480p is the shorthand name for a video display resolution. The p stands for progressive scan, i.e. non-interlaced. The 480 denotes a vertical resolution of 480 pixel high vertically scanning lines, usually with a horizontal resolution of 640 pixels and 4:3 aspect ratio or a horizontal resolution of less than 854 (848 should be used for mod16 compatibility) pixels for an approximate 16:9 aspect ratio (480 × ¹⁶⁄₉ = 853.333…). Since a pixel must be a whole number, in Wide VGA displays it is generally rounded up to 854 to ensure inclusion of the entire image. The frames are displayed progressively as opposed to interlaced. 480p was used for many early Plasma televisions.^[1][2] Standard definition has always been a 4:3 aspect ratio with a pixel resolution of 640 × 480 pixels. Mini-DV, DVCAM, DV footage is recorded at 29.97 frames per second in this standard definition as seen on DV tapes.

480p does not qualify as high-definition television (HDTV); it is considered Enhanced-definition television (EDTV).

480p24 and 480p30[link]

The ATSC digital television standards define 480p with either 704 × 480 (non-square sampling) or 640 × 480 (square sampling) pixel resolutions, at 24, 30, or 60 progressive frames per second.

Both 480p24 and 480p30 are more common in countries that use or have used the interlaced NTSC system like North America and Japan (these formats are somewhat compatible with that system, when used to broadcast progressive film content).

480p60 (480p59.94)[link]

With doubled temporal resolution, 480p60 is considered enhanced-definition television (EDTV). It can be transported by both major digital television formats, ATSC and DVB.

SMPTE 293M defines a 480p59.94 standard with twice the data rate of Rec. 601, using 720 × 480 active pixels. ITU-R Rec. 601 is the specification for component digital interlaced video (480i) commonly used in standard definition television production.

See also[link]

Television portal

• 1080p
• 720p
• 576p
• 576i
• 480i
• 240p
• Enhanced-definition television (EDTV)

References[link]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009)

Young MC
Young MC at the 1990 Grammy Awards.
Background information
Birth name	Marvin Young
Also known as	Mr. MC, The Young MC Man
Born	(1967-05-10) May 10, 1967 (age 45)
Origin	South Wimbledon, London, England Queens, New York, USA
Genres	Hip Hop, Pop Rap
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, Producer, Actor
Years active	1986–present
Labels	Delicious Vinyl, Capital Records, Overall Records, Young Man Moving Records
Associated acts	Def Jef, Tone-Loc, MC Hammer

Marvin Young (born May 10, 1967), better known by his stage name Young MC, is an English-born American singer, rapper and actor. He is best known for his 1989 hit "Bust a Move". His debut album Stone Cold Rhymin' found international acclaim however subsequent albums have not reached the same level of success. Young has also appeared in film in acting roles and cameo appearances, and has appeared in several television programs. His family left England and moved to Queens, New York when he was eight years old.

Biography[link]

Young attended Hunter College High School in the Upper East Side of Manhattan. He went on to earn a degree in economics from the University of Southern California (USC).^[1] At USC he met Michael Ross and Matt Dike from the record company Delicious Vinyl.^[1] Young rapped over the phone for Ross and Dike, who ended up delivering a record contract to his USC dorm room. In 1989, Young collaborated with Tone Lōc on the songs "Wild Thing" and "Funky Cold Medina".^[1] Young gained fame with the release of his single "Bust a Move", which reached No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and won a Grammy for Best Rap Performance. The single helped Young's debut album, Stone Cold Rhymin', to reach No. 9 on the Billboard 200 and attain platinum status in the US. The follow-up single, "Principal's Office", reached No. 33 on the Billboard Hot 100^[2] and was nominated for Best Rap Video at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards.

Following Young's success, he left Delicious Vinyl, citing restrictions on his work and unwanted changes to his album. The label sued him for breach of contract and the two parties eventually settled out of court.^[1] Young signed with Capitol Records and released his second album, Brainstorm, in 1991. It reached No. 66 on the Billboard 200. Despite the absence of any strong single, the album achieved gold status in the US.^[3] However his third album, What's the Flavor?, released in 1993, was a commercial failure, with both the album and its singles failing to chart. It was his second and final album on Capital Records. In 1997 Young released his fourth album, Return of the 1 Hit Wonder, on the independent label Overall Records. The album produced two singles, "Madame Buttafly" and "On & Poppin" which charted at No. 25 and No. 23 respectively on the Hot Rap Songs chart.^[2]

In 2000, Young released his fifth album, Ain't Goin' Out Like That, on his own record label Young Man Moving Records. The album was Young's first to chart since Brainstorm, peaking at No. 85 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.^[4] In 2002, he released his sixth album, Engage the Enzyme.

