The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com:80/Goma
Tuesday, 28 August 2012
LA GOMA - champeta africana nueva 2012 original(skorpion) ndombolo
GOMA & JUNGLE RHYTHM SECTION . One Groove
PATY CANTU - Goma De Mascar
GOMA da DIDGERIDOO x TUCKER for SONY WALKMAN
BBC News Blunder - Guy Goma
goma de borrar
Goma - Still I wake up in the morning thinking of you
Near Goma, Congo, soldiers and rebels loot a refugee camp
Guy Goma interview on GMTV
Peter Greste reports from Goma
GOMA da DIDGERIDOO . Pulse
La Goma Original

Goma

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LA GOMA - champeta africana nueva 2012 original(skorpion) ndombolo/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Nov 2011
  • Duration: 2:33
  • Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Author: champetaafricana
"champeta 2012" sigueme www.facebook.com lo mas nuevo con vacile incluido, por el original dj nervis zarraga desde venezuela, champetas nuevas 2012, champeta colombiana
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/LA GOMA - champeta africana nueva 2012 original(skorpion) ndombolo/video details
GOMA & JUNGLE RHYTHM SECTION . One Groove/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 25 Jun 2007
  • Duration: 4:18
  • Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Author: LUFTZUG
GOMA & JUNGLE RHYTHM SECTION 1st ALBUM "RHYTHM & BREATH" One Groove MV . PV gjrs.jp www.luftzug.net
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/GOMA & JUNGLE RHYTHM SECTION . One Groove/video details
PATY CANTU - Goma De Mascar/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 05 Jul 2011
  • Duration: 2:55
  • Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Author: PatyCantuVEVO
Music video by PATY CANTU performing Goma De Mascar. (P) 2011 EMI Music México, SA de CV
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/PATY CANTU - Goma De Mascar/video details
goma de borrar/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 18 Dec 2007
  • Duration: 5:37
  • Updated: 02 Aug 2012
Author: diegotecno
Fabricación de goma de borrar
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/goma de borrar/video details
Near Goma, Congo, soldiers and rebels loot a refugee camp/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 13 Jan 2008
  • Duration: 6:46
  • Updated: 15 May 2012
Author: EUXTV
www.eux.tv EUX.TV videojournalist Raymond Frenken visits the Mugunga One refugee camp near Goma, in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. November 2007.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/Near Goma, Congo, soldiers and rebels loot a refugee camp/video details
Guy Goma interview on GMTV/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 27 May 2006
  • Duration: 5:38
  • Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Author: nkitchen
Guy Goma is interviewed on UK television morning show GMTV to talk about his recent experience of being interviewed live on BBC News 24, when he was actually there for a Data Support Cleanser job interview.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/Guy Goma interview on GMTV/video details
Peter Greste reports from Goma/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 10 Jul 2012
  • Duration: 1:24
  • Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
In the eastern DRC, UN and Congolese troops are reinforcing the provincial capital Goma in case of an attack by the M23 rebels. A government official says a US-trained battalion from the north of the country is moving to the east. It will join about 7000 troops already in the area. Al Jazeera's Peter Greste reports from Goma
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/Peter Greste reports from Goma/video details
GOMA da DIDGERIDOO . Pulse/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 13 Mar 2008
  • Duration: 3:11
  • Updated: 21 Jul 2012
Author: LUFTZUG
GOMA da DIDGERIDOO ゴマ ダ ディジュリドゥ"Pulse" MV . PV from [ CYBORG ] 08.04.02 on sale (C) JUNGLE MUSIC gomaweb.net Director : Yutaka ENDO . LUFTZUG www.luftzug.net
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/GOMA da DIDGERIDOO . Pulse/video details
UN and Congolese troops shell rebels near Goma/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 12 Jul 2012
  • Duration: 2:41
  • Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
United Nations and Congolese troops have shelled rebels closing in on the city of Goma, in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. They say the M-23 rebels are fighting on behalf of the Rwandan government. The rebels have captured strategic towns in the mineral rich North Kivu province over the past few weeks. Al Jazeera's Peter Greste reports from Goma.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/UN and Congolese troops shell rebels near Goma/video details
Fulanito - Chillando Goma/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 Jan 2010
  • Duration: 2:38
  • Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Author: cuttingnycdotcom
This video is available for download on "FULANITO'S GREATEST VIDEO HITS"..itunes.apple.com Go to www.cuttingnyc.com for the complete catalogue of international sensation FULANITO. (C) Cutting Records Inc.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120829022822/http://wn.com/Fulanito - Chillando Goma/video details
"champeta 2012" sigueme www.facebook.com lo mas nuevo con vacile incluido, por el original dj nervis zarraga desde venezuela, champetas nuevas 2012, champeta colombiana
2:33
LA GOMA - cham­pe­ta africana nueva 2012 orig­i­nal(sko­r­pi­on) ndom­bo­lo
"cham­pe­ta 2012" sigueme www.​facebook.​com lo mas nuevo con vac­ile in­clu­i­do, por e...
pub­lished: 16 Nov 2011
4:18
GOMA & JUN­GLE RHYTHM SEC­TION . One Groove
GOMA & JUN­GLE RHYTHM SEC­TION 1st ALBUM "RHYTHM & BREATH" One Groove MV ....
pub­lished: 25 Jun 2007
Au­thor: LUFTZUG
2:55
PATY CANTU - Goma De Mas­car
Music video by PATY CANTU per­form­ing Goma De Mas­car. (P) 2011 EMI Music México, SA ...
pub­lished: 05 Jul 2011
2:06
GOMA da DIDGERI­DOO x TUCK­ER for SONY WALK­MAN
SONY WALK­MAN CM...
pub­lished: 03 Apr 2008
Au­thor: el­gunuj
1:42
BBC News Blun­der - Guy Goma
...
pub­lished: 14 May 2006
Au­thor: CD­Pike
5:37
goma de bor­rar
Fab­ri­cación de goma de bor­rar...
pub­lished: 18 Dec 2007
Au­thor: diegotec­no
3:39
Goma - Still I wake up in the morn­ing think­ing of you
Goma - Still I wake up in the morn­ing think­ing of you...
pub­lished: 07 Dec 2007
6:46
Near Goma, Congo, sol­diers and rebels loot a refugee camp
www.​eux.​tv EUX.​TV video­jour­nal­ist Ray­mond Frenken vis­its the Mu­gun­ga One refugee camp near...
pub­lished: 13 Jan 2008
Au­thor: EUXTV
5:38
Guy Goma in­ter­view on GMTV
Guy Goma is in­ter­viewed on UK tele­vi­sion morn­ing show GMTV to talk about his re­cent ex­peri...
pub­lished: 27 May 2006
Au­thor: nkitchen
1:24
Peter Greste re­ports from Goma
In the east­ern DRC, UN and Con­golese troops are re­in­forc­ing the provin­cial cap­i­tal Goma in...
pub­lished: 10 Jul 2012
3:11
GOMA da DIDGERI­DOO . Pulse
GOMA da DIDGERI­DOO ゴマ ダ ディジュリ|...
pub­lished: 13 Mar 2008
Au­thor: LUFTZUG
3:33
La Goma Orig­i­nal
cham­pe­ta...
pub­lished: 08 Feb 2012
2:41
UN and Con­golese troops shell rebels near Goma
Unit­ed Na­tions and Con­golese troops have shelled rebels clos­ing in on the city of Goma, in...
pub­lished: 12 Jul 2012
2:38
Fu­lan­i­to - Chil­lan­do Goma
This video is avail­able for down­load on "FU­LAN­I­TO'S GREAT­EST VIDEO HITS"..​it...
pub­lished: 23 Jan 2010
Youtube results:
3:17
El Hom­bre De Goma
ads...
pub­lished: 06 May 2007
Au­thor: j0o0rg3e3
3:19
Ikole - Olivi­er N'Goma
The music of Africa; the music of Gabon, The best of Zouk and Souk­ous brought to you by AM...
pub­lished: 21 Jun 2009
11:04
Tu­to­ri­al: Mari­posas de goma eva (foami, fomi).
Como hacer mari­posas en Goma eva, muy fácil. Face­book: www.​facebook.​com Twiteer: tw...
pub­lished: 18 Jun 2012
1:11
Goma VS Grass
This is Goma try­ing to eat a grass... he try so hard will he get it?? Come see more pic an...
pub­lished: 25 Apr 2010
Au­thor: sachie­dayo




