Royal House

Sunday, 14 October 2012

Royal House

ROYAL HOUSE CAN YOU PARTY CLUB MIX( CAN YOU FEEL IT )

ROYAL HOUSE - PARTY PEOPLE ( CLUB RUB DUB RUB )

Royal House I can't quite understand (Louie's dub)

Phillipe B vs Royal House - Can You Feel It

Royal House (Todd Terry)- Can You Party (ORIGINAL MIX & INST. DUB)

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Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Afghanistan
Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
http://wn.com/Albania
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands). Separated by a few sea miles, the group is in the middle of the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. Being a former part of the British Empire has strongly influenced the country's governance, language, and culture.
http://wn.com/Antigua_and_Barbuda
Aragon
Aragon (Spanish and , ) is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the region comprises three provinces from north to south: Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza (also called Saragossa in English).
http://wn.com/Aragon
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bahrain, officially Kingdom of Bahrain (, , literally: "Kingdom of the Two Seas"), is a small island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. While Bahrain is an archipelago of thirty-three islands, the largest (Bahrain Island) is long by wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain via the King Fahd Causeway, which was officially opened on 25 November 1986. Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Bahrain
Barbados
Barbados ()or (Bar-bay-dos) is an island nation of the Lesser Antilles, in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic Ocean and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and north-east of Venezuela. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
http://wn.com/Barbados
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (, ; ; ), is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of , it is by far the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine Westphalia) with almost 12.5 million inhabitants, more than any of the three sovereign states on its borders. Bavaria's capital is Munich.
http://wn.com/Bavaria
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
http://wn.com/Belgium
Belize
Belize () (formerly British Honduras), is a democratic constitutional monarchy, and the northernmost Central American nation. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Although Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Belize is bordered by Mexico to its north, by Guatemala to its south and west, and by the Caribbean Sea to the east.
http://wn.com/Belize
Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan () (Dzongkha: ; Wylie: '' 'drug yul; Tibetan pinyin: ''), is a small landlocked country in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China . Bhutan is separated from the nearby state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal.
http://wn.com/Bhutan
Bosnia
http://wn.com/Bosnia
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil
Brunei
http://wn.com/Brunei
Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
http://wn.com/Bulgaria
Busseto
Busseto is a comune in the province of Parma, in Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy. It became the home of the opera composer Giuseppe Verdi when he moved there in 1824.
http://wn.com/Busseto
Cambodia
http://wn.com/Cambodia
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China
Connacht
http://wn.com/Connacht
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
http://wn.com/Croatia
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus
Denmark
http://wn.com/Denmark
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia
Ferrara
Ferrara is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the 14th century and 15th century, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance it has been qualified by UNESCO as World Heritage Site.
http://wn.com/Ferrara
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France
Gambia
http://wn.com/Gambia
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country)
German Empire
http://wn.com/German_Empire
Greece
http://wn.com/Greece
Grenada
Grenada () is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
http://wn.com/Grenada
Guastalla
Guastalla is a town and comune in the province of Reggio Emilia in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
http://wn.com/Guastalla
Han Dynasty
http://wn.com/Han_Dynasty
Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
http://wn.com/Hawaii
Hesse and by Rhine
http://wn.com/Hesse_and_by_Rhine
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart, also known as the House of Stewart, is an important European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century. Their direct ancestors (from Brittany) had held the title High Steward of Scotland since the 12th century, after arriving by route of Norman England. The dynasty inherited further territory by the 17th century which covered the entire British Isles, including the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland, also upholding a claim to the Kingdom of France.
http://wn.com/House_of_Stuart
Hungary
http://wn.com/Hungary
Irak
http://wn.com/Irak
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran
Ireland
Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
http://wn.com/Ireland
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy
Jamaica
http://wn.com/Jamaica
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan
Korea
http://wn.com/Korea
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
http://wn.com/Kuwait
Leinster
http://wn.com/Leinster
Lesotho
http://wn.com/Lesotho
Libya
http://wn.com/Libya
Liechtenstein
http://wn.com/Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
http://wn.com/Luxembourg
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia
Maldives
http://wn.com/Maldives
Mali
http://wn.com/Mali
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
http://wn.com/Mexico
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty (; ), or Empire of the Great Ming (, also anachronistically ), was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Hans. Although the Ming capital Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng who established the Shun Dynasty, which was soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, regimes loyal to the Ming throne (collectively called the Southern Ming Dynasty) survived until 1662.
http://wn.com/Ming_Dynasty
Mirandola
http://wn.com/Mirandola
Modena
http://wn.com/Modena
Monaco
http://wn.com/Monaco
Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
http://wn.com/Mongolia
Montenegro
http://wn.com/Montenegro
Morocco
http://wn.com/Morocco
Munster
http://wn.com/Munster
Naples
Naples ( , , Neapolitan: Napule) is a city in Italy; it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. Known for its rich history, art, culture, architecture, music, and gastronomy, Naples has played an important role in the the Italian peninsula and beyond for much of its existence, which began more than 2,800 years ago. Situated on the west coast of Italy by the Gulf of Naples, the city is located halfway between two volcanic areas, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields.
http://wn.com/Naples
New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand
Nguyễn Dynasty
http://wn.com/Nguyễn_Dynasty
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
http://wn.com/Northern_Ireland
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway
Oman
Oman (pronounced ; '), officially the Sultanate of Oman''' ( ), is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains Madha and Musandam, two exclaves on the Gulf of Oman, south of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on the land side.
http://wn.com/Oman
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
http://wn.com/Papua_New_Guinea
Parma
Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. It is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world.
http://wn.com/Parma
Piacenza
http://wn.com/Piacenza
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland
Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
http://wn.com/Portugal
Qatar
Qatar ( ; ; local pronunciation: ), also known as the State of Qatar or locally , is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise, the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island nation of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Qatar
Qing Dynasty
http://wn.com/Qing_Dynasty
Rhineland-Palatinate
:This article is about the German Bundesland Rhineland-Palatinate, or Rheinland-Pfalz. For the historical territory of the Elector Palatine, see Electoral Palatinate. For the 19th century territory, see Upper Palatinate (also known as Oberpfalz). For other uses, see Palatinate (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Rhineland-Palatinate
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
http://wn.com/Romania
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia (; ) is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 (238 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 160,000. Its capital is Castries. The island nation has been the home of two Nobel laureates, Arthur Lewis and Derek Walcott. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after Faroe Islands.
http://wn.com/Saint_Lucia
Sarawak
Sarawak () is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang ("Land of the Hornbills"), it is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia; the second largest, Sabah, lies to the northeast.
http://wn.com/Sarawak
Saudi Arabia
http://wn.com/Saudi_Arabia
Saxony
http://wn.com/Saxony
Schleswig-Holstein
http://wn.com/Schleswig-Holstein
Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
http://wn.com/Scotland
Senegal
http://wn.com/Senegal
Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
http://wn.com/Serbia
Slavonia
http://wn.com/Slavonia
Smederevo
http://wn.com/Smederevo
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands ) is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (10,965 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
http://wn.com/Solomon_Islands
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain
Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
http://wn.com/Sri_Lanka
Swaziland
The Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
http://wn.com/Swaziland
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand
The Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets (rocks). It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States (nearest to the state of Florida). Its total land area is ; slightly larger than the US states of Connecticut and Rhode Island combined), with an estimated population of 330,000. Its capital is Nassau. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the designation of the Bahamas refers normally to the commonwealth and not the geographic chain.
http://wn.com/The_Bahamas
Tonga
http://wn.com/Tonga
Tunisia
http://wn.com/Tunisia
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey
Tuvalu
Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 12,373 makes it the second-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at , Monaco at and Nauru at .
http://wn.com/Tuvalu
Ulster
Ulster () is one of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island.
http://wn.com/Ulster
United Arab Emirates
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Emirates
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom
Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
http://wn.com/Vietnam
Waldeck-Pyrmont
http://wn.com/Waldeck-Pyrmont
Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
http://wn.com/Wales
Württemberg
http://wn.com/Württemberg
Yemen
http://wn.com/Yemen
Yuan Dynasty
http://wn.com/Yuan_Dynasty
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe ( ; officially the Republic of Zimbabwe and formerly Southern Rhodesia, the Republic of Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia) is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three official languages: English, Shona (a Bantu language), and Ndebele (also a Bantu language).
http://wn.com/Zimbabwe

Asen dynasty
The Asen dynasty (, Asenevtsi) ruled a medieval Bulgarian state, called in modern historiography the Second Bulgarian Empire, between 1187 and 1280.
http://wn.com/Asen_dynasty
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria
Borjigin
http://wn.com/Borjigin
Cantacuzino family
http://wn.com/Cantacuzino_family
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China
Elisabeth of Russia
http://wn.com/Elisabeth_of_Russia
Hashemite
http://wn.com/Hashemite
Hata clan
The was an immigrant clan active in Japan since the Kofun period, according to the epic history Nihonshoki.
http://wn.com/Hata_clan
Hethumids
The Hethumids (also spelled Hetoumids or '''Het'umids), also known as the House of Lampron''' (after Lampron castle), were the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1226 to 1373. Hethum I, the first of the Hethumids, came to power when he married Queen Isabella of Armenia who had inherited the throne from her father.
http://wn.com/Hethumids
House of Al Khalifa
http://wn.com/House_of_Al_Khalifa
House of Balliol
The House of Balliol (de Balliol) was a Picard and Anglo-Norman family who began to rule some estates in England in the reign of William Rufus. In the late 13th and 14th centuries, two members of the house were kings of Scotland.
http://wn.com/House_of_Balliol
House of Iturbide
http://wn.com/House_of_Iturbide
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a medieval Luxembourgian noble family. In 1308, Henry, Count of Luxembourg, became German king, his son, John of Luxembourg, shortly afterwards received the Bohemian crown. The dynasty's rule in the Holy Roman Empire was interrupted by the Wittelsbach twice. With the death of Emperor Sigismund, the dynasty died out and was succeeded by the Habsburgs. Cognatically the house was a branch of the Ardennes-Verdun dynasty.
http://wn.com/House_of_Luxembourg
House of Mrnjavčević
http://wn.com/House_of_Mrnjavčević
House of Plantagenet
http://wn.com/House_of_Plantagenet
House of Trpimirović
http://wn.com/House_of_Trpimirović
Maria II of Portugal
Dona Maria II (Rio de Janeiro, 4 April 1819 – Lisbon, 15 November 1853) was Queen regnant of Portugal from 1826 to 1828 and later from 1834 to 1853. She was the second Queen regnant of Portugal and the Algarves, and the 29th or 30th Portuguese monarch. She was a member of the House of Braganza.
http://wn.com/Maria_II_of_Portugal
Ottoman Empire
http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire
Peter III of Russia
http://wn.com/Peter_III_of_Russia
Pico della Mirandola
http://wn.com/Pico_della_Mirandola
Qin Shi Huang
http://wn.com/Qin_Shi_Huang
Royal Earl House
Royal Earl House (9 September 181425 February 1895) was the inventor of the first printing telegraph, which is now kept in the Smithsonian Institution. His nephew Henry Alonzo House is also a noted early American inventor.
http://wn.com/Royal_Earl_House
Senussi
The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi. Senussi was concerned with both the decline of Islamic thought and spirituality and the weakening of Muslim political integrity. He was influenced by the Salafi movement, to which he added teachings from various Sufi orders. From 1902 to 1913 the Senussi fought French expansion in the Sahara, and the Italian colonisation of Libya beginning in 1911. The Grand Senussi's grandson became King Idris I of Libya in 1951. In 1969, King Idris I was overthrown by a military coup led by Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi. A third of the population in Libya continue to be affiliated with the Senussi movement.
http://wn.com/Senussi

Royal House - Can You Party

Todd Terry classic, and an Acid House anthem. Gotta love those sirens, and those stabs....

published: 04 Apr 2010

Author: dial8d

Royal House - Yeah Buddy

...

published: 30 Jan 2010

Author: MoreEVicarGold

ROYAL HOUSE-Party People(original mix)

oldskool house...

published: 25 Oct 2008

Author: markwhelan82

ROYAL HOUSE CAN YOU PARTY CLUB MIX( CAN YOU FEEL IT )

ROYAL HOUSE CAN YOU PARTY ( CAN YOU FEEL IT )...

published: 06 Dec 2010

Author: theacidhouseone

Royal House - Can You Party

Classic House 1988...

published: 07 Dec 2008

Author: HouseParty808

Royal House - Get Funky

Idlers Records 1988...

published: 06 Aug 2008

Author: skylineag4u2nv

Royal House - A Better Way

IDLERS...

published: 02 Aug 2009

Author: skylineag4u2nv

Royal House - Can You Party

Old Skool House Label: Idlers Catalog#: WAR 021 Format: Vinyl, 12" Country: US Releas...

published: 28 Feb 2008

Author: 6robski8

ROYAL HOUSE - PARTY PEOPLE ( CLUB RUB DUB RUB )

Format:Vinyl, 12", 33 ⅓ RPM Country:US Released:1987 Genre:Electronic Style:Hou...

published: 24 Jan 2010

Author: Adjslife

Royal House I can't quite understand (Louie's dub)

Time to open the door and enter the house of Todd!!!Warlock Records 1989....

published: 23 Jul 2008

Author: Chicagowax

Phillipe B vs Royal House - Can You Feel It

Update of the Todd Terry classic....

published: 18 Mar 2010

Author: dial8d

Royal House (Todd Terry)- Can You Party (ORIGINAL MIX & INST. DUB)

1988 Idlers Records.] Includes "Original Mix" AND "Instrumental Dub" (...

published: 04 Mar 2011

Author: hart70vinyls

Royal House - Party People (1987)

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made ...

published: 01 Apr 2009

Author: djxdream

Royal House (Todd Terry)- Yeah Buddy (EXTENDED MIX)

1988 Idlers Records. Producer, Mixed By, Written-By -- Todd Terry Samples Exodus- "To...

published: 04 Mar 2011

Author: hart70vinyls

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Photo: AP / NASA

Redaktionshinweis: Verwendung des Bildes nur im Zusammenhang mit der Meldung "Nahe Supererde besteht zu einem Drittel aus Diamant" und bei Nennung "Spitzer-Weltraumteleskop/NASA/JPL-Caltech"! Keine Archivierung! +++ Die Illustration zeigt den seinen Stern sehr nah umkreisenden Planeten 55 Cancri e (r.).

Diamond bigger than Earth found

Stuff

11 Oct 2012

Forget the diamond as big as the Ritz. This one's bigger than planet Earth. Orbiting a star that is visible to the naked eye, astronomers have discovered a planet twice the size of our own made...

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Photo: AP / K.M. Chaudary

Pakistani Christians chant slogans during a protest to condemn the attack on a 14-year-old schoolgirl Malala Yousufzai, who was shot on Tuesday, Oct. 9, 2012 by the Taliban for speaking out in support of education for women, in Lahore, Pakistan, Thursday, Oct. 11, 2012.

Brutal attack on Pakistani girl an affront to human rights everywhere

The Star

12 Oct 2012

THE attack, last Tuesday, on Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year old Pakistani girl, who is in intensive care after she was shot in the head, in an assassination attempt by Taliban militants in broad...

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Photo: AP / Mahmoud Tawil

Hezbollah Says It Flew Iranian-Designed Drone Into Israel

The New York Times

12 Oct 2012

BEIRUT, Lebanon — Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of the Lebanese militant group and political party Hezbollah, declared Thursday that his fighters had assembled and piloted a drone that flew 35...

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Photo: AP / George Osodi

Locals collect oil from an oil polluted stream in Oshie near Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Tuesday, Oct. 31 2006.

Nigerian farmers sue Shell in Dutch case with global reach

France24

11 Oct 2012

AFP - Four Nigerian farmers take on Shell in a Dutch court, accusing the oil giant of destroying their livelihoods in a case that could set a precedent for global environmental responsibility. The...

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Photo: AP / Andy Wong

A house owner smokes while surrounded by police officers after he refused to the developer's demolition of his house in Beijing, China

Amnesty: Forced home evictions are rising in China

The Times of India

11 Oct 2012

BEIJING: Cases of people being forcibly evicted from their homes and land have risen significantly in China, becoming the single greatest source of public discontent and a serious threat to social and...