In 2002, Young appeared as a contestant on Weakest Link – Rap Stars Edition. He was joined by Run of Run-D.M.C., DJ Quik, Jermaine Dupri, Da Brat, B-Real of Cypress Hill, Xzibit, and Nate Dogg. Young went on to win the celebrity contest, outlasting Xzibit in the finals. All of the proceeds from his winning performance were donated to the Humane Society.

In December 2004 Young traveled to Vancouver to commence shooting for the film The Zero Sum. As an actor Young played Mr. Henderson, a publishing company executive. Film director Raphael Assaf and screenwriter Armen Evrensel asked Young to help create the film, for which he is a co-executive producer. Young also teamed up with Baltimore rapper KNOXX to create "Brotherly Love", the films theme song.

In September 2005, Young was cast in the VH1 reality show Celebrity Fit Club 3. Joining Young was Kelly LeBrock, Bruce Vilanch, Tempestt Bledsoe, Countess Vaughn, Chastity Bono, Jeff Conaway, Gunnar Nelson, and Rapper Bizarre of D12. Young won the competition, losing more weight than anybody else.

Young also made an appearance in a special episode of The Best Damn Sports Show Period which featured "The Top 50 Sports Moments of the 80's". Young crafted lyrics and performed a sports-themed rap song alongside KRS-One and Kool Moe Dee.

After 20 years of living in Los Angeles, Young relocated to Scottsdale, AZ in 2006. He spent 2007 creating his seventh album, Adrenaline Flow, which was released in 2008. Immediately following Adrenaline Flow, Young released an online-only album, B-Sides, Demos and Remixes, compiled from unreleased, remixed and re-recorded tracks.

In 2009, Young released his eighth album, Relentless. Later that year, Young also landed a cameo role in the breakout Jason Reitman film Up in the Air starring George Clooney. Young played himself, performing at a software convention which was crashed by Clooney’s character and his two female co-stars, Anna Kendrick and Vera Farmiga.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Singles[link]

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Young MC biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/young-mc-p140446/biography. Retrieved December 27, 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Young MC Billboard Singles". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/young-mc-p140446/charts-awards/billboard-singles. Retrieved December 27, 2011. 
3. ^ "RIAA – Gold and Platinum". RIAA. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved January 2, 2011.  Search for "Brainstorm"
4. ^ ^{a b} "Young MC Billboard Albums". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/young-mc-p140446/charts-awards. Retrieved December 27, 2011. 

External links[link]

• Young MC profile at NNDB
• Marvin Young at the Internet Movie Database
• Young MC interview on Jammer Direct

Michael Penn (born August 1, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and composer. He is the eldest son of actor/director Leo Penn and actress Eileen Ryan, and the brother of actors Sean Penn and the late Chris Penn.

Career[link]

Michael Penn is a critically acclaimed singer/songwriter and film composer.^[1] Prior to the release of his 1989 debut album March, Penn was a member of the Los Angeles band Doll Congress, and had appeared as an extra on a few television series, including St. Elsewhere.

March, particularly the first single, "No Myth," brought Penn attention, as well as the 1990 MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist. Penn's follow-up albums Free-for-All (1992), Resigned (1997) MP4: Days Since a Lost Time Accident (2000 ) Mr. Hollywood Jr., 1947 (2005) and Palms and Runes, Tarot and Tea (2007) weren't able to match the commercial success of March, although critics continued to praise his songcraft.

It was with Free-for-All that Penn faced the specter of the one-hit wonder. The album, while praised by critics, was not as successful as Penn's debut, though it had more than its share of supporters. Rolling Stone called it "stunning"^[2] and CMJ wrote that the album "exhausts any doubts" about whether March was a fluke.^[3]

In Vox magazine, critic Gary Leboff acknowledged that Penn could be "pig-headedly uncommercial," but, he conceded, "the payoff is sublime". Leboff continues, "His freeform songwriting creates tracks of startling shape and originality, offering literate reflections on the human condition..."^{[citation needed]}

Penn collaborated with the renowned surrealist animators The Brothers Quay on "Long Way Down (Look What The Cat Drug In)," which found a home not on MTV but in film festivals around the country, winning awards along the way.

