded in Switzerland. Ahead of its release, RCA's Mel Ilberman stated, "It would be fair to call it Bowie's Sergeant Pepper [...] a concept album that portrays the Lodger as a homeless wanderer, shunned and victimized by life's pressures and technology." As described by biographer Christopher Sandford, "The record dashed such high hopes with dubious choices, and production that spelt the end—for fifteen years—of Bowie's partnership with Eno." Lodger reached number 4 in the UK and number 20 in the US, and yielded the UK hit singles "Boys Keep Swinging" and "DJ".^[76]^[77] Towards the end of the year, Bowie and Angela initiated divorce proceedings, and after months of court battles the marriage was ended in early 1980.^[78]

1980–89: from superstar to megastar [link]

Serious Moonlight Tour 1983

Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980) produced the number one hit "Ashes to Ashes", featuring the textural work of guitar-synthesist Chuck Hammer and revisiting the character of Major Tom from "Space Oddity". The song gave international exposure to the underground New Romantic movement when Bowie visited the London club "Blitz"—the main New Romantic hangout—to recruit several of the regulars (including Steve Strange of the band Visage) to act in the accompanying video, renowned as one of the most innovative of all time.^[79] While Scary Monsters utilised principles established by the Berlin albums, it was considered by critics to be far more direct musically and lyrically. The album's hard rock edge included conspicuous guitar contributions from Robert Fripp, Pete Townshend, Chuck Hammer and Tom Verlaine.^[80] As "Ashes to Ashes" hit number one on the UK charts, Bowie opened a three-month run on Broadway on 24 September, starring in The Elephant Man.^[81] The same year, he made a cameo appearance in the German film Christiane F., a real-life story of teenage drug addiction in 1970s Berlin. The soundtrack, in which Bowie's music featured prominently, was released as Christiane F. a few months later.

Bowie paired with Queen in 1981 for a one-off single release, "Under Pressure". The duet was a hit, becoming Bowie's third UK number one single. Bowie was given the lead role in the BBC's 1981 televised adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's play Baal. Coinciding with its transmission, a five-track EP of songs from the play, recorded earlier in Berlin, was released as David Bowie in Bertolt Brecht's Baal. In March 1982, the month before Paul Schrader's film Cat People came out, Bowie's title song, "Cat People (Putting Out Fire)", was released as a single, becoming a minor US hit and entering the UK top 30.^[82]

Bowie reached a new peak of popularity and commercial success in 1983 with Let's Dance. Co-produced by Chic's Nile Rodgers, the album went platinum in both the UK and the US. Its three singles became top twenty hits in both countries, where its title track reached number one. "Modern Love" and "China Girl" made number two in the UK, accompanied by a pair of acclaimed promotional videos that, as described by biographer David Buckley, "were totally absorbing and activated key archetypes in the pop world. 'Let's Dance', with its little narrative surrounding the young Aborigine couple, targeted 'youth', and 'China Girl', with its bare-bummed (and later partially censored) beach lovemaking scene (a homage to the film From Here to Eternity), was sufficiently sexually provocative to guarantee heavy rotation on MTV. By 1983, Bowie had emerged as one of the most important video artists of the day. Let's Dance was followed by the Serious Moonlight Tour, during which Bowie was accompanied by guitarist Earl Slick and backing vocalists Frank and George Simms. The world tour lasted six months and was extremely popular.^[83] Stevie Ray Vaughan was guest guitarist playing solo on "Let's Dance".

Performing during the critically maligned Glass Spider Tour, 1987

Tonight (1984), another dance-oriented album, found Bowie collaborating with Tina Turner and, once again, Iggy Pop. It included a number of cover songs, among them the 1966 Beach Boys hit "God Only Knows". The album bore the transatlantic top ten hit "Blue Jean", itself the inspiration for a short film that won Bowie a Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video, "Jazzin' for Blue Jean". Bowie performed at Wembley in 1985 for Live Aid, a multi-venue benefit concert for Ethiopian famine relief. During the event, the video for a fundraising single was premièred, Bowie's duet with Mick Jagger. "Dancing in the Street" quickly went to number one on release. The same year, Bowie worked with the Pat Metheny Group to record "This Is Not America" for the soundtrack of The Falcon and the Snowman. Released as a single, the song became a top 40 hit in the UK and US.^[84]

Bowie was given a role in the 1986 film Absolute Beginners. It was poorly received by critics, but Bowie's theme song rose to number two in the UK charts. He also appeared as Jareth, the Goblin King, in the 1986 Jim Henson film Labyrinth, for which he wrote five songs. His final solo album of the decade was 1987's Never Let Me Down, where he ditched the light sound of his previous two albums, instead offering harder rock with an industrial/techno dance edge. Peaking at number six in the UK, the album yielded the hits "Day-In, Day-Out" (his 60th single), "Time Will Crawl", and "Never Let Me Down". Bowie later described it as his "nadir", calling it "an awful album".^[85] Supporting Never Let Me Down, and preceded by nine promotional press shows, the 86-concert Glass Spider Tour commenced on 30 May. Bowie's backing band included Peter Frampton on lead guitar. Critics maligned the tour as overproduced, saying it pandered to the current stadium rock trends in its special effects and dancing.^[86]

1989–91: Tin Machine [link]

Bowie shelved his solo career in 1989, retreating to the relative anonymity of band membership for the first time since the early 1970s. A hard-rocking quartet, Tin Machine came into being after Bowie began to work experimentally with guitarist Reeves Gabrels. The line-up was completed by Tony and Hunt Sales, whom Bowie had known since the late 1970s for their contribution, on drums and bass respectively, to Iggy Pop's 1977 album Lust For Life.^[87]

Bowie in Chile during the 1990 Sound+Vision Tour

Though he intended Tin Machine to operate as a democracy, Bowie dominated, both in songwriting and in decision-making.^[88] The band's album debut, Tin Machine (1989), was initially popular, though its politicised lyrics did not find universal approval: Bowie described one song as "a simplistic, naive, radical, laying-it-down about the emergence of neo-Nazis"; in the view of biographer Christopher Sandford, "It took nerve to denounce drugs, fascism and TV [...] in terms that reached the literary level of a comic book."^[89] EMI complained of "lyrics that preach" as well as "repetitive tunes" and "minimalist or no production".^[90] The album nevertheless reached number three in the UK.^[89] Tin Machine's first world tour was a commercial success, but there was growing reluctance—among fans and critics alike—to accept Bowie's presentation as merely a band member.^[91] A series of Tin Machine singles failed to chart, and Bowie, after a disagreement with EMI, left the label.^[92] Like his audience and his critics, Bowie himself became increasingly disaffected with his role as just one member of a band.^[93] Tin Machine began work on a second album, but Bowie put the venture on hold and made a return to solo work. Performing his early hits during the seven-month Sound+Vision Tour, he found commercial success and acclaim once again.^[94]

In October 1990, a decade after his divorce from Angela, Bowie and Somali-born supermodel Iman were introduced by a mutual friend. Bowie recalled, "I was naming the children the night we met ... it was absolutely immediate." They would marry in 1992.^[95] Tin Machine resumed work the same month, but their audience and critics, ultimately left disappointed by the first album, showed little interest in a second. Tin Machine II's arrival was marked by a widely publicised and ill-timed conflict over the cover art: after production had begun, the new record label, Victory, deemed the depiction of four ancient nude Kouroi statues, judged by Bowie to be "in exquisite taste", "a show of wrong, obscene images", requiring air-brushing and patching to render the figures sexless.^[96] Tin Machine toured again, but after the live album Tin Machine Live: Oy Vey, Baby failed commercially, the band drifted apart, and Bowie, though he continued to collaborate with Gabrels, resumed his solo career.^[97]

1992–99: electronica [link]

Bowie performing in Finland in 1997

In April 1992 Bowie appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, following the Queen frontman's death the previous year. As well as performing "Heroes" and "All the Young Dudes", he was joined on "Under Pressure" by Annie Lennox, who took Mercury's vocal part.^[98] Four days later, Bowie and Iman were married in Switzerland. Intending to move to Los Angeles, they flew in to search for a suitable property, but found themselves confined to their hotel, under curfew: the 1992 Los Angeles riots began the day they arrived. They settled in New York instead.^[99]

1993 saw the release of Bowie's first solo offering since his Tin Machine departure, the soul, jazz and hip-hop influenced Black Tie White Noise. Making prominent use of electronic instruments, the album, which reunited Bowie with Let's Dance producer Nile Rodgers, confirmed Bowie's return to popularity, hitting the number one spot on the UK charts and spawning three top 40 hits, including the top 10 song "Jump They Say".^[100] Bowie explored new directions on The Buddha of Suburbia (1993), a soundtrack album of incidental music composed for the TV series adaptation of Hanif Kureishi's novel. It contained some of the new elements introduced in Black Tie White Noise, and also signalled a move towards alternative rock. The album was a critical success but received a low-key release and only made number 87 in the UK charts.^[101]

Reuniting Bowie with Eno, the quasi-industrial Outside (1995) was originally conceived as the first volume in a non-linear narrative of art and murder. Featuring characters from a short story written by Bowie, the album achieved US and UK chart success, and yielded three top 40 UK singles.^[102] In a move that provoked mixed reaction from both fans and critics, Bowie chose Nine Inch Nails as his tour partner for the Outside Tour. Visiting cities in Europe and North America between September 1995 and February the following year, the tour saw the return of Gabrels as Bowie's guitarist.^[103]

Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 17 January 1996.^[104] Incorporating experiments in British jungle and drum 'n' bass, Earthling (1997) was a critical and commercial success in the UK and the US, and two singles from the album became UK top 40 hits. Bowie's song "I'm Afraid of Americans" from the Paul Verhoeven film Showgirls was re-recorded for the album, and remixed by Trent Reznor for a single release. The heavy rotation of the accompanying video, also featuring Reznor, contributed to the song's 16-week stay in the US Billboard Hot 100. The Earthling Tour took in Europe and North America between June and November 1997.^[105] Bowie reunited with Visconti in 1998 to record "(Safe in This) Sky Life" for The Rugrats Movie. Although the track was edited out of the final cut, it would later be re-recorded and released as "Safe" on the B-side of Bowie's 2002 single "Everyone Says 'Hi'".^[106] The reunion led to other collaborations including a limited-edition single release version of Placebo's track "Without You I'm Nothing", co-produced by Visconti, with Bowie's harmonised vocal added to the original recording.^[107]

1999–present: neoclassicist Bowie [link]

Bowie (left) on-stage with Sterling Campbell during the Heathen Tour in 2002.

Bowie created the soundtrack for Omikron, a 1999 computer game in which he and Iman also appeared as characters. Released the same year and containing re-recorded tracks from Omikron, his album 'Hours...' featured a song with lyrics by the winner of his "Cyber Song Contest" Internet competition, Alex Grant.^[108] Making extensive use of live instruments, the album was Bowie's exit from heavy electronica.^[109] Sessions for the planned album Toy, intended to feature new versions of some of Bowie's earliest pieces as well as three new songs, commenced in 2000, but the album was never released. Bowie and Visconti continued their collaboration, producing a new album of completely original songs instead: the result of the sessions was the 2002 album Heathen.^[110] Alexandria Zahra Jones, Bowie and Iman's daughter, was born on 15 August.^[111]

In October 2001, Bowie opened The Concert for New York City, a charity event to benefit the victims of the September 11 attacks, with a minimalist performance of Simon & Garfunkel's "America", followed by a full band performance of "Heroes".^[112] 2002 saw the release of Heathen, and, during the second half of the year, the Heathen Tour. Taking in Europe and North America, the tour opened at London's annual Meltdown festival, for which Bowie was that year appointed artistic director. Among the acts he selected for the festival were Philip Glass, Television and The Polyphonic Spree. As well as songs from the new album, the tour featured material from Bowie's Low era.^[113] Reality (2003) followed, and its accompanying world tour, the A Reality Tour, with an estimated attendance of 722,000, grossed more than any other in 2004. Onstage in Oslo, Norway, on 18 June, Bowie was hit in the eye with a lollipop thrown by a fan; a week later he suffered chest pain while performing at the Hurricane Festival in Scheeßel, Germany. Originally thought to be a pinched nerve in his shoulder, the pain was later diagnosed as an acutely blocked artery, requiring an emergency angioplasty in Hamburg. The remaining 14 dates of the tour were cancelled.^[114]

Bowie in 2009 with his son Duncan Jones at the premiere of Jones' directorial debut Moon

Since recuperating from the heart surgery, Bowie has reduced his musical output, making only one-off appearances on stage and in the studio. He sang in a duet of his 1972 song "Changes" with Butterfly Boucher for the 2004 animated film Shrek 2.^[115] During a relatively quiet 2005, he recorded the vocals for the song "(She Can) Do That", co-written with Brian Transeau, for the film Stealth.^[116] He returned to the stage on 8 September 2005, appearing with Arcade Fire for the US nationally televised event Fashion Rocks, and performed with the Canadian band for the second time a week later during the CMJ Music Marathon.^[117] He contributed back-up vocals on TV on the Radio's song "Province" for their album Return to Cookie Mountain,^[118] made a commercial with Snoop Dogg for XM Satellite Radio,^[119] and joined with Lou Reed on Danish alt-rockers Kashmir's 2005 album No Balance Palace.^[120]

Bowie was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award on 8 February 2006.^[121] In April, he announced, "I’m taking a year off—no touring, no albums."^[122] He made a surprise guest appearance at David Gilmour's 29 May concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The event was recorded, and a selection of songs on which he had contributed joint vocals were subsequently released.^[123] He performed again in November, alongside Alicia Keys, at the Black Ball, a New York benefit event for Keep a Child Alive,^[124] a performance that marks the last time Bowie performed his music on stage.^[125]

Bowie was chosen to curate the 2007 High Line Festival, selecting musicians and artists for the Manhattan event,^[126] and performed on Scarlett Johansson's 2008 album of Tom Waits covers, Anywhere I Lay My Head.^[127] On the 40th anniversary of the July 1969 moon landing—and Bowie's accompanying commercial breakthrough with "Space Oddity"—EMI released the individual tracks from the original eight-track studio recording of the song, in a 2009 contest inviting members of the public to create a remix.^[128] A Reality Tour, a double album of live material from the 2003 concert tour, was released in January 2010.^[129]

In late March 2011, Toy, Bowie's previously unreleased album from 2001, was leaked onto the internet, containing material used for Heathen and most of its single B-sides, as well as unheard new versions of his early back catalogue.^[130]^[131]

Acting career [link]

Main article: David Bowie filmography

Biographer David Buckley writes, "The essence of Bowie's contribution to popular music can be found in his outstanding ability to analyse and select ideas from outside the mainstream—from art, literature, theatre and film—and to bring them inside, so that the currency of pop is constantly being changed."^[132] Buckley says, "Just one person took glam rock to new rarefied heights and invented character-playing in pop, marrying theatre and popular music in one seamless, powerful whole."^[133] Bowie's career has also been punctuated by various roles in film and theatre productions, earning him some acclaim as an actor in his own right.

The beginnings of his acting career predate his commercial breakthrough as a musician. Studying avant-garde theatre and mime under Lindsay Kemp, he was given the role of Cloud in Kemp's 1967 theatrical production Pierrot in Turquoise (later made into the 1970 television film The Looking Glass Murders).^[134] In the black-and-white short The Image (1969), he played a ghostly boy who emerges from a troubled artist's painting to haunt him.^[135] The same year, the film of Leslie Thomas's 1966 comic novel The Virgin Soldiers saw Bowie make a brief appearance as an extra.^[135] In 1976 he earned acclaim for his first major film role, portraying Thomas Jerome Newton, an alien from a dying planet, in The Man Who Fell to Earth, directed by Nic Roeg. Just a Gigolo (1979), an Anglo-German co-production directed by David Hemmings, saw Bowie in the lead role as Prussian officer Paul von Przygodski, who, returning from World War I, is discovered by a Baroness (Marlene Dietrich) and put into her Gigolo Stable.

Bowie took the title role in the Broadway theatre production The Elephant Man, earning high praise for an expressive performance. He played the part 157 times between 1980 and 1981.^[81] Christiane F. – Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, a 1981 biographical film focusing on a young girl's drug addiction in West Berlin, featured Bowie in a cameo appearance as himself at a concert in Germany. Its soundtrack album, Christiane F. (1981), featured much material from his Berlin Trilogy albums.^[136] Bowie starred in The Hunger (1983), a revisionist vampire film, with Catherine Deneuve and Susan Sarandon. In Nagisa Oshima's film the same year, Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, based on Laurens van der Post's novel The Seed and the Sower, Bowie played Major Jack Celliers, a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp. Bowie had a cameo in Yellowbeard, a 1983 pirate comedy created by Monty Python members, and a small part as Colin, the hitman in the 1985 film Into the Night. He declined to play the villain Max Zorin in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985).^[137]

Absolute Beginners (1986), a rock musical based on Colin MacInnes's 1959 novel about London life, featured Bowie's music and presented him with a minor acting role. The same year, Jim Henson's dark fantasy Labyrinth found him with the part of Jareth, the king of the goblins.^[138] Two years later he played Pontius Pilate in Martin Scorsese's 1988 film The Last Temptation of Christ. Bowie portrayed a disgruntled restaurant employee opposite Rosanna Arquette in The Linguini Incident (1991), and the mysterious FBI agent Phillip Jeffries in David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). He took a small but pivotal role as Andy Warhol in Basquiat, artist/director Julian Schnabel's 1996 biopic of Jean-Michel Basquiat, and co-starred in Giovanni Veronesi's Spaghetti Western Il Mio West (1998, released as Gunslinger's Revenge in the US in 2005) as the most feared gunfighter in the region.^[139] He played the ageing gangster Bernie in Andrew Goth's Everybody Loves Sunshine (1999), and appeared in the TV horror serial of The Hunger. In Mr. Rice's Secret (2000), he played the title role as the neighbour of a terminally ill twelve-year-old, and the following year appeared as himself in Zoolander.