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R.A.W. Las Vegas at the Royal House, presenting Ensemble 27 Sep 2012

The Examiner Related topics Las Vegas Nightclub EventsLas Vegas Nightlife Eventslas vegas bars & clubs Advertisement The R.A.W. Las Vegas season at the Royal House, 99 Convention Drive, is nearing the end, with only one more show after September 27th, this month's 'Ensemble' showcase. R.A.W., is a nation...(size: 7.7Kb)

Royal House Requests R18 Million 06 Sep 2012

All Africa [SAPA]Durban -The Royal...(size: 0.2Kb)

Zulu Royal House seeks another R18m 05 Sep 2012

Independent online (SA) The Royal Household Department, which caters for the needs of King Goodwill Zwelithini, has asked for another R18 million from the provincial treasury to consolidate the king’s palaces and build a new one for Queen Zola Mafu, his sixth wife. The request, which is likely to set taxpayers’...(size: 4.0Kb)

Zulu royal house wants more money 05 Sep 2012

Sowetan Live The Royal Household department which caters for the needs of King Goodwill Zwelithini has requested R18 million from the provincial legislature, the...(size: 1.0Kb)

Mills is from a Royal House; bury him in his hometown-Adomako Baafi 02 Aug 2012

Joy Online A member of the NPPs Communication team has added his voice to calls for the fallen president John Evans Atta Mills, to be laid to rest in his hometown. Government is still...(size: 1.2Kb)

Hoveka Royal House Inaugurates New Chief 02 Jul 2012

All Africa [New Era] The Hoveka...(size: 0.2Kb)

Liechtenstein’s Royal House Aims to Double Asian Assets at Bank 18 Jun 2012

Bloomberg LGT Group, the Princely House of Liechtenstein’s private bank, plans to double assets in Asia to $24 billion in the next five years after adding staff and investing in information technology. LGT, fully owned since 1930...(size: 1.4Kb)

'Royal' house sells for princely sum of R3.2-million 05 Jun 2012

Mail Guardian South Africa Prince Mmelizwe Dlamini. (Gallo) An unnamed Durban lawyer bought the house in an auction on Monday after Prince Mmelizwe Dlamini allegedly failed to...(size: 1.0Kb)

Historic diamond sold by Royal House of Prussia fetches $9.7 million at Geneva auction 15 May 2012

Star Tribune GENEVA - Marie de Medici wore it at her coronation as Queen Consort of Henry IV in France in 1610, and now the Beau Sancy diamond is a lavish accessory owned by an anonymous bidder who paid $9.7 million for it at Sotheby's auction. The spring auction season for jewelry and watches is upon Geneva,...(size: 3.7Kb)

Jimi Cto shows at Royal House 18 Apr 2012

The Examiner Las Vegas, April 15th, 2011. Jimi Giovanni Urquiaaga, designer for Jimi Cto (pronounced Sea-toe) Clothing, showed portions of his new collection for an audience at the Royal House on Sunday evening. The show was in merged into the Xtreme Catwalk model competition held by Michael Touchard, Jr. that...(size: 6.0Kb)

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This article is about the use of royal family names. For the inventor named Royal House, see Royal Earl House.

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

A royal house or royal dynasty consists of at least one, but usually more monarchs who are related to one another, as well as their non-reigning descendants and spouses. Monarchs of the same realm who are not related to one another are usually deemed to belong to different houses, and each house is designated by a name which distinguishes it from other houses. Strictly, a "royal house" is a dynasty whose members reign while bearing the title of king or queen, although it has become common to refer to any family which legally exercises sovereignty by hereditary right as a royal family, and its members as "royalty" or (colloquially) "royals". Historically, ruling families often consist of a senior and several junior branches, which are akin, but may have diverged in descent from a common ancestor many generations ago. The name used to refer to a royal house may or may not also be used by its members as a surname. Rather, members of dynasties are usually referred to by their titles, which may or may not also be hereditary.

Historically royal intermarriage has often brought multiple thrones to a sovereign's family. Sometimes appanages granted to cadet branches have become the nucleus of an independent monarchy—or an incentive to acquire one. Members of the same patrilineage may therefore come to rule entirely different countries and espouse national loyalties or cultural ties to nations other than the one ruled by the first monarch in the family—yet they may still acknowledge bonds based on membership in the same dynasty (e.g. Bourbon Family Compact), and may still inherit thrones or bequeath assets based upon that kinship, sometimes centuries later.

While most realms have, in the documented past, calculated membership in the royal house as descending through the male line (sometimes allowing females to inherit and sometimes not), most European monarchies have now constitutionally eliminated preference in the line of succession to the throne for males (Sweden, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark), and some non-European royal families have contemplated doing so (Japan, Thailand). It has long been the case that royal houses sometimes continue in the female line of descent, although that most often occurred after the dynastic male line was genealogically exhausted (e.g. Habsburg, Orange-Nassau, Romanov, Grimaldi).

Royal house names in Europe were therefore generally taken from the father; in cases where a queen regnant married a prince of another house, their children (and therefore subsequent monarchs) belonged to the house of the prince consort. Thus Queen Victoria belonged to the House of Hanover, but her male-line descendants belong to the house of her husband Albert, which is Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a branch of the House of Wettin. The name was changed to Windsor in 1917.

Nevertheless, this rule had several exceptions in other countries: After the marriage of the then Archduchess Maria Theresa of the House of Habsburg in the 18th century to a Lorraine prince, her issue took the name Habsburg-Lorraine in order to closely associate themselves with the previous Habsburg dynasty. As mentioned, Portugal deemed the issue of Queen Maria II of Portugal and Prince Consort (later King) Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to be solely members of the Braganza, and the dynasty name, as opposed to Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.^{[citation needed]}

In Russia, the death of Empress Elisabeth brought the House of Romanov to an end patrilineally. However, the Empress designated her nephew, Duke Peter-Ulrich of Holstein-Gottorp from the House of Oldenburg, as heir to the throne. After his accession, the House name of Romanov was retained, despite the fact that Peter III inherited the crown from his maternal aunt.

More recently, in the 20th century, the children of regnant females in the Netherlands and Luxembourg have retained their maternal house affiliation, and in the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II's descendants by her husband, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, remain Windsor by letters patent, although Prince Phillip was of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and later surnamed "Mountbatten".

Another way in which the royal house of a given country may change is when a foreign prince is invited to fill a vacant throne or a next-of-king from a foreign house succeeds. This occurred with the death of childless Queen Anne of the House of Stuart: she was succeeded by a prince of the House of Hanover who was her nearest Protestant relative.

Reigning houses [link]

See List of royal houses

Bahrain: House of Al Khalifa
Belgium: House of Wettin (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line)
Bhutan: House of Wangchuck
Brunei: House of Bolkiah
Cambodia: House of Norodom
Commonwealth realms: House of Windsor (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line)- the following are the 16 Commonwealth realms:
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Australia
- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Canada
- Grenada
- Jamaica
- New Zealand
- Papua New Guinea
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Solomon Islands
- Tuvalu
- United Kingdom
Denmark: House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (a branch of the House of Oldenburg)
Japan: Imperial House of Japan (Yamato Dynasty)
Jordan: House of Hashemite
Kuwait: House of Al-Sabah
Lesotho: House of Moshesh
Liechtenstein: House of Liechtenstein
Luxembourg: House of Nassau-Weilburg and Bourbon-Parma, (agnatically the House of Bourbon, Capetian Dynasty)
Malaysia: Nine royal houses
- Royal Family of Negeri Sembilan
- Royal Family of Selangor
- Royal Family of Perlis
- Royal Family of Terengganu
- Royal Family of Kedah(current royal house of Malaysia as of December 13, 2011)
- Royal Family of Kelantan
- Royal Family of Pahang
- Royal Family of Johor
- Royal Family of Perak
Monaco: House of Grimaldi
Morocco: Alaouite
Kingdom of the Netherlands: House of Orange-Nassau (agnatically the House of Lippe)
Norway: House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (a branch of the House of Oldenburg)
Qatar: House of Thani
Oman: House of Al Bu Sa'id
Saudi Arabia: House of Saud
Spain: House of Bourbon (Capetian Dynasty)
Swaziland: House of Dlamini
Sweden: House of Bernadotte
Thailand: House of Chakri
Tonga: House of Tupou
United Arab Emirates: House of Al Nahyan (Al Qasimi)

Deposed or extinct sovereign Houses [link]

The majority of these nations are now republics or part of republics. The Princely Houses of Germany often have given their own names to the states they ruled.

Afghanistan
- Barakzai
- Durrani dynasty
Albania:
- House of Wied
- House of Zogu
Anhalt: House of Ascania
Aragon: House of Aragon
Armenia:
Austria: House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Azerbaijan: House of Shirvanshahs
Baden: House of Zähringen
Bavaria: House of Wittelsbach
Bohemia: Přemyslid dynasty, House of Luxembourg, Jagiellon Dynasty; House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Bosnia: House of Boričević-Berislavić
Brazil: House of Bragança (branch of the House of Aviz); later Orléans-Bragança (branch of the House of Bourbon, a line of the House of Capet)
Brunswick: House of Hanover (branch of the House of Guelph, a line of the House of Este)
Bulgaria:
- House of Dulo
- House of Krum
- House of Cometopuli
- House of Assen
- House of Terteroba
- House of Sratsimir
- House of Dragaš
- House of Battenberg (branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt)
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Busseto: Pallavicino
Byzantine Empire
China:

Han Chinese:

- House of Ying 嬴氏: Imperial Family of Qin Dynasty
  - Hata clan 嬴氏 (Qin Dynasty), one branch of descendants of Qin Shi Huang, currently live in Japan.
- House of Liu 劉氏 Liu: Imperial Family of Han Dynasty
- House of Li 李氏 Li: Imperial Family of Tang Dynasty
- House of Zhao 趙氏 Zhao: Imperial Family of Song Dynasty
- House of Zhu 朱氏 Zhu, Imperial Family of Ming Dynasty
- House of Borjigin 孛兒只斤, a.k.a. 博爾濟吉特 (Yuan Dynasty, Mongol Imperial Family)
- House of Aisin-Gioro 愛新覺羅 (Qing Dynasty, Manchu Imperial Family)

Former Commonwealth Realms: House of Windsor (agnatically the House of Wettin, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line)
Croatia:House of Trpimirović, Jagiellon Dynasty
Cyprus
- House of Windsor (agnatically the House of Wettin, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line)
- House of Lusignan
- House of Cornaro
- Komnenos
Egypt: Muhammad Ali Dynasty
England:
- House of Wessex
- House of Normandy
- House of Anjou
  - House of Plantagenet
    - House of Lancaster
    - House of York
- House of Tudor
- House of Stuart
Ethiopia: Solomonic dynasty
Ferrara, Modena & Reggio: House of Este; later Austria-Este (a branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine)
France:
- House of Capet (royal), branches including: House of Valois (extinct 1589), House of Bourbon, and House of Orleans.
- House of Bonaparte (imperial)
Georgia: Bagrationi
German Empire: House of Hohenzollern (Prussian line)
Greece:
- House of Wittelsbach
- Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (branch of the House of Oldenburg)
Hesse and by Rhine: House of Lorraine-Brabant
Hawaii:
- House of Kamehameha
- House of Keoua
- House of Kalaimamahu
- House of Kalakaua
- House of Kawananakoa
- House of Kalokuokamaile
Hungary:
- Árpád dynasty;
- House of Samuel Aba of Hungary
- Capetian House of Anjou
- House of Luxembourg
- Jagiellon Dynasty
- House of Hunyadi
- House of Szapolyai
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Iran (Persia): Pahlavi
Irak (Iraq): Hashemites
Ireland (native): Provincial overkingdoms: O'Neill dynasty (Ulster), MacMurrough-Kavanagh dynasty (Leinster), O'Connor dynasty (Connacht), O'Brien dynasty (Munster). Regional kingdoms: O'Donnell dynasty (Tyrconnell), O'Rourke dynasty (Breifne), MacCarthy dynasty (Desmond)
Ireland (non-native): House of Tudor, House of Stuart, House of Windsor (still reigning in Northern Ireland)
Israel: House of David
Kingdom of Italy (medieval): House of Ivrea - lines Valperga di Masino, di San Martino-Lorenzato, Castellamonte, San Martino d'Aglie.
Kievan Rus: House of Rurik (Several princely and noble families of Rurik stock)
Italy:
- House of Savoy, or in Italian "Savoia"
- House of Bonaparte (royal)
Korea:
- House of Dae
- House of Go
- House of Kim
- House of Ma
- House of Park
- House of Sok
- House of Wang
- House of Yi
Leinster: MacMurrough Kavanagh.
Libya: Senussi
Lippe: House of Lippe
Grand Duchy of Lithuania: House of Mindaugas, House of Gediminas (Ruthenian Hedyminovichy, Belarusian: Гедымінавічы) later a branch of Gediminids - the Jagiellons
Maldives: Huraa dynasty
Mali
- Keita Dynasty
Mecklenburg-Schwerin: House of Mecklenburg (Nikloting dynasty)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz: House of Mecklenburg (Nikloting dynasty)
Melfi: House of Melfi
Mexico:
- House of Iturbide
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine
- House of Habsburg-Itúrbide
Mirandola: Pico della Mirandola
Modena & Reggio
- House of Este
- House of Habsburg-Este
Monferrato : House of Gonzaga
Mongolia: the Borjigin Mongol Empire, Choros
Montenegro:
- House of Vojislavljević
- House of Balšić
- House of Crnojević
- House of Petrović
Naples and the Two Sicilies: Capetian House of Anjou (branch of the House of Capet); House of Bourbon (branch of the House of Capet)
Nepal: Shah dynasty
Oldenburg: House of Oldenburg
Ottoman Empire (Turkey): House of Osman
Palatinate of the Rhine: House of Wittelsbach
Parma Piacenza & Guastalla:
- Farnese
- Bourbon-Parma, a line of the House of Capet
Poland
- Piast Dynasty
- Jagiellon Dynasty
Portugal
- House of Burgundy
  - House of Aviz
    - House of Braganza
      - House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    - House of Aviz-Beja
Persia (Iran): Qajar Dynasty
Polatsk: House of Rahvalodavichy, a branch of the Rurik Dynasty
Prussia: See German Empire
Reuß : House of Reuss
Romania: House of Romania
Russia: House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (branch of the House of Oldenburg)
Ryukyu Kingdom: House of Sho
Sarawak: Brooke family
Saxony: House of Wettin
- Saxe-Altenburg (Ernestine branch)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Ernestine branch)
- Saxe-Meiningen and Hildburghausen (Ernestine branch)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Grand Duchy of Saxony, Ernestine branch)
- Saxony (Kingdom of Saxony, Albertine branch)
Schaumburg-Lippe: House of Lippe
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt: House of Schwarzburg
Schleswig-Holstein: House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (branch of the House of Oldenburg)
Scotland
- House of Alpin
- House of Dunkeld
- House of Balliol
- House of Bruce
- House of Stewart/Stuart
Senegambia : present-day Senegal and Gambia
- Joof family
Serbia
- House of Zupan
- House of Nemanjić
- House of Mrnjavčević
- House of Lazarević
- House of Branković
- House of Smederevo
- House of Obrenović
- House of Karadjordjević
Yugoslavia:
- House of Karadjordjević
Sicily: House of Altavilla, House of Hohenstaufen, Aragonese Kings of Sicily
Slavonia: Jagiellon Dynasty
Spain (pre-unification)
- House of Ivrea
- Nasrid Dynasty
- House of Navarre (inherited by the Bourbon dynasty, a line of the Capetian dynasty)
- House of Trastámara
Spain (unified Kingdom)
- senior branch of the House of Habsburg (extinct 1700)
- House of Bourbon (current rulling royal family, restored in 1975)
- House of Bonaparte
- House of Savoy
Sri Lanka: Nayaks of Kandy
Thailand
- Uthong Dynasty
- Suphannaphum Dynasty
- Sukhothai Dynasty
- Prasat Thong Dynasty
- Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty
- Thonburi Dynasty
Turkey: House of Osman
Tunisia: Husainid Dynasty
Tuscany:
- Medici
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Tyrconnell: O'Donnell
Vietnam:
- Lý Dynasty
- Trần Dynasty
- Mạc Dynasty
- Lê Dynasty
- Nguyễn Dynasty
Waldeck and Pyrmont: House of Waldeck-Pyrmont
Wales:
- House of Aberffraw
- House of Dinefwr
- House of Mathrafal
Westphalia: House of Bonaparte (royal)
Wied: House of Wied
Württemberg: House of Württemberg
Yawnghwe (Myanmar): Kanbawza
Yemen: al-Qasimi
Zimbabwe: Munhumutapa the bloodline survives in several kingdoms and chieftaincies in Southern Africa.

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Todd Terry
Birth name	Todd N. Terry
Also known as	T.N.T.
Born	(1967-04-18) April 18, 1967 (age 45) Brooklyn, New York City, United States
Genres	Broken beat, Garage, House
Occupations	DJ, Producer, Remixer
Instruments	Drum machine Synthesizer Electronic keyboard Sequencer
Years active	1987–present
Labels	InHouse Records SounDesign Records Warlock Records Astralwerks/Caroline/Virgin/EMI Records Ministry of Sound Records
Associated acts	Masters at Work
Website	www.toddterry.com

Todd N. Terry (born April 18, 1967)^[1] is an American DJ, producer, and remixer.

