WebCite is a service that archives web pages on demand. Authors can subsequently cite the archived web pages through WebCite, in addition to citing the original URL of the web page. Readers are able to retrieve the archived web pages indefinitely, without regard to whether the original web page is revised or removed (so-called link rot). Such archiving is especially important in the academic context. WebCite is a non-profit consortium supported by publishers and editors, and it can be used by individual authors and readers without charge. It is a member of International Internet Preservation Consortium.

Rather than relying on a web crawler which archives pages in a "random" fashion, WebCite users who want to cite web pages in a scholarly article can initiate the archiving process. They then cite—instead of or in addition to the original URL—a WebCite address, with an identifier that specifies a snapshot of the contents of the particular page they meant to cite.

One may archive all types of web content, including HTML web pages, PDF files, style sheets, JavaScript and digital images. WebCite also archives metadata about the collected resources such as access time, MIME type, and content length. This metadata is useful in establishing the authenticity and provenance of the archived collection.

History[link]

Conceived in 1997 by Gunther Eysenbach, WebCite was publicly described the following year when an article on Internet quality control declared that such a service could also measure the citation impact of web pages.^[2] In the same year, a pilot service was set up at the address webcite.net (see archived screenshots of that service at the Wayback Machine (archived February 3, 1999)). Shortly thereafter, Google and the Internet Archive entered the market, seemingly reducing the need for a service like WebCite.

The WebCite idea was revived in 2003, when a study published in the journal Science concluded that no appropriate and agreed-on archiving solution yet existed for publishing.^[3] Neither the Internet Archive nor Google allows for “on-demand” archiving by authors, and they do not have interfaces to scholarly journals and publishers to automate the archiving of cited links. By 2008, over 200 journals had begun routinely using WebCite.^[4]

WebCite is a member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium.^[5] It "feeds its content" to other digital preservation projects, including the Internet Archive.^[5] Lawrence Lessig, an American academic who writes extensively on copyright and technology, used WebCite in his amicus brief in the United States Supreme Court case of MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.^[6]

Copyright issues[link]

WebCite maintains the legal position that its archiving activities^[4] are allowed by the copyright doctrines of fair use and implied license.^[5] To support the fair use argument, WebCite notes that its archived copies are transformative, socially valuable for academic research, and not harmful to the market value of any copyrighted work.^[5] WebCite argues that caching and archiving web pages is not considered a copyright infringement when the archiver offers the copyright owner an opportunity to "opt-out" of the archive system, thus creating an implied license.^[5] To that end, WebCite will not archive Web sites in violation of "do-not-cache" and "no-archive" metadata, as well as robot exclusion standards, the absence of which creates an "implied license" for web archive services to preserve the content.^[5]

In a similar case involving Google's web caching activities, on January 19, 2006, the United States District Court for the District of Nevada agreed with that argument in the case of Field v. Google (CV-S-04-0413-RCJ-LRL), holding that fair use and an "implied license" meant that Google's caching of Web pages did not constitute copyright violation.^[5] The "implied license" referred to general Internet standards.^[5]

Process[link]

WebCite allows on-demand prospective archiving. It is not crawler-based; pages are only archived if the citing author or publisher requests it. No cached copy will appear in a WebCite search unless the author or another person has specifically cached it beforehand.

To initiate the caching and archiving of a page, an author may use WebCite's "archive" menu option or create a WebCite bookmarklet that will allow web surfers to cache pages just by clicking a button in their bookmarks folder.

One can retrieve or cite archived pages through a transparent format such as

http://webcitation.org/query?url=URL&date=DATE

where URL is the URL that was archived, and DATE indicates the caching date. For example,

http://webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMain_Page&date=2008-03-04

or the alternate short form http://webcitation.org/5W56XTY5h retrieves an archived copy of the URL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page that is closest to the date of March 4, 2008.

It is important to note that Webcite does not work for pages which contain a no-cache tag. WebCite respects the author's request to not have their web page cached.

You can archive a page simply loading a link like this in your browser:

http://webcitation.org/archive?url=urltoarchive&email=youremail

replacing urltoarchive with the full URL of the page to be archived, and youremail with your e-mail address.

Outages[link]

June–July 2009 outages[link]

In June 2009, attempts to create new citations failed. The project's creator wrote on June 19 that increased server load generated by Wikipedia's WebCiteBOT prompted migration of the service to a new server.^[7] By the end of June 2009, attempts to access the project's website returned a message that it was "undergoing maintenance", and previously archived links became inaccessible. The archiving service resumed operation by the second week of July 2009, and previously archived links became accessible again.^[8]

September 2011 outage[link]

On September 4, 2011 Gunther Eysenbach, owner of the "webcitation.org" domain, was notified that not only were new citation requests producing errors, but previous citations were failing as well. Subsequently the following message appeared on various WebCite pages:

Sep 6, 2011 - On Sep 3rd (just before the long labor day weekend), WebCite went down due to a hardware failure. While we are restoring the database from our backups, no new snapshots can be made, and old snapshots may be temporarily unavailable. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.