Bowie portrayed physicist Nikola Tesla in the Christopher Nolan film, The Prestige (2006), which was about the bitter rivalry between two magicians in the late 19th century. He voice-acted in the animated film Arthur and the Invisibles as the powerful villain Maltazard, and lent his voice to the character Lord Royal Highness in the SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis television film. In the 2008 film August, directed by Austin Chick, he played a supporting role as Ogilvie, alongside Josh Hartnett and Rip Torn, with whom he had worked in 1976 for The Man Who Fell to Earth.^[140]^[141]

Sexual orientation [link]

Buckley writes, "If Ziggy confused both his creator and his audience, a big part of that confusion centred on the topic of sexuality."^[142] Bowie declared himself bisexual in an interview with Michael Watts of Melody Maker in January 1972, a move coinciding with the first shots in his campaign for stardom as Ziggy Stardust.^[42] In a September 1976 interview with Playboy, Bowie said: "It's true—I am a bisexual. But I can't deny that I've used that fact very well. I suppose it's the best thing that ever happened to me."^[143]

In a 1983 interview with Rolling Stone, Bowie said his public declaration of bisexuality was "the biggest mistake I ever made" and "I was always a closet heterosexual".^[144] On other occasions, he said his interest in homosexual and bisexual culture had been more a product of the times and the situation in which he found himself than his own feelings; as described by Buckley, he said he had been driven more by "a compulsion to flout moral codes than a real biological and psychological state of being".^[145]^[146]

Asked in 2002 by Blender whether he still believed his public declaration was the biggest mistake he ever made, he replied:

Interesting. [Long pause] I don’t think it was a mistake in Europe, but it was a lot tougher in America. I had no problem with people knowing I was bisexual. But I had no inclination to hold any banners nor be a representative of any group of people. I knew what I wanted to be, which was a songwriter and a performer, and I felt that bisexuality became my headline over here for so long. America is a very puritanical place, and I think it stood in the way of so much I wanted to do.^[147]

Buckley's view of the period is that Bowie, "a taboo-breaker and a dabbler ... mined sexual intrigue for its ability to shock",^[148] and that "it is probably true that Bowie was never gay, nor even consistently actively bisexual ... he did, from time to time, experiment, even if only out of a sense of curiosity and a genuine allegiance with the 'transgressional'."^[149] Biographer Christopher Sandford says that according to Mary Finnigan, with whom Bowie had an affair in 1969, the singer and his first wife Angie "lived in a fantasy world [...] and they created their bisexual fantasy."^[150] Sandford tells how, during the marriage, Bowie "made a positive fetish of repeating the quip that he and his wife had met while 'fucking the same bloke' [...] Gay sex was always an anecdotal and laughing matter. That Bowie's actual tastes swung the other way is clear from even a partial tally of his affairs with women."^[150]

Musicianship [link]

Bowie's guitar located in Hard Rock Café Warsaw.

From the time of his earliest recordings in the 1960s, Bowie has employed a wide variety of musical styles. His early compositions and performances were strongly influenced by not only rock and rollers like Little Richard and Elvis Presley but also the wider world of show business. He particularly strove to emulate the British musical theatre singer-songwriter and actor Anthony Newley, whose vocal style he frequently adopted, and made prominent use of for his 1967 debut release, David Bowie (to the disgust of Newley himself, who destroyed the copy he received from Bowie's publisher).^[19]^[151] Bowie's music hall fascination continued to surface sporadically alongside such diverse styles as hard rock and heavy metal, soul, psychedelic folk and pop.^[152]

Musicologist James Perone observes Bowie's use of octave switches for different repetitions of the same melody, exemplified in his commercial breakthrough single, "Space Oddity", and later in the song "Heroes", to dramatic effect; Perone notes that "in the lowest part of his vocal register [...] his voice has an almost crooner-like richness."^[153]

Voice instructor Jo Thompson describes Bowie's vocal vibrato technique as "particularly deliberate and distinctive".^[154] Schinder and Schwartz call him "a vocalist of extraordinary technical ability, able to pitch his singing to particular effect."^[155] Here, too, as in his stagecraft and songwriting, the singer's chamaeleon-like nature is evident: historiographer Michael Campbell says that Bowie's lyrics "arrest our ear, without question. But Bowie continually shifts from person to person as he delivers them [...] His voice changes dramatically from section to section."^[156]

Bowie plays many instruments, among them electric, acoustic, and twelve-string guitar; alto, tenor and baritone saxophone; keyboards including piano, synthesizers and Mellotron; harmonica, Stylophone, xylophone, vibraphone, koto, drums and percussion, and string instruments including viola and cello.^[157]^[158]^[159]^[160]

Legacy [link]

David Bowie's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

Bowie's innovative songs and stagecraft brought a new dimension to popular music in the early 1970s, strongly influencing both its immediate forms and its subsequent development. A pioneer of glam rock, Bowie, according to music historians Schinder and Schwartz, has joint responsibility with Marc Bolan for creating the genre.^[161] At the same time, he inspired the innovators of the punk rock music movement—historian Michael Campbell calls him "one of punk's seminal influences". While punk musicians trashed the conventions of pop stardom, Bowie moved on again—into a more abstract style of music making that would in turn become a transforming influence. Biographer David Buckley writes, "At a time when punk rock was noisily reclaiming the three-minute pop song in a show of public defiance, Bowie almost completely abandoned traditional rock instrumentation."^[162]^[163] Bowie's record company sought to convey his unique status in popular music with the slogan, "There is old wave, there is new wave, and there is Bowie..."^[164] Musicologist James Perone credits him with having "brought sophistication to rock music", and critical reviews frequently acknowledge the intellectual depth of his work and influence.^[161]^[165]^[166]

Buckley writes that, in an early 1970s pop world that was "Bloated, self-important, leather-clad, self-satisfied, ... Bowie challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day." As described by John Peel, "The one distinguishing feature about early-70s progressive rock was that it didn't progress. Before Bowie came along, people didn't want too much change." Buckley says that Bowie "subverted the whole notion of what it was to be a rock star", with the result that "After Bowie there has been no other pop icon of his stature, because the pop world that produces these rock gods doesn't exist any more. ... The fierce partisanship of the cult of Bowie was also unique—its influence lasted longer and has been more creative than perhaps almost any other force within pop fandom." Buckley concludes that "Bowie is both star and icon. The vast body of work he has produced ... has created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture. ... His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."^[2]

Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.^[104] Through perpetual reinvention, he has seen his influence continue to broaden and extend: music reviewer Brad Filicky writes that over the decades, "Bowie has become known as a musical chameleon, changing and dictating trends as much as he has altered his style to fit, influencing fashion and pop culture."^[167] Biographer Thomas Forget adds, "Because he has succeeded in so many different styles of music, it is almost impossible to find a popular artist today that has not been influenced by David Bowie."^[168]

Personal life [link]

Bowie and wife Iman

Bowie married Mary Angela Barnett (also known as Angie Bowie) on 19 March 1970 at Bromley Register Office in Beckenham Lane, Kent. They had a son together, Zowie Bowie (also known as Duncan Jones, film director), and divorced on 8 February 1980 in Switzerland.

The 1971 song "Kooks" on the album Hunky Dory was written for his newborn son.

In 1992 Bowie married Somali-American model Iman. They have one daughter, Alexandria Zahra Jones, born 15 August 2000.^[169] The couple resides primarily in Manhattan and London.^[170]

Regarding his compositions, in 2005 he said "Questioning my spiritual life has always been germane to what I was writing. Always." because he is "not quite an atheist and it bothers me."^[171]

Awards and recognition [link]

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by David Bowie

Bowie's 1969 commercial breakthrough, the song "Space Oddity", won him an Ivor Novello Special Award For Originality.^[172] For his performance in the 1976 science fiction film The Man Who Fell to Earth, he won a Saturn Award for Best Actor.^[173] In the ensuing decades he has been honoured with numerous awards for his music and its accompanying videos, receiving, among others, two Grammy Awards^[174]^[175] and two BRIT Awards.^[176]

In 1999, Bowie was made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government.^[177] He received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music the same year.^[178] He declined the royal honour of Commander of the British Empire in 2000, and turned down a knighthood in 2003,^[179] stating: "I would never have any intention of accepting anything like that. I seriously don't know what it's for. It's not what I spent my life working for."^[180]

Throughout his career he has sold an estimated 250 million albums.^[181] In the United Kingdom, he has been awarded 9 Platinum, 11 Gold and 8 Silver albums, and in the United States, 5 Platinum and 7 Gold.^[182]^[183] In the BBC's 2002 poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, he was ranked 29.^[181] In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 39th on their list of the 100 Greatest Rock Artists of All Time^[184] and the 23rd best singer of all time.^[185] Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 17 January 1996.^[104]

Discography [link]

Main article: David Bowie discography

David Bowie (1967)
Space Oddity (1969)
The Man Who Sold the World (1970)
Hunky Dory (1971)
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972)
Aladdin Sane (1973)
Pin Ups (1973)
Diamond Dogs (1974)
Young Americans (1975)
Station to Station (1976)
Low (1977)
"Heroes" (1977)

Lodger (1979)
Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980)
Let's Dance (1983)
Tonight (1984)
Never Let Me Down (1987)
Black Tie White Noise (1993)
The Buddha of Suburbia (1994)
Outside (1995)
Earthling (1997)
'Hours...' (1999)
Heathen (2002)
Reality (2003)

Filmography [link]

As Actor [link]

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1967	The Image	The Boy	short film
1969	The Virgin Soldiers	Soldier	(extra)
1970	Pierrot in Turquoise or The Looking Glass Murders	Cloud	television film
1976	The Man Who Fell to Earth	Thomas Jerome Newton	Saturn Award for Best Actor
1978	Just a Gigolo	Paul Ambrosius von Przygodski
1981	Christiane F. (Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo)	Himself	cameo
1982	The Snowman	Narrator	re-released version
1982	Baal	Baal	television film
1983	Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence	Maj. Jack 'Strafer' Celliers
	The Hunger	John
	Yellowbeard	The Shark	cameo (uncredited)
1985	Into the Night	Colin Morris	cameo
1986	Labyrinth	Jareth the Goblin King
1986	Absolute Beginners	Vendice Partners
1988	The Last Temptation of Christ	Pontius Pilate	cameo
1991	The Linguini Incident	Monte
1991	Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me	Phillip Jeffries	cameo
1996	Basquiat	Andy Warhol
1998	Gunslinger's Revenge (Il mio West)	Jack Sikora
1999	Everybody Loves Sunshine	Bernie
2000	Mr. Rice's Secret	William Rice
2001	Zoolander	Himself	cameo (nominated for MTV Movie Award)
2006	The Prestige	Nikola Tesla
2007	Arthur and the Invisibles	Emperor Maltazard	voice: English version
2008	August	Cyrus Ogilvie	cameo
2008	Spongebob Squarepants	L.R.H	guest voice
2009	Bandslam	Himself	cameo

As Musician [link]

Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars: The Motion Picture (1983) (VHS, DVD in 2003)
Love You Till Tuesday (1984) (VHS, DVD in 2005)
Serious Moonlight (1984) (VHS, unofficial DVD in 1999, official DVD in 2006)
Glass Spider (1988) (VHS, unofficial DVD as Glass Spider Tour in 2001, official DVD in 2007)
Bowie – The Video Collection (1993) (VHS)
Black Tie White Noise (1993) (VHS, DVD in 2005)
Best of Bowie (2002) (DVD)
A Reality Tour (2004) (DVD)

As Producer [link]

Büvös vadász (1994) (... aka Magic Hunter)
Passaggio per il paradiso (1998) (... aka Gentle Into the Night, ... aka Passage to Paradise)
Scott Walker: 30 Century Man (2006)

Documentaries [link]

Love You Till Tuesday (1969) (as the subject, short)
Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1973) (as the subject, documentary/concert film)
Cracked Actor (1974) (as the subject, BBC)
Group Madness (1983)
Cool Cats: Twenty-Five Years of Rock 'N' Roll Style (1983)
Queen: The Magic Years (1987)
Imagine: John Lennon (1988)
Superstar: The Life and Times of Andy Warhol (1990)
Travelling Light (1992)
Inspirations (1997)
Lou Reed: Rock and Roll Heart (1998)
Mayor of the Sunset Strip (2003)

Notes [link]

^ "How to say: Bowie". bbc.co.uk. 8 January 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2007/01/how_to_say_bowie.shtml. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Buckley (2005): pp. 516–17, 524, 529
^ "From Morrissey to Tony Blair: How Irelands children are at the heart of English culture". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/from-morrissey-to-tony-blair-how-irelands-children-are-at-the-heart-of-english-culture-445584.html. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
^ Hume, John et al (2008). Britain & Ireland: Lives Entwined III. British Council. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-86355-612-8.
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 9–16
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 18–19
^ Buckley (2000): p. 21.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sandford (1997): pp. 19–20
^ Doggett, Peter (January 2007). "Teenage Wildlife". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 8–9.
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 21–22
^ Sandford (1997): p. 25
^ Buckley (2005): p.19
^ Evans, Mike (2006). Rock 'n' Roll's Strangest Moments: Extraordinary Tales from Over Fifty Years. Anova Books. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-86105-923-9.
^ Heterochromia Central - What Is Central Heterochromia?
^ Sandford (1997): p. 28
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 29–30
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 35–39
^ Buckley (2000): p. 33
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 41–42
^ ^a ^b Buckley (2005): pp. 41–42
^ Buckley (2005): p. 46
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 49–52
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 49–50
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): p. 53
^ McKay, George (1996). Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance. Verso. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-85984-908-8.
^ Sandford (1997): p. 60
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 54–60
^ ^a ^b ^c Sandford (1997): pp. 62–63
^ Buckley (2000): pp. 89–90
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): p. 67
^ ^a ^b ^c Sandford (1997): pp. 73–74
^ Pegg (2000): pp. 260–65
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 95–99
^ Sandford (1997): p. 80
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 85–86
^ ^a ^b Buckley (2005): pp. 135–36
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 93–95
^ Buckley (2000): p. 156
^ Pegg (2004): pp. 281–83
^ Sandford (1997): p. 108
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 106–7
^ ^a ^b Carr & Murray (1981): p. 7
^ Carr & Murray (1981): p. 116
^ Buckley (2005): p. 163
^ Sandford (1997): p. 115
^ Buckley (2005): p. 3
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 180–83
^ ^a ^b Buckley (2005): pp. 204–5
^ Sandford (1997): p. 128
^ Sandford (1997): p. 138
^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 68–74
^ Buckley, 2003, p.130.
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): p. 146
^ Roberts, David (ed.) (2001). Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles. Guinness World Records Ltd. p. 120. ISBN 0-85156-156-X.
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 135–36
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 137, 153
^ Buckley (2005): p. 238
^ Buckley (2005): p. 244
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): p. 158
^ Buckley (2000): pp. 289–91.
^ Paytress, Mark (January 2007). "The Controversial Homecoming". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 64.
^ Carr & Murray (1981): p. 11.
^ Buckley (2005): p. 252
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 154–55
^ Sandford (1997): p. 149
^ Needs, Kris (January 2007). "The Passenger". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 65.
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 166–68
^ Perone (2007): p. 175
^ Thomson (1993): p. xiii
^ Pegg (2000): pp. 90–92
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 181–82
^ Bronson, Fred (1990). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard Books. p. 572. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.
^ Buckley (2005): p. 293
^ Sandford (1997): p. 189
^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 102–7
^ Buckley (2005): p. 281
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 191–92
^ Sandford (1997): p. 197
^ Pegg (2000): p. 29
^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 108–14
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): pp. 205–7
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 208, 211–12
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 335–55
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 165–66
^ McNair, James (January 2007). "Tumble & Twirl". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 101.
^ Fyfe, Andy (January 2007). "Too Dizzy". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 88–91.
^ Buckley (2005): p. 387
^ Sandford (1997): p. 274
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): p. 275
^ Sandford (1997): p. 273
^ Buckley (2005): p. 394
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 278–79
^ Sandford (1997): p. 278
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 280–86
^ Sandford (1997): p. 289
^ Sandford (1997): p. 292
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 294–95
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 298–99
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 413–14
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 301–8
^ Buckley (2000): pp. 494–95, 623
^ Buckley (2000): pp. 623–24
^ Buckley (2000): pp. 512–13
^ ^a ^b ^c "David Bowie: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction". rockhall.com. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://rockhall.com/inductees/david-bowie. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
^ Buckley (2000): pp. 533–34
^ Thompson (2006): p. 203
^ Thompson (2006): pp. 203, 212
^ Buckley (2005): p. 466
^ Perone (2007): p. 125
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 488–89
^ Buckley (2005): p. 485
^ Buckley (2005): p. 491
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 493–95
^ Buckley (2005): pp. 504–5
^ Buckley (2004): p. 16
^ Perone (2007): p. 142
^ Thompson (2006): pp. 291–92
^ "Space Is the Place: Innovative Brooklyn rockers blast off to the future". Spin (Spin Media LLC): 1. June 2006.
^ Lamb, Charles W.; Hair, Joseph F.; McDaniel, Carl (2007). Marketing. South-Western College Pub. p. 472. ISBN 978-0-324-36208-4.
^ Stone, Andrew (2008). Denmark. Lonely Planet. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-74104-669-4.
^ Thompson (2006): p. 293
^ Yuan, Jada (1 May 2006). "David Bowie Takes Time Off, Sneaks Into Movies". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16865/. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
^ Gulla, Bob (2008). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History. Greenwood. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-313-35806-7.
^ Mitchell, Gail (November 2009). "The Elements of Style". Billboard (Billboard.com): 22.
^ Gilmore, Mikal (2 February 2012), "How Ziggy Stardust Fell to Earth", Rolling Stone magazine (1149): 36–43,68
^ Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 500
^ Marchese, David (May 2008). "The Inquisition: Scarlett Johansson". Spin (Spin Media LLC): 40.
^ "David Bowie to release "Space Oddity" multi-tracks to celebrate moon landing". NME News. 6 July 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/david-bowie/45872. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
^ Diver, Mike (5 February 2010). "David Bowie A Reality Tour Review". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/5gwx. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
^ Perpetua, Matthew (22 March 2011). "Unreleased David Bowie LP 'Toy' Leaks Online". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/unreleased-david-bowie-lp-toy-leaks-online-20110322. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ Michaels, Sean (23 March 2011). "David Bowie's unreleased album Toy leaks online". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/mar/23/david-bowie-toy-album-leak. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ Buckley (2005): p. 526
^ Buckley (2005): p. 2
^ Sandford (1997): p. 43
^ ^a ^b Buckley (2005): p. 49
^ Sandford (1997); p. 208
^ Pegg (2004) p. 561.
^ Sandford (1997): pp. 252–53
^ Thompson (2006): p. 195
^ "August". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0470679. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
^ "The Man Who Fell to Earth". imdb.com. http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0074851/fullcredits. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
^ Buckley (2005): p. 140
^ "Interview: David Bowie". Playboy. September 1976. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100801045250/http://www.playboy.com/articles/david-bowie-interview/index.html?page=2. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
^ "David Bowie Calls Himself 'A Closet Heterosexual'". orlandosentinel.com (Orlando Sentinel). 30 May 1993. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-05-30/news/9305300344_1_david-bowie-mick-jagger-ziggy. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
^ Buckley (2000): p. 401
^ Buckley (2005): p. 106
^ Collis, Clark (August 2002). "Dear Superstar: David Bowie". blender.com (Alpha Media Group Inc). http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=366. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
^ Buckley (2005): p. 141
^ Buckley (2005): p. 147
^ ^a ^b Sandford (1997): p. 48
^ Perone (2007): p. 4
^ Perone (2007): pp. 22, 36–37
^ Perone (2007) p. 12
^ Thompson, Jo (2004). Find Your Voice: A Self-Help Manual for Singers. Artemis Editions. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-634-07435-6.
^ Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 483
^ Campbell (2008): p. 254
^ Thompson (2006): p. 346
^ Hopkins, Jerry (1985). Bowie. MacMillan. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-02-553730-9.
^ Perone (2007): pp. 17–44, 152–60
^ Buckley (2004): p. 48
^ ^a ^b Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 482
^ Campbell (2008) p. 304
^ Buckley (2004): p. 45
^ Thomson (1993): p. 217
^ Perone (2007): p. 183
^ Paytress, Mark (2003). Bolan: The Rise and Fall of a 20th Century Superstar. Omnibus Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-7119-9293-1.
^ Filicky, Brad (10 June 2002). "Reviews; David Bowie: Heathen". CMJ New Music Report (CMJ) 71 (766): 13.
^ Forget, Thomas (2002). David Bowie (Rock & Roll Hall of Famers). Rosen Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8239-3523-9.
^ FIRST LOOK: The News in Brief, August 15, 2000. Ca.eonline.com (2000-08-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
^ Iman. Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
^ Anthony DeCurtis (5 May 2005). In Other Words: Artists Talk About Life And Work. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 262–263. ISBN 978-0-634-06655-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=8Rr53q4VxuoC&pg=PA262. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
^ "Ivor Novello Awards". buckmusicgroup.com. Bucks Music Group. http://www.bucksmusicgroup.com/about/Ivor_Novello_Awards.html. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
^ "Past Award Winners". saturnawards.org. The Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy & Horror Films. http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
^ "Grammy Award Winners". Grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=David%20Bowie&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1. Retrieved 16 September 2010. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Lifetime Achievement Award: Past Recipients". Grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100826002047/http://www2.grammy.com/Recording%5FAcademy/Awards/Lifetime%5FAwards/. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
^ "David Bowie". brits.co.uk. Brit Awards Ltd. http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/david-bowie. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
^ Lichfield, John (8 May 2009). "The Big Question: How does the French honours system work, and why has Kylie been decorated?". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-big-question-how-does-the-french-honours-system-work-and-why-has-kylie-been-decorated-822752.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
^ "ChChChChanges". berklee.edu. Berklee College of Music. http://www.berklee.edu/news/1999/grad99.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
^ Thompson, Jody (8 January 2007). "Sixty things about David Bowie". (No. 35): BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6230201.stm. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
^ Mohan, Dominic (12 September 2003). "Exclusive: Bowie refuses knighthood". The Sun. http://www.bowiewonderworld.com/press/00/030912thesun.htm. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
^ ^a ^b Todd, Ben (27 November 2009). "David Bowie asked to play at Glastonbury for third time to mark 40th anniversary". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1231539/David-Bowie-asked-play-Glastonbury-time-mark-40th-anniversary.html. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
^ "Gold and Platinum: Search Results". riaa.com. Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=David%20Bowie&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
^ "Certified Awards Search". bpi.co.uk. British Phonographic Industry. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
^ "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Rolling Stone. 15 April 2004. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
^ "The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/6027/32782/33036. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