1 Career
2 Record labels
3 Selected remixes
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Career [link]

Terry's productions extensively used samples blending the sounds of classic disco, the Chicago sound, and elements of hip-hop.^[1]

Terry began in the 1980s by DJing at parties in New York, playing Italian disco and hip hop, and later house music when it emerged in the middle of the decade.^[1]^[2] Much of Todd Terry's early work in the late 1980s is considered a milestone in the development of both progressive and modern deep house. Todd Terry has been responsible for releasing two of the most respected crossover remixes of the house era: "I'll House You" by the Jungle Brothers and "Missing" by Everything but the Girl by the mid 1990s.^[1]

Todd's tracks "Something Goin' On" and "Keep on Jumpin'" were both UK Top 10 hits,^[3]^[4] with the vocals on the latter provided by Jocelyn Brown and Martha Wash. Freestyle diva Shannon was the featured vocalist on the UK top 20 hit "It's Over Love" in 1997, which also topped the Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs Chart in the US, as did "Just Wanna Dance"/"Weekend".^[5]^[6] "All right, All right" also was featured on the British import Chicago House compilation Jackmaster Volume 1 in 1987.

In 1999, Todd Terry released Resolutions on Astralwerks Records, which successfully embraced the then still avant-garde drum 'n' bass aesthetic.^[1] He also mixes on the albums One Half of a Whole Decade and Live & Remastered.

Terry also used several aliases such as Swan Lake, Orange Lemon, Royal House, and Black Riot.^[7] He has also recorded as CLS, Masters at Work (with Kenny "Dope" Gonzalez & "Little" Louie Vega), Dredd Stock, House of Gypsies, Limelife, Hard House, Tyme Forse, and the Gypsymen (where under that alias, scored a number-one Billboard Hot Dance/Club play hit in 1992 with "Hear the Music").

Terry co-produced the song "Shake" on P.M. Dawn's debut album, Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross: The Utopian Experience. The song ended with the repeated lyric "Everyone thank Todd Terry". He also produced "The House of Isis" from Isis' 1990 album Rebel Soul.

In October 2004, "Weekend" by the Todd Terry Project appeared in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, playing on House Music radio station SF-UR.

Record labels [link]

InHouse Records was launched by Terry in 1999. It has been the vehicle through which Todd is able to release tracks to his fans without a filter. Currently Inhouse has over 500 commercially available tracks in the catalog including release by House of Gypsies, Roland Clark, Shawnee Taylor, Kelly Sajda, Gypsymen, Black Riot, Leon Cormack, and Todd Terry All Stars.

In 2000 Terry launched SoundDesign Records, the home to some of the harder tracks and artists he is working with and on, including releases from Danny Genius, Space Kadets, and Friscia & Lamboy.

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bush, John "Todd Terry Biography", Allmusic, retrieved 2011-07-02
^ Larkin, Colin (1999) The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music, Virgin Books, ISBN 0-7535-0252-6, p.337
^ "Tod Terry", Chart Stats, retrieved 2011-0702
^ "Todd Terry Featuring Martha Wash And Jocelyn Brown", Chart Stats, retrieved 2011-07-02
^ "Todd Terry Chart History: Singles", Billboard.com, retrieved 2011-07-02
^ "Todd Terry Presents Shannon", Chart Stats, retrieved 2011-07-02
^ Kogan, Frank (1989) "The Todd Terry Project To The Batmobile Let's Go", SPIN, April 1989, p. 110, retrieved 2011-07-02

External links [link]

Persondata
Name	Terry, Todd
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	April 18, 1967
Place of birth	Brooklyn, New York City, United States
Date of death
Place of death

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Look up depend, dependent, dependant, dependence, or dependency in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

1 Sciences
2 Music
3 Religion
4 Technologies

Dependency or dependent may refer to:

Sciences [link]

Computer science [link]

dependency, also called Coupling (computer science), a state in which one object uses a functionality of another object
Data dependency, which describes a dependence relation between statements in a program
Dependency (UML), a relationship between two elements in the Unified Modeling Language
Dependency relation, a type of binary relation in mathematics and computer science.
Functional Dependency, a relation between database attributes allowing normalization.
Dependent type, in computer science and logic, a type which depends on a value
Hidden dependency, a relation where a change in one area of a program produces unexpected side-effects, kind of dependency hell.

Economics [link]

Dependant (British English) (Dependent - American English), a person who depends on another as a primary source of income
Dependency ratio, in economics, the ratio of the economically dependent part of the economy to the productive part
Dependency theory, an economic worldview which states that resources flow from poor states to wealthy states

Linguistics [link]

Dependent and independent verb forms, in Goidelic languages, distinct verb forms used either with a preceding particle, in the case of dependent forms, or

Logic [link]

Dependent type, in computer science and logic, a type which depends on a value

Mathematics [link]

Dependency relation, a type of binary relation in mathematics and computer science.
Dependent and independent variables, in mathematics, the variable that is dependent on the independent variable

Medicine [link]

Dependence (behavioral medicine), a continuum of physical and psychological attachments related to the concept of behavioral addiction

Politics [link]

Dependent territory, a classification of territory, especially a region that is not a sovereign state, but the possession of such

without one, in the case of independent forms

Psychology [link]

Codependence, a pattern of detrimental, behavioral interactions within a dysfunctional relationship
Dependency need, the real need of the organism, or something that individuals can not provide for themselves
Dependent personality disorder, a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people
Substance dependence, a need for a substance so strong that it becomes necessary to have this substance to function properly

Music [link]

dependent (record label), a German independent record label that focuses on aggrotech, electro-industrial and futurepop music
Dependent Music, an independent Canadian record label, owned and operated by the artists that were a part of the collective

Religion [link]

Among monastic orders, the term denotes the relation of a monastic community with a newer community which it has established elsewhere. The relationship can be that of an abbey with a priory composed of the monks who originated from the first house. In that situation, the abbot remains the ultimate authority for the affairs of the dependent priory, which is considered an extension of the founding house. This relationship will end at such time as the daughter community might become fully autonomous and an abbey in its own right.

Smaller monasteries of nuns within a monastic congregation can make a bond with a monastery of monks within the same division of the Order, whereby the two are affiliated, and the monks guarantee pastoral care of the nuns. In this sense, the women's house is considered a dependency on that of the men.

Technologies [link]

Dependency (project management), a link amongst a project's terminal elements

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

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This article is about the guitarist. For the band, see The Jimi Hendrix Experience. "James Hendrix" redirects here. For the American soldier, see James R. Hendrix.

Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix performing for Dutch television in 1967
Background information
Birth name	Johnny Allen Hendrix
Born	(1942-11-27)November 27, 1942 Seattle, Washington, US
Died	September 18, 1970(1970-09-18) (aged 27) Kensington, London, England
Genres	Psychedelic rock, hard rock, heavy metal, blues rock, acid rock
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, musician, producer, recording studio entrepreneur
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, bass, keyboards, percussion
Years active	1963–1970
Labels	RSVP, Track, Barclay, Polydor, Reprise, Capitol, MCA
Associated acts	Little Richard, The Isley Brothers, The Blue Flame, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Gypsy Sun and Rainbows, Band of Gypsys, Curtis Knight
Website	www.jimihendrix.com
Notable instruments
Fender Stratocaster Jimi Hendrix's Signature

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942^[1]^[2] – September 18, 1970) was an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is widely considered to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history,^[3]^[4]^[5] and one of the most influential musicians of his era despite mainstream exposure limited to just three years.^[6]^[7]^[8] After initial success in Europe with his group The Jimi Hendrix Experience, he achieved fame in the United States following his 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. Later, he headlined the iconic 1969 Woodstock Festival and the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival. He often favored raw overdriven amplifiers with high gain and treble and helped develop the previously undesirable technique of guitar amplifier feedback.^[9]

Hendrix helped to popularize use of the wah-wah pedal in mainstream rock, which he often used to deliver tonal exaggerations in his solos, particularly with high bends, complex guitar playing, and use of legato. As a record producer, he also broke new ground in using the recording studio as an extension of his musical ideas. He was one of the first to experiment with stereophonic phasing effects for rock recording.^{[citation needed]} He was influenced by blues artists such as B.B. King, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Albert King and Elmore James,^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] rhythm and blues and soul guitarists Curtis Mayfield and Steve Cropper, and the jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery. Hendrix began dressing and wearing a moustache like Little Richard when he performed and recorded in his band from March 1, 1964 through to the spring of 1965.^[14]^[15]^[16] In 1966, he stated, "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice".^[17]

Hendrix won several prestigious rock music awards during his lifetime, and many more posthumously. He was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. An English Heritage blue plaque was erected in his name on his former residence at Brook Street, London, in September 1997. A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was dedicated in 1994. In 2006, his debut US album, Are You Experienced, was inducted into the United States National Recording Registry, and Rolling Stone named Hendrix the top guitarist on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all-time in 2003.^[18]

1 Early life
- 1.1 First guitar
- 1.2 In the Army
2 Career
3 Death
- 3.1 Allegations of murder
4 Fashion
5 Drug use and women
6 Gravesite
7 Recordings
8 Unfinished work and posthumous releases
9 Legacy
10 Electric church
11 Discography
12 See also
13 References
14 External links

Early life [link]

He was born Johnny Allen Hendrix on November 27, 1942, in Seattle, Washington, the first of five children to James Allen "Al" Hendrix^[19] (June 10, 1919, Vancouver, British Columbia – April 17, 2002, Renton, Washington) and Lucille Jeter (October 12, 1925, Seattle, Washington – February 2, 1958, Renton, Washington).^[20]

Hendrix's ancestry was of mixed African American, European, and Native American origin. His paternal great grandfather was Bertran Philander Ross, a wealthy white grain dealer from Urbana, Ohio, who was of Irish, German, and English descent. Out of wedlock, Bertran Philander Ross and his slave Fanny Hendricks produced Jimi's paternal grandfather Ross Hendricks (Hendrix).^[21] Jimi Hendrix was part Cherokee,^[22] his paternal great-great grandmother being a Cherokee from Georgia.^[23] His parents met at a dance in Seattle in 1941 when Lucille Jeter was 16. When she married Al Hendrix the next year, on March 13, 1942, she was pregnant. Since Al had been drafted into the United States Army due to World War II, he was shipped out three days later.^[24]^[25] Al Hendrix completed his basic training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, but was stationed in Alabama when his son was born. Because the commanding officer believed that he would go AWOL to Seattle in order to visit his new son, he was locked up in the stockade as a preventative measure, where he remained to receive the telegram informing him of his son's birth.^[26] The baby that would grow up to become the guitarist Jimi Hendrix was born to a father who had six fingers on each hand.^[27] Al Hendrix spent the war in the South Pacific Theater mostly in Fiji.^[28] During the three years that he was away, Lucille struggled with raising her infant son who was neglected in favor of the nightlife scene.^[29] Thus Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and others during this period.

His father received an honorable discharge from the U.S. Army on September 1, 1945, and retrieved his son from a woman who was caring for him in Berkeley. Al legally changed his son's name to James Marshall Hendrix in memory of his late brother, Leon Marshall Hendrix.^[30]^[31] He was known as "Buster" to friends and family, from birth.^[32] After his return, Al reunited with Lucille. He found it difficult to gain steady employment after the Second World War, and the family was impoverished. Like Lucille, Al also struggled with alcohol and the couple had frequent fights. At one point a pimp named John Page who had a history with Lucille even tried to commandeer her out of a movie theater while she was with Al. Al objected and a fight ensued, spilling out into the street. Al had been an amateur boxer and stunned the pimp with a first punch, eventually winning the brawl and they never saw the pimp again.^[33]

During the early years of Hendrix's life, the turmoil caused by his parent's fighting would sometimes cause him to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home.^[33] They moved often, staying in cheap hotels and apartments around Seattle. Throughout his childhood Hendrix would periodically be dropped off to be cared for by relatives. This all left an imprint on him as a small child which would remain with him the rest of his life.^[34] In addition to the instability of his home life, Hendrix in later years confided to two different girlfriends that he had been the victim of sexual abuse, although he never elaborated. In one instance while he was living in Harlem, Hendrix broke down crying as his girlfriend related the sexual abuse she had suffered as a child, telling her that the same thing had happened to him.^[35]

Hendrix had two brothers, Leon and Joseph, and two sisters, Kathy and Pamela. Joseph was born with physical difficulties and was placed in foster care at age three. His two sisters were also both placed in foster care at a young age. Kathy was born blind and Pamela suffered lesser physical difficulties.

On December 17, 1951, when Hendrix was nine years old, his parents divorced. His mother developed cirrhosis of the liver and died on February 2, 1958, when the state of her liver caused her spleen to rupture.^[36] On occasion, he was placed in the care of his paternal grandmother in Vancouver, British Columbia because of the unstable household, and his brother Leon was placed in foster care temporarily.^[37] Hendrix was a shy and sensitive boy, deeply affected by the poverty and family disruption he experienced at a young age. Unusual for his era, Hendrix's high school had a relatively even ethnic mix of African, European, and Asian Americans.^[38]

First guitar [link]

At age 15, around the time his mother died, he acquired his first acoustic guitar for US$5 from an acquaintance of his father. This guitar replaced both the broomstick he had been strumming in imitation, and a ukulele which his father had found while cleaning a garage.^[39]^[40]^[41] Hendrix learned to play by practicing for several hours a day, watching others play, getting tips from more experienced players, and listening to records. In mid-1959, his father bought Hendrix a white Supro Ozark, his first electric guitar, but there was no available amplifier. According to fellow Seattle bandmates, he learned most of his acrobatic stage moves, a major part of the blues/R&B tradition, including playing with his teeth and behind his back, from a fellow young musician, Raleigh "Butch" Snipes, guitarist with local band The Sharps. Hendrix himself performed Chuck Berry's trademark "duck walk" on occasion.^[42] Hendrix played in a couple of local bands, occasionally playing outlying gigs in Washington State and at least once over the border in Vancouver, British Columbia.^[43]

Hendrix was particularly fond of Elvis Presley, whom he saw perform in Seattle in 1957.^[44] Leon Hendrix claimed in an early interview that Little Richard appeared in his Central District neighborhood and shook hands with his brother, Jimi. This is unattested elsewhere and vehemently denied by his father.^[30] He also claimed that Richard was visiting his mother there at the time, when Richard's mother actually lived in Los Angeles. Hendrix's early exposure to blues music came from listening to records by Muddy Waters and B.B. King which his father owned.^[45] Another early impression came from the 1954 western Johnny Guitar, in which the hero carries no gun but instead wears a guitar slung behind his back.

Hendrix's first gig was with an unnamed band in the basement of a synagogue, Seattle's Temple De Hirsch. After too much wild playing and showing off, he was fired between sets. The first formal band he played in was The Velvetones, who performed regularly at the Yesler Terrace Neighborhood House without pay. He later joined the Rocking Kings, who played professionally at such venues as the Birdland. When his guitar was stolen (after he left it backstage overnight), Al bought him a white Silvertone Danelectro. He painted it red and had "Betty Jean" emblazoned on it—the name of his high school girlfriend.

Hendrix completed junior high at Washington Junior High School with little trouble but did not graduate from Garfield High School. Later he was awarded an honorary diploma, and in the 1990s a bust of him was placed in the school library. After he became famous in the late 1960s, Hendrix told reporters that he had been expelled from Garfield by racist faculty for holding hands with a white girlfriend in study hall. Principal Frank Hanawalt says that it was due to poor grades and attendance problems.^[46]

In the Army [link]

Hendrix got into trouble with the law twice for riding in stolen cars. He was given a choice between spending two years in prison or joining the Army. Hendrix chose the latter and enlisted on May 31, 1961. After completing basic training at Fort Ord near Monterey in California, he was assigned to the 101st Airborne Division and stationed in Fort Campbell, Kentucky. His commanding officers and fellow soldiers considered him to be a subpar soldier: he slept while on duty, had little regard for regulations, required constant supervision, and showed no skill as a marksman. For these reasons, his commanding officers submitted a request that Hendrix be discharged from the military after he had served only one year. Hendrix did not object when the opportunity to leave arose.^[47] He would later tell reporters that he received a medical discharge after breaking his ankle during his 26th parachute jump. The rock music journalist Charles Cross contended in his biography of Hendrix, Room Full of Mirrors (2005) that Hendrix feigned being homosexual—claiming to have fallen in love with a fellow soldier—in order to be discharged, but did not produce credible evidence to support this contention.

