http://www.TrustedCoins.com Justinian II Ιουστινιανός Β' Emperor of the Byzantine Empire Justinian, on the reverse of this coin struck during his second reign, is holding a patriarchal globe with PAX, "peace" Reign 685–695 705 – December 711 Born c.668 Birthplace Constantinople Died 11 December, 711 (aged 42) Place of death Damatrys, Opsikion Predecessor Constantine IV Tiberius III Successor Leontios Philippikos Consort to Eudokia Theodora of Khazaria Issue Anastasia Tiberios Dynasty Heraclian Father Constantine IV Mother Anastasia Heraclian dynasty Chronology Heraclius 610–641 with Constantine III as co-emperor, 613–641 Constantine III 641 with Heraklonas as co-emperor Heraklonas 641 Constans II 641–668 with Constantine IV (654–668), Heracliusand Tiberius (659–668) as co-emperors Constantine IV 668–685 with Heraclius and Tiberius (668–681), andJustinian II (681–685) as co-emperors Justinian II 685–695, 705–711 with Tiberius as co-emperor, 706–711 Succession Preceded by Phocas Followed by Twenty Years' Anarchy Twenty Years' Anarchy Chronology Leontios 695–698 Tiberios III 698–705 Justinian II 705–711 with Tiberius as co-emperor, 706–711 Philippikos Bardanes 711–713 Anastasios II 713–715 Theodosios III 715–717 Succession Preceded by Heraclian dynasty Followed by Isaurian dynasty Justinian II (Greek: Ιουστινιανός Β΄, Ioustinianos II, Latin: Justinianus II) (669 – 11 December 711), surnamed the Rhinotmetos or Rhinotmetus (ὁ Ῥινότμητος, "the slit-nosed"), was the last Byzantine Emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Empire to its former glories, but he responded poorly to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father,Constantine IV. Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, and it resulted in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising, and he only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgar and Slav army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and it too saw his eventual overthrow in 711, abandoned by his army who turned on him before killing him. First reign Justinian II was the eldest son of Emperor Constantine IV and Anastasia. His father raised him to the throne as joint emperor in 681 on the fall of his uncles Heraclius and Tiberius. In 685, at the age of sixteen, Justinian II succeeded his father as sole emperor. Due to Constantine IV's victories, the situation in the Eastern provinces of the Empire was stable when Justinian ascended the throne. After a preliminary strike against the Arabs in Armenia, Justinian managed to augment the sum paid by theUmayyad Caliphs as an annual tribute, and to regain control of part of Cyprus. The incomes of the provinces of Armenia and Iberia were divided among the two empires. In 687, as part of his agreements with the Caliphate, Justinian removed from their native Lebanon 12,000 Christian Maronites, who continually resisted the Arabs.[7] Additional resettlement efforts, aimed at the Mardaites and inhabitants of Cyprus allowed Justinian to reinforce naval forces depleted by earlier conflicts. Justinian took advantage of the peace in the East to regain possession of the Balkans, which were before then almost totally under the heel of Slavic tribes. In 687 Justinian transferred cavalry troops from Anatolia to Thrace. With a great military campaign in 688–689, Justinian defeated the Bulgars of Macedonia and was finally able to enter Thessalonica, the second most important Byzantine city in Europe. The subdued Slavs were resettled in Anatolia, where they were to provide a military force of 30,000 men. Emboldened by the increase of his forces in Anatolia, Justinian now renewed the war against the Arabs.[8] With the help of his new troops, Justinian won a battle against the enemy in Armenia in 693, but they were soon bribed to revolt by the Arabs. The result was that Justinian was comprehensively defeated at the Battle of Sebastopolis,[9] caused by the defection of most of his Slavic troops, while he himself was forced to flee to the Propontis. There, according to Theophanes, he took out his frustration by slaughtering as many of the Slavs in and around Opsikion as he could lay his hands on. In the meantime, aPatrician by the name of Symbatius proceeded to rebel in Armenia, and opened up the province to the Arabs, who proceeded to conquer it in 694–695.

