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![◄ Leaning Tower of Pisa, Pisa [HD] ►](http://web.archive.org./web/20121001231907im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/vfh4SIDcE6Q/0.jpg "The Leaning Tower is not only known for its beautiful looks, but more so for its heavy tilt. It is one of the heaviest leaning towers in the world -- and for sure the most famous one. For more info on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, visit: www.worldsiteguides.com \"..The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built as a part of Piazza dei Miracolli and is the piazza's third oldest structure, after the Cathedral and the Baptistry. More precisely, an inscription located to the right above the entrance to the tower, tells us that the construction started on august 9th, 1173.\" Formore great video and audio guides from the world's most interesting places, check out www.worldsiteguides.com Worldsiteguides.com has three purposes. The first is to be a source of inspiration for your next trip or simply to dream yourself away. Once you have chosen where to go, worldsiteguides.com serves as an aid in planning your journey and deciding what to see. Last but not least, our Audioguides are meant to accompany you on your trip to provide valuable information once you are on-site at your destination. All this provided to you without any cost at all - Enjoy! This video is posted under a CC-BY-SA license: creativecommons.org")
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Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Alexandria
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Amalfi
Amalfi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno, c. 35 km southeast of Naples. It lies at the mouth of a deep ravine, at the foot of Monte Cerreto (1,315 meters, 4,314 feet), surrounded by dramatic cliffs and coastal scenery. The town of Amalfi was the capital of the Maritime Republic of Amalfi, an important trading power in the Mediterranean between 839 and around 1200.
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Ancona
Ancona (; from ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of central Italy, population 101,909 (2005). Ancona is situated on the Adriatic Sea and is the center of the province of Ancona and the capital of the region.
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Antioch
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Aragon
Aragon (Spanish and , ) is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the region comprises three provinces from north to south: Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza (also called Saragossa in English).
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Arno
The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber.
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Arno River
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Aversa
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Baptistry (Pisa)
The Baptistry of St. John () is a religious building in Pisa, Italy. It started construction in 1152, in replacement of an older baptistry, and completed in 1363. It's the second building, in the chronological order, in the Piazza dei Miracoli, near the Cathedral and the famous Leaning Tower.
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Barcelona
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Bientina
Bientina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 50 km west of Florence and about 15 km east of Pisa.
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Brindisi
Brindisi ( IPA : / 'Brindizi / , Brindisi Brinnisi, Latin Brundisium, Greek or Brentesion Vrindhision) is a city in the Apulia (or Puglia) region of Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, off the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
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Buti
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Caesarea
Caesarea (; , Kaysaria; ) is a town in Israel on the outskirts of Caesarea Maritima, the ancient port city. It is located mid-way between Tel Aviv and Haifa (45 km), on the Israeli Mediterranean coast near the city of Hadera. Modern Caesarea as of December 2007 has a population of 4,500 people, and is the only Israeli locality managed by a private organization, the Caesarea Development Corporation, and also one of the most populous localities not recognized as a local council. It lies under the jurisdiction of the Hof HaCarmel Regional Council.
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Cagliari
Cagliari (, ) is the capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 160,000 inhabitants, or about 400,000 including the outlying townships (metropolitan area): Elmas, Assemini, Capoterra, Selargius, Sestu, Monserrato, Quartucciu, Quartu Sant'Elena.
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Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
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Calci
Calci is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km west of Florence and about 9 km east of Pisa. The main settlement is the frazione of La Pieve, while the rest of the population is distributed between other hamlets.
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Calcinaia
Calcinaia is a comune (municipality) and town in the province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 50 km west of Florence and about 20 km east of Pisa.
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Campo Santo
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Capannoli
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Carthage
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Casale Marittimo
Casale Marittimo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 50 km southeast of Pisa. It is located in the Pisan Maremma.
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Casciana Terme
Casciana Terme is a town of 3696 inhabitants in the province of Pisa. Formed from what was until 1927, the southern part of the municipality of Lari, which was already referred to as Bagni di Casciana.
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Cascina
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Castellina Marittima
Castellina Marittima is a comune (municipality) in the province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 35 km southeast of Pisa.
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Chianni
Chianni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km southwest of Florence and about 35 km southeast of Pisa.
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Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the central Italian region of Lazio. A sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea, it is located 80 kilometers west-north-west of Rome, across the Mignone river. The harbor is formed by two piers and a breakwater, on which is a lighthouse.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (, , Turkish: Istanbul) was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.
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Corsica
Corsica (, ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia.
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Cremona
:Cremonese redirects here. For the football team, see U.S. Cremonese.
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Crespina
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Denmark
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Fauglia
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Florence
Florence ( , ; alternative obsolete spelling: Fiorenza, Latin: Florentia) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 367,569 inhabitants (1,500,000 in the metropolitan area).
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Gaeta
Gaeta is a city and comune in the province of Latina, in Lazio, central Italy. Set on a promontory stretching towards the Gulf of Gaeta, it is 120 km from Rome and 80 km from Naples.
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Genoa
Genoa ( , ; in Genoese and Ligurian: Zena, ; in Latin and, archaically, in English: Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000. Genoa's Metropolitan Area has a population of about 1,400,000. It is also called la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past. Part of the old city of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, made it 2004's EU Capital of culture.
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Greece
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Grosseto
Grosseto is a town and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto. The city lies 14 km from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the Maremma, at the centre of an alluvial plain, on the Ombrone river.
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Guardistallo
Guardistallo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 50 km southeast of Pisa.
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Italy
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Jaffa
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Jericho
Jericho ( ); is a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of the Palestinian Territories. It is the capital of the Jericho Governorate, and has a population of over 20,000 Palestinians. Situated well below sea level on an east-west route north of the Dead Sea, Jericho is the lowest permanently inhabited site on earth. It is also believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
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Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of Naples to distinguish it from the island-based polity. During much of its existence, the realm was contested between French and Aragonese/Spanish dynasties. In 1816, it again merged with island-based Kingdom of Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
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Lajatico
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Languedoc
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Lari, Tuscany
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Latakia
Latakia or Latakiyah (and often locally transliterated as Lattakia) ( Al-Ladhiqiyah) is the principal port city of Syria, as well as the capital of the Latakia Governorate. In addition to serving as a port, the city is a manufacturing center for surrounding agricultural towns and villages. Its population in 2009 was 650,558 and consisted of Sunnis, Alawites and Greek Orthodox Christians.
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Lerici
Lerici is a town and comune in the province of La Spezia in Liguria (northern Italy), part of the Italian Riviera. Its nearest bay is the Bay of Lerici. The town is connected by ferry to the Cinque Terre and Portovenere.
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Livorno
Livorno , traditionally called Leghorn (pronounced "Leggun") in English, is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of approximately 160,000 residents in 2009. The third-largest port on the western coast of Italy, Livorno supports substantial cruise-ship tourism to Florence and other destinations in Tuscany and Umbria.
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Lorenzana
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Lucca
Lucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plain near (but not on) the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Lucca. Among other reasons, it is famous for its intact Renaissance-era city walls.
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Mahdia
:For the Islamic eschatological figure, see Mahdi.
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Marina di Pisa
Marina di Pisa is a seaside resort of Tuscany, in central Italy.
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Massa
Massa is a town and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, the administrative centre of the province of Massa-Carrara. It is located in the Frigido River Valley, near the Alpi Apuane, some 5 kilometers from the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Mazara del Vallo
Mazara del Vallo (Sicilian: Mazzara) is a town and comune in southwestern Sicily, Italy, which lies mainly on the left bank at the mouth of the Mazaro river, administratively part of the province of Trapani.
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Messina
Messina (, , Sicilian: Missina) is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, Italy and the capital of the province of Messina. It has a population of c. 240,000 inhabitants in the city proper and about 500,000 in the province. It is located near the northeast corner of Sicily, at the Strait of Messina, just opposite Villa San Giovanni on the mainland.
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Montescudaio
Montescudaio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 45 km southeast of Pisa.
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Monteverdi Marittimo
Monteverdi Marittimo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 60 km southeast of Pisa.
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Montignoso
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Naples
Naples ( , , Neapolitan: Napule) is a city in Italy; it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. Known for its rich history, art, culture, architecture, music, and gastronomy, Naples has played an important role in the the Italian peninsula and beyond for much of its existence, which began more than 2,800 years ago. Situated on the west coast of Italy by the Gulf of Naples, the city is located halfway between two volcanic areas, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields.
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Noli
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Ocala, Florida
Ocala is a city in Marion County, Florida. As of 2007, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 53,491. It is the county seat of Marion County, and the principal city of the Ocala, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated 2007 population of 324,857.
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Orciano Pisano
Orciano Pisano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 25 km southeast of Pisa, in the Pisan Hills.
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Palaia
Palaia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 45 km southwest of Florence and about 30 km southeast of Pisa.
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Palazzo delle Vedove
The Palazzo delle Vedove (Italian for ''Widows' Palace'') is a palace in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
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Palermo
Palermo (, Sicilian: Palermu, , from , Panormos, , Balharm) is a historic city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its rich history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Peccioli
Peccioli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 50 km southwest of Florence and about 30 km southeast of Pisa.
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Piazza dei Miracoli
The Piazza del Duomo ("Cathedral Square") is a wide, walled area at the heart of the city of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, recognized as one of the main centers for medieval art in the world. Partly paved and partly grassed, it is dominated by four great religious edifices: the Duomo, the Leaning Tower (the cathedral's campanile), the Baptistry and the Camposanto.