At the base recreation center, Hendrix met fellow soldier and bass player Billy Cox, and the two forged a loyal friendship that Hendrix would call upon from April 1969 until Billy's breakdown shortly before Hendrix's death. The two would often perform with other musicians at venues both on and off the base as a loosely organized band named the Casuals. As a celebrity in the UK, Hendrix mentioned his military service in three published interviews; one in 1967 for the film See My Music Talking (much later released under the title Experience), which was intended for TV to promote his recently released Axis: Bold as Love LP, in which he spoke very briefly of his first parachuting experience: "...once you get out there everything is so quiet, all you hear is the breezes-s-s-s..." This comment has later been used to claim that he was saying that this was one of the sources of his "spacy" guitar sound. The second and third mentions of his military experience were in interviews for Melody Maker in 1967 and 1969, where he spoke of his dislike of the army.^[48] In interviews in the US, Hendrix almost never mentioned it, and when Dick Cavett brought it up in his TV interview, Hendrix's only response was to verify that he had been based at Fort Campbell.^[49]

Career [link]

Early career [link]

After his Army discharge, Hendrix and Army friend Billy Cox moved to nearby Clarksville, Tennessee and undertook in earnest to earn a living with their existing band. Hendrix had already seen Butch Snipes play with his teeth in Seattle and now Alphonso 'Baby Boo' Young the other guitarist in the band, was featuring this gimmick.^[50] Not to be upstaged, it was then that Hendrix learned to play with his teeth properly, according to Hendrix himself: "... the idea of doing that came to me in a town in Tennessee. Down there you have to play with your teeth or else you get shot. There's a trail of broken teeth all over the stage..."^[51] They played mainly in low-paying gigs at obscure venues. The band eventually moved to Nashville's Jefferson Street, the traditional heart of Nashville's black community and home to a lively rhythm and blues scene.^[52] After they moved to Nashville, upon learning there was already an established band by the name "The Casuals", they amended their name to the "King Kasuals".^[53] While in Nashville, according to Cox and Larry Lee—who replaced Alphonso Young on guitar—they were basically the house band at Club del Morocco.^[54] Hendrix and Cox shared a flat above Joyce's House of Glamor.^[55] Hendrix's girlfriend at this time was Joyce Lucas. Bill 'Hoss' Allen's memory of Hendrix's supposed participation in a session with Billy Cox in November 1962, in which he cut Hendrix's contribution due to his over-the-top playing, has now been called into question; a suggestion has been made that he may have confused this with a later 1965 session by Frank Howard and the Commanders in which Hendrix participated.^[56]

In December 1962, Hendrix visited his relatives in Vancouver, Canada, where as a child he had sometimes lived with his grandmother. It has been claimed that while there, he performed with future members of the Motown band Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers, including Tommy Chong (of later Cheech & Chong fame).^[57] Chong, however, disputes this ever happened and that any such appearance is a product of Taylor's "imagination".^[58] In early 1963, Hendrix returned to the South. For the next two years, Hendrix made a living performing on a circuit of venues throughout the South catering to black audiences. These were venues affiliated with the Theater Owners' Booking Association (TOBA), sarcastically known as "Tough on Black Asses" because the audiences were very demanding. The TOBA circuit was also widely known as the Chitlin' Circuit. In addition to performing in his own band, Hendrix performed with Bob Fisher and the Bonnevilles,^[59] and in backing bands for various soul, R&B, and blues musicians, including Chuck Jackson, Slim Harpo, Tommy Tucker, Sam Cooke, and Jackie Wilson. The Chitlin' Circuit was where Hendrix refined his style.

Feeling he had artistically outgrown the circuit and frustrated at following the rules of bandleaders, Hendrix decided to try his luck in New York City and in January 1964 moved into the Hotel Theresa in Harlem,^[60] where he soon befriended Lithofayne Pridgeon (known as "Faye",^[61] who became his girlfriend) and the Allen twins, Arthur and Albert (now known as Taharqa and Tunde-Ra Aleem). The Allen twins became friends and kept Hendrix out of trouble in New York. The twins also performed as backup singers (under the name Ghetto Fighters) on some of his recordings, most notably the song "Freedom". Pridgeon, a Harlem native with connections throughout the area's music scene, provided Hendrix with shelter, support, and encouragement. In February 1964, Hendrix won first prize in the Apollo Theater amateur contest. Hoping to land a gig, Hendrix made the club circuit and sat in with various bands. Eventually, Hendrix was offered the guitarist position with The Isley Brothers' back-up band and he readily accepted.

First recordings [link]

Hendrix' first studio recording occurred in March 1964, when the Isley Brothers, with Hendrix as a member of the band, recorded the two-part single "Testify". Hendrix then went on tour with the Isley Brothers. "Testify" was released in June 1964, but did not make an impact on the charts. After touring as a member of the Isley Brothers until mid-late 1964,^[62]^[63]^[64]^[65]^[66]^[67] Hendrix grew dissatisfied and left the band in Nashville. There, he found work with the tour's MC "Gorgeous" George Odell.

On March 1, 1964, Hendrix (then calling himself Maurice James) began recording and performing with Little Richard.^[16] Hendrix would later (1966) say, "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice".^[68] During a stop in Los Angeles while touring with Little Richard in 1965, Hendrix played a session for Rosa Lee Brooks on her single "My Diary". This was his first recorded involvement with Arthur Lee of the band Love.^[69]^[70] While in L.A., he also played on the session for Little Richard's final single for Vee-Jay, "I Don't Know What You've Got, But It's Got Me".^[71] He later made his first recorded TV appearance on Nashville's Channel 5 Night Train with "The Royal Company" backing up "Buddy and Stacy" on "Shotgun".^[72] Hendrix clashed with Richard, over tardiness, wardrobe, and, above all, Hendrix's stage antics.^[71] On tour they shared billing a couple of times with Ike & Tina Turner. It has been suggested that Hendrix left Richard and played with the Turners briefly before returning to Richard, but there is no firm evidence to support this. Hendrix mentioned playing with them, and Ike Turner shortly before his death claimed that he did, but this is emphatically denied by Tina. Months later, he was either fired or he left after missing the tour bus in Washington, D.C.^[73] He then rejoined the Isley Brothers in the summer of 1965 and recorded a second single with them, "Move Over and Let Me Dance" backed with "Have You Ever Been Disappointed" (1965 Atlantic 45-2303).

Later in 1965, Hendrix joined a New York–based R&B band, Curtis Knight and the Squires, after meeting Knight in the lobby of the Hotel America, off Times Square, where both men were living at the time.^[74] He performed on and off with them for eight months.^[75] In October 1965, Hendrix recorded a single with Curtis Knight, "How Would You Feel" backed with "Welcome Home" (1966 RSVP 1120) and on October 15 he signed a three-year recording contract with entrepreneur Ed Chalpin, receiving 1% royalty. While the relationship with Chalpin was short-lived, his contract remained in force, which caused considerable problems for Hendrix later on in his career. The legal dispute has continued to the present day.^[76] (Several songs (and demos) from the 1965–1966 Curtis Knight recording sessions, deemed not worth releasing at the time, were marketed as "Jimi Hendrix" recordings after he became famous.)^[77] Aside from Curtis Knight and the Squires, Hendrix then toured for two months with Joey Dee and the Starliters.

In between performing with Curtis Knight in 1966, Hendrix toured and recorded with King Curtis. Hendrix recorded the two-part single "Help Me (Get the Feeling)" with Ray Sharpe and the King Curtis Orchestra (1966 Atco 45-6402) (the backing track was subsequently overdubbed by other vocalists with different lyrics and released as new songs).^[78] Later in 1966, Hendrix also recorded with Lonnie Youngblood, a saxophone player who occasionally performed with Curtis Knight. The sessions produced two singles for Youngblood: "Go Go Shoes"/"Go Go Place" (Fairmount F-1002) and "Soul Food (That's What I Like)"/"Goodbye Bessie Mae" (Fairmount F-1022). Additionally, singles for other artists came out of the sessions: The Icemen's "(My Girl) She's a Fox"/ "(I Wonder) What It Takes" (1966 SAMAR S-111) and Jimmy Norman's "You're Only Hurting Yourself"/"That Little Old Groove Maker" (1966 SAMAR S-112). As with the King Curtis recordings, backing tracks and alternate takes for the Youngblood sessions would be overdubbed and otherwise manipulated to create many "new" tracks.^[79] (Many Youngblood tracks without any Hendrix involvement would later be marketed as "Jimi Hendrix" recordings).^[80] Also around this time in 1966, Hendrix got his first composer credits for two instrumentals "Hornets Nest" and "Knock Yourself Out", released as a Curtis Knight and the Squires single (1966 RSVP 1124).^[81]

Hendrix, now going by the name Jimmy James, formed his own band, The Blue Flame, composed of Randy Palmer (bass), Danny Casey (drums), and a 15-year-old guitarist who played slide and rhythm named Randy Wolfe in June 1966.^[82]

Since there were two musicians named "Randy" in the group, Hendrix dubbed Wolfe "Randy California" (as he had recently moved from there to New York City) and Palmer (a Tejano) "Randy Texas". Randy California would later co-found the band Spirit with his stepfather, drummer Ed Cassidy. It was around this time that Hendrix's only daughter Tamika was conceived with Diana Carpenter (also known as Regina Jackson), a teenage runaway and prostitute that he briefly stayed with. Her claim has not been recognized by the US courts where, after death, she may not have a claim on his estate even if she could legally prove he was her father, unless recognized previously as such by him or the courts.^[83]

Hendrix and his new band played at several places in New York, but their primary venue was a residency at the Cafe Wha? on MacDougal Street in Greenwich Village. The street runs along "Washington (Square) Park" which appeared in at least two of Hendrix's songs. Their last concerts were at the Cafe au Go Go, as John Hammond Jr.'s backing group, billed as "The Blue Flame". Singer-guitarist Ellen McIlwaine and guitarist Jeff Baxter also claim to have briefly worked with Hendrix in this period.^[84]

The Jimi Hendrix Experience [link]

Main article: The Jimi Hendrix Experience

Early in 1966 at the Cheetah Club on Broadway at 53rd Street, Linda Keith, the girlfriend of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, befriended Hendrix and recommended him to Stones' manager Andrew Loog Oldham and later, producer Seymour Stein. Neither man took a liking to Hendrix's music, and they both passed. She then referred Hendrix to Chas Chandler, who was ending his tenure as bassist in The Animals and looking for talent to manage and produce. Chandler liked the song "Hey Joe" and was convinced he could create a hit single with the right artist.

The Jimi Hendrix Experience performing on Dutch television in 1967

Impressed with Hendrix's version, Chandler brought him to London in September 1966 and signed him to a management and production contract with himself and ex-Animals manager Michael Jeffery. It was Chandler who came up with the spelling change of "Jimmy" to "Jimi".^[85] Chandler then helped Hendrix form a new band, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, with guitarist-turned-bassist Noel Redding and drummer Mitch Mitchell, both English musicians.^[86] Shortly before the Experience was formed, Chandler introduced Hendrix to Brian Auger, Eric Burdon, Pete Townshend and to Eric Clapton, who had only recently helped put together Cream. At Chandler's request, Cream let Hendrix join them on stage for a jam. Hendrix performed two songs, one of which was the song "Killing Floor". Hendrix and Clapton remained friends up until Hendrix's death. The first night Hendrix arrived in London, he began a relationship with Kathy Etchingham that lasted until February 1969. She later wrote an autobiographical book about their relationship and the sixties London scene in general.^[87]

Hendrix sometimes had a camp sense of humour, specifically with the song "Purple Haze". A mondegreen had appeared, in which the line "'Scuse me while I kiss the sky" was misheard as "'Scuse me while I kiss this guy". In a few performances, Hendrix humorously used this, deliberately singing "kiss this guy" while pointing to Mitch or Noel, as he did at Monterey.^[88] In the Woodstock DVD he deliberately points to the sky at this point,^[89] to make it clear. A volume of misheard lyrics has been published, using this mondegreen itself as the title, with Hendrix on the cover.

UK success [link]

After his enthusiastically received performance at France's No. 1 venue, the Olympia theatre in Paris on the Johnny Hallyday tour, an on-stage jam with Cream, a showcase gig at the newly opened, pop-celebrity oriented nightclub Bag O'Nails and the all important appearances on the top UK TV pop shows Ready Steady Go! and the BBC's Top of the Pops, word of Hendrix spread throughout the London music community in late 1966. His showmanship and virtuosity made instant fans of reigning guitar heroes Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck, as well as Brian Jones and members of The Beatles and The Who, whose managers signed Hendrix to their new record label, Track Records.

Hendrix's first single was a cover of "Hey Joe", using Tim Rose's slower arrangement of the song including his addition of a female backing chorus. Backing this first 1966 "Experience" single was Hendrix's first songwriting effort, "Stone Free". Further success came in early 1967 with "Purple Haze" which featured the "Hendrix chord" and "The Wind Cries Mary". The three singles were all UK Top 10 hits and were also popular internationally including Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan (though failed to sell when released later in the US).

Onstage, Hendrix was also making an impression with sped up renderings of the B.B. King hit "Rock Me Baby" and Howlin' Wolf's hit "Killing Floor".

[edit] Are You Experienced

Main article: Are You Experienced

The first Jimi Hendrix Experience album, Are You Experienced, was released in the United Kingdom on May 12, 1967, and shortly thereafter internationally, outside of the United States and Canada. It contained none of the previously released (outside the United States and Canada) singles or their B sides ("Hey Joe"/"Stone Free", "Purple Haze"/"51st Anniversary" and "The Wind Cries Mary"/"Highway Chile"). Only The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band prevented Are You Experienced from reaching No. 1 on the UK charts.

At this time, the Experience extensively toured the United Kingdom and parts of Europe. This allowed Hendrix to develop his stage presence, which reached a high point on March 31, 1967, when, booked to appear as one of the opening acts on the Walker Brothers farewell tour, he set his guitar on fire at the end of his first performance, as a publicity stunt. This guitar has now been identified as the "Zappa guitar" (previously thought to have been from Miami), which has been partly refurbished.^{[clarification needed]} Later, as part of this press promotion campaign, there were articles about Rank Theatre management warning him to "tone down" his "suggestive" stage act, with Chandler stating that the group would not compromise regardless.^[90] On June 4, 1967, the Experience played their last show in England, at London's Saville Theatre, before heading off to America. The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper album had just been released on June 1 and two Beatles (Paul McCartney and George Harrison) were in attendance, along with a roll call of other UK rock stardom, including: Brian Epstein, Eric Clapton, Spencer Davis, Jack Bruce, and pop singer Lulu. Hendrix opened the show with his own rendering of "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", rehearsed only minutes before taking the stage, much to McCartney's astonishment and delight.^[91]

Hendrix on stage in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1967

While on tour in Sweden in 1967, Hendrix jammed with the duo Hansson & Karlsson, and later opened several concerts with their song "Tax Free", also recording a cover of it during the Electric Ladyland sessions.^[92] He played there frequently throughout his career, and his only son James Daniel Sundquist was born there in 1969 to a Swede, Eva Sundquist, recognized as such by the Swedish courts and paid a settlement by Experience Hendrix LLC.^[93] He wrote a poem to a woman there (probably Sundquist). Sundquist had sent Hendrix roses on each of his opening nights in Stockholm, and began – according to the Swedish courts – a sexual relationship from then until conceiving Daniel with him, after his third visit in January 1969. Hendrix also dedicated songs to the Swedish-based Vietnam deserters organization in 1969.^[94]

Months later, Reprise Records released the US and Canadian version of Are You Experienced with a new cover by Karl Ferris, removing "Red House", "Remember" and "Can You See Me" to make room for the first three single A-sides. Where the (Rest of the World) album kicked off with "Foxy Lady", the US and Canadian one started with "Purple Haze". Both versions offered a startling introduction to the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and the album was a blueprint for what had become possible on an electric guitar, basically recorded on four tracks, mixed into mono and only modified at this point by a "fuzz" pedal, reverb and a small bit of the experimental "Octavia" pedal on "Purple Haze", produced by Roger Mayer in consultation with Hendrix. A remix using the mostly mono backing tracks with the guitar and vocal overdubs separated and occasionally panned to create a stereo mix was also released, only in the US and Canada.

US success [link]

Although very popular in Europe at this time, The Jimi Hendrix Experience had yet to crack the United States.c Their first single there, "Hey Joe" c/w "51st Anniversary" (Reprise 0572, released May 1, 1967), failed to reach the Billboard chart.

Their chance came when Paul McCartney recommended the group to the organizers of the Monterey International Pop Festival. This proved to be a great opportunity for Hendrix, not only because of the large audience present at the event, but also because of the many journalists covering the event who wrote about him. The performances were filmed by D. A. Pennebaker and later shown in some movie theaters around the country in early 1969 as the concert documentary Monterey Pop, which immortalized Hendrix's iconic burning and smashing of his guitar at the finale of his performance.

The opening song was Hendrix's very fast arrangement of Howlin' Wolf's 1965 R&B hit "Killing Floor". He played this frequently from late 1965 through 1968, usually as the opener to his shows. The Monterey performance included an equally lively rendering of B.B. King's 1964 R&B hit "Rock Me Baby", Tim Rose's arrangement of "Hey Joe" and Bob Dylan's 1965 pop hit "Like a Rolling Stone". The set ended with The Troggs' "Wild Thing" and Hendrix repeating the act that had boosted his profile in the UK (and internationally) with him burning his guitar on stage,^[95] then smashing it to bits and tossing pieces out to the audience. This show finally brought Hendrix to the notice of the US public. A large chunk of this guitar was on display at the Experience Music Project in Seattle, along with the other psychedelically painted Stratocaster that Hendrix smashed (but did not burn) at his farewell concert in England before he left for the US and Monterey.