References [link]

Buckley, David (2000) [First published 1999]. Strange Fascination — David Bowie: The Definitive Story. London: Virgin. ISBN 0-7535-0457-X.
Buckley, David (2004). David Bowie: The Complete Guide To His Music. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84449-423-1.
Buckley, David (2005) [First published 1999]. Strange Fascination — David Bowie: The Definitive Story. London: Virgin. ISBN 978-0-7535-1002-5.
Buckley, Peter (2003). The rough guide to rock. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.
Campbell, Michael (2008). Popular Music in America: And The Beat Goes On. Schirmer. ISBN 978-0-495-50530-3.
Carr, Roy; Murray, Charles Shaar (1981). Bowie: An Illustrated Record. New York: Avon. ISBN 0-380-77966-8.
Cole, Shaun (2000). 'Don we now our gay apparel': gay men's dress in the twentieth century. London: Berg. ISBN 1-85973-415-4.
Ditmore, Melissa Hope (2006). Encyclopedia of prostitution and sex work, Volume 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32970-2.
Pegg, Nicholas (2004) [First published 2000]. The Complete David Bowie. London: Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1-903111-73-0.
Perone, James E. (2007). The Words and Music of David Bowie. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-99245-3.
Sandford, Christopher (1997) [First published 1996]. Bowie: Loving the Alien. Time Warner. ISBN 0-306-80854-4.
Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2007). Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33845-8.
Thomson, Elizabeth (1993). The Bowie Companion. Macmillan. ISBN 0-283-06262-2.
Thompson, Dave (2006). Hallo Spaceboy: The Rebirth of David Bowie. Ecw Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-733-8.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: David Bowie

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: David Bowie

Official website
Official Myspace page
Official YouTube channel
Documentary Film - David Bowie: Sound and Vision
Bowieart – paintings, printmakings, etc.
Works by or about David Bowie in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Authority control: LCCN: n81112099 | WorldCat

v t e David Bowie

Discography Awards and nominations Filmography Tours

Studio albums	David Bowie (1967) David Bowie (1969) The Man Who Sold the World Hunky Dory The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars Aladdin Sane Pin Ups Diamond Dogs Young Americans Station to Station Low "Heroes" Lodger Scary Monsters Let's Dance Tonight Never Let Me Down Black Tie White Noise Outside Earthling 'Hours...' Heathen Reality

With Tin Machine	Tin Machine Tin Machine II Tin Machine Live: Oy Vey, Baby

Live albums	David Live Stage Ziggy Stardust: The Motion Picture LiveAndWell.com Live Santa Monica '72 Glass Spider Live VH1 Storytellers A Reality Tour

Soundtracks	Christiane F. Love You till Tuesday Labyrinth The Buddha of Suburbia

EPs	Baal Earthling in the City Live EP (Live at Fashion Rocks)

Compilations	The World of David Bowie Changesonebowie The Best of Bowie Changestwobowie Rare Golden Years Fame and Fashion Changesbowie The Singles Collection Bowie at the Beeb All Saints Best of Bowie The Platinum Collection iSelect

Box sets	Sound + Vision Bowie Box Set

Concert videos	Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars Serious Moonlight Glass Spider A Reality Tour VH1 Storytellers

Promotional films and compilations	Love You till Tuesday Bowie – The Video Collection Black Tie White Noise Best of Bowie

Tours	Ziggy Stardust Tour Diamond Dogs Tour Isolar Isolar II Serious Moonlight Tour Glass Spider Tour Tin Machine Tour Sound+Vision Tour It's My Life Tour Outside Tour Outside Summer Festivals Tour Earthling Tour The Hours... Tour Mini Tour Heathen Tour A Reality Tour

Related artists	The Spiders from Mars Tin Machine Tony Visconti Brian Eno Mick Ronson Mick Woodmansey Trevor Bolder Mott The Hoople Iggy Pop Mike Garson Reeves Gabrels Earl Slick Carlos Alomar George Murray Dennis Davis Arnold Corns Lou Reed Robert Fripp Gail Ann Dorsey Adrian Belew Pete Townshend

Related articles	Major Tom The Thin White Duke Berlin Trilogy "Bowie" The Sovereign Omikron: The Nomad Soul

Book:David Bowie / Part 2: Singles and songs Category:David Bowie

Persondata
Name	Bowie, David
Alternative names	David Robert Jones
Short description	English singer, songwriter, musician
Date of birth	8 January 1947
Place of birth	London, England, UK
Date of death
Place of death

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie

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This article is about American actress. For the song by Mika, see Grace Kelly (song). For the jazz musician, see Grace Kelly (musician).

Grace Kelly

Grace Kelly in High Society (1956).
Princess consort of Monaco
Tenure	April 19, 1956 – September 14, 1982

Spouse	Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
Issue
Caroline, Princess of Hanover Albert II, Prince of Monaco Princess Stéphanie of Monaco
Full name
Grace Patricia Kelly
House	House of Grimaldi
Father	John B. Kelly, Sr.
Mother	Margaret Katherine Majer
Born	(1929-11-12)November 12, 1929 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died	September 14, 1982(1982-09-14) (aged 52) Monaco
Burial	Monaco Cathedral
Occupation	Actress
Signature
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an American actress who, in April 1956, married Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, to become Princess consort of Monaco, styled as Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco, and commonly referred to as Princess Grace.

After embarking on an acting career in 1950, at the age of 20, Grace Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions as well as in more than forty episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television. In October 1953, with the release of Mogambo, she became a movie star, a status confirmed in 1954 with a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award nomination as well as leading roles in five films, including The Country Girl, in which she gave a deglamorized, Academy Award-winning performance. She retired from acting at 26 to enter upon her duties in Monaco. She and Prince Rainier had three children: Caroline, Albert, and Stéphanie. She also retained her American roots, maintaining dual US and Monégasque citizenships.

She died after suffering a stroke on September 14, 1982, when she lost control of her automobile and crashed. Her daughter, Princess Stéphanie, was in the car with her, and survived the accident.

In June 1999, the American Film Institute ranked her No.13 in their list of top female stars of American cinema.

1 Family
2 Acting career
- 2.1 Theater and television
- 2.2 Actress for MGM
3 Marriage
4 Princess of Monaco
- 4.1 Children and family
- 4.2 Later years
5 Personal life
6 Friendship with Josephine Baker
7 Death
8 Legacy
9 Titles and styles
10 Screen credits
- 10.1 Filmography
- 10.2 Television appearances and filmography
11 Discography
12 References
13 External links

Family [link]

Grace Kelly was born in Philadelphia to John Brendan "Jack" Kelly, and his wife, Margaret Katherine Majer. The newborn was named after her father's sister, who had died at a young age. She was raised Catholic,^[1]^[2] and was of Irish and German descent.^[3] Before her marriage, Majer studied physical education at Temple University and later became the first woman to head the Physical Education Department at the University of Pennsylvania. Jack Kelly was a local hero as a triple Olympic-gold-medal-winning sculler, and became wealthy as his construction company became the largest such enterprise on the East Coast.^[2] Registering as a Democrat, he obtained the party's nomination for mayor in the 1935 election and lost by the closest margin for any Democrat in the city's history. In later years, he served on the Fairmount Park Commission and, during World War II, was appointed by President Roosevelt as National Director of Physical Fitness.

When Grace was born, the Kellys already had two children, Margaret Katherine, known as Peggy (June 13, 1925 – November 23, 1991) and John Brendan, Jr., known as Kell (May 24, 1927 – May 2, 1985). Another daughter, Elizabeth Anne, known as Lizanne (June 25, 1933 – November 24, 2009), was born three and a half years after Grace.

At Margaret's baptism in 1925, Jack Kelly's mother, Mary Costello Kelly, expressed her disappointment that the baby was not named Grace in memory of her last daughter, who had died young. Upon his mother's death the following year, Jack Kelly resolved that his next daughter would bear the name and, three years later, with the arrival of Grace Patricia in November 1929, his late mother's wish was honored.

Following in his father's athletic footsteps, John Jr. won in 1947 the James E. Sullivan Award as the country's top amateur athlete. Also, similar to his father's gold medals in rowing at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics, he competed in the sport at the 1948, 1952 and the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne where, on November 27, seven months after his sister's Monaco wedding, he won a bronze medal, which he gave to her as a gift of the occasion. He also served as a city councilman, and Philadelphia's Kelly Drive is named for him.

Two of Grace Kelly's uncles were prominent in the arts; her father's eldest brother, Walter C. Kelly (1873–1939), was a vaudeville star whose nationally known act The Virginia Judge was filmed as a 1930 MGM short and a 1935 Paramount feature, and another older brother, George Kelly (1887–1974), estranged from the family due to his homosexuality, became renowned in the 1920s as a dramatist, screenwriter and director with a hit comedy-drama, The Show Off in 1924–25, and was awarded the 1926 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his next play, Craig's Wife.^[4]

Acting career [link]

Grace Kelly
from the film To Catch a Thief
Born	Grace Patricia Kelly
Years active	1950–1956

While attending Ravenhill Academy, a prestigious Catholic girls' school, Kelly modeled fashions at local social events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of twelve, she played a lead in Don't Feed the Animals, a play produced by the East Falls Old Academy Players.^[4] During high school, she acted and danced, graduating in May 1947 from Stevens School, a small private institution in a mansion on Walnut Lane in the Northwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Germantown. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress as Ingrid Bergman and her favorite actor as Joseph Cotten.^[5] Written in the "Stevens' Prophecy" section was, “Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen.”

Theater and television [link]

Because of low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected by Bennington College in July 1947.^[6] To the dismay of her parents—despite his brothers' occupations, her father viewed acting as "a slim cut above streetwalker"^[2]—Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of a career in the theater. For an audition into the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York she used a scene from her uncle's 1923 play The Torch-Bearers. Although the school had already selected its semester quota, Kelly obtained an interview with the school's admission officer, Emile Diestel, and was admitted due to her uncle George.^[2] Living in Manhattan's Barbizon Hotel for Women, a prestigious establishment which barred men from entering after 10 pm, and working as a model to support her studies, Kelly began her first term the following October. A diligent student, she would use a tape recorder to practice and perfect her speech. Her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, most notably a Broadway debut in Strindberg's The Father alongside Raymond Massey. At 19, her graduation performance was as Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story.^[2]

Television producer Delbert Mann cast Kelly as Bethel Merriday, an adaptation of the Sinclair Lewis novel of the same name, in her first of nearly sixty live television programs.^[2] Success on television eventually brought her a role in a major motion picture. Kelly made her film debut in a small role in the 1951 film Fourteen Hours. She was noticed during a visit to the set by Gary Cooper, who subsequently starred with her in High Noon. Cooper was charmed by Kelly and said that she was "different from all these actresses we've been seeing so much of."

However, her performance in Fourteen Hours was not noticed by critics, and did not lead to her receiving other film acting roles. She continued her work in the theater and on television,^[4] although she lacked "vocal horsepower" and would likely not have had a lengthy stage career.^[2] Kelly was performing in Colorado’s Elitch Gardens when she received a telegram from Hollywood producer Stanley Kramer, offering her a co-starring role opposite Gary Cooper in High Noon.

Actress for MGM [link]

With Clark Gable in Mogambo

Kelly's role as Linda Nordley in MGM's production of Mogambo garnered her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Although High Noon increased Kelly's prominence in Hollywood, director John Ford noticed her by seeing a 1950 screen test which showed, he said, that Kelly had "breeding, quality and class".^[2] Gene Tierney was initially cast in the role, but due to emotional problems dropped out at the last minute,^[7]^[8] and the studio flew Kelly to Los Angeles to audition in September 1952. She won the role, along with a 7-year contract at the relatively low salary of $850 a week. Kelly signed the deal under two conditions: First that, one out of every two years, she have time off to work in the theater and second, that she be able to live in New York City, at the now-landmarked Manhattan House, at 200 E. 66th Street.^[9]^[2] Just two months later, in November, the cast arrived in Nairobi to begin production. She later told Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper, "Mogambo had three things that interested me. John Ford, Clark Gable, and a trip to Africa with expenses paid. If Mogambo had been made in Arizona, I wouldn't have done it."^[10] The filming timetable afforded her opportunity to indulge in types of activities that undoubtedly would not have been broadcast to the likes of Hedda Hopper or her reading public. Kelly and Mogambo co-star Ava Gardner enjoyed a break in the production schedule to journey to Rome and supposedly spent time there "brothel-hopping."^[11]

In Dial M for Murder

After the success of Mogambo, Kelly starred in a TV play The Way of an Eagle, with Jean-Pierre Aumont before being cast in the film adaptation of Frederick Knott's Broadway hit Dial M for Murder. Director Alfred Hitchcock also saw the 1950 screen test^[2] and would become one of Kelly's last mentors. He took full advantage of Kelly's virginal beauty on-camera. In a scene in which her character Margot Wendice is nearly murdered, a struggle breaks out between her and her would-be-killer Tony Dawson as she kicks her legs and flails her arms attempting to fight off her killer. Dial M for Murder opened in theaters in May 1954 to both positive reviews and box-office triumph.