  • Food rations are being unloaded from trucks in Kanyaruchinya IDP camp. Under Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, Valerie Amos visits IDP camp of Kanyaruchinya in the outskirts of Goma where thousands of residents of the Rutshuru province gathered after fleeing combats between FARDC and M-23 rebels, the 8th of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • Under Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, Valerie Amos visits IDP camp of Kanyaruchinya in the outskirts of Goma where thousands of residents of the Rutshuru province gathered after fleeing combats between FARDC and M-23 rebels, the 8th of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • Under Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, Valerie Amos visits IDP camp of Kanyaruchinya in the outskirts of Goma where thousands of residents of the Rutshuru province gathered after fleeing combats between FARDC and M-23 rebels, the 8th of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • A young displaced boy wait at water point in Kanyaruchinya IDP camp. Under Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, Valerie Amos visits IDP camp of Kanyaruchinya in the outskirts of Goma where thousands of residents of the Rutshuru province gathered after fleeing combats between FARDC and M-23 rebels, the 8th of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • People from the Kibumba - Rutchuru axe who fled the combats between FARDC and advancing M23 rebels, set camp in Kanyaruchinya 4km north of Goma, the 1st of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • A child sits in makeshift tent in Kanyaruchinya camp. People from the Kibumba - Rutchuru axe who fled the combats between FARDC and advancing M23 rebels, set camp in Kanyaruchinya 4km north of Goma, the 1st of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • A family stands near their tent after seeking refuge in Kanyaruchinya camp. People from the Kibumba - Rutchuru axe who fled the combats between FARDC and advancing M23 rebels, set camp in Kanyaruchinya 4km north of Goma, the 1st of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • A young displaced girl is looking after live stock in Kanyaruchinya camp. People from the Kibumba - Rutchuru axe who fled the combats between FARDC and advancing M23 rebels, set camp in Kanyaruchinya 4km north of Goma, the 1st of August 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • Population flee their homes towards Goma as fighting continues between FARDC and M23 rebels in the Rutshuru territory east of DRC the 27th of July 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti News fightings have erupted between FARDC and M-23 rebels in the Rutshuru territory during which several major towns fell under control of the mutineers, bringing them even closer from the capital of North Kivu Goma.
    MONUSCO / Sylvain Liechti
  • Defence lines of Kibati, where MONUSCO peacekeepers are positioned to prevent M-23 Rebels incursion towards Goma, the 27th of July 2012. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti News fightings have erupted between FARDC and M-23 rebels in the Rutshuru territory during which several major towns fell under control of the mutineers, bringing them even closer from the capital of North Kivu Goma.
    MONUSCO / Sylvain Liechti
  • MONUSCO staff clean a section of Goma General Hospital to commemorate Nelson Mandela on the 18th of July 2012. The 18th of July has been recognized as Nelson Mandela day by the United Nations. © MONUSCO/Sylvain Liechti
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • Uruguayan troops of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) patrol the streets of Goma in armored vehicles to protect residents of the city, which is under threat from the rebel group known as M23, the 13th of July 2012.
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • Uruguayan troops of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) patrol the streets of Goma in armored vehicles to protect residents of the city, which is under threat from the rebel group known as M23, 13 July, 2012.
    UN / Sylvain Liechti
  • Poster in Goma, eastern DRC, warning of the penalties for rape
    IRIN / Roberto de Vido
  • Goma prison. Of the 1,000 or so inmates crammed into the facility designed to house 150, some 300 have been accused, or convicted of rape
    IRIN / Lisa Clifford
  • Paying the price: Rape convicts in Goma central priso
    IRIN / Lisa Clifford
  • A displaced people's camp near Goma with Mt Nyiragongo in the background.
    Creative Commons
  • **FILE** Indian United Nations soldiers drive past people fleeing fighting, near Kibumba some 40 kilometers north of Goma, Congo in this Oct. 26, 2008 file photo. The failure to protect civilians from attacks by the Lord's Resistance Army is the latest indication of the collapse of the U.N. peacekeeping mission in this sprawling Central African nation, according to AP interviews with more than 30 people in five eastern Congo locations in February 2009.(
    AP / Karel Prinsloo
  • A displaced woman walk past Congolese goverment soldiers on the front line, Wednesday, Nov. 12, 2008 near Kibati just north of Goma in eastern Congo.
    AP / Karel Prinsloo
  • Inside the main terminal of Kigali International Airport. 1 June 2004 - An Antonov 32 owned by Sun Air (9XR-SN), reportedly suffered some problems with the left main undercarriage after takeoff from Beni (Congo Democratic Republic). The airplane was headed for Goma, Congo, but diverted to Kigali for an emergency landing.
    Creative Commons / SteveRwanda
  • Creative Commons / Julien Harneis
  • Lake Kivu connects Goma and Bukavu; the capitals of North and South Kivu Provinces (file photo): In Goma, security incidents against humanitarian workers are on the rise
    IRIN / Laudes Martial Mbon
  • US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, jokes with patients and staff of the Heal Africa clinic in Goma, Congo Tuesday Aug. 11, 2009.
    AP / Roberto Schmidt
  • Savory goma dofu dumplings. Unlike other tofu, goma dofu is made with sesame paste and
    Creative Commons / Flickr upload bot
  • UN SECURITY COUNCIL VISIT NORTH KIVU, DRC DURING AFRICA TOUR. Seen here: UNSC visit Heal Africa Hospital in Goma, North Kivu.
    UN / Marie Frechon
  • A delegation of United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) female staff visited a women's shelter for victims of sexual abuse in Goma and donated much needed supplies.
    UN / Marie Frechon
  • MAY 4 , 2009 - RICHARD
    WN / Renzelle Mae Abasolo
  • Children living in the Mugunga II camp of the Internally Displaced Persons in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
    UN file / Marie Frechon
  • Nyanzale, in the Masisi, Congo is about 150 km north and 6 hours drive from Goma. A small town which population has more than doubled with the arrival of 20,000 displaced people. They fled in January 2007 out of fear of fighting between the rebels of the Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda and Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo dominated by Laurent N'Kunda's soldiers. They are also avoiding armed bandits that live in the bush. Armed banditry is a problem, unemploy
    Creative Commons / Tasja
  • People angry over the United Nations failure to protect them stone peacekeepers in an armored personnel carrier as they pass through the village of Kibati some 12 kilometers north of Goma, Congo in this Oct. 28, 2008, file photo.
    AP / Karel Prinsloo


