- published: 08 Feb 2012
- views: 7294
- author: forsicht
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
..." width="225" height="168" class="playvideo1 gotop" onClick="activateTab('playlist1')" style="display: block;" />
..." width="225" height="168" class="playvideo1 gotop" onClick="activateTab('playlist1')" style="display: block;" />
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 2014 FIFA World Cup
- Acre (state)
- Africa
- Afro-Brazilian
- Airport terminal
- Alagoas
- Alexandre Ribeiro
- Amapá
- Amazon Basin
- Amazon rain forest
- Amazon Rainforest
- Amazon River
- Amazon Theatre
- American Brazilian
- Americas
- Amphitheater
- Ananindeua, Brazil
- Antônio Pizzonia
- Aparecida de Goiânia
- Arab Brazilian
- Aracaju
- Argentine Brazilian
- Armenian Brazilian
- Aromatic herb
- Asia
- Asian Brazilian
- Assembly of God
- Austrian Brazilian
- Bahia
- Banjarmasin
- Baptist Church
- Barbadian Brazilian
- Barcelos, Portugal
- Beach
- Belford Roxo
- Belgian Brazilian
- Belo Horizonte
- Belém
- BenQ-Siemens
- Betim
- Bibiano Fernandes
- Biodiversity
- Biome
- Boa Vista, Roraima
- Boat
- Bolivians in Brazil
- Botanical Garden
- Brasilia
- Brasília
- Brazil
- Brazil-nut
- Brazilian Air Force
- Brazilian Army
- Brazilian art
- Brazilian Carnival
- Brazilian cuisine
- Brazilian jiu-jitsu
- Brazilian literature
- Brazilian painting
- Brazilian people
- Brazilian real
- Brazilian sculpture
- Cabanagem
- Caboclo
- Cafuzo
- Calvary Chapel
- Campinas
- Campo Grande
- Canada
- Candomblé
- Cannon
- Canoe
- Capital (political)
- Careiro
- Cargo
- Caribbean Brazilian
- Carmelite
- Catechism
- Category Brazil
- Caxias do Sul
- Ceará
- Chapel
- Charlotte
- Chemical
- Chilean Brazilian
- China
- Chinese Brazilian
- Cinema of Brazil
- Cities
- City
- Clay
- Climate of Brazil
- Cláudio Santoro
- Coastline of Brazil
- Colonial Brazil
- Commerce
- Companies
- Confederados
- Confluence
- Conmebol Cup
- Contagem
- Crime in Brazil
- Cristiane De Souza
- Croatian Brazilian
- Cuiabá
- Culture of Brazil
- Curitiba
- Czech Brazilian
- Daylight saving time
- Diego Brandao
- Distinct
- Dominican Republic
- Dry season
- Duque de Caxias
- Dutch Brazilian
- Duty free
- Economy
- Economy of Brazil
- Ecosystem
- Ecotourist
- Education
- Education in Brazil
- Elections in Brazil
- Electronics
- Eliana Printes
- Empire of Brazil
- English Brazilian
- Espírito Santo
- Essilor
- Europe
- Fabio Bala
- Fauna
- Feira de Santana
- Finnish Brazilian
- Fitzcarraldo
- Florianópolis
- Forest
- Formula 1
- Fortaleza
- France
- Franciscan
- Francisco Lima
- French Brazilian
- Garden
- GDP
- Geography of Brazil
- German Brazilian
- Glass
- Goiás
- Goiânia
- Government of Brazil
- Gradiente
- Greek Brazilian
- Guarulhos
- Habitat
- Haitian Brazilian
- Hamamatsu
- Happy, Yipee, Yehey
- Health in Brazil
- History of Brazil
- Hotel
- Hungarian Brazilian
- IBGE
- Icelandic Brazilian
- Indonesia
- Industry in Brazil
- Invasion
- Iquitos
- Iranduba
- Irish Brazilian
- Islam
- Israel
- Italian Brazilian
- Italy
- Japan
- Japanese Brazilian
- Jefferson Peres
- Jehovah's Witnesses
- Jerusalem
- Jesuit
- John Estrada
- Joinville
- Jose Aldo
- João Pessoa
- Judaism
- Juiz de Fora
- Kenny Florian
- Korean Brazilian
- Languages of Brazil
- Larissa Ramos
- Latvian Brazilian
- Law of Brazil
- Lebanese Brazilian
- List of countries
- Londrina
- Luxembourg Brazilian
- Macapá
- Maceió
- Malvino Salvador
- Manaus
- Manaus Aerotáxi
- Manaus Brazil Temple
- Manaós
- Manufacture
- Manvel Gamburyan
- Maranhão
- Marble
- Mark Hominick
- Mato Grosso
- Mato Grosso do Sul
- Mauá
- Mayor
- Medicinal
- Mesa, Arizona
- Mesoregion (Brazil)
- Mestizo
- Methodist Church
- Metropolitan area
- Microregion (Brazil)
- Migrants
- Mike Brown (fighter)
- Minas Gerais
- Miss Earth 2009
- Mixed martial arts
- Mixed-race Brazilian
- Mobile phone
- Monkey
- Mormon
- Mulatto
- Music of Brazil
- Márcio Souza
- National Fast Club
- Natural
- Natural rubber
- Neighborhood
- Netherlands
- New Town, Manaus
- Nigerian Brazilian
- Niterói
- Nokia
- North Region, Brazil
- Northern Brazil
- Nova Iguaçu
- Novo Airão
- Oil
- Opera
- Orchestra
- Osasco
- Palmas, Tocantins
- Paraguayan Brazilian
- Paraná (state)
- Paraíba
- Pardo
- Park
- Pará
- Per capita income
- Pernambuco
- Perugia
- Peruvian Brazilian
- Perú
- Petroleum
- Phenomenon
- Philippines
- Piauí
- Pied tamarin
- Plateau
- Polish Brazilian
- Politics of Brazil
- Ponta Pelada Airport
- Population
- Population density
- Port of Manaus
- Portal Brazil
- Porto Alegre
- Porto Velho
- Portugal
- Portuguese Brazilian
- Portuguese language
- Poverty in Brazil
- Presbyterian Church
- President of Brazil
- Priscilla Meirelles
- Race in Brazil
- Racism in Brazil
- Rainforest
- Rare species
- Recife
- Regions of Brazil
- Religion in Brazil
- República Velha
- Ribeirão Preto
- Rico Linhas Aéreas
- Rio Branco
- Rio de Janeiro
- Rio Grande do Norte
- Rio Grande do Sul
- Rio Negro (Amazon)
- Rio Preto da Eva
- Rock (geology)
- Ronaldo Souza
- Rondônia
- Roraima
- Rubber boom
- Russians in Brazil
- Sagem
- Salt Lake City
- Salvador (Bahia)
- Salvador, Bahia
- Santo Domingo
- Santos, São Paulo
- Sarará
- Sarnia
- Satellite
- Saulo Ribeiro
- Scottish Brazilian
- Seoul
- Sergipe
- Shanghai
- Siemens
- Solimões
- Solimões River
- Sorocaba
- South Korea
- Southern Hemisphere
- Spanish Brazilian
- Spiritualism
- Sport in Brazil
- Sports in Brazil
- States of Brazil
- Suriname
- Swiss Brazilian
- Syrian Brazilian
- São José dos Campos
- São João de Meriti
- São Luís, Maranhão
- São Paulo
- São Paulo (city)
- São Paulo (state)
- Teatro Amazonas
- Teresina
- Time zone
- Tocantins (state)
- Tourism
- Tourism in Brazil
- Town
- Transport hub
- Transport in Brazil
- Tropical rainforest
- Uberlândia
- UFAM
- UFC
- Ukrainians of Brazil
- United States
- University
- Urban area
- Urban sprawl
- Urijah Faber
- Uruguayan Brazilian
- UTC-4
- Vargas Era
- Vegetation
- Venezuela
- Vila Velha
- Vinicius Cantuaria
- Vitória, Brazil
- Wallid Ismail
- Water
- WEC 44
- White Brazilian
- Wikitravel
- Wildlife of Brazil
- Winter
- World
- Xande Ribeiro
- Zoo
-
Acre (state)
Acre (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈakɾi]) is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller than Tunisia.
Its capital is the city of Rio Branco. Other important places include: Cruzeiro do Sul, Feijó, Sena Madureira, Senador Guiomard and Tarauacá.
This state is the western extreme of the North Region of Brazil, with a one hour time difference from Brasília (DF). In it is located the last Brazilian population to see the sun rise, on the Serra da Moa, on the Peruvian border. The intense extractive activity, which reached its height in the 20th century, attracted Brazilians from many regions to the state. From the mixture of sulista, paulista, nordestino, and indigenous traditions arose a diverse cuisine, which unites sun-dried meat (carne-de-sol) with Arapaima (pirarucu), a typical fish of the region. Such dishes are seasoned with tucupi, a sauce made from manioc.
wn.com/Acre_(state) -
Amapá
Amapá (Portuguese pronunciation: [amaˈpa]) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the extreme north, bordering French Guiana and Suriname to the north. To the east is the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south and west is the Brazilian state of Pará. The estuary of the River Oiapoque, once considered the northernmost point of Brazil, is at the extreme north of the Brazilian coast. The dominant feature of the region—90 percent of the total area—is the Amazon Rainforest. Unexplored forests occupy 70 percent of its territory. The state's capital and largest city Macapá can only be reached by boat or airplane.
As the "Capitania" of Costa do Cabo Norte, the region was invaded by the English and Dutch, who were repelled by the Portuguese. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 established the boundaries between Brazil and French Guiana, but these were not respected by the French. In the 18th century, France retook control of the area. This dispute would continue until 1900.
With the discovery of gold and the increasing value of rubber on the international market during the 19th century, which led to population increases in Amapá, the territorial dispute with France was brought to a head; finally, on December 1, 1900, the Arbitration Commission of Geneva ceded possession of the territory to Brazil, which incorporated it into the state of Pará with the joint name of Araguari (named for the river of the same name). It became the federal territory of Amapá in 1943.
wn.com/Amapá -
Amazon Theatre
The Amazon Theatre (Portuguese: Teatro Amazonas) is an opera house located in Manaus, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. It is the location of the annual Festival Amazonas de Ópera (Amazonas Opera Festival) and the home of the Amazonas Philharmonic Orchestra who regularly rehearses and performs at the Amazon Theater along with choirs, musical concerts and other performances.
The Amazonas Theatre was built during the Belle Époque at a time when fortunes were made in the rubber boom. Construction of the Amazon Theatre was first proposed in 1881 by a member of the local House of Representatives, Antonio Jose Fernandes Júnior, who envisioned a "jewel" in the heart of the Amazon rainforest.
In 1882, the State legislature approved some limited financing, but this was considered insufficient. Later that year, the president of the Province, José Lustosa Paranaguá, approved a larger budget and initiated a competition for the presentation of plans. The chosen project was made by the Gabinete Português de Engenharia e Arquitectura, an engineering and architecture office from Lisbon. By 1884, construction was ready to begin under the Italian architect Celestial Sacardim. Work proceeded slowly over the following fifteen years with some stops and re-starts from 1885 to 1892.
wn.com/Amazon_Theatre -
Americas
The Americas, or America, are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World.
In the English language, the Americas refers to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, whereas America, in current usage, usually refers to the United States of America.
The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area) and contain about 13.5% of the human population (about 900 million people).
The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion. The traditional theory has been that these early migrants moved into the Beringia land bridge between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska around 40,000–17,000 years ago, when sea levels were significantly lowered due to the Quaternary glaciation. These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific Northwest coast to South America. Evidence of the latter would since have been covered by a sea level rise of hundreds of meters following the last ice age.
wn.com/Americas -
Ananindeua, Brazil
Coordinates: 1°21′57″S 48°22′19″W / 1.36583°S 48.37194°W / -1.36583; -48.37194
Ananindeua (Portuguese pronunciation: [ananĩˈdewɐ]) is a city in Pará, Brazil. It is a part of the Metropolitan Region of Belém, and is the second most populous city in the state. It has a population estimated by IBGE of 498,095 in 2006.
wn.com/Ananindeua,_Brazil -
Aracaju
Aracaju (Portuguese pronunciation: [aɾakaˈʒu]) is the capital of the State of Sergipe, Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, about 350 km (217 mi) north of Salvador. It has a population of 570,937 inhabitants, which represents approximately 33% of the state population. The coast of Aracaju has many unspoiled beaches, such as the ones in Santa Luzia Island, and urban beaches, such as the Atalaia. These coastal neighborhoods include playgrounds, squares, football fields, volleyball and basketball courts, residential buildings, bars, nightclubs, restaurants, banks and hotels.
Aracaju, one of the first cities to be planned in Brazil, was built with the intention of becoming the state capital. It was founded in 1855, as the capital of Sergipe.
Although the first contact of the Portuguese in Sergipe was here, the first and most important city of that place which would be a province in the future was São Cristóvão (Saint Christopher), which became a city in 1590 and was capital of Sergipe from 1823 to 1855. In the mid-19th century, there was a sudden need for a purpose-built harbor and administrative centers, and the core of modern Aracaju was constructed overnight, becoming the province capital in 1855, and after 1889 the state capital. In 1910, the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju.
wn.com/Aracaju -
Bahia
Bahia (local pronunciation: [baˈi.ɐ]) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size. Bahia's capital is the city of Salvador, or more properly, São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, and is located at the junction of the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of All Saints, first seen by European sailors in 1501. The name "bahia" is an archaic spelling of the Portuguese word baía, meaning "bay".
The state's geographical regions comprise the Atlantic Forest. The Recôncavo region radiating from the Bay (the largest in Brazil), the site of sugar and tobacco cultivation. And the Planalto, which includes the fabled sertão region of Bahia's far interior. Bahia is bordered, in counterclockwise fashion, by Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Piauí to the north, Goiás and Tocantins to the west, and Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to the south. The State of Bahia is crossed from north to south by a mountain chain which is marked, in the map, as Chapada Diamantina. This same chain receives other names, like Serra do Espinhaço, in Minas Gerais, and Borborema, in Pernambuco and Paraíba.
wn.com/Bahia -
Banjarmasin
Banjarmasin (aka Bandjermasin or Bandjarmasin) is the capital of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is located on a delta island near the junction of the Barito and Martapura rivers. As a result, Banjarmasin is sometimes called the "River City". Its population was 625,395 at the 2010 Census.
Banjarmasin is served by the Syamsudin Noor Airport, located about 25 km outside the town. The town is also served by a port, named Trisakti Harbour. A fairly important deepwater port, Pelabuhan Trisakti Banjarmasin is the trade center of the Barito basin; exports include rubber, pepper, timber, petroleum, coal, gold, and diamonds. Passenger ships and ferries to and from Java also carry their operation here.
Main economic sectors in order of their contribution to Banjarmasin’s GDP (2005): transportation and communication (26.1%), processing industries (24.9%) and trade and commerce (16.5%). Main processing industries are: plywood, rattan and rubber manufacturing.
The city is laced with flood-prone waterways, and many houses are built on rafts or stilts over the water. Many of such waterways are also used for travel, using relatively small rowboats (only major rivers are accessible by larger speedboats, tugboats, longboats, and barges).
wn.com/Banjarmasin -
Belford Roxo
Coordinates: 22°45′50″S 43°23′56″W / 22.76389°S 43.39889°W / -22.76389; -43.39889 Belford Roxo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɛwfɔχ ˈχoʃu]) is a city in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a part of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro and was created in 1990. Its population was 480,555 in 2007 and its area is 79 km². Belford Roxo is one of the richest and wealthiest cities in the state, due to its high GDP and relatively low population. Its climate is tropical with an average temperature of 18°C (63°F). Bayer and Lubrizol are the biggest companies in the municipality.[citation needed] It was named after Engineer Raimundo Teixeira Belfort Roxo. While serving as General Construction and Building Inspector for the city of Rio de Janeiro, Engineer Belfort Roxo, together with Engineer Paulo de Frontin, solved the water shortage problems of the area during the summer of 1889.
wn.com/Belford_Roxo -
Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌbɛloɾiˈzõtʃi],Beautiful Horizon) is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, located in the southeastern region of the country. It is the third largest metropolitan area in the country. Belo Horizonte (also known as "Belô", "Beagá", or "BH") has a population of 2,475,440 inhabitants (2010) in the city and 5,497,922 people in the official Metropolitan Area (2010).
The region was first settled in the early 18th century, but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s, in order to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais. The city features a mixture of contemporary and classical buildings, and is home to several modern Brazilian architectural icons, most notably the Pampulha Complex. In planning the city, Aarão Reis and Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban planning of Washington, D.C. The city has employed notable programs in urban revitalization and food security, for which it has been awarded international accolades.
wn.com/Belo_Horizonte -
Belém
Belém (literally "Bethlehem") is a Brazilian city, the capital and largest city of state of Pará, in the country's north region. It is the entrance gate to the Amazon with a busy port, airport and bus/coach station. Belém lies approximately 100 km upriver from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Pará River, which is part of the greater Amazon River system, separated from the larger part of the Amazon delta by Ilha de Marajó (Marajo Island). With an estimated population of 1,402,056 people — 2,249,405, or considering its metropolitan area — is the 11th most populous city in Brazil (besides being the second largest in the North Region, second only Manaus, in Amazonas state) as well as be the 16th by economic relevance.
Founded in 1616 by the Kingdom of Portugal, Belém was the first European colony on the Amazon but did not become part of Brazil until 1775. The newer part of the city has modern buildings and skyscrapers. The colonial portion retains the charm of tree-filled squares, churches and traditional blue tiles. The city has a rich history and architecture from colonial times. Recently it witnessed a skyscraper boom. Its metropolitan area has over 2 million inhabitants.
wn.com/Belém -
Betim
Betim is a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is located at around 19°58′4″S 44°11′52″W / 19.96778°S 44.19778°W / -19.96778; -44.19778. The city belongs to the mesoregion Metropolitan of Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Belo Horizonte.
Home to one of the Petrobras's oil refineries and Fiat's largest factory, among other plants, the city has an important role not only in the state's economy, but in the whole country's as well.
Betim is also internationally known for Salão do Encontro and Missão Ramacrisma, two entities recognized for their social work with the poor communities.
wn.com/Betim -
Boa Vista, Roraima
Boa Vista (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈboɐ ˈvistɐ], Good View) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Roraima. Situated on the western bank of the River Branco, the city lies 220 km (136 mi) away from Brazil's border with Venezuela. It is the only Brazilian capital located entirely north of the equator. Boa Vista has an equatorial climate, with high temperatures throughout the year and a very narrow range of temperatures, with an average temperature of about 30 °C. It also lies within a very wet climate with annual precipitation often more than 2000 mm. These hot and wet conditions are ideal for the growth of plants, so the vegetation found in the city is both dense and varied. The equatorial rainforests also have an extremely diverse fauna.
Boa Vista is the most populous municipality in the state of Roraima; approximately half of the population of the state lives in the city. Commerce mostly occurs with Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas. Business also takes place between Boa Vista and with the cities of Lethem, in Guyana and Santa Elena de Uairén, in Venezuela. These two foreign cities are the only major cities that can be accessed from Boa Vista by road, although roads connect other smaller state municipalities with the capital city. Travel by airplane is the only means of transportation with other regions of the country.
wn.com/Boa_Vista,_Roraima -
Brasilia
Brasília (pronounced [bɾaˈziʎɐ] nationwide, in both colloquial and educated speech) is the federal capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Federal District. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city is located in the Federal District, and is in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,562,963 (3,716,996 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. However, as a metropolitan area, it ranks lower at sixth. It is listed as a World Heritage Site UNESCO.
As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies. Planning policies such as the location of residential buildings around expansive urban areas, as well as building the city around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, have sparked a debate and reflection on life in big cities in the 20th century. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector or the Embassy Sector. Brasília hosts 124 foreign embassies.
wn.com/Brasilia -
Brasília
Brasília (pronounced [bɾaˈziʎɐ] nationwide, in both colloquial and educated speech) is the federal capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Federal District. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city is located in the Federal District, and is in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,562,963 (3,716,996 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. However, as a metropolitan area, it ranks lower at sixth. It is listed as a World Heritage Site UNESCO.
As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies. Planning policies such as the location of residential buildings around expansive urban areas, as well as building the city around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, have sparked a debate and reflection on life in big cities in the 20th century. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector or the Embassy Sector. Brasília hosts 124 foreign embassies.
wn.com/Brasília -
Brazil
Brazil
i/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, 
listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
wn.com/Brazil -
Campinas
Campinas (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs], Plains) is a Brazilian city of São Paulo State, in the country's Southeast Region. According the 2010 Census, the city population is 1,080,999, making it the fourteen most populous Brazilian city and the third in the São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater Campinas, as of 2011, contains nineteen cities, including Campinas, and has a total population of 2,832,297 people.
The Viracopos International Airport, localized in city's periphery, connects Campinas with many others Brazilian cities and with the world. The city is home to the State University of Campinas, one of the most prestigious in Latin America.
Campinas means grass fields in Portuguese and refers to its characteristic landscape, which originally comprised large stretches of dense subtropical forests (mato grosso or thick woods in Portuguese), mainly along the many rivers, interspersed with gently rolling hills covered by low-lying vegetation.
Campinas was also known as "Cidade das Andorinhas" (City of Swallows), because it was a favorite spot for these migratory birds, which flocked annually in enormous numbers to downtown Campinas. However, they almost disappeared around the 1950s, probably because the church and plaza where they used to roost were torn down. Campinas' official crest and flag has a picture of the mythical bird, the phoenix, because it was practically reborn after a devastating epidemic of yellow fever in the 1800s, which killed more than 25% of the city's inhabitants.
wn.com/Campinas -
Campo Grande
Coordinates: 20°27′44″S 54°36′40″W / 20.46222°S 54.61111°W / -20.46222; -54.61111
Campo Grande (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkɐ̃pu ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi], Great Field) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul in the Center-West region of the country. The city is nicknamed Cidade Morena ("Swarthy City" in Portuguese) because of the reddish-brown colour of the region's soil. It has a population of 796,252, according to a 2011 IBGE estimate, while its metropolitan area is home to 991,420 people (2010).[citation needed]
The region where the city is located was in the past a waypoint for travellers who wanted to go from São Paulo or Minas Gerais to northern Mato Grosso by land. In the early 1900s a railway was completed connecting Campo Grande to Corumbá, on the Bolivian border, and to Bauru, São Paulo. Also in the beginning of the 20th century, the Western Brazilian Army Headquarters was established in Campo Grande, making it an important military center.