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Pisa
Pisa (; ) is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its Leaning Tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 87,500 residents contains more than 20 other historic churches, several palaces and various bridges across the River Arno. The city is also home of the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century.
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Pomarance
Pomarance is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km southwest of Florence and about 60 km southeast of Pisa.
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Ponsacco
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Pontedera
Pontedera is an Italian industrial town in Tuscany, Italy, in the administrative province of Pisa. It is the headquarters of the Piaggio company, which in the 1930s was a major aircraft manufacturer and which now manufactures motor vehicles such as the Vespa and the Ape. It has also been the headquarters of the wine company Castellani Spa since it was founded in 1903.
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Portovenere
Portovenere (sometimes, in English, Porto Venere) is a town and comune (municipality) located on the Ligurian coast of Italy in the province of La Spezia. It comprises the three villages of Fezzano, Le Grazie and Portovenere, and the three islands of Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto. In 1997 Portovenere and the villages of Cinque Terre were designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
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Puglia
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Pula
Pula (; ; , ) is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 (2006).
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Ravenna
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Reggio Calabria
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Riparbella
Riparbella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 40 km southeast of Pisa.
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River Arno
http://wn.com/River_Arno -
Salerno
Salerno is a small city and comune in Campania (south-western Italy) and is the capital of the province of the same name. It is located on the Gulf of Salerno on the Tyrrhenian Sea.
http://wn.com/Salerno -
San Francesco (Pisa)
'''San Francesco de' Ferri''' is a church in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
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San Frediano, Pisa
San Frediano is a church in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
http://wn.com/San_Frediano_Pisa -
San Giuliano Terme
San Giuliano Terme is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km west of Florence and about 7 km northeast of Pisa.
http://wn.com/San_Giuliano_Terme -
San Michele in Borgo
San Michele in Borgo is a church in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
http://wn.com/San_Michele_in_Borgo -
San Miniato
San Miniato is a town and comune in the province of Pisa, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
http://wn.com/San_Miniato -
San Nicola di Pisa
http://wn.com/San_Nicola_di_Pisa -
San Paolo all'Orto
'''San Paolo all'Orto''' is a church in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
http://wn.com/San_Paolo_all'Orto -
San Pietro a Grado
San Piero a Grado (Italian: Basilica di San Piero Apostolo) is a church in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, in the eponymous frazione. The church is located where once was a now disappeared port of the Pisan Republic, where, according to the legend, St. Peter landed in Italy from Antiochia in 44 AD.
http://wn.com/San_Pietro_a_Grado -
San Sisto (Pisa)
http://wn.com/San_Sisto_(Pisa) -
San Sisto, Pisa
San Sisto is a church in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
http://wn.com/San_Sisto_Pisa -
San Zeno (Pisa)
San Zeno is a church and an abbey in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
http://wn.com/San_Zeno_(Pisa) -
Santa Luce
Santa Luce is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 30 km southeast of Pisa.
http://wn.com/Santa_Luce -
Santa Maria a Monte
Santa Maria a Monte is a comune in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region of Tuscany. The town lies about 45 km west of Florence and about 25 km east of Pisa.
http://wn.com/Santa_Maria_a_Monte -
Savona
Savona (Sann-a in the local dialect of Ligurian) is a seaport and comune in the northern Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea.
http://wn.com/Savona -
Serchio
At 126 kilometres the Serchio (in antiquity the Auser) is the third longest river in the Italian region of Tuscany, coming after the Arno (242 km) and the Ombrone (161 km). By mean rate of flow it is the second largest, following the Arno but preceding the Ombrone.
http://wn.com/Serchio -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Split (city)
Split is the largest Dalmatian city, the second-largest urban centre in Croatia, and the seat of Split-Dalmatia County. The city is located on the shores of the Mediterranean, more specifically on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, spreading over a central peninsula and its surroundings, with its metropolitan area including the many surrounding seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub, the city is a link to the numerous surrounding Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula, as well as a popular tourist destination.
http://wn.com/Split_(city) -
Syracuse, Italy
http://wn.com/Syracuse_Italy -
Terricciola
http://wn.com/Terricciola -
Tirrenia
Tirrenia is a frazione of Pisa, Italy with a population of 3,112 inhabitants. Immersed in the pine forest of the Litorale Pisano and the Ligurian Sea (even if the name of the village refers to Tyrrhenian Sea, in Italian Mar Tirreno), Tirrenia is situated in the center of the coast of Tuscany and the Parco Naturale Migliarino, San Rossore and Massaciuccoli, between Pisa and Livorno.
http://wn.com/Tirrenia -
Torre dei Gualandi
The Torre dei Gualandi is a former tower in Pisa, central Italy, now included in the Palazzo dell'Orologio.
http://wn.com/Torre_dei_Gualandi -
Trapani
http://wn.com/Trapani -
Tripoli
http://wn.com/Tripoli -
Troy
http://wn.com/Troy -
Tunisia
http://wn.com/Tunisia -
Turin
Turin (, pronounced ; Piedmontese: Turin, pronounced ) is a major city as well as a business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 (November 2008) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants; the Turin metropolitan area is estimated by OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.
http://wn.com/Turin -
Tyre (Lebanon)
http://wn.com/Tyre_(Lebanon) -
Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea () is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.
http://wn.com/Tyrrhenian_Sea -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
University of Pisa
http://wn.com/University_of_Pisa -
Vecchiano
http://wn.com/Vecchiano -
Venice
Venice ( , Venetian: Venesia) is a city in northern Italy known both for tourism and for industry, and is the capital of the region Veneto, with a population of about 272,000 (census estimate 1 January 2004). Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area (population 1,600,000).
http://wn.com/Venice -
Vicopisano
:"Lugnano" redirects here. For the comune, see Lugnano in Teverina.
http://wn.com/Vicopisano -
Villa di Corliano
The Palazzo al Borgo di Corliano is a villa situated near coast of Tuscany, central Italy, in the valley between Lucca and Pisa, 2 kilometres from the Spa town of San Giuliano Terme. It is one of the numerous villas that built by the Pisan merchants as summer houses, along the fertile west slopes of Mount Pisano.
http://wn.com/Villa_di_Corliano -
West Bank
The West Bank (, , , ''HaGadah HaMa'aravit'') is a landlocked territory and is the eastern part of the Palestinian territories; on the west bank of the Jordan River in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south, the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel. To the east, across the Jordan River, lies the country of Jordan. The West Bank also contains a significant coastline along the western bank of the Dead Sea. Since 1967, most of the West Bank has been under Israeli military occupation as what it calls the Judea and Samaria Area. A smaller part of the West Bank is administered by the Israeli civilian authorities as part of Jerusalem District.
http://wn.com/West_Bank -
Zadar
http://wn.com/Zadar
-
Afro Poli
Afro Poli (December 22, 1902, Pisa - February 22, 1988, Rome) was an Italian operatic baritone, particularly associated with the Italian repertory.
http://wn.com/Afro_Poli -
Alexius I Comnenus
http://wn.com/Alexius_I_Comnenus -
Almoravides
http://wn.com/Almoravides -
Andrea Bocelli
Andrea Bocelli, (; born 22 September 1958) is an Italian tenor, multi-instrumentalist and classical crossover artist. Born with poor eyesight, he became totally blind at the age of twelve following a soccer accident.
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Andrea Pisano
Andrea Pisano (1290 – 1348), also known as Andrea da Pontedera, was an Italian sculptor and architect.
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Antonio Pacinotti
Antonio Pacinotti (17 June 1841 – 24 March 1912) was an Italian physicist, who was Professor of Physics at the University of Pisa.
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Antonio Tabucchi
Antonio Tabucchi (born September 23, 1943) is an Italian writer and academic who teaches Portuguese language and literature at the University of Siena, Italy.
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Aurelio Lomi
http://wn.com/Aurelio_Lomi -
Baccio Bandinelli
http://wn.com/Baccio_Bandinelli -
Benedetto Zaccaria
http://wn.com/Benedetto_Zaccaria -
Bernard of Clairvaux
http://wn.com/Bernard_of_Clairvaux -
Caesar Augustus
http://wn.com/Caesar_Augustus -
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (; born 9 December 1920) is an Italian politician and banker. He was the 73rd Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of the Italian Republic from 1999 to 2006. He is currently a Senator for life in the Italian Senate.
http://wn.com/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi -
Carlo Rubbia
Carlo Rubbia (born on 31 March 1934 in Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.
http://wn.com/Carlo_Rubbia -
Charlemagne
http://wn.com/Charlemagne -
Cosimo I de Medici
http://wn.com/Cosimo_I_de_Medici -
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (May/June c.1265September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. He was born in Florence; he died and is buried in Ravenna.
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Desiderius
Desiderius (also known as Daufer or Dauferius; Didier in French and Desiderio in Italian) was the last king of the Lombard Kingdom of northern Italy (died c. 786). He is chiefly known for his connection to Charlemagne, who married his daughter and conquered his realm.
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Diego Simeone
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Diego_Simeone -
Domenico Passignano
:for the town in Umbria, see Passignano sul Trasimeno.
http://wn.com/Domenico_Passignano -
Donatello
http://wn.com/Donatello -
Dunga
Football biography 2
http://wn.com/Dunga -
El Cid
http://wn.com/El_Cid -
Enrico Fermi
http://wn.com/Enrico_Fermi -
Enzio of Sardinia
http://wn.com/Enzio_of_Sardinia -
Fibonacci
http://wn.com/Fibonacci -
Francesco Traini
Francesco Traini was an Italian painter who was demonstrably active from 1321 to approx. 1365 in Pisa and Bologna.