Photo: AP / Musadeq Sadeq
Seventeen civilians beheaded in Afghanistan's Helmand
Joy Online
27 Aug 2012
Seventeen civilians have been beheaded in Afghanistan, local officials say, with 10 Afghan soldiers killed in a separate incident. The civilians died in Musa Qala district, in the southern province of...



Photo: US DoD
US Navy (USN) aircrew assigned to Naval Air Station Pensacola (NASP) Helicopter Support Unit (HSU), Florida (FL), survey damage from Hurricane Katrina en route to Stennis Space Center (SSC), Mississippi (MS), from NASP to provide support and relief to vic
WorldNews.com
28 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling After just having spent tens of millions of dollars on transportation and a number of armed security guards, President Bill Clinton lands in Guatemala...



Photo: AP / Shaam News Network, SNN
This citizen journalism image provided by Shaam News Network SNN, taken on Sunday, Aug. 26, 2012, purports to show people killed by shabiha, pro-government militiamen, being prepared for burial in a mass grave in Daraya, Syria.
Indian Express
27 Aug 2012
Syrian opposition activists accused President Bashar al-Assad's army of massacring hundreds of people in a town close to the capital that government forces recaptured from rebels. About 320 bodies,...



Photo: AP / Sang Tan
British police officers arrest a man as rioters gathered in Croydon, south London, Monday, Aug. 8, 2011.
WorldNews.com
27 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Death is always an extreme event. It becomes even more severe and excessive for dying empires, their most vulnerable citizens, and their local power...



Photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
Obama: Take Hurricane Isaac seriously, don't 'tempt fate'
Newsday
28 Aug 2012





Photo: UN / Sylvain Liechti
Rebels: DRC army recruits child soldiers
Independent online (SA)
24 Aug 2012
Kinshasa - The M23 rebel movement which is fighting the regular army in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo accused the army Friday of forcibly recruiting civilians, notably children....



Photo: UN / Albert González Farran
Sudanese refugees' fate in hands of the West
Irish Times
23 Aug 2012
12 Mothers and children awaiting Goal's food distribution at the Batil refugee camp in Maban County. Photographs: David AdamsA young refugee carries his brother on his back. Photographs: David Adams...



Photo: UN / Sylvain Liechti
UN humanitarian arm gives $55 million to underfunded crises in eight countries
United Nations
09 Aug 2012
Humanitarian Affairs chief Valerie Amos holds a press conference after visiting IDP camp of Kanyaruchinya on the outskirts of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo on 8 August 2012. Photo:...



All Africa [New Times]It is with a sense of optimism and bated breath that citizens...(size: 0.5Kb)
Huffington Post Charlotte Ntibatekereza, whose son, daughter-in-law and grandson were shot in the fighting in Kiwanja, on July 25 2012, stands in her house Sunday, Aug. 5, 2012, in Kiwanja, Congo. Her relatives were sleeping on the floor when a heavy-caliber bullet smashed through three walls of their home. Her son...(size: 8.9Kb)
Independent online (SA) GOMA, DR Congo - A local military commander in the Democratic Republic of Congo said on Monday he was ready for an expected assault on the eastern city of Goma by insurgents. “We have three regiments, or around 3,000 men on site, we put in place artillery posts, mortars, tanks, two...(size: 1.9Kb)
Yahoo Daily News A local military commander in the Democratic Republic of Congo said on Monday he was ready for an expected assault on the eastern city of Goma by insurgents. "We have three regiments, or around 3,000 men on site, we put in place artillery posts,...(size: 1.6Kb)
BBC News Fighting has continued for a third day between rebel forces and the Congolese Army. The two sides have been involved in fierce battles about 50 km...(size: 1.0Kb)
BBC News Rebel troops are under pressure in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, following an offensive by UN-backed government forces, reports say. The two sides have been involved in fierce fighting about 50 km (31 miles) north of the provincial capital, Goma. The latest unrest...(size: 1.8Kb)
BBC News Rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo are moving ever closer to the city of Goma. They've already taken over several towns in the...(size: 0.9Kb)
Yahoo Daily News Congolese mutineers who have been battling the army...(size: 0.3Kb)
Al Jazeera The rebels fighting the Democratic Republic of Congo government troops in the east of the country say they will capture Goma if government forces fail to protect civilians, according to a statement released by the rebel group. The announcement on Wednesday came as the rebel group, known as the...(size: 20.7Kb)
Goma
Goma City & Lakeside Lake Kivu, Congo DRC
Goma is located in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Goma
Location in the Congo
Coordinates: 1°41′S 29°14′E / 1.683°S 29.233°E / -1.683; 29.233
Country Democratic Republic of the Congo
Province Nord-Kivu
Government
 • Mayor Polydor Windi Kwawmrwha
Area
 • Total 75.72 km2 (29.24 sq mi)
Population (2010)
 • Total 377,112
 • Density 5,000/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
Time zone DRC2 (UTC+2)
National language Swahili

Goma is a city in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is located on the northern shore of Lake Kivu, next to the Rwandan city of Gisenyi. The lake and the two cities are in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift system. Goma lies only 13 to 18 km due south of the crater of the active Nyiragongo Volcano. The recent history of Goma has been dominated by the volcano and the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, which in turn fuelled the First and Second Congo Wars. The aftermath of these events was still having effects on the city and its surroundings in 2010.

Goma is capital of North Kivu province, ethnically and geographically similar to South Kivu (capital Bukavu); the two provinces are known as "the Kivus".

Contents

Effects of the Rwandan Genocide[link]

Goma at the centre of the refugee crisis[link]

The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 was perpetrated by the Hutu-dominated provisional Rwandan government on the Tutsi population and Hutu moderates. In response the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), formed by Tutsi refugees in Uganda, which already controlled large areas of northern Rwanda following its 1990 invasion and the ongoing Civil War, overthrew the Hutu government in Kigali and forced it to relocate to the border town of Gisenyi. As the RPF captured ground, thousands of Hutu refugees fled before it, many ending up in Gisenyi. Then, from July 13 to July 14, 1994, 10,000–12,000 refugees per hour crossed the border into Goma as the Great Lakes refugee crisis took shape. The massive influx created a severe humanitarian crisis, as there was an acute lack of shelter, food and water. Shortly after the arrival of nearly one million refugees, a deadly cholera outbreak claimed thousands of lives in the Hutu refugee camps around Goma.

Goma in the First Congo War[link]

Hutu militias and members of the Hutu provisional government were among the refugees, and they set up operations from the camps around Goma attacking ethnic Tutsis in the Kivus and Rwandan government forces at the border. For political reasons the Kinshasa government of the then Zaire led by Joseph Mobutu did not prevent the attacks, and so the Rwandan government and its Ugandan allies threw their support behind the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Zaire, a rebel movement led by Laurent Kabila against Mobutu. Rwandan forces stormed the camps at Goma, resulting in thousands of additional deaths, and with their help and that of Uganda, Kabila went on to overthrow Mobutu's regime in the First Congo War, which ended in 1997.