With a population growth from 140,000 people in 1970 to 750,000 people in 2008, Campo Grande is the third largest urban center of the Center-West region, and the 23rd largest city in the country. In 1977, the State of Mato Grosso was split into two, and Campo Grande became the capital of the new state of Mato Grosso do Sul, comprising the southern portion of the former state. By that time, Campo Grande had long surpassed the latter's capital city of Cuiabá in population, which is unusual in Brazil, where most capitals are also the states' largest cities.
wn.com/Campo_Grande -
Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
wn.com/Canada -
Careiro
Coordinates: 03°46′04″S 60°22′08″W / 3.76778°S 60.36889°W / -3.76778; -60.36889 Careiro is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 24,972 (2005) and its area is 6,092 km².
wn.com/Careiro -
Caxias do Sul
Caxias do Sul (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʃias du suw]) is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region. Coordinates: 29°10′0″ S, 51°11′0″ W. It was established by Italian immigrants on June 20, 1890. Today it is the second largest city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The demonym of the citizens of Caxias do Sul is caxiense.
The history of Caxias do Sul starts before the arrival of the Italians, when the region was being roamed by cattlemen and occupied by Indians. Back then, the region was called "Indians' Field". The Italian immigrants' occupation, mostly farmers from the Veneto region (northern Italy), started taking place in 1875 in Nova Milano. Hence, they were in search of a better place to live. They also met people from Lombardy, Trento, and other places. Although they had gotten some governmental support, such as tools, supplies, and seeds, everything had to be reimbursed.
Two years later, the colonial headquarters of the Indians' Field was given the name Caxias Colony. The town was created on July 20, 1890 and acknowledged in the same year, on August 24. Many economic cycles marked the evolution of the city throughout that century. The first one is connected to the most peculiar aspect of its cultural identity: the growth of vines and the production of wine for own consumption at first, and later on, for commercialization.
wn.com/Caxias_do_Sul -
Ceará
Ceará (Portuguese pronunciation: [siaˈɾa]) is one of the 27 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is currently the 8th largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the main touristic destinations in Brazil. The state capital is the city of Fortaleza.
Literally, the name Ceará means "sings the jandaia". According to José de Alencar, one of the most important writers of Brazil and an authority in Tupi Guaraní, Ceará means turquoise or green waters. There are also theories that the state name would derive from Siriará, a reference to the crabs from the seashore.
The state is best known for its extensive coastline, with 573 kilometers (356 mi) of sand. There are also mountains and valleys producing tropical fruits. To the south, on the border of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Piauí, is the National Forest of Araripe.
Ceará has an area of 148,016 km². It is bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the east by the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, on the south by Pernambuco state, and on the west by Piauí.
wn.com/Ceará -
Charlotte
Charlotte ( /ˈʃɑrlət/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of North Carolina and the seat of Mecklenburg County. In 2010, Charlotte's population according to the US Census Bureau was 731,424, making it the 17th largest city in the United States based on population. The Charlotte metropolitan area had a 2010 population of 1,758,038. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a wider thirteen-county labor market region or combined statistical area with a 2010 U.S. Census population of 2,402,623. Residents of Charlotte are referred to as "Charlotteans."
The city is a major U.S. financial center, and is now the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The nation's second largest financial institution by assets,Bank of America, calls the city home. The city was also the former corporate home of Wachovia until its purchase by Wells Fargo in 2008; Charlotte became the headquarters for East Coast Operations of Wells Fargo. Charlotte is also home of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League, the Charlotte Bobcats of the National Basketball Association, the NASCAR Hall of Fame, and the U.S. National Whitewater Center.
wn.com/Charlotte -
China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
wn.com/China -
Colonial Brazil
The Viceroyalty of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Reino do Brasil) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to kingdom alongside Portugal as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
During the over 300 years of Brazilian colonial history, the economic exploration of the territory was based first on brazilwood extraction (16th century), sugar production (16th–18th centuries), and finally on gold and diamond mining (18th century). Slaves, especially those brought from Africa, provided most of the working force of Brazilian economy.
In contrast to the neighbouring fragmented Spanish possessions, the Portuguese colony, built up by the Portuguese in Latin America, kept its territorial unity and linguistic integrity after the independence, giving rise to the largest country in the region.
Portugal and Spain pioneered the European discovery of sea routes that were the first channels of interaction between all of the World's continents, thus beginning the process of globalization. In addition to the adventurous undertaking of discovery and colonization of far off lands, these years were filled with pronounced advancements in cartography, shipbuilding and navigational instruments, from which the Portuguese and Spanish explorers took advantage.
wn.com/Colonial_Brazil -
Contagem
Contagem (Portuguese pronunciation: [kõˈtaʒẽj]) is a city in the center of the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. It is located only 21 kilometers from the capital, Belo Horizonte and forms part of a metropolitan area with a population of 4.8 million.
The city belongs to the mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Belo Horizonte and has a territorial extension of 195.2 km² and borders the municipalities of Ribeirão das Neves, Esmeraldas, Betim, Ibirité and Belo Horizonte. The elevation of the city hall is 939 meters.
According to estimates from 2008 the municipal population was 617,741 making it the second most populous city in the state of Minas Gerais, after Belo Horizonte.
The population is very young with 86% of the population being less than 50 years old.
Educational indicators:
Contagem is primarily a city of heavy industry with a diversified industrial complex; even though minerals processing and chemicals still have a large importance. The municipality is responsible for 4.2% of the state GDP, occupying second place after Belo Horizonte. Serious problems with both water and air pollution exist and the Pampulha Lake (Belo Horizonte) receives large quantities of heavy metals from the city.
wn.com/Contagem -
Cuiabá
Cuiabá (Portuguese pronunciation: [kujaˈba]) is the capital city of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. It is located in the exact centre of South America and forms the metropolitan area of the state, along with the neighbouring town of Várzea Grande.
The name is of obscure South American Indian origin, reportedly meaning "arrow-fishing", and alludes to the Bororo custom of using arrows to fish. Another version says that there was an Indian tribe called Ykuiapá. Others say that, while a Portuguese man was once taking a bath in the river using a kind of plate made with half a coconut (named cuia), the stream carried it away, prompting the man to exclaim "Cuia ba" (something like "the cuia is gone"). Cuiabá is the largest centre for tourism, business, agribusiness, trade, and culture in Mato Grosso.
The new Marechal Rondon International Airport connects Cuiabá with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights.
The city is home to the Federal University of Mato Grosso.
Cuiabá was founded on January 1, 1727 by Rodrigo César de Menezes, then the "captain" of the captaincy of São Paulo in the aftermath of the discovery of gold mines. It was given township status in 1818 and became the capital in 1835.
wn.com/Cuiabá -
Curitiba
Curitiba (Tupi: "Pine Nut Land", Portuguese pronunciation: [kuɾiˈtibɐ] or [kuɾiˈtʃibɐ]) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. The city's population numbers approximately 1.75 million people, making it the 8th most populous in the country, and the largest in the Brazil's South Region. Its metropolitan area, called Curitiba Metropolitan Area (Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, in Portuguese), comprises 26 municipalities with a total population of over 3.2 million (IBGE estimate in 2010), the seventh most populous in the country.
Curitiba is an important cultural, political and economic centre in the country and in Latin America. The city sits on a plateau at 932 metres (3,058 ft) above sea level. It is located 105 kilometres (65 mi) west of the sea port of Paranaguá and is served by the Afonso Pena International and Bacacheri airports. The city hosts the Federal University of Paraná, established in 1912, one year before electric streetcars were first deployed.
Curitiba's rapid expansion was based on the cattle trade, the city being located half-way between the cattle breeding country to the south and the markets to the north. Waves of European immigrants started arriving after 1850, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians, contributing to the economic and cultural development of the city. Nowadays, only smaller numbers of foreign immigrants arrive, mainly from Middle Eastern and others Latin American countries, but there is a substantial inward flow of Brazilians from other states of the country (approximately half the population of Curitiba was not born in the city).
wn.com/Curitiba -
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic (i/dəˌmɪnɨkən rɨˈpʌblɪk/; Spanish: República Dominicana [reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana]) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population, the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with 48,442 square kilometres (18,704 sq mi) and an estimated 10 million people.
Taínos inhabited what is now the Dominican Republic since the 7th century. Christopher Columbus landed on it in 1492, and it became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, namely Santo Domingo, the country's capital and Spain's first capital in the New World. Santo Domingo can boast of many firsts in the Americas, including the first cathedral, and castle, both in the Ciudad Colonial area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
wn.com/Dominican_Republic -
Duque de Caxias
Coordinates: 22°47′09″S 43°18′43″W / 22.78583°S 43.31194°W / -22.78583; -43.31194
Duque de Caxias (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈduki dʒi kaˈʃiɐʃ], Duke of Caxias) is a city in southeast Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, bordered by Rio de Janeiro (city) to the south. Its population was 842,890 (2005) and its area is 465 km². Its current Mayor is José Camilo Zito. The city is the third most populous in Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area.
Although the city is the second richest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, it still has sewage rivers running right under domestic porches and balconies. It has important industries such as oil refinery and chemical. It is named after Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, who was born there in 1803. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Duque de Caxias.
Duque de Caxias Futebol Clube is the local football (soccer) team of the city. The club plays their home matches at Estádio Romário de Souza Faria, which has a maximum capacity of 10,000 people. Estádio De Los Larios, located in the district of Xerém, has a maximum capacity of 11,000 people and it is the home ground of Esporte Clube Tigres do Brasil.
wn.com/Duque_de_Caxias -
Empire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II, both members of the House of Braganza—a branch of the Capetian dynasty. A colony of the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King Dom João VI (John VI), fled from Napoleon I's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. João VI later returned to Portugal, leaving his eldest son and heir, Pedro, to rule Brazil as regent.
wn.com/Empire_of_Brazil -
Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo (Portuguese pronunciation: [esˈpiɾitu ˈsɐ̃tu]) is one of the states of southeastern Brazil, often referred to by the abbreviation "ES". Its capital is Vitória and the largest city is Vila Velha. The name of the state means literally "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity. With an extensive coastline (40% of the territory is on the coast), the state has some of the country's main ports but the beaches are the best tourist attractions. Vitória, the capital, is on an island, next to Guarapari, well known by its sands. In the extreme north is the Itaúnas part of the municipality of Conceição da Barra, whose sand dunes and forró are famous. Also on the coast, the typical gastronomy is another attraction with the moquecas capixabas and many fruits from the ocean and seafood. In the country of the state there are many natural beauties, such as the parks of Pedra Azul and Alto Caparaó, and the Italian and German colonies.
With 46,180 square kilometers (17,830 sq mi), it is about the size of Estonia, or half the size of Portugal, and has a variety of habitats including coastal planes, lakes, mountainous forests, mangroves and many others.
wn.com/Espírito_Santo -
Feira de Santana
Feira de Santana (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfejɾɐ dʒi sɐ̃ˈtɐ̃nɐ], Saint Anne's Market) is a city in Bahia, Brazil. It is the second-most populous city in the state, with a population of 740,000 according to IBGE's estimate. It is located 100 km northwest of Salvador, Bahia's capital city. These cities are connected by BR-324, a four-lane divided highway. Feira de Santana's nickname is a princesa do sertão or "the backcountry's princess".
Feira de Santana takes is name in honor of two of its founders. In the 18th century, Domingos Barbosa de Araujo and his wife Anna Brandoa built a chapel on the Fazenda Sant'Anna dos Olhos D’Água (Saint Anna of the Fountains Plantation). They dedicated the chapel to their Saint, Saint Anna. The city is also known as "The Gateway to the Backcountry", for its location in the Agreste zone, a geographic region that separates the wet "Zona da Mata" from the arid and desert "Sertão";
The location gradually became a common stopping point for voyagers and traders from the high sertão of Bahia and from other states on the trail to the port of Cachoeira and other important villages of Bahia. The area also developed a periodic market together with a prosperous cattle commerce.
wn.com/Feira_de_Santana -
Florianópolis
Florianópolis (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾi.aˈnɔpolis] or [floɾjɐˈnɔpʊliʃ]) is the capital city and second largest city of Santa Catarina state in the Southern region of Brazil. It is composed of one main island, the Island of Santa Catarina (Ilha de Santa Catarina), a continental part and the surrounding small islands. It has a population of 427,298, according to a 2009 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics estimate, the second most populous city in the state (after Joinville), and the 47th in Brazil. The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,096,476, the 21st largest in the country. The city is known for having a very high quality of life, being the Brazilian capital city with the highest HDI (0.905) according to the UN.
The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology, tourism and services. The city has 42 beaches and is a center of surfing activity. The New York Times reported that "Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009." on January 11, 2009. Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the "Ten most dynamic cities of the world" list in 2006.Veja magazine, a Brazilian publication, named the city as "the best place to live in Brazil." As a result of this publicity, Florianópolis is growing as a second home destination for many Paulistas, Argentines, Americans and Europeans.
wn.com/Florianópolis -
Fortaleza
Fortaleza (Portuguese pronunciation: [foʁtaˈlezɐ], Fortress) is the state capital of Ceará, located in Northeastern Brazil. With a population close to 2.3 million (metropolitan region over 3.4 million), Fortaleza is the 5th largest city in Brazil. It has an area of 313 square kilometres (121 sq mi) and one of the highest demographic densities in the country (8,001 per km²). To the north of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean; to the south are the municipalities of Pacatuba, Eusébio, Maracanaú and Itaitinga; to the east is the municipality of Aquiraz and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west is the municipality of Caucaia. Residents of the city are known as Fortalezenses. The current mayor is Luizianne Lins a former academic at the local Federal University of Ceará and well known feminist. The city will be one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the host nation.
Fortaleza's history began on February 2, 1500, when Spaniard Vicente Pinzón landed in Mucuripe's cove and named the new land Santa Maria de la Consolación. Because of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the discovery was never officially sanctioned. Colonisation began when the Portuguese Pero Coelho de Souza constructed the Fortim de São Tiago in the estuary of Ceará River in 1603. Later, the Dutch occupied the Brazilian Northeast and founded the Fort Schoonenborch. When they were expelled from Ceará, the Portuguese renamed it to Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Assunção. In 1726, the town of the fort was raised to the condition of village. In 1799, the Province of Ceará was separated from the Province of Pernambuco and Fortaleza was chosen as its capital.
wn.com/Fortaleza -
France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
wn.com/France -
Geography of Brazil
The country of Brazil occupies roughly half of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil covers a total area of 8,514,215 km2 (3,287,357 sq mi) which includes 8,456,510 km2 (3,265,080 sq mi) of land and 55,455 km2 (21,411 sq mi) of water. The highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,994 m (9,823 ft). Brazil is bordered by the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.
Much of the climate is tropical, with the south being relatively temperate. The largest river in Brazil, and one of the longest in the world, is the Amazon. The rainforest that covers the Amazon Basin constitutes almost half of the rainforests on Earth.
Geographic coordinates: 10°S 55°W / 10°S 55°W / -10; -55Coordinates: 10°S 55°W / 10°S 55°W / -10; -55
With its expansive territory, Brazil occupies most of the eastern part of the South American continent and its geographic heartland, as well as various islands in the Atlantic Ocean. The only countries in the world that are larger are Russia, Canada, the People's Republic of China, and the United States. The national territory extends 4,395 kilometres (2,731 mi) from north to south (5°16'20" N to 33°44'32" S latitude) and 4,319 kilometres (2,684 mi) from east to west (34°47'30" W to 73°59'32" W longitude). It spans three time zones, the easternmost of which is one hour ahead of Eastern Standard Time in the United States. The time zone of the capital (Brasília) and of the most populated part of Brazil along the east coast (UTC-3) is two hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time, except when it is on its own daylight saving time, from October to February. The Atlantic islands are in the easternmost time zone.
wn.com/Geography_of_Brazil -
Goiás
Goiás (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡoˈjas]) is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country. The name Goiás (formerly, Goyaz) comes from the name of an indigenous community. The original word seems to have been guaiá[verification needed], a compound of gua e iá, meaning "the same person" or "people of the same origin." Neighboring states are (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, the Federal District, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso.
The most central of the Brazilian states and the most populous of the region, Goiás is characterized by a landscape of chapadões (plateaus). In the height of the drought season, from June to September, the lack of rain makes the level of the Araguaia River go down and exposes almost 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of beaches, making it the main attraction of the State. At the Emas National Park in the municipality of Mineiros, it is possible to observe the typical fauna and flora from the region. At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the attractions are the canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions are the historical city of Goiás (or Old Goiás), 132 km (82 mi) from Goiânia, established in the beginning of 18th Century, and Caldas Novas, with its hot water wells attracting more than one million tourists per year.
wn.com/Goiás -
Goiânia
Goiânia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡoˈjɐ̃niɐ], English pronunciation: /ɡɔɪˈɑːniə/ ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás. With a population of 1,301,892, it is the largest city in the Central-Western Region and the 13th-largest in the country. Its metropolitan area has a total population of 2,063,744, making it the 11th-largest in Brazil.
Goiânia is a planned city founded on October 24, 1933 by then Governor Pedro Ludovico to serve as the new state capital and administrative center. Prior to this date, the state capital was the town of Goiás. Goiânia has the largest green area per inhabitant in Brazil, and is the second of the world, losing only to Edmonton in the world.
The idea of creating a new state capital had been bounced around from early on in the history of the state of Goiás. The first plan came from D. Marcos de Noronha who in 1753 wanted to establish the state capital in the municipality of Pirenópolis, then again in 1863 José Vieira Couto de Magalhães put forward a plan to move the capital to the edge of the river Araguaia.
wn.com/Goiânia -
Guarulhos
Coordinates: 23°28′00″S 46°32′00″W / 23.4666667°S 46.5333333°W / -23.4666667; -46.5333333
Guarulhos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡwaˈɾuʎus]) is the second largest city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo and a suburb of São Paulo city itself. In the last few years it has outgrown Campinas. The population in 2006 is 1,283,253, the density is 4,035.26 inh./km² and the area is 318 km². It is 12th largest incorporated city in Brazil.
Ranks 8th by GDP among Brazilian cities; 2nd in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002).
It is the 10th largest suburb in the world.
The name comes from the Tupi language, and means Eaters, big-bellied people; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area.
The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793.
São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport (GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there.
Mamonas Assassinas, a 1990s satirical pop/rock group, came from Guarulhos.
wn.com/Guarulhos -
Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
wn.com/Indonesia -
Iranduba
Coordinates: 03°17′06″S 60°11′09″W / 3.285°S 60.18583°W / -3.285; -60.18583 Iranduba is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 40,436 (2005) and its area is 2,215 km², making it one of the smallest municipalities in terms of size. It is located directly south of Manaus.
wn.com/Iranduba -
Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
wn.com/Israel -
Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
wn.com/Italy -
Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
wn.com/Japan -
Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( /dʒəˈruːsələm/; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim ; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds and/or أورشليم Ûrshalîm) is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such, and one of the oldest cities in the world. It is located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 801,000 residents over an area of 125.1 km2 (48.3 sq mi). Jerusalem is also a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. In 1538, walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond its boundaries.
wn.com/Jerusalem -
Joinville
Joinville (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒõjˈvili], [ʒo.ĩˈvili] or [ʒwĩˈvili]) is a city in Santa Catarina State, in the Southern Region of Brazil. Joinville is Santa Catarina's largest city and the major financial and commerce centre. In 2010, its population has reached approximately 520,000, many of whom are of German descent. Joinville's metropolitan area is home to 1,212,997 residents according to the 2010 census by IBGE
Owing to urban development and relatively good infrastructure, Joinville has become a major center for events and business conferences. The city has one of the highest standards of living in Latin America;
The first inhabitants in the region of Joinville were a Tupi people. Joinville was founded on March 9, 1851, by German, Swiss and Norwegian immigrants.
Even though it is considered a German-Brazilian city, its name is French (Joinville was named after François d'Orléans, prince of Joinville, son of King Louis-Philippe of France, who married Princess Francisca of Brazil, in 1843). The city's former name was Dona Francisca, but was changed to Joinville in 1851.
wn.com/Joinville -
João Pessoa
João Pessoa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w peˈsoɐ]), is the capital city of the state of Paraíba, was founded in 1585 and sometimes called the city where the sun rises first, is a Brazilian city and the easternmost city in the Americas at 34º47'38"W, 7º9'28"S. Local residents call its easternmost point Ponta do Seixas. It is also considered "the second greenest city in the world". The city has more than 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) of forested land, second only to Paris, France. It gained this distinction in 1992, after a survey of urban centres in various countries carried out by the United Nations (source: Embassy of Brazil in the UK). The city is characterized by the juxtaposition of tropical beaches, modern architecture and historic buildings from colonial periods.
João Pessoa is the capital of Paraíba, a state in the northeast region of Brazil and home to some 19th and 20th century Brazilian poets and writers such as Augusto dos Anjos, José Américo de Almeida, José Lins do Rego and Pedro Américo. It took its current name in 1930, in homage to state president (governor) João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, who was assassinated on 26 July of that year. It is the state's largest city, with a population of circa 720,000 (about one sixth of the state's population). Its metropolitan area comprises eight other satellite cities (Bayeux, Cabedelo, Conde, Lucena, and Santa Rita) and about 384,000 people, totalling more than one million inhabitants.
wn.com/João_Pessoa -
Juiz de Fora
Juiz de Fora (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒwiz dʒi ˈfɔɾɐ], External Judge), also known as J.F., is a city in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, located close to the state border with Rio de Janeiro. According to 2006 estimates the current population is about 509,125 inhabitants. The geographical area of the municipality is 1,437 km².
The city's location was determinant for its economic and demographic development, for it is placed between the three most important financial and economic metropolises of southeast Brazil (and also the three largest urban sprawls of the country): Rio de Janeiro (189 km), Belo Horizonte (260 km) and São Paulo (486 km). Major highways connect Juiz de Fora with these three metropolitan areas, the most important -and crucial for the city's recent growth- being the BR 040, which connects Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte. Running throughout the city, the Paraibuna river is a major tributary of the Paraíba do Sul river, in which basin lies the core of Brazilian heavy and high-technology industries.
wn.com/Juiz_de_Fora -
Londrina
Londrina (Portuguese pronunciation: [lõˈdɾĩnɐ], Londoner) is a city located in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, and is 369 km away from the capital, Curitiba. Londrina was originally founded by British settlers. The city exerts great influence on Paraná and Brazil's south region. Londrina has approximately 500,000 inhabitants, being the second largest city in Paraná and the third largest city in the Southern Region of Brazil.
The city has a population of 506,645 (IBGE Census 2010) and 1,087,815 in its metropolitan area. It is a regional centre and is made up of commerce, services, agro-industries, and universities, including the State University of Londrina, or UEL.
