Yochai Benkler
Yochai Benkler speaking at UC Berkeley School of law in 2006
Born	1964
Occupation	Professor, Harvard Law School
Spouse	Deborah Schrag
Children	2
Website
www.benkler.org

Yochai Benkler is an Israeli-American professor of Law and author. Since 2007, he has been the Berkman Professor of Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School. He is also a faculty co-director of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.

Biography[link]

In 1984, Benkler was the treasurer of Kibbutz Shizafon.^[1] He received his LL.B. from Tel-Aviv University in 1991 and J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1994. He worked at the law firm Ropes & Gray from 1994-1995. He clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen G. Breyer from 1995 to 1996.

He was a professor at New York University School of Law from 1996 to 2003, and visited at Yale Law School and Harvard Law School (during 2002-2003), before joining the Yale Law School faculty in 2003. In 2007, Benkler joined Harvard Law School, where he teaches and is a faculty co-director of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Benkler is on the advisory board of the Sunlight Foundation.^[2] In 2011, his research led him to receive the $100,000 Ford Foundation Social Change Visionaries Award.^[3]

Works[link]

Yochai Benkler

Benkler's research focuses on commons-based approaches to managing resources in networked environments. He coined the term 'commons-based peer production' to describe collaborative efforts based on sharing information, such as free and open source software and Wikipedia. He also uses the term 'networked information economy' to describe a "system of production, distribution, and consumption of information goods characterized by decentralized individual action carried out through widely distributed, nonmarket means that do not depend on market strategies." ^[4]

Benkler's 2006 book The Wealth of Networks ^[5] examines the ways in which information technology permits extensive forms of collaboration that have potentially transformative consequences for economy and society. Wikipedia, Creative Commons, Open Source Software and the blogosphere are among the examples that Benkler draws upon.^[6] (The Wealth of Networks is itself published under a Creative Commons license). For example, Benkler argues that blogs and other modes of participatory communication can lead to "a more critical and self-reflective culture", where citizens are empowered by the ability to publicize their own opinions on a range of issues. Much of The Wealth of Networks is presented in economic terms, and Benkler raises the possibility that a culture in which information is shared freely could prove more economically efficient than one in which innovation is encumbered by patent or copyright law, since the marginal cost of re-producing most information is effectively nothing.

Benkler coined the term 'Jalt' as a contraction of jealousy and altruism, to describe the dynamic in commons-based peer production where some participants get paid while others do not, or "whether people get paid differentially for participating." The term was first introduced in his seminal paper "Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and the Nature of the Firm." It is described in more technical terms as "social-psychological component of the reward to support monetary appropriation by others or... where one agent is jealous of the rewards of another." ^[7]

Benkler appeared in the documentary film Steal This Film, which is available through Creative Commons. He discussed various issues, including: how the changing cost structures in film and music production are enabling new stratums of society to create.^[8]

Benkler is a strong proponent of Wikileaks, characterizing it as a prime example of non-traditional media filling a public watchdog role left vacant by traditional news outlets.^[9] In a draft paper written for the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review in February 2011, he uses governmental vilification and prosecution of Wikileaks as a case study demonstrating the need for more robust legal protection for independent media.^[10]

In August 2011, Benkler was a keynote speaker at the Wikimania conference in Haifa, Israel.^[11] That same August,^[12] Benkler's latest book on social cooperation online and off, titled The Penguin and the Leviathan: How Cooperation Triumphs over Self-Interest, was published. Benkler discussed this book at a lecture given at Harvard on October 18, 2011 [1].

Awards[link]

• March 2007 - EFF Pioneer Award^[13]
• May 2011 - Ford Foundation Visionaries Award^[14]

See also[link]

• Industrial information economy
• Carr–Benkler wager

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yochai Benkler

• Official website
• Official page at Harvard Law School
• Interview with Benkler
• Speaking at Pop!Tech 2005
• TED Talks: Yochai Benkler on the new open-source economics at TED in 2005
• The Penguin and The Leviathan: The Science and Practice of Cooperation at The Santa Fe Institute 2010.
• Wikipedia 1, Hobbes 0: Benkler's chair lecture at Harvard Law, as reported in the Harvard Law Record
• From Consumers to Users: Shifting the Deeper Structures of Regulation. Toward Sustainable Commons and User Access

Eszter Hargittai (born 1973^[1] in Budapest, Hungary) is a sociologist at Northwestern University. She holds a B.A. in Sociology from Smith College and a Ph.D. in Sociology from Princeton University where she was a Wilson Scholar.