Goma in the Second Congo War[link]

Within a year Kabila had quarrelled with his former allies, and in 1998 the Rwandan government backed a Goma-based rebel movement against Kabila, the Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD, sometimes called RCD-Goma) made of Banyamulenge people, related to the Tutsis. They captured Bukavu and other towns, and the Second Congo War began. The Goma refugee camps, in which the Hutu had created a militia called the FDLR (Democratic Force for the Liberation of Rwanda), were again attacked by Rwandan government forces and the RCD.

The Second Congo War was unprecedented in Africa for the loss of civilian life in massacres and atrocities. By 2003 the Banyamulenge had become tired of the war and friction emerged between them and Rwanda. In 2002 and 2003 a fragile negotiated peace emerged between the many sides involved in the war.

Conflict since the end of the war[link]

There have been numerous outbreaks of violence since 2003. The Hutu FDLR remains in the forests and mountains north and west of Goma, carrying out attacks on the Rwandan border and on the Banyamulenge. The Congolese defence forces are unable or unwilling to stop them, and as a consequence Rwanda continues to support Banymulenge rebels such as the RCD and General Nkunda, and to carry out incursions into North Kivu in pursuit of the FDLR.[1]

In September 2007 large-scale fighting threatened to break out again as the 8,000-strong militia of General Nkunda, based around Rutshuru, broke away from integration with the Congolese army and began attacking them in the town of Masisi north-west of Goma. MONUC (United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo) began airlifting Congolese troops into Goma and transferring them by helicopter from Goma International Airport to Masisi.[1]

On October 27, 2008, fighting broke out in the city between the Congolese army, supported by MONUC, and Nkunda's CNDP rebels. 200,000 refugees had fled the town.[2]

Politics[link]

Goma is represented in the National Assembly by six deputies:

  • Désiré Konde (ARC)
  • Jason Luneno (UNC)
  • Butondo Muhindo (MSR)
  • Naasson Kubya (COFEDEC)
  • Elvis Mutiri (ADR)
  • Dieudonné Kambale (UDECF)

Volcanic activity around Goma[link]

The Great Rift Valley is being pulled apart, leading to earthquakes and the formation of volcanoes in the area.

2002 Eruption of Nyiragongo[link]

Computer image of Nyiragongo volcano generated from satellite photographs, showing the Goma-Gisenyi conurbation on the lake shore in the foreground. In the background, left, is the Nyamuragira volcano.

In January 2002, Nyiragongo erupted, sending a stream of lava 200 metres (219 yd) to one kilometre (1,100 yd) wide and up to two metres (6½ ft) deep through the center of the city as far as the lake shore. Agencies monitoring the volcano were able to give a warning and most of the population of Goma evacuated to Gisenyi. The lava destroyed 40% of the city (more than 4,500 houses and buildings). There were some fatalities caused by the lava and by emissions of carbon dioxide, which causes asphyxiation. The lava also covered over the northern 1 km of the 3-kilometre (10,000 ft) runway of Goma International Airport, isolating the terminal and apron which were at that end.[3] The lava can easily be seen in satellite photographs,[4] and aircraft can be seen using the 2-km (6,500-ft) southern section of the runway which is clear of lava.

In 2005, volcanic activity again threatened the city.

Currently the scientists at Goma are monitoring Nyiragongo.

The threat posed by Lake Kivu[link]

Lake Kivu is one of three lakes in Africa identified as having huge quantities of dissolved gas held at pressure in its depths. Two of the others, Lake Monoun and Lake Nyos, experienced a limnic eruption or 'lake overturn', a catastrophic release of suffocating carbon dioxide probably triggered by landslides. Lake Nyos overturn was particularly lethal, killing nearly two thousand people in the area around the lake. Kivu is 2,000 times bigger than Lake Nyos and also contains dissolved methane as an additional hazard - though concentration of carbon dioxide is much lower than in Lake Nyos.[5] Nearly two million people including the population of Goma live in the vicinity of Lake Kivu and could be in danger from a limnic eruption triggered by one of the nearby volcanoes and the earthquakes associated with them.[6]

Climate[link]

Climate data for Goma
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 26
(79)
26
(78)
26
(78)
25
(77)
25
(77)
25
(77)
26
(78)
26
(79)
26
(78)
26
(79)
25
(77)
26
(78)
25.5
(77.9)
Average low °C (°F) 14
(58)
15
(59)
12
(54)
15
(59)
14
(58)
14
(57)
13
(55)
14
(58)
14
(57)
14
(57)
14
(57)
14
(58)
14.0
(57.3)
Precipitation mm (inches) 117
(4.6)
71
(2.8)
102
(4)
155
(6.1)
142
(5.6)
51
(2)
20
(0.8)
66
(2.6)
140
(5.5)
157
(6.2)
124
(4.9)
112
(4.4)
1,257
(49.5)
Source: Weatherbase [7]

Other features of Goma[link]

  • The city centre is only 1 km (0.6 mi) from the Rwandan border and 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from the centre of Gisenyi.
  • After being closed to international travel since the 2002 eruption of the volcano, the Goma International Airport now accepts commercial charter flights and also a passenger line travels from Nairobi to Goma.
  • Goma has four or five lakeside wharves totaling about 130 m, the longest being about 80 m.
  • Virunga National Park, home to endangered mountain gorillas, lies north of the city.
  • National Road No. 2 connected Goma to Bukavu and Kisangani but at August 2007 had not been reopened after the damage caused by the wars and lack of maintenance.
  • Goma was once known for its nightlife, but this is no longer the case due to the conflict.