Londrina was named after the British entrepreneurs who launched railroad stations in the region to ease the transportation of coffee grains from northern Paraná and southern São Paulo states to the port of Santos. The Londrina name pays homage to the English capital London (Londres in Portuguese), since an English cotton company made the original investment to settle in this area. The city's population consists of descendants of those settlers, Brazilians from other cities or states, Portuguese, English, Japanese, Italian, German, Polish, African, Spanish, Native, Arabian and Bulgarian Brazilians.
wn.com/Londrina -
Macapá
Macapá is a Brazilian city, the capital of Amapá state. The city is located in the North Region, and is the only state capital that has no highway connections with other capitals. Also of interest is the fact that the north and south sections of the city are divided by the equator.
It is the fifth wealthiest city in northern Brazil, the municipality stands alone, 2.85% of the entire Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the region, and with a population of 499,166 in its metropolitan area, Macapá is the third largest urban area in the North. Its area is 6407 km ² representing 4.4863% of the area of the state, 0.1663% and 0.0754% of the Region of the Brazilian territory that total 32.7 km ² are in the urban perimeter. The city alone accounts for 60% of the population of state of Amapá and 3.50% of the population of the entire northern region of Brazil. According to surveys conducted by IBGE in 2010, the city has a population of 397,913, of which 97.92% live in urban areas and 2.08% live in rural districts. With an area of 6563 km ², the population density of Macapá is approximately 60.62 inhabitants per km ². Macapá stands out, among the majority of Brazilian cities, by rapid economic growth seen in its population. The name Macapá is of Tupi origin and is a variation of "Macpaba", which means place of many bacabas, a palm tree native to the region, the bacabeira (scientific name 'Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.'). Before being named Macapá, the first name for the city was Nueva Andalucia Adelantado, officially granted by Charles V of Spain in 1544, in a concession to Francisco de Orellana, a Spanish navigator who was in the region.
wn.com/Macapá -
Maceió
Maceió (Portuguese pronunciation: [masejˈjɔ]) is the capital and the largest city of the coastal state Alagoas, Brazil. The name "maceió" is of Indian origin, and designates the naturally spontaneous courses of water which flow out of the soil. Most maceiós flow to the sea, but some get trapped and form lakes ("lagoas", in Portuguese).
There are plenty of maceiós and lakes in this part of Brazil; because of this, the city was named Maceió, and the State, Alagoas. The new Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport connects Maceió with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights. The city is home to the Federal University of Alagoas.
The city began in an old sugar mill and plantation complex around the 19th century. Its development started with the arrival of ships taking wood from Jaraguá bay.
With the installation of the sugar mills, Maceió started to export sugar, then tobacco, coconut, leather, and some spices. Prosperity made it possible for the settlement to become a village on December 5, 1815. Thanks to its continued growth, Maceió became the capital of the Alagoas Province on December 9, 1839.
wn.com/Maceió -
Manaus
Coordinates: 03°06′00″S 60°01′00″W / 3.1°S 60.0166667°W / -3.1; -60.0166667
Manaus (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈnaws]) is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination. Manaus belongs to mesoregion Center Amazonense and microregion Manaus. It is located in northern Brazil, 1,936 kilometers (1,203 mi) from the federal capital, Brasília.
The city was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro. It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of "Manaus", which means "mother of the gods" in tribute to the indigenous nation of Manaós, and legally transformed into a city on October 24 of 1848 with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of Black River". Only on September 4 of 1856 did it revert to its current name.
wn.com/Manaus -
Manaós
Coordinates: 03°06′00″S 60°01′00″W / 3.1°S 60.0166667°W / -3.1; -60.0166667
Manaus (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈnaws]) is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination. Manaus belongs to mesoregion Center Amazonense and microregion Manaus. It is located in northern Brazil, 1,936 kilometers (1,203 mi) from the federal capital, Brasília.
The city was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro. It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of "Manaus", which means "mother of the gods" in tribute to the indigenous nation of Manaós, and legally transformed into a city on October 24 of 1848 with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of Black River". Only on September 4 of 1856 did it revert to its current name.
wn.com/Manaós -
Maranhão
Maranhão (locally: [maɾɐˈɲɐ̃w]) is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the (clockwise from east) states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent inside the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect. Maranhão is described in books such as The Land of the Palm Trees, by Gonçalves Dias, and Casas de Pensão by Aluísio Azevedo.
The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation. Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís, designated a Unesco World Heritage Site. Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, with its lagoons, desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands, such as the Caju island, which shelters rare birds.
The northern portion of the state is a heavily forested plain traversed by numerous rivers, occupied by the eastern extension of the tropical moist forests of Amazonia. The Tocantins-Araguaia-Maranhão moist forests occupy the northwestern portion of the state, extending from the Pindaré River west into neighboring Pará state. The north-central and northeastern portion of the state, extending eastward into northern Piauí, is home to the Maranhão Babaçu forests, a degraded tropical moist forest ecoregion dominated by the Babaçu palm. Much of the forest has been cleared for cattle grazing and agriculture, and the Babaçu palm produces edible oil which is extracted commercially.
wn.com/Maranhão -
Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmatu ˈɡɾosu] – lit. "Thick Bushes") is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.
Neighboring states are (from west clockwise) Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest. A state with a flat landscape, alternating great chapadas and plain areas, Mato Grosso presents three different ecosystems: Cerrado, Pantanal and the Amazon Rainforest. The vegetation of the open pasture covers 40% of the state, and the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, with its caves, grottos, tracks and waterfalls, is one of its great tourist attractions. In the north is the Amazonian forest, with a biodiversity covering half of the state. The Xingu National Park and the Araguaia River are in Mato Grosso. Further south, the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland, is the habitat for almost a thousand species of animals, with many aquatic birds.
Located in the Mato Grosso is the Chapada dos Guimarães, a unique and beautiful environment made from sandstone mountains and their subsequent erosion. The terrain of the Mato Grosso is varied and includes cliffs, canyons, and beautiful waterfalls.
wn.com/Mato_Grosso -
Mato Grosso do Sul
Mato Grosso do Sul (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmatu ˈɡɾosu du ˈsuw]) is one of the states of Brazil.
Neighboring Brazilian states are (from north clockwise) Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. It also borders the countries of Paraguay and Bolivia to the west. The economy of the state is largely based on agriculture and cattle-raising. Bisected in the south by the Tropic of Capricorn, Mato Grosso do Sul generally has a warm and humid climate, and is crossed by numerous affluents of the Parana River.
The state is also famous for its natural beauty and is a major destination for domestic and international tourism. The Pantanal lowlands cover 12 municipalities and presents an enormous variety of flora and fauna, with forests, natural sand banks, savannahs, open pasture, fields and bushes. The city Bonito, in the mountain of Bodoquena, has prehistoric caverns, natural rivers, waterfalls, swimming pools and the Blue Lake cavern.
The name "Mato Grosso do Sul" literally means "Thick Forest of the South" in Portuguese, a name inherited from its northern neighbour state of Mato Grosso, of which it was part until the 1970s. It is not uncommon for people to mistakenly refer to Mato Grosso do Sul as simply "Mato Grosso". Other names that were proposed, at the time of the split and afterwards, include "Pantanal" (a reference to its best known geographical feature) and "Maracaju" (a reference to the Maracaju mountain range that crosses the state from north to south).
wn.com/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul -
Mauá
Coordinates: 23°40′04″S 46°27′39″W / 23.66778°S 46.46083°W / -23.66778; -46.46083
Mauá (IPA: [ma'wa]) is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, in Brazil. Is part of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The population as of 2006 is 413,943 inhabitants (11th largest city in population of the state), the density is 6,645.4/km² and the area is 62.6 km². The density is even greater, since one third of the city is industrial area and 10% is rural or forest. This place name comes from the Tupi language and means, the one that is high. As it's a municipality, it can be translated to high city.
Mauá has the 23rd largest GDP of São Paulo state.
Is the birthplace of Brazilian mother tableware industry.
Although there are various types of economic activity in the city (Logistics, Metallurgy, Chemical and Electrical Materials, and Petrochemical), Maua is still remembered as the "Capital of China and Pottery", because this activity has been very important for the development of the municipality. There are two industrial centers (Capuava and Sertãozinho) and a large petrochemical complex located where is the refinery of Petrobras, the RECAP. These poles transformed Mauá into one of the largest industrial parks in the country. Major road interventions are being implemented (the Beltway and the prolongation of the Avenue Jacu-Pêssego/Nova Trabalhadores), which, due to easier access to the city should influence the growth of industrial activity which today suffers from the bottleneck of the road network and its chronic lack of maintenance.
wn.com/Mauá -
Mesa, Arizona
Mesa ( /ˈmɛsə/ MES-ə) is a city in Maricopa County, in the U.S. state of Arizona and is a suburb located about 20 miles (32 km) east of Phoenix. Mesa is in the East Valley section of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It is bordered by Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south, and Apache Junction on the east. As of the 2010 Census Mesa became Arizona's center of population.
Mesa is the third-largest city in Arizona, after Phoenix and Tucson, the 38th-largest city and largest suburb in the US[clarification needed]. Despite being home to 439,041 as of 2010, reported by the Census Bureau, making its population larger than more recognizable cities such as Atlanta, Miami, Minneapolis, St. Louis, and Cleveland, Note that the city of Mesa 132.93 sq mi whereas the cities of Miami (35.68 sq mi), Minneapolis (54.9 sq mi), St. Louis (61.9 sq mi), and Cleveland (77.6 sq mi) are much smaller in terms of land area. If these cities were 133 sq. miles, their populations would be much larger. Minneapolis, for example, would have a population of over 761,000 in 132.9 sq. miles. Mesa is decidedly a bedroom community. Mesa is home to the Polytechnic campus of Arizona State University.
wn.com/Mesa,_Arizona -
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈminɐz ʒeˈɾajs]) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, ranks as the second most populous, the third by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte, is a major urban and finance center in Latin America, and stands as the third largest urban aglomeration in Brazil, after the cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, born in Belo Horizonte, being one of them. The main producer of coffee and milk in the country, Minas Gerais is known for its heritage of architecture and colonial art in historical cities such as Ouro Preto, Diamantina, Tiradentes and Mariana. In the south, the tourist points are the hydro mineral spas, such as Caxambu, São Lourenço, Poços de Caldas, São Thomé das Letras, Monte Verde and the national parks of Caparaó and Canastra. The landscape of the State is marked by mountains, valleys, and large areas of fertile lands. In the Serra do Cipó, Sete Lagoas, Cordisburgo and Lagoa Santa, the caves and waterfalls are the attractions. Some of Brazil's most famous caverns are located there.
wn.com/Minas_Gerais -
Netherlands
The Netherlands (i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
wn.com/Netherlands -
Niterói
Niterói (Portuguese pronunciation: [niteˈɾɔj]) is a city and municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast region of Brazil. It has an estimated population of 487,327 inhabitants (2010) and an area of 129.375 km (80.39 mi)², being the sixth most populous city in the state and the highest Human Development Index Rio de Janeiro's city, and one of largest in Brazil. Integrates the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. The city has the nicknames of Niquiti, Nicki City and the Smile City (Cidade Sorriso).
Studies by the Getulio Vargas Foundation in June 2011 classified Niterói as the richest city of Brazil, with 55.7% of the population included in class A. Considering the classes A and B, Niterói also appears in the first place, with 85.9% of the population entered in these classes. The word "Niterói" comes from the Tupi language and means "water that hides".
This city was founded on November 22, 1573 by the Tupi Amerindian chief Araribóia (who later was converted to Roman Catholicism and given the Christian name of Martim Afonso, after the Portuguese explorer Martim Afonso de Sousa). It makes Niteroi the only Brazilian city to have been founded by a non-Christian, non-assimilated Brazilian Amerindian..
wn.com/Niterói -
North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Norte do Brasil) is the largest Region of Brazil, corresponding to 45.27% of the national territory. It is the least inhabited of the country, and contributes with a minor percentage in the national GDP and population. It is composed by the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins.
Its demographic density is the lowest in Brazil considering all the regions of the country, with only 3.8 inhabitants per km2. Most of the population is centered in urban areas.
Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connects North region with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights.
The North is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and Federal University of Pará.
The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world.
Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.
wn.com/North_Region,_Brazil -
Northern Brazil
The North Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Norte do Brasil) is the largest Region of Brazil, corresponding to 45.27% of the national territory. It is the least inhabited of the country, and contributes with a minor percentage in the national GDP and population. It is composed by the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins.
Its demographic density is the lowest in Brazil considering all the regions of the country, with only 3.8 inhabitants per km2. Most of the population is centered in urban areas.
Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connects North region with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights.
The North is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and Federal University of Pará.
The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world.
Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.
wn.com/Northern_Brazil -
Nova Iguaçu
Coordinates: 22°45′32″S 43°27′03″W / 22.75889°S 43.45083°W / -22.75889; -43.45083 Nova Iguaçu (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɐ iɡwaˈsu], New Iguaçu) is a city in Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil. It is part of the Greater Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. It was the state's second largest city in population until Mesquita was split off, and now it is the fourth largest behind São Gonçalo, Duque de Caxias and the state capital, Rio de Janeiro. It lies northwest of Rio de Janeiro, in the centre of the northern part of its metropolitan area, Baixada Fluminense. The current mayor is Sheila Gama (PDT). The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nova Iguaçu.
Its estimated population is around 800,000 people. Nova Iguaçu, as a suburb of Rio de Janeiro, is under the influence of the capital; many workers and students commute daily to Rio, or weekly or monthly so as to find more options in culture, entertainment, goods, health care, etc. In Brazil, it is a city of averagely lower middle income. There are a few tourist attractions in the municipality.
wn.com/Nova_Iguaçu -
Novo Airão
Coordinates: 02°37′15″S 60°56′38″W / 2.62083°S 60.94389°W / -2.62083; -60.94389 Novo Airão is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 15,915 (2007) and its area is 37,771 km².
"Novo Airão lies 100km to the northwest of Manaus, on the banks of the Rio Negro, and is reachable both by river and road. There‘s not actually that much to the town itself, and the chief reason for visiting is potentially for access to the surrounding area and - more recently - to feed and/or swim with the dolphins. The latter facility is offered at a small floating café down at the harbour, but rumour has it that the owners are at odds with the federal environment agency IBAMA, and so there is no guarantee that this activity will continue - so if possible you should check this out before you leave Manaus.
If you do decide to go to Novo Airão independently, it is worth noting that there are a small number of boatmen at the port who for a fee will take you to see the surrounding area. Charges vary, but expect to pay around R$100 per day plus fuel. Areas potentially accessible include the Anavilhanas..., Velho Airão (the ruins of the old town, and nearby petroglyphs), and perhaps the River Jaú (although this would certainly require an overnight and you may need permission from the federal environment agency IBAMA to access the Jaú national park). The boatmen should belong to the Associacão de Operadores de Turismo em Novo Airão (ATUNA), and be flying the ATUNA flag on their boat, as they are the only ones allowed to access the Anavilhanas.
wn.com/Novo_Airão -
Opera
Opera (English plural: operas; Italian plural: opere) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble.
Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition. It started in Italy at the end of the 16th century (with Jacopo Peri's lost Dafne, produced in Florence around 1597) and soon spread through the rest of Europe: Schütz in Germany, Lully in France, and Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe, except France, attracting foreign composers such as Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his "reform" operas in the 1760s. Today the most renowned figure of late 18th century opera is Mozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas, especially The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and Così fan tutte, as well as The Magic Flute, a landmark in the German tradition.
wn.com/Opera -
Osasco
Osasco (Portuguese pronunciation: [oˈzasku]) is a municipality and city in São Paulo State, Brazil, is located in the Greater São Paulo and ranking 5th in population among São Paulo municipalities. The current mayor is Emidio Pereira de Souza (PT). The population in 2008 is 713,066, the density is 10,970/km² and the total area is 65 km². It is among the world more dense cities, similar in density to Tokyo and New York City. It's considered the major urban centre of the Western portion of the Greater São Paulo. It used to be a district of São Paulo City until February 19, 1962, when Osasco became a municipality of its own. In 1989 the city became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osasco.
The region that is now Osasco was inhabited by indigenous Tupi-Guaraní people.
Bandeirantes lived in the region that is now Osasco, then called "vila de Quitaúna". The famous "bandeirante" Antonio Raposo Tavares lived there.
Osasco was founded, in 19th century, by the Italian immigrant Antonio Agù (currently the name of one of the main streets in Osasco). He came from the commune Osasco in the province of Turin.To Help of the Baron Dimitri Sensaud de Lavaud. Osasco is said to be the place of the first heavier-than-air flight in Latin America. Immigrants from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Ireland, Armenia (Trade), Lebanon (Trade), Israel (Trade) and Japan (Rural) came to Osasco in the period.
wn.com/Osasco -
Palmas, Tocantins
Palmas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpawmɐs], Palm trees) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Tocantins. According to IBGE estimates from 2011, the city had 235,315 inhabitants. It has an area of 2474.95 km².
Palmas is located at the state geographic centre. The average altitude is 230 m (755 ft). The city is located between these hills and the Tocantins River. In the east Palmas is bordered by the Serra do Lajeado. The city is clearly investing in gardens, squares, flower beds and parks. The yearly average temperature variation is between 24°C (75°F) and 28°C (82°F) during the rain season (October–March) and 28°C (82°F) and 35°C (95°F) during the dry season (May–September). There is only little to moderate wind. Humidity: 76%. Palmas has several parks that offer some refreshment and calmness in the city that can be hot and restless.
Palmas was founded in 1990, with the purpose of being the capital of the newest Brazilian state Tocantins, which was established after the promulgation of the new 1988 Brazilian Constitution. The city has a well-designed road system, and its urban zoning is modelled on that of Brasília. It has a symmetrical park in the city centre. In 2002, the Lajeado Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir was completed, at which point the city gained many river beaches, and also the huge Ponte da Amizade Presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, which crosses over 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) over the reservoir, connecting Palmas with the major highway BR-153.
wn.com/Palmas,_Tocantins -
Paraná (state)
Paraná (Portuguese pronunciation: [paɾaˈna]) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the South of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line. Cut by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paraná has what is left of the araucaria forest, one of the most important subtropical forests in the world. At the border with Argentina is the National Park of Iguaçu, considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage site and the spectacle of the Cataratas do Iguaçu attracts about 700 thousand tourists per year. At only 40 km (25 mi) from there, at the border with Paraguay, the largest dam in the world was built, the Hidroelétrica de Itaipu. The State Park of Vila Velha near the city of Ponta Grossa, is another attraction, with great rocky formations sculpted by the erosion of rain and wind. Curitiba, the capital, is famous for its high quality of life, compared to the Brazilian average, and the Ilha do Mel, next to the historical Paranaguá, is another destination for eco-tourists.
wn.com/Paraná_(state) -
Paraíba
Paraíba (Tupi: pa'ra a'íba: "bad to navigation"; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: ([paɾaˈiba]) is a state of Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Northeast, and is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north, Ceará to the west, Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Paraíba is the third most densely populated state of the Northeast; João Pessoa, the sea-bordered state capital, and Campina Grande, in the interior, rank among the fifteen-largest municipalities in the Northeast of Brazil.
Paraíba is most populated along the Atlantic coast, which extends as far as Ponta do Seixas, the easternmost point of the Americas. The state is a touristic and industrial hotspot; it is known for its cultural heritage, amenable climate and geographical features, ranging from the seaside beaches to the Borborema Plateau. It is named after the Paraíba river.
Some of the most notable Brazilian writers and poets are from Paraíba like Augusto dos Anjos, José Américo de Almeida, José Lins do Rego and Pedro Américo, the last being also known for his historical paintings.
wn.com/Paraíba -
Pará
Pará (Portuguese pronunciation: [paˈɾa]) is a state in the north of Brazil. It borders the Brazilian states of (clockwise from north) Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest it also borders Guyana and Suriname, and to the northeast it borders the Atlantic Ocean. The capital and largest city is Belém, the 11th most populous city in the country.
Pará is the most populous state of the northern region with a population of over 7.5 million. It is the second largest state of Brazil in area, with 1,247,689.515 km², second only to Amazonas (it was the third until Mato Grosso do Sul broke away from Mato Grosso in 1977). Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest. Pará produces rubber (extracted from natural rubber tree groves), tropical hardwoods such as mahogany, and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite.
Every October, Belém receives tens of thousands of tourists for the year's most important religious celebration, the procession of the Círio de Nazaré. Another important attraction of the capital is the marajó-style ceramics, based on pottery from the extinct Marajó indigenous culture, whose designs have gained considerable international fame.
wn.com/Pará -
Pernambuco
Pernambuco (Portuguese pronunciation: [pɛʁnɐ̃ˈbuku]) is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about 187 kilometers (116 mi) of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the Region, as Porto de Galinhas, Carneiros and Calhetas. In 1982 the city of Olinda, the second oldest Brazilian city, was declared a Historical and Cultural Patrimony of Humanity by the UNESCO. Recife, the Capital of State and Olinda have one of the most traditional and best carnaval of Brasil. Both have Portuguese architecture, with centuries-old casarões and churches, and kilometers of beaches and much culture. The state of Pernambuco also includes the archipelago Fernando de Noronha. The proximity of the Equator guarantees an entire year of sun, with average temperatures of 26 °C (79 °F).
Pernambuco comprises a comparatively narrow coastal zone, a high inland plateau, and an intermediate zone formed by the terraces and slopes between the two.
wn.com/Pernambuco -
Perugia
Perugia (Italian pronunciation: [peˈruːdʒa] ( listen); (Latin: Perusia) is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the River Tiber, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city is located about 164 kilometres (102 mi) north of Rome. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area.
The history of Perugia goes back to the Etruscan period. The city is also known as a university town, with the University of Perugia (about 34,000 students), the University for Foreigners (5,000 students), and some smaller colleges, also. There are annual festivals and events: the Eurochocolate Festival (October), the Umbria Jazz Festival, and the International Journalism Festival (in April).
Perugia is a well-known artistic centre of Italy. The famous painter Pietro Vannucci, nicknamed Perugino, was a native of Città della Pieve near Perugia. He decorated the local Sala del Cambio with a beautiful series of frescoes; eight of his pictures can also be admired in the National Gallery of Umbria. Perugino was the teacher of Raphael, the great Renaissance artist who produced five paintings in Perugia (today no longer in the city) and one fresco. Another famous painter, Pinturicchio, lived in Perugia. Galeazzo Alessi is the most famous architect from Perugia. The city symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city.
wn.com/Perugia -
Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
wn.com/Philippines -
Piauí
Piauí (Portuguese pronunciation: [pjaˈwi] or [pi.awˈi]) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country.
Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the non-landlocked Brazilian states at 66 km (41 mi), and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland. The reason for this is, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around. In the Southeast of the State, the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world, in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga.
The state has many highly important archaeological sites, including Serra de Capivara National Park and Sete Cidades National Park, which are rich in remains of prehistoric Paleo-Indian and sedentary-based Indigenous Brazilian complex cultures.