She is currently Associate Professor of Communication Studies and Faculty Associate of the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University where she heads the Web Use Project.^[2][3][4]

She was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford (2006–07) and a fellow at the Institute for International Integration Studies, Trinity College Dublin (2007). Currently, she is a fellow at Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet & Society.^[5]

She is a member of the group blog Crooked Timber (since 2003).^[6] She has been writing at Eszter's Blog since 2002.^[7]

Her research focuses on the social and policy implications of information technologies with a particular interest in how IT may contribute to or alleviate social inequalities.^[8] She has studied the differences in people's Web-use skills, the evolution of search engines ^[9] and the organization and presentation of online content, political uses of information technologies, how IT are influencing the types of cultural products people consume, and geocaching.

Her work is regularly featured in the media.^[10] She was interviewed about the Internet and its social implications on CNNfn's The Flip Side on April 29, 2004. Her work on the international spread of the Internet was referenced by Wired News ^[11] and cited in a United States Senate^[12] hearing. Other coverage includes BBC News ^[4] as well as the Chicago Tribune ^[13] the Washington Post,^[14] The Wall Street Journal ^[15] and several other publications.

Notable publications[link]

• Research Confidential: Solutions to Problems Most Social Scientists Pretend They Never Have Hargittai, Eszter (editor). Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2009.

Trivia[link]

• Hargittai claims an Erdős number of 3.^[16]

References[link]

1. ^ Date information sourced from Library of Congress Authorities data, via corresponding WorldCat Identities linked authority file (LAF) .
2. ^ Web Use Project About page
3. ^ Entry at the Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research page
4. ^ ^{a b} Life beyond Google on BBC News
5. ^ Entry at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society page
6. ^ Say Hello to Eszter entry on Crooked Timber
7. ^ Launching entry on Eszter's Blog
8. ^ Copies of Eszter Hargittai's research papers
9. ^ The Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Search Engines Special Theme of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
10. ^ Web Use Project Press Coverage
11. ^ Hundt, Reed, "Hundt: Nader Should Back Gore", Wired News', October. 12, 2000.
12. ^ Senate Judiciary Hearing - R. Hundt - 5/02/01
13. ^ "Web site urges Democrats to shop at 'blue' companies", Chicago Tribune, 14 December 2004.
14. ^ "Program Aids Urban Poor In Accessing The Internet", Washington Post, 9 August 2004.
15. ^ The Wall Street Journal, European Edition, January 26, 2000
16. ^ Erdõs Number (self-calculation and references)

• List of publications that have printed Eszter Hargittai

External links[link]

• Eszter Hargittai's Home Page
  • Survey Measures of Web-Oriented Digital Literacy
• Eszter Hargittai's Blog
• Web Use Project
• Works by or about Eszter Hargittai in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Joi Ito
Joi Ito in 2007
Born	Joichi Ito (1966-06-19) June 19, 1966 (age 46) Kyōto, Japan
Residence	Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
Nationality	Japanese
Alma mater	Tufts University (attended) University of Chicago (attended)
Known for	Blogging, Moblogging, Creative Commons
Relatives	Mizuko Itō (sister)

Joichi "Joi" Ito (伊藤 穰一, Itō Jōichi^?, born June 19, 1966) is a Japanese activist, entrepreneur, venture capitalist and Director of the MIT Media Lab.^[1]

Ito has received recognition for his role as an entrepreneur focused on Internet and technology companies and has founded, among other companies, PSINet Japan, Digital Garage and Infoseek Japan. He maintains a blog, a wiki and an IRC channel. Ito is the Chairman of Creative Commons, on the Board of Trustees of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation^[2], the board of Directors of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation^[3] and General Partner of Neoteny Labs.^[4]

Family and education[link]

Joi Ito (circa 1981)

Ito was born in Kyoto, Japan. His family moved to Canada and then when Ito was about age 3 to a suburb of Detroit, Michigan in the United States where his father became a research scientist and his mother a secretary for Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., now Ovonics. Company founder Stanford R. Ovshinsky was impressed with Ito, whom he thought of almost as his son. Ovshinsky helped Ito develop his interests in technology and social movements, and at age 13 gave him work with scientists, saying, "He was not a child in the conventional sense."^[5]

Ito and his sister Mizuko Ito, who is called Mimi, spent summers in Japan with their grandmother who taught them traditional Japanese culture.^[6] At 14, he returned to Japan when his mother was promoted to president of Energy Conversion Devices Japan. He studied at the Nishimachi International School^[7] and for high school, the American School in Japan in Tokyo.^[8] Ito also learned "street language, street smarts, and computers." One of few Japanese using modems before deregulation of networking reached Japan in 1985, Ito had found The Source and the original MUD by his teens (and by 26 was working on his own MUD).^[6]