Kelly began filming scenes for her next film, The Bridges at Toko-Ri, in January 1954 with William Holden. The role of Nancy, the wife of naval officer Harry (Holden), proved to be a minor but pivotal part of the story. Released in January 1955, The New Yorker wrote of Kelly and Holden's unbridled on-screen chemistry, taking note of Kelly's performance of the part "with quiet confidence."

In committing to the role of Lisa Fremont in Rear Window, Kelly unhesitatingly turned down the opportunity to star alongside Marlon Brando in On the Waterfront, which won her replacement, Eva Marie Saint, an Academy Award. "All through the making of Dial M for Murder, he [Hitchcock] sat and talked to me about Rear Window all the time, even before we had discussed my being in it."^[12] Much like the shooting of Dial M for Murder, Kelly and Hitchcock shared a close bond of humor and admiration. Sometimes, however, minor strife would emerge on set concerning the wardrobe:

At the rehearsal for the scene in Rear Window when I wore a sheer nightgown, Hitchcock called for Edith Head. He came over here and said, 'Look, the bosom is not right, we're going to have to put something in there.' He was very sweet about it; he didn't want to upset me, so he spoke quietly to Edith. When we went into my dressing room and Edith said, 'Mr. Hitchcock is worried because there's a false pleat here. He wants me to put in falsies.' Well, I said, 'You can't put falsies in this, it's going to show and I'm not going to wear them.' And she said, 'What are we going to do?' So we quickly took it up here, made some adjustments there, and I just did what I could and stood as straight as possible – without falsies. When I walked out onto the set Hitchcock looked at me and at Edith and said, 'See what a difference they make?'

With James Stewart in Rear Window

Kelly's new co-star, James Stewart, was highly enthusiastic about working with her.^[13] The role of Lisa Fremont, a wealthy Manhattan socialite and model, was unlike any of the previous women which she had played. For the very first time, she was an independent career woman. Stewart played a speculative photographer with a broken leg, bound to a wheelchair and so reduced to curiously observing the happenings outside his window. Just as he had done earlier, Hitchcock provided the camera with a slow-sequenced silhouette of Kelly, along with a close-up of the two stars kissing and finally lingering closely on her profile. With the film's opening in October 1954, Kelly was again praised. Variety's film critic remarked on the casting, commenting about the "earthy quality to the relationship between Stewart and Miss Kelly. Both do a fine job of the picture's acting demands."^[14]

Kelly won the role of Bing Crosby's long-suffering wife, Georgie Elgin, in The Country Girl, after a pregnant Jennifer Jones bowed out. Already familiar with the play, Kelly was desperate for the part. This meant that, to MGM's dismay, she would have to be loaned out to Paramount. Kelly threatened the studio that she would pack her bags and leave for New York for good. The vanquished studio caved in, and the part was hers.

The film also paired Kelly again with William Holden. The wife of a washed-up alcoholic singer, played by Crosby, Kelly's character is emotionally torn between two lovers. Holden willfully begs Kelly to leave her husband and be with him. A piece of frail tenderness manages to cloak itself inside of her, even after having been demonized by Crosby, describing "a pathetic hint of frailty in a wonderful glowing man. That appeals a lot to us. It did to me. I was so young. His weaknesses seemed touching and sweet, they made me love him more."

As a result of her performance in The Country Girl, Kelly was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her main competitor for the prize was Judy Garland's much heralded comeback performance in A Star Is Born; playing not only the part of an up and coming actress-singer, but also ironically, the wife of an alcoholic movie star. Although Kelly won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best actress for her performances in her three big movie roles of 1954 (Rear Window, Dial M For Murder, and The Country Girl), she and Garland both received Golden Globe Awards for their respective performances.

By the following March, the race between Kelly and Garland for the Oscar was very close. On the night of the Academy Awards telecast, March 30, 1955, Garland was unable to attend because she was in the hospital having just given birth to her son, Joseph Luft. However, she was rumored to be the odds-on favorite, and NBC Television cameras were set up in her hospital room so that if she was announced as the winner, Garland could make her acceptance speech live from her hospital bed. However, when William Holden announced Kelly as the winner, the technicians immediately dismantled the cameras without saying one word to Garland. Garland was reported not to have been very gracious about Kelly's win, saying in later years, "I didn't appreciate Grace Kelly taking off her makeup and walking away with my Oscar."

In April 1954, Kelly flew to Colombia for a 10-day shoot on her next project, Green Fire, with Stewart Granger. Kelly played Catherine Knowland, a coffee plantation owner. In Granger's autobiography he writes of his distaste for the film's script, while Kelly later confided to Hedda Hopper, "It wasn't pleasant. We worked at a pathetic village – miserable huts and dirty. Part of the crew got shipwrecked ... It was awful."^[10] Green Fire was a critical and box-office failure.

With Cary Grant in To Catch a Thief

After the back-to-back filming of Rear Window, Toko-Ri, Country Girl and Green Fire, Kelly flew to France, along with department store heir Bernard "Barney" Strauss, to begin work on her third and last film for Alfred Hitchcock, To Catch a Thief. Kelly and her co-star, Cary Grant, developed a mutual admiration. The two cherished their time together for the rest of their lives. Years later, when asked to name his all-time favorite actress, Grant replied without hesitation: "Well, with all due respect to dear Ingrid Bergman, I much preferred Grace. She had serenity."^[15] The fireworks scene has been the subject of much commentary, as Hitchcock peppers an undertone of sexual innuendo during the sequence.

Marriage [link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Kelly headed the US delegation at the Cannes Film Festival in April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session at the Palace of Monaco with Prince Rainier III, the sovereign of the principality. After a series of delays and complications, Kelly met the prince in Monaco.

Upon returning to America, Kelly began work on The Swan, in which she coincidentally portrayed a princess. Meanwhile, she was privately beginning a correspondence with Rainier. In December, Rainier came to America on a trip officially designated as a tour, although it was speculated that Rainier was actively seeking a wife. A 1918 treaty with France stated that if Rainier did not produce an heir, Monaco would revert to France as a result of the Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918. At a press conference in the United States, Rainier was asked if he was pursuing a wife, to which he answered, "No." A second question was posed, asking, "If you were pursuing a wife, what kind would you like?" Rainier smiled and answered, "I don't know – the best." Rainier met Kelly and her family, and after three days, the prince proposed. Kelly accepted and the families began preparing for what the press called "The Wedding of the Century." Kelly and her family had to provide Prince Rainier with a dowry of 2 million USD in order for the marriage to go ahead. The religious wedding was set for April 19, 1956. News of the engagement was a sensation even though it meant the possible end to Kelly's film career. Alfred Hitchcock had quipped that he was "very happy that Grace has found herself such a good part."

With Frank Sinatra in High Society

Preparations for the wedding were elaborate. The Palace of Monaco was painted and redecorated throughout. On April 4, 1956, leaving from Pier 84 in New York Harbor, Kelly, with her family, bridesmaids, poodle, and over eighty pieces of luggage boarded the ocean liner SS Constitution for the French Riviera. Some 400 reporters applied to sail, though most were turned away. Thousands of fans sent the party off for the eight-day voyage. In Monaco, more than 20,000 people lined the streets to greet the future princess consort.

That same year, MGM released Kelly's last film, the musical comedy High Society (based on the studio's 1940 comedy Philadelphia Story). One highlight of the film was Kelly's duet with Bing Crosby, singing "True Love," with words and music by Cole Porter.

Princess of Monaco [link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

File:Grace kelly wedding dress.jpg

Grace Kelly in her wedding dress

Kelly and Rainier had both civil and religious weddings. The 40-minute civil ceremony took place in the Palace Throne Room of Monaco on April 18, 1956, and was broadcast across Europe. To cap the ceremony, the 142 official titles (counterparts of Rainier's) that Kelly acquired in the union were formally recited. The following day the church ceremony took place at Monaco's Saint Nicholas Cathedral. Kelly's wedding dress, designed by MGM's Academy Award–winning Helen Rose, was worked on for six weeks by three dozen seamstresses. The bridesmaid's gowns were designed by Joe Allen Hong at Neiman Marcus after Lawrence Marcus visited Monaco. The 600 guests included Hollywood stars David Niven and his wife Hjördis, Gloria Swanson, Ava Gardner, the crowned head Aga Khan, Gloria Guinness, Aimée de Heeren^{[citation needed]}, Daisy Fellowes, Etti Plesch, Lady Diana Cooper, and Conrad Hilton. Frank Sinatra initially accepted an invitation but at the last minute decided otherwise, afraid of upstaging the bride on her wedding day. The ceremony was watched by an estimated 30 million people on television. The prince and princess left that night for their seven-week Mediterranean honeymoon cruise on Rainier's yacht, Deo Juvante II.

Royal monogram as Princess

As Princess of Monaco, she founded AMADE Mondiale, a Monaco-based non-profit organization eventually recognized by the UN as a Non-Governmental Organization. According to UNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion and in a spirit of complete political independence." Her daughter Princess Caroline carries the torch for AMADE today in her role as President.

Children and family [link]

Princess Grace gave birth to the couple's first child, Princess Caroline, nine months and four days after the wedding. Twenty-one guns announced the event, a national holiday was called, gambling ceased, and free champagne flowed throughout the principality. A little over a year later, 101 guns announced the birth of their second child, Prince Albert. Prince Rainier and Princess Grace had three children:

Caroline Louise Marguerite, Princess of Hanover, born January 23, 1957, and now heiress presumptive to the throne of Monaco
Albert II, Prince of Monaco, born March 14, 1958, current ruler of the Principality of Monaco
Princess Stéphanie Marie Elisabeth, born February 1, 1965.

Later years [link]

File:Grace Kelly Expo67 pressonf - LAC E000996504.jpg

Princess Grace at a press conference in Montreal, during Expo 1967.

After the wedding, Prince Rainier banned the screening of Kelly's films.^[16] Hitchcock offered Kelly the lead in his film Marnie in 1962. She was eager, but public outcry in Monaco against her involvement in a film that portrayed her as a kleptomaniac made her reconsider and ultimately reject the project. Director Herbert Ross attempted to lure Princess Grace for his 1977 film The Turning Point, but Prince Rainier quashed the idea. Later that year, Kelly returned to the arts in a series of poetry readings on stage and the narration of the documentary The Children of Theater Street. She also narrated ABC's made-for-television film The Poppy Is Also a Flower (1966).

As princess, Kelly was active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, and eventually the Princess Grace Foundation was formed to support local artisans. She was one of the first celebrities to support and speak on behalf of La Leche League, an organization that advocates breastfeeding; she planned a yearly Christmas party for local orphans, and dedicated a Garden Club that reflected her love of flowers.

Kelly was also a member of the International Best Dressed List since 1960.^[17]

In 1981, the Prince and Princess celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary.

Personal life [link]

Kelly was the object of the tabloids and gossip throughout her life. Her love life was a particular focus of speculation. Stories of affairs circulated from her first major role in motion pictures and eventually included the names of almost every major actor at the time. It is likely that many of the stories are exaggerated.^[18]

During the making of Dial M for Murder, it is rumored that her co-star, Ray Milland, probably seduced her.^[2] Milland was 22 years older than she. Milland assured Kelly that he had left his wife, which she would later find out to have been a lie.^[19] Muriel Milland was one of the most popular wives in Hollywood and had the support of many friends, including gossip columnist Hedda Hopper. After Muriel Milland found out about the alleged affair, Kelly was branded a homewrecker. After Kelly gave a press interview explaining her side of the story the town seemed to lose interest in the scandal. It was never proven that Kelly actually succumbed to Milland's advances; in fact, her friends at the time, such as Rita Gam, believed she had little interest in him.

Kelly (far right) with Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and first lady, Nancy Reagan, 1981

Russian fashion designer, Oleg Cassini, having just seen Mogambo earlier that evening, encountered Grace Kelly having dinner at Le Veau d'Or. Formerly married to actress Gene Tierney, the original choice to play Mogambo's Linda Nordley, Cassini was raised in Florence and had a cultured air with an abundance of charm and courtliness. He became just as captivated by Kelly in person as he had been while watching her in the film and soon piqued her curiosity by sending her a daily bouquet of red roses. His persistence paid off when she accepted his invitation to lunch, with the provision that her eldest sister, Peggy, join them. Although Kelly and Cassini almost married,^[2] their relationship ended with her parents' refusal to accept a divorced non-Catholic as a future son-in-law.

Prince Rainier laid down a list of strict rules when it came to the encounters with the Princess at the palace, which included no autographs, no photographs, no audio recording devices. And no one was allowed to leave the room for anything, unless, and until, the Princess left the room first, so that she would avoid being trapped by a mob of fans. This observation was reported in 1963.^{[citation needed]} Whether either the Prince or Princess had extramarital affairs is unclear, but the couple had become closer just before Kelly's death.^[2]

In a 1960s interview Kelly explained how she had grown to accept the scrutiny as a part of being in the public eye, but expressed concern for her children’s exposure to such relentless "scandal-mongering". After her death celebrity biographers chronicled the rumors with renewed enthusiasm.

Friendship with Josephine Baker [link]

In 1951, the newly famous Kelly took a bold stand against a racist incident involving Black American expatriate singer/dancer Josephine Baker, when Sherman Billingsley's Stork Club in New York refused Baker as a customer. Kelly, who was dining at the club when this happened, was so disgusted that she rushed over to Baker (whom she had never met), took her by the arm, and stormed out with her entire party, vowing never to return (and she never did).^[20] The two women became close friends after that night. A significant testament to their close friendship was made evident when Baker was near bankruptcy, and was offered a villa and financial assistance by Kelly (who by that time had become The Princess of Monaco) and her husband Rainier III of Monaco. The princess also encouraged Baker to return to performing and financed Baker's triumphant comeback in 1975, attending the opening night's performance. When Baker died, the Princess secured her burial in Monaco.^{[citation needed]}

Death [link]

On September 13, 1982, while driving with her daughter, Stéphanie, to Monaco from their country home, Roc Agel, on the French side of the border, Princess Grace suffered a stroke, which caused her to drive her Rover P6^[21]^[22] off the serpentine road down a mountainside. The accident site is located at 43°43′35″N 7°24′10″E / 43.72639°N 7.40278°E / 43.72639; 7.40278.^[23] Grace was pulled alive from the wreckage, but had suffered serious injuries and was unconscious. She died the following day at the Monaco Hospital (renamed Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace – "The Princess Grace Hospital Centre" in English—in 1985), having never regained consciousness; she was 52 years old. It was initially reported that Princess Stéphanie suffered only minor bruising, although it later emerged that she had suffered a serious cervical fracture.^[24]

Grace was buried in the Grimaldi family vault on September 18, 1982, after a requiem mass in Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Monaco.^[25] The 400 guests at the service included representatives of foreign governments and of present and past European royal houses. Diana, Princess of Wales represented the British royal family. Cary Grant was among the members of the film community in attendance. Prince Rainier, who did not remarry, was buried alongside her following his death in 2005.^[26]

In his eulogy, James Stewart said:

“

You know, I just love Grace Kelly. Not because she was a princess, not because she was an actress, not because she was my friend, but because she was just about the nicest lady I ever met. Grace brought into my life as she brought into yours, a soft, warm light every time I saw her, and every time I saw her was a holiday of its own. No question, I'll miss her, we'll all miss her, God bless you, Princess Grace.

”

Legacy [link]

File:Grace Kelly at Expo67 - LAC e000996509.jpg

Grace Kelly in 1967

During her pregnancy in 1956 Princess Grace was frequently photographed clutching a distinctive leather hand-bag manufactured by Hermes. The purse, or Sac à dépêches, was likely a shield to prevent Kelly's baby bump from being exposed to the prying eyes of the Paparazzi. The photographs, however, popularized the purse and became so closely associated with the fashion icon that the purse would thereafter be known as the Kelly Bag.^[27]

The Princess Grace Foundation, Monaco was founded in 1964 with the aim of helping those with special needs for whom no provision was made within the ordinary social services. In 1983 following Princess Grace's death, Caroline, Princess of Hanover assumed the duties of President of the Board of Trustees of the Foundation. Albert II, Prince of Monaco is Vice-President.^[28]

The Princess Grace Foundation-USA (PGF-USA) was established following the death of Princess Grace of Monaco to continue the work that she had done, anonymously, during her lifetime, assisting emerging theater, dance and film artists in America. Incorporated in 1982, PGF-USA is headquartered in New York and is a tax-exempt, not-for-profit, publicly supported organization. The Princess Grace Awards, a program of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, has awarded nearly 500 artists at more than 100 institutions in the U.S. with more than $7 million to date. The Princess Grace Foundation-USA also holds the exclusive rights to, and facilitates the licensing of, Princess Grace of Monaco's name and likeness throughout the world. Princess Grace Foundation-USA

In 1983, an American television film which focused on the early life of the princess was presented featuring Cheryl Ladd and Ian McShane as Grace and Prince Rainier.^[29]

On June 18, 1984, Prince Rainier inaugurated a public rose garden in Monaco in Princess Grace's memory because of her passion for the flower.^[30]

In 1993, Princess Grace became the first U.S. actress to appear on a U.S. postage stamp.^[16]^[31]

In 2003, 83 years after Olympic Gold Medalist John Kelly, Sr. was refused entry to the most prestigious rowing event in the world, the Henley Royal Regatta renamed the Women's Quadruple Sculls after his daughter, "Princess Grace Challenge Cup". Princess Grace was invited to present the prizes at the Henley Royal Regatta in 1981 as a peace offering by the Henley Stewards to put a long conflict (61 years) between the Kelly family and Stewards to rest. (NOTE: her brother, John Kelly, Jr., won the Diamond Sculls at Henley in 1947 and 1949 as well as a Bronze Medal in the single sculls at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.) In 2004 her son, Prince Albert, presented the prizes at the Henley Royal Regatta.