The first settlers in Piauí were sertanistas, from São Paulo, like Domingos Jorge Velho, or from Portugal, like Domingos Afonso Mafrense. Mafrense founded what is today Oeiras, whilst the first herds of cattle were taken there by Velho.
wn.com/Piauí -
Ponta Pelada Airport
Ponta Pelada Airport (IATA: PLL, ICAO: SBMN) was until 1976 the main airport of Manaus, Brazil. Between 1970 and 1976 facilities were shared with Manaus Air Force Base of the Brazilian Air Force. On March 31, 1976, all civilian operations were transferred to the newly opened Eduardo Gomes International Airport. On the same occasion, Ponta Pelada Airport was renamed Manaus Air Force Base and its control was transferred to the Brazilian Air Force. Since then it handles exclusively military operations.
The following airlines once served the airport:
The airport is located 9 km (6 mi) from downtown Manaus.
wn.com/Ponta_Pelada_Airport -
Porto Velho
Porto Velho (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoʁtu ˈvɛʎu], Old Port) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Rondônia, in the upper Amazon River basin. The population is estimated to be 435,732 people (IBGE/2010). Located on the border of Rondônia and the state of Amazonas, the town is an important trading center for cassiterite, the mining of which represents the most important economic activity in the region, as well as a transportation and communication center. It is located on the eastern shore of the Madeira River, one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River. It is also Rondônia's largest city.
The municipality occupies most of the border between Amazonas and Rondônia, and is simultaneously the westernmost and northernmost city in the state.
Officially founded on October 2, 1914, Porto Velho was founded by pioneers around 1907, during the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré railroad. After the railroad was completed, the local population was about one thousand inhabitants; its buildings were chiefly the railway's installations and the wooden houses of the Caribbean (mainly Barbadian) workers - hence the name of the town's largest district by then, "Barbados Town", nowadays called the "Alto do Bode".
wn.com/Porto_Velho -
Portugal
Portugali/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.
wn.com/Portugal -
Recife
Recife (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁeˈsifi] ( listen), Reef) is the fifth-largestmetropolitan area in Brazil with 4,136,506 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 5th-largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper was 1,536,934 in 2010.
Recife is located where the Beberibe River meets the Capibaribe River to flow into the Atlantic Ocean. It is a major port on the Atlantic Ocean. Its name is an allusion to the coral reefs that are present by the city's shores. The many rivers, small islands and over 50 bridges found in Recife city center characterize its geography and gives it the moniker of the "Brazilian Venice."
The Metropolitan Region of Recife is the main industrial zone of the State of Pernambuco; most relevant products are those derived from cane (sugar and ethanol), electronics, food, and others; thanks to the fiscal incentives of government, many industrial enterprises were started in the 1970s and 1980s. Recife has a tradition of being the most important commercial center of the North/Northeastern region of Brazil with more than 52,500 business enterprises in Recife itself plus 32,500 in the Metro Area which totals more than 85,000.
wn.com/Recife -
Ribeirão Preto
Ribeirão Preto (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁibejˈɾɐ̃w ˈpɾetu], Black Brook) is a municipality and city in the Northeastern region of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is nicknamed Brazilian California, because of a combination of an economy based on agrobusiness plus high technology, wealth and sunny weather all year long. With 605,114 inhabitants, Ribeirão Preto is the ninth largest municipality in the state. With a total area of 652.2 km² (251.8 sq mi), its coordinates are 21° 10’ 42" South latitude and 47° 48’ 24" West longitude; and it is situated 313 km (194 mi) from the city of São Paulo and 706 km (439 mi) from Brasília, the federal capital. Mean altitude is 546.8 meters high (1,794 ft).
The population of Ribeirão Preto includes, amongst other groups, descendents of Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Japanese immigrants who were attracted to the region because of the coffee agriculture, right after the Abolition of Slavery in 1888, when immigrants were granted lands, after being indentured workers. Descendants of African slaves also constituted a big parcel of the population. Italians arrived in huge numbers, followed by Germans, Spaniards, Eastern Europeans, and Portuguese.
wn.com/Ribeirão_Preto -
Rio Branco
Rio Branco (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁiu ˈbɾɐ̃ku], White River) is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Acre. Located in the valley of the Acre River in northern Brazil, it is the most populous county in the state, with 305,954 inhabitants – almost half the state population, according to a 2009 estimate.
Rio Branco was one of the first settlements to appear on the banks of the Acre River. In 1913 it became a county. In 1920 it became the capital of the territory of Acre, and in 1962, the state capital. It is the administrative center for the economic and cultural region.
Rio Branco is located at 9° 58' 29" south and 67° 48' 36" west, at an altitude of 153 metres (502 ft) above sea level. The city is bisected by the Acre River, which divides it into the First and Second Districts. The river is crossed by six bridges, the newest bridge being the Catwalk Joaquim Macedo.
Rio Branco is located in the mesoregion of Vale do Jurua and the microregion of Rio Branco. It is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Bujari and Porto Acre; to the south by the municipalities of Xapuri, Capixaba, and Plácido de Castro; to the east by the municipality of Senador Guiomard; and to the west by the municipality of Sena Madureira.
wn.com/Rio_Branco -
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
wn.com/Rio_de_Janeiro -
Rio Grande do Norte
Rio Grande do Norte (lit. "Great Northern River", in reference to the mouth of the Potengi River, Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃dɨ du ˈnɔʁtɨ]) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern region of the country, occupying the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent. Because of its geographic position, Rio Grande do Norte has a strategic importance. The capital and largest city is Natal. It is the land of the folklorist Luís da Câmara Cascudo and, according to NASA, it has the purest air in the Americas. Its 410 km (254 mi) of sand, much sun, coconut palms and lagoons are responsible for the fame of beaches. Rocas Atoll, the only such feature in the Atlantic Ocean, is part of the state. The main economic activity is tourism, followed by the extraction of petroleum (the second largest producer in the country), agriculture, fruit growing and extraction of minerals, including considerable production of seasalt, among other economic activities. The state is famous for having many popular attractions such as the Maior cajueiro do mundo (world's largest cashew tree), the dunes and the dromedaries of Genipabu, the famous beaches of Ponta Negra, Maracajaú and Pipa's paradise, the Carnatal the largest off-season carnival in Brazil, the Forte dos Reis Magos is a medieval fortress, the hills and mountains of Martins, the Dunas Park the second largest urban park in the country, and several other attractions. The state is also closest to the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha.
wn.com/Rio_Grande_do_Norte -
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi du suw] ( listen); lit. "Great Southern River") is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index (HDI) in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine producing center in Brazil, the attraction is Italian gastronomy. Besides the European influence, the gaúchos, or inhabitants of Rio Grande do Sul, strongly cultivate the traditions of the Pampas — region of the border with Uruguay and Argentina — such as drinking mate (known as chimarrão drunk in special gourd cups), eating the typical barbecue, known as churrasco, and the traditional clothes are the bombachas (baggy trousers), boots and large hats. Although the majority of the population dresses non-traditionally, there is[citation needed][says who?] a widespread value for tradition and culture, which renders the image of "cultural zealots" sometimes attributed[by whom?] to the gaúchos.
wn.com/Rio_Grande_do_Sul -
Rio Preto da Eva
Coordinates: 02°41′56″S 59°42′00″W / 2.69889°S 59.7°W / -2.69889; -59.7 Rio Preto da Eva (Black River of Eve in Portuguese) is a municipality located just east of Manaus in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 24,283 (2005) and its area is 5,813 square kilometres (2,244 sq mi).
wn.com/Rio_Preto_da_Eva -
Rondônia
Rondônia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁõˈdõniɐ]) is a state in Brazil, located in the north-western part of the country. To the west is a short border with the state of Acre, to the north is the state of Amazonas, in the east is Mato Grosso, and in the south is Bolivia. Its capital is Porto Velho. The state was named after Candido Rondon. A boat ride on the Rio Madeira where one can appreciate the forest of 100-year old trees and such fauna as exotic birds is one of the best attractions of the state. Two-thirds of its area is covered by the Amazon Rainforest. Other attractions are the Chapada dos Parecis and the Serra do Pacaás, a national park, and the capital, Porto Velho, which is simple and with few buildings.
The state is covered mostly with Amazon Rainforest, but about three-fifths of the state has been deforested since intensive settlement and logging began in the 1970s, speeding up deforestation even into current times. A majority of its citizens now live in urban areas. It is a main exporter of wood, as well as a significant producer of both coffee and cocoa. It is also an important region for animal husbandry, specifically cattle.
wn.com/Rondônia -
Roraima
Roraima (Tupi: Green Plateau, Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁoˈɾajmɐ]) is the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil, located in the Amazon region. It borders the states of Amazonas and Pará, as well as the nations of Venezuela and Guyana. The population is approximately 450,000 (2010) and the capital is Boa Vista. Roraima is the Brazilian state with the fewest municipalities, 15 in total.
The climate of Roraima is tropical with an annual mean temperature of 26°C (78.8°F). The state's southern part is located in the Amazon rainforest, while the north has open grassland fields, and there is a small strip of savanna to the east. The state is rich in mineral deposits - especially gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite, marble and copper. Many of these deposits are located in indigenous reserves, and illegal mining has resulted in frequent conflicts with the native population, especially the Yanomami and the Macuxi and allied groups.
The Monte Roraima National Park is located around one of the highest mountains of both Venezuela (outside of the Andes) and Brazil, and the highest in Guyana, a 2,875 m (9,432 ft) high tepui known as Monte Roraima. Only a small fraction of the mountain is in Brazilian territory, however, and the highest point of the Brazilian part is at 2,734 metres (8,970 ft).
wn.com/Roraima -
Sagem
SAGEM (Société d’Applications Générales de l’Électricité et de la Mécanique, translated to Company of General Applications of Electricity and Mechanics) was a major French company involved in defence electronics, consumer electronics and communication systems.
In 2005, SAGEM and SNECMA merged to form SAFRAN. Together the companies focus mainly on Aeronautics, Defense and Security. The communications and mobile telephony businesses are not part of the Safran group; they make up SAGEMCOM and MobiWire.
SAGEM was founded in 1925 in Paris by Marcel Môme, Aged 25 he formed the (Society for the General Application of Electricity & Mechanics), a company whose central business would be mechanics. Early products included electrical components, power distribution equipment, cameras, projectors and military equipment.
From 1942, following a request from the French Ministry of Telecommunications, SAGEM developed a new communication system : the telex printer. This date marked their move towards telecommunications.
wn.com/Sagem -
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
wn.com/Salt_Lake_City -
Salvador (Bahia)
Salvador (Portuguese pronunciation: [sawvaˈdoʁ], Saviour; historic name: Cidade de São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, in English: "City of the Holy Saviour of the Bay of all Saints") is the largest city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the Northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia. Salvador is also known as Brazil's capital of happiness due to its easygoing population and countless popular outdoor parties, including its street carnival. The first colonial capital of Brazil, the city is one of the oldest in the Americas. For a long time, it was simply known as Bahia, and appears under that name (or as Salvador da Bahia, Salvador of Bahia so as to differentiate it from other Brazilian cities of the same name) on many maps and books from before the mid-20th century. Salvador is the third most populous Brazilian city, after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
The city of Salvador is notable in Brazil for its cuisine, music and architecture, and its metropolitan area is the wealthiest in Brazil's Northeast. The African influence in many cultural aspects of the city makes it the center of Afro-Brazilian culture. This reflects a situation in which African-associated cultural practices are celebrated. The historical center of Salvador, frequently called the Pelourinho, is renowned for its Portuguese colonial architecture with historical monuments dating from the 17th through the 19th centuries and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
wn.com/Salvador_(Bahia) -
Salvador, Bahia
Salvador (Portuguese pronunciation: [sawvaˈdoʁ], Saviour; historic name: Cidade de São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, in English: "City of the Holy Saviour of the Bay of all Saints") is the largest city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the Northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia. Salvador is also known as Brazil's capital of happiness due to its easygoing population and countless popular outdoor parties, including its street carnival. The first colonial capital of Brazil, the city is one of the oldest in the Americas. For a long time, it was simply known as Bahia, and appears under that name (or as Salvador da Bahia, Salvador of Bahia so as to differentiate it from other Brazilian cities of the same name) on many maps and books from before the mid-20th century. Salvador is the third most populous Brazilian city, after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
The city of Salvador is notable in Brazil for its cuisine, music and architecture, and its metropolitan area is the wealthiest in Brazil's Northeast. The African influence in many cultural aspects of the city makes it the center of Afro-Brazilian culture. This reflects a situation in which African-associated cultural practices are celebrated. The historical center of Salvador, frequently called the Pelourinho, is renowned for its Portuguese colonial architecture with historical monuments dating from the 17th through the 19th centuries and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
wn.com/Salvador,_Bahia -
Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic. Its metropolitan population was 2,084,852 in 2003, and estimated at 3,712,391 in 2010. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, at the mouth of the Ozama River. Founded by Bartholomew Columbus in 1496, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World. It lies within the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional (D.N.; "National District"), itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province.
Santo Domingo was called "Ciudad Trujillo", from 1930 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself. Following his assassination, the city resumed its original designation. Today, Santo Domingo is the Dominican Republic's major metropolis, and is the largest city in the Caribbean by population.[citation needed] Santo Domingo is ranked as a Gamma world city by Loughborough University.
wn.com/Santo_Domingo -
Santos, São Paulo
Santos (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈsɐ̃tus] ( listen), Saints) is a municipality in the São Paulo state of Brazil, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas.[citation needed] It is partially located on the island of São Vicente, which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of São Vicente, and partially on the mainland. It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista. As of 2006[update], its population was estimated at 418,375 (1,476,820 metro area). Santos has the biggest seaport in Latin America, which handled over 72 million tons in 2006. It has large industrial complexes and shipping centers, which handle a large portion of the world's coffee exports, as well as a number of other Brazilian exports including steel, oil, cars, oranges, bananas and cotton. The city is also home to the Coffee Museum, where, once, coffee prices were negotiated. There is also a football memorial, dedicated to the city's greatest players, which includes Pelé, who played for Santos Futebol Clube. Its beachfront garden, 5.335 km in length, figures in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world.
wn.com/Santos,_São_Paulo -
Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
wn.com/Seoul -
Sergipe
Sergipe (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɛʁˈʒipi]) (officially the State of Sergipe), is the smallest state of the Brazilian Federation, located on the northeastern Atlantic coast of the country. It borders on two other states, Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. Aracaju is the capital and the largest city of the state.
As with most of the states in northeastern Brazil, inland Sergipe is almost entirely savanna (caatinga), and its coastline is characterized by mangroves, swamps and sandy beaches. A small strip of tropical rainforest runs down the coast.
The São Francisco River forms its northern boundary, and the drainage of the northern part of the state is northward and eastward to that river. The southern half of the state slopes eastward and is drained directly into the Atlantic through a number of small rivers, the largest of which are the Irapiranga (whose source in the state of Bahia is called Vasa Barris at its mouth), the Real and the Cotinguiba. These streams are navigable for short distances, but are obstructed by sandbars at their mouths, and that of Cotinguiba is especially dangerous. The surface of the state resembles, in part, that of Bahia, with a zone of forested lands near the coast and beyond this forested zone lies a higher zone of rough open country, called agreste. There is a sandy belt along the coast, and the western frontier is slightly mountainous. The land in between is very fertile, especially in the forested region where the rainfall is abundant. Further inland, the year is divided into wet and dry seasons with occasional prolonged droughts. These are pastoral areas, and the lower fertile lands are cultivated. There are no good ports on the coast because of the sandbars at the mouths of the rivers.
wn.com/Sergipe -
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
wn.com/Shanghai -
South Korea
South Korea ( listen), officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk listen), is a sovereign state in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name "Korea" is derived from Goryeo, a dynasty which ruled in the Middle Ages (an initial "G" in Korean is pronounced like an English "K").
Its neighbors are China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the Korea Strait to the south. South Korea lies in the north temperate zone with a predominantly mountainous terrain. It covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of almost 50 million. The capital and largest city is Seoul, with a population of 9,794,304.
Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Lower Paleolithic period.Korean history begins with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary Dan-gun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Silla 668 AD, Korea went through the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until the end of the Korean Empire in 1910, when it was annexed by Japan. After liberation and occupation by Soviet and U.S. forces at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a democracy, though political turmoil and times of military rule and martial law characterized much of the period until the foundation of the Sixth Republic in 1987.
wn.com/South_Korea -
Southern Hemisphere
Coordinates: 45°0′0″S 0°0′0″E / 45°S 0°E / -45; 0
The Southern Hemisphere is the part of Earth that lies south of the equator. The word hemisphere (from the Greek word σφαιρα (sphere) +ημι (half)) literally means 'half ball' or "half sphere". It is also that half of the celestial sphere south of the celestial equator.
The Southern Hemisphere contains all or parts of four continents (Antarctica, Australia, most parts of South America and southern half of Africa), four oceans (South Atlantic, Indian, South Pacific, and Southern) and most of Oceania. Several islands off the Asian continental mainland are also in the Southern Hemisphere. Due to the tilt of Earth's rotation relative to the Sun and the ecliptic plane, summer is December to March and winter is June to September. September 22 or 23 is the vernal equinox and March 20 or 21 is the autumnal equinox.
Climates in the Southern Hemisphere overall tend to be slightly milder than those in the Northern Hemisphere at similar latitudes except in the Antarctic which is colder than the Arctic. This is because the Southern Hemisphere has significantly more ocean and much less land. Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land.
wn.com/Southern_Hemisphere -
Suriname
Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname (Dutch: Republiek Suriname, Dutch pronunciation: [ˌrepyˈblik ˌsyriˈnaːmə]), is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Suriname was first colonized by the British, and captured by the Dutch in 1667, who governed it as the colony of Suriname until 1954. The country of Suriname achieved independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in which Suriname, the Netherlands Antilles, and the Netherlands itself cooperated on a basis of equality since 1954, on 25 November 1975.
At just under 165,000 km2 (64,000 sq mi) Suriname is the smallest sovereign state in South America (French Guiana comprises less territory, but is French territory). It has an estimated population of approximately 560,000, most of whom live on the country's north coast, where the capital Paramaribo is located.
The name Suriname may derive from a Taino (Arawak-speaking) group called "Surinen" who first inhabited the region prior to European arrival.
wn.com/Suriname -
São José dos Campos
São José dos Campos (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w̃ ʒuˈzɛ dus ˈkɐ̃pus], meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a municipality and a major city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and one of the most important industrial and research centers in Latin America. It is located in the Paraíba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo (80 km (50 mi) from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (320 km (200 mi)). According to a 1999 UN study, São José dos Campos was rated one of the top 25 Brazilian cities for quality of life. With its high per capita income, long life expectancy and high level of infrastructure, São José dos Campos is a safe and secure city that offers a wide variety of stores and services. A native of São José dos Campos is called a joseense (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒozɛˈẽsi]).
The municipality is comprised by three districts: São José dos Campos — the city itself, (also the seat), Eugênio de Melo and São Francisco Xavier. The last one is known for its natural sites and ecotourism.
wn.com/São_José_dos_Campos -
São Luís, Maranhão
São Luís (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w luˈis], Saint Louis) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranhão. The city is located on Ilha de São Luís (São Luís Island) in the Baía de São Marcos (São Marcos Bay), an extension of the Atlantic Ocean which forms the estuary of Pindaré, Mearim, Itapecuru and other rivers. Its coordinates are 2.53° south, 44.30° west. The city proper has a population of some 986,826 people (2008 IBGE estimate). The metropolitan area totals 1,227,659, ranked as the 16th largest in Brazil.
São Luís is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France (see France Équinoxiale) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands (the others are Vitória and Florianópolis).
The city has two major sea ports: Madeira Port and Itaqui Port, through which a substantial part of Brazil's iron ore, originating from the (pre)-Amazon region, is exported. The city's main industries are metallurgical with Alumar, and Vale do Rio Doce. São Luís is home of the Federal University of Maranhão.
wn.com/São_Luís,_Maranhão -
São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
wn.com/São_Paulo -
São Paulo (city)
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
wn.com/São_Paulo_(city) -
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen)) is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil. The capital, São Paulo, is also the largest city in South America (and the Southern Hemisphere).
Often dubbed the "locomotive of Brazil", the state alone is responsible for 33.9% of the Brazilian GDP, being the state with the highest GDP. In addition to increased GDP, São Paulo also has the third highest Human Development Index, the second highest GDP per capita, the second lowest infant mortality rate and the fourth lowest rate of illiteracy among the states of Brazil.
With over 40 million inhabitants, São Paulo is the most populous state in Brazil and the third most populous political unit of South America, only surpassed by that country and Colombia, ahead of all other South American countries. São Paulo's capital city is ranked seventh among the largest city on the planet and its metropolitan area, with 19,223,897 inhabitants, is also the 7th biggest in the world.
wn.com/São_Paulo_(state) -
Teresina
Teresina is the capital and most populous municipality in the Brazilian state of Piauí. It is located in North-central Piauí 366 km from the coast.It is therefore, the only capital in the Northeast that is not located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. With 814 439 inhabitants, it is the 19th largest city in Brazil, and the 15th largest state capital in the country. Together with Timon, in the nearby state of Maranhão the conurbation has a population of about 953,172 inhabitants, and the entire metropolitan region of Teresina has over 1,135,920 inhabitants. The only natural barrier that separates Teresina from Timon is the Parnaíba river, one of the largest in the Northeast. Teresina is the second capital with the best quality of life in the North-Northeast according to FIRJAN. According to IPEA it is the third safest capital of Brazil (second only to Natal / RN, and Palmas / TO) . Teresina is also the third city with the most lightning strikes in the world. For this reason, the region receives the curious name of "Chapada do Corisco".
wn.com/Teresina -
Tocantins (state)
Tocantins (Portuguese pronunciation: [tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs]) is one of the states of Brazil. (From: Tukã´, Toucan + tï, beak. lit. "Toucan's beak" in Tupi). The state was formed in 1988 out of the northern part of Goiás, and construction began on the capital, Palmas, in 1989, in contrast to most of the other cities in the state which date back to the Portuguese colonial period. It is the newest Brazilian state and, because it is still very young, it is developing slowly, building on its most important resources: the rivers Araguaia and Tocantins, the largest hydro basin entirely inside Brazilian territory. Because it is in the central zone of the country, it has characteristics of the Amazon, but also has open pastures. The Ilha do Bananal, in the southwest of the State, is the largest fluvial island in the world. Tocantins is also home to the Araguaia National Park and the Carajás Indian reservations. Another highlight is the Jalapão, about 250 kilometers from the capital, Palmas. There, the rivers create true oases in the dry landscape, attracting many ecotourists to the region.
wn.com/Tocantins_(state) -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
Venezuela
Venezuela (i/ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ VEN-ə-ZWAY-lə), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela [repuˈβlika βoliβaˈɾjana ðe βeneˈswela]), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of 29,105,632. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.
wn.com/Venezuela
-
Afro-Brazilian
In Brazil, the term "preto" (black) is one of the five categories used by the Brazilian Census, along with "branco" (White), "pardo" (Multiracial, brown), "amarelo" (yellow, East Asian) and "indígena" (Amerindian). In 2009, 13,252,000, 6.9% of the Brazilian population, self-identified themselves as preto.