Ito returned to the U.S. to attend Tufts University near Boston as a computer science major, where he met, among others, Pierre Omidyar, later founder of eBay.^[9] Finding his course work too rigid and believing that learning computer science in school was "stupid",^[9] Ito dropped out of Tufts to briefly work for Ovonics. Ovshinsky encouraged him to return to school. He enrolled at the University of Chicago in physics but dropped out on discovering, in his opinion, the program at Chicago to be more oriented towards producing practical engineers than towards teaching an intuitive understanding of physics.^[5] In the Fall of 1985 he became the first student to register for a pioneering program of online courses offered by Connected Education, Inc., for undergraduate credit from the New School for Social Research.

Ito is one of Timothy Leary's godsons—a close non-traditional family-like relationship, an idea said to have been conceived by Leary for a few of his friends.^[10][11] Ito's sister is Mizuko Ito, a cultural anthropologist studying media technology use, and the musician Cornelius is his second cousin. Ito currently lives in Dubai, with his wife Mizuka Ito (née Kurogane).

Later life[link]

Ito became a disk jockey working in nightclubs in Chicago such as The Limelight and The Smart Bar and to work with Metasystems Design Group to start a virtual community in Tokyo.^[6] Later, Ito ran a nightclub in Roppongi, Japan called XY Relax with help from Joe Shanahan of Metro Chicago/Smart Bar. He helped bring industrial music from Chicago (Wax Trax) and later the rave scene, including importing Anarchic Adjustment to Japan.

Ito at the 2008 Creative Commons panel discussion: “The Commons: Celebrating accomplishments, discerning futures.

Ito is the Chairman of Creative Commons. He is on the board of Digital Garage,^[12] Culture Convenience Club (CCC),^[13] Tucows,^[14] Machinima.com,^[15] EPIC,^[16] Technorati, and WITNESS. He is the founder and CEO of the venture capital firm Neoteny Co., Ltd. In October 2004, he was named to the board of ICANN for a three-year term starting December 2004. In August 2005, he joined the board of the Mozilla Foundation.^[17] He served on the board of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) from March 2005 until April 2007. He currently serves as a Board Emeritus for OSI.^[9] He was a founding board member of Expression College for Digital Arts^[18] as well as the Zero One Art and Technology Network.^[19] In 1999, he served as the Associate to Mr. Mount (the executive producer) on the film The Indian Runner.^[20] Ito also served as a Board Member of Energy Conversion Devices from 1995 to 2000.

Ito is a venture capitalist and angel investor and was an early stage investor in Kickstarter,^[21] Twitter,^[22] Six Apart, Technorati, Flickr, SocialText, Dopplr, Last.fm, Rupture, Kongregate, etology Inc, Fotopedia and other Internet companies.^[23] A vocal advocate of emergent democracy and the sharing economy, Ito is a doctoral candidate in Business Administration focusing on the sharing economy at the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University. He is the author of Emergent Democracy.^[24] Ito is Senior Visiting Researcher of Keio Research Institute at SFC.^[25] In May 2011, it was announced that Ito's company, Digital Garage, will provide PR, marketing, product marketing research and market research for Linkedin Japan.^[26]

Ito is a PADI Master Scuba Diver Trainer (MSDT) and a Divers Alert Network (DAN) Instructor.^[27]

In recent years, Ito has become critical of what he sees as Japan's inward focus. He stated in a 2011 interview that he thinks Japan needs to look internationally if it is to continue to be "relevant', and that this is one of the reasons that he is on the board of Tokyo's Nishimachi International School. ^[28] He also serves as a member of the Japanese Cabinet, as a member of the "IT Strategic Headquarters" (高度情報通信ネットワーク社会推進戦略本部) ^[29]

Journalism[link]

Ito has written opinion editorials for the Asian Wall Street Journal^[30] and The New York Times^[31][32] and has published articles in numerous other magazines^[33] and newspapers. He has had regular columns in The Daily Yomiuri, Mac World Japan, Asahi Pasocom, Asahi Doors, and other media sources. His photographs have been used in The New York Times Online,^[34] BusinessWeek,^[35] American Heritage,^[36] Wired News,^[37] Forbes,^[38] and BBC News.^[39] He was on the early editorial mastheads of Wired and Mondo 2000. He has authored and co-authored a number of books including Dialog - Ryu Murakami X Joichi Ito with Ryu Murakami. He has hosted televisions shows including The New Breed and SimTV shows on NHK.