On April 1, 2006, The Philadelphia Museum of Art presented an exhibition entitled, Fit for a Princess: Grace Kelly's Wedding Dress, that ran through May 21, 2006. The exhibition was in honor of the 50th anniversary of Princess Grace and Prince Rainier's wedding.^[32]

To commemorate the 25th anniversary of her death, €2 commemorative coins were issued on July 1, 2007 with the "national" side bearing the image of Princess Grace. In Monaco (at the Grimaldi Forum) and the United States (at Sotheby's) a large Princess Grace exhibition, coordinated by the Princely Family, called "Grace, Princess of Monaco: A Tribute to the Life and Legacy of Grace Kelly", celebrated her life and her contribution to the arts through her Foundation.

In 2008, Princess Stephanie opened the "Epoch of Grace Kelly, Princess of Monaco" at the Ekaterina Cultural Foundation in Moscow.

In October 2009, a plaque was placed on the "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style" in recognition of Princess Grace's contributions to style and fashion.^[33]

In November 2009, to commemorate what would have been her 80th birthday, TCM named her as star of the month which saw Prince Albert II pay a special tribute to his mother.^[34]

In 2010, an exhibition of Grace Kelly's clothes was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum.^[35] The exhibition was opened by Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock in April 2010. This exhibition will continue in Australia at the Bendigo Art Gallery between March 11 and July 17, 2012.^[36]

In November 2011, the exhibition "Grace Kelly: from movie star to princess" at the Toronto International Film Festival was opened by Prince Albert and Princess Charlene.

Titles and styles [link]

Titles held by the Princess of Monaco, in chronological order:

Miss Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 – April 18, 1956)
Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco (April 18, 1956 – September 14, 1982)

Princess Grace's official style and title was: Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco, Duchess of Valentinois, Marchioness of Baux, Countess of Carlades, Baroness of Saint-Lô, 101 times Dame.^{[citation needed]} Upon her marriage to Prince Rainier III, she received 138 titles in all.^[37]^[38]

Screen credits [link]

Filmography [link]

Year	Title	Role	Director	Co-stars
1951	Fourteen Hours	Louise Ann Fuller	Henry Hathaway	Paul Douglas, Richard Basehart, Barbara Bel Geddes
1952	High Noon	Amy Fowler Kane	Fred Zinnemann	Gary Cooper, Katy Jurado, Lloyd Bridges, Thomas Mitchell
1953	Mogambo	Linda Nordley	John Ford	Clark Gable, Ava Gardner
1954	Dial M for Murder	Margot Mary Wendice	Alfred Hitchcock	Ray Milland, Robert Cummings, John Williams
	Rear Window	Lisa Carol Fremont	Alfred Hitchcock	James Stewart, Wendell Corey, Thelma Ritter, Raymond Burr
	The Country Girl	Georgie Elgin	George Seaton	Bing Crosby, William Holden
	Green Fire	Catherine Knowland	Andrew Marton	Stewart Granger
	The Bridges at Toko-Ri	Nancy Brubaker	Mark Robson	William Holden, Fredric March, Mickey Rooney, Earl Holliman
1955	To Catch a Thief	Frances Stevens	Alfred Hitchcock	Cary Grant
1956	The Swan	Princess Alexandra	Charles Vidor	Alec Guinness, Louis Jourdan
1956	High Society	Tracy Samantha Lord	Charles Walters	Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Celeste Holm

Television appearances and filmography [link]

Year	TV series and network	Date of broadcast and episode title	Episode sequence	Cast, writer, director and explanatory notes
1948	Kraft Television Theatre (NBC)	November 3, 1948: "Old Lady Robbins"	season 2 episode 7	Ethel Owen, Grace Kelly
1950	The Philco Television Playhouse (NBC)	January 8, 1950: "Bethel Merriday"	season 2 episode 19	Grace Kelly as Bethel Merriday, Oliver Thorndike, Warren Stevens, Katherine Meskill, Mary Patton, Frank Stephens, Mary K. Wells —————adapted from novel by Sinclair Lewis directed by Delbert Mann
	Ripley's Believe It or Not (NBC)	January 11, 1950: "The Voice of Obsession"	season 2 episode 2	John Hudson, Hildy Parks, Grace Kelly
	Westinghouse Studio One (CBS)	January 23, 1950: "The Rockingham Tea Set"	season 2 episode 20	Starring Louise Allbritton as Celia Arden; Featuring Catherine Willard as Mrs. Arden, Judson Laire as Dr. Waller, Katherine Emmet as Mrs. Gregory; Introducing Grace Kelly as Sara Mappin, Richard McMurray as David Barr; Other players Cecil Scott and Nell Harrison —————by Virginia Douglas Dawson adapted by Worthington Miner and Matthew E. Harlib directed by Franklin Schaffner
	The Philco Television Playhouse (NBC)	February 12, 1950: "Ann Rutledge"	season 2 episode 24	Grace Kelly as Ann Rutledge, Stephen Courtleigh as Abraham Lincoln
	Actors Studio (CBS)	March 3, 1950: "The Apple Tree"	season 2 episode 22	John Merivale, Patricia Kirkland, Grace Kelly host: Marc Connelly
	Cads, Scoundrels and Ladies (NBC)	April 25, 1950: "The Lovesick Robber"	drama special	one-time hour-long live presentation replacing The Original Amateur Hour Grace Kelly appears in "The Lovesick Robber", one of the comedy-drama one-act plays
	The Play's the Thing (CBS)	May 26, 1950: "The Token"	season 1 episode 7	Mark Roberts, Grace Kelly host: Marc Connelly
	The Play's the Thing (CBS)	June 9, 1950: "The Swan"	season 1 episode 8	Grace Kelly as Princess Alexandra [the role she will play again in the 1956 film], George Keane as Nicholas Agi, Alfred Ryder as Prince Albert, Jane Hoffman as Princess Beatrix, Leopoldine Konstantin as Queen Maria Dominika, Dennis Hoey as Father Hyacinth —————adapted from play by Ferenc Molnár host: Marc Connelly; directed by David Pressman
	Comedy Theater (CBS)	July 9, 1950: "Summer Had Better Be Good"	season 1 episode 1	Grace Kelly —————by Ruth McKenney
	Lights Out (NBC)	July 17, 1950: "The Devil to Pay"	season 2 episode 45	Jonathan Harris, Grace Kelly, Theodore Marcuse directed by William Corrigan
	Big Town (CBS)	October 5, 1950: "The Pay-Off"	season 1 episode 1	Patrick McVey, Mary K. Wells, Grace Kelly directed by David Lowell Rich
	The Clock (NBC)	October 20, 1950: "Vengeance"	season 2 episode 4	Torin Thatcher, Grace Kelly —————adapted from novella by Balzac directed by Grey Lockwood
	The Web (CBS)	November 1, 1950: "Mirror of Delusion"	season 1 episode 18	Hugh Franklin, Anna Lee, Grace Kelly, Mary Stuart host: Jonathan Blake
	Somerset Maugham TV Theatre (CBS)	November 15, 1950	season 1 episode 5	Leo Penn, Grace Kelly —————adapted from story by W. Somerset Maugham host: W. Somerset Maugham
	Danger (CBS)	December 19, 1950: "The Sergeant and the Doll"	season 1 episode 13	Laura Weber, Grace Kelly, James Westerfield host: Richard Stark
	The Philco Television Playhouse (NBC)	December 31, 1950: "Leaf Out of a Book"	season 3 episode 17	Vicki Cummings, Lauren Gilbert, Grace Kelly, Claudia Morgan [restaged, again on NBC, with most of the same cast, on Goodyear Television Playhouse, broadcast July 6, 1952]
1951	The Prudential Family Playhouse (CBS)	February 13, 1951: "Berkeley Square"	season 1 episode 10	Richard Greene as Peter Standish, Grace Kelly as Helen Pettigrew, Rosalind Ivan as Lady Ann Pettigrew, Mary Scott as Kate Pettigrew —————adapted from play by John L. Balderston
	Nash Airflyte Theater (CBS)	February 22, 1951: "A Kiss for Mr. Lincoln"	season 1 episode 23	Richard Greene, Grace Kelly, Bruce Gordon, Sarah Cunningham, Sarah Floyd host: William Gaxton directed by David Pressman
	Fourteen Hours (TCF)	first screening: March 6, 1951	first feature film	Paul Douglas, Richard Basehart, Barbara Bel Geddes, Debra Paget, Agnes Moorehead, Robert Keith, Howard Da Silva, Jeffrey Hunter, Martin Gabel, Grace Kelly directed by Henry Hathaway
	Armstrong Circle Theatre (NBC)	June 5, 1951: "Lover's Leap"	season 1 episode 53	Leslie Nielsen, Grace Kelly, Don Murphy, Alan Abel, Larry Buchanan, Michael Keith, Charles Mendick
	Armstrong Circle Theatre (NBC)	November 27, 1951: "Brand from the Burning"	season 2 episode 11	Thomas Coley, Grace Kelly host: Nelson Case
	The Philco Television Playhouse (NBC)	December 30, 1951: "The Sisters"	season 4 episode 6	Leslie Nielsen, Grace Kelly, Dorothy Peterson, Natalie Schafer —————by Robert Alan Aurthur directed by Gordon Duff
1952	CBS Television Workshop (CBS)	January 13, 1952: "Don Quixote"	season 1 episode 4	Boris Karloff as Don Quixote, Jimmy Savo as Sancho Panza, Grace Kelly as Dulcinea —————adapted from the Cervantes classic directed by Sidney Lumet
	Hallmark Television Playhouse (NBC)	January 20, 1952: "The Big Build Up"	season 1 episode 4	Grace Kelly as Claire, Richard Derr, Vinton Hayworth, Parker McCormick, Harry Mehaffey, Elinor Randel —————adapted from novel by Michael Foster host: Sarah Churchill; directed by William Corrigan
	Danger (CBS)	February 5, 1952: "Prelude to Death"	season 2 episode 21	Grace Kelly, Carmen Mathews host: Richard Stark
	The Philco Television Playhouse (NBC)	February 10, 1952: "Rich Boy"	season 4 episode 9	Gene Lyons as Anson Hunter, Grace Kelly as Paula Legendre, Phyllis Kirk as Dolly Karger, Kathleen Comegys as Aunt Edna, Mary Jackson, Henry Hart, Robert McQueeney, Tom Pedi, Geoffrey Lumb, David White, Eric Sinclair —————adapted by Walter Bernstein from short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald; directed by Delbert Mann
	Lux Video Theatre (CBS)	February 18, 1952: "Life, Liberty and Orrin Dudley"	season 2 episode 26	Jackie Cooper as Orrin Dudley, Grace Kelly as Beth —————teleplay by John Whedon directed by Richard Goode
	Lights Out (NBC)	March 17, 1952: "The Borgia Lamp"	season 4 episode 30	Robert Sterling, Grace Kelly, Hugh Griffith
	Robert Montgomery Presents (NBC)	June 2, 1952: "Candles for Theresa"	season 3 episode 31	Robert Sterling, Grace Kelly host: Robert Montgomery
	Kraft Television Theatre (NBC)	June 11, 1952: "The Cricket on the Hearth"	season 5 episode 40	Russell Hardie as Edward Plummer, Grace Kelly as May Fielding —————adaptation of the Dickens classic
	Suspense (CBS)	Tuesday, July 1, 1952, 9:30–10pm: "Fifty Beautiful Girls"	season 4 episode 41	Joseph Anthony, Grace Kelly, Rusty Lane, Robert Keith, Jr.; host: Rex Marshall [since this episode and the one below were both broadcast live, research has not yet determined how Grace Kelly could have simultaneously performed in both productions]
	Armstrong Circle Theatre (NBC)	Tuesday, July 1, 1952, 9:30–10pm: "City Editor"	season 2 episode 41	Louise Allbritton, Shepperd Strudwick, Grace Kelly host: Joe Ripley [since this episode was apparently broadcast simultaneously with the one above, it is inexplicable how Grace Kelly could have appeared on both]
	Goodyear Television Playhouse (NBC)	July 6, 1952: "Leaf Out of a Book"	season 1 episode 20	Lauren Gilbert, Grace Kelly, Claudia Morgan [restaged production, again on NBC, with most of the same cast, of December 31, 1950 episode of Philco Television Playhouse]
	High Noon (Stanley Kramer Productions)	first screening: July 7, 1952	second feature film	Gary Cooper, Thomas Mitchell, Lloyd Bridges, Katy Jurado, Grace Kelly directed by Fred Zinnemann
	Kraft Television Theatre (NBC)	August 29, 1952: "The Small Hours"	season 5 episode 49	Lauren Gilbert as Henry Mitchell, Katherine Meskill as Laura Mitchell, Grace Kelly as Dorothy Mitchell —————adapted from play by George S. Kaufman and Leueen MacGrath
	Armstrong Circle Theatre (NBC)	September 2, 1952: "Recapture"	season 2 episode 48	Darren McGavin, Grace Kelly, Barbara Baxley host: Joe Ripley directed by Garry Simpson
	Westinghouse Studio One (CBS)	September 22, 1952: "The Kill"	season 5 episode 1	Starring Dick Foran as Jeff, Nina Foch as Carrie, Grace Kelly as Freda, Paul Langton as Marsh, Harry Townes as Dave, Don Hanmer as Al, Carl Frank as Link, George Mitchell as Abner, Joe Maross as Nebro, Alan Devitt as Cap Manny, Frank Marth as Bub, James Coots as Sheriff, Arthur Junaleska as Billy, Lynn Loring as Carol —————based on The Mountains Have No Shadow by Owen Cameron; written for television by Reginald Rose; directed by Franklin Schaffner
	Lux Video Theatre (CBS)	September 29, 1952: "A Message for Janice"	season 3 episode 6	Jackie Cooper, Grace Kelly as Janice, George Hall —————by S. H. Barnett from story by Walter C. Brown directed by Richard Goode
1953	Lux Video Theatre (CBS)	May 14, 1953: "The Betrayer"	season 3 episode 37	Robert Preston, Grace Kelly as Meg —————written by Charles L. Emmons directed by Fielder Cook
	The Philco Television Playhouse (NBC)	June 7, 1953: "The Way of the Eagle"	season 5 episode 24	Jean-Pierre Aumont, Grace Kelly
	Kraft Television Theatre (NBC)	June 17, 1953: "Boy of Mine"	season 6 episode 37	Henry Jones, Grace Kelly, Martin Newman
	Mogambo (MGM)	first screening: October 9, 1953	third feature film	Clark Gable, Ava Gardner, Grace Kelly directed by John Ford
	Toast of the Town (CBS)	October 18, 1953	season 7 episode 6	nine days after release of Mogambo, Grace Kelly performed on America's top-rated star-driven variety program; in other segments: David Wayne, Ralph Meeker, John Forsythe; host: Ed Sullivan
1954	Kraft Television Theatre (NBC)	January 6, 1954: "The Thankful Heart"	season 7 episode 19	Florenz Ames, John Stephen [nearly seven months after appearing in her previous live TV drama (on the same anthology series) and, on the brink of movie stardom, with full schedule of film starring roles, Grace Kelly here gives her final performance for the Golden Age of Television]
	26th Academy Awards (NBC)	March 25, 1954	second televised Academy Awards	host in Hollywood: Donald O'Connor host in New York: Fredric March Grace Kelly as presenter and also nominee for Best Supporting Actress in Mogambo
	The Country Girl (Paramount)	first screening: May 17, 1954	fourth feature film	Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, William Holden directed by George Seaton
	Dial M for Murder (Warner)	first screening: May 29, 1954	fifth feature film	Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings directed by Alfred Hitchcock
	Rear Window (Paramount)	first screening: August 1, 1954	sixth feature film	James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Wendell Corey directed by Alfred Hitchcock
	Miss America Pageant (ABC)	September 11, 1954	first Miss America Pageant televised	host for the pageant: Bob Russell commentator for ABC network: John Daly co-host for ABC network: Bess Myerson Grace Kelly as one of the judges
	The Bridges at Toko-Ri (Paramount)	Los Angeles preview: September 25, 1954	seventh feature film	William Holden, Grace Kelly, Fredric March directed by Mark Robson
	Green Fire (MGM)	first screening: December 24, 1954	eighth feature film	Stewart Granger, Grace Kelly, Paul Douglas directed by Andrew Marton
1955	Toast of the Town (CBS)	January 9, 1955:	season 8 episode 18	Grace Kelly's second performance on the top-rated variety program; in other segments: José Greco, Forrest Tucker, Guy Mitchell, James Michener, The Shipstad & Johnson Ice Follies with Werner Groebli, The U.S.O. Hollywood Troupe, The Kermond Brothers, Richard Dwyer, Marie Crimmins; host: Ed Sullivan
	27th Academy Awards (NBC)	March 30, 1955	third televised Academy Awards	host in Hollywood: Bob Hope host in New York: Thelma Ritter Grace Kelly as presenter and also nominee (and eventual winner) for Best Actress in The Country Girl
	To Catch a Thief (Paramount)	first screening: August 3, 1955	ninth feature film	Cary Grant, Grace Kelly, Jessie Royce Landis directed by Alfred Hitchcock
1956	28th Academy Awards (NBC)	March 21, 1956	fourth televised Academy Awards	host in Hollywood: Jerry Lewis co-hosts in Hollywood: Claudette Colbert and Joseph L. Mankiewicz Grace Kelly as presenter
	The Swan (MGM)	first screening: April 26, 1956	tenth feature film	Grace Kelly, Alec Guinness, Louis Jourdan directed by Charles Vidor
	The Wedding in Monaco (MGM)	first screening: May 17, 1956	short film	31-minute widescreen filmed record of the wedding of Grace Kelly to Prince Rainier directed by Jean Masson
	High Society (MGM)	first screening: July 17, 1956	eleventh feature film	Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, Frank Sinatra directed by Charles Walters
	The Perry Como Show (NBC)	September 15, 1956	season 7 episode 6	live musical variety program features a segment filmed in the Monaco Royal Palace with Princess Grace and Prince Rainier; in other segments: Irene Dunne, Sal Mineo; host: Perry Como
1958	The Ed Sullivan Show (CBS)	July 6, 1958	season 11 episode 41	third appearance of Grace Kelly, now Princess Grace, on the top-rated variety program, which was officially titled Toast of the Town until September 11, 1955; the live show presents a segment filmed in Monaco in which Princess Grace and Prince Rainier describe the two years of their marriage, mention 4-month-old Prince Albert and introduce 18-month-old Princess Caroline; in other segments: William Bendix, Carol Burnett, Esther Williams, Harold Lloyd and Duke Lloyd, Sally Blair, Professor Backwards, The Kirby Stone Four, Robert Q. Lewis, The Moridor Trio, Jumpin Joe Monahan, Wilbert Clark, Joe Cook, Jr., Jacqueline Dubeiffe, Elaine Herndon; host: Ed Sullivan