On September 11, 2011 at 7:38pm EST, WebCite appeared to be up-and-running again:

Sep 11, 2011 - We apologize for the recent outage following the week of Sep 3rd, 2011. WebCite went down due to a hardware failure, and restoring our huge database took a couple of days. Everything should be back to normal. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Business model[link]

The term WebCite is a registered trademark.^[9] WebCite does not charge individual users, journal editors and publishers^[10] any fee to use their service. WebCite earns revenue from publishers who want to "have their publications analyzed and cited webreferences archived",^[11] and accepts donations. Early support was from the University of Toronto.^[12]

See also[link]

Internet portal

• Digital preservation
• Uniform Resource Locator
• Wayback Machine
• Web archiving

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (February 2010)

Masood Akhtar is popular Pakistani singer. He has fan base stretching from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pashtun areas of Balochistan (Pakistan) to southern parts of Afghanistan, and has achieved much recognition. Masood sings in several languages: Pashto, Urdu, Hindko

Origin[link]

Masood was born in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. It was here that Masood developed his interest in music. He started singing at the age of 24 on Avt Kyyber.

Career[link]

Hailing from Mardan, the 26-year-old holds a degree in Economics from the University of Peshawar. He also started his career as a model from Peshawar seven years ago while he was a student. “I had always known that I would join showbiz. I wanted to test my talent and so I tried modeling, acting and singing in Urdu, Hindko and Pashto languages. Eventually I became an anchor for the live music countdown show, Khyber Beats on AVT Khyber.

He got his break from the Pashto song, Zama ashna razi written by Pashto poet and drama writer Muhibullah Shauk. The song remained on the programme’s top 10 charts for several weeks. Masood is surprised that although he had been singing Urdu songs on PTV and has been acting in tele films and dramas since 1999, he eventually got recognition through a Pashto song on a Pashto channel.

“There is a lot of potential in upcoming Pashto singers as musical trends are changing. Young singers are breaking away from the traditional way of singing and experimenting a great deal,” he says. But he says that personally he does not like to experiment much. “I am not in favour of remixes, as is the trend these days. I believe in originality; it is much more difficult and challenging for a singer to deliver something original and leave a long-lasting impression on the listeners.”

The growth of artistes had been stunted due to a ban on live music shows and a dearth of good music recording companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Masood believes that this has been the reason why many good Pashto singers remain unheard of to date. “Pushto music is rich and it only needs a good market to make a place for itself worldwide.” Earlier, classical Pashto singers with rich voices focused more on beautiful lyrics and music. But today, singers have to project their songs through music videos. The concept of music countdown shows and charts has also been introduced recently on Pashto channels. Masood believes that this is a positive change as well, as high quality music videos are being produced that will help Pashto singers access international audiences.

The singer’s real passion, however, remains acting and he wants to pursue it seriously as a career: “I have reached this conclusion after testing my potential in various avenues of showbiz.” He has worked for PTV producer Ijaz Ahmed Niazi in an Urdu telefilm, Naqsh-i-Wafa and also in another play, Bandh mutthi Mein Suraj, based on the Kashmir issue. “Recently, I also performed in a play for AVT Khyber on the situation after the earthquake, Da Zalay Akhtar.” Presently, he is busy with the 13-episode Pashto drama serial, Grewaan, by director Fahmeed Khan.

He admits enjoying playing a TV anchor as well: “It is a real test of sharp-mindedness and live delivery. I got so attached to the show that after I left, I was sad for days.” Presently, he is anchoring a talent hunt show and already has big plans for the future. “I am working on my second album and have recorded two songs. I intend to release it soon but only if I find a good releasing company.”

He says he has been working under a lot of pressure and recently went to Chitral on a month-long holiday to escape the crank calls by fans. “I couldn’t even step out of my house, but my family has been a big support, particularly my father.” He says he has taken things in stride now. “Everyone has to pay a price and so have I. But I’m ready to face the problems attached with it because I’m struggling to become a known voice in international music.”