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b "Fear of fresh conflict in Congo as renegade general turns guns on government forces." Chris McGreal, The Guardian, Monday September 3, 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  2. ^ "U.N. says recent Congo fighting uproots 200,000". CNN. 2008-10-27. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/10/24/Congo.displaced.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch. Retrieved 2008-10-28. [dead link]
  3. ^ "Cooperative Observations at Nyiragongo Volcano in D.R. of Congo". Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  4. ^ Google Earth has high resolution photographs showing the affected part of the airport at coordinates -1.658, 29.237. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  5. ^ Halbwachs, et al. (2002-03-09). "Investigations in Lake Kivu(East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability" (pdf). Solidarities. http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-17.  mirror
  6. ^ "Killer Lakes". BBC Two, Thursday 4 April 2002. Summarised at www.bbc.co.uk.
  7. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=48146&refer=wikipedia.  Retrieved on November 24, 2011.

External links[link]


Coordinates: 1°41′S 29°14′E / 1.683°S 29.233°E / -1.683; 29.233

http://wn.com/Goma

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Goma

http://es.wn.com/Goma (ciudad)

http://ru.wn.com/Гома

http://fr.wn.com/Goma

http://de.wn.com/Goma




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goma

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Guy Goma (born 1969) is a business studies graduate from Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo who gained international fame when he was accidentally interviewed live on BBC News 24, a UK television news station, on Monday 8th May 2006.

Contents

The interview[link]

Guy Goma was waiting in the main reception area of the BBC Television Centre in west London to be interviewed for a position as a "Data Support Cleanser" in the corporation's IT department. At the same time, Guy Kewney, a British technology expert, was in another reception area, known as Stage Door, preparing for a live television interview on the subject of Apple Computer's court case with The Beatles' record label, Apple Corps. The producer who was sent to fetch Kewney, however, was told that Kewney was in the main reception area. When he got there and asked the receptionist in person where Guy Kewney was, she pointed to Goma, even after being asked if she was sure that this was the right person.

The producer had seen a photo of Kewney, but only had five minutes before the live interview was due to take place. So he approached Goma and asked him if he was Guy Kewney.[1] Hearing his first name, Goma answered in the affirmative. Goma was led to the News 24 studio. BBC staffers put on makeup, and he was ushered to the television studio, where he was seated in front of the cameras and wired up with a microphone. Although believing the situation to be highly unusual, he prepared to do his best for what he believed would be his job interview.

When introduced by interviewer Karen Bowerman as Internet expert Guy Kewney, Goma became visibly shocked as he finally realised the serious misunderstanding that had taken place. Aware of the fact that he was on live television and not wishing to make a scene now that the interview had already begun, he simply played along, doing his best (in heavily French-accented English) to answer the interviewer's questions about the Apple Corps v. Apple Computer case and its ramifications for the music industry. Apart from the facial expression at the start, the interview seemed fairly believable to many viewers, particularly those unfamiliar with Kewney. In the meantime, Kewney, still in the waiting area, was himself shocked when he saw Goma interviewed in his place (though he was not able to hear the audio).

Aftermath[link]

Twenty minutes after the television interview, Goma attended his job interview, which lasted ten minutes.[2] He was not hired.[3]

As soon as the mistake was detected the BBC recorded an interview with Kewney for later broadcast, which was never shown. The BBC instead brought in an alternative pundit, Rupert Goodwins, for the next live slot on the topic.[4]

After Goma's interview was broadcast, it was mistakenly reported (even by the BBC itself, on Radio 4's Broadcasting House) that Goma, who moved to England from Congo in 2002, was a taxi driver. In fact, he does not drive a car.[5]

Soon after his appearance, there was some speculation that Goma was in Britain illegally, having overstayed a tourist visa, and that he might be deported from the country.[6] On 25 May 2006, it was announced that celebrity publicist Kizzi Nkwocha had begun representing Goma[7] and that Goma's apparent visa problems had already been resolved three years earlier, allowing him to live and work in the UK indefinitely.[8]

Transcript of the interview[link]

Karen Bowerman: Well, Guy Kewney is editor of the technology website Newswireless. [Camera flashes to Guy, with look of confusion and horror] Hello, good morning to you.
Goma: Uh, good morning.
KB: Were you surprised by this verdict today?
Goma: I am very surprised to see...this verdict to come on me, because I was not expecting that. When I came, they told me something else and I am coming. "You got an interview," that's all. So a big surprise anyway.
KB: A big surprise, yeah, yes.
Goma: Exactly.
KB: With regards to the costs involved, do you think now more people will be downloading online?
Goma: Actually, if you can go everywhere you're gonna see a lot of people downloading to the Internet and the website, and everything they want. But I think it is much better for the development and...eh...to inform people what they want and to get the easy way and so faster if they are looking for.
KB: This does really seem to be the way the music industry's progressing now, that people want to go onto the website and download music.
Goma: Exactly. You can go everywhere on the cyber cafe, and you can take...you can go easy. It is going to be an easy way for everyone to get something to the Internet.
KB: Guy Kewney, thanks very much indeed.

Further appearances[link]

On 16 May 2006, Goma appeared on Channel 4 News and was jokingly questioned by the presenter — introducing him as a Venezuelan citizen, a lawyer and a doctor respectively — on the topics of Hugo Chávez, the release of foreign prisoners into Britain, and Britons seeking medical treatment abroad. On the same day, he also appeared again on BBC News 24, but this time in a planned interview to talk about his experience.[9]

Soon after, he made appearances on GMTV, ITV and BBC's Friday Night with Jonathan Ross.[10] He was also a featured celebrity on the televised call-in panel of the Prince's Trust 30th Birthday Celebration on 20 May 2006. On 21 May 2006, Goma was interviewed on Channel 4's T4 program about his experience.