Discography [link]

"True Love" (from High Society, duet with Bing Crosby, 1956)
L'Oiseau du Nord et L'Oiseau du Soleil, in French and in English (1978)
Birds, Beasts & Flowers: A Programme of Poetry, Prose and Music (1980)

References [link]

^ Forshaw, Barry (May 28, 2009). "Grace Kelly and Hollywood by Donald Spoto". The Times (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/5514352/High-Society-Grace-Kelly-and-Hollywood-by-Donald-Spoto-review.html. Retrieved May 20, 2010. "Born in 1929 and raised by stiff-necked Catholic parents in Philadelphia... Philadelphia convent girl (always remaining Roman Catholic..."
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Jacobs, Laura (May, 2010). "Grace Kelly’s Forever Look". Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2010/05/grace-kelly-201005. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
^ [1]
^ ^a ^b ^c Leigh, Wendy (March 20, 2007). True Grace: The Life and Times of an American Princess. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0-312-34236-5.
^ Spoto, Donald (2009). High Society: The Life of Grace Kelly. Harmony. p. 22. ISBN 0-307-39561-8.
^ Leigh, Wendy (2007). True Grace: The Life and Times of an American Princess. New York: St. Martins Press. p. 26. ISBN 0-312-38194-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=kyEjXMrvBJ4C&pg=PA26&dq=grace+kelly+bennington+college&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LVE7T72zG6by0gGN-qG5Cw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=grace%20kelly%20bennington%20college&f=false. Retrieved 02–14–12.
^ "The Private Life and Times of Gene Tierney". Glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen.com. http://www.glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen.com/show/267/Gene+Tierney/index.html. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
^ Tierney and Herskowitz (1978) Wyden Books, Self- Portrait p.150-151
^ Barbanel, Josh (October 28, 2007). "New York Times article on Manhattan House". The New York Times (Upper East Side (NYC)). http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/realestate/28deal1.html?fta=y. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Hedda Hopper Collection. Maraget Herrick Library, Los Angeles.
^ Kaplan, James (2010). Frank: The Voice. Doubleday. p. 586. ISBN 0-385-51804-8.
^ Spoto, Donald (1983). The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-306-80932-X.
^ Eyles, Allen (September 1987). James Stewart. Stein & Day. ISBN 0-8128-8298-9.
^ William Brogdon (July 14, 1954). "Rear Window". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117794347.html?categoryid=31&cs=1. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
^ Nelson, Nancy (December 2002). Evenings With Cary Grant. Citadel. ISBN 0-8065-2412-X.
^ ^a ^b Grace Kelly (I) – Biography
^ "''Vanity Fair''". Vanity Fair. October 20, 2009. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/bestdressed/bestdressed_women?currentPage=3. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
^ Halliwell's Who's Who in the Movies (2006)
^ Robyns, Gwen (1976). Princess Grace. New York: David McKay. ISBN 0-440-20107-1.
^ "Larry King Live". CNN. September 3, 2003. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0309/03/lkl.00.html. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
^ "1982: Hollywood princess dead". BBC News. September 14, 1982. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/14/newsid_2516000/2516601.stm.
^ Rover P6 Club (September 13, 1982). "Princess Grace of Monaco, P6 fan | Rover P6 Club". Newsite.p6club.com. http://newsite.p6club.com/node/9. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ "BBC On This Day September 14th 1982". BBC News. September 14, 1985. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/14/newsid_2516000/2516601.stm. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
^ "Death of Princess Grace – history – central – British Council – LearnEnglish". British Council. http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-princess-grace.htm. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
^ "Monaco Cathedral". Service Informatique du Ministère d'Etat (Monaco Minister of State Information Service. July 28, 2008. http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/b1c5425907fc1876c125706d0042ab74gb?OpenDocument&2Gb. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ "History of the Hermes Kelly Bag". pursuitist.com. August 13, 2011. http://pursuitist.com/style/hermes-kelly-bag/. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
^ Princess Grace Foundation^{[dead link]}
^ "Grace Kelly". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085616/. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
^ "Monaco Official Site". Visitmonaco.com. June 14, 2011. http://www.visitmonaco.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageID=173. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
^ Healey, Barth (March 21, 1993). "U.S. and Monaco Honor Grace Kelly". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE4DA173DF932A15750C0A965958260.
^ "Philadelphia Museum of Art – Information : Press Room : Press Releases : 2006". Philamuseum.org. http://www.philamuseum.org/press/releases/2006/492.html. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
^ "Princess Grace, Cartier to get the royal treatment on Rodeo's Walk of Style | All The Rage | Los Angeles Times". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. August 5, 2009. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/08/princess-grace-cartier-rodeo-drive-walk-of-style-beverly-hills-grace-kelly-honored-with-star.html. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
^ "Now Playing: Grace Kelly: Star of the Month – (TCM Original) Prince Albert II of Monaco". tcm.com. http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/index/?o_cid=mediaroomlink&cid=274872. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
^ Nikkhah, Roya (November 22, 2009). "Grace Kelly's wardrobe to go on display at V&A museum in London". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturenews/6622755/Grace-Kellys-wardrobe-to-go-on-display-at-VandA-museum-in-London.html.
^ http://www.bendigoartgallery.com.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=278&h=0
^ "Grace Kelly Now Has 138 Titles". Star-News. Apr 19, 1956. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pmdgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CnINAAAAIBAJ&pg=554,3930075&dq=princess+grace+marchioness+of+baux&hl=en. Retrieved Jul 8, 2011.
^ "Grace Gets Titles, All 138 Of Them, In Today's Rites". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Apr 19, 1956. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EPtXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xfYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1574,2479290&dq=princess+grace+marchioness+of+baux&hl=en. Retrieved Jul 8, 2011.

External links [link]

	Biography portal
	Philadelphia portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Grace Kelly

Grace Kelly at the Internet Movie Database
Grace Kelly at the TCM Movie Database
Grace Kelly at the Internet Broadway Database
Ancestry Chart of Prince Albert
A list of ancestors of Grace Kelly

Monegasque royalty
Vacant Title last held by Ghislaine Dommanget	Princess consort of Monaco 1956–1982	Vacant Title next held by Charlene Wittstock

Awards for Grace Kelly

v t e Academy Award for Best Actress (1941–1960)

Joan Fontaine (1941) Greer Garson (1942) Jennifer Jones (1943) Ingrid Bergman (1944) Joan Crawford (1945) Olivia de Havilland (1946) Loretta Young (1947) Jane Wyman (1948) Olivia de Havilland (1949) Judy Holliday (1950) Vivien Leigh (1951) Shirley Booth (1952) Audrey Hepburn (1953) Grace Kelly (1954) Anna Magnani (1955) Ingrid Bergman (1956) Joanne Woodward (1957) Susan Hayward (1958) Simone Signoret (1959) Elizabeth Taylor (1960)

Complete list (1928–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture (1943–1960)

Katina Paxinou (1943) Agnes Moorehead (1944) Angela Lansbury (1945) Anne Baxter (1946) Celeste Holm (1947) Ellen Corby (1948) Mercedes McCambridge (1949) Josephine Hull (1950) Kim Hunter (1951) Katy Jurado (1952) Grace Kelly (1953) Jan Sterling (1954) Marisa Pavan (1955) Eileen Heckart (1956) Elsa Lanchester (1957) Hermione Gingold (1958) Susan Kohner (1959) Janet Leigh (1960)

Complete List (1943–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–present)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama (1943–1960)

Jennifer Jones (1943) Ingrid Bergman (1944) Ingrid Bergman (1945) Rosalind Russell (1946) Rosalind Russell (1947) Jane Wyman (1948) Olivia de Havilland (1949) Gloria Swanson (1950) Jane Wyman (1951) Shirley Booth (1952) Audrey Hepburn (1953) Grace Kelly (1954) Anna Magnani (1955) Ingrid Bergman (1956) Joanne Woodward (1957) Susan Hayward (1958) Elizabeth Taylor (1959) Greer Garson (1960)

Complete list (1943–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e National Board of Review Award for Best Actress

Joan Crawford (1945) Anna Magnani (1946) Celia Johnson (1947) Olivia de Havilland (1948)

Gloria Swanson (1950) Jan Sterling (1951) Shirley Booth (1952) Jean Simmons (1953) Grace Kelly (1954) Anna Magnani (1955) Dorothy McGuire (1956) Joanne Woodward (1957) Ingrid Bergman (1958) Simone Signoret (1959)

Greer Garson (1960) Geraldine Page (1961) Anne Bancroft (1962) Patricia Neal (1963) Kim Stanley (1964) Julie Christie (1965) Elizabeth Taylor (1966) Edith Evans (1967) Liv Ullmann (1968) Geraldine Page (1969)

Glenda Jackson (1970) Irene Papas (1971) Cicely Tyson (1972) Liv Ullmann (1973) Gena Rowlands (1974) Isabelle Adjani (1975) Liv Ullmann (1976) Anne Bancroft (1977) Ingrid Bergman (1978) Sally Field (1979)

Sissy Spacek (1980) Glenda Jackson (1981) Meryl Streep (1982) Shirley MacLaine (1983) Peggy Ashcroft (1984) Whoopi Goldberg (1985) Kathleen Turner (1986) Lillian Gish / Holly Hunter (1987) Jodie Foster (1988) Michelle Pfeiffer (1989)

Mia Farrow (1990) Geena Davis / Susan Sarandon (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Miranda Richardson (1994) Emma Thompson (1995) Frances McDormand (1996) Helena Bonham Carter (1997) Fernanda Montenegro (1998) Janet McTeer (1999)

Julia Roberts (2000) Halle Berry (2001) Julianne Moore (2002) Diane Keaton (2003) Annette Bening (2004) Felicity Huffman (2005) Helen Mirren (2006) Julie Christie (2007) Anne Hathaway (2008) Carey Mulligan (2009)

Lesley Manville (2010) Tilda Swinton (2011)

v t e AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars

Male Legends	Humphrey Bogart Cary Grant James Stewart Marlon Brando Fred Astaire Henry Fonda Clark Gable James Cagney Spencer Tracy Charlie Chaplin Gary Cooper Gregory Peck John Wayne Laurence Olivier Gene Kelly Orson Welles Kirk Douglas James Dean Burt Lancaster The Marx Brothers Buster Keaton Sidney Poitier Robert Mitchum Edward G. Robinson William Holden

Female Legends	Katharine Hepburn Bette Davis Audrey Hepburn Ingrid Bergman Greta Garbo Marilyn Monroe Elizabeth Taylor Judy Garland Marlene Dietrich Joan Crawford Barbara Stanwyck Claudette Colbert Grace Kelly Ginger Rogers Mae West Vivien Leigh Lillian Gish Shirley Temple Rita Hayworth Lauren Bacall Sophia Loren Jean Harlow Carole Lombard Mary Pickford Ava Gardner

AFI 100 Years...

Monegasque princely consorts

Charlene Wittstock (2011-present)

Grace Kelly (1956–1982)
Ghislaine Dommanget (1946–1949)
Alice Heine (1889-1922)
Antoinette de Mérode (1856-1864)
Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz (1841-1856)
Maria Caterina Brignole (1757-1770)
Jacques Goyon de Matignon (1731)
Marie of Lorraine (1701-1724)
Catherine Charlotte de Gramont (1662-1678)
Ippolita Trivulzio (1616-1638)

v t e Caroline, Princess of Hanover

Titles by birth	Princess of Monaco · Hereditary Princess of Monaco

Titles by marriage	Princess of Hanover · Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale · Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Family	Philippe Junot (first husband) · Stefano Casiraghi (second husband) · Andrea Casiraghi (elder son) · Charlotte Casiraghi (elder daughter) · Pierre Casiraghi (younger son) · Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (third husband) · Princess Alexandra of Hanover (younger daughter) · Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (father) · Grace Kelly (mother) · Albert II, Prince of Monaco (brother) · Princess Stéphanie of Monaco (sister)

Education	St Mary's School, Ascot · University of Paris

Charities	AMADE · Princess Grace Foundation · Prince Pierre Foundation · Peter Le Marchant Trust · Jeune J'écoute · UNICEF

Patronages	Les Ballets de Monte Carlo · Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra · Monte Carlo Opera · The Spring Arts Festival · The Monte Carlo Garden Club

Related articles	Line of succession to the Monegasque throne · List of heirs to the Monegasque throne · Hanoverian princesses by marriage

v t e Princess Stéphanie of Monaco

Titles	Princess of Monaco · Countess of Polignac

Family	Daniel Ducruet (first husband) · Louis Ducruet (elder son) · Pauline Ducruet (elder daughter) · Camille Marie Kelly Gottlieb (younger daughter) · Adans Lopez Peres (second husband) · Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (father) · Grace Kelly (mother) · Caroline, Princess of Hanover (sister) · Albert II, Prince of Monaco (brother)

Studio albums	Besoin (1986) · Stéphanie (1991)

Singles	"Ouragan" · "Irresistible" · "Flash" · "One Love to Give" · "Fleur du mal (à Paul)" · "Live Your Life" · "Winds of Chance"

Featured singles	"In the Closet" · "L'or de nos vies"

Charities	Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS · Fight AIDS Monaco

Related articles	Carrere Records · Julissa Records · WTG Records · Epic Records · Jean Raymond Gottlieb · Line of succession to the Monegasque throne

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http://pl.wn.com/Grace Grimaldi

http://fr.wn.com/Grace Kelly

http://de.wn.com/Grace Kelly

http://pt.wn.com/Grace Kelly

http://nl.wn.com/Grace Kelly (actrice)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Kelly

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Bette Midler
Midler backstage at the Grammy Awards, February 1990
Background information
Also known as	The Divine Miss M
Born	(1945-12-01) December 1, 1945 (age 66)
Origin	Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. Territory
Genres	Vocal, pop, adult contemporary, comedy
Occupations	Singer, actress, comedian, author, producer
Instruments	Vocals-mezzo soprano, ukulele
Years active	1965–present
Labels	Atlantic (1972–1997) Warner Bros. (1998–2001) Columbia (2002–present)
Associated acts	Barry Manilow
Website	bettemidler.com

Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, actress, and comedian, also known by her informal stage name, The Divine Miss M. She became famous as a cabaret and concert headliner, and went on to star in successful and acclaimed films such as The Rose, Ruthless People, Beaches, and For The Boys. During her more than forty-year career, Midler has been nominated for two Academy Awards, and won three Grammy Awards, four Golden Globes, three Emmy Awards, and a special Tony Award. She has sold over 30 million albums worldwide.^[1] Her voice type is categorized as deep mezzo soprano.^[2]

Early life and family [link]

Midler was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. Her parents moved from Paterson, New Jersey to Honolulu before she was born, and hers was one of the few Jewish families in a mostly Asian neighborhood.^[3] Her mother, Ruth (née Schindel), was a seamstress and housewife, and her father, Fred Midler, worked at a Navy base in Hawaii as a painter.^[4] She was named after actress Bette Davis, though Davis pronounced her first name in two syllables, and Midler uses one, /ˈbɛt/.^[5] She was raised in Aiea and attended Radford High School, in Honolulu.^[6] She was voted "Most Talkative" in the 1961 school Hoss Election, and in her Senior Year (Class of 1963), "Most Dramatic".^[7] Midler majored in drama at the University of Hawaii, but left after three semesters.^[8] She earned money in the 1966 film Hawaii as an extra,^[5] playing an uncredited seasick passenger named Miss David Buff.

Midler married Martin von Haselberg on December 16, 1984, about six weeks after their first meeting. Their daughter, Sophie Frederica Alohilani Von Haselberg, was born on November 14, 1986.^[9]

Career [link]

Theater work [link]

In the summer of 1965, Midler relocated to New York City, using the money from her work in the film Hawaii. She landed her first professional onstage role in Tom Eyen's Off-Off-Broadway plays in 1965, Miss Nefertiti Regrets and Cinderella Revisited, a children's play by day and an adult show by night.^[10] From 1966 to 1969, she played the role of Tzeitel in Fiddler on the Roof on Broadway.^[5] After Fiddler, she joined the original cast of Salvation in 1969.^[11]

In the summer of 1970, Midler began singing in the Continental Baths, a gay bathhouse in the city.^[5] During this time, she became close to her piano accompanist, Barry Manilow, who produced her first album in 1972, The Divine Miss M.^[10] It was during her time at the Continental Baths that she built up a core following. In the late 1990s, during the release of her album Bathhouse Betty, Midler commented on her time performing there, "Despite the way things turned out [with the AIDS crisis], I'm still proud of those days. I feel like I was at the forefront of the gay liberation movement, and I hope I did my part to help it move forward. So, I kind of wear the label of 'Bathhouse Betty' with pride".^[12]

In 1971, Midler starred in the first professional production of The Who's rock opera Tommy, with director Richard Pearlman and the Seattle Opera.^[13] It was during the run of Tommy that Midler first appeared on The Tonight Show.