Media "lists" and honors[link]

Ito was listed by Time magazine as a member of the "Cyber-Elite" in 1997. He was also named one of the 50 "Stars of Asia" in the "Entrepreneurs and Dealmakers" category by BusinessWeek^[40] and commended by the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications for supporting the advancement of IT in 2000.^[41] He was selected by the World Economic Forum in 2001 as one of the "Global Leaders for Tomorrow".^[42] chosen by Newsweek as a member of the "Leaders of The Pack (high technology industry)" in 2005,^[43] and listed by Vanity Fair as a member of "The Next Establishment" in the October Issue, 2007.^[44] Joi Ito was also named by BusinessWeek as one of the 25 Most Influential People on the Web in 2008.^[45] On July 22, 2011 he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his role as one of the world's leading advocates of Internet freedom from the University of Oxford Internet Institute.^[46]

In 2011, with Ethan Zuckerman, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers, in which he stated the Best idea is "Users controlling their own data".^[47]

MIT Media Lab[link]

The New York Times reported that Joi Ito was named to be the director of the MIT Media Lab. His appointment was called an "unusual choice" since Ito studied at two colleges, but did not finish his degrees. "The choice is radical, but brilliant," said Larry Smarr, director of Calit2.^[48] Ito officially began his role on September 1, 2011.^[49][1]

Nicholas Negroponte, Media Lab's co-founder and chairman emeritus, described the choice as bringing the media to "Joi's world".^[50] In an interview with Asian Scientist Magazine, Joi Ito discusses his vision for the MIT Media Lab, and how he likes the word “learning” better than the word “education”.^[51]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ito Joichi

	Japan portal
	Biography portal
	Business portal

• Official webpage
• Official webpage (Japanese)
• Joi Ito at the Internet Movie Database
• Joichi Ito Interview Video

Chris DiBona

Chris DiBona ('cdibona', born October 1971) is the open source and public sector engineering manager at Google. His team oversees license compliance and supports the open source developer community through programs such as the Google Summer of Code and through the release of open source software projects and patches on Google Code. For his work on Google's public sector software, he looks after Google Moderator and the polling locations API.

Before joining Google, he was an editor at Slashdot and co-founded Damage Studios. DiBona has a B.S. in computer science from George Mason University and a M.S. in software engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. He also co-edited Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution and Open Sources 2.0.^[1]

FLOSS Weekly[link]

He formerly co-hosted FLOSS Weekly (a podcast that was spun off from the popular This Week in Tech) with Leo Laporte. The show premiered on April 7, 2006, and features prominent guests from the free software/open source community. He also appears on This Week in Tech and CrankyGeeks from time to time and was in the documentary Revolution OS. On July 29, 2007, Laporte announced that due to commitment issues, DiBona was stepping down as host of FLOSS Weekly. Several other hosts took his place, including Randal Schwartz, Jon "Maddog" Hall and Jono Bacon. Laporte also noted that he hopes to post the show on a regular basis.

Science Foo Camp[link]

DiBona runs Science Foo Camp annually with Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly Media and Timo Hannay of Nature on the Google campus in Mountain View, California.

TechTV[link]

DiBona was a Linux commentator on TechTV's The Screen Savers, during 2004 and parts of 2005. His stories concentrated on fun applications and consumer use of Linux.^[2]

Other activities[link]

DiBona formerly served on the board of Our Good Works, a non-profit that looks after the volunteer matching website Allforgood.org. He's also a visiting scientist (formally a visiting scholar) at the MIT Sloan School of Management. DiBona served on the advisory board of imeem, a San Francisco, Ca. based social networking firm, and advises PicPlz, a San Francisco start-up.

References[link]

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (May 2010)

Free software portal

• DiBona's Weblog
• Chris DiBona on IMDb
• Revolution OS (IMDb)
• All for Good helps you find and share ways to do good

Interviews

• BBC interview
• BBC Backstage interview at Google Developer day 2007 London
• Interview with Google's Chris DiBona on Summer of Code at Groklaw
• Interview with Chris DiBona: How does it feel to be a Linux evangelist? at Linux Gazette
• Interview with Chris DiBona on IT Conversations
• Linux Link Tech Show interview (audio), 2006
• Chris DiBona on Cranky Geeks
• Interview with Chris DiBona (audio), 2006 on LugRadio

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (February 2012)

John Seely Brown

John Seely Brown (also known as JSB) is a researcher who specializes in organizational studies with a particular bent towards the organizational implications of computer-supported activities.