http://www.TrustedCoins.com Justinian II Ιουστινιανός Β' Emperor of the Byzantine Empire Justinian, on the reverse of this coin struck during his second reign, is holding a patriarchal globe with PAX, "peace" Reign 685–695 705 – December 711 Born c.668 Birthplace Constantinople Died 11 December, 711 (aged 42) Place of death Damatrys, Opsikion Predecessor Constantine IV Tiberius III Successor Leontios Philippikos Consort to Eudokia Theodora of Khazaria Issue Anastasia Tiberios Dynasty Heraclian Father Constantine IV Mother Anastasia Heraclian dynasty Chronology Heraclius 610–641 with Constantine III as co-emperor, 613–641 Constantine III 641 with Heraklonas as co-emperor Heraklonas 641 Constans II 641–668 with Constantine IV (654–668), Heracliusand Tiberius (659–668) as co-emperors Constantine IV 668–685 with Heraclius and Tiberius (668–681), andJustinian II (681–685) as co-emperors Justinian II 685–695, 705–711 with Tiberius as co-emperor, 706–711 Succession Preceded by Phocas Followed by Twenty Years' Anarchy Twenty Years' Anarchy Chronology Leontios 695–698 Tiberios III 698–705 Justinian II 705–711 with Tiberius as co-emperor, 706–711 Philippikos Bardanes 711–713 Anastasios II 713–715 Theodosios III 715–717 Succession Preceded by Heraclian dynasty Followed by Isaurian dynasty Justinian II (Greek: Ιουστινιανός Β΄, Ioustinianos II, Latin: Justinianus II) (669 – 11 December 711), surnamed the Rhinotmetos or Rhinotmetus (ὁ Ῥινότμητος, "the slit-nosed"), was the last Byzantine Emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Empire to its former glories, but he responded poorly to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father,Constantine IV. Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, and it resulted in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising, and he only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgar and Slav army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and it too saw his eventual overthrow in 711, abandoned by his army who turned on him before killing him. First reign Justinian II was the eldest son of Emperor Constantine IV and Anastasia. His father raised him to the throne as joint emperor in 681 on the fall of his uncles Heraclius and Tiberius. In 685, at the age of sixteen, Justinian II succeeded his father as sole emperor. Due to Constantine IV's victories, the situation in the Eastern provinces of the Empire was stable when Justinian ascended the throne. After a preliminary strike against the Arabs in Armenia, Justinian managed to augment the sum paid by theUmayyad Caliphs as an annual tribute, and to regain control of part of Cyprus. The incomes of the provinces of Armenia and Iberia were divided among the two empires. In 687, as part of his agreements with the Caliphate, Justinian removed from their native Lebanon 12,000 Christian Maronites, who continually resisted the Arabs.[7] Additional resettlement efforts, aimed at the Mardaites and inhabitants of Cyprus allowed Justinian to reinforce naval forces depleted by earlier conflicts. Justinian took advantage of the peace in the East to regain possession of the Balkans, which were before then almost totally under the heel of Slavic tribes. In 687 Justinian transferred cavalry troops from Anatolia to Thrace. With a great military campaign in 688–689, Justinian defeated the Bulgars of Macedonia and was finally able to enter Thessalonica, the second most important Byzantine city in Europe. The subdued Slavs were resettled in Anatolia, where they were to provide a military force of 30,000 men. Emboldened by the increase of his forces in Anatolia, Justinian now renewed the war against the Arabs.[8] With the help of his new troops, Justinian won a battle against the enemy in Armenia in 693, but they were soon bribed to revolt by the Arabs. The result was that Justinian was comprehensively defeated at the Battle of Sebastopolis,[9] caused by the defection of most of his Slavic troops, while he himself was forced to flee to the Propontis. There, according to Theophanes, he took out his frustration by slaughtering as many of the Slavs in and around Opsikion as he could lay his hands on. In the meantime, aPatrician by the name of Symbatius proceeded to rebel in Armenia, and opened up the province to the Arabs, who proceeded to conquer it in 694–695.