At the time Hendrix was playing sets in the Scene club in NYC in July 1967, he met Frank Zappa, whose Mothers of Invention were playing the adjacent Garrick Theater, and he was reportedly fascinated by Zappa's recently purchased wah-wah pedal.^[96] Hendrix immediately bought one from Manny's and starting using it right away on the sessions for both sides of his new single, and slightly later, on several jams recorded at Ed Chalpin's studio.^[97]

Following the festival, the Experience played a series of concerts at Bill Graham's Fillmore replacing the original headliners Jefferson Airplane at the top of the bill. It was at this time that Hendrix became acquainted with future musical collaborator Stephen Stills, and reacquainted himself with Buddy Miles who introduced Hendrix to his future partner, Devon Wilson. She had a turbulent on/off relationship with him, right up to the night of his death, and was the only one of his partners to record with him. She died only six months after Hendrix under mysterious circumstances, apparently falling from an upper window in the Chelsea Hotel.

Following this very successful West Coast introduction, which also included two open air concerts (one of them a free concert in the "panhandle" of Golden Gate Park) and a concert at the Whisky a Go Go, they were booked as one of the opening acts for pop group The Monkees on their first American tour. The Monkees asked for Hendrix because they were fans,^[98] but their (mostly early teens) audience sometimes did not warm to their act, and he quit the tour after a few dates. Chas Chandler later admitted that being thrown off the Monkees tour was engineered to gain maximum media impact and publicity for Hendrix,^[99] similar to that gained from the manufactured Rank Theatre's indecency dispute on the earlier UK Walker Brothers tour. At the time, a story circulated claiming that Hendrix was removed from the tour because of complaints made by the Daughters of the American Revolution that his stage conduct was "lewd and indecent". This report was concocted by a journalist accompanying the tour, the Australian Lillian Roxon.

Meanwhile in Western Europe, where Hendrix was appreciated for his authentic blues as well as his hit singles and recognized for his avant-garde musical ideas, his wild-man image and musical gimmickry (such as playing the guitar with his teeth and behind his back) had faded; but they later plagued him in the US following Monterey. He became frustrated by the US media and audience when they concentrated on his stage tricks and best known songs.

[edit] Axis: Bold as Love

Main article: Axis: Bold as Love

The Jimi Hendrix Experience's second 1967 album, Axis: Bold as Love was his first recording made for stereo release and used panning and other stereo effects. It continued the style established by Are You Experienced. The opening track, "EXP", featured a stereo effect in which a sound emanating from Hendrix's guitar appeared to revolve around the listener, fading out into the distance from the right channel, then returning in on the left. This album marked the first time Hendrix recorded the whole album with his guitar tuned down one half-step, to E♭, which he used exclusively thereafter and was his first to feature the wah-wah pedal. A mishap almost delayed the album's pre-Christmas release: Hendrix lost the master tape of side one of the LP, leaving it in the back seat of a London taxi. With the release deadline looming, Hendrix, Chas Chandler and engineer Eddie Kramer had to remix most of side one in an overnight session, but they could not match the lost mix of "If 6 Was 9". They soon learned that bassist Noel Redding had a tape recording of this mix. The tape had to be smoothed out as it had gotten wrinkled.^[100] Hendrix was disappointed that the album had to be finished so quickly and felt it could have been better, given more time. He was also somewhat disappointed in the album cover art work, which depicts Hendrix and his Experience bandmates as the various forms of Vishnu, incorporating a painting of them by Roger Law (from a photo-portrait by Karl Ferris). Hendrix remarked that it would have been more appropriate if the cover had highlighted his American Indian heritage.^[101]

The album was released in the UK near the end of their first headlining tour there, after which the pace slowed briefly during the Christmas holidays. In January 1968 the group went to Sweden for a short tour, and after the first show Hendrix, reportedly after drinking and according to Hendrix his drink being spiked, went berserk and smashed up his hotel room in a rage, injuring his hand and culminating in his arrest. Then on the 6th in Denmark his famous hat was stolen.^[102] The rest of the tour was uneventful, though Hendrix had to spend some time in Sweden waiting for his trial and eventual large fine.^[103]

[edit] Electric Ladyland

Main article: Electric Ladyland

Hendrix's third recording, the double album Electric Ladyland (1968), was a departure from previous efforts. Following his third and penultimate French concert at the Paris Olympia, Hendrix flew to the US to start his first tour there, and after two months returned to his Electric Ladyland project at the newly opened Record Plant Studios with engineers Eddie Kramer and Gary Kellgren and initially Chas Chandler as producer.

As the album's recording progressed, Chas Chandler became so frustrated with Hendrix's perfectionism and with various friends and guests milling about the studio that he decided to sever his professional relationship with Hendrix. Chandler's departure had a clear impact on the artistic direction that the recording took.

Hendrix began experimenting with different combinations of musicians and instruments, and modern electronic effects. For example, Dave Mason, Chris Wood, and Steve Winwood from the band Traffic, drummer Buddy Miles and former Bob Dylan organist Al Kooper, among others, were involved in the recording sessions. He described how Hendrix went from a disciplined recording regimen to an erratic schedule, which often saw him beginning recording sessions in the middle of the night and with any number of guests.

Chandler also expressed exasperation at the number of times Hendrix would insist on rerecording particular tracks; the song "Gypsy Eyes" was reportedly recorded 43 times. This was also frustrating for bassist Noel Redding, who would often leave the studio to calm himself, only to return and find that Hendrix had recorded the bass parts himself during Redding's absence.

Electric Ladyland includes "Voodoo Chile (Slight Return)" as well as Hendrix's rendering of Bob Dylan's "All Along the Watchtower".^[86]

Throughout the four years of his fame, Hendrix often appeared at impromptu jams with various musicians, such as B.B. King.^[104] In March 1968, Jim Morrison of The Doors joined Hendrix onstage at New York's Scene Club. Albums of this Electric Ladyland-era bootleg recording were released under various titles, some falsely claiming the presence of Johnny Winter, who has denied, several times, being a participant at that jam session, and to ever having met Morrison.^[105]

Breakup of Jimi Hendrix Experience [link]

After a year based in the US, Hendrix temporarily moved back to London and into his girlfriend Kathy Etchingham's rented Brook Street flat, next door to the Handel House Museum, in the West End of London. During this time The Jimi Hendrix Experience toured Scandinavia, Germany, and included a final French concert. They later performed two sold-out concerts at London's Royal Albert Hall on February 18 and 24, 1969, which were the last European appearances of this line-up of the Jimi Hendrix Experience. A Gold and Goldstein-produced film titled Experience was also recorded at these two shows, which, according to Experience Hendrix LLC, "Elements of these recordings are sure to be utilized when the official release of this material is finally made".^[106]

Noel Redding felt increasingly frustrated by the fact that he was not playing his original and favored instrument, the guitar. In 1968, he decided to form his own band, Fat Mattress, which would sometimes open for the Experience (Hendrix would jokingly refer to them as "Thin Pillow").^{[citation needed]} Redding and Hendrix would begin seeing less and less of each other, which also had an effect in the studio, with Hendrix playing many of the bass parts on Electric Ladyland.

Fruitless recording sessions at Olympic in London; Olmstead and the Record Plant in New York that ended on April 9, which only produced a remake of "Stone Free" for a possible single release, were the last to feature Redding. Hendrix then flew Billy Cox to New York and started recording and rehearsing with him on April 21 as a replacement for Noel.^[107]

In a recorded interview by Nancy Carter on June 15 at his hotel in Los Angeles, Hendrix announced that he had been recording with Cox and that he would be replacing Noel as bass player in The Jimi Hendrix Experience.^[108]

The last Experience concert took place on June 29, 1969 at Barry Fey's Denver Pop Festival, a three-day event held at Denver's Mile High Stadium that was marked by police firing tear gas into the audience as they played "Voodoo Chile (Slight Return)". The band escaped from the venue in the back of a rental truck which was partly crushed by fans trying to escape the tear gas. The next day, Noel Redding announced that he had quit the Experience.^[109]

Gypsy Sun and Rainbows [link]

After the departure of Noel Redding from the group, Hendrix rented the eight-bedroom 'Ashokan House' in the hamlet of Boiceville^[110] near Woodstock in upstate New York, where he spent some time in mid-1969. Manager Michael Jeffery, who had a house in Woodstock, arranged the stay, with hopes that the respite would produce a new album. To replace Redding as bassist, Hendrix had been rehearsing and recording with Billy Cox, his old and trusted Army buddy, since at least April 21.^[111] Mitchell was unavailable to help fulfill Hendrix's commitments at this time, which include his first appearance on US TV – on the Dick Cavett show – where he was backed by the studio orchestra, and an appearance on The Tonight Show where he appeared with his new bass player Billy Cox, and session drummer Ed Shaughnessy sitting in for Mitchell.^[112]

Woodstock [link]

Main article: Woodstock

Jimi Hendrix Woodstock guitar

Hendrix was advertised to play the Woodstock Music Festival, along with many of the other biggest rock groups of the time. It was to take place on rented farmland in Upper State New York from August 15–18, 1969. Although Hendrix's music had been written for a power trio of guitar, bass, and drums, he wanted to expand his sound so he added rhythm guitarist Larry Lee (another old friend from his R&B days), and Juma Sultan and Jerry Velez to play congas. After drummer Mitch Mitchell arrived, this new lineup rehearsed for less than two weeks before the festival and according to Mitchell never really meshed. In addition, although Woodstock would become famous and mythologized through the documentary film of the same name, by the time of his performance, Hendrix had been up for three days, and his band was short on sleep as well, contributing a rawness to their filmed performance.^[113]^[114]

Before Hendrix even arrived at the festival he started to hear media reports that the crowds of kids showing up for the festival were swelling to biblical proportions, in addition to the emerging logistical problems being reported at the site. This gave Hendrix pause for concern since he did not like performing in front of very large crowds.^[115] Since he was considered an important draw for the festival, and because of his manager's negotiations, Hendrix was getting paid more than the other performers, (US$18,000, plus US$12,000 for rights to film him). As the scheduled time slot of Sunday night at midnight drew closer, Hendrix indicated that he would rather wait and close the show. A substantial rainstorm that day had delayed the schedule of performers, so when Hendrix insisted on being the closing headliner, it pushed back the time when they finally hit the stage – which ended up being 8:30 am Monday morning. The audience which had peaked at an estimated 400,000 people during the festival, was now reduced to about 30–40,000 by that point; many of whom merely waited to catch a glimpse of Hendrix before leaving during his show.^[115] This reflected the reality that by the third day attendees had been sleeping in muddy conditions with limited food.

Hendrix and his band were introduced by the festival MC, Chip Monck, as "The Jimi Hendrix Experience", but once on stage Hendrix clarified saying, "We decided to change the whole thing around and call it 'Gypsy Sun and Rainbows'. For short, it's nothin but a 'Band of Gypsys'"^[116] He then launched into a two hour set, the longest of his career. Hendrix started off with a new song, "Message to Love". (His Woodstock set consisting of new material, along with his well-known hits).

Hendrix's psychedelic rendition of the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" occurred about 3/4 into their set (after which he morphed into "Purple Haze"). The song had actually been part of his set for a year and he had already performed it on at least three different occasions. During the number, Hendrix used feedback and sustain on his guitar to recreate the sound of wails and falling rockets. Although pundits quickly branded the song as a political manifesto against the Vietnam War, Hendrix himself never explained its meaning other than to say at a press conference three weeks later, "We're all Americans. . .it was like 'Go America!'. . .We play it the way the air is in America today. The air is slightly static, see".^[117] The song would become "part of the sixties Zeitgeist" as it was captured forever in the Woodstock film;^[118] Hendrix's image performing this number during the day wearing a blue-beaded white leather jacket with fringe and a red head scarf, has since been regarded as a defining moment of the 1960s.^[115]^[119]^[120]

Hendrix performed "Hey Joe" as the encore to finish off their set which concluded the 3½ day Woodstock Music Festival. Upon leaving the stage, Hendrix collapsed from exhaustion.^[121]

After Woodstock, this particular lineup of the band appeared on only two more occasions. The first was a street benefit in Harlem where, in a scenario similar to the festival, most of the audience had left and only a fraction remained by the time Hendrix took the stage. Within seconds of Hendrix arriving at the site two youths had stolen his guitar from the back seat of his car, although it was later recovered. The band's only other appearance was at the Salvation club in Greenwich Village, New York. After some studio recordings, Hendrix disbanded the group. Some of this band's recordings can be heard on the MCA Records box set The Jimi Hendrix Experience and on South Saturn Delta. Their final work together was a session on September 6.^[122] Hendrix's September 9 appearance on TV's The Dick Cavett Show, backed by Cox, Mitchell and Juma Sultan, was credited as the "Jimi Hendrix Experience".^[123]

Band of Gypsys [link]

In 1967, a contractual dispute arose in relation to an agreement Hendrix had entered into with producer Ed Chalpin in 1965.^[124] The resolution for the dispute included Hendrix having to record an LP of new material for Chalpin company, which would not feature the Experience band, and would not be associated with the Experience band name. In addition, Chalpin was granted 2% of profits from Hendrix's back catalog sold in US. For the agreed upon album, Hendrix chose to record Band of Gypsys, a live album.^[125]

Along with Billy Cox and drummer Buddy Miles (formerly with Wilson Pickett and The Electric Flag) with whom he had been jamming together since September, Hendrix wrote and rehearsed material which they then performed at a series of four concerts over two nights, New Year's Eve and New Year's Day at Fillmore East. The second night produced the material for the Band Of Gypsys LP, which was produced by Hendrix (under the name "Heaven Research").^{[citation needed]}

The Band of Gypsys LP was the only official completely live LP released in Hendrix's lifetime. The band also released a single "Stepping Stone" which failed to sell, and recorded several studio songs slated for Hendrix's future LP. In 1999, the tapes from the four Fillmore concerts were remastered and additional tracks and edits were released as Live at the Fillmore East. Litigation with Chalpin ended in 2007 after the "singularly uncredible witness" was fined nearly US$900,000 for failure to abide by contractual limitations and failure to pay Experience Hendrix L.L.C. its court ordered royalties.

On January 26 and 27, 1970, Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding flew into New York and signed contracts with Jeffery for the upcoming Jimi Hendrix Experience tour. The next day, a second and final Band of Gypsys appearance occurred at a twelve-act show in Madison Square Garden which was a benefit for the anti-Vietnam War Moratorium Committee, titled the "Winter Festival for Peace". Similar to Woodstock, set delays forced Hendrix to take the stage at an inopportune 3 am, only this time he was obviously in no shape to play. He played "Who Knows" before snapping a vulgar response at a woman who shouted a request for "Foxy Lady". He played a second song, "Earth Blues", he then told the audience: "That's what happens when earth fucks with space—never forget that".^[126] He then sat down on the drum riser for a minute and then walked off stage. Various unverifiable assertions have been proffered to explain this bizarre scene. Buddy Miles claimed that manager Michael Jeffery dosed Hendrix with LSD in an effort to sabotage the current band and bring about the return of the Experience lineup,^[127] but none of Hendrix's other close associates verifies his statement.

Cry of Love tour [link]

A week after the botched Band of Gypsys show, Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding gave an interview to Rolling Stone for the upcoming tour dates as a reunited Jimi Hendrix Experience. But Redding never even got to rehearse, as Hendrix just continued to work with Billy Cox. Noel was not told he was not going to be playing until the pretour rehearsals. Fans refer to this final "Jimi Hendrix Experience" lineup as the "Cry of Love" band, named after The Cry of Love Tour to distinguish it from the original. Billy Cox has countered on several occasions that this lineup considered themselves "The Jimi Hendrix Experience" before they even went on tour and that any other title is bogus. All billing, adverts, tickets etc. on the tour used "Jimi Hendrix Experience" or occasionally, as previously, just "Jimi Hendrix".

Two of Hendrix's later recordings were the lead guitar parts on "Old Times Good Times" from Stephen Stills hit eponymous album (1970), and on "The Everlasting First" from Arthur Lee's new incarnation of Love, not so successful and aptly named LP False Start both tracks were recorded with these old friends on a fleeting and unexplained visit to London in March 1970, following Kathy Etchingham's marriage.^[128]

He spent the next four months of 1970 working on his next LP tentatively titled First Rays of the New Rising Sun, recording during the week and playing live on the weekends. The Cry of Love tour, launched that April at the L.A. Forum, was partly undertaken to earn money to repay the Warner Bros. loan for completing his Electric Lady Studios. Performances on this tour featured Hendrix, Cox, and Mitchell playing new material alongside older audience favorites. The American leg of the tour included 30 performances and ended at Honolulu, Hawaii on August 1, 1970. A number of these shows were recorded and produced some of Hendrix's most memorable live performances. At one of them, the Second Atlanta International Pop Festival (1970), on July 4, Hendrix played to the largest American audience of his career.^[129]

Electric Lady Studios [link]

In 1968, Hendrix and Jeffery had invested jointly in the purchase of the Generation Club in Greenwich Village. Their initial plans to reopen the club were scrapped when the pair decided that the investment would serve them much better as a recording studio. The studio fees for the lengthy Electric Ladyland sessions were astronomical, and Hendrix was constantly in search of a recording environment that suited him. In August 1970, Electric Lady Studios was opened in New York.

Designed by architect and acoustician John Storyk, the studio was made specifically for Hendrix, with round windows and a machine capable of generating ambient lighting in a myriad of colors. It was designed to have a relaxing feel to encourage Hendrix's creativity, but at the same time provide a professional recording atmosphere. Engineer Eddie Kramer upheld this by refusing to allow any drug use during session work.