External links[link]

• Masood Akhter
• Masood Akhter
• Masood Akhter

This article's references may not meet Wikipedia's guidelines for reliable sources. Please help by checking whether the references meet the criteria for reliable sources. (January 2012)

Lisa "Elle" Fowler (born May 25, 1988)^[1] and Laura Elizabeth "Blair" Fowler (born April 1, 1993)^[2] are sisters who post beauty and style-related tutorials on YouTube under the monikers AllThatGlitters21 (Elle) and juicystar07 (Blair). Elle first stumbled into the beauty and fashion world of YouTube the summer of 2008, and soon convinced Blair to begin filming videos as well. Their videos of makeup tutorials and clothing hauls quickly garnered a large audience and rose in popularity. As of July 2011, Elle's videos on AllThatGlitters21 have been viewed more than 82 million times, while Blair's channel juicystar07 has received over 142 million views.^[3][4]

Both sisters also post vlogs under the monikers EllesGlitterGossip and otherjuicystar07, allowing subscribers to keep track of their daily lives outside of the YouTube community.^[5] Their respective second YouTube channels move away from purely beauty and fashion-related videos and branch into other topics such as health & fitness, their daily musings, and other random interests.^[6][7]

Backgrounds[link]

Elle Fowler was born Lisa Sylvia Fowler on May 25, 1988 to Dr. Scott Fowler, a physician, OB/GYN, with Holston Medical Group, and Melisa Fowler.^[8] Elle is the eldest of three: Blair Fowler was born Laura Elizabeth Fowler on April 1, 1993 in Augusta, Georgia and the family's youngest, "Hannah Fowler" born Emily Fowler, was born several years later.^[1][9] After Blair's fifth birthday, the family relocated from New Orleans to Kingsport, Tennessee,^[10] where Blair attended Dobyns-Bennett High School.^[8]

They recently moved to Los Angeles, California. A joint video gained over 500,000 views,^[11] and by August 2010 they together had 130 million views combined on all of their videos.^[12] They have appeared in Seventeen, where Elle had previously interned, as a Beauty and Hair Smarties. The sisters have also appeared in teen fashion magazine, Teen Vogue. Most recently, the two created an online lifestyle website titled elleandblair.com.^[13] In 2011, Blair was the youngest ever makeup artist at New York City Fashion Week, where she and Elle also modelled in a show.^[14] In 2010 they signed an agreement with Kinectic Content to star in a reality TV show.^[15] .^[1][2]

YouTube career[link]

Elle and Blair got their first exposure outside of YouTube when Seventeen invited them to become "Beauty Smarties" for the magazine, featuring them in a few issues so they could offer makeup tips to readers. Their first media appearance came not long after, when Good Morning America interviewed them for a segment on hauling. Elle said in the interview, "I think it's really fun for a girl to live vicariously through someone else and see what other cute girls that they relate to are buying." According to the segment, their YouTube careers have become so successful that Blair had to leave high school and become homeschooled, allowing her more time to focus on her videos.^[16] Elle and Blair are at the forefront of the "hauling" phenomenon, and have been featured in a number of news segments and interviews on the subject after their Good Morning America appearance. They were featured on a KTLA segment on hauling alongside macbarbie07, a friend of Blair's and fellow beauty guru. The girls claimed to have a combined number of 9,000,000 subscribers, and Elle pointed out that a watch she showed in a video sold out almost immediately after mentioned it—a testament to the popularity of their videos. Another KTLA segment featuring Elle and Blair pointed out that despite their growing number of fans, they've also encountered a great deal of backlash. "The Fowler sisters have gotten lots of criticism for being fake and for hiding the fact that they were being compensated by some of these big companies."^[17] Other segments have also been critical of the hauling trend, using Elle and Blair's videos as examples of how haul videos have become extremely influential and may fuel shopping addiction and cultural idealizations of consumption and materialism.^[18]

With features in Marie Claire,^[19] Glamour,^[20] Seventeen,^[8] and other national publications, as well as prominent news outlets such as Good Morning America, ABC News with Diane Sawyer,^[21] the New York Times Style Section^[22] and the Wall Street Journal, Elle and Blair Fowler have a wide-reaching influence.

In 2011, Blair was contacted by Disney and offered a background role as Leah in Prom. This was Blair's first film role, and she is not sure whether or not she would like to pursue acting. However, she and her sister are currently working on other projects, including a cell phone accessory line, a reality television show and a book.^[23]

Most recently, the sisters were nominated as a duo for the 2011 Teen Choice Awards' "Choice Web Star" category, but lost to Rebecca Black.

Elle and Blair currently serve as the hosts and main judges of the webseries, Beauty Vlogger Boot Camp. The show revolves around young men and women who are aspiring to be online gurus. Contestants compete in a beauty-related challenge in each episode, with one person getting eliminated before the next round begins.^[24]

In May 2012, Elle and Blair announced that, in conjuction with Blush.com, they would be releasing their first make up line called Skylark. The sisters have said that the products with be released as soon as they are completed which is due to be Fall 2012. TeenVogue revealed that the first 2 products to be released will be 2 lip glosses named after the 2 main characters from "Beneath The Glitter", Ava and Sophia.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Elle and Blair Fowler

• Official site