In recent years, Brazilian government agencies such as the SEPPIR and the IPEA, in their analysis of socioeconomic indicators, have been considering the categories "preto" and "pardo" together, as a single category called "negro" (Black, capital initial), since the indicators of living conditions of "pardos" and "pretos" are similar and the word "negro" can be used in other contexts, and not only when addressing pretos. However, this decision has caused much controversy, because there isn't consensus about it in Brazilian society.
Black Brazilians rarely use the American-style phrase "African Brazilian" to categorise themselves, and never in informal discourse: the IBGE's July 1998 PME shows that, of Black Brazilians, only about 10% consider themselves of "African origin"; most of them identify as having a "Brazilian origin". In the July 1998 PME, the categories "Afro-Brasileiro" (Afro-Brazilian) and "Africano Brasileiro" (African Brazilian) weren't used even once; the category "Africano" (African) was used by 0.004% of the respondents. In the 1976 PNAD, none of these were used even once.
wn.com/Afro-Brazilian -
Alexandre Ribeiro
Alexandre "Xande" Ribeiro is a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner, mixed martial artist and submission wrestler. He is a two-time Absolute (open weight) World Jiu-Jitsu Champion.
Xande was born in Manaus , Amazonas Brazil and moved to USA in 2002. He lived in Toledo, Ohio for 5 years whe he moved to San Diego, CA where he taught at the University of Jiu Jitsu and trained MMA at The Arena MMA. Now he resides in Los Angeles California where he runs the Xande Ribeiro Jiu Jitsu Association and his school Xande Jiu Jitsu , located at the True Warrior Fitness Gym. For Info http://www.jiujitsudojo.com
Ribeiro has a brother, Saulo Ribeiro, who is also a Jiu-jitsu and submission wrestling champion. Together they are the most accomplished Jiu Jitsu Fighters of all time, as brothers. They have won ADCC and World Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Championships Multiple times.
wn.com/Alexandre_Ribeiro -
American Brazilian
An American Brazilian (Portuguese: Estadunidense-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial or predominant North American ancestry, or a US–born person immigrant in Brazil.
The Confederados are a cultural sub-group in the nation of Brazil. They are the descendants of people who fled from the Confederate States of America to Brazil with their families after the American Civil War.
At the end of the American Civil War in the 1860s, a migration of Confederates to Brazil began, with the total number of immigrants estimated in the thousands. They settled primarily in Southern and Southeastern Brazil: in Americana, Campinas, São Paulo, Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, Juquiá, New Texas, Xiririca, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Doce. But in Santarém, Pará – in the north on the Amazon River – and in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco received a significant number of American immigrants.
At the end of the American Civil War, the Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil was interested in having cotton crops due to the high prices and, through Freemasonry contacts, recruited experienced cotton farmers for his nation. Dom Pedro offered the potential immigrants subsidies and tax breaks. General Robert E. Lee advised Southerners not to flee to South America but many ignored his advice and set out to establish a new life away from the destruction of war.
wn.com/American_Brazilian -
Antônio Pizzonia
Antônio Reginaldo Pizzonia Júnior (born September 11, 1980 in Manaus) is a Brazilian racing driver who has raced in Formula One and the Champ Car World Series.
He is nicknamed "Jungle Boy", a reference to his native Amazonas. He is currently a resident of Manaus, a city in the northern part of Brazil and capital of Amazonas State.
From 1991 to 1996 he competed in various karting series. In 1997 he moved to Britain and competed in Formula Vauxhall Junior; Pizzonia placed second, and won the Winter Festival. In 1998, in addition to taking the Championship in F-Vauxhall Junior, he won the Formula Renault Winter Festival. His 1999 season was even more successful, winning the British F-Renault series and finishing second in its European counterpart. In 2000, Pizzonia took 5 wins on his way to winning the British Formula Three Championship.
For 2001, Pizzonia switched to the Formula 3000 series, winning one race and finishing sixth in the championship.
In 2002, Pizzonia was hired as test driver for Williams, but also continued in F3000, placing 8th. After impressive testing performances, he was signed by the Jaguar team to partner Mark Webber for 2003. However, following a string of poor results, he was dropped midway through the season and replaced by Minardi's Justin Wilson.
wn.com/Antônio_Pizzonia -
Arab Brazilian
An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian citizen born in an Arabic country, or a Brazilian-born person of Arab descent, who is aware of such ancestry and remains connected, in some degree, to Arabic culture.
Immigration of Arabs to Brazil started in the late 19th century, most of them coming from Lebanon, later from elsewhere in Ottoman Syria - Palestine and Iraq. When they were first processed in the ports of Brazil, they were classified as Turks because what is modern day Lebanon and Syria was a territory of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. The causes for Arabs to leave their homeland were an accelerated increase in population in Lebanon and the persecution by the Ottoman Turks. Arab immigration to Brazil grew in the 20th century, and was concentrated in the state of São Paulo, but also extended to Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Rio de Janeiro and other parts of Brazil.
Most Arab immigrants in Brazil were Christians, the Muslims being a small minority in comparison to them. Intermarriage between Brazilians of Arab descent and other Brazilians, regardless of ethnic ancestry or religious affiliation, is very high; most Brazilians of Arab descent only have one parent of Arab origin. As a result of this, the new generations of Brazilians of Arab descent show marked language shift away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Portuguese as a first language.
wn.com/Arab_Brazilian -
Argentine Brazilian
Argentine Brazilian (Portuguese: Argentino-brasileiro, Spanish: Argentino-brasileño, Rioplatense Spanish: Argentino-brasilero) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Argentine ancestry, or an Argentine-born person residing in Brazil.
After gaining its independence from Spain in the early 19th century, Argentina adopted an open immigration policy and encouraged immigrants to embrace the country as their own. For a short period at the end of the 1880s, the government went so far as to subsidize immigrant boat passages. It is estimated that the country received over seven million immigrants, predominantly from Spain and Italy, between 1870 and 1930.
Argentina proved attractive to many foreigners confronted with harsh economic conditions in Europe, they were drawn by the appeal of the New World and an underpopulated country rich in natural resources and employment prospects ranging from agriculture to factory work.
Argentina is witnessing an enormous increase in emigration, with Spain, Italy, the United States, Brazil, and Israel making up the main destinations, according to the country's National Migration Directorate. Analysts place the lion's share of the blame for increased emigration on the country's faltering economy.
wn.com/Argentine_Brazilian -
Asian Brazilian
An Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Asian ancestry, who remains culturally connected to Asia, or an Asian-born person permanently residing in Brazil. Brazil received many immigrants from Asia, both from Middle East and East Asia. The first Asian immigrants to arrive in Brazil were a small number of Chinese people (3,000) during the colonial period as coolie slaves. However, significant immigration from Asia to Brazil started in the late 19th century, when immigration from Lebanon and Syria became important. In Brazil, most of definitions of an Asian Brazilian usually do not refer to the community of West Asian origins such as Arabs, Turks and Armenians.
Most Asian Brazilians have roots in East Asia, most of them Japanese (Middle Easterners, most of them non-Muslim Levantine Arabs, easily integrated among the White Brazilian population, and as such there is even the perception that all Arabs are White people by the Brazilian society). The first Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil in 1908. Until the 1950s, more than 250 thousand Japanese immigrated to Brazil. Currently, the Japanese-Brazilian population is estimated at 3.0 million people. It is, by far, the largest ethnic Japanese population outside Japan. Other East Asian groups are also significant in Brazil. The Korean Brazilian population is estimated to be 50,000, and the Chinese Brazilian population around 160,000. Over 70% of Asian Brazilians are concentrated in the state of São Paulo. There are significant populations in Paraná, Pará, Mato Grosso do Sul and other parts of Brazil.
wn.com/Asian_Brazilian -
Belgian Brazilian
Belgian Brazilian (Portuguese: Bélgico-brasileiro, Belga brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Belgian ancestry, or a Belgian-born person immigrant in Brazil.
wn.com/Belgian_Brazilian -
Brazilian people
Brazilians (brasileiros in Portuguese) are all people born in Brazil. A Brazilian can be also a person born abroad to a Brazilian parent or a foreigner living in Brazil who applied for Brazilian citizenship.
According to the Constitution of Brazil, a Brazilian citizen is:
According to the Constitution, all people who hold Brazilian citizenship are equal, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender or religion.
A foreigner can apply for Brazilian citizenship after living for 4 (four) uninterrupted years in Brazil and being able to speak Portuguese. A native person from an official Portuguese language country (Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea Bissau and East Timor) can request the Brazilian nationality after only 1 uninterrupted year living in Brazil. A foreign born person who holds Brazilian citizenship has exactly the same rights and duties of the Brazilian citizen by birth, but cannot occupy some special public positions such as the Presidency of the Republic, Vice-presidency of the Republic, Minister (Secretary) of Defense, Presidency (Speaker) of the Senate, Presidency (Speaker) of the House of Representatives, Officer of the Armed Forces and Diplomat.
wn.com/Brazilian_people -
Caribbean Brazilian
Caribbean Brazilian (Portuguese: Caraíba-brasileiro, Caribenho brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Caribbean ancestry, or a Caribbean-born person residing in Brazil. Many Caribbean Brazilians are of Barbadian descent.
During the rubber boom in the Brazilian Amazon, between 1880 and 1912, the construction of a railroad linking the Madeira River in Brazil to the Mamore River in Bolivia was undertaken to solve the problem of rubber transportation in that region. The railway would help to get the Bolivian rubber out of the jungle, past the rapids on the Madeira and then reach the navigable part of the river in Porto Velho, in the state of Rondônia. For the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré railroad, many African-Caribbean workers, especially from Barbados, were taken to that part of the Brazilian Amazon. The enterprise was first a British project but later was controlled by the American Percival Farquhar who had a Brazilian business empire.
This adventure in the Amazon brought about the death of about six thousand workers, caused by attacks from Indigenous Amerindian tribes, malaria and many other diseases.
wn.com/Caribbean_Brazilian -
Chilean Brazilian
Chilean Brazilian (Portuguese: Chileno-brasileiro, Spanish: Chileno-brasileño) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Chilean ancestry.
Emigration of Chileans has decreased during the last decade: It is estimated that 857,781 Chileans live abroad, 50.1% of those being in Argentina (the highest number), 13.3% in the Brazil and 8.8% in United States.
wn.com/Chilean_Brazilian -
China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
wn.com/China -
Cláudio Santoro
Cláudio Franco de Sá Santoro (Manaus, 23 November 1919–Brasília, 27 March 1989) was an internationally renowned Brazilian composer and violinist.
A native of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, Claudio Santoro started to study violin and piano as a child. His efforts made the Government of Amazonas send him to study in Rio de Janeiro, at the Musical Conservatory of Rio de Janeiro.
At the age of 18, he was already a teacher of the violin course at the conservatory. He was a pupil of Hans-Joachim Koellreutter, composer that influenced Santoro. He also studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger. He co-founded and played in the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra. His prolific output was mostly instrumental and includes fourteen symphonies, three piano concertos and seven string quartets.
He was invited by the Government of the German Federal Republic for the Program "Resident Artist in West Berlin" (1966/67) and by the Brahms Foundation as Resident Artist of the Brahms House (Baden Baden).
Among the carried out positions, titles and activities. stand out: Founder and Principal of the Chamber Orchestra's of Radio MEC and the University of Brasilia, the Symphonic Orchestra's of the Radio Club of Brazil and the National Theater of Brasilia; Titular, Coordinating professor for the Musical Subjects, Director and Organizer of the Music Department of the University of Brasilia; President of the Order of the Musicians of Brazil (Brasilia Section); Musical Director of the Cultural Foundation of the Federal District; Member of the Managing Council of the Inter-American Music Council; Organizer and Director of the Center of Diffusion and Information for the music of Latin America together with the Institute of Comparative Studies of Music and Documentation (former West-Berlin); Member of the Brazilian Academy of Music, the Brazilian Academy of Arts and the Academy of Music and Letters of Brazil, of which he was President.
wn.com/Cláudio_Santoro -
Czech Brazilian
Czech Brazilians refer to Brazilians of Czech descent who were born in or who trace their ancestry to the territory of the historic Czech lands or succession states, now known as the Czech Republic, and are residents and/or citizens of Brazil.
Although Czech Jesuits such as Valentin Stansel had been working in Brazil since the 18th century, the first Czech immigrants arrived in 1823. Among these early immigrants was Jan Nepomuk Kubíček, a Catholic carpenter from Třeboň and one of the great-grandfathers of Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, the 24th President of Brazil (from 1956 to 1961).
In the 20th century there were three large waves of Czechs who moved to Brazil: in the 1930s, after the Communist takeover (1948) and after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact troops (1968). Most of those immigrants settled down in Southern Brazil.
Though Czechs correspond to a small proportion of all immigrants who landed in Brazil, the Czech immigration is significant if counted in absolute numbers. An evidence of such representativeness is that a search in the 2007 phone book of São Paulo reveals that all the 10 commonest Czech male surnames can be found among the inhabitants of the mentioned Brazilian city.
wn.com/Czech_Brazilian -
Diego Brandao
Diego Brandao is a Brazilian mixed martial artist. Fighting professionally since 2005, Brandao has made a name for himself fighting in the United States and in his home country of Brazil. Brandao has competed against UFC veterans Brian Foster, Matt Veach, and Ronys Torres. He was the winner of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller.
Brandão made his MMA debut against Michel Bastos which he won via submission. He went 2-1 before fighting against UFC veteran Ronys Torres. He lost the fight by TKO due to punches. His biggest win to date was against longtime UFC veteran Brian Foster in which he won by highlight reel KO in the first round. Since that win he has gone 7-4 with 3 wins by KO, 3 by submission, and 1 by decision.
In 2011, Brandao had signed with the UFC to compete on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller. In the first episode, Brandao fought Jesse Newell to gain entry into the Ultimate Fighter house. Brandao quickly defeated Newell by brutal first round knockout. He was the number one featherweight pick for Team Bisping.
wn.com/Diego_Brandao -
Dutch Brazilian
A Dutch Brazilian (Dutch: Nederlandse Brazilianen, Portuguese: Neerlando-brasileiro or Holando-brasileiro) is a Brazilian of full or partial Dutch ancestry. Dutch Brazilians are mainly descendants of immigrants from the Netherlands[citation needed], but there are few who are descendants of Flemish or Afrikaner immigrants[citation needed].
The Dutch were among the first Europeans settling in Brazil during the 17th century. They controlled the northern coast of Brazil from 1630 to 1654. A significant number of Dutch immigrants arrived in that period. The state of Pernambuco was once a colony of the Dutch Republic from 1630 to 1661. There are a considerable number of people who are descendants of the Dutch colonists in Pernambuco, because at that time Alagoas was part of Pernambuco.
During the 19th and 20th century, Dutch immigrants from the Netherlands immigrated to the Brazil's Center-South, founded a few cities and prospered. The majority of Dutch Brazilians reside in Espírito Santo, Paraná,Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo. There are also small groups of Dutch Brazilians in Goiás, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.
wn.com/Dutch_Brazilian -
English Brazilian
English Brazilian (Portuguese: Anglo-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly English ancestry, or an English-born person residing in Brazil.
wn.com/English_Brazilian -
Finnish Brazilian
Finnish Brazilian (Portuguese: Fino-brasileiro or Portuguese: Finlandês-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Finnish ancestry, or a Finnish-born person residing in Brazil.
About 170 km (105 mi) from Rio de Janeiro, the area where Penedo is located belongs to the Itatiaia National Park. It is a beautiful mountainous area, covered with the Atlantic Forest, with pleasant temperature and surroundings. The small town was colonized by immigrants from Finland and the architecture, gastronomy and local customs such as saunas, are still present in Penedo.
Penedo is the first Finnish colony in Brazil.
In 1906, the first Finnish immigrants seem to have been sailors who went ashore especially in the port of Rio de Janeiro. From the close of the 19th century onwards, we also hear about Finnish engineers and technicians who worked in constructing railways in Brazil. In 1908, a small Finnish colony was founded, comprising about 20 families. Then in 1909–1910, a group of Finns from northern Sweden and northern Finland emigrated to the southern part of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). In the inter-war years, somewhere around one thousand Finns immigrated to Latin America, mainly to Brazil and Argentina. Especially from the year 1924, Colonia Finlandesa in Argentina received new emigrants from eastern Finland. In Brazil, a utopian social experiment, Penedo, was started in 1929.
wn.com/Finnish_Brazilian -
Francisco Lima
Francisco Lima Govinho (born April 17, 1971 in Manaus) is a Brazilian retired football (soccer) player. He was a defensive midfielder.
He played for São Paulo Futebol Clube in 1996, and played for Gaziantepspor in 1996/1998. He then played for FC Zürich between 1998 to 2000, and joined Serie A team Lecce during 1999/2000. One year later, he transferred to Bologna, and impressed AS Roma enough to win a move to them in 2001. Roma paid Bologna 13 billion Italian lire. He signed a 3-year contact and earned an average of 3.7 billion lire annually before tax.
He stayed in the capital for three seasons. At the age of 33, he went northward to Lokomotiv Moscow. At January 2006, he was loaned to Qatar SC, until the summer. He signed for FC Dynamo Moscow in a free transfer during the second half of the Russian season.
He then joined Brescia Calcio in January 2007, and later the San Jose Earthquakes in July 2008. However, he left them in January, 2009 to move back to Italy to join Taranto.
In January 2010, Lima returned to Brazil for Nacional (AM). In the same year he played for Rio Negro (AM), another club based on his hometown. He last played for São Raimundo (AM), another Manaus based club before retiring at the age of 40.
wn.com/Francisco_Lima -
French Brazilian
A French Brazilian (French: Franco-Brésilien, Portuguese: Franco-brasileiro or Galo-brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full, partial, or predominantly French ancestry, or a French-born person residing in Brazil. Between 1850 and 1965 around 100,000 French people immigrated to Brazil. The country received the second largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000). It is estimated that there are from 500,000 to 1 million Brazilians of French descent today.
The Brazilian Imperial Family originates of House of Orléans, the French Royal Family.
From 1819 to 1940, 40,383 Frenchmen immigrated to Brazil. Most of them settled in the country between 1884 and 1925 (8,008 from 1819 to 1883, 25,727 from 1884 to 1925, 6,648 from 1926 to 1940). Another source estimates that around 100,000 French people immigrated to Brazil between 1850 and 1965. The French community in Brazil numbered 592 in 1888 and 5,000 in 1915. It was estimated that 14,000 Frenchmen were living in Brazil in 1912, 9% of the 149,400 Frenchmen living in Latin America, the second largest community after Argentina (100,000).
wn.com/French_Brazilian -
German Brazilian
A German Brazilian (German: Deutschbrasilianer, Portuguese: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of ethnic German ancestry or origin. Although there are German Brazilians in many parts of Brazil, they live mostly in the states of the country with the highest percents of white people, such as Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. German dialects together are the second most spoken first language in Brazil. A few Brazilian municipalities have Brazilian Hunsrückisch and Germanic Pomeranian as co-official with Portuguese. They are located in Southern Brazil and Espírito Santo.
The 19th century was marked by an intense emigration of Europeans to different parts of the world, which led to a process of Europeanisation of these areas. Between 1816 and 1850, 5 million people left Europe; between 1850 and 1880 another 22 million people emigrated. Between 1846 and 1932, 60 million Europeans emigrated. Many Germans left the German states after the failed revolutions of 1848. Between 1878 and 1892, another 7 million Germans left Germany; after the 1870s Germany was one of the countries from which the largest numbers of people emigrated, the vast majority to the United States. From 1820 to 1840, Germans represented 21.4% of all European immigrants entering the USA; 32.2% in the following two decades; and at the end of the century they were the largest immigrant group (21.9%) in the US.
wn.com/German_Brazilian -
Greek Brazilian
A Greek Brazilian (Portuguese: Greco-brasileiro or Heleno-brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full, partial or predominantly Greek ancestry; or a Greek-born person residing in Brazil.
The Greeks started immigrating in the end of the 19th and throughout the early and middle 20th century, in an attempt to find a better, more prosperous life, as well as for ideological reasons.
The Greek community in Brazil numbers more than 25,000 people. They are located throughout the country, with 20,000 Greeks living in São Paulo alone.
wn.com/Greek_Brazilian -
Hungarian Brazilian
Hungarian Brazilian (Portuguese: húngaro-brasileiro or magiar-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Hungarian ancestry, or a Hungarian-born person residing in Brazil.
Although ethnic Hungarians live in all the countries of South America, active community life and organizations exist only in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, and Uruguay. Even though official census data are not available, according to greatly varying local estimates, 850,000 to 1,000,000 Brazilians are of Hungarian descent. In the case of Argentina and Brazil, the discrepancy between estimates may originate from the fact that the Hungarian diasporas in those two countries can look back to one-and-half century of history, and the fact that the ethnic identity of the non-first generation population of Hungarian origin is already vague in many cases. In terms of organization and social cohesion, the strongest Hungarian communities are those in Brazil and Argentina.
According to the data received from the local Hungarian communities, the number of grandparents and parents who immigrated from Hungary to Brazil is between 33,000 and 65,000. Their descendants already born in the country and who still record their Hungarian origin may number some 145,000 to 310,000.
wn.com/Hungarian_Brazilian -
Italian Brazilian
An Italian Brazilian (Italian: Italobrasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-brasileiro) is a person born in Brazil of Italian ancestry.
The Italian government claims there are 25 million Brazilians of Italian descent, which would be the largest population of Italian background outside of Italy itself. There are no actual surveys, or even verifiable calculations supporting such claims. According to demographer Miguel Ángel García. 15 to 18 million people in Brazil have Italian ancestry. Actual field surveys seem to support García's analysis, pointing to a figure around 10.4% of the Brazilian population, or about 19.8 million people. All those figures relate to Brazilians of any Italian descent, not necessarily linked to Italian culture in any significant way. According to García, the number of Brazilians with actual links to Italian identity and culture would be around 3.5 to 4.5 million people. Scholar Luigi Favero, in a book on Italian emigration between 1876 and 1976, pinpointed that Italians were present in Brasil since the Renaissance: Genoese sailors and merchants were between the first to settle in colonial Brazil since the first half of the 16th century, and so - because of the many descendants of Italians emigrated there from Columbus times until 1860 - the number of Brazilians with Italian roots should be increased to 35 millions.
wn.com/Italian_Brazilian -
Japanese Brazilian
A Japanese Brazilian (日系ブラジル人, nikkei burajiru-jin?, nipo-brasileiro, pronounced in Portuguese: [ˌnʲipobɾaziˈlejɾu]) is a Brazilian citizen, national or natural of Japanese descent, or a Japanese immigrant living in Brazil.