Hendrix spent only two and a half months recording in Electric Lady, most of which took place while the final phases of construction were still ongoing. Following a recording/dubbing session on August 26, an opening party was held later that day.^[130] He then boarded an Air India flight for London with Billy Cox, joining Mitch Mitchell to perform at the Isle of Wight Festival.

European tour [link]

The group then commenced the European leg of the tour. Longing for his new studio and creative outlets, the tour was a commitment that Hendrix was not eager to perform. In Aarhus, Hendrix abandoned his show after only two songs, remarking: "I've been dead a long time". In the months before Hendrix's death, a British music paper alleged that Hendrix had plans to join the band Emerson, Lake & Palmer.^[131] On September 6, 1970, his final concert performance, Hendrix was greeted with some booing and jeering by fans at the Isle of Fehmarn Festival in Germany, due to his non-appearance at the end of the previous night's bill (due to the torrential rain and risk of electrocution). Several acts played after he left the stage; later, part of the stage was burnt during the first stage appearance of Ton Steine Scherben. Billy Cox quit the tour and headed home to Memphis, Tennessee, reportedly suffering paranoia after taking LSD or being given it unknowingly, earlier in the tour.^[132] A live recording of the concert was later released as Live at the Isle of Fehmarn.

Hendrix returned to London, where he reportedly spoke to Chas Chandler, Eric Burdon, and others about leaving his manager, Michael Jeffery. Hendrix's last public performance was an informal jam at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Soho with Burdon and his latest band, War. Much of this was recorded on a Sony cassette recorder by Bill Baker, of Shepherds Bush, London, then aged 20, who was present throughout the entire performance. Two Hendrix tracks from this recording, "Mother Earth" and "Tobacco Road", were later included, without permission from Baker, on a bootleg LP, Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?, produced in the mid-to-late 1970s, and on an audio tape of poor quality that went into circulation some years later. It was not until 2009, however, that the entire recording entered general circulation within the collecting community. This was remastered in California in December 2010 and includes tracks from the same night's performance by Eric Burdon's War. This is the last known recording of Jimi Hendrix, who died approximately 24 hours later.^[133]

Death [link]

The two buildings which composed the Samarkand Hotel. Hendrix died in one of the two basement apartments which were accessed from one of the two exterior steps in front of the buildings

Early on September 18, 1970, Jimi Hendrix died in London. He had spent the latter part of the previous evening at a party and was picked up at close to 3:00 by girlfriend Monika Dannemann and driven to her flat at the Samarkand Hotel, 22 Lansdowne Crescent, Notting Hill. From autopsy data and statements by friends about the evening of September 17, it has been estimated that he died sometime after 3:00, possibly before 4:00, but also possibly later, though no estimate was made at the autopsy, or inquest.^[134]

Dannemann claimed in her original testimony that after they returned to her lodgings the evening before, Hendrix, unknown to her, had taken nine of her prescribed Vesparax sleeping pills. The normal medical dose was a half to one tablet as stated in the literature, but Hendrix was unfamiliar with this very strong Belgian brand. According to surgeon John Bannister, the doctor who initially attended to him, Hendrix had asphyxiated in his own vomit, mainly red wine which had filled his airways.^[135] Bannister's statement was made in January 1992 to Harry Shapiro, co-author of Electric Gypsy, a book which also featured accusations of malpractice by Monika Dannemann in regards to Bannister's not performing a tracheotomy on Hendrix. He appears to have been using the amount of wine in his system as a reason for not performing a tracheotomy. He was reprimanded for two counts of medical malpractice, and struck off the medical register on April 28, 1992 for fraud.^[136] No one else at the time, the other two doctors, the ambulance men, or the police mentioned wine. The only mention of wine was by Monika much earlier, in Electric Gypsy (which Bannister had read), and that Hendrix had drunk some with food earlier that evening and also by Harvey at his, again, much earlier party, which were both several hours prior to death. The autopsy found very little alcohol in his system. The autopsy never mentioned wine, only vomited matter.^[137]

Until her death, Dannemann publicly claimed that she had only discovered that her lover had been sick at 11:00 am, but he was breathing, though unconscious and unresponsive (The ambulance was called at 11:18 and arrived 11:27). And that Hendrix was alive when placed in the back of the ambulance at approximately 11:30, and that she rode with him on the way to the hospital.^[138]

The ambulance crew later denied she was even there; additionally, Dannemann's comments about the timing of some events that morning often differed in places, varying from interview to interview.^[139]

Police and ambulance statements reveal that there was no one but Hendrix in the flat when they arrived at 11:27 am, and not only was he dead when they arrived on the scene, but was fully clothed and had been dead for some time.^[140]

Later, Dannemann claimed that former road managers Gerry Stickels and Eric Barrett had been present before the ambulance was called.^{[citation needed]} and had removed some of Hendrix's possessions, including some of his most recent messages. Lyrics written by Hendrix, which were found in the apartment, led Eric Burdon to make a premature announcement on the BBC-TV program 24 Hours that he believed Hendrix had committed suicide. Burdon often claimed he had been telephoned by Dannemann after she discovered that Hendrix failed to wake up.^[141]

In 1996, Monika Dannemann committed suicide shortly after being found guilty of contempt of court for repeating a libel against Kathy Etchingham, who had been a girlfriend of Hendrix in the 1960s.^[142]

Allegations of murder [link]

A former Animals "roadie", James "Tappy" Wright, published a book in May 2009 claiming Hendrix's manager, Mike Jeffery, admitted to him that he had Hendrix killed because the rock star wanted to end his management contract.^[143] John Bannister, one of the doctors who attended to him in 1970 stated in 2009 that it "sounded plausible".^[144] Bannister was struck off the Medical register in 1992 for fraud.^[144] In 2011 Bob Levine, Wright's long term business associate and Mike Jeffery's assistant manager in N.Y., said he knows that Wright made up these stories to sell his book, that Jeffery didn't have insurance on Hendrix, but that he merely countersigned the Warner Bros. policy that Warner's had taken out as standard practice.^[145]

"There was a freak storm across Mallorca and all the phone lines were down. Somebody told Mike that Jimi had been trying to phone him. The first call that got through was to say Jimi was dead. Mike was terribly upset at the thought of Jimi not being able to get through to him." – Trixie Sullivan, secretary/assistant for Mike Jeffery^[146]

Fashion [link]

A pair of Hendrix's bell-bottoms on display at the Hard Rock Cafe, Hollywood

Hendrix was well known for his unique sense of fashion and wardrobe and his Dylan-esque (c. 1966) hairstyle. A set of hair curlers was one of the few possessions that traveled with him to England when he was first discovered in 1966. When his first advance check arrived, Hendrix immediately took to the streets of London in search of clothing at famous boutiques like I Was Lord Kitchener's Valet and Granny Takes a Trip, both of which specialized in vintage fashion. He purchased at least two army dress uniform jackets including a (possibly antique) jacket styled in imitation of a Hussar's pelisse, adorned with tasseled ropes. A group of policemen once ordered him to remove the other, a Royal Veterinary Corps dress jacket, saying it was an offense to the men who had worn it.^[147]

Many photographs of Hendrix show him wearing various scarves, rings, medallions, and brooches, and in the early days occasionally badges (pins or buttons) that professed his support for the hippie movement or his fascination with Bob Dylan. He initially wore a dark suit and plain silk shirts that progressively became "louder" and more psychedelically patterned. He later favored a bright blue velvet suit, then a bright red one, antique military dress jackets, a very broadly striped suit, psychedelically patterned silk jackets, various exotic waistcoats and brightly colored flared trousers. At Monterey, he wore a hand-painted silk jacket by Chris Jagger (Mick Jagger's brother) and a bright pink feather boa. In late 1967 he started to wear a wide-brimmed Western style hat (brand name "The Westerner").^[148] It was adorned with a narrow purple band and various brooches, as shown in the original Jimi Plays Monterey film. This hat was stolen in 1968, and replaced later with another, crowned variously with a longer purple scarf, a star-like brooch in front and a set of silver bangles, sometimes with an angled feather, though he went hatless for protracted periods after this.

From late 1968 he began tying scarves to one leg and one arm, and in mid-1969 he gave up the hat for bandanas. He started wearing increasingly fantastic custom-made stage costume with long trailing sleeves, culminating in his African-styled "Fire Angel" outfit that he wore throughout most of his final "Cry Of Love" tour, until it began to come apart during the Isle of Wight concert. He appeared in this outfit only once more (in just the jacket) at the disastrous concert in Aarhus, Denmark. His only non-work-related vacation was a two-week trip to Morocco in July 1969 with friends Colette Mimram, Stella Benabou (the then-wife of producer Alan Douglas), and Deering Howe. Upon his return Hendrix decorated his Greenwich Village apartment with Moroccan objets d'art and fabrics. Mimram and Benabou created some of Hendrix's most memorable later attire, the shortened blue kimono-style jacket that he wore in three TV appearances and the white fringed jacket, ornamented with blue glass beads, he wore at the Woodstock Festival.^[149]

Drug use and women [link]

File:Jimihendrix1969mug.jpg

His arrest photo in Canada. He was subsequently acquitted of the drug possession charges.

Hendrix is widely known for and associated with the use of psychedelic drugs, most notably lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), as were many other famous musicians and celebrities of that time. He supposedly had never taken psychedelic drugs until the night he met Linda Keith, but had smoked cannabis and drank alcohol previously. Amphetamines are also recorded as being used by Hendrix during tours. Hendrix was notorious among friends and bandmates for sometimes becoming angry and violent when he drank too much alcohol.^[150] Kathy Etchingham spoke of an incident that took place in a London pub in which an intoxicated Hendrix beat her with a public telephone handset because he thought she was calling another man on the pay phone.^[151] Carmen Borrero, another girlfriend, says she required stitches after he hit her with a bottle after drinking and becoming jealous.^[152] Alcohol was also cited as the cause of Hendrix's 1968 rampage that badly damaged a Stockholm hotel room and led to his arrest. Paul Caruso's friendship with Hendrix ended in 1970 when Hendrix, while under the influence, punched him and accused him of stealing from him.^[153]

On May 3, 1969, while checking through Canadian customs at Toronto Pearson International Airport, Hendrix was arrested when small amounts of heroin and hashish were found in his luggage. After being released on a CAN$10,000 cash bail the same day, only four hours before his show was to begin, (and being required to appear in court at a later date), the Experience were able to play their concert at Maple Leaf Gardens. In his trial defense, Hendrix claimed that the drugs were slipped into his bag by a fan without his knowledge. He was acquitted.^[154]

By all accounts he had casual sex with many women.^[155]

Gravesite [link]

The original gravestone of Jimi Hendrix, incorporated into the granite base of his memorial on which it is intended that a large brass statue will be installed.

The memorial gravesite of Jimi Hendrix in Renton, Washington

Hendrix's body was returned to Seattle and he was interred in Greenwood Memorial Park, Renton, Washington. As the popularity of Hendrix and his music grew over the decades following his death, concerns began to mount over fans damaging the adjoining graves at Greenwood, and the growing, extended Hendrix family further prompted his father to create an expanded memorial site separate from other burial sites in the park. The memorial was announced in late 1999, but Al Hendrix's deteriorating health led to delays and he died two months before its scheduled completion in 2002. Later that year, the remains of Jimi Hendrix, his father Al Hendrix, and grandmother Nora Rose Moore Hendrix were moved to the new site. The headstone contains a depiction of a Fender Stratocaster guitar, the instrument he was most famous for using —– although the guitar is shown right-side up, rather than the way Hendrix played it, upside down (left-handed).

The memorial is a granite dome supported by three pillars under which Jimi Hendrix and other family members are interred. Hendrix's autograph is inscribed at the base of each pillar, while two stepped entrances and one ramped entrance provide access to the dome's center where the original Stratocaster adorned headstone has been incorporated into a statue pedestal. A granite sundial complete with brass gnomon adjoins the dome, along with over 50 family plots that surround the central structure, half of which are currently adorned with raised granite headstones.

To date,^[when?] the memorial remains incomplete: brass accents for the dome and a large brass statue of Hendrix were announced as being under construction in Italy, but since 2002 no information as to the status of the project has been revealed to the public. A memorial statue of Jimi playing a Stratocaster stands near the corner of Broadway and Pine Streets in Seattle.

In May 2006, the city of Seattle honored Hendrix with the renaming of a park near Seattle's Colman School in the Central District.^[156]

Recordings [link]

Hendrix's recordings were originally released in North America on Reprise Records (a division of Warner Communications) from 1967 until 1993 and were released internationally (outside of US and Canada) on Polydor Records. (Because it was recorded to settle a legal dispute, the Band of Gypsys album was released on Capitol Records in US and Canada.) British releases of all his albums up to and including The Cry Of Love were first issued on the independent label Track Records, which was originally created by the managers of The Who. The label was later absorbed by Polydor.

In 1994, the Hendrix family prevailed in its long standing legal attempt to gain control of Jimi's music, and subsequently licensed the recordings to MCA Records (later Universal Music) through the family-run company Experience Hendrix. In August 2009, Experience Hendrix announced that it had entered a new licensing agreement with Sony Music Entertainment's Legacy Recordings division which would take effect in 2010.

Unfinished work and posthumous releases [link]

Reports that Hendrix's tapes for a concept album Black Gold had been stolen and lost from the London flat, are incorrect. Hendrix gave those tapes to Mitch Mitchell at the Isle of Wight Festival three weeks prior to his death.^[157] They are now in the possession of Experience Hendrix LLC.

Hendrix's unfinished album was partly released as the 1971 title The Cry of Love. The album was well received and charted in several countries. However, the album's producers, Mitchell and Kramer, would later complain that they were unable to make use of all the tracks they wanted. This was due to some tracks being used for 1971's Rainbow Bridge and 1972's War Heroes for contractual reasons.

Material from The Cry of Love was rereleased in 1997 as First Rays of the New Rising Sun, along with the rest of the tracks that Mitchell and Kramer wanted to include.

Many of Hendrix's personal items, tapes, and many pages of lyrics and poems are now in the hands of private collectors and have attracted considerable sums at the occasional auctions.^[158] These materials surfaced after two employees, under the instructions of Mike Jeffery, removed items from Hendrix's Greenwich Village apartment following his death.

In 2010, Legacy Recordings and Experience Hendrix LLC launched the 2010 Jimi Hendrix Catalog Project, starting with the release of Valleys of Neptune in March.^[159] Legacy has also released deluxe CD/DVD editions of the Hendrix albums Are You Experienced, Axis: Bold As Love, Electric Ladyland and First Rays of the New Rising Sun, as well as the 1968 compilation album Smash Hits.^[159]

Legacy [link]

Musical [link]

Jimi Hendrix statue outside Dimbola Lodge

Hendrix synthesized many styles in creating his musical voice and his guitar style was unique, later to be abundantly imitated by others. Despite his hectic touring schedule and notorious perfectionism, he was a prolific recording artist and left behind more than 300 unreleased recordings.

His career and death grouped him with Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison and Brian Jones as one of the 27 Club, a group including iconic 1960s rock stars who suffered drug-related deaths at the age of 27 within a two year period, leaving legacies in death that have eclipsed the popularity and influence they experienced during their lifetimes.

Musically, Hendrix did much to further the development of the electric guitar's repertoire, establishing it as a unique sonic source, rather than merely an amplified version of the acoustic guitar. Likewise, his feedback, wah-wah and fuzz-laden soloing moved guitar distortion well beyond mere novelty, incorporating other effects pedals and units specifically designed for him by his sound technician Roger Mayer (such as the Octavia and Uni-Vibe) with dramatic results.

Hendrix affected popular music with similar profundity; along with earlier bands such as The Who and Cream, he established a sonically heavy yet technically proficient bent to rock music as a whole, significantly furthering the development of hard rock and paving the way for heavy metal. He took blues to another level. His music has also had a great influence on funk and the development of funk rock especially through the guitarists Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic, Prince, John Frusciante former member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Jesse Johnson of The Time. His influence even extends to many hip hop artists, including Questlove, Chuck D of Public Enemy, Ice-T (who covered "Hey Joe" with his heavy metal band Body Count), El-P and Wyclef Jean. Miles Davis was also deeply impressed by Hendrix and compared his improvisational skills with those of saxophonist John Coltrane,^[160] and Davis would later want guitarists in his bands to emulate Hendrix.^[161] Hendrix was ranked number 3 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock behind Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin.

Hendrix's guitar style also had significant influence upon ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons,^[162] fellow Texas guitar legend Stevie Ray Vaughan,^[163] and later on Metallica guitarist Kirk Hammett and Pearl Jam's Mike McCready, among others. Hendrix's influence is also evident in the musical styles of many prominent bassists such as Stanley Clarke,^[164] Jaco Pastorius,^[165] Billy Sheehan,^[166] and Les Claypool.^[167]

Hendrix was ranked number 3 on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of Rock N' Roll, behind the Rolling Stones and the Beatles. He has been voted by Rolling Stone, Guitar World, and a number of other magazines and polls as the best electric guitarist of all time. Conversely and with some modesty, Hendrix when asked in a Rolling Stone interview, "How does it feel to be the greatest guitarist in the world?", Hendrix replied, "I don't know, go ask Rory Gallagher."^[168]^[169]

In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him number 6 on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.

