African elephants form a widely-accepted taxon, the genus Loxodonta

A taxon (plural: taxa) is a group of (one or more) organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement. Defining what belongs or does not belong to such a taxonomic group is done by a taxonomist with the science of taxonomy. It is not uncommon for one taxonomist to disagree with another on what exactly belongs to a taxon, or on what exact criteria should be used for inclusion.

Taxonomists sometimes make a distinction between "good" (or natural) taxa and others that are "not good" (or artificial). Today it is common to define a good taxon as one that reflects evolutionary (phylogenetic) relationships, but this is not mandatory.

A taxon may be given a formal name, or a scientific name. Such a scientific name is governed by one of the Nomenclature Codes, which sets out rules to determine which scientific name is correct for that particular grouping.

Advocates of phylogenetic nomenclature, using cladistic methods, do require taxa to be monophyletic, consisting of all descendants of some ancestor. They generally do not refer to taxa as their basic unit, but to "clades," a clade being a special form of taxon. However, even in traditional nomenclature, few taxonomists of our time would establish new taxa that they know to be paraphyletic.^[1] A famous example of a widely accepted taxon that is not also a clade is the "Reptilia."

Definition[link]

The Glossary of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) defines^[2] a

• "taxon, (pl. taxa), n.

A taxonomic unit, whether named or not: i.e. a population, or group of populations of organisms which are usually inferred to be phylogenetically related and which have characters in common which differentiate (q.v.) the unit (e.g. a geographic population, a genus, a family, an order) from other such units. A taxon encompasses all included taxa of lower rank (q.v.) and individual organisms. [...]"

But there are other definitions.

Ranks[link]

A taxon can be assigned a rank, usually (but not necessarily) when it is given a formal name. The rank of a given taxon is not necessarily fixed, but can be altered later by another (or the same) taxonomist.

"Phylum" applies formally to any biological domain, but traditionally it was always used for animals, whereas "Division" was traditionally often used for plants, fungi, etc.

The hierarchy of biological classification's eight major taxonomic ranks, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.

A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix super- indicates a rank above, the prefix sub- indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix infra- indicates a rank below sub-. For instance, among the additional ranks of class are superclass, subclass and infraclass.

Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular systematic schema. For example, liverworts have been grouped, in various systems of classification, as a family, order, class, or division (phylum). The use of a narrow set of ranks is challenged by users of cladistics; for example, the mere 10 ranks traditionally used between animal families (governed by the ICZN) and animal phyla (usually the highest relevant rank in taxonomic work) often cannot adequately represent the evolutionary history as more about a lineage's phylogeny becomes known. In addition, the class rank is quite often not an evolutionary but a phenetical and paraphyletic group and as opposed to those ranks governed by the ICZN, can usually not be made monophyletic by exchanging the taxa contained therein. This has given rise to phylogenetic taxonomy and the ongoing development of the PhyloCode, which is to govern the application of names to clades.

See also[link]

• ABCD Schema
• Alpha taxonomy
• Folk taxonomy
• Chresonym
• Cladistics
• International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)
• International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
• Rank (botany)
• Rank (zoology)
• Segregate (taxonomy)

References[link]

Sanne Salomonsen in Århus, 2005

Sanne Salomonsen (born 30 December 1955) is a notable Danish singer. She has been performing since 1975, and various songs by her band Sneakers were on the charts continuously from 1979 to 1985. She was also a member of the Anne Linnet Band.

Discography[link]

In Aalborg, 2010

Albums[link]

• 1973 - Sanne Salomonsen (Spotlight label) (Danish)
• 1977 - Precious Moments (English)
• 1985 - Sanne Salomonsen (Virgin label) (Danish; last 4 English tracks are bonus tracks taken from the English release)
• 1987 - Ingen Engel (Denmark release) (Danish; last 4 English tracks are bonus tracks taken from the English release)
• 1987 - No Angel (English)
• 1989 - Sanne (Danish)
• 1990 - Love is gonna call (English)
• 1991 - Where blue begins (English)
• 1994 - Language of the heart (English)
• 1994 - Unplugged
• 1996 - 1996 (Danish)
• 1996 - 1996 (English)
• 1998 - In a New York minute (English)
• 2003 - Freedom (English)
• 2005 - The Album (English)
• 2009 - Unico (Danish)
• 2011 - Tiden Brænder (Danish)

Compilations[link]

• 2000 - De bedste af de bedste vol. 1 (Denmark release; features two re-recorded Danish songs, Den jeg elsker and Misbrugt og forladt)
• 2000 - De bedste af de bedste vol. 2 (Denmark release)
• 2000 - Sannes bästa vol. 1 (Sweden release; different cover art, tracks identical to DK release)
• 2000 - Sannes bästa vol. 2 (Sweden release; different cover art, tracks identical to DK release)
• 2006 - The Hits (Denmark release)

DVDs[link]

• 2005 - The Show DVD
• 2005 - Et Portræt af hele danmarks rock-mama

External links[link]

• Official homepage

This article about a Danish singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e