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Francis of Assisi
Saint Francis of Assisi (Giovanni Francesco di Bernardone; 1181/1182October 3, 1226) was a Catholic deacon and preacher. He also was the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, more commonly known as the Franciscans.
http://wn.com/Francis_of_Assisi -
Frederick Barbarossa
http://wn.com/Frederick_Barbarossa -
Gaetano Bardini
http://wn.com/Gaetano_Bardini -
Galileo Galilei
http://wn.com/Galileo_Galilei -
Giorgio Chiellini
Football biography 2
http://wn.com/Giorgio_Chiellini -
Giorgio Vasari
http://wn.com/Giorgio_Vasari -
Giosuè Carducci
http://wn.com/Giosuè_Carducci -
Giovanni Gentile
Giovanni Gentile (; May 30, 1875 – April 15, 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. He described himself as 'the philosopher of Fascism', and ghostwrote A Doctrine of Fascism (1932) for Benito Mussolini. He also devised his own system of philosophy, Actual Idealism.
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Giovanni Pisano
http://wn.com/Giovanni_Pisano -
Giuliano Amato
Giuliano Amato (born 13 May 1938 in Turin) is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly nicknamed dottor Sottile, (which means both "Dr. Thin" and "Doctor Subtilis", a joke about both his physical thinness and his political insightfulness). From 2006 to 2008, he was the Minister of the Interior in Romano Prodi's government.
http://wn.com/Giuliano_Amato -
Innocent II
http://wn.com/Innocent_II -
Jacopo Chimenti
http://wn.com/Jacopo_Chimenti -
Jacopo da Empoli
http://wn.com/Jacopo_da_Empoli -
Jacopo Ligozzi
http://wn.com/Jacopo_Ligozzi -
Jason Acuña
http://wn.com/Jason_Acuña -
Keith Haring
http://wn.com/Keith_Haring -
Ligures
The Ligures (singular Ligus or Ligur; English: Ligurians, Greek: ) were an ancient people who gave their name to Liguria, a region of north-western Italy.
http://wn.com/Ligures -
Liutprand of Cremona
Liutprand, also Liudprand, Liuprand, Lioutio, Liucius, Liuzo, and Lioutsios (c. 922 – 972) was a Lombard historian and author, and Bishop of Cremona.
http://wn.com/Liutprand_of_Cremona -
Lombards
The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe who settled in the valley of the Danube and from there invaded Byzantine Italy in 568 under the leadership of Alboin. They established a Lombard Kingdom, later named Kingdom of Italy, which lasted until 774, when it was conquered by the Franks. Their influence on Italian political geography is apparent in the regional appellation Lombardy.
http://wn.com/Lombards -
Lorenzo de' Medici
'''Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1, 1449 – April 9, 1492) was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent' (Lorenzo il Magnifico'') by contemporary Florentines, he was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets. His life coincided with the high point of the early Italian Renaissance; his death marked the end of the Golden Age of Florence. The fragile peace he helped maintain between the various Italian states collapsed with his death. Lorenzo de' Medici is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.
http://wn.com/Lorenzo_de'_Medici -
Masaccio
http://wn.com/Masaccio -
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Berber, Black African and Arab descent from Northern Africa, some of whom came to conquer and occupy the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed other religions. They called the territory Al Andalus, comprising most of what is now Spain and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Moors -
Nicola Pisano
http://wn.com/Nicola_Pisano -
Nino Pisano
Nino Pisano (fl. 1349 – 1368) was an Italian sculptor, the son of Andrea Pisano.
http://wn.com/Nino_Pisano -
Oberto Doria
'''Oberto D'Oria''' (died 1295) was an Italian politician and admiral of the Republic of Genoa.
http://wn.com/Oberto_Doria -
Orazio Gentileschi
http://wn.com/Orazio_Gentileschi -
Otto IV
http://wn.com/Otto_IV -
Pope Celestine III
http://wn.com/Pope_Celestine_III -
Pope Gregory I
http://wn.com/Pope_Gregory_I -
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.
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Pope Gregory VII
Pope St. Gregory VII (c. 1015/1028 – May 25, 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana (), was Pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the college of cardinals. He was at the forefront of both evolutionary developments in the relationship between the Emperor and the papacy during the years before becoming pope. He was beatified by Gregory XIII in 1584, and canonized in 1728 by Benedict XIII as Pope St. Gregory VII. He twice excommunicated Henry IV, who in the end appointed the Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the political power struggles between church and Empire. Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory was during his own reign despised by many for his expansive use of papal powers. Joseph McCabe describes Gregory VII as a "rough and violent peasant, enlisting his brute strength in the service of the monastic ideal which he embraced."
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Pope Innocent III
http://wn.com/Pope_Innocent_III -
Pope Paschal II
Paschal II (died January 21, 1118), born Ranierius, was Pope from August 13, 1099, until his death. A monk of the Cluniac order, he was created cardinal priest of the Titulus S. Clementi by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) about 1076, and was consecrated pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on August 19, 1099.
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Pope Urban II
http://wn.com/Pope_Urban_II -
Rustichello da Pisa
Rustichello da Pisa also known as Rusticello and Rustigielo,(fl. late 13th century) was an Italian romance writer best known for cowriting Marco Polo's autobiography while they were in prison together in Genoa. A native Pisan, he may have been captured by the Genoese at the Battle of Meloria in 1284, amid a conflict between the Republic of Genoa and Pisa. When Polo was imprisoned around 1298, perhaps after a clash between Genoa and Venice (according to tradition the Battle of Curzola), he dictated his tales of travel to Rustichello, and together they turned it into the book known as The Travels of Marco Polo.
http://wn.com/Rustichello_da_Pisa -
Rutilio Manetti
http://wn.com/Rutilio_Manetti -
Santi di Tito
Santi di Tito (1536 - 1602 or 1603) was an Italian painter of Late-Mannerist or proto-Baroque style, what is sometimes referred to as Contra-Maniera or Counter-Mannerism.
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Saracen
Saracen was a term used by the ancient Romans to refer to people who inhabited the deserts near the Roman province of Syria and who were distinct from Arabs. The term was later applied to Arab peoples and by the time of European chroniclers during the time of the Crusades came to be synonymous with Muslim.
http://wn.com/Saracen -
Sergio Bertoni
Sergio Bertoni (September 23, 1915 – February 15, 1995) was an Italian football (soccer) player in striker role, and later manager.
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Simone Martini
http://wn.com/Simone_Martini -
Strabo
http://wn.com/Strabo -
Taddeo Gaddi
Taddeo Gaddi (c. 1300 – 1366) was a medieval Italian painter and architect. As a painter, he created altar-pieces and murals and is primarily noted as a pupil and follower of Giotto. As an architect, he is credited with the design of the Ponte Vecchio.
http://wn.com/Taddeo_Gaddi -
Titta Ruffo
Titta Ruffo (June 9, 1877 - July 5, 1953), was an Italian opera singer. Known as the "Voce del leone" ("voice of the lion"), he was greatly admired even by his rival baritones, such as Giuseppe De Luca, who said of Ruffo: "His was not a voice, it was a miracle;" (although not often published is the second part of De Luca's conclusion "...which he [Ruffo] bawled away..."), and Victor Maurel, the creator of Verdi's Iago and Falstaff. Maurel said that the notes of Ruffo's upper register were the most glorious baritone sounds he had ever heard.
http://wn.com/Titta_Ruffo -
Ventura Salimbeni
Ventura di Archangelo Salimbeni (also later called Bevilacqua; 20 January 1568 - 1613) was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker and among the last representatives of a style influenced by the earlier Sienese School of Quattrocento-Renaissance.
http://wn.com/Ventura_Salimbeni -
Virgil
http://wn.com/Virgil
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PISA - Measuring student success around the world
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:15
- Published: 01 Dec 2011
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
A test the whole world can take... It's a breathtaking concept -- but for the OECD, it's a very real way of finding out how well-prepared today's students are to participate in society. If you're not quite sure what PISA is or does, and you've got about 12 minutes to spare, grab a comfortable chair. This video will help you to understand why the OECD's number-crunchers trigger such intense debate about the state of education around the world every time they release the results of the latest PISA survey. You'll learn a lot—and you won't be tested on any of it! www.pisa.oecd.org
http://wn.com/PISA_Measuring_student_success_around_the_world
Pisa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:56
- Published: 20 Oct 2009
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
tourvideos.com Pisa walk from train station through the Old Town to the Leaning Tower of Pisa, then visit inside the Duomo, and walk back to the train station in the busy pedestrian lanes.