Producer Alison Rosenzweig (Windtalkers) says she has begun developing a movie based on his life, particularly this one incident, commenting "He's a fun, kind of internationally famous person that I think is an interesting source for movie material."[11]

On 27 December 2006, Goma appeared on the Channel 4 television programme The Big Fat Quiz of the Year, as a mystery guest. After a commercial break, he took Jimmy Carr's place as host for a few seconds, welcoming the audience back to the show. Everyone on the quiz agreed that Goma was a better host than Carr, eventually leading to the audience and contestants heckling Carr and insulting his ability as a presenter, and chanting "Bring back Guy, bring back Guy!"; Carr, though feigning displeasure, took this with good humour.[12]

On 1 January 2007, Goma appeared in a segment on CNN International Your World Today.

In an episode of The IT Crowd, "Smoke and Mirrors", Moss finds himself in a situation very similar to that of Goma's; writer Graham Linehan saw the Goma story on the Internet and incorporated it into his series.[13]

References[link]

  1. ^ "BBC News 'wrong Guy' is revealed", BBC News, 16 May 2006.
  2. ^ Guy Goma, interview on GMTV, 16 May 2006
  3. ^ "'Wrong guy' loses shirt for Oxfam", BBC News, 30 May 2006.
  4. ^ "BBC talks of iPod people as my identity is stolen" by Guy Kewney, IT Week, 15 May 2006.
  5. ^ "Pundit is big bluffer" by Jerome Starkey, The Sun, 2006.
  6. ^ "BBC's instant celebrity may be deported", United Press International, 21 May 2006.
  7. ^ "SHOWBIZ BECKONS FOR BBC INTERVIEWEE". The Voice (GV). 25 May 2006. http://www.voice-online.co.uk/content.php?show=9246. 
  8. ^ "guygoma.com". http://www.guygoma.com. Retrieved 24 August 2006. 
  9. ^ "Guy Goma recalls his experience" (RealPlayer). BBC News. 16 May 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ukfs_news/hi/bb_rm_fs.stm?nbram=1&nbwm=1&bbram=1&nol_storyid=4985716&news=1&bbwm=1. 
  10. ^ "BBC's internet 'expert' returns to face the music", The Mail on Sunday, 16 May 2006.
  11. ^ "'Wrong Guy' could inspire movie". BBC News. 23 August 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5277722.stm?ls. 
  12. ^ Seen on Channel 4 rerun of Big Fat Quiz of the Year 2006, 30/12/06
  13. ^ Linehan, Graham (2 December 2008). Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe [Television production]. London: BBC Four.

External links[link]

Video[link]

Audio[link]

http://wn.com/Guy_Goma

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Гома, Гай

http://fr.wn.com/Guy Goma




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Goma

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Charly García

Charly García at the Casa Rosada, 2005
Background information
Birth name Carlos Alberto García Moreno
Also known as Charly, The King of National (Argentine) Rock, The Father of National Rock, Mr. Say No More, El Bigote Bicolor (The Bi-colored Moustache).
Born (1951-10-23) October 23, 1951 (age 60)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Genres Art rock, Experimental rock, New wave, Alternative rock, Space rock, Progressive rock
Occupations Musician, singer-songwriter, pianist
Instruments Vocals, piano, keyboards, synthesizers, guitar, bass, drums
Years active 1967s to date

Charly García (born Carlos Alberto García Moreno on October 23, 1951) is a singer-songwriter, pianist and keyboardist from Argentina with a long career in rock music, forming successful groups such as Sui Generis and Serú Girán, cult status groups like La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, and as a solo musician.[1]

Contents

Early years[link]

Charly García was the eldest son in an upper-middle class family. His father taught mathematics and physics in elementary school, while his mother produced radio music shows, mainly shows featuring folkloric music.

Charly began to show musical talent at an early age. At three, he received a toy piano as a gift, and soon he surprised his mother with his ability to compose and play coherent melodies, leading her to enlist him in a prestigious conservatory, the Thibaud Piazzini. At age twelve, he graduated as a Music Professor. Charly developed absolute pitch as a child.

The beginning: Sui Generis[link]

The Beatles appeared in Charly's life when he was thirteen. Having previously only been exposed to classical music and folk, he would describe the Beatles as "classical music from Mars". In high school he met Carlos Alberto "Nito" Mestre and the two fused their bands to give birth to Sui Generis.

Sui Generis bandmates Charly García and Nito Mestre, 1975.

The band at first experimented with psychedelic rock, but its style would quickly establish as folk-rock with some little influence from the symphonic rock of the day. At their first big gig, the band's bassist, guitarist and drummer all failed to appear. Only Charlie (García spelled his name with "ie" back then) and Nito showed up, playing piano and flute respectively. They were forced to play on their own, and were a hit with the audience despite the other musicians' absence. The band's strength lay in the songs' musical simplicity and romantic lyrics, which appealed widely to teenagers.

In 1972, Sui Generis released its first LP, Vida, which quickly became popular among Argentine teenagers. Confesiones de invierno ("Winter Confessions"), their second LP, was released in 1973. This album showcased higher production values and better studio equipment, and was very successful commercially.