[edit] 1972–1980: The Divine Miss M and success

Midler released her debut album, The Divine Miss M, on Atlantic Records, in December 1972. It reached Billboard's Top 10 and became a million-selling Platinum-certified album,^[14] earning Midler the 1973 Grammy Award for Best New Artist.^[15] It featured three hit singles, with "Do You Want To Dance?", "Friends", and "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy", which became Midler's first No. 1 Adult Contemporary hit. "Bugle Boy" became a very successful rock cover of the classic swing tune originally introduced and popularized in 1941 by the famous Andrews Sisters, of whom Midler has repeatedly referenced as her idols and inspiration, as far back as her first appearances on The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson. Midler told Carson in an interview that she always wanted to move like the sisters, and Patty Andrews once remembered, "When I first heard the introduction on the radio, I thought it was our old record. When Bette opened at the Amphitheater in Los Angeles, Maxene and I went backstage to see her. Her first words were, 'What else did you record?'"^[16] During another one of Midler's concerts, Maxene went on stage and presented her with an honorary bugle. Bette recorded other Andrews Sisters hits, including "In the Mood" and "Lullaby of Broadway."^[16]

Her self-titled follow-up album was released at the end of 1973. It reached Billboard's Top 10 and eventually sold close to a million copies in the United States alone.^[17] Midler returned to recording with the 1976 and 1977 albums, Songs for the New Depression and Broken Blossom.

Midler at the premiere of The Rose, 1979

In 1974, she received a Special Tony Award for her contribution to Broadway,^[18] with Clams on the Half Shell Revue playing at the Minskoff Theater. From 1975–1978, she also provided the voice of Woody the Spoon on the PBS educational series Vegetable Soup. In 1977, Midler's first television special, Ol' Red Hair is Back, premiered, featuring guest stars Dustin Hoffman and Emmett Kelly. It went on to win the Emmy Award^[19] for Outstanding Special — Comedy-Variety or Music.^[20]

In 1979, Midler made her first motion picture, starring in the 1960s-era rock and roll tragedy The Rose, as a drug-addicted rock star modeled after Janis Joplin.^[5] That year, she also released her fifth studio album, Thighs and Whispers. Midler's first foray into disco was a commercial and critical failure and went on to be her all-time lowest charting album, peaking at No. 65 on the Billboard album chart.^[21] Soon afterward, she began a world concert tour, with one of her shows in Pasadena being filmed and released as the concert film Divine Madness (1980).

In 1979, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Rose, a role for which she won the Golden Globe for Best Actress (Comedy or Musical).^[5] The film's acclaimed soundtrack album sold over two million copies in the United States alone, earning a Double Platinum certification.^[14] The single version of the song held the No. 1 position on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart for five consecutive weeks and reached No. 3 on Billboard's Hot 100. It earned Midler her first Gold single^[14] and won the Grammy award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female.^[15]

[edit] 1981–89: Wind Beneath My Wings and Beaches

In 1981, Midler worked on the troubled comedy project Jinxed!. However, during production, there was friction with co-star Ken Wahl and the film's director, Don Siegel.^{[citation needed]} Released in 1982, the film was a major flop.^{[citation needed]} Midler did not appear in any other films until 1986. During those four years, she concentrated on her music career and in 1983, released the album No Frills, produced by Chuck Plotkin, who was best known for his work with Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen. The album included three single releases: the ballad "All I Need To Know", a cover of Detroit native Marshall Crenshaw's "You're My Favorite Waste of Time" – which Midler fell in love with after flipping his 45 of "Someday Someway"^{[citation needed]} – and Midler's take on the Rolling Stones cover "Beast of Burden". The rock and New Wave album became Midler's third lowest charting album in the U.S.

Midler performed on USA for Africa's 1985 fund-raising single "We Are the World", and participated at the Live Aid event at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia.^[22] Also in 1985, she signed a multi-picture deal with Touchstone Pictures. She was subsequently cast by director Paul Mazursky in Down and Out in Beverly Hills, beginning a successful comedic acting career.^[5] She followed that role with Ruthless People (1986), Outrageous Fortune (1987), and Big Business (1988).^[5] Later in 1988, Midler lent her voice to the animated character Georgette, a snobbish poodle, in Disney's Oliver & Company, and had a hit with the tearjerker Beaches, co-starring Barbara Hershey.^[5] The accompanying soundtrack remains Midler's all-time biggest selling disc, reaching No. 2 on Billboard's album chart and with U.S. sales of four million copies. It featured her biggest hit, "Wind Beneath My Wings", which went to No. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100, achieved Platinum status,^[14] and won Midler her third Grammy Award – for Record of the Year – at the 1990 telecast.^[15]

1990–2000: Chart comeback [link]

Midler in Los Angeles, 1990

In 1990, Midler's single "From A Distance" topped the charts and achieved platinum status. The next year, Midler co-starred with Woody Allen in Scenes from a Mall, again for Mazursky. She earned another Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for 1991's For the Boys, directed by Mark Rydell, who also directed The Rose. For the latter, she was awarded another Golden Globe for Best Actress (Comedy or Musical).^[20] She turned down the lead role in 1992's Sister Act, which instead went to Whoopi Goldberg.^[23] In 1993, she starred with Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy in the movie, Hocus Pocus, as Winifred "Winnie" Sanderson, the head witch of the Sanderson Sisters.^[5]^[24]

Midler's other films include Stella (1990), The First Wives Club (1996), and The Stepford Wives (2004).^[5] Her television work includes an Emmy-nominated version of the stage musical Gypsy and a guest appearance as herself in Fran Drescher's The Nanny. In 1997, Midler, along with her co-stars from The First Wives Club, Goldie Hawn, and Diane Keaton, was a recipient of the Women in Film Crystal Award, which honors "outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry".^[25]

Midler won an Emmy Award in 1992 for her performance on the next-to-last episode of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in May 1992, during which she sang an emotion-laden "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)" to Johnny Carson. That night, Midler began singing "Here's That Rainy Day", Carson's favorite song; Carson joined in a few lyrics later.^[26] She appeared on Seinfeld in the episode "The Understudy", which was the season finale of that show's sixth season in 1995.

Her 1997 HBO special Diva Las Vegas earned her a third Emmy Award, for Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Music Program.^[20]

In 1995 and 1999, she reached the top of the US Dance Charts with remixes of her hits "To Deserve You"^[27] on Atlantic and "I'm Beautiful"^[28] on Warner Brothers Records. "To Deserve You" reached No. 2 and "I'm Beautiful" reached No. 1.

2000–01 [link]

Midler has guest-starred in various sitcoms over the years, including The Simpsons in the episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled" (she is first seen traversing a highway picking up trash when she is approached by Bart and Lisa with a request for Midler to appear on a show to revive Krusty's dying career). In 2000, Midler starred in her own sitcom, Bette. Airing on CBS, initial ratings were high but soon declined and the show did not last a full season, being cancelled in early 2001. During the show's short lifespan, Bette's daughter (played by Lindsay Lohan in the pilot, then by Marina Malota starting with the third episode) and her husband were recast (Robert Hays succeeded Kevin Dunn in the final episode aired). The show was also reportedly rocked by backstage turmoil. Also in 2001, Bette or Bust, a book chronicling Midler's "Divine Miss Millennium Tour", was released.

Music [link]

Midler has won three Grammy Awards.,^[29] Best New Artist, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "The Rose" and Record of the Year for "Wind Beneath My Wings". Two of her recordings, "Wind Beneath My Wings" and "From a Distance" won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. "From a Distance" became her longest running No. 1 – six consecutive weeks – on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. When the American Film Institute announced "The 100 Years of the Greatest Songs" on June 22, 2004, two of Midler's recordings were selected by the board: "Wind Beneath My Wings" (No. 44) and "The Rose" (No. 83). However, after years of erratic record sales, Midler was dropped from the Warner Brothers label in 2001, after nearly three decades with Warner Music Group.

After a reported long-standing feud with Barry Manilow, the two joined forces after many years in 2003 to record Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook. Of the project, Manilow said he'd had a dream that he was recording with Midler again, so he called her up with the idea and she agreed that it was due time to work together again. Manilow duetted with Midler on the song "(I'd Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China", after a little dialogue between the two artists at the start of the track. Now signed to Columbia Records, the album was an instant success, being certified gold in only a few weeks. One of the Clooney Songbook selections, "This Ole House", became Midler's first Christian radio single shipped by Rick Hendrix and his positive music movement. The album was nominated for a Grammy the following year.^[30]

In 2003–04, Midler toured the U.S. in her new show, Kiss My Brass, to sell-out audiences. In early 2005, an Australian tour, Kiss My Brass Down Under, was equally successful. Midler joined forces again with Manilow for another tribute album, Bette Midler Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook. Released in October 2005, the album sold 55,000 copies the first week of release, returned Midler to the Top 10,^[31] and was nominated for a Grammy Award.^[32]

Grammy Awards [link]

Year	Award	Performance	Result
1974	Best New Artist	—	Won
	Album of the Year	The Divine Miss M	Nominated
	Best Female Pop Vocal Performance	"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy"	Nominated
1981	Best Female Pop Vocal Performance	"The Rose"	Won
1981	Record of the Year	"The Rose"	Nominated
1990	Record of the Year	"Wind Beneath My Wings"	Won
1990	Best Female Pop Vocal Performance	"Wind Beneath My Wings"	Nominated
1991	Best Female Pop Vocal Performance	"From a Distance"	Nominated
1991	Record of the Year	"From a Distance"	Nominated
2004	Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album	Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook	Nominated
2007	Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album	Bette Midler Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook	Nominated
2008	Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album	Cool Yule	Nominated

The year given is the year of the ceremony.
In 1981 the album In Harmony: A Sesame Street Record won the Grammy for Best Recording for Children, Midler was one of the various artists featured. This Grammy was awarded to the producers, David Levine and Lucy Simon.
"Wind Beneath My Wings" also won the Grammy for Song of the Year. This Grammy was awarded to the songwriters, Larry Henley and Jeff Silbar.
In 1990 Midler's version of "From a Distance" won the Grammy for Song of the Year. This Grammy was awarded to the songwriter, Julie Gold.

Ongoing work [link]

In 2006, Midler released a new Christmas album, Cool Yule, featuring the title song (written by Steve Allen) and a duet of "Winter Wonderland"/"Let It Snow" with Johnny Mathis. Midler starred in the 2007 film Then She Found Me, directed by Helen Hunt and starring Hunt, Matthew Broderick, and Colin Firth, and appeared on the American Idol season 6 finale, singing "Wind Beneath My Wings" live at the Kodak Theatre.

On December 6, 2007, Midler's album Cool Yule received a Grammy nomination for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album.^[33]

Midler had a Vegas show entitled Bette Midler: The Showgirl Must Go On at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace. The show comprised The Staggering Harlettes, 20 female dancers called The Caesar Salad Girls and a 13-piece band. The show debuted on February 20, 2008, and played its final performance on January 31, 2010, after a two-year run.^[34] The show was nominated for an Emmy for outstanding variety,music or comedy special in 2011.^[35]

A new "best of" album, Jackpot: The Best Bette, was released in 2008 and reached No. 66 on the U.S. charts, and No. 6 in the UK, where it was certified Platinum for sales of over 300,000 copies.^[36]

In June 2009, Midler appeared on the Bravo TV show My Life on the D-List with Kathy Griffin. In December 2009, Midler appeared in the Royal Variety Performance, an annual British charity event attended by Queen Elizabeth II. She performed "In My Life" and "Wind Beneath My Wings" as the closing act.^[37]

In 2010, Midler voiced the character Kitty Galore in the animated film Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore. The film was a modest success, grossing $112 million worldwide.^[38] In November 2010, Midler released Memories of You, another compilation of lesser known tracks from her catalog. She promoted the album to her UK fans on Daybreak and The Graham Norton Show, on the latter of which she also performed "Dreamland" from For the Boys.^{[citation needed]}

Midler is one of the producers of the Broadway production of the musical Priscilla Queen of the Desert which opened in February 2011.^[39]

Midler will be co-starring alongside Billy Crystal in the movie Parental Guidance due to be released in 2012. Midler also auctioned her outfits and achievements from her 40-year career in November 2011 in order to raise money for the New York Restoration Project.

Midler has an estimated net worth of $175 million.^[40]

In June 2012, she is slated to receive the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award at the Songwriters Hall of Fame in New York in recognition of her having "captivated the world" with her "stylish presentation and unmistakable voice".^[41]

Charity work [link]

In 1995, Midler founded the New York Restoration Project (NYRP), a non-profit organization with the goal of revitalizing neglected neighborhood parks in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods of New York City.^[5] These include Highbridge Park, Fort Washington Park, and Fort Tryon Park in upper Manhattan and Roberto Clemente State Park and Bridge Park in the Bronx.^[42]

In 1999, the city planned to auction 114 community gardens for commercial development. Midler led a coalition of greening organizations to save them. NYRP took ownership of 60 of the most neglected plots. Today, Midler and her organization work with local volunteers and community groups to ensure that these gardens are kept safe, clean and vibrant. In 2003, Midler opened Swindler Cove Park, a new 5-acre (20,000 m²) public park on the Harlem River shore featuring specially designed educational facilities and the Peter Jay Sharp Boathouse, the first community rowing facility to be built on the Harlem River in more than 100 years. The organization offers free in-school and after-school environmental education programming to students from high-poverty Title I schools.^[42]

Discography [link]

Main article: Bette Midler discography

1972: The Divine Miss M
1973: Bette Midler
1976: Songs for the New Depression
1977: Live at Last
1977: Broken Blossom
1979: Thighs and Whispers
1983: No Frills
1990: Some People's Lives
1995: Bette of Roses
1998: Bathhouse Betty
2000: Bette
2003: Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook
2005: Bette Midler Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook
2006: Cool Yule

1980: Divine Madness – Pasadena
1982–1983: De Tour
1993: Experience the Divine
1994: Experience The Divine Again!
1997: Diva Las Vegas
1999: Bathhouse Betty Club Tour
1999–2000: The Divine Miss Millennium Tour
2003–2004: Kiss My Brass
2005: Kiss My Brass Down Under
2008–2010: The Showgirl Must Go On

Filmography [link]

Film [link]

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1966	Hawaii	Passenger	uncredited
1969	Goodbye, Columbus	Wedding Guest	uncredited, cut scene
1972	Scarecrow in a Garden of Cucumbers	unknown	voice
1974	Thorn, TheThe Thorn	Virgin Mary	Also known as The Divine Mr. J; blocked distribution of film
1979	Rose, TheThe Rose	Mary Rose Foster	Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Golden Globe Award New Star Of The Year - Actress Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
1980	Divine Madness!	Herself/ Divine Miss M.	concert film Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1982	Jinxed!	Bonita Friml
1986	Down and Out in Beverly Hills	Barbara Whiteman	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1986	Ruthless People	Barbara Stone	American Comedy Award for Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture
1987	Outrageous Fortune	Sandy Brozinsky	American Comedy Award for Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1988	Beaches	C. C. Bloom
1988	Oliver & Company	Georgette	voice
1988	Big Business	Sadie Shelton/Sadie Ratliff	American Comedy Award for Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture
1989	Lottery, TheThe Lottery		Short film
1990	Stella	Stella Claire
1991	For the Boys	Dixie Leonard	Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress
1991	Scenes from a Mall	Deborah Fifer
1992	Hijinx	... The Ringmaster
1993	Gypsy	Mama Rose	Television film Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV Nominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie
1993	Hocus Pocus	Winifred 'Winnie' Sanderson	Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Actress
1995	Get Shorty	Doris Saphron	uncredited American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture
1996	First Wives Club, TheThe First Wives Club	Brenda Cushman	National Board of Review Award for Best Cast Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1997	That Old Feeling	Lilly Leonard
1999	Get Bruce	Herself
1999	Fantasia 2000	Herself / Hostess	(segment "Piano Concerto No. 2, Allegro, Opus 102")
2000	What Women Want	Dr. J.M. Perkins	uncredited
2000	Isn't She Great	Jacqueline Susann
2000	Drowning Mona	Mona Dearly
2004	Stepford Wives, TheThe Stepford Wives	Bobbie Markowitz
2007	Then She Found Me	Bernice Graves
2008	Women, TheThe Women	Leah Miller
2010	Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore	Kitty Galore
2012	Parental Guidance	Diane Decker	To be released December 25, 2012

Television [link]