Guitar World's readers voted six of Hendrix's solos among the top "100 Greatest" of all time: "Purple Haze" (70), "The Star-Spangled Banner" (52), "Machine Gun" (32), "Little Wing" (18), "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" (11) and "All Along the Watchtower" (5).^[170]

In 1992, Hendrix was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Financial and legal [link]

When Al Hendrix died of congestive heart failure in 2002, his will stipulated that Experience Hendrix, LLC was to exist as a trust designed to distribute profits to a list of Hendrix family beneficiaries. Upon his death, it was revealed that Al had signed a revision to his will which removed Hendrix's brother Leon Hendrix as a beneficiary. A 2004 probate lawsuit merged Leon's challenge to the will with charges from other Hendrix family beneficiaries that Janie Hendrix, Al's adopted daughter, was improperly handling the company finances. The suit argued that Janie and a cousin of Jimi Hendrix (Robert Hendrix) paid themselves exorbitant salaries and covered their own mortgages and personal expenses from the company's coffers while the beneficiaries went without payment and the Hendrix gravesite in Renton went uncompleted.

Janie and Robert's defense was that the company was not profitable yet, and that their salary and benefits were justified given the work that they put into running the company. Leon charged that Janie bilked Al Hendrix, then old and frail, into signing the revised will, and sought to have the previous will reinstated.^[171] The defense argued that Al willingly removed Leon from his will because of Leon's problems with alcohol and gambling. In early 2005, presiding judge Jeffrey Ramsdell handed down a ruling that left the final will intact, but replaced Janie and Robert's role at the financial helm of Experience Hendrix with an independent trustee.

On October 5, 2011 the U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments in a case Golan v. Holder concerning the 1994 U.S. federal law that protected foreign copyrights. At stake in the outcome of this case is whether previously unprotected foreign works could be suddenly copyrighted and withdrawn from public domain. In a hypothetical argument Justice John Roberts asked "what about Jimi Hendrix?" and if Hendrix's rendition of the "Star Spangled Banner" at Woodstock violated copyright protection or was protected under public domain. Solicitor General Donald Verrilli, who defended the 1994 law, stated "maybe Jimi Hendrix could claim fair use".^[172] The music of the "Star Spangled Banner" was composed by an English musician, John Stafford Smith in the mid 1760s. The lyrics of the "Star Spangled Banner" were written by American Francis Scott Key in 1814 and the song became America's National anthem in 1931.^[173]

The Jimi Hendrix Foundation [link]

In 1987, Leon Hendrix commissioned the James (Jimi) Marshall Hendrix Foundation. This foundation is based in Renton, Washington. Though run for some time by Jimi's brother Leon Hendrix, in August 2006 Leon asked a childhood friend of Jimi Hendrix – James (Jimmy) Williams, to take control of the Foundation.^[174]

Guitar [link]

Fender Stratocaster [link]

Hendrix owned and used a variety of guitars during his career. However, his guitar of choice (and the instrument that became most associated with him), was the Fender Stratocaster. He started playing the model in 1966 and thereafter used it prevalently in his stage performances and recordings.

Hendrix bought many Stratocasters and gave some away as gifts. The original sunburst Stratocaster that Hendrix burnt at the Astoria in 1967, and that he kept as a souvenir, was given to Frank Zappa by a Hendrix roadie at the 1968 Miami Pop Festival; Zappa assumed it was the one Hendrix had played there.^[175]

Hendrix used right-handed guitars, turned upside down and restrung for left-hand playing.^[176] This had an important effect on his guitar sound: because of the slant of the Strat's bridge pickup, his lowest string had a bright sound while his highest string had a mellow sound, the opposite of the Stratocaster's intended design.^[177] Heavy use of the tremolo bar necessitated frequent tuning; Hendrix often asked the audience for a "minute to tune up", as heard on many live bootlegs of his performances.

In addition to Stratocasters, Hendrix was also photographed playing Fender Jazzmasters, Duosonics, two different Gibson Flying Vs, a Gibson Les Paul, three Gibson SGs, a Gretsch Corvette he used at the 1967 Curtis Knight sessions and miming with a right-strung Fender Jaguar on the Top of the Pops TV show, as well as several other brands.^[178] Hendrix borrowed a Fender Telecaster from Noel Redding to record "Hey Joe" and "Purple Haze",^[179] used a white Gibson SG Custom for his performances on The Dick Cavett Show in the summer of 1969, and the Isle of Wight film shows him playing his second Gibson Flying V. While Jimi had previously owned a Flying V that he had painted with a psychedelic design, the Flying V used at the Isle of Wight was a unique custom left-handed guitar with gold plated hardware, a bound fingerboard and "split-diamond" fret markers that were not found on other 1960s-era Flying Vs.

On December 4, 2006, one of Hendrix's 1968 Fender Stratocaster guitars with a sunburst design was sold at a Christie's auction for US$168,000.^[180]

Other instruments [link]

Hendrix owned a Coral electric sitar that later wound up in the possession of Peter Frampton, who used it on tour during David Bowie's 1987 world tour.^[181]

Amplifiers and effects [link]

Hendrix was a catalyst in the development of modern guitar effects pedals. His high volume and use of feedback required robust and powerful amplifiers. For the first few rehearsals he used Vox and Fender amplifiers. Sitting in with Cream, Hendrix played through a new range of high-powered guitar amps being made by London drummer turned audio engineer Jim Marshall, and they proved perfect for his needs. Along with the Stratocaster, the Marshall stack and amplifiers were crucial in shaping his heavily overdriven sound, enabling him to master the use of feedback as a musical effect, and he created a "definitive vocabulary for rock guitar".^[182]

While his mainstays were the Arbiter Fuzz Face and a Vox wah-wah pedal,^[182] Hendrix experimented with guitar effects as well. He had a fruitful association with engineer Roger Mayer who later went on to make the Axis fuzz unit, the Octavia octave doubler and several other devices based on units Mayer had created or tweaked for Hendrix. The Japanese-made Uni-Vibe, designed to simulate the modulation effects of the rotating Leslie speaker, provided a rich phasing sound with a speed control pedal, and is heard on the Band of Gypsys track "Machine Gun", which highlights use of the Uni-Vibe, Octavia and Fuzz Face.

The Hendrix sound combined high volume and high power, feedback manipulation, and a range of cutting-edge guitar effects. He was also known for his trick playing, which included playing with only his right (fretting) hand and using his teeth or playing behind his back and between his legs. Hendrix had large hands and characteristically used his thumb to fret bass notes, leaving his fingers free to play melodic lines on top. A clear demonstration of this thumb technique can be witnessed in the Woodstock video; during the song "Red House" there are closeups of Hendrix's fretting hand.

Electric church [link]

"Electric Church" was a quasi-spiritual belief that electric music brings out emotions and creative ideas in people, and encourages spirituality. It was popularized by Jimi Hendrix.

On the Dick Cavett Show in 1969, Hendrix said that he designed his music so that it would be able to go "inside the soul of the person, and awaken some kind of thing inside, because there are so many sleeping people". Promoting his third album Electric Ladyland, Jimi Hendrix said "the influence the psychedelics have on one is truly amazing, and I only wish more people appreciated this belief and genre". When asked why he didn't name the album "Electric Church" instead of "Electric Ladyland", Hendrix said some ladies were "electric too".^[183]

Hendrix made numerous allusions to the concept in his music, most famously in the song "Red House", in which he introduces his band by saying that he is about to present them all to the "Electric Church".

Band of Gypsys (1970) [recorded live]

References [link]