He has worked extensively creating original music for film; among his first work in this field (if not the first) was for 1993's Tales From the Vienna Woods. He scored two movies released by Paul Thomas Anderson in 1997, Hard Eight and Boogie Nights; he also appears in the latter in a cameo role playing Nick, a recording engineer. During the editing of the film, Anderson directed a music video with Penn for "Try" from Resigned (the video can be found on the Boogie Nights DVD). Other films scored by Penn include Alan Cumming's first two directorial efforts, The Anniversary Party and Suffering Man's Charity;^[4] American Teen, Sunshine Cleaning;^[5] the documentary The Comedians of Comedy; and The Last Kiss. In 2003, he was nominated for a DVDX Award for Best Original Score in a DVD Premiere Movie for Melvin Goes to Dinner.^[6]

In August 2005, Penn released Mr. Hollywood Jr., 1947 on his own Mimeograph Records label. Its songs are set against the background of post-World War II Los Angeles; Penn said he chose the year because of several notable events that took place then, including the passage of the National Security Act and the invention of the transistor.^[7] The album was reissued by Legacy Recordings in April 2007 with bonus tracks from a KCRW session.^[8]

The reissue came in conjunction with Legacy's release of Palms and Runes, Tarot and Tea: A Michael Penn Collection, a compilation that includes several alternate versions and previously unreleased songs. Penn said his goal in compiling, ordering tracks for and producing Palms and Runes was to "make it feel like an album" in its own right.^{[citation needed]}

In late 2009, Penn composed the music for the film That Evening Sun.^[9]

In 2012 Penn composed music for the HBO TV show "Girls".^[10]

Personal life[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2011)

Penn met fellow singer-songwriter Aimee Mann, and during the recording of her album I'm With Stupid (to which Penn contributed), the two struck up a friendship, which blossomed into romance and their December 29, 1997 marriage. Together with manager Michael Hausman they formed United Musicians, an anti-file-sharing, pro-strict-copyright-law organization also interested in helping artists with the promotion and distribution of their work. Penn and Mann live in Los Angeles.

Discography[link]

Solo albums[link]

• March (1989) US #31
• Free-For-All (1992) US #160
• Resigned (1997)
• MP4: Days Since a Lost Time Accident (2000)
• Mr. Hollywood Jr., 1947 (independent release) (2005)
• Cinemascope (2005)
• Palms and Runes, Tarot and Tea: A Michael Penn Collection (2007)
• Mr. Hollywood Jr., 1947 (Legacy reissue) (2007)

Singles[link]

With Gabriele Morgan and Doll Congress/Doll Congress[link]

• Buried Treasure (5-song EP) (1981)
• Doll Congress 12" (1983)
• "Give Up Your Ghost" (sung by Morgan) and "I Will Be Around" (sung by Penn) appear on the soundtrack to Welcome to 18 (1986)

Appearances[link]

• "Retribution" (guitar solo) on Randell Kirsch, LuAnn Olson and Chris Hickey's Show Of Hands (I.R.S. 1989)
• "Body and Soul?" (backing vocals) on Thelonious Monster's Beautiful Mess (1992)
• "It's Not Safe" (guitar, solo guitar) on Aimee Mann's I'm With Stupid (1995)
• "Christmastime", with Aimee Mann on Just Say Noel (1996)
• "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love", with Mark Mothersbaugh on The Moog Cookbook's Ye Olde Space Bande (1997)
• "Macy Day Parade" on Godzilla: The Album (1998)
• "Reason to Believe", with Aimee Mann on Badlands: A Tribute To Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska (2000)
• "Wise Up" (Produced) on Aimee Mann's Bachelor No. 2 (2000)
• "How Am I Different", "Susan" (backing vocals) on Aimee Mann's Bachelor No. 2 (2000)
• "Red Vines" (slide guitar) on Aimee Mann's Bachelor No. 2 (2000)
• "Satellite" (guitar feedback, backing vocals) on Aimee Mann's Bachelor No. 2 (2000)
• "Driving Sideways" (electric guitar, backing vocals) on Aimee Mann's Bachelor No. 2 (2000)
• "Susan" (guitar), on Aimee Mann's Bachelor No. 2 (2000)
• Co-produced The Wallflowers' (Breach) (2000)
• "Two of Us", with Aimee Mann on I Am Sam (2001)
• "It's Sweet", "Little Digger" (produced, recorded by, guitar, bass) on Liz Phair's self-titled fourth album (2003)
• "Red Light Fever", "Take A Look", "Friend Of Mine" (produced, recorded by, guitar) on Liz Phair (2003)

Film Scores[link]

• Tales From The Vienna Woods (1993)
• Hard Eight (originally titled Sydney), with Jon Brion (1996)
• Boogie Nights (1997)
• The Anniversary Party (2001)
• Melvin Goes to Dinner (2003)
• The Comedians of Comedy (2005)
• The Last Kiss (2006)
• Suffering Man's Charity (2007)
• American Teen (2008)
• Sunshine Cleaning (2008)
• That Evening Sun (2009)
• Bollywood Hero (2009)
• Solitary Man (2010)

Acting[link]

• St. Elsewhere (playing a lab technician, as an extra) (1985)
• Boogie Nights (Nick, an engineer) (1997)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Michael Penn.com official site
• Bunker Hill fan site
• United Musicians
• MySpace page
• Discogs page
• Michael Penn at the Internet Movie Database
• Michael Penn at Allmusic