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1976	Vegetable Soup	Woody the Spoon	Voice role
1976	The Bette Midler Show	Herself	Television special
1977	Ol' Red Hair is Back	Herself	Television special Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Special Nominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program
1984	Art Or Bust	Herself/ Divine Miss M.	Television special
1984	Video Music Awards	Herself/ co-host	Awards Show
1989	Lottery, TheThe Lottery	Music teacher	Created to demonstrate special effects; shot entirely and shown only at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida
1990	Earth Day Special	Mother Nature
1993	Simpsons, TheThe Simpsons	Herself	"Krusty Gets Kancelled"
1995	Seinfeld	Herself	"The Understudy"
1997	Diva Las Vegas	Herself/ Divine Miss M.	Television special Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program Nominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Special
1997	Nanny, TheThe Nanny	Herself	"You Bette Your Life"
1998	Murphy Brown	Herself	"Never Can Say Goodbye"
1999	Jackie's Back	Herself
2000–01	Bette	Bette	18 episodes TV Guide Award - Actress of the Year in a New Series Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
2008	Strictly Come Dancing	Herself	Performed Wind Beneath My Wings
2009	Loose Women	Herself	Guest Host
2009	Dancing on Ice	Herself	Performed
2009	Strictly Come Dancing	Herself	Performed The Rose
2009	One Show, TheThe One Show	Herself	Guest
2009	Royal Variety Performance, TheThe Royal Variety Performance	Herself	Performed
2009	Marriage Ref, TheThe Marriage Ref	Herself	Guest
2009	Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List	Herself	Guest / toured Las Vegas nightlife w/Kathy
2010	Showgirl Must Go On, TheThe Showgirl Must Go On	Herself	HBO TV Special (December 31)
2010	Paul O'Grady's Christmas	Herself	Guest

References [link]

^ Sinead Garvan (26 November 2010). "Bette Midler: I wouldn't make it now". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11842187. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ [1] at las vegas sun
^ "The Religious Affiliation of Singer, Actress, Comedian Bette Midler". Adherents.com. 8 October 2005. http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Bette_Midler.html. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "Bette Midler, Biography (1945-)". FilmReference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/58/Bette-Midler.html. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2004
^ The Class of 1963! We're Radgrads!^{[dead link]}
^ High School Hoss Elections^{[dead link]}
^ "Bette Midler: 62 and Heading for Vegas!". The Oprah Winfrey Show. 28 January 2008. Harpo Productions, Inc.
^ "Bette Midler". Jewish Women's Archive. http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/midler-bette. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ ^a ^b Richard Corliss (17 March 2004). "That Old Feeling: Best Bette Yet". Time (Time.com). http://www.time.com/time/columnist/corliss/article/0,9565,601990,00.html. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "Bette Midler". BroadwayWorld.com. http://broadwayworld.com/people/Bette_Midler/. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ "Bette Midler". Houston Voice (DelveIntoTheDevine.com). 23 October 1998. http://delveintothedivine.com/bio/bettebathhouse.html. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ Melinda Bargreen (22 July 2005). "Glynn Ross, 90, turned Seattle into opera destination". The Seattle Times (Seattletimes.com). http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2002394625_ross22.html. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Gold & Platinum Searchable database-Bette Midler". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Past Winners Search-Midler". Grammy.com. http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=midler&title=&year=All&genre=All. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ ^a ^b Sforza, John: "Swing It! The Andrews Sisters Story;" Univeristy Press of Kentucky, 2000; 289 pages.
^ Joel Whitburn (1 May 2002). Top Adult Contemporary 1961-2001. Menomonee Falls, WI: Record Research, Inc. 3rd edition. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-89820-149-9.
^ "Search Past Winners-1974". TonyAwards.com. http://www.tonyawards.com/p/tonys_search?start=15&year=1974&award=All&lname=&fname=&show=. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
^ Bette Midler Emmy Winner
^ ^a ^b ^c "Awards for Bette Midler". imdb. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000541/awards. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "Thighs and Wispers". betteontheboards.com. http://www.betteontheboards.com/boards/album-09.htm. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "'We Are The World' Tune Brings Out The Best of America's 46 Stars". Jet (Google Books): p. 16. February 18, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=CbMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16&dq=jackson+%22we+are+the+world%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=E4EmSvWKIZj2MPnR0ZUL#v=onepage&q=jackson%20%22we%20are%20the%20world%22&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ Lynn Hirschburg (October 8, 2000). "Meta-Midler". New York Times: p. 14. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/08/magazine/meta-midler.html?scp=4&sq=johnny%20carson%20midler&st=nyt&pagewanted=1. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "Hocus Pocus (1993)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107120/. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "Past Recipients". wif.org. http://wif.org/past-recipients. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
^ Bill Saporito (31 March 2003). "Great Performances to Savor". Time (Time.com). http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1004565-1,00.html. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "To Deserve You – Bette Midler". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/song/bette-midler/to-deserve-you/426769. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "I'm Beautiful – Bette Midler". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/song/bette-midler/i-m-beautiful/1373627. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ "search results" Grammy.com
^ "Complete list of 46th annual Grammy winners and nominees". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-grammys-nominees,0,3626237.story. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ "Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook-Bette Midler". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/#/album/bette-midler/sings-the-peggy-lee-songbook/736948. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ "49th Annual Grammy Awards Winners List". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070305201811/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/49th_Show/list.aspx. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ "Bette Midler's Array of Awards". Bootleg Betty. http://www.bootlegbetty.com/awardsandnominations.htm. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ John Katsilometes (5 November 2009). "Bette Midler’s residency at Caesars Palace to end Jan. 31". Las Vegas Sun (lasvegassun.com). http://www.lasvegassun.com/blogs/kats-report/2009/nov/05/midlers-residency-caesars-palace-end-jan-31/. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ [2] at Emmys official site
^ "Bette Midler - Jackpot: The Best Bette". charts.us. http://acharts.us/album/38034. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ Robin Duke (December 8, 2009). "The Royal Variety Performance". The Stage. http://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/review.php/26531/the-royal-variety-performance. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
^ [3] at box office mojo
^ Andrew Gans (28 February 2011). "Priscilla Queen of the Desert Kicks Up Its Heels on Broadway Starting Feb. 28". Playbill (Playbill.com). http://www.playbill.com/events/event_detail/21056-Priscilla-Queen-of-the-Desert-at-Palace-Theatre. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
^ Midler net worth. CelebrityNetWorth.com
^ "Bette Midler to receive Songwriter Hall Of Fame award". BBC. March 8, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "About NYRP". New York Restoration Project. http://www.nyrp.org/About/our_mission_and_strategic_plan_. Retrieved 2011-07-25.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bette Midler

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bette Midler

Official Website
Bette Midler: Bootleg Betty
Bette Midler: Fan-Forum
Bette on the Boards
Bette Midler at the Internet Movie Database
Bette Midler at the Internet Broadway Database
Bette Midler at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
Bette Midler at TVGuide.com
Bette Midler bio, photos, stories and blogs in the Las Vegas Sun
Bette Midler on Muppet Wiki
Bette Midler at Emmys.com

Preceded by none	MTV Video Music Awards host 1984 (co-host with Dan Aykroyd)	Succeeded by Eddie Murphy

v t e Bette Midler

Studio albums	The Divine Miss M Bette Midler Songs for the New Depression Broken Blossom Thighs and Whispers No Frills Some People's Lives Bette of Roses Bathhouse Betty Bette Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook Bette Midler Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook Cool Yule

Soundtracks	The Rose Beaches For The Boys Gypsy

Live albums	Live at Last Divine Madness Mud Will Be Flung Tonight

Compilations	The Best of Bette (1978) The Best of Bette (1981) Just Hits Experience the Divine Jackpot: The Best Bette Memories of You

Tours	Kiss My Brass The Showgirl Must Go On

Films	Hawaii (1966) The Rose (1979) Divine Madness! (1980) Jinxed! (1982) Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986) Ruthless People (1986) Outrageous Fortune (1987) Big Business (1988) Oliver & Company (1988) Beaches (1988) Stella (1990) Scenes from a Mall (1991) For the Boys (1991) Hocus Pocus (1993) Get Shorty (1995) The First Wives Club (1996) That Old Feeling (1997) Drowning Mona (2000) Isn't She Great (2000) What Women Want (2000) The Stepford Wives (2004) Then She Found Me (2007) The Women (2008)

Television	The Bette Midler Show Art or Bust "Krusty Gets Kancelled" Gypsy Diva Las Vegas Bette

Awards for Bette Midler

v t e Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program (1976–2000)

Harvey Korman / Brenda Vaccaro (1974) Jack Albertson / Cloris Leachman (1975) Chevy Chase / Vicki Lawrence (1976) Tim Conway / Rita Moreno (1977) Tim Conway / Gilda Radner (1978) Cloris Leachman (1984) George Hearn (1985) Whitney Houston (1986) Robin Williams (1987) Robin Williams (1988) Linda Ronstadt (1989) Tracey Ullman (1990) Billy Crystal (1991) Billy Crystal (1992) Dana Carvey (1993) Tracey Ullman (1994) Barbra Streisand (1995) Tony Bennett (1996) Bette Midler (1997) Billy Crystal (1998) John Leguizamo (1999) Eddie Izzard (2000)

Complete list (1976–2000) (2001–2025)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (1961–1980)

Rosalind Russell (1961) Rosalind Russell (1962) Shirley MacLaine (1963) Julie Andrews (1964) Julie Andrews (1965) Lynn Redgrave (1966) Anne Bancroft (1967) Barbra Streisand (1968) Patty Duke (1969) Carrie Snodgress (1970) Twiggy (1971) Liza Minnelli (1972) Glenda Jackson (1973) Raquel Welch (1974) Ann-Margret (1975) Barbra Streisand (1976) Diane Keaton/Marsha Mason (1977) Ellen Burstyn/Maggie Smith (1978) Bette Midler (1979) Sissy Spacek (1980)

Complete list (1950–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (1981–2000)

Bernadette Peters (1981) Julie Andrews (1982) Julie Walters (1983) Kathleen Turner (1984) Kathleen Turner (1985) Sissy Spacek (1986) Cher (1987) Melanie Griffith (1988) Jessica Tandy (1989) Julia Roberts (1990) Bette Midler (1991) Miranda Richardson (1992) Angela Bassett (1993) Jamie Lee Curtis (1994) Nicole Kidman (1995) Madonna (1996) Helen Hunt (1997) Gwyneth Paltrow (1998) Janet McTeer (1999) Renée Zellweger (2000)

Complete list (1950–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film (1981–1999)

Jane Seymour (1981) Ingrid Bergman (1982) Ann-Margret (1983) Ann-Margret (1984) Liza Minnelli (1985) Loretta Young (1986) Gena Rowlands (1987) Ann Jillian (1988) Christine Lahti (1989) Barbara Hershey (1990) Judy Davis (1991) Laura Dern (1992) Bette Midler (1993) Joanne Woodward (1994) Jessica Lange (1995) Helen Mirren (1996) Alfre Woodard (1997) Angelina Jolie (1998) Halle Berry (1999)

Complete List (1981–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Grammy Award for Best New Artist

1950s	Bobby Darin (1959)

1960s	No award given (1960) Bob Newhart (1961) Peter Nero (1962) Robert Goulet (1963) The Swingle Singers (1964) The Beatles (1965) Tom Jones (1966) No award given (1967) Bobbie Gentry (1968) José Feliciano (1969)

1970s	Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (1970) The Carpenters (1971) Carly Simon (1972) America (1973) Bette Midler (1974) Marvin Hamlisch (1975) Natalie Cole (1976) Starland Vocal Band (1977) Debby Boone (1978) A Taste of Honey (1979)

1980s	Rickie Lee Jones (1980) Christopher Cross (1981) Sheena Easton (1982) Men at Work (1983) Culture Club (1984) Cyndi Lauper (1985) Sade (1986) Bruce Hornsby and the Range (1987) Jody Watley (1988) Tracy Chapman (1989)

1990s	Milli Vanilli (1990) Mariah Carey (1991) Marc Cohn (1992) Arrested Development (1993) Toni Braxton (1994) Sheryl Crow (1995) Hootie & the Blowfish (1996) LeAnn Rimes (1997) Paula Cole (1998) Lauryn Hill (1999)

2000s	Christina Aguilera (2000) Shelby Lynne (2001) Alicia Keys (2002) Norah Jones (2003) Evanescence (2004) Maroon 5 (2005) John Legend (2006) Carrie Underwood (2007) Amy Winehouse (2008) Adele (2009)

2010s	Zac Brown Band (2010) Esperanza Spalding (2011) Bon Iver (2012)

Grammy Award Record of the Year Song of the Year Album of the Year Best New Artist National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

Grammy Award for Record of the Year (1990s)

"Wind Beneath My Wings"* by Bette Midler produced by Arif Mardin (1990)	"Another Day in Paradise" by Phil Collins produced by Hugh Padgham & Phil Collins (1991)
"Unforgettable"* by Natalie Cole with Nat King Cole produced by David Foster (1992)	"Tears in Heaven"* by Eric Clapton produced by Russ Titelman (1993)
"I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston produced by David Foster (1994)	"All I Wanna Do" by Sheryl Crow produced by Bill Bottrell (1995)
"Kiss from a Rose"* by Seal produced by Trevor Horn (1996)	"Change the World"* by Eric Clapton produced by Babyface (1997)
"Sunny Came Home"* by Shawn Colvin produced by John Leventhal (1998)	"My Heart Will Go On"* by Celine Dion engineered/mixed by David Gleeson, Humberto Gatica & Simon Franglen; produced by James Horner, Simon Franglen & Walter Afanasieff (1999)

http://wn.com/Bette_Midler

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http://ru.wn.com/Мидлер, Бетт

http://nl.wn.com/Bette Midler

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bette_Midler

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the actor. For the Australian rules footballer, see Barry Fitzgerald (Australian rules footballer).

Barry Fitzgerald
File:Barry Fitzgerald.jpg
Born	William Joseph Shields 10 March 1888 Dublin, Ireland
Died	14 January 1961(1961-01-14) (aged 72) Dublin, Ireland
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1924–61

Barry Fitzgerald (10 March 1888 – 14 January 1961) was an Irish stage, film, and television actor.^[1]

1 Life
2 Filmography
3 See also
4 References and sources
5 External links

Life [link]

He was born William Joseph Shields in Walworth Road, Portobello, Dublin, Ireland.^[2] He is the older brother of Irish actor Arthur Shields. He went to Skerry's College, Dublin, before going on to work in the civil service,^[3] while also working at the Abbey Theatre. By 1929, he turned to acting full-time. He was briefly a roommate of famed playwright Sean O'Casey^[4] and starred in such plays as O'Casey's Juno and the Paycock and the premiere of The Silver Tassie.

File:Fitzgeraldhouse.jpg

Birthplace of Barry Fitzgerald on Walworth Road, Portobello, Dublin

Fitzgerald went to Hollywood to star in another O'Casey work, The Plough and the Stars (1936), directed by John Ford.^[2] He had a successful Hollywood career in such films as The Long Voyage Home (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941), And Then There Were None (1945), The Naked City (1948), and The Quiet Man (1952). Fitzgerald achieved a feat unmatched in the history of the Academy Awards: he was nominated for both the Best Actor Oscar and the Best Supporting Actor Oscar for the same performance, as "Father Fitzgibbon" in Going My Way (1944).^[2] (Academy Award rules have since been changed to prevent this.) He won the Best Supporting Actor Award; an avid golfer, he later broke the head off his Oscar statue while practising his golf swing. (During World War II, Oscar statues were made of plaster instead of gold, owing to wartime metal shortages.)

He returned to live in Dublin in 1959.^[2]

Fitzgerald has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, for movies at 6220 Hollywood Blvd. and for television at 7001 Hollywood Blvd.

References and sources [link]

^ Obituary Variety, 18 January 1961, page 70.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Boylan 1999, p. 130.
^ Fitzgerald, Barry - International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers, (2000) by Anthony Slide
^ Allmovie Barry Fitzgerald biography

Boylan, Henry (1999). A Dictionary of Irish Biography. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. ISBN 0-7171-2945-4.

External links [link]

Barry Fitzgerald at the Internet Movie Database
Barry Fitzgerald at the Internet Broadway Database
Barry Fitzgerald at Find a Grave

v t e Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (1941–1960)

Donald Crisp (1941) Van Heflin (1942) Charles Coburn (1943) Barry Fitzgerald (1944) James Dunn (1945) Harold Russell (1946) Edmund Gwenn (1947) Walter Huston (1948) Dean Jagger (1949) George Sanders (1950) Karl Malden (1951) Anthony Quinn (1952) Frank Sinatra (1953) Edmond O'Brien (1954) Jack Lemmon (1955) Anthony Quinn (1956) Red Buttons (1957) Burl Ives (1958) Hugh Griffith (1959) Peter Ustinov (1960)

Complete list (1936–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture (1943–1960)

Akim Tamiroff (1943) Barry Fitzgerald (1944) J. Carrol Naish (1945) Clifton Webb (1946) Edmund Gwenn (1947) Walter Huston (1948) James Whitmore (1949) Edmund Gwenn (1950) Peter Ustinov (1951) Millard Mitchell (1952) Frank Sinatra (1953) Edmond O'Brien (1954) Arthur Kennedy (1955) Earl Holliman (1956) Red Buttons (1957) Burl Ives (1958) Stephen Boyd (1959) Sal Mineo (1960)

Complete list (1943–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–present)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Fitzgerald

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

	Book: David Bowie
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Persondata
Name	Kelly, Grace
Alternative names	Grace, Princess of Monaco
Short description	American actor, Monegasque princess
Date of birth	November 12, 1929
Place of birth	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
Date of death	September 14, 1982
Place of death	Monte Carlo, Monaco

Persondata
Name	Midler, Bette
Alternative names	Midler, Bette Davis
Short description	Singer, actress
Date of birth	December 1, 1945
Place of birth	Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Date of death
Place of death

Persondata
Name	Fitzgerald, Barry
Alternative names
Short description	Actor
Date of birth	10 March 1888
Place of birth	Dublin, Ireland
Date of death	14 January 1961
Place of death	Dublin, Ireland

Crosby, Bing Filmography

Browse available lyrics:

Born: 1903-05-03

Died: 1977-10-14

Make changes yourself !

Contents

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Contents

[edit] Space Oddity to Hunky Dory

[edit] Ziggy Stardust

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Contents

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Contents

[edit] 1972–1980: The Divine Miss M and success

[edit] 1981–89: Wind Beneath My Wings and Beaches

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