Notes

^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1990). Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-312-13062-7.
^ Jimi Hendrix, electric gypsy. Google Books. 1995. ISBN 978-0-312-13062-6. http://books.google.com/?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&pg=PA693&lpg=PA693&dq=jimi+hendrix+%22birth+certificate%22#v=onepage&q=jimi%20hendrix%20%22birth%20certificate%22&f=false. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
^ "Hendrix Voted World's Best Guitarist". Sky News. August 7, 2002. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/200806412071472. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
^ Bossy, Michel-André; Brothers, Thomas; McEnroe. John C. (2001). Artists, Writers, and Musicians: An Encyclopedia of People Who Changed the World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-57356-154-9. http://books.google.com/?id=r0SOzr_0Ya4C&pg=PA85&dq=Jimi+Hendrix+widely+considered.
^ Burrell, Ian (August 28, 2003). "Hendrix hits top note again as best guitarist in history". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/hendrix-hits-top-note-again-as-best-guitarist-in-history-537325.html. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
^ Kincheloe, Joe L.; Horn, Raymond A. (2008). The Praeger handbook of education and psychology. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 849. ISBN 978-0-313-34057-4. http://books.google.com/?id=ZDRUDrFdSIsC&pg=PA848&dq=Jimi+Hendrix+widely+considered.
^ "Jimi Hendrix". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/261208/Jimi-Hendrix. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
^ Shore, Robert (September 4, 2008). "Music extra: jazz". Metro.co.uk. Associated Newspapers Ltd. http://www.metro.co.uk/metrolife/294536-music-extra-jazz. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 92. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Egan, Sean (2002). "interview with Lonnie Youngblood". The Making of Are You Experienced. A Cappella books.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 39. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Blues CD, MCA, sleeve notes by Jeff Hannusch, p. 2.
^ A Film About Jimi Hendrix deluxe ed. DVD, Warner Bros. sp. feat: From The Ukelele to the Strat, Faye Pridgeon Interview.
^ White, Charles (2003), pp. 125–132. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
^ White (2003), pp. 249–51.
^ ^a ^b "Little Richard Timeline". Inductees. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://rockhall.com/inductees/little-richard/timeline/.
^ White (2003), p. 228.
^ "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Rolling Stone. August 27, 2003. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him number 6 on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.[4]
^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1990). Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy. St. Martin's Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 0-312-13062-7.
^ Steven Roby (2002). Black Gold: The Lost Archives of Jimi Hendrix. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7854-X.
^ The Blood of Entertainers: The Life and Times of Jimi Hendrix's Paternal Grandparents | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed
^ "Being and Belonging – Indivisble – African-Native American Lives in the Americas". National Museum of the American Indian. http://www.nmai.si.edu/exhibitions/indivisible/being.html. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1995 Updated edition). Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy. St. Martin's Press. pp. 5–6, 13.. ISBN 0-312-13062-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&lpg=PP1&dq=jimi%20hendrix&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1995 Updated edition). Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy. St. Martin's Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-312-13062-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&lpg=PP1&dq=jimi%20hendrix&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 20. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1995 Updated edition). Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy. St. Martin's Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-312-13062-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&lpg=PP1&dq=jimi%20hendrix&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 17. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 23. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. pp. 22–25. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ ^a ^b Hendrix, James A. (1999). My Son Jimi. AlJas Enterprises.
^ "Vital Event Index". BC Archives. http://search.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/sn-6BB6A4/query/Deaths/find-adv%2B%20place%3D(vancouver)%20AND%20surname%3D(hendrix)%20%2B%2B%2B%2B. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
^ Hendrix, James A. (1999). My Son Jimi. AlJas Enterprises. p. 50.
^ ^a ^b Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 32. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. pp. 32,179,308. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. pp. 50,127. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6. http://books.google.com/books?ei=tFq5T4LBNIGC2wXS46SpCQ&id=ZSgUAQAAIAAJ&dq=jimi+hendrix+room+full+of+mirrors&q=childhood+sexual+abuse..#search_anchor.
^ Shapiro, H. & Glebbeek , C; Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. pp. 33–41. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Willix, Mary (1995). Jimi Hendrix, Voices from home. Creative Forces. p. 167. ISBN 0-9645064-0-8.
^ Hopkins, Jerry (1983). The Jimi Hendrix Experience. pp. 36–37.
^ J. A. Hendrix, 1999, My Son Jimi, p. 113.
^ Shapiro, Harry (1983). Jimi Hendrix. Electric Gypsy. W. Heinemann Ltd.. pp. 28–29. ISBN 0-312-13062-7.
^ Willix, Mary (1995). Jimi Hendrix. Voices From Home. Creative Forces Pub.. pp. 57, 63, 95, 137. ISBN 0-9645064-0-8.
^ Hendrix, James A.; Jas Obrecht (1999). My Son Jimi. AlJas Enterprises. p. 122. ISBN 0-9667857-1-1.
^ Deloria, Philip (2002). "Voodoo Child: Jimi Hendrix and the Politics of Race in the Sixties". In Inglis, Ian; Doyle, Michael William. Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s. New York: Routledge. p. 192. ISBN 0-415-93039-1
^ J. A. Hendrix, 1999, My Son Jimi, p. 126.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. pp. 73–74. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ "Jimi's Private Parts". The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0803051jimi1.html.
^ Roby, Steven (2002). Black Gold. Billboard Books. p. 15. ISBN 0-8230-7854-X.
^ Dick Cavett (September 9, 1969). Jimi Hendrix. The Dick Cavett Show (DVD). Universal Island.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. p. 97. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Melody Maker, January 3, 1969
^ "Climbing Aboard 'Night Train to Nashville'". Country Music Television. 2004. http://www.cmt.com/artists/news/1485999/03262004/hendrix_jimi.jhtml.
^ Prato, Greg. "Billy Cox. Biography". Allmusicguide.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930035419/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p67012/biography. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
^ Woodstock DVD interview with Lee & Cox.
^ "A Film About Jimi Hendrix" DVD Cox interview.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. pp. 42–43. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 44. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Kayce, Aaron (2007). "Tommy Chong: From Guitar to Bong". Harp. HarpMagazine.com. http://www.harpmagazine.com/articles/detail.cfm?article_id=6162. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
^ Caesar Glebeek (2005). Uni-Vibes #5. Warner Brothers. pp. 4–5.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 50. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Joe Boyd (1973). A Film About Jimi Hendrix. Warner Brothers.
^ Shapiro 1991, p. 82.
^ Brown 1992, p. 29.
^ Black 1999, p. 33.
^ Roby 2002, p. 31.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 54. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie; Cox, Billy (2009). Ultimate Hendrix. Backbeat Books. p. 11. ISBN 0-87930-938-5.
^ White (2003), p. 132.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 55. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ 45 record label composer credit, My Diary by Arthur Lee, Revis Records, 1964.
^ ^a ^b Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. pp. 56–57. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Jimi Hendrix the studio log (2008 ed.) by Geldeart & Rodham, Jimpress, 2007, p. 21.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 57. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Shapiro and Glebeek, 1990, Electric Gypsy, p. 95.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. p. 120. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ "BLABBERMOUTH.NET – JIMI HENDRIX Litigation Results In Contempt Order, Judgment Payment". Roadrunnerrecords.com. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=70391. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
^ McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie; Cox, Billy (2009). Ultimate Hendrix. Backbeat Books. p. 15. ISBN 0-87930-938-5.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 69. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie; Cox, Billy (2009). Ultimate Hendrix. Backbeat Books. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-87930-938-5.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 71. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Gary Geldeart & Steve Rodham (2008). Jimi Hendrix The Studio Log. Jimpress. pp. 22–24.
^ Hendrix's band, The Blue Flame, came to be mistakenly labeled as Jimmy James and the Blue Flames after Hendrix's rise to fame. The misnomer was repeated enough times to be considered a factoid. The only surviving advert for the band, however, billed them as The Blue Flame. Hendrix himself referred to the band as The Blue Flame in his 1969 interview with Nancy Carter, as did John Hammond. Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 77. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Vic Lewin & Tony Brown. "Jimi's Kids". Members.tripod.com. http://wallyrus.tripod.com/JimisKids.html. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
^ Steve Roby (2002). Black Gold. billboard books. pp. 53–56.
^ "Jimi Hendrix Biography | The Official Jimi Hendrix Site". Jimihendrix.com. http://www.jimihendrix.com/us/jimi. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 53 – String Man. : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. Digital.library.unt.edu. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19835/m1/.
^ Kathy Etchingham and Andrew Crofts (1998). Through Gypsy Eyes. Orion.
^ American Landing DVD, Experience Hendrix, 2008.
^ Woodstock DVD, Experience Hendrix, 2005.
^ Melody Maker, (cover) 'Hendrix: 'Clean Act' Saturday April 8, 1967.
^ J McDemott with E Kramer (1992). Setting the record straight. Little Brown. p. 82.
^ "Sing Loffe Sing – The Curious Recording Career of Janne Carlsson". Vinyl Vulture. Archived from the original on December 31, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231164328/http://www.vinylvulture.co.uk/features/loffe.php.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. pp. 342–343. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Astro Man box set, Alchemy Records, 2003.
^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 47 – Sergeant Pepper at the Summit: The very best of a very good year. [Part 3] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. Digital.library.unt.edu. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19815/m1/.
^ Watson, Ben (1996). Frank Zappa: The Negative Dialectics of Poodle Play. St. Martin's Press. p. 88. ISBN 0-312-14124-6.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 177. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Potash, Chris (1996). The Jimi Hendrix Companion. Schirmer Books. p. 89.
^ McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie (1992). Hendrix, Setting The Record Straight. Grand Central Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 0-446-39431-9.
^ McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie; Cox, Billy (1995). Jimi Hendrix, Sessions. Little, Brown & Co.. pp. 45–46. ISBN 0-316-55546-0.
^ Jimpress edited by Steve Rodham, No. 65 1999, cover and p. 4.
^ Caesar Glebeek, Uni-Vibes, No. 24, 1996, p. 23.
^ Shapiro & Glebeek (1990). Electric Gypsy. William Heinemann Ltd.. pp. 238–240.
^ Glebbeek, Casar (May 5, 1994). "B.B. King On Jimi". Uni-Vibes No. 14. http://www.univibes.com/BBKing_on_Jimi.html. Retrieved September 22, 2010
^ Uni-Vibes No. 4, Caesar Glebeek, 1991, p. 30.
^ "Experience Hendrix – Letters & FAQs". http://www.jimihendrix.com/us/magazine/faqs/faqs%2C0041.html. Retrieved September 22, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
^ Gary Gealdart & Steve Rodham (2008). The Studio Log. p. 74.
^ Gary Gealdart & Steve Rodham (2008). From The Benjamin Franklin Studios Part 1. p. 318.
^ Bob Wyman. "Jimi Hendrix plays The Denver Pop Festival June 29, 1969". http://www.bobwyman.com/hendrix.html. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Caesar Glebbeek (2004). Uni-Vibes. p. 23.
^ Gary Geldeart & Steve Rodham (2008). The Studio Log (2008 ed). p. 74.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 191. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Keith Shadwick (2003). Jimi Hendrix Musician. Backbeat books, London. pp. 193–196. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. pp. 267–72. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Harry Shapiro; Caesar Glebbeek (1995). Jimi Hendrix, Electric Gypsy. Macmillan. pp. 384–85. ISBN 978-0-312-13062-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&pg=PA384. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 270. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 271. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Cross, p. 272
^ Daley, Mark (2006). "Land of the Free. Jimi Hendrix: Woodstock Festival, August 18, 1969". In Inglis, Ian. Performance And Popular Music: History, Place And Time. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. p. 57. ISBN 0-7546-4057-4
^ As a side note: In 2010, when a federal court of appeals decided on whether online sharing of a music recording constituted "performance", they cited Hendrix in their decision stating: "Jimmy Hendrix memorably (or not, depending on one's sensibility) offered a 'rendition' of the Star-Spangled Banner at Woodstock when he performed it aloud in 1969". United States v. ASCAP(In re Application of RealNetworks, Inc. and Yahoo! Inc.), 627 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. 2010).
^ Charles Cross (2005). Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, New York. p. 272. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ The Studio Log, Gary Geldeart & Steve Rodham.
^ DVD The Dick Cavett Show, Experience Hendrix.
^ Lawrence, Sharon (January 20, 2005). Jimi Hendrix: the man, the magic .... Google Books. ISBN 978-0-06-056299-1. http://books.google.com/?id=x6Rk7XPmUzYC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=%22ed+chalpin%22+hendrix&q=%22ed%20chalpin%22%20hendrix. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Oscar J. Jordan III. "Jimi Hendrix and The Band of Gypsys or That's What Happens When Earth Fucks With Space". Soul-Patrol.com. http://www.soul-patrol.com/funk/jh_bog.htm. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Roby, Steve (2002). Black Gold. Billboard Books. p. 159.
^ Roby, Steve (2002). Black Gold. Billboard Books. pp. 159–160.
^ Harry Shapiro & Caesar Glebbeek (1990). Electric Gypsy. p. 420.
^ Mankin, Bill (March 4, 2012). "We Can All Join In: How Rock Festivals Helped Change America". Like the Dew. http://likethedew.com/2012/03/04/we-can-all-join-in-how-rock-festivals-helped-change-america/. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
^ The Studio Log, Gary Geldeart & Steve Rodham 2008 ed. p. 110.
^ "Emerson, Lake & Palmer official website". emersonlakepalmer.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051224183052/http://www.emersonlakepalmer.com/bio.html. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 240. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
^ Interview With Bill Baker: Taper Of Ronnie Scott's Club Jam 9-17-70
^ Tony Brown (pub. =). Hendrix The Final Days. p. 164.
^ The Final Days, Tony Brown excerpt quoted in http://woodstockhendrix.gobot.com/about.html
^ The Supreme Court Of New South Wales Court Of Appeal (pub. = April 30,). Bannister V Walton. p. 1.
^ Tony Brown (pub. =). Hendrix The Final Days. pp. 158–161.
^ Tony Brown (pub. =). Hendrix The Final Days. p. 135.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. p. 334. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ Tony Brown (pub. =). Hendrix The Final Days. pp. 136–137.
^ Cross, Charles R. (2005). Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion Books. p. 335. ISBN 1-4013-0028-6.
^ "A rock legend unto herself". The Independent (UK). May 1, 1996. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/a-rock-legend-unto-herself-1345098.html. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
^ James Tapper (May 31, 2009). "Jimmy Hendrix 'was murdered' by his manager, claims roadie". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1189805/Hendrix-murdered-manager-claims-roadie.html.
^ ^a ^b Hoyle, Ben (July 20, 2009). "Doctor who tried to resuscitate Jimi Hendrix says murder claim plausible". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6719597.ece. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Bosso, Joe (May 26, 2011). ""Jimi Hendrix was not murdered by his manager" says former business partner". musicradar.com (Florida). http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/jimi-hendrix-wasnt-murdered-by-his-manager-says-former-business-partner-453035. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
^ Shapiro, H. & Glebbeek, C (1995). Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy. p. 468.
^ Etchingham, K. (1998). Through Gipsy Eyes. V. Gollancz. p. 71.
^ "EXHIBITIONS – Past Exhibitions". empsfm.org. http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?categoryID=20&ccID=50. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ A film about Jimi Hendrix, from the ukelele to the strat.
^ Jimi Hendrix, Electric Gypsy. Hienemann. 1990.
^ Through Gypsy Eyes. Orion. 1998.
^ Uni-Vibes No. 32 |C Glebeek. 1999.
^ Experience Hendrix Vol3 No. 6. 2000.
^ "Hollywood Most Wanted". hollywoodmostwanted.com. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080603074126/http://www.hollywoodmostwanted.com/jimihendrix.shtml. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Dennis Hall, Susan G. Hall (2006). "American icons: an encyclopedia of the people, places, and things that have shaped our culture". Greenwood Publishing Group. p.326. ISBN 0-275-98429-X
^ "Jimi Hendrix Park". City of Seattle. http://www.seattle.gov/parks/park_detail.asp?ID=3121. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
^ Benjamin Franklin studios, Appendix C, The Black Gold Suite.
^ Shapiro, Harry; Caesar Glebeek (1990). Electric Gypsy. Heinemann. p. 481.
^ ^a ^b Prince, David J. "Jimi Hendrix Explores New 'Valleys'". billboard.com. January 11, 2010.
^ Davis, Miles; with Quincy Troupe (1989). Miles. The Autobiography. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 282–283. ISBN 0-330-31382-7.
^ Davis, with Troupe (1989), Miles, pp. 319–320; 374.
^ "mobilemusicmachine.com". http://www.mobilemusicmachine.com/billy.jpg. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
^ Vaughn, Stevie Ray (May 1989). "Emotion, Fire, Light, and Heavy Things". Guitar Player. http://www.tangledupinblues.com/jimihendrix.html. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
^ Stanley Clarke | AllMusic
^ Jaco Pastorius | AllMusic
^ Billy Sheehan | AllMusic
^ Les Claypool | AllMusic
^ "Rory Gallagher – "Notes From San Francisco" (2CD)". Releases. Blues Magazine. http://www.bluesmagazine.nl/rory-gallagher-notes-from-san-francisco. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
^ "Second Life Belfast Rory Gallagher Tribute 14th June 2010". Anniversary Tribute. NBMC Media. http://www.nbmcmedia.com/rory.html. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
^ "100 Greatest Guitar Solos (11–20)". Guitar World. http://guitar.about.com/library/bl100greatest.htm. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
^ The Leon Hendrix Experience. Seattle Weekly. http://www.seattleweekly.com/2009-03-04/music/the-leon-hendrix-project/. Retrieved March 4, 2009
^ Bravin, Jess (Thursday, October 6, 2011). "Copyright Law Challenged". The Wall Street Journal: p. B12.
^ "John Stafford Smith: Composer of the Star Spangled Banner". http://www.visit-gloucestershire.co.uk/gloucester/smith.htm.
^ The Jimi Hendrix Foundation mission statement. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
^ Uni-Vibes No. 27. 1997. pp. 31–39
^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1990). Jimi Hendrix. Electric Gypsy. London: William Heinemann Ltd.. pp. 37–38. ISBN 0-434-69523-8
^ Wilson, Tom (November 13, 2004). "Seven Fender Stratocaster Models That Pay Tribute to Jimi Hendrix". Modern Guitars Magazine. http://www.modernguitars.com/archives/000039.html#tribute. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
^ Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Caesar (1990). Jimi Hendrix. Electric Gypsy. London: William Heinemann Ltd.. pp. 629–637. ISBN 0-434-69523-8
^ "Get That Tone: Are You Experienced era Jimi Hendrix". Gibson.com. June 24, 2008. http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/Features/getthattoneareyouexp/. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
^ "Hendrix guitar goes for $168K at auction". USA Today (AP). December 4, 2006. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-12-04-rock-auction_x.htm. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
^ Scott Isler, Musician Magazine, August 1987: p.70
^ ^a ^b Trynka, Paul (1996). Rock Hardware. Hal Leonard. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-87930-428-7. http://books.google.com/?id=HDrIjd5FQ8QC&pg=RA19. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
^ "Jimi Hendrix interview". Rolling Stone. March 12, 1968. http://www.rollingstone.com/archives/1968/mar12/hendrix014.html. Retrieved December 24, 2008. ^{[dead link]}

Further reading

Shapiro, Harry; Glebbeek, Cesar (1991). Jimi Hendrix – Electric Gypsy. St. Martin's Press. p. 722. ISBN 0-312-05861-6.
Brown, Tony (1992). Jimi Hendrix – A Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. p. 128. ISBN 0-7119-2761-8.
Black, Johnny (1999). Jimi Hendrix – The Ultimate Experience. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 256. ISBN 1-56025-240-5.
Roby, Steven (2002). Black Gold – The Lost Archives of Jimi Hendrix. Billboard Books. p. 278. ISBN 0-8230-7854-X.
Shadwick, Keith (2003). Jimi Hendrix, Musician. Backbeat Books. p. 256. ISBN 0-87930-764-1.
McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie (1992). Hendrix, Setting The Record Straight. Grand Central Publishing. p. 364. ISBN 0-446-39431-9.
McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie; Cox, Billy (2009). Ultimate Hendrix. Backbeat Books. p. 256. ISBN 0-87930-938-5.
McDermott, John; Kramer, Eddie; Cox, Billy (1995). Jimi Hendrix, Sessions. Little, Brown & Co.. p. 196. ISBN 0-316-87666-6.
Whitburn, Joel (1988). Top R&B Singles 1942–1988. Record Research, Inc. p. 613. ISBN 0-89820-068-7.
Charles R. Cross, Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix, 2005: ISBN 1-4013-0028-6
Gary Geldeart & Steve Rodham, "From The Benjamin Franklin Studios 3rd Edition Parts 1, 2 & 3" 2008
Curtis Knight, Jimi: An Intimate Biography of Jimi Hendrix, Praegar Publishers, New York, 1974. The book includes A Jimi Hendrix Discography, compiled by John McKellar.
John Kruth, Bright Moments: The Life & Legacy of Rahsaan Roland Kirk, 2004: ISBN 1-56649-105-3
Mark Lewisohn, The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, Hamlyn 1988: ISBN 0-600-61207-4. See pp. 164–5 re Apple recording studio.
Ken Matesich, Jimi Hendrix: A Discography, 1982
David Stubbs, Jimi Hendrix: Voodoo Child: The Stories Behind Every Song, 2003
Brad Tolinski and Ross Halfin, Classic Hendrix: The Ultimate Hendrix Experience, Genesis Publications 2004

External links [link]

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	Book: Jimi Hendrix
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Official website
The Jimi Hendrix Foundation
Jimi Hendrix at MySpace
Jimi Hendrix Exhibition – slideshow by The First Post
"Jimi Hendrix: 'You never told me he was that good'" Ed Vulliamy, The Guardian
Jimi Hendrix collected news and commentary at The New York Times
Works by or about Jimi Hendrix in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

v t e Jimi Hendrix and The Jimi Hendrix Experience

Noel Redding Mitch Mitchell Billy Cox Larry Lee Juma Sultan Jerry Velez Buddy Miles

Studio albums	Are You Experienced Axis: Bold as Love Electric Ladyland The Cry of Love Rainbow Bridge War Heroes Loose Ends Crash Landing Midnight Lightning Nine to the Universe

Live albums	Band of Gypsys Historic Performances Recorded at the Monterey International Pop Festival Experience Isle of Wight Hendrix in the West More Experience The Jimi Hendrix Concerts Jimi Plays Monterey Johnny B. Goode Band of Gypsys 2 Live at Winterland Bleeding Heart Woodstock Live at the Fillmore East Live at Woodstock Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight Live at Berkeley Live at Monterey Winterland

Compilations	Smash Hits Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix Musique Originale du Film Jimi Plays Berkeley Re-Experienced The Essential Jimi Hendrix The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two Stone Free The Singles Album Kiss the Sky Live & Unreleased: The Radio Show Cornerstones: 1967–1970 Lifelines: The Jimi Hendrix Story Sessions Footlights Stages The Ultimate Experience Blues South Saturn Delta Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix BBC Sessions The Jimi Hendrix Experience Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection The Singles Collection Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology Valleys of Neptune

Official bootlegs	Live at the Oakland Coliseum Live at Clark University Morning Symphony Ideas Live in Ottawa Baggy's Rehearsal Sessions Paris 1967/San Francisco 1968 Hear My Music Live at the Isle of Fehmarn Burning Desire Live in Paris & Ottawa 1968 Live at Woburn

Singles	"Hey Joe" "Purple Haze" "The Wind Cries Mary" "Burning of the Midnight Lamp" "Foxy Lady" "Up from the Skies" "All Along the Watchtower" "Crosstown Traffic" "Stone Free" "Fire" "Stepping Stone" "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" "No Such Animal" "Freedom" "Angel" "Gypsy Eyes" "Dolly Dagger" "Johnny B. Goode" (live) "Hear My Train a Comin'" "Day Tripper" "Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?" "Valleys of Neptune" "Bleeding Heart" "Love or Confusion" "Fire" "Like a Rolling Stone"

Songs	"1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)" "Are You Experienced?" "Bold as Love" "Castles Made of Sand" "Come On (Part 1)" "Ezy Ryder" "Have You Ever Been (To Electric Ladyland)" "Highway Chile" "I Don't Live Today" "If 6 Was 9" "Little Wing" "Lover Man" "Machine Gun" "Manic Depression" "My Friend" "Red House" "Spanish Castle Magic" "The Star-Spangled Banner" "The Stars That Play with Laughing Sam's Dice" "Third Stone from the Sun" "Voodoo Chile" "You Got Me Floatin'"

Related articles	Discography Posthumous discography An Illustrated Experience Black Gold The King Casuals The Blue Flame Chas Chandler The Cry of Love Tour Curtis Knight Dagger Records Electric Lady Studios The Jimi Hendrix Experience French Tour 1966 The Isley Brothers Michael Jeffery Monika Dannemann Karl Ferris Jimi Hendrix Rainbow Bridge Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix Power of Soul: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix

Book:Jimi Hendrix Category:Jimi Hendrix Portal:Rock and Roll

v t e Woodstock festival

Founders	Michael Lang John P. Roberts Joel Rosenman Artie Kornfeld

August 15, 1969	Richie Havens Sweetwater Bert Sommer Ravi Shankar Tim Hardin Melanie Safka Arlo Guthrie Joan Baez

August 16, 1969	Quill Country Joe McDonald John Sebastian Carlos Santana Keef Hartley The Incredible String Band Canned Heat Mountain Grateful Dead Creedence Clearwater Revival

August 17, 1969 August 18, 1969	Janis Joplin Sly & The Family Stone The Who Jefferson Airplane The Grease Band Joe Cocker Country Joe and the Fish Ten Years After The Band Blood, Sweat & Tears Johnny and Edgar Winter Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Paul Butterfield Blues Band Sha Na Na Jimi Hendrix

Related	Max Yasgur List of performances and events Taking Woodstock Woodstock (film)

Authority control: LCCN: n50027216 | WorldCat

Persondata
Name	Hendrix, James Marshall
Alternative names	Hendrix, Jimi
Short description	American rock musician
Date of birth	(1942-11-27)November 27, 1942
Place of birth	Seattle, Washington
Date of death	September 18, 1970(1970-09-18)
Place of death	London, England

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