http://wn.com/Pisa
Pisa, Italy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:04
- Published: 13 Sep 2008
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
Shot on August 23, 2008 at the Field of Miracles. The Baptistery, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, stands opposite the west end of the Duomo. It is the largest baptistery in Italy. The heart of the Piazza dei Miracoli is the Duomo, the medieval cathedral, entitled to Santa Maria Assunta (St. Mary of the Assumption). The Leaning Tower is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral. It is situated behind the cathedral. Although intended to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift direction. Full length videos can be found on my web site @ timvp.com
http://wn.com/Pisa,_Italy
◄ Leaning Tower of Pisa, Pisa [HD] ►
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Published: 18 Jan 2011
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
The Leaning Tower is not only known for its beautiful looks, but more so for its heavy tilt. It is one of the heaviest leaning towers in the world -- and for sure the most famous one. For more info on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, visit: www.worldsiteguides.com "..The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built as a part of Piazza dei Miracolli and is the piazza's third oldest structure, after the Cathedral and the Baptistry. More precisely, an inscription located to the right above the entrance to the tower, tells us that the construction started on august 9th, 1173." Formore great video and audio guides from the world's most interesting places, check out www.worldsiteguides.com Worldsiteguides.com has three purposes. The first is to be a source of inspiration for your next trip or simply to dream yourself away. Once you have chosen where to go, worldsiteguides.com serves as an aid in planning your journey and deciding what to see. Last but not least, our Audioguides are meant to accompany you on your trip to provide valuable information once you are on-site at your destination. All this provided to you without any cost at all - Enjoy! This video is posted under a CC-BY-SA license: creativecommons.org
http://wn.com/◄_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa,_Pisa_HD_►
Troll high-fiving people in Pisa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Published: 07 May 2012
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
See the title? That's what this video is about. www.jeg.ro Thanks to vitrina.ro and vlad.ilariant.ro. Songs is 'Creep', by esteemed Richard Cheese. High-five trolling response videos are welcome. Be careful with tourists that climb on the chain fences and don't anger dads. Extra-win for more troll high-fives in a row.
http://wn.com/Troll_high-fiving_people_in_Pisa
Pisa -2010.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Published: 10 Jul 2010
- Updated: 07 May 2012
www.tourvideos.com Train from Florence to Pisa, visit the Leaning Tower and the Duomo Cathderal, walking tour through the old town back to the train station.
http://wn.com/Pisa_-2010mov
Voices - Pisa no inimigo (remix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Published: 05 Oct 2008
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Pisa no inimigo rexix
http://wn.com/Voices_Pisa_no_inimigo_remix
Education : What do students know and what can they do?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Published: 06 Dec 2010
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
The OECD's latest PISA Survey tests reading, mathematics and science performance by students in 65 economies worldwide. Aside from global rankings, the report discusses which educational systems are offering students the best training for entering the workforce of tomorrow, and why. For more information, visit: www.oecd.org/PISA
http://wn.com/Education_What_do_students_know_and_what_can_they_do?
naci en Alamo - Remedios Silva Pisa - English translation & Spanish lyrics; Film: Vengo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 07 Jun 2009
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
A haunting rendition of a Spanish gypsy song by Remedios Silva Pisa from Tony Gatlif's Spanish movie Vengo ("I have come" or it could be "I avenge"). The Spanish version is actually an adaptation of a Greek version called 'Balamo' composed by Dionysis Tsaknis, which is based on a Gypsy song. Some people claim that the title of the song is "naci en el amor" (I was born of love). However, the movie credits show as follows: "Nací en Alamo" Lyrics by Tony Gatlif; Musical arrangement by Gritos de Guerra and Tony Gatlif after Dionissis Tsaknis". Clearly, Gatlif was inspired by the song Balamo, and he used a similar sounding Spanish word Alamo. It is interesting to note that the story of the film takes palce in the Andalucia region of Spain, where several places have Alamo in their name. Also, I have read that the movie Vengo was actually filmed in Portugal near a place named Alamo. Tony Gatlif has infused the film Vengo with music, dances and images that are used as symbols representing the continued cycles of rise and fall as well as intermingling of various cultures over generations in the Andalucia region of Spain. In this song, you observe the singer uttering words of despair while also dancing with a smile which may symbolize hope over the adversity her community faces. Here is an approximate translation: no tengo lugar (I have no place) y no tengo paisaje (I have no view or vista) aun menos tengo patria (I have no homeland) con mis dedos hago fugo (With my fingers, I can <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/naci_en_Alamo_Remedios_Silva_Pisa_English_translation_Spanish_lyrics;_Film_Vengo
Leaning Tower of Pisa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Published: 15 Nov 2010
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
A quick look at the area near the leaning tower of Pisa taken by travel writer Trevor Claringbold. The weather was rather dramatic at the time and created this amazing double rainbow. Read his article at www.eurodestination.com
http://wn.com/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa
PISA 2012 - Representing Your Country
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Published: 13 Feb 2012
- Updated: 03 Jul 2012
The triennial Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey takes place in March 2012 and around 3000 Scottish students will take part. A host of up-and-coming young Scottish athletes talk about what it means to represent their country on the international stage, whilst Education Secretary Michael Russell thanks those that are representing Scotland as well as wishing them good luck. Scottish Athletes (in order of appearance) are rower Emma MacDonald, triathlete Marc Austin, curler Michael Goodfellow and tennis player Jonny O'Mara.
http://wn.com/PISA_2012_Representing_Your_Country
PISA Italy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Published: 01 Jun 2009
- Updated: 18 May 2012
Starting at Piazza dei Miracoli , the square in which the Leaning Tower is located, the architectural splendor of the Cathedral and the Baptisterium are in fascinating contrast with the Camposanto Cemetery. Classic art, frescos and sculptures living alongside the engaging simplicity and reverent calm of a graveyard. Although the decorative splendor, symmetry and generous dimensions of the Piazza dei Cavalieri is a feast to the eye, it is the startling and precarious imperfection of the Leaning Tower that dominates the interest of this Renaissance city.
http://wn.com/PISA_Italy
Pisa ultras dancing and singing the Lambada
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Published: 29 May 2006
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
www.ultrasspirit.com Ultras all over the world The world of supporters
http://wn.com/Pisa_ultras_dancing_and_singing_the_Lambada
Jenga Tower Of Pisa Crash - HQ Full Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Published: 19 Mar 2008
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
This is the full video of the jenga tower of pisa crash. No obscuring labels, and you can tell it was a set up joke.
http://wn.com/Jenga_Tower_Of_Pisa_Crash_HQ_Full_Video
Florence, Pisa, Capri, Sorrento, Pompeii, Italy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:31
- Published: 19 Jul 2008
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. It, along with Herculaneum (its sister city), was destroyed, and completely buried, during a catastrophic eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius spanning two days on 24 August 79 AD.[1] The volcano collapsed higher roof-lines and buried Pompeii under many meters of ash and pumice, and it was lost for nearly 1700 years before its accidental rediscovery in 1748. Since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city at the height of the Roman Empire. Today, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Italy, with 2571725 visitors in 2007[2], and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sorrento is a small city in Campania, Italy, with some 16500 inhabitants. It is a popular tourist destination. The town can be reached easily from Naples and Pompeii, as it lies at the south-eastern end of the Circumvesuviana rail line. The town overlooks the bay of Naples, as the key place of the Sorrentine Peninsula, and many viewpoints in the city allow sight of Naples itself (visible across the bay), Vesuvius and the island of Capri. Vesuvius overlooking Sorrento and the Bay of Naples.The Amalfi Drive (connecting Sorrento and Amalfi) is the narrow road that threads around the high cliffs above the Mediterranean. Ferry boats and hydrofoils provide services to Naples, Amalfi, Positano, Capri and Ischia <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Florence,_Pisa,_Capri,_Sorrento,_Pompeii,_Italy
The machining power of Pisa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Published: 29 Jul 2012
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
It's one of Europe's most advanced research centres -- designing futuristic technology and robotics. The Sant'Anna school in Pisa is developing everything from a bionic arm to a mind-bogglingly fast type of internet connection -- and it's also training a new generation of innovative engineers. Duration: 02:03
http://wn.com/The_machining_power_of_Pisa
Wanderlust - The Leaning Tower - Pisa, Italy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 29 May 2012
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Michelle and Andrea visit the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy and learn about the history of the tale of Pinocchio in this episode of Wanderlust where Michelle and Andrea find beauty and inspiration in the city of Pisa, Italy. Want to travel to Italy? Check out the Contiki trip we took: goo.gl Find beauty and inspiration around the world in FAWN's Wanderlust. New episodes every week. Music: Carl M. Cartagena - "bvr v8 (set 3)" icehouseindustries.com http Subscribe to FAWN: goo.gl FAWN on the Web: youtube.com fawn.tv http twitter.com FAWN (For All Women Network) is an online network catering to innovative and conscious minded young women who enjoy beauty, fashion and a contemporary lifestyle. Our programming aims to entertain and inspire showcasing everyone from fashion forward designers to the hottest celebrities and will be taking you to the most incredible locations all over the world. FAWN, the network for women just like you.
http://wn.com/Wanderlust_The_Leaning_Tower_Pisa,_Italy
Train Journey from Pisa to Livorno, Tuscany, Italy - 3rd August, 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Published: 11 Aug 2010
- Updated: 07 Jul 2012
Views from a train as it makes its way from Pisa station to Livorno Centrale, including the suburbs of Pisa, the Tuscan countryside and the docks, harbour, railway sidings and industry near Livorno Central station.