The first Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil in 1908. Brazil is home to the largest Japanese population outside of Japan. According to the IBGE, as of 2000 there were between 1.4 and 1.5 million people of Japanese descent in Brazil.
The largest concentrations of Japanese people in Brazil are mostly found in the states of São Paulo and Paraná.
Between the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, coffee was the main export product of Brazil. At first, Brazilian farmers used African slave labour in the coffee plantations, but in 1850, the slave traffic was abolished in Brazil. To solve the labour shortage, the Brazilian elite decided to attract European immigrants to work in the coffee plantations. The government and farmers offered to pay European immigrants's passage. The plan encouraged millions of Europeans, most of them Italians, to migrate to Brazil. However, once in Brazil, the immigrants received very low salaries and worked in poor conditions, similar to the conditions faced by the black slaves: long working hours and frequent ill-treatment by their bosses. Because of this, in 1902, Italy enacted Decree Prinetti, prohibiting subsidized immigration to Brazil.
wn.com/Japanese_Brazilian -
Jefferson Peres
Jefferson Peres (March 18, 1932 – May 23, 2008) was a Brazilian professor and politician, member of the Brazilian Senate (Senado Federal) from 1995.
At the 2006 Presidential election, Peres was the vice-presidential candidate for the Democratic Labour Party (PDT), supporting Cristovam Buarque's presidential candidacy.
Péres was involved in a popular movement to nationalize the oil industry in Brazil in the 1950s.
He opposed the reconstruction of the BR-319 highway through Brazil's rain forest. He called for the replacement of the "wholly artificial" Manaus industrial park (which exists in part because of tax incentives) with production of goods from local raw materials.
In 1988 he became the mayor of Manaus and held that position until he was elected to the Senate in 1995.
Outside of politics, Peres was the director of Universidade Federal do Amazonas and Fundação Getulio Vargas. He taught economics at Universidade Federal do Amazonas.
wn.com/Jefferson_Peres -
John Estrada
John Estrada (born June 13, 1973) is a Filipino movie and TV actor, starred in a number of roles as a leading man, comedian and villain. He is currently part of ABS-CBN contract actors.
Estrada was born in 1973 in Quezon City, Philippines, and grew up with his family at Isabela City, Basilan where his father (Vicente Estrada) was a Municipal Councilor and his mother (Lilia Estrada) a public school teacher. At an early age, he was regularly cast in a variety of school plays and presentations, usually taking on the lead roles.
He first made his foray in show business as a model having won a Body Shots competition early into his college years from Zamboanga to Metro Manila. However, his name gained publicity when he married actress Janice de Belen who bore him 4 children: Inah (b. 1992), Moira (b. 1993), Kaila (b. 1996), and Yuan (b. 1998).
Estrada became part of the ABS-CBN sitcom "Palibhasa Lalake" in 1990 and played minor roles in some films produced by Regal Films and Star Cinema. His biggest break in showbiz came in 1998 when he headlined the controversial ABS-CBN noontime show "Magandang Tanghali Bayan" (MTB) with Randy Santiago and Willie Revillame. His hosting job also cost him his marriage with Janice when he was linked to his "Magandang Tanghali Bayan" co-host Vanessa del Bianco. Janice and Estrada legally separated in 2001. The marriage was officially annulled on 2004.
wn.com/John_Estrada -
Kenny Florian
Kenneth Alan Florian (born May 26, 1976) is a retired Peruvian-American mixed martial artist who formerly competed as a lightweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He has a background in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai, and is known for his cerebral approach to the sport based on his meticulous game plans and well-articulated fight analysis. He is also known for his tendency to finish his opponents, having earned stoppages in 12 of his 14 career victories, and for his devastating elbow strikes. He is the only fighter in history to compete in four different weight divisions under the UFC banner, Also Florian is the only fighter currently in the UFC to not have won a title after fighting for the belt three times.
Florian first gained recognition for his appearance on the inaugural season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show. He holds notable victories over former PRIDE champion Takanori Gomi, current UFC contenders Clay Guida, Roger Huerta, Joe Lauzon, Din Thomas, Joe Stevenson, Sam Stout, and Diego Nunes. He has competed for the UFC Lightweight Championship twice and the UFC Featherweight Championship, but came up short against Sean Sherk, BJ Penn, and Jose Aldo. He is currently ranked as the #4 featherweight in the world by MMA Fighting and as the #10 featherweight fighter in the world by MMAWeekly.
wn.com/Kenny_Florian -
Korean Brazilian
Korean Brazilian (Portuguese: Coreano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Korean ancestry, or a Korean-born person residing in Brazil. The Korean population in Brazil, the largest in Latin America, is about 50,000.
Korean immigration to South America began on a small scale in the mid-1950s but was only formalized in 1962, when, to encourage emigration to control population, reduce unemployment, and garner foreign exchange via immigrant remittances, the South Korean government passed its Overseas Emigration Law. In December 1962 the South Korean Ministry of Public Health and Social Affairs, to which the emigration section was attached, sent 92 people (members of seventeen families) to Brazil. Although the South Korean government's desire to direct emigrants to the Southern Hemisphere was based on the size of the Brazilian economy, many Koreans were hindered by the Brazilian government's demand that all visas, including those for tourists, be preapproved.
wn.com/Korean_Brazilian -
Lebanese Brazilian
A Lebanese Brazilian (Portuguese: Líbano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Lebanese ancestry, or a Lebanese-born person immigrant in Brazil.
The population of Brazil identifying with either full or partial Lebanese descent is estimated at between 7 to 10 million people. This number of immigrants is larger than the population in Lebanon. Immigration of the Lebanese (and Syrians) to Brazil started in the late 19th century, most of them coming from Lebanon and later from Syria. The immigration to Brazil grew further in the 20th century, and was concentrated in the state of São Paulo, but also extended to Minas Gerais, Goiás, Rio de Janeiro and other parts of Brazil.
Between 1884-1933 130,000 Lebanese people immigrated to Brazil. 65% of them were Catholics (Maronite Catholics and Greek Melkite Catholics), 20% were Greek Orthodox and 15% were Muslims (Shia, Sunni and Druze). During the Lebanese Civil War 32,000 Lebanese people immigrated to Brazil.
Lebanese culture has influenced many aspects of Brazil's culture. In big towns of Brazil it is easy to find restaurants of Lebanese food, and dishes, such as sfihas, hummus, kibbeh, tahina, tabbouleh and halwa are very well known among Brazilians.
wn.com/Lebanese_Brazilian -
Manvel Gamburyan
Manvel "Manny" Gamburyan (Armenian: Մանվել Գամբուրյան; born May 8, 1981) is an Armenian American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter 5. Gamburyan is currently fighting in the featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is currently ranked as the #10 featherweight in the world by Sherdog.com, and #9 by MMAFighting.com.
In May 1991, Gamburyan's family relocated from Armenia to the United States. Shortly after his arrival, he began training in judo at Gokor Chivichyan's and Gene LeBell's Hayastan MMA Academy and quickly became one of the top judokan in the country, winning junior nationals less than two years later. He went on to win junior nationals eight times, the junior Olympics once, and was a member of the 2000 judo junior world team.
Gamburyan began his career in 1999 at the age of 17. He won his first four fights, then lost a decision to future UFC lightweight champion Sean Sherk in 2001. His cousin Karo Parisyan nicknamed him "Pitbull" for the tenacity he displayed in the fight.
wn.com/Manvel_Gamburyan -
Mark Hominick
Mark "The Machine" Hominick (born July 22, 1982) is a Canadian mixed martial artist, former TKO Featherweight Champion, and current UFC fighter.
As a teen he attended Ingersoll District Collegiate Institute. He was trained by the late great MMA striking coach Shawn Tompkins with Sam Stout at The Adrenaline Training Center in London, Ontario, where he also works as an instructor.
Hominick has fought at both Featherweight and Lightweight during his professional career. He has appeared in many organizations including the UFC, Affliction, TKO, and WEC.
He was scheduled to fight Deividas Taurosevičius on October 10, 2009 at WEC 43., but was forced to withdraw due to an injury.
Hominick was scheduled to face Yves Jabouin on January 10, 2010 at WEC 46, but Jabouin was forced off the card with an injury. Hominick instead faced WEC newcomer Bryan Caraway, winning by submission in the first round.
The fight eventually took place on June 20, 2010 at WEC 49. Hominick won via TKO in the second round. They both won a Sherdog award for best round of 2010.
wn.com/Mark_Hominick -
Mike Brown (fighter)
Mike Thomas Brown (born September 8, 1975) is an American mixed martial artist. He currently fights as a featherweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship organization and is a former WEC Featherweight Champion. Mike trains full-time at the main American Top Team academy located in Coconut Creek, Florida.
Mike Brown wrestled at Bonny Eagle High School in Standish, Maine where he won a state championship in 1992, his junior year. He went on to wrestle at Norwich University where he was known for his ability to focus. Although he was an average student in high school, he was able to apply his focus to academics and excelled as a scholar-athlete in college. According to Norwich wrestling Coach Rich Hasenfus, Brown was one of the smartest athletes and strongest wrestlers at Norwich.
Brown had fought in several MMA events including most recently WEC, where he was the (145 lb.) champion. In 2005, Brown suffered a near career-ending loss at Deep 22nd in Japan. Brown's opponent, noted leg-lock expert Masakazu Imanari, dislocated Brown's leg to the point that his leg was pulled out and to the side of his knee joint. His only other Pre-WEC losses were to world-class fighters; besides Imanari, only Joe Lauzon, Genki Sudo, and Hermes Franca (all UFC veterans) had defeated Brown en route to Brown's 18-4 record.
wn.com/Mike_Brown_(fighter) -
Márcio Souza
Márcio Souza (born 1946 in Manaus) is a Brazilian writer, recognized for his focus on Amazonia.
wn.com/Márcio_Souza -
Polish Brazilian
A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian person of full or partial Polish ancestry, who is aware of such ancestry and remains connected, in some degree, to Polish culture, or a Polish-born person permanently residing in Brazil. The number of Polish descendants in Brazil is estimated at 1.8 million. Also, a Polish Brazilian can be a child of a Brazilian mother and Polish father (and vice versa).
Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century, but their numbers really increased in the 1920s. The Brazilian State of Paraná is a dominantly Polish area in Brazil.[citation needed] The Polish immigrants brought native folk music and dance music to Brazil such as mazurka (in Polish mazurek) and polonaise.[citation needed] In addition to the musical elements of the Polish culture, immigrants also brought customs, manners, and styles of clothing.[citation needed] Polish culture has also had an impact on aspects of the cuisine and architecture of Brazil.[citation needed]
Poles live in Guarapuava, Curitiba, Campo Largo, Contenda, Araucária, Lapa Săo Mateus do Sul, and Irati.[citation needed] With the immigrants there was an increase in employment on planted lands with the use of new tools, like the plow, the grille, and the sickle.[citation needed] There was the introduction of new types of jobs and professions, like blacksmith, carpenter, joiner and tailor.[citation needed] The immigrants work helped a lot on the economic growth in Paraná and renovated Paraná's social structure.
wn.com/Polish_Brazilian -
Portuguese Brazilian
Portuguese Brazilians (or Luso-brasileiros) are Brazilian citizens whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Portugal[citation needed]. Most of the Portuguese who arrived throughout the centuries to Brazil sought economic opportunities. Although present since the onset of colonization, Portuguese people began migrating to Brazil in larger numbers and without state support, in the 18th century.
Some of the earliest colonists for whom we have written records are João Ramalho and Diogo Álvares Correia. At the time the Portuguese Crown was focused on securing its highly lucrative Portuguese Empire in Asia, and so did little to protect the newly discovered lands in the Americas from foreign interlopers. As a result, many pirates, mainly French, began dealing in pau brasil with the Amerindians. This situation worried Portugal, which in the 1530s started to encourage the colonization of Brazil, principally for defensive reasons. The towns of Cananéia (1531), São Vicente (1532), Porto Seguro (1534) and Iguape (1538) date from that period.
wn.com/Portuguese_Brazilian -
Priscilla Meirelles
Priscilla Meirelles de Almeida-Estrada (born September 5, 1983) from Brazil, is a model, host, actress, environmentalist, and beauty queen. She won the Miss Earth 2004 pageant held in the Philippines. She also won the Miss Globe 2003 pageant. Meirelles has been married to Filipino actor and model John Estrada since March 2011.
Meirelles was born in the city of Manaus, Amazona, Brazil. She is of Portuguese, Spanish, and Brazilian descent. Her father Luis Claudio Almeida is an advertising company creative director and her mother, Marcia Regina Meirelles is a businesswoman.
Philippine actor, host, and model John Estrada proposed to marry Mereilles on July 15, 2009 at Elbert’s Steak House in Makati. They were married on February 26, 2011 in La Union, Philippines. The couple announced her pregnancy in July 2011 and had a baby shower of their first child on January 22, 2012 held at The Peninsula Manila. She first gave birth to a daughter, Sammanta Anechka, on February 6, 2012.
Meirelles stands 5'10" tall with a 35"-24"-35" figure. Being a beauty queen was never in her list of childhood ambitions. She’d rather be a flight attendant or a veterinarian. As a youngster, Meirelles was a tomboy; her everyday look consisted of a ponytail and a huge T-shirt, big enough to fit three people. The tomboy phase came to an end when a talent scout saw her hanging out in a mall with her mother, Marcia. She was encouraged to join a tournament called Peladao which is part beauty pageant, part soccer game. While the soccer teams are playing, the beauty queens are competing, too. In the end there is one winner beauty queen and one winner of the soccer team. What lured her to join, though, was not the glamour attached to the competition. She was then 18 years old, and the grand prize of the Peladao was a car. The talent scout was very encouraging, telling Priscilla she had a 99-percent chance of winning. He turned out to be 100-percent right.
wn.com/Priscilla_Meirelles -
Russians in Brazil
Russian Brazilian (Portuguese: Russo-brasileiro, Russian: Русский бразилец Russkiy brazilets) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Russian ancestry, or a Russian-born person residing in Brazil. The term can also refer to somomeone with a Brazilian mother and Russian father, or vice versa.
wn.com/Russians_in_Brazil -
Saulo Ribeiro
Saulo Ribeiro, brother of the equally famed Xande Ribeiro, is a 4th degree black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. After earning a black belt in Judo, he began his training of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in Rio De Janeiro under Royler Gracie, the son of Hélio Gracie, at the famous Gracie Humaitá.
Saulo received his black belt in BJJ on November 27, 1995. Less than 2 years later, he won his first MMA fight. He also won the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship five times, in an equal amount of varying weight classes.
Saulo Ribeiro was born in Manaus, Brazil in July 1974. At the age of 15 and already a Judo practitioner, Saulo started training Jiu Jitsu as a way to improve his Judo game by learning submissions. He moved away from home in December 1991 and headed to school in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro is where Saulo began his training under Royler Gracie, at the legendary Gracie Humaitá. Shortly after receiving his black belt from Royler Gracie on November 27, 1995, Saulo won the Brazilian Nationals Lightweight Title.
wn.com/Saulo_Ribeiro -
Scottish Brazilian
Scottish Brazilian (Portuguese: Escoto-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Scottish ancestry, or a Scottish-born person residing in Brazil.
wn.com/Scottish_Brazilian -
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
wn.com/Shanghai -
Swiss Brazilian
Swiss Brazilian (Portuguese: Helveto-brasileiro, Brasileiro suíço) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Swiss ancestry, who remains culturally connected to Switzerland, or a Swiss-born person permanently residing in Brazil.
In 1818, King John VI of Portugal, then resident in Rio de Janeiro, authorized the entry into Brazil of Swiss immigrants from the state (canton) of Fribourg (Switzerland). The parish was given the name of "São João Batista de Nova Friburgo" (Saint John the Baptist of New Fribourg) and was founded in 1820.
The history of Swiss immigration to Brazil began with the foundation of the colony of Nova Friburgo in 1819. Nova Friburgo was the first colonial company contracted by the Portuguese government. The immigrant colonists wrote letters for publication in Swiss newspapers of the period, and these documents reveal the migrants' perceptions, information and expectations.
On July 4, 1819 depart from Estavayer-le-Lac, Lake Neuchatel, 1088 Swiss, included 830 of the Canton of Fribourg, presents Jean-Claude Marchon, his wife Marie Prostasie Chavannaz Marchon, his brother Antoine Marchon and fiancee Marieanne Elizabeth Clerc, to Basle, the meeting point of the Swiss Transmigration for Brasil. And then 2006 Swiss, by the Rhein River, go to Holland and after a lot of peripetia they depart from 's-Gravendeel, near Dordrecht, in the Daphne, for the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, on September 11.
wn.com/Swiss_Brazilian -
Urijah Faber
Urijah Christopher Faber (born May 14, 1979) is an American mixed martial artist currently fighting as a bantamweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship organization. Faber won the WEC featherweight championship at WEC 19 on March 17, 2006 and held the title for over two years until his loss to Mike Brown at WEC 36 on November 5, 2008. As of November 2011, Faber is ranked the #2 bantamweight in the world by Sherdog.
Faber is a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu brown belt under Fabio "Pateta" Prado, who, under Carlson Gracie Jr., is a 5th degree black belt.
Faber was born on May 14, 1979, in Isla Vista, California, to Theo and Suzanne Faber, and grew up in Lincoln. He is of Dutch descent on his fathers side and Italian descent on his mothers side.[citation needed] He went to Glen Edwards Middle School for Jr. High and Lincoln High School for high school. He has two siblings, an older brother named Ryan and a younger sister named Michaella. His sister almost died after a Thanksgiving 2011 car accident. Faber graduated from the University of California at Davis with a Bachelors degree in human development.
wn.com/Urijah_Faber -
Uruguayan Brazilian
Uruguayan Brazilian (Portuguese: Uruguaio-brasileiro, Spanish: Uruguayo-brasileño, Rioplatense Spanish: Uruguayo-brasilero) is a Brazilian person of full, partial, or predominantly Uruguayan ancestry, or a Uruguayan-born person residing in Brazil.
During the 1970s and 1980s, an estimated 600,000 Uruguayans emigrated, mainly to Spain, Italy, Argentina and Brazil. Other Uruguayans went to various countries in Europe, to the United States, Canada, and Australia.
Before the 1960s, the economy of Uruguay provided its citizens with middle-class affluence, and emigration was limited. With a comfortable standard of living, adequate employment opportunities, a favorable social welfare and health insurance system, and democratic freedoms, the need to leave was not pressing. On the whole, even the poorest of the Uruguayans enjoyed certain benefits that kept them satisfied enough to stay in their own country. For those who left the cultural and recreational opportunities of the cities, where 85 percent of all Uruguayans lived, the proposition of going to neighboring countries such as Argentina, with its familiar language and proximity to the home country, was more appealing than moving to Southern Brazil. Those who pursued business or educational opportunities in the Brazil and elsewhere, often returned home, never forsaking their Uruguayan citizenship.
wn.com/Uruguayan_Brazilian -
Vinicius Cantuaria
Vinicius Cantuária (born April 29, 1951) is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, guitarist, drummer and percussionist. He is associated with Bossa nova and Brazilian jazz. Originally from the Amazonian city of Manaus, Cantuária grew up in Rio and relocated to New York City in the mid-1990s. His career spans several zones of Brazilian music: he founded the Brazilian rock group "O Terço" in the 1970s, released six solo albums in Brazil in the 1980s that include his hit songs "Só Você" and "Lua e Estrela" and pioneered the world of neo-Brazilian music with his first international release Sol Na Cara in 1996. Since moving to the United States, Cantuária has been a leading figure in the downtown New York Jazz and contemporary music scenes. His albums, always critics' favorites, have featured collaborations with Brian Eno, Laurie Anderson, Brad Mehldau, Arto Lindsay, Bill Frisell, Marc Ribot, David Byrne and Ryuichi Sakamoto.
In 1998, Cantuária contributed "Luz De Candeeiro" to the AIDS benefit compilation album Onda Sonora: Red Hot + Lisbon produced by the Red Hot Organization.
wn.com/Vinicius_Cantuaria -
Wallid Ismail
Wallid Farid Ismail (born February 23, 1968) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and promoter. He holds a black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu under Carlson Gracie, and is an IVC mixed martial arts world champion and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Champion. Ismail is perhaps best known for holding Jiu-Jitsu tournament wins over four Gracie family members, including a victory over BJJ legend Royce Gracie, beating him with a choke.
He also had other following BJJ tournament wins over Royce Gracie, Ralph Gracie, Renzo Gracie, Ryan Gracie.
Ismail started training on Brazilian Jiu Jitsu in 1980 in his home state of Amazonas in northern Brazil, and then, in 1984, he moved to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and started training under his master, the late Carlson Gracie, and stayed by the side of his master until the day Carlson died in 2006. Wallid then started to compete in Jiu-Jitsu tournaments, becoming champion several times, and defeating four members of the famous Gracie family in competition. When fighting against Royce Gracie, Ismail was the only one who accepted the conditions that Royce proposed for the bout, like having no point scoring and no time limit, thus making the fight only winnable by submission. The fight took four minutes and fifty three seconds, until Wallid defeated Gracie with the Relógio, the Clock Choke, a move that has been associated with Wallid ever since. After his win, Wallid said that if Royce's team wanted a rematch they would have to pay him USD 200,000.00, a value that even the Gracie had never been paid at the UFC at that time.
wn.com/Wallid_Ismail -
Xande Ribeiro
Alexandre "Xande" Ribeiro is a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner, mixed martial artist and submission wrestler. He is a two-time Absolute (open weight) World Jiu-Jitsu Champion.
Xande was born in Manaus , Amazonas Brazil and moved to USA in 2002. He lived in Toledo, Ohio for 5 years whe he moved to San Diego, CA where he taught at the University of Jiu Jitsu and trained MMA at The Arena MMA. Now he resides in Los Angeles California where he runs the Xande Ribeiro Jiu Jitsu Association and his school Xande Jiu Jitsu , located at the True Warrior Fitness Gym. For Info http://www.jiujitsudojo.com
Ribeiro has a brother, Saulo Ribeiro, who is also a Jiu-jitsu and submission wrestling champion. Together they are the most accomplished Jiu Jitsu Fighters of all time, as brothers. They have won ADCC and World Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Championships Multiple times.
wn.com/Xande_Ribeiro
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Manaus, Brazil - a walk near the harbor (video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:28
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
January 2012 -- the second day while the MV Explorer is docking in Manaus, Brazil during its Amazon enrichment voyage. I've also posted a slide show of the same walk, here: www.youtube.com And here are my other Manaus videos: www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Manaus,_Brazil_a_walk_near_the_harbor_video
Manaus, diferente de tudo mas com cara de Brasil!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:04
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Vídeo super bacana que apresenta Manaus, essa cidade linda e cheia de contrastes harmoniosos. Conheça! OBRIGADO PELOS 60.000 ACESSOS! KLEBER ROMAO!
http://wn.com/Manaus,_diferente_de_tudo_mas_com_cara_de_Brasil!