His research interests include the management of radical innovation, digital culture, ubiquitous computing, autonomous computing and organizational learning. JSB is also the namesake of John Seely Brown Symposium on Technology and Society, held at the University of Michigan School of Information. The first JSB symposium in 2000 featured a lecture by Stanford Professor of Law Lawrence Lessig, titled "Architecting Innovation," and a panel discussion, "The Implications of Open Source Software," featuring Brown, Lessig and the William D. Hamilton Collegiate Professor of Complex Systems at SI, Michael D. Cohen. Subsequent events were held in 2002, 2006 and 2008.

Brown graduated from Brown University in 1962 with degrees in physics and mathematics. In 1972 he received a PhD from the University of Michigan in computer and communication sciences.^[1]

Major positions and roles[link]

• Independent co-chair of the Deloitte Center for Edge Innovation (present)
• Senior fellow, Annenberg Center for Communication at USC (present)
• Chief scientist of Xerox Corporation (1992 - April 2002)
• Director of the Xerox PARC research center (1990 - June 2000)
• Cofounder of the Institute for Research on Learning
• Board member of multiple companies, including Amazon, Corning, MacArthur Foundation and Polycom
• Advisory board member of several private companies, including Innovation Exchange and H5
• Former board member of In-Q-Tel^[2]

Education, degrees and awards[link]

• BA from Brown University, 1962 (mathematics and physics)
• PhD from University of Michigan, 1970 (computer and communication sciences)
• Recipient of the IRI Medal from the Industrial Research Institute, May 1999
• Honorary Doctor of Science from Brown University, May 2000
• Honorary Doctor of Science in Economics from London Business School, June 2001
• Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Claremont Graduate University, May 2004
• Honorary Doctor of Science from University of Michigan, April 2005
• Design Futures Council Senior Fellow

Publications[link]

• John Seely Brown, Douglas Thomas, A New Culture of Learning: Cultivating the Imagination for a World of Constant Change, CreateSpace 2011. ISBN 9781456458881.
• John Seely Brown, Foreword, in: Toru Iiyoshi M.S. Vijay Kumar, Opening Up Education: The Collective Advancement of Education through Open Technology, Open Content, and Open Knowledge, The MIT Press 2010. ISBN 9780262515016.
• John Seely Brown, John Hagel III, Lang Davison, The Power of Pull: How Small Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things In Motion, Basic Books 2010. ISBN 9780465019359.
• John Seely Brown, John Hagel III, How World Of Warcraft Promotes Innovation; in: Willms Buhse/Ulrike Reinhard: Wenn Anzugträger auf Kapuzenpullis treffen (When Suits meet Hoodies), whois-Verlag 2009. ISBN 9783934013988.
• John Seely Brown, John Hagel III, The Only Sustainable Edge: Why Business Strategy Depends On Productive Friction And Dynamic Specialization, Harvard Business Review Press 2005. ISBN 9781591397205.
• John Seely Brown, Stephen Denning, Katalina Groh, Laurence Prusak, Storytelling in Organizations: Why Storytelling Is Transforming 21st Century Organizations and Management, Butterworth-Heinemann 2004. ISBN 9780750678209.
• John Seely Brown, John Hagel III, Out of The Box: Strategies for Achieving Profits Today and Growth Tomorrow Through Web Services, Harvard Business Press 2002. ISBN 9781578516803
• John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, The Social Life of Information, Harvard Business Review Press 2000. ISBN 9780875847627.
• John Seely Brown (Ed.), Seeing Differently: Insights on Innovation, Harvard Business Press 1997. ISBN 9780875847559
• John Seely Brown, Research that Reinvents the Corporation, Harvard Business Review 1991.
• John Seely Brown, D. Sleemann (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Academic Press 1982. ISBN 9780126486810
• More than 100 papers in academic journals

References[link]

External links[link]

• John Seely Brown's website
• Big Shift Blog with John Hagel and Lang Davison -- Deloitte Center for Edge Innovation
• The 2009 Shift Index: Measuring the forces of long-term change
• John Seely Brown's BusinessWeek columns (co-authored with John Hagel)
• John Seely Brown's collaborative site with John Hagel
• "Keeping things simple" article in vodafone-receiver magazine nr.18
• Meet John Seely Brown, Deloitte Center for Edge Innovation
• John Seely Brown Symposium