http://wn.com/Train_Journey_from_Pisa_to_Livorno,_Tuscany,_Italy_3rd_August,_2010
Pisa - Os Galácticos PART. João Marcos Pancotti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Published: 16 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Musica inédita de João Marcos Pancotti, PISA. LETRA: Depois que você foi embora eu virei sócio do "buteco" Tomando todas todo dia quase que eu tive um treco E na noite passada eu vi meu mundo se acabar Você passou com outro, foi só pra me provocar Não deu certo o nosso amor Eu dei a minha vida pra quem só me magoou Mas o tempo vai passar Dou a volta por cima e um novo amor vai chegar Refrão Pisa, pisa, mas quando eu levantar corre Eu vou chorar, mas eu vou melhorar E quando isso acontecer eu tenho até dó de você Vai chorar e implorar o meu amor, mas eu é quem não vou querer Pisa, pisa, mas quando eu levantar corre Eu vou chorar, mas eu vou melhorar Enquanto isso eu vou ligar pras minhas amigas Até chegar o dia em que eu vou me curar Então pode pisar Fã page: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Pisa_Os_Galácticos_PART_João_Marcos_Pancotti
The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy remodeled in ArchiCAD 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 07 Jun 2012
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, first modeled with native ArchiCAD building elements, then rotated with the help of the new MORPH Tool to reflect historical authenticity... ...and for a gag :) ArchiCAD 16 introduces direct modeling capabilities into the native BIM environment with its brand new MORPH™ tool. Register and watch the GRAPHISOFT ArchiCAD BIMComponents Webinar here: www.graphisoft.com More information www.graphisoft.com www.graphisoft.com Download ArchiCAD for free myarchicad.com ArchiCAD 16 official photo: Vennesla Library & Cultural Center Helen & Hard, Norway - www.hha.no Photo: © Emile Ashley Music: "Urbana-Metronica (wooh-yeah mix)" by spinningmerkaba (feat. Morusque, Jeris, CSoul, Alex Beroza) ccmixter.org is licensed under a Creative Commons license: creativecommons.org
http://wn.com/The_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa,_Italy_remodeled_in_ArchiCAD_16
Posturing & Proposing in Pisa Italy - June, 10 - 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Published: 10 Jun 2011
- Updated: 03 Jan 2012
From Fibonacci to Vortex Fantasies, Stewart and Janet Swerdlow delineate fascinating ideas about the energies of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and the surrounding areas as they bring you incredible live updates on their latest global adventure. Learn more eye-opening information at www.expansions.com
http://wn.com/Posturing_Proposing_in_Pisa_Italy_June,_10_2011
PISA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Published: 24 May 2007
- Updated: 25 Jun 2012
Pisa es un municipio de la región italiana de la Toscana y es la capital de la homónima provincia. Alberga el aeropuerto más importante de la región, el Aeropuerto Galileo Galilei, y es la sede de tres instituciones universitarias. Entre los monumentos más importantes de la ciudad está —en la célebre Piazza dei Miracoli, declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad— la catedral construida en mármol entre los años 1064 y 1118, en estilo románico, con sus portales en bronce de Bonanno Pisano y el púlpito de Giovanni Pisano. En esta plaza surge la llamativa torre inclinada del siglo XII, con una altura de 55 metros, que sufrió su característica inclinación inmediatamente después de iniciarse su construcción. Cabe señalar que existen en Pisa tres torres inclinadas. La más conocida en Piazza dei Miracoli, cerca del extremo norte de la céntrica Via Santa Maria, junto al duomo (catedral); la segunda constituye el campanario de la Iglesia de San Nicola, en el extremo opuesto de Via Santa Maria, junto al Lungarno; la tercera, en la mitad del paseo fluvial delle Piagge sito en la parte este de la ciudad, es el campanario de la iglesia de San Michele degli Scalzi (en este caso incluso la iglesia es inclinada). La razón de que tal cantidad de edificios, sobre todo los altos y delgados como los campanarios, se encuentren inclinados, es la naturaleza pantanosa del terreno sobre el que está situada la ciudad. Que en muchos casos cede y se asienta con el peso de estas edificaciones.
http://wn.com/PISA
TOMMY J PISA, Dibatas Kota Ini
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Published: 02 Feb 2010
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Collection of high quality Memories Indonesian Pop Hits 70s & 80s. Enjoy!!
http://wn.com/TOMMY_J_PISA,_Dibatas_Kota_Ini
![The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Duomo di Pisa, in the Piazza dei Miracoli. The Piazza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[171] and both buildings are examples of Romanesque architecture.[172]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121001231907im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/ac/4d/fac1ad5144677bfff924fdb2de5c_small.jpg "The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Duomo di Pisa, in the Piazza dei Miracoli. The Piazza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[171] and both buildings are examples of Romanesque architecture.[172]")
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![The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Duomo di Pisa, in the Piazza dei Miracoli. The Piazza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[171] and both buildings are examples of Romanesque architecture.[172]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121001231907/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/ac/4d/fac1ad5144677bfff924fdb2de5c_medium.jpg "The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Duomo di Pisa, in the Piazza dei Miracoli. The Piazza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[171] and both buildings are examples of Romanesque architecture.[172]")
Photo: US Navy / Chief Mass Communication Specialist Michael B. Watkins
30 Sep 2012
KABUL, Afghanistan -- U.S. military deaths in the Afghan war have reached 2,000, a cold reminder of the human cost of an 11-year-old conflict that garners little public interest at home as the United...
Photo: AP / Richard Drew
29 Sep 2012
The US president and the Israeli PM have expressed agreement on the goal of preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, the White House said. Barack Obama and Binyamin Netanyahu sought on Friday...
Photo: AP / Kenya Ministry for Defense
29 Sep 2012
Islamist militants in Somalia say they have withdrawn from their southern stronghold of Kismayo, following an African Union military attack. Kenyan and Somali forces launched a beach assault on...
Photo: AP / Shaam News Network SNN
01 Oct 2012
Beirut: The US wants to oust the Damascus regime by raising fears overs its chemical weapons stockpiles, creating a scenario similar to that which led to the invasion of Iraq, Syrian Foreign Minister...
Photo: AP / AU-UN IST, Stuart Price
01 Oct 2012
Somali and Kenyan armed forces have entered the southern port city of Kismayo, a former rebel stronghold, from the west. The African Union forces entered the city from the west, and did not face any...
noodls
LIST will be sponsoring the workshop "Instabilities in Financial Markets" organized by Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa (Italy) on October 18-19. The workshop aims to present cutting edge research on...(size: 1.4Kb)
noodls
09.27.12 BOSTON, September 27, 2012 - The Boston Business Journal recently named Regina M. Pisa, Chairman of Goodwin Procter LLP, to the publication's 2012 'Power 50' list. The annual list, now in its second year, recognizes influential industry and civic leaders driving change within the Boston...(size: 3.4Kb)
Business Wire
BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The Boston Business Journal recently named Regina M. Pisa, Chairman of Goodwin Procter LLP, to the publication’s 2012 ‘Power 50’ list. The annual list, now in its second year, recognizes influential industry and civic leaders driving change within the Boston economy. In...(size: 5.4Kb)
Circling the Leaning Tower of Pisa
17 Sep 2012
The Times of India
SHARE AND DISCUSS Tweet Circling the Leaning Tower of Pisa (Thinkstock photos/Getty Images) While touring the 'Leaning Tower of Pisa', we realised that it is not just one architectural marvel that enchants visitors towards this city. Instead, it has an entire square of monumental magnificence...(size: 4.5Kb)
PISA vasool this year?
09 Sep 2012
The Times of India
SHARE AND DISCUSS Tweet Indian students did so badly in the 2009 PISA test that they may not sit for the latest edition of the exam. Officials say the questions don't conform to our sensibilities, but experts believe the problem lies in the way we teach our kids. The question seems simple enough....(size: 5.4Kb)
Pisa, pizza, towers and turbos
03 Sep 2012
Independent online (SA)
I was alerted to this one by reader Denise, who dropped me this note: “I would like you to award a bunch of beautiful Orchids to the Debonairs TV advert featuring the delightful Josh and his leaning tower of pizza (Pisa).” A day or so later I saw the ad – and I must say I have to...(size: 5.7Kb)
Indian Express
Just why did Indians perform so badly at the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) as to stand at the bottom of the ladder? The government thinks it is not a reflection on the countrys schooling. Advised by the NCERT, the HRD Ministry has concluded that India trailed in...(size: 1.9Kb)
First Pisa, now Rome's Colosseum - it's leaning
30 Jul 2012
Chicago Tribune
ROME (Reuters) - The ancient Colosseum of Rome, where gladiators fought for their lives, is slanting about 40 cm (16 inches) lower on the south side than on the north, and authorities are investigating whether it needs urgent repairs. Experts first noticed the incline about a year ago and have been...(size: 2.0Kb)
Fox News
The north and south sides of the Colosseum are no longer aligned.Foeke Noppert If the Venerable Bede (673-735), the Anglo-Saxon monk and the first English historian who wrote these words (later translated by the poet Lord Byron), heard the news today, he might indeed believe that the end of the...(size: 3.5Kb)
Leaning Colosseum of Rome: Famous landmark ready to take Pisa's place as it tilts by ...
30 Jul 2012
The Daily Mail
Rome's famous Colosseum...(size: 0.2Kb)
For other uses, see Pisa (disambiguation).
| Pisa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Comune — | |||
| Comune di Pisa | |||
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 Pisa
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| Coordinates: 43°43′N 10°24′E / 43.717°N 10.4°E / 43.717; 10.4Coordinates: 43°43′N 10°24′E / 43.717°N 10.4°E / 43.717; 10.4 | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| Region | Tuscany | ||
| Province | Pisa (PI) | ||
| Frazioni | Marina di Pisa, Tirrenia, Calambrone, Barbaricina, Riglione, Oratoio, Putignano, San Piero a Grado, Coltano, Sant'Ermete, Ospedaletto | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Marco Filippeschi (Democratic Party) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 185 km2 (71 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) | ||
| Population (November 2010) | |||
| • Total | 88,332 | ||
| • Density | 480/km2 (1,200/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym | Pisan (Italian: Pisani) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 56100 | ||
| Patron saint | San Ranieri | ||
| Saint day | 17 June | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Pisa (
/ˈpiːzə/; Italian pronunciation: [ˈpiːsa][1]) is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 88,332 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other historic churches, several palaces and various bridges across the River Arno.