Tá e Daí?! - Ana em Manaus (Dia 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
twitter: www.twitter.com blog: www.taedai.com.br fanpage www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Tá_e_Daí?!_Ana_em_Manaus_Dia_1
No Amazonas é assim - Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
video enviado pela Fabiola Cruz , muito recomendado! Você acha que Manaus é só selva? Então confiar este vídeo... Manaus será cidade sede dos jogos mundiais da FIFA não é por acaso.
http://wn.com/No_Amazonas_é_assim_Manaus
Around the World For Free - Around the World for Free - Ep 21: Manaus Piranha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:07
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Arriving in Manaus, dubbed the Paris of the Tropics, Parvati works a shift at her host's restaurant and is rewarded with a special dish that you chose! Follow her on season 3 of Around the World For Free at CBS.com/world.
http://wn.com/Around_the_World_For_Free_Around_the_World_for_Free_Ep_21_Manaus_Piranha
Ladrão em Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Esse "rapaz" resolveu passear durante a madrugada e acabou invadindo a casa do vizinho. Se alguém conhece-lo ou tiver informações que possam localiza-lo por favor avise.
http://wn.com/Ladrão_em_Manaus
Manaus-Brasil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Manaus (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈnaws]) is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Amazon rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination. Manaus belongs to mesoregion Center Amazonense and microregion Manaus. It is located in northern Brazil, 3940 kilometers (2168 miles) from the federal capital, Brasília. The city was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro.[1] It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of "Manaus", which means "mother of the gods" in tribute to the indigenous nation of Manaós, and legally transformed into a city on October 24 of 1848 with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of Black River". Only on September 4 of 1856 did it revert to its current name.[2] It was known at the beginning of the century, as Heart of the Amazon and City of the Forest.[3] Currently its main economic engine is the Industrial Pool of Manaus. It is the second largest metropolitan area in the Northern Brazil and the twelfth in all of Brazil, with 2006870 inhabitants (IBGE/2008). The population at 2008 was of 1.71 million people and it is the eighth most populous city of Brazil according to data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the IBGE. The city gradually increased its participation in the GDP of Brazil in ...
http://wn.com/Manaus-Brasil
Ladrão se deu mal em manaus part.1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Ao tentar roubar o celular de um garoto, ladrão é linxado por populares.
http://wn.com/Ladrão_se_deu_mal_em_manaus_part1
Assalto Lan House Manaus Nova Floresta 19-03-2012 CAM1 (Resolvido)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Assalto Lan House Manaus Nova Floresta 19-03-2012 CAM1 Caso Resolvido, segue link da notícia: d24am.com acritica.uol.com.br
http://wn.com/Assalto_Lan_House_Manaus_Nova_Floresta_19-03-2012_CAM1_Resolvido
SCARPELLY - IFBB MANAUS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:34
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
O SITE MAIS COMPLETO DO BRASIL CONFIRA www.corpoidealsuplementos.com.br ESSE É O MEU CANAL, CONFIRA TODOS OS MEUS VÍDEOS AQUI www.youtube.com ESSA É MINHA PAGE, ONDE VOCÊ ACOMPANHA TUDO O QUE ESTÁ ACONTECENDO NO MOMENTO. NÃO PERCAM! "COPA DE FLEXÕES SCARPELLY", PARA MAIORES INFORMAÇÕES E REGRAS, ACESSE O LINK: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/SCARPELLY_IFBB_MANAUS
Manaus, Brazil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
From the www.VideoSource.com Global Village Travel Guide and DVD, "Brazil". Stock footage available from http Transcript: THE GATEWAY CITY TO ANY EXCURSION INTO THE AMAZON IS MANAUS, SITUATED AT THE JUNCTION OF THE RIO NEGRO AND THE RIO SOLIMOES. MANAUS WAS BORN AS A RESULT OF THE GREAT BRAZILIAN RUBBER BOOM -- A BOOM THAT BEGAN WITH THE DISCOVERY OF THE RUBBER TREE HERE IN THE HEART OF THE JUNGLE. WITH ITS GREAT PLANTATIONS OF TREES YIELDING A SAP THAT COULD BE TURNED INTO RUBBER, THE AMAZON BECAME THE WORLD'S LARGEST PRODUCER OF NATURAL RUBBER BY THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY. THE WEALTH OF THE RUBBER BOOM CREATED A THRIVING CITY IN THE HEART OF THE WILDERNESS THAT COULD ONLY BE REACHED BY A THOUSAND MILE RIDE UP THE AMAZON RIVER. WITH THE COMPLETION OF ITS MAJESTIC NEO-CLASSIC OPERA HOUSE IN 1896, MANAUS BECAME A UNIQUE CULTURAL OASIS. BUT ALL OF THIS OPPULENCE WAS TO END WHEN RUBBER SEEDLINGS WERE SMUGGLED OUT TO THE ORIENT AND COMPETITION ENSUED. WHEN RUBBER PRICES TUMBLED AS A RESULT, THE AMAZON WENT INTO A DRAMATIC DEPRESSION. BUT TODAY ANOTHER BOOM IS TAKING PLACE HERE! MANUAS IS NOT ONLY THE JUMPING OFF POINT FOR VISITORS INTO THE INTERIOR, BUT IT IS ALSO A BUSY FREE TRADE ZONE WHERE MANUFACTURED GOODS CAN ENTER THE COUNRY EXEMPT OF IMPORT DUTY. SHOPPERS COME HERE FROM ALL OVER TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF BARGAINS IN EVERYTHING FROM PERFUME TO ELECTRONICS. MANAUS IS ALSO THE BUSY PORT FOR A REGION WHERE THE MAIN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS THE AMAZON RIVER AND IT'S ...
http://wn.com/Manaus,_Brazil
dança de forro manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
verdadeira dança de forro arroxado com grandes amigos meus paulo cesar e marciane mostrando como se dança filmado direto da toca da raposa
http://wn.com/dança_de_forro_manaus
Trio é preso por manter comércio de drogas dentro de casa em Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Dimas da Silva Pessoa,30, Marcelina de Souza,35, e Jéssica Nascimento Paes, 21, foram presos por policiais da Seccional Oeste, na tarde de quarta-feira, 14, no bairro São Jorge, zona oeste de Manaus. Após denúncia anônima, a policia iniciou o trabalho de investigação e conseguiu prender o grupo em flagrante por associação e tráfico de drogas.
http://wn.com/Trio_é_preso_por_manter_comércio_de_drogas_dentro_de_casa_em_Manaus
Câmera do CIOPS flagra tentativa de roubo de deposito em Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
ADRIANO DA SILVA PEREIRA, 18 anos, foi preso e apresentado no 1º Distrito Integrado de Polícia (DIP) nesta manhã por uma guarnição da 24ª Cicom da Polícia Militar depois que uma câmera de monitoramento do Ciops o flagrou escalando o muro de um prédio na rua Leovegildo Coelho, no Centro de Manaus. De acordo com os policiais militares, Adriano já estava dentro do depósito do estabelecimento comercial, o que exigiu o uso de escadas para alcançá-lo. O suspeito foi flagrado com vários produtos, como 5 latas de tinta spray e 3 latas de óleo de linhaça. Video cedido pelo Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança (Ciops) de Manaus.
http://wn.com/Câmera_do_CIOPS_flagra_tentativa_de_roubo_de_deposito_em_Manaus
Assalto Manaus Jorge Teixeira Drogaria 03-04-2012 CAM5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Assalto Manaus Jorge Teixeira Drogaria 03-04-2012 CAM5
http://wn.com/Assalto_Manaus_Jorge_Teixeira_Drogaria_03-04-2012_CAM5
Ladrão de Picanha em MANAUS vira Atração Nacional!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Ladrão de Picanha em MANAUS vira Atração Nacional! Ladrão de Picanha em MANAUS vira assunto Nacional, o CARA é uma GRAÇA! eo Maior cara de PAU! vale a pena Assistir! Imagens: TV ACRITICA/RECORD Video Editado e Uploadado por : Edmar Barros (www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Ladrão_de_Picanha_em_MANAUS_vira_Atração_Nacional!
The Frugal Traveler: Manaus to La Paz - nytimes.com/video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
On the first leg of a 13-week trip, Seth Kugel, the Frugal Traveler, travels by boat, taxi and bus from Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, to La Paz, Bolivia, the highest capital in the world. Related Article: nyti.ms
http://wn.com/The_Frugal_Traveler_Manaus_to_La_Paz_nytimescom_video
Manaus - Amazonas - Brasil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Documentário feito pela Prefeitura de Manaus sobre o turismo na cidade de Manaus e divulgado através da SEMCOM. Manaus - A capital turística da Amazônia mostrando um pouco do mais valioso e preservado patrimônio histórico e cultural da amazônia.
http://wn.com/Manaus_Amazonas_Brasil
Worst Flooding in 100 Years Hits Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Brazil's Amazon city of Manouse has been hit by the worst flooding in 100 years, crippling the local economy and displacing thousands of families in the country's northwestern region. River levels have risen above the 2009 levels following prolonged erratic weather. Despite the record flooding in the city of Manous, many residents and local business owner have remained in the city hoping that the flood waters will subside in the coming days. Brazil's federal government has announced a $5.5-million-dollar aid package to help the worst-hit areas, but the resources are not expected to be available until the end of June. State officials said they have spent over $450 million dollars to help displaced families. Meanwhile, in Brazil's northeast, families have been have been suffering from an extended drought caused by La Nina, which cools down Pacific waters.
http://wn.com/Worst_Flooding_in_100_Years_Hits_Manaus
Policial a paisana reage a assalto em Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:14
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Um soldado da policia militar do Amazonas estava a paisana reagiu a um assalto, foi baleado pelas costas matou os 2 assaltantes, mais infelismente também chegou a óbito a caminho do hospital.
http://wn.com/Policial_a_paisana_reage_a_assalto_em_Manaus
Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Manaus, a sexta cidade mais rica do Brasil , possui a famosa (Zona franca de Manaus que abriga 600 industrias concentradas no setores de tvs , informatica e motocicletas.Manaus é o principal centro financeiro e econômico da região norte do Brasil , é o destino verde Mais procurado. Manaus www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Manaus
Diário de Viagem Manaus - 01 Saida Aeroporto Brasilia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:44
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Nessa série de vídeos, vou tentar registrar os meus passos durante esses dois meses que irei ficar em Manaus, vou mostrar para vocês um pouco de tudo, desde o povo, suas tradições e peculiaridades, até sua culinária típica e saborosa, acredito que essa jornada será muito divertida, e vocês vão me acompanhar nesta aventura no norte do Brasil, acho que vocês irão curtir muito, principalmente quem não conhece a capital do Estado do Amazonas. Este é o primeiro vídeo de muitos que virão, então, Let's go!
http://wn.com/Diário_de_Viagem_Manaus_01_Saida_Aeroporto_Brasilia
Brigas entre estudantes são filmadas e publicadas na internet em Manaus
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Brigas entre estudantes estão ficando cada vez mais frequentes na cidade de Manaus. Desta vez é de duas adolescentes brigando em frente a Escola Municipal Raimunda Eneida Cerquinho da Silva, no bairro Novo Israel, zona norte de Manaus.
http://wn.com/Brigas_entre_estudantes_são_filmadas_e_publicadas_na_internet_em_Manaus
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
photo: UN / Logan Abassi
21 Nov 2012
A report by the UN says global attempts to curb emissions of CO2 are falling well short of what is needed to stem dangerous climate change. The UN's Environment Programme says greenhouse gases are 14% above where they need to be in 2020 for temperature rises this century to remain below 2C. The authors say this target is still technically...(size: 3.5Kb)
The Guardian
21 Nov 2012
Claudia Da Silva: 'We are changing the world one woman at a time' My friend and former colleague Claudia Da Silva founded the London Centre for Personal Safety (LCPS) in 1981 and led the organisation until her death from cancer aged 64. Claudia was committed to providing free self-defence techniques to vulnerable members of society including those...(size: 3.6Kb)
Joy Online
20 Nov 2012
The Daily Telegraph
20 Nov 2012
IMDb
15 Nov 2012
The 9th Annual Amazonas Film Festival wrapped up in style last weekend with an explosion of color and music in...(size: 0.8Kb)
The New York Times
13 Nov 2012
Ask a room full of conservation biologists who they like more, Darwin or Wallace, and Alfred Russel Wallace will win every time. While Darwin is respected, Wallace is revered. More than 800 new species have been named for Wallace, and for Darwin, around 120. Thursday, Nov. 7, marked the 99th anniversary of Wallace’s death and started the countdown...(size: 10.7Kb)
ESPN
12 Nov 2012
Global players' union FIFPro has raised concerns about the planned early afternoon kick-off times at the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, insisting that temperatures in some tropical locations will make playing conditions unbearable. PA PhotosPlayers may face temperatures of 90 degrees at stadiums like the Arena das Dunas, in the northeastern city of...(size: 2.3Kb)
Stockhouse
12 Nov 2012
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - Oct. 23, 2012) - Kenai Resources Ltd. (TSX VENTURE:KAI) ("Kenai") advises the filing on SEDAR of its updated NI 43-101 Technical Report, reporting its maiden mineral resources estimate and covering in detail results from the initial diamond drilling campaign at Sao Chico, including the identification of...(size: 8.8Kb)
Soccer Lens
07 Nov 2012
International football has now has its eyes set on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Preparations are underway on the field and for the field. Work is well underway on the venues that have been selected...(size: 1.3Kb)
Star Telegram
06 Nov 2012
In classic safari style, the first game drive begins at dawn. As the rising sun flushes the sky, flocks of yellow-hooded orioles sing out from the bushes like a choir. Our guide guns it to a favorite viewing spot, then cuts the motor and whistles. Cue the pink dolphin, Amazon endemic, underworld spirit and one of the species that makes travel to...(size: 6.4Kb)
IMDb
02 Nov 2012
The ninth annual Amazonas Film Festival kicks off in the sweltering Amazon Jungle capital of Manaus, Brazil this Saturday...(size: 0.8Kb)
Sun Sentinel
31 Oct 2012
SAO PAULO (Reuters) - When Brazil won the right to host the 2014 World Cup, officials vowed it would be the best and most transparent tournament ever and that hardly a cent of taxpayer money would be spent on stadiums and infrastructure. Today, with the opening match less than two years away, those claims look shaky. Related Brazil's World Cup...(size: 6.8Kb)
Chicago Tribune
29 Oct 2012
SAO PAULO, Brazil — Brazil's governing Workers' Party won control of South America's largest city as Fernando Haddad was elected mayor of Sao Paulo in Sunday's runoff municipal elections. The big election day prize was won after popular former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and President Dilma Rousseff threw their support behind Haddad,...(size: 3.3Kb)
Stockhouse
26 Oct 2012
http://at.marketwire.com/accesstracking/AccessTrackingLogServlet?docid=0811099002&sourceType=1http://www.ccnmatthews.com/logos/20100421-TUSC200.jpg CALGARY, ALBERTA -- (Marketwire) -- -- NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION TO U.S. NEWSWIRE SERVICES OR FOR DISSEMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES. ANY FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THIS RESTRICTION MAY CONSTITUTE A...(size: 62.0Kb)
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
| Manaus | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Municipality — | |||
| The Municipality of Manaus | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): "A Paris dos Trópicos" ("The Paris of the Tropics") | |||
 |
|||
 Manaus
|
|||
| Coordinates: 03°06′0″S 60°01′0″W / 3.1°S 60.016667°W / -3.1; -60.016667 | |||
| Country |  Brazil |
||
| Region | North | ||
| State |  Amazonas |
||
| Founded | 1669 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Amazonino Mendes (PTB) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Municipality | 11,401 km2 (4,402 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 92 m (302 ft) | ||
| Population (2012) | |||
| • Municipality | 1,738,651 (8th) | ||
| • Density | 144.2/km2 (373/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 2,042,185 | ||
| Time zone | AST (UTC-4) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | DST no longer used (UTC-4) | ||
| Postal Code | 69000-000 | ||
| Area code(s) | +55 92 | ||
| Website | Manaus, Amazonas | ||
Coordinates: 03°06′00″S 60°01′00″W / 3.1°S 60.0166667°W / -3.1; -60.0166667
Manaus (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈnaws]) is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination. Manaus belongs to mesoregion Center Amazonense and microregion Manaus. It is located in northern Brazil, 1,936 kilometers (1,203 mi) from the federal capital, Brasília.
The city was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro.[1] It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of "Manaus", which means "mother of the gods" in tribute to the indigenous nation of Manaós, and legally transformed into a city on October 24 of 1848 with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of Black River". Only on September 4 of 1856 did it revert to its current name.[2]
It was known at the beginning of the century, as Heart of the Amazon and City of the Forest.[3] Currently its main economic engine is the Industrial Pool of Manaus.
It is the largest metropolitan area in Northern Brazil and the twelfth in all of Brazil, with 2,006,870 inhabitants (IBGE/2008). The population in 2008 was 1.71 million people; it is the eighth most populous city of Brazil according to data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the IBGE. The city gradually increased its participation in the GDP of Brazil in recent years, rising to account for 1.4% of the economy of the country. Currently, the city is one of 12 most influential cities of the country. Manaus alone represents 10.89% of the population of the whole of Northern Brazil and 49.9% of the population of the Amazon.[4]
Contents |
History[link]
Early settlement[link]
The history of the European colonization of Manaus began in 1669 with the building of a fort in rock and clay, with four cannon guarding the curtains.[citation needed] The Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro was built to ensure the predominance of Portugal in the region, especially against the invasion of the Dutch, at that time headquartered in what is today Suriname. The fort held that function for more than 114 years. Next to the fort there were many indigenous mestizos, who helped in its construction and began to live in the vicinity.[citation needed]
The population grew so much that in 1695, to aid catechism, the missionaries (Carmelite, Jesuit, Franciscan) resolved to erect near the fort a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Conception, which in time became the patron saint of the city.[5]
The Royal Charter of March 3 of 1755, created the Capitania of Sao Jose do Rio Negro, with headquarters in Mariuá (now Barcelos), but the governor Lobo D'Almada, fearing Spanish invasions, the seat went back to the bar in place of 1791, being located at the confluence of the rivers Black and Amazon it was a strategic point. On November 13 of 1832, the place of the bar became the category of town with the name of the town of Manaus and on October 24 of 1848, with Law 145 of the Provincial Assembly Paraense, acquired the name of the Bar of the City of Rio Negro. On September 4 of 1856 the governor Herculano Ferreira Pena finally gave him the name "Manaus".[citation needed]
Cabanagem[link]
The Cabanagem was the revolt in which blacks, Indians and mestizos protested against the political elite and took power in 1835. The entry of the High Amazonas (Manaus today, which was the cradle of the city in the Western Amazon) in Cabanagem was crucial for the birth of the current state of the Amazon. During the period of revolution, the Cabanos of the High Amazon, bands of rebels, roamed throughout the region, and in most settlements their arrival was greeted by the non-white population's spontaneously joining their ranks and there was a greater number of adherents to the movement. With that there was an integration of people surrounding thus forming the state, thanks to Cabanagem.[6] the city was built because of the rubber trees.
The rubber boom[link]
Manaus was at the center of the Amazon region's rubber boom during the late 19th century. For a time, it was "one of the gaudiest cities of the world"[7] One historian has written, "No extravagance, however absurd, deterred" the rubber barons. "If one rubber baron bought a vast yacht, another would install a tame lion in his villa, and a third would water his horse on champagne."[8] The decadence extended to a grand opera house, vast domes and gilded balconies, and marble, glass, and crystal, from around Europe. The opera house cost ten million (public-funded) dollars, but its foolhardiness was demonstrated by the death by yellow fever of half the members of one visiting opera troupe.[9] The opera house, called the Teatro Amazonas, still exists today; it has been restored, was used in the Werner Herzog film Fitzcarraldo, and after a type of interlude lasting almost 90 years, presents operas once again.[10]
_in_Manuas,_Amazonia,_Brazil.jpg)
When the seeds of the rubber tree were smuggled out of the Amazon region, Brazil lost its monopoly on the product and Manaus fell into poverty. The rubber boom had brought electricity to the city before it arrived in many European cities, but the end of the rubber boom made the generators too expensive to run, and the city lost artificial lighting for years.[11] Today's sprawling city of 2 million inhabitants has been generated, so to speak, to a large extent by the duty-free policy that began in the 1950s.[citation needed]
The declaration of a duty free zone in Manaus added to the economic prosperity of the city.[12]
Geography[link]
The largest city in northern Brazil, Manaus occupies an area of 11,401 square kilometers, with a density of 144.4 inhabitants/km ². It is the neighboring city of Presidente Figueiredo, Careiro, Iranduba, Rio Preto da Eva, Itacoatiara and Novo Airão.
Climate[link]
Manaus has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification "Am"). Rainfall intensity is somewhat seasonal, with one half of the year (coinciding with the Southern winter) being half as rainy as the other. Manaus technically has a dry season month, August, where less than 60 mm (2 in) of precipitation falls. Because of this dry season month, the city’s climate falls under the tropical monsoon climate category instead of the tropical rainforest climate category. Average annual temperature is 26.6 °C (80 °F), with more or less consistent temperatures all year round.
| Climate data for Manaus, Brazil (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.5 (86.9) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.42 (88.55) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.65 (79.97) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.26 (73.86) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 260.1 (10.24) |
288.3 (11.35) |
313.5 (12.343) |
300.1 (11.815) |
256.3 (10.091) |
113.6 (4.472) |
87.5 (3.445) |
57.9 (2.28) |
83.3 (3.28) |
125.7 (4.949) |
183.0 (7.205) |
216.9 (8.539) |
2,286.2 (90.008) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 114.7 | 86.8 | 99.2 | 111.0 | 148.8 | 186.0 | 213.9 | 226.3 | 156.0 | 170.5 | 141.0 | 130.2 | 1,784.4 |
| Source: Hong Kong Observatory,[13] | |||||||||||||
Vegetation[link]
The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia.[14] As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.[15]
Green areas[link]
Despite being located in the Amazon, Manaus has few green areas. The city's stock has been frequent in recent years. The largest green areas of the city:
- Park of Mindu: Located in the Center-South of the city, the district Park 10, the Park of Mindú is now one of the largest and most visited parks of the city Amazon. It was created in 1989, through a popular manifesto initiated by the residents of the neighborhood Park on November 10.