The city is also home of the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the mythic Napoleonic Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies as the best Superior Graduate Schools in Italy.
Contents |
History[link]
Ancient times[link]
Pisa lies at the junction of two rivers, the Arno and the Serchio, which form a laguna at the Tyrrhenian Sea. The origin of the name, Pisa, is a mystery. While the origin of the city had remained unknown for centuries, the Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans, and the Ligurians had variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archaeological remains from the 5th century BC confirmed the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis, discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi in 1991, confirmed its Etruscan origins.
Ancient Roman authors referred to Pisa as an old city. Strabo referred Pisa's origins to the mythical Nestor, king of Pylos, after the fall of Troy. Virgil, in his Aeneid, states that Pisa was already a great center by the times described; the settlers from the Alpheus coast have been credited with the founding of the city in the 'Etruscan lands'. The Virgilian commentator Servius wrote that the Teuti, or Pelops, the king of the Pisaeans, founded the town thirteen centuries before the start of the common era.
The maritime role of Pisa should have been already prominent if the ancient authorities ascribed to it the invention of the naval ram. Pisa took advantage of being the only port along the western coast from Genoa (then a small village) to Ostia. Pisa served as a base for Roman naval expeditions against Ligurians, Gauls and Carthaginians. In 180 BC, it became a Roman colony under Roman law, as Portus Pisanus. In 89 BC, Portus Pisanus became a municipium. Emperor Augustus fortified the colony into an important port and changed the name in Colonia Iulia obsequens.
Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages[link]
During the later years of the Roman Empire, Pisa did not decline as much as the other cities of Italy, probably thanks to the complexity of its river system and its consequent ease of defence. In the 7th century Pisa helped Pope Gregory I by supplying numerous ships in his military expedition against the Byzantines of Ravenna: Pisa was the sole Byzantine centre of Tuscia to fall peacefully in Lombard hands, through assimilation with the neighbouring region where their trading interests were prevailing. Pisa began in this way its rise to the role of main port of the Upper Tyrrhenian Sea and became the main trading centre between Tuscany and Corsica, Sardinia and the southern coasts of France and Spain.
| Piazza del Duomo, Pisa * | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Country | Italy |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iv, vi |
| Reference | 395 |
| Region ** | Europe |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1987 (11th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO |
|
After Charlemagne had defeated the Lombards under the command of Desiderius in 774, Pisa went through a crisis but soon recovered. Politically it became part of the duchy of Lucca. In 930 Pisa became the county centre (status it maintained until the arrival of Otto I) within the mark of Tuscia. Lucca was the capital but Pisa was the most important city, as in the middle of 10th century Liutprand of Cremona, bishop of Cremona, called Pisa Tusciae provinciae caput ("capital of the province of Tuscia"), and one century later the marquis of Tuscia was commonly referred to as "marquis of Pisa". In 1003 Pisa was the protagonist of the first communal war in Italy, against Lucca of course. From the naval point of view, since the 9th century the emergence of the Saracen pirates urged the city to expand its fleet: in the following years this fleet gave the town an opportunity for more expansion. In 828 Pisan ships assaulted the coast of North Africa. In 871 they took part in the defence of Salerno from the Saracens. In 970 they gave also strong support to the Otto I's expedition, defeating a Byzantine fleet in front of Calabrese coasts.
11th century[link]
Main article: Republic of Pisa
The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the four main historical Maritime Republics of Italy (Repubbliche Marinare).
At that time, the city was a very important commercial centre and controlled a significant Mediterranean merchant fleet and navy. It expanded its powers in 1005 through the sack of Reggio Calabria in the south of Italy. Pisa was in continuous conflict with the Saracens, who had their bases in Corsica, for control of the Mediterranean. In 1017 Sardinian Giudicati were militarily supported by Pisa, in alliance with Genoa, to defeat the Saracen King Mugahid who had settled a logistic base in the north of Sardinia the year before. This victory gave Pisa supremacy in the Tyrrhenian Sea. When the Pisans subsequently ousted the Genoese from Sardinia, a new conflict and rivalry was born between these mighty marine republics. Between 1030 and 1035, Pisa went on to defeat several rival towns in Sicily and conquer Carthage in North Africa. In 1051–1052 the admiral Jacopo Ciurini conquered Corsica, provoking more resentment from the Genoese. In 1063 admiral Giovanni Orlando, coming to the aid of the Norman Roger I, took Palermo from the Saracen pirates. The gold treasure taken from the Saracens in Palermo allowed the Pisans to start the building of their cathedral and the other monuments which constitute the famous Piazza del Duomo.
In 1060 Pisa had to engage in their first battle with Genoa. The Pisan victory helped to consolidate its position in the Mediterranean. Pope Gregory VII recognised in 1077 the new "Laws and customs of the sea" instituted by the Pisans, and emperor Henry IV granted them the right to name their own consuls, advised by a Council of Elders. This was simply a confirmation of the present situation, because in those years the marquis had already been excluded from power. In 1092 Pope Urban II awarded Pisa the supremacy over Corsica and Sardinia, and at the same time raising the town to the rank of archbishopric.
Pisa sacked the Tunisian city of Mahdia in 1088. Four years later Pisan and Genoese ships helped Alfonso VI of Castilla to push El Cid out of Valencia. A Pisan fleet of 120 ships also took part in the First Crusade and the Pisans were instrumental in the taking of Jerusalem in 1099. On their way to the Holy Land the ships did not miss the occasion to sack some Byzantine islands: the Pisan crusaders were led by their archbishop Daibert, the future patriarch of Jerusalem. Pisa and the other Repubbliche Marinare took advantage of the crusade to establish trading posts and colonies in the Eastern coastal cities of the Levant. In particular the Pisans founded colonies in Antiochia, Acre, Jaffa, Tripoli, Tyre, Latakia and Accone. They also had other possessions in Jerusalem and Caesarea, plus smaller colonies (with lesser autonomy) in Cairo, Alexandria and of course Constantinople, where the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus granted them special mooring and trading rights. In all these cities the Pisans were granted privileges and immunity from taxation, but had to contribute to the defence in case of attack. In the 12th century the Pisan quarter in the Eastern part of Constantinople had grown to 1,000 people. For some years of that century Pisa was the most prominent merchant and military ally of the Byzantine Empire, overcoming Venice itself.
12th century[link]
In 1113 Pisa and the Pope Paschal II set up, together with the count of Barcelona and other contingents from Provence and Italy (Genoese excluded), a war to free the Balearic Islands from the Moors: the queen and the king of Majorca were brought in chains to Tuscany. Even though the Almoravides soon reconquered the island, the booty taken helped the Pisans in their magnificent programme of buildings, especially the cathedral and Pisa gained a role of pre-eminence in the Western Mediterranean.
In the following years the mighty Pisan fleet, led by archbishop Pietro Moriconi, drove away the Saracens after ferocious combats. Though short-lived, this success of Pisa in Spain increased the rivalry with Genoa. Pisa's trade with the Languedoc and Provence (Noli, Savona, Fréjus and Montpellier) were an obstacle to the Genoese interests in cities like Hyères, Fos, Antibes and Marseille.
The war began in 1119 when the Genoese attacked several galleys on their way to the motherland, and lasted until 1133. The two cities fought each other on land and at sea, but hostilities were limited to raids and pirate-like assaults.
In June 1135, Bernard of Clairvaux took a leading part in the Council of Pisa, asserting the claims of pope Innocent II against those of pope Anacletus II, who had been elected pope in 1130 with Norman support but was not recognised outside Rome. Innocent II resolved the conflict with Genoa, establishing the sphere of influence of Pisa and Genoa. Pisa could then, unhindered by Genoa, participate in the conflict of Innocent II against king Roger II of Sicily. Amalfi, one of the Maritime Republics (though already declining under Norman rule), was conquered on 6 August 1136: the Pisans destroyed the ships in the port, assaulted the castles in the surrounding areas and drove back an army sent by Roger from Aversa. This victory brought Pisa to the peak of its power and to a standing equal to Venice. Two years later its soldiers sacked Salerno.
In the following years Pisa was one of the staunchest supporters of the Ghibelline party. This was much appreciated by Frederick I. He issued in 1162 and 1165 two important documents, with the following grants: apart from the jurisdiction over the Pisan countryside, the Pisans were granted freedom of trade in the whole Empire, the coast from Civitavecchia to Portovenere, a half of Palermo, Messina, Salerno and Naples, the whole of Gaeta, Mazara and Trapani, and a street with houses for its merchants in every city of the Kingdom of Sicily. Some of these grants were later confirmed by Henry VI, Otto IV and Frederick II. They marked the apex of Pisa's power, but also spurred the resentment of cities like Lucca, Massa, Volterra and Florence, who saw their aim to expand towards the sea thwarted. The clash with Lucca also concerned the possession of the castle of Montignoso and mainly the control of the Via Francigena, the main trade route between Rome and France. Last but not least, such a sudden and large increase of power by Pisa could only lead to another war with Genoa.
Genoa had acquired a largely dominant position in the markets of Southern France. The war began presumably in 1165 on the Rhône, when an attack on a convoy, directed to some Pisan trade centres on the river, by the Genoese and their ally, the count of Toulouse failed. Pisa on the other hand was allied to Provence. The war continued until 1175 without significant victories. Another point of attrition was Sicily, where both the cities had privileges granted by Henry VI. In 1192, Pisa managed to conquer Messina. This episode was followed by a series of battles culminating in the Genoese conquest of Syracuse in 1204. Later, the trading posts in Sicily were lost when the new Pope Innocent III, though removing the excommunication cast over Pisa by his predecessor Celestine III, allied himself with the Guelph League of Tuscany, led by Florence. Soon he stipulated a pact with Genoa too, further weakening the Pisan presence in Southern Italy.
To counter the Genoese predominance in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Pisa strengthened its relationship with their Spanish and French traditional bases (Marseille, Narbonne, Barcelona, etc.) and tried to defy the Venetian rule of the Adriatic Sea. In 1180 the two cities agreed to a non-aggression treaty in the Tyrrhenian and the Adriatic, but the death of Emperor Manuel Comnenus in Constantinople changed the situation. Soon there were attacks on Venetian convoys. Pisa signed trade and political pacts with Ancona, Pula, Zara, Split and Brindisi: in 1195 a Pisan fleet reached Pola to defend its independence from Venice, but the Serenissima managed soon to reconquer the rebel sea town.
One year later the two cities signed a peace treaty which resulted in favourable conditions for Pisa. But in 1199 the Pisans violated it by blockading the port of Brindisi in Puglia. In the following naval battle they were defeated by the Venetians. The war that followed ended in 1206 with a treaty in which Pisa gave up all its hopes to expand in the Adriatic, though it maintained the trading posts it had established in the area. From that point on the two cities were united against the rising power of Genoa and sometimes collaborated to increase the trading benefits in Constantinople.
13th century[link]
In 1209 there were in Lerici two councils for a final resolution of the rivalry with Genoa. A twenty-year peace treaty was signed. But when in 1220 the emperor Frederick II confirmed his supremacy over the Tyrrhenian coast from Civitavecchia to Portovenere, the Genoese and Tuscan resentment against Pisa grew again. In the following years Pisa clashed with Lucca in Garfagnana and was defeated by the Florentines at Castel del Bosco. The strong Ghibelline position of Pisa brought this town diametrically against the Pope, who was in a strong dispute with the Empire. And indeed the pope tried to deprive the town of its dominions in northern Sardinia.
In 1238 Pope Gregory IX formed an alliance between Genoa and Venice against the empire, and consequently against Pisa too. One year later he excommunicated Frederick II and called for an anti-Empire council to be held in Rome in 1241. On 3 May 1241, a combined fleet of Pisan and Sicilian ships, led by the Emperor's son Enzo, attacked a Genoese convoy carrying prelates from Northern Italy and France, next to the Isola del Giglio, in front of Tuscany: the Genoese lost 25 ships, while about thousand sailors, two cardinals and one bishop were taken prisoner. After this outstanding victory the council in Rome failed, but Pisa was excommunicated. This extreme measure was only removed in 1257. Anyway, the Tuscan city tried to take advantage of the favourable situation to conquer the Corsican city of Aleria and even lay siege to Genoa itself in 1243.
The Ligurian republic of Genoa, however, recovered fast from this blow and won back Lerici, conquered by the Pisans some years earlier, in 1256.
The great expansion in the Mediterranean and the prominence of the merchant class urged a modification in the city's institutes. The system with consuls was abandoned and in 1230 the new city rulers named a Capitano del Popolo ("People's Chieftain") as civil and military leader. In spite of these reforms, the conquered lands and the city itself were harassed by the rivalry between the two families of Della Gherardesca and Visconti. In 1237 the archbishop and the Emperor Frederick II intervened to reconcile the two rivals, but the strains did not cease. In 1254 the people rebelled and imposed twelve Anziani del Popolo ("People's Elders") as their political representatives in the Commune. They also supplemented the legislative councils, formed of noblemen, with new People's Councils, composed by the main guilds and by the chiefs of the People's Companies. These had the power to ratify the laws of the Major General Council and the Senate.
Decline[link]
The decline began on 6 August 1284, when the numerically superior fleet of Pisa, under the command of Albertino Morosini, was defeated by the brilliant tactics of the Genoese fleet, under the command of Benedetto Zaccaria and Oberto Doria, in the dramatic naval Battle of Meloria. This defeat ended the maritime power of Pisa and the town never fully recovered: in 1290 the Genoese destroyed forever the Porto Pisano (Pisa's Port), and covered the land with salt. The region around Pisa did not permit the city to recover from the loss of thousands of sailors from the Meloria, while Liguria guaranteed enough sailors to Genoa. Goods continued to be traded, albeit in reduced quantity, but the end came when the River Arno started to change course, preventing the galleys from reaching the city's port up the river. It seems also that nearby area became infested with malaria. Within 1324 also Sardinia was entirely lost in favour of the Aragonese.
Always Ghibelline, Pisa tried to build up its power in the course of the 14th century and even managed to defeat Florence in the Battle of Montecatini (1315), under the command of Uguccione della Faggiuola. Eventually, however, divided by internal struggles and weakened by the loss of its mercantile strength, Pisa was conquered by Florence in 1406. In 1409 Pisa was the seat of a council trying to set the question of the Great Schism. Furthermore in the 15th century, access to the sea became more and more difficult, as the port was silting up and was cut off from the sea. When in 1494 Charles VIII of France invaded the Italian states to claim the Kingdom of Naples, Pisa grabbed the opportunity to reclaim its independence as the Second Pisan Republic.
But the new freedom did not last long. After fifteen years of battles and sieges, Pisa was reconquered in 1509 by the Florentine troops led by Antonio da Filicaja, Averardo Salviati and Niccolò Capponi. Its role of major port of Tuscany went to Livorno. Pisa acquired a mainly, though secondary, cultural role spurred by the presence of the University of Pisa, created in 1343. Its decline is clearly shown by its population, which has remained almost constant since the Middle Ages.
Pisa was the birthplace of the important early physicist Galileo Galilei. It is still the seat of an archbishopric; it has become a light industrial centre and a railway hub. It suffered repeated destruction during World War II.
Since the Early 1950's the US Army has maintained Camp Darby just outside Pisa which is used by many US military personnel as a base for vacations in the area.[2], [3]
Geography[link]
Climate[link]
Pisa experiences a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) characteristic of Central and Southern Italy.
| Climate data for Pisa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
9.1 (48.3) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 74 (2.9) |
69 (2.7) |
76 (3.0) |
79 (3.1) |
61 (2.4) |
43 (1.7) |
23 (.9) |
56 (2.2) |
89 (3.5) |
119 (4.7) |
122 (4.8) |
86 (3.4) |
897 (35.3) |
| Source: Intellicast[4] | |||||||||||||
Main sights[link]
While the Leaning Tower is the most famous image of the city, it is one of many works of art and architecture in the city's Piazza del Duomo, also known, since 20th century, as Piazza dei Miracoli (Square of Miracles), to the north of the old town center. The Piazza del Duomo also houses the Duomo (the Cathedral), the Baptistry and the Camposanto Monumentale (the monumental cemetery).
Other interesting sights include:
- Knights' Square (Piazza dei Cavalieri), where the Palazzo della Carovana, with its impressive façade designed by Giorgio Vasari may be seen.
- In the same place is the church of Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri, also by Vasari. It had originally a single nave; two more were added in the 17th century. It houses a bust by Donatello, and paintings by Vasari, Jacopo Ligozzi, Alessandro Fei, and Jacopo Chimenti da Empoli. It also contains spoils from the many naval battles between the Cavalieri (Knights of St. Stephan) and the Turks between the 16–18th century, including the Turkish battle pennant hoisted from Ali Pacha's flagship at the 1571 Battle of Lepanto.
- Also close to the square is the small church of St. Sixtus. It was formally consecrated in 1133, but previously used as a seat of the most important notarial deeds of the town, also hosting the Council of Elders. It is today one of the best preserved early Romanesque buildings in town.
- The church of St. Francis, designed by Giovanni di Simone, built after 1276. In 1343 new chapels were added and the church was elevated. It has a single nave and a notable belfry, as well as a 15th‑century cloister. It houses works by Jacopo da Empoli, Taddeo Gaddi and Santi di Tito. In the Gherardesca Chapel are buried Ugolino della Gherardesca and his sons.
- Church of San Frediano, built by 1061, has a basilica interior with three aisles, with a crucifix from the 12th century. 16th century paintings were added during a restoration, including works by Ventura Salimbeni, Domenico Passignano, Aurelio Lomi, and Rutilio Manetti.
- Church of San Nicola, built by 1097, was enlarged between 1297 and 1313 by the Augustinians, perhaps by the design of Giovanni Pisano. The octagonal belfry is from the second half of the 13th century. The paintings include the Madonna with Child by Francesco Traini (14th century) and St. Nicholas Saving Pisa from the Plague (15th century). Noteworthy are also the wood sculptures by Giovanni and Nino Pisano, and the Annunciation by Francesco di Valdambrino.
- The small church of Santa Maria della Spina, attributed to Lupo di Francesco (1230), is another excellent Gothic building.
- The church of San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno, founded around 952 and enlarged in the mid-12th century along lines similar to those of the Cathedral. It is annexed to the Romanesque Chapel of St. Agatha, with an unusual pyramidal cusp or peak.
- The Borgo Stretto, a neighborhood where one can stroll beneath medieval arcades and the Lungarno, the avenues along the river Arno. It includes the Gothic-Romanesque church of San Michele in Borgo (990). Remarkably, there are at least two other leaning towers in the city, one at the southern end of central Via Santa Maria, the other halfway through the Piagge riverside promenade.