- Park of Bilhares: Established in 2005-06, the Park of Bilhares is located in south-central region of Manaus, in the neighborhood of Plateau in the direction neighborhood-Center. The park is one of the attractions of the city.
- Area of the green hill of Aleixo: Created in the 1980s, the green area of the Hill Aleixo is located in the east of the city and is one of the largest urban green areas. It is not open to visits by constant invasions of landless.
- Park Sumaúma: It is a state park located in the north of Manaus, in the district New Town. It is the smallest state park of the Amazon.
- The Adolfo Ducke Forest Reserve is nearby.
Demographics[link]
According to the IBGE of 2010, there were 1,802,525 people residing in the city, and 2,210,825 people residing in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus. The population density was 149.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (388 /sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 63.93% Caboclo, 31.88% White, 2.43% Black, 0.87% Asian or Amerindian.[16]
- Total population: 1,709,010 inhabitants (87% urban, 13% rural, women 52.07% and 47.93% men)
- Population density: 144.4 inhabitants per square km
The population of Manaus is 1,709,010 inhabitants (as performed by counting IBGE in 2008), making it the eighth largest city in Brazil, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Brasilia, Fortaleza, Belo Horizonte and Curitiba. The city's population growth is above the national average, and 10% above the average for the capital of the country. Most of the population is located in the North and East regions of the city, and the New Town (northern area) the neighborhood is the most populous, with more than 260,000 residents. According to the results of the last census, the city's population increased from 343,038 inhabitants in 1960 to 622,733 inhabitants in 1970. Hence by 1990 the population grew to 1,025,979 inhabitants, increasing its density to 90.0 inhabitants / km ².
Religion[link]
Although it has been developed along a predominantly Catholic social matrix, both because of colonization and immigration - even today the majority of Manauenses is Catholic, one can find dozens of different Protestant denominations in the city, as well as the practice of Judaism, Candomblé, Islam and spiritualism, among others.[citation needed] The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manaus.
The city has a very diverse presence of Protestant or Reformed faiths, such as the Presbyterian Church, Calvary Chapel, For Christ International Church of Grace of God, Pentecostal Church of God in Brazil, Methodist Church, the Episcopal Anglican Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Baptist Church, an Assembly of God Church, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, the Jehovah's Witnesses among others. These churches are experiencing considerable growth, mainly in the outskirts of the city. A Mormon temple has been built in the city, the 6th in Brazil.[17]
Districts and regions[link]
Metropolitan region[link]
The Metropolitan Region of Manaus (RMM), which has 2,006,870 inhabitants (counting the population IBGE in 2008) is a metropolitan area of Brazil that comprises eight cities of the Amazonas state, but without conurbation.
Regions[link]
Manaus is divided into seven regions: North, Southern, Central-South, East, West, Mid-West and Rural area. The eastern region of the city is the most populated, with approximately 600,000 inhabitants (2007).[18] The northern region of the city that has the highest rate of population growth in recent years, and has the largest neighborhood of the city, the New Town. The Center-South region has the highest per capita income.[19]
Neighborhoods[link]
The first neighborhood established in Manaus was Educandos. From there, other areas of the city began receiving human occupation, with the arrival of migrants from other regions of Brazil.
Manaus has the largest neighborhood of Latin America, the neighborhood New Town, which has 264,449 inhabitants, but it is estimated that the population exceeds 300,000 inhabitants. The New Town is larger than all the cities inside the Amazonas state.[citation needed]
With the permanence and the strengthening of Free Economic Zone of Manaus, the city began to receive investments and constant migration of people from various regions of the Brazil. Many neighborhoods appeared in the city in a disorganized manner, and those are called invasions.[citation needed]
Economy[link]
See also: Free Economic Zone of Manaus
Although the main industry of Manaus through much of the 20th century was rubber, its importance has declined.[citation needed] Given its location, timber and Brazil-nuts make up important trades, as do petroleum refining, soap manufacturing, and chemical industries. Over the last decades, a system of federal investments and tax incentives have turned the surrounding region into a major industrial center (the Free Economic Zone of Manaus).
Manaus sprawls, but the center of town, the Centro where most of the hotels and attractions are located, rises above the river on a slight hill. As the largest city and a major port on the river, Manaus is commercial. Local industries include brewing, shipbuilding, soap manufacturing, the production of chemicals, computers, motorcycles and petroleum refining of oil brought in by barge and tourism.[20][21]
The mobile phone companies Nokia, Siemens, Sagem, Gradiente and BenQ-Siemens operate mobile phone manufacturing plants in Manaus.[22][23] Plastic lens manufacturer Essilor also has a plant here. The Brazilian sport utility vehicle manufacturer Amazon Veiculos is headquartered in Manaus.[24] Two airlines, Rico Linhas Aéreas and Manaus Aerotáxi, have headquarters on the grounds of Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Manaus.[25][26]
The GDP for the city was R$ 31,916,257,000 (2006).[27]
The per capita income for the city was R$ 18,902 (2006) or about US$10,661.[28]
Free Economic Zone of Manaus[link]
The Free Economic Zone of Manaus (Portuguese: Zona Franca de Manaus - ZFN) is located in the city of Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas, Northern Brazil. The initial idea, a Free Trade Port in Manaus, came from Deputy Francisco Pereira da Silva and was subsequently formalized by Law No. 3.173 on June 6, 1957. The project was approved by the National Congress on October 23, 1951 under No. 1.310 and regulated by Decree No. 47.757 on February 2, 1960. It was then amended by rapporteur Maurcio Jopper, engineer, who by agreement with the original author, justified the creation of a Free Trade Zone instead of a Free Trade Port.[1] For the first ten years the ZFM (Manaus Free Trade Zone) was located in a warehouse rented from Manaus Harbour, in the Port of Manaus, and relied on federal funds. It was perhaps due to this lack of its own resources that there was little credibility in the project. On February 28, 1967, President Castello Branco signed Decree-Law No. 288, whose draft accompanied the Exposition of Motives. Decree-Law No. 288 amended the provisions of Law No. 3.173/57 and redefined the Manaus Free Trade Zone in more concrete terms. The new Decree-Law stipulated that the Manaus Free Trade Zone would have a radius of 10,000 km (6,200 mi) with an industrial centre as well as an agricultural center and that these would be given the economic means to allow for regional development in order to lift the Amazon out of the economic isolation that it had fallen into at that time. Decree No. 61.244 of August 28, 1967 created the Manaus Free Trade Zone Superintendence, SUFRAMA, an autarchy with its own legal status and assets and having financial and administrative autonomy. Tax incentives and the subsequent complementary legislation created comparative advantages in the region with respect to other parts of the country and as a result the Manaus Free Trade Zone attracted new investment to the area. These incentives constituted tax exemptions administered federally by SUFRAMA and SUDAM.
Education[link]
The city has several universities:
- Federal University of Amazonas - Universidade Federal do Amazonas;
- University of the State of Amazonas - Universidade do Estado do Amazonas;
- Federal Center of Technological Education - Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica;
- Centro Universitário do Norte - UNINORTE;
- Lutheran University of Brazil - Universidade Luterana do Brasil;
- Centro de Educação Integrada Martha Falcão;
- Centro de Ensino Superior Nilton Lins;
- Centro Universitário de Educação Superior do Amazonas - CIESA;
- Escola Superior Batista do Amazonas;
- Faculdade Boas Novas;
- Faculdade Metropolitana de Manaus;
- Universidade Paulista.
Transportation[link]
Airports[link]
Eduardo Gomes International Airport is the airport serving Manaus. The airport has two passenger terminals, one for scheduled flights and the other for regional aviation. It also has three cargo terminals
Eduardo Gomes International Airport is Brazil's third largest in freight movement,[29] handling the import and export demand from the Manaus Industrial Complex. For this reason, Infraero invested in construction of the third cargo terminal, opened on December 14, 2004.
Manaus Air Force Base, a base of the Brazilian Air Force is at the former Ponta Pelada Airport.
Highways[link]
There are two federal highways connecting the city to the rest of the country. There is a paved road going North (BR-174) connecting Manaus to Boa Vista, capital of the State of Roraima, and to Venezuela. The BR-319 goes South connecting Manaus to Porto Velho, Rondônia.
Port[link]
Main article: Port of Manaus
Ships dock at the main port in Manaus directly downtown. Lying on the banks of the Negro River, it is 1,450 kilometers (900 mi) inland in the heart of the Amazon rain forest. The terraced city is home to a network of bridged channels that divide it into several compartments. Several mobile phone companies have manufacturing plants in the Port of Manaus, and other major electronics manufacturers have plants there. Major exports include Brazil nuts, chemicals, petroleum, electrical equipment, and forest products, and eco-tourism is an increasingly important source of income for the city. The recent discovery of petroleum in the area brings great promise of further wealth and commerce to the Port of Manaus.[citation needed]
Today, the Port of Manaus is an important commercial center for ocean-going vessels traveling the Amazon. In fact, it is the main transport hub for the entire upper Amazon Basin. It imports beef from the hinterlands and exports hides and leather. Important industries in the Port of Manaus include manufacturing of soap, chemicals, electronics equipment as well as shipbuilding, brewing, and petroleum refining. With so much industry and commerce, the Port of Manaus has become a sophisticated cosmopolitan center. Located next to the Amazon rain forest, it also attracts crowds of tourists who find a variety of land and boat trips into the jungle. Wildlife is plentiful, even within the city, and it is home to the Pied Tamarin, one of Brazil's most endangered primates. Tour boats take visitors to see the point where the black waters of the Rio Negro meet the Solimões River's brown waters, flowing together without mixing for nine kilometers (5.5 miles).[30]
Events and holidays[link]
- February – Amazonas Carnival – samba schools parade at the "sambódromo" in the Convention Center
- May – Ponta Negra’s Music Festival
- May - Amazonas Opera Festival
- June – Amazonas Folklore Festival
- July - Amazonas Jazz Festival
- June 29 – São Pedro Fluvial Procession
- September 5 - Elevation of Amazonas to the category of Brazilian Province
- October 24 – Anniversary of Manaus
- November - Amazonas Film Festival
- December 31 – Ponta Negra's New Year's Eve Party
Sights and attractions[link]
Because of Manaus' location next to the Amazon rain forest, it attracts a substantial number of Brazilian and foreign tourists, who come to see wildlife on land and in the rivers. It is also home to one of the most endangered primates in Brazil, the Pied tamarin.
Tour boats leave Manaus to see the Meeting of the Waters, where the black waters of the Negro River meet the brown waters of the Solimoes River, flowing side by side without mixing for about 9 km. Visitors can also explore river banks and "igarapes", swim and canoe in placid lakes or simply walk in the lush forest or stay at hotels in the jungle.
About 18 km (11 mi) from downtown is Ponta Negra beach, a neighbourhood that has a beachfront and popular nightlife area. A luxurious hotel is located at the west end of Ponta Negra; its zoo and orchid greenhouse as well as preserved woods and beach are open for public visits.
The Mercado Adolpho Lisboa, founded in 1882, is the city's oldest marketplace, trading in fruit, vegetables, and especially fish. It is a copy of the Les Halles market of Paris.[citation needed] Other interesting historical sites include the customs building, of mixed styles and medieval inspiration; the Rio Negro Palace cultural center; and the Justice Palace, right next to the Amazonas Opera House.
Manaus has also many large parks with native forest preservation areas, such as the Bosque da Ciência and Parque do Mindú. The largest urban forest in the world is located within Federal University of Amazonas, which was founded on January 17, 1909 and is the oldest federal university of Brazil.
The city's cultural calendar throughout the year includes the Opera, Theater, Jazz and Cinema festivals, as well as Boi Manaus (usually held around Manaus' anniversary on the 24th of October), which is a great celebration of Northern Brazilian culture through Boi-Bumbá music.
Amazonas Opera House[link]
Main article: Amazon Theatre
The Amazonas Opera House has 700 seats and was constructed with bricks brought over from Europe, French glass and Italian marble. Several important opera and theater companies, as well as international orchestras, have already performed there. The Theater is home to the Amazonas Philharmonic Orchestra which regularly rehearses and performs there along with choirs, jazz bands, dance performances and more.[31]
Parks[link]
Ponta Negra Cultural, Sport and Leisure Park
Ponta Negra beach, located 13 km (8.1 mi) from downtown Manaus, is one of the city's most important tourist attctions. It also has an amphitheater with capacity for 15.000 people.
Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden
The Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden, inside a 100 km² ecological reserve, holds a huge number of plant and animal species.[32]
Municipal Park of Mindú
It is located in an urban area, in the November 10 Park district. It was created in 1992 to be an area of ecological interest. It covers an area of 330,000 m2 (3,552,090 sq ft) of forest remaining from the Township, and is used for scientific, educational, cultural and tourist activities. It is one of the last habitats for the sauim-de-coleira, a species of monkey that only exists in the Manaus region and is threatened with extinction. It is possible to walk through four distinct ecosystems in the park: land covered by secondary growth, firm ground brush, sandbanks and degraded areas that were illegally cleared in 1989. It also has an amphitheater for 600 people, gardens planted with medicinal and aromatic herbs, orchid nursery, aerial trails and signs aiming to develop environmental education programs.[33]
Public Swimming Areas[link]
The Tarumã, Tarumãzinho and Cachoeira das Almas bayous (branches of rivers), located near the city, are leisure spots for the population on weekends. Manaus has several public swimming areas that are being remodeled and urbanized lately. There are also many private clubs that can be visited.
Meeting of the Waters[link]
This natural phenomenon is caused by the confluence of the Negro River's dark water and the Solimões River's muddy brown water that come together to form the Amazonas River. For 6 km (3.7 mi), both rivers waters run side by side, without mixing. This phenomenon is caused by the great difference between the water temperatures and current speeds. The Negro River flows approximately 2 km/h (1.2 mi/h) at 28 °C (82 °F), while the Solimões River flows 4 to 6 km/h (2.4 to 3.7 mi/h) at 22 °C (72 °F).[34]
CIGS Zoo[link]
The zoo is open to the public. It is managed by the Brazilian Army and has approximately 300 species of animals from the Amazon fauna.[35]
Beaches and waterfalls[link]
For outings to beaches and parks situated near the city, it is often necessary to use boats. The beaches are formed right after the river water level starts dropping, which lasts from August to November. Starting in December, as the river rises, the waters invade the sand and the woods on the banks. The Paricatuba Waterfall, located on the right bank of the Negro River, along a small tributary, is formed by sedimentary rocks, surrounded by abundant vegetation. Access is by boat. The best time to visit is from August to February. Love Cascade located in the Guedes bayou, with cold and crystal clear water, is accessible only by boat and, then, hiking through the forest.
Tupé Beach is approximately 34 km (21 mi) from Manaus, this beach is well frequented by bathers on holidays and weekends. It is accessible only by boat. Moon Beach is located on the left bank of the Negro River, 23 km (14 mi) from Manaus. It is accessed only by boat. The beach is shaped like a crescent moon and is surrounded by rare vegetation. Lion waterfall is located on km 34 of the AM-010 highway (Manaus-Itacoatiara).
Sports[link]
Main articles: 2014 FIFA World Cup and Sports in Brazil
Football[link]
The largest stadium of Manaus was the [Vivaldão], which was inaugurated in 1970 by the Brazilian National Team in their last game in the country before they headed to the World Cup in Mexico. It was demolished to be replaced by the 46,000 seater [Arena Amazonas] for the 2014 FIFA World Cup stadia.
The leader club in Manaus is the Nacional Football Club, founded on January 13, 1913, and called "Leão da Vila". Participant of the serie A (first division) for several times between 1970 and 1990. Nacional is 40-times states champion, the great state champion in Amazon state, and one of the greatest state champion in Brazil, and is the best amazonian football club ranked in the CBF ranking, the official Brazilian football entity.
Other club is the Athletic Club Rio Negro, called "Galo da Praça da Saudade" (Remembrance Square Rooster) or "Barriga Preta" club (Black Belly), also founded in 1913, but in November, which is the second largest holder of state titles, and the National Fast Club, the Tricolor of the Boulevard" or "roll", founded in the early 40 years from a dissident's National Football Club, which has won six state championships, in addition to being Northern Region champion and North-Northeast Championshio runner-up in 1970.
There is also San Raimundo Sports Club – the Typhoon Hill (Tufão da Colina), founded on November 18, 1918, participant of the Series B (2nd division) of the Brazilian Championship until 2006, when it was demoted. It is a 7-times states champion, 3-times North Cup champion. Due to its rise to the second division, there was a big increase in attendance, and thus São Raimundo became the largest among the crowd attendance in the state of Amazonas.[citation needed] It participated in a Conmebol Cup and thus its name is remembered outside the country.
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu[link]
Manaus is the origin of several world-champion Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belts, mixed martial artists and submission grapplers. Champions such as Wallid Ismail, Saulo Ribeiro, Cristiane De Souza, Alexandre Ribeiro, Ronaldo Souza,and Bibiano Fernandes hail from Manaus. Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is a major component of MMA (mixed martial arts). Jose Aldo (born September 9, 1986) is the current UFC World Featherweight Champion and a black-belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. Aldo defeated Mike Brown at WEC 44 to win the title and has since successfully defended his title against Urijah Faber, Manvel Gamburyan, Mark Hominick and Kenny Florian.
International relations[link]
Manaus has the following twin cities:
Belém, Brazil
Charlotte, United States- Goiânia, Brazil
Hamamatsu, Japan
Jerusalem, Israel
Banjarmasin, Indonesia- Mesa, United States
Perugia, Italy- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Salt Lake City, United States
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Shanghai, China
Iquitos, Perú
Sarnia, Canada
Seoul, South Korea
Notable people[link]
- Elisio de Albuquerque - film actor
- Jose Aldo - UFC Featherweight Champion
- Helder Agostini - actor
- Arthur Autran - screenwriter, producer, director
- Gabriel Azevedo - television actor
- Djalma Limongi Batista - director, cinematographer, producer
- Diego Brandao - The Ultimate Fighter Season 14 Featherweight Winner
- Antonio Calmon - screenwriter
- Vinicius Cantuaria - television soundtrack composer
- Violeta Cavalcanti - actress
- Luiz de Miranda Correa - screenwriter, director, producer and composer
- Bibiano Fernandes - Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu competitor
- Oscar Felipe - actor
- Wallid Ismail - Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt, UFC competitor
- Darcyana Moreno Izel - film/television director, producer and animator
- Roberto Kahane - film director
- Francisco Lima Govinho - Brazilian Football player
- Cesar Manaus - actor
- Priscilla Meirelles - Miss Earth 2004 and now in the Philippines with her husband John Estrada, a Filipino actor and host of Happy, Yipee, Yehey
- Cosme Alves Neto - actor
- Olga Nobre - actress
- Cristiano Moraes Oliveira - Brazilian Football player
- Fabio Pereira de Oliveira - known as Fabio Bala, Brazilian Football player
- Jefferson Peres - politician
- Antônio Pizzonia - Formula 1 and Champion Car World Series driver
- Eliana Printes - MPB singer and composer
- Larissa Ramos - Miss Earth 2009
- Saulo Ribeiro - Brazilian Jiu Jitsu world champion
- Xande Ribeiro - Brazilian Jiu Jitsu world champion
- Carlos Frederico Rodrigues - screenwriter, director, producer and composer
- Malvino Salvador - actor
- Cláudio Santoro - conductor and composer of classical music
- Márcio Souza - writer and novelist
- Ronaldo Souza - Brazilian Jiu Jitsu world champion, ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship and a MMA-athlete
- Ana Lucia Torre - television actress
References[link]
- ^ Foundation of Manaus
- ^ About Manaus
- ^ Heart of The Amazon and City of the Forest
- ^ Facts of the city of Manaus
- ^ History of Manaus
- ^ Cabanagem History
- ^ David Grann. The Lost City of Z. Random House. New York: 2009. Page 87.
- ^ Robin Furneaux. The Amazon: the Story of a Great River. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1969. Page 153.
- ^ Grann 87.
- ^ Christina Lamb, "A night at the opera - and 14 days on the Amazon to get there", The Sunday Telegraph, London, 17th June 2001
- ^ Lamb, "A night at the opera."
- ^ http://news.google.com/archivesearch?as_q=manaus&num=10&hl=en&btnG=Search+Archives&as_epq=duty+free&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_user_ldate=&as_user_hdate=&lr=&as_src=&as_price=p0&as_scoring=a
- ^ "Climatological Information for Manaus, Brazil". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/manaus_e.htm.
- ^ Turner, I.M. 2001. The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-80183-4
- ^ Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Plants, Amazon River Animals
- ^ (in Portuguese) (PDF) Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2000. Manaus, Brazil: IBGE. 2000. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=7&i=P&c=2094. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ [http://www.mission.net/brazil/manaus/messages.php " "Brazil Manaus Mission - 6 Mormon church in Brazil will be in Manaus"]. Brazil Manaus Mission. January 24, 2009. http://www.mission.net/brazil/manaus/messages.php ".
- ^ East zone of Manaus
- ^ Center-South region of Manaus
- ^ Manaus, Brazil
- ^ Terry Wade of Reuters (2006-09-30). "Jets collide, 155 feared dead". Courier Mail. http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/jets-collide-155-feared-dead/story-e6freon6-1111112292282. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
- ^ Nokia in Manaus
- ^ Siemens
- ^ Industries in Manaus
- ^ Home page. Rico Linhas Aéreas. Retrieved on February 9, 2010.
- ^ "Fale Conosco." Manaus Aerotáxi. Retrieved on October 13, 2009.
- ^ (in Portuguese) (PDF) GDP. Manaus, Brazil: IBGE. 2006. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_impressao.php?id_noticia=1288. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ (in Portuguese) (PDF) per capita income. Manaus, Brazil: IBGE. 2006. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_impressao.php?id_noticia=1288. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ Cargo movement in International Airport of Manaus
- ^ Port of Manaus
- ^ Facts - Amazon Theatre
- ^ Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden
- ^ About Mindú Park
- ^ Natural phenomenon of confluence
- ^ Zoo of Manaus
External links[link]
| Find more about Manaus on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- The Best from Manaus (Portuguese)
- Manaus Official Site (Portuguese)
- Globo Site Manaus Online – portal for Manaus (Portuguese)
- Historic Teatro Amazonas.
- National Institute of Amazonian Research website (in Portuguese and English).
- / Newspapers of Manaus(Portuguese)
- Visit Manaus 2010 guidebook & forum
- Manaus travel guide from Wikitravel
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Manaus
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Manaus
http://cs.wn.com/Manaus
http://id.wn.com/Manaus
http://es.wn.com/Manaos
http://ru.wn.com/Манаус
http://pt.wn.com/Manaus
http://pl.wn.com/Manaus
http://fr.wn.com/Manaus
http://de.wn.com/Manaus
http://nl.wn.com/Manaus (gemeente)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaus
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