- The Medici Palace, once a possession of the Appiano family, who ruled Pisa in 1392–1398. In 1400 the Medici acquired it, and Lorenzo de' Medici sojourned here.
- The Orto botanico di Pisa is Europe's oldest university botanical garden.
- The Palazzo Reale ("Royal Palace"), once of the Caetani patrician family. Here Galileo Galilei showed to Grand Duke of Tuscany the planets he had discovered with his telescope. The edifice was erected in 1559 by Baccio Bandinelli for Cosimo I de Medici, and was later enlarged including other palaces.
- Palazzo Gambacorti, a Gothic building of the 14th century, is now the town hall. The interior shows frescoes boasting Pisa's sea victories.
- Palazzo Agostini, a Gothic building also known as Palazzo dell'Ussero, with its 15th century façade and remains of the ancient city walls dating back to before 1155. The name of the building comes from the coffee rooms of Caffè dell’Ussero, historic meeting place founded on 1 September 1775.
- The mural Tuttomondo, the last public work of Keith Haring, on the rear wall of the convent of the Church of Sant'Antonio, painted in June 1989.
Pisa boasts several museums:
- Museo dell'Opera del Duomo: exhibiting among others the original sculptures of Nicola Pisano and Giovanni Pisano and the treasures of the cathedral.
- Museo delle Sinopie: showing the sinopias from the camposanto, the monumental cemetery. These are red ocher underdrawings for frescoes, made with reddish, greenish or brownish earth colour with water.
- Museo Nazionale di S. Matteo: exhibiting sculptures and painting from 12th century–15th century, among them the masterworks of Giovanni and Andrea Pisano, the Master of San Martino, Simone Martini, Nino Pisano and Masaccio.
- Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Reale: exhibiting the belongings of the families that lived in the palace: paintings, statues, armors, etc.
- Museo Nazionale degli Strumenti per il Calcolo: exhibiting a collection of instruments used in science, between whose a pneumatic machine of Van Musschenbroek and a compass probably belonged to Galileo Galilei.
- Museo di storia naturale e del territorio dell'Università di Pisa, located in the Certosa di Calci, outside the city. It houses one of the largest cetacean skeletons collection in Europe.
Pisa hosts the University of Pisa, especially renowned in the fields of Physics, Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and the Scuola Normale Superiore, the Italian academic élite institutions, mostly for research and the education of graduate students.
Construction of a new leaning tower of glass and steel 57 meters tall, containing offices and apartments was scheduled to start in summer 2004 and take 4 years. It was designed by Dante Oscar Benini and raised criticism.
Educational Institutions[link]
- The Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa i.e. Scuola Normale or Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, was founded in 1810, by Napoleonic decree, as a branch of the École Normale Supérieure of Paris. Recognized as a "national university" in 1862, one year after Italian unification, and named during that period as "Normal School of the Kingdom of Italy". (Superior Graduate Schools in Italy i.e. Scuola Superiore Universitaria)
Located at: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 - 56126 Pisa (Italia)
- The Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies of Pisa or Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna is a special-statute public university located in Pisa, Italy, emerging from Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and operating in the field of applied sciences, (Superior Graduate Schools in Italy i.e. Scuola Superiore Universitaria)
Located at: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà, 33 - 56127 - Pisa (Italia)
- The University of Pisa or Università di Pisa, is one of the oldest universities in Italy. It was formally founded on September 3, 1343 by an edict of Pope Clement VI, although there had been lectures on law in Pisa since the 11th century. The University has Europe's oldest academic botanical garden i.e. Orto botanico di Pisa, founded 1544.
Located at: Università di Pisa - Lungarno Pacinotti, 43 - 56126 Pisa (Italia)
Churches[link]
- Baptistry
- San Francesco
- San Frediano
- San Michele in Borgo
- San Nicola
- San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno
- San Paolo all'Orto
- San Pietro a Grado
- San Pietro in Vinculis
- San Sisto
- San Zeno
- Santa Caterina
- Santa Cristina
- Santa Maria della Spina
- Santo Sepolcro
Palaces, towers and villas[link]
- Palazzo del Collegio Puteano
- Palazzo della Carovana
- Palazzo delle Vedove
- Torre dei Gualandi
- Villa di Corliano
Notable people associated with Pisa[link]
For people born in Pisa, see People from the Province of Pisa; among notable non-natives long resident in the city:
- Gaetano Bardini, tenor
- Sergio Bertoni, Italian footballer
- Andrea Bocelli, tenor
- Andrea Buscemi, actor
- Giancarlo Ceccarini, baritone
- Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer
- Enrico Fermi and Carlo Rubbia, physicists & Nobel prize winners
- Galileo Galilei, physicist
- Antonio Pacinotti, physicist, inventor of the dynamo
- Andrea Pisano, sculptor
- Bruno Pontecorvo, physicist
- Leonardo Fibonacci, mathematician
- Giosuè Carducci, poet & Nobel prize winner
- Antonio Tabucchi, writer
- Orazio Gentileschi, painter
- Leo Ortolani, comic writer
- Afro Poli, baritone
- Gillo Pontecorvo, filmmaker
- Marcello Rossi, baritone
- Titta Ruffo, baritone
- Jason Acuña, appears in Jackass
- Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and Giovanni Gronchi, politicians, former Presidents of the Republic of Italy
- Giuliano Amato, politician, former Premier and Minister of Interior Affairs
- Giovanni Gentile, philosopher & politician
- Count Ugolino della Gherardesca, noble (see also Dante Alighieri)
- Rustichello da Pisa, writer
Transport[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121001231907/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Airport[link]
Pisa is home to the Galileo Galilei Airport. The centre can be reached in 10 minutes by city bus — the bus line L.A.M. Rossa (Linea ad Alta Mobilità) connects the airport, the central railway station and Piazza dei Miracoli. Otherwise the centre can be reached in 5 minutes by train from Pisa Airport's railway station.
Buses[link]
Local bus service in Pisa is managed by Compagnia Pisana Trasporti (CPT). Intercity buses depart from the main bus station in Piazza Sant'Antonio. There are also several privately run bus services going from the airport to Florence, Siena and other cities in Tuscany.
Trains[link]
The city is served by three railway stations: Pisa Centrale, Pisa Aeroporto and Pisa San Rossore.
Pisa Centrale is the main railway station and is located along the Tyrrhenic railway line. It connects Pisa directly with several other important Italian cities such as Rome, Genoa, Turin, Naples, Livorno, Grosseto and Florence.
Pisa Aeroporto connects the airport to the central railway station, as well as Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station in the city of Florence. It is located next to the Galileo Galilei International Airport.
Pisa San Rossore links the city with Lucca (25 minutes from Pisa) and Pistoia and is also reachable from Pisa Centrale. It is a minor railway station located near the Leaning Tower zone.
Cars[link]
Pisa has two exits on the A11 Genoa-Livorno road, Pisa Nord and Pisa Centro-aeroporto.
Pisa Centro leads visitors to the city centre.
Sports[link]
|
This section requires expansion. |
Football is the main sport in Pisa; the local team, A.C. Pisa, currently[5] plays in the Italian Lega Pro Prima Divisione (formerly Serie C1), and has had a top flight history throughout the 1980s and the 1990s, featuring several world class players such as Diego Simeone, Christian Vieri and Dunga during this time.
Shooting was one of the first sports to have their own association in Pisa. The Società del Tiro a Segno di Pisa was founded on July 9, 1862. In 1885, they acquired their own training field. The shooting range was almost completely destroyed during World War II.
Cultural events[link]
- Capodanno pisano (25 March)
- Gioco del Ponte (folklore)
- Luminara di San Ranieri (16 June)
- Regate delle Antiche Repubbliche Marinare
- Premio Nazionale Letterario Pisa
- Pisa Book Festival
- Metarock
- Internet Festival
- Nessiáh (Jewish Cultural Festival, November)
International relations[link]
Twin towns — Sister cities[link]
References[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Renouard, Yves (1969). Les Villes d'Italie de la fin du Xe siècle au début du XIVe siècle.
Notes[link]
- ^ [1], Dizionario italiano d'ortografia e di pronunzia
- ^ http://www.wiesbaden.army.mil/hunion/Travel/CampDarby.htm
- ^ http://www.usag.livorno.army.mil/OutAbout.asp
- ^ "Pisa historic weather averages". Intellicast. http://www.intellicast.com/Local/History.aspx?location=ITXX0059. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ as of June 2011
- ^ a b c d e f "Pisa - Official Sister Cities". © Comune di Pisa, Via degli Uffizi, 1 - 56100 Pisa centralino: +39 050 910111. http://www.comune.pisa.it/english/doc/gemhome.htm. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District". © 2009 Twins2010.com. http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd. Retrieved 28 October 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "San Rossore Officially Sister City To Ocala". Thoroughbred Times. http://www.thoroughbredtimes.com/international-news/2004/April/20/San-Rossore-officially-sister-city-to-Ocala.aspx. Retrieved 2007-07-16. ""This event is just the beginning of a nice relationship between the city of Ocala and the city of Pisa and San Rossore," Fontanelli said in Italian during the ceremony."
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pisa |
- Portale di Pisa e provincia
- Official site of the Pisa Tourist Board
- Pisa travel guide from Wikitravel
- Official site of the Municipality of Pisa, including webcams
- Moving Postcards of Pisa
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