1974 was a year of changes. Charlie lost interest in "the piano and flute" sound that Sui Generis had been developing, and decided that Sui Generis needed a change; the band would evolve to a more traditional rock sound, incorporating bass and drums. To that end, Rinaldo Rafanelli and Juan Rodríguez joined the band. In many live shows, Sui Generis also counted in with a gifted guitar player, David Lebón, whom Charly admired very much.

With new lining and style, the band was ready to launch its new album. Originally titled Instituciones, its name was changed to Pequeñas anécdotas de las instituciones at the producer's suggestion. The album was intended as a reflection on the unstable nature of Argentine social and political institutions at the time. Charlie's initial concept was to write a song for every traditional institution: the Roman Catholic Church, the government, the family, the judicial system, the police, the army, and so on. However, two songs, "Juan Represión", about the police, and "Botas locas", about the army, were eliminated from the album by the censors. Two more, which referred to censorship itself, had to be partially modified. While Sui Generis achieved a different, more mature sound with Instituciones, its public did not embrace it, preferring the old one. The album sold poorly.

Around this time Charlie met his future wife, María Rosa Yorio, a singer who became the mother of his first son, Miguel García.

Charly García continued composing, and during 1975, he prepared what would be Sui Generis's fourth album, Ha sido ("Has Been"), or a play on the word ácido, acid. However, growing frictions between Charly and Nito and a wearying public prevented the album's release, and the decision was made to dissolve the band. Many songs from that ill-fated album were later included in other García's LPs, such as Bubulina (1976) and Eiti Leda (1978).

End of Sui Generis; beginning of "La máquina"[link]

Finally, on September 9, 1975, Sui Generis scenified its farewell at the Luna Park Stadium, giving two shows for 20 thousand people — the largest audience in the history of Argentine rock at the time. The shows have been recalled as delirium-inducing, adrenaline-fueled delivery of great music. Two LPs recorded at the live shows were released that year, Adiós Sui Generis ("Goodbye Sui Generis") volumes I and II.

In 1976, Sui Generis also recorded a long player with Argentine musicians León Gieco, Raúl Porchetto, and María Rosa Yorio. The LP was called "Porsuigieco" (mix of Raúl PORchetto, SUI Generis, León GIECO).

After Sui Generis, certain things changed in Charly's life. From now on, he would be Charly instead of Charli.e.. Right after his son's birth, he broke up with María Rosa Yorio, who left with Nito Mestre. Charly met Marisa Pederneiras (nicknamed "Zoca"), who was from Brazil, and they became lovers.

Charly continued working on musical projects. He now wanted to form a symphonic rock band. With Gustavo Bazterrica (guitar), Carlos Cutaia (keyboards), José Luis Fernández (bass guitar and cello), Oscar Moro (drums) and Charly García (keyboards and voice), "La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros" ("The bird-making machine") was born. Clarín, the most widely-read newspaper in Argentina, carried a comic strip called "El Sr. García y la máquina de hacer pájaros" ("Mr. García and the bird making machine") by Crist. Liking the name, Charly chose it for the band — not for egotistical motives, as it may seem.

La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros recorded two albums: La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros (1976) and Películas ("Movies", 1977). Some of the songs on "Movies" contained a political message directed against the military government of those years, during which Jorge Rafael Videla was the president of Argentina. At that time, repression, disappearances and censorship reached new heights. Perhaps as a result of the ambitious and complicated nature of its musical project, the band did not achieve popularity.

Finally, in that year, the band said goodbye during the "Festival del amor" ("Festival of Love"), which was recorded, and released three years later on the LP Música del alma ("Music of the soul"). After the concert, Charly went to a hotel with Zoca. There they made a decision to escape to São Paulo, Brazil.

Genesis of a new sound: Serú Girán[link]

In São Paulo, Charly met Zoca's parents. The Pederneiras being a family of artists, they were fascinated with Charly. Artistically speaking, García was influenced by certain Brazilian artists, notably Milton Nascimento. Despite Sui Generis' commercial successes, Charly was destitute. In 1978, he lived a nature-centered lifestyle with Zoca in Brazil, fishing and gathering fruit. Soon David Lebón, an Argentine musician and a friend of Sui Generis, joined them. Having a new musical partner, Charly again played, and the seed of a new musical project was planted. Charly was now determined to form a new band, but he was still broke. Making his way back to Buenos Aires, he began a new search for bandmates.

Charly needed a bass player and a drummer, and he found both when he saw a band called Pastoral play. There he recruited a talented 19-year-old bass player, Pedro Aznar, as well his old partner from La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, drummer Oscar Moro. The new band comprised Charly García on keyboards, guitar and voice, David Lebón on guitar, percussion and voice, Pedro Aznar on bass, keyboards and voice, and Oscar Moro on drums. Charly and David were the main songwriters.

Charly now had a complete band, but still lacked money. At this point Charly signed a contract with a production group, although the terms of this deal were not advantageous to Charly. He did raise enough money to return to São Paulo with his new bandmates and record their first album. The band chose the name Serú Girán. "Serú Girán" was a combination of meaningless words Charly had invented as part of an eponymous nonsense song he wrote in São Paulo. The other band members liked the name so much that they also called their first album Serú Girán, featuring the song "Serú Girán".

The band returned to Buenos Aires with great expectations for García's new project. Their first show, in the traditional Arena Obras Sanitarias, was again advertised as "Charly García... and Serú Girán", due to contractual reasons. Thereafter, however, the name "Charly García" would no longer appear in the advertising — the band would simply go by Serú Girán. That first show was poorly received, the public having expected a new incarnation of Sui Generis. Serú Girán was completely different. The band had a new sound in which Aznar's fretless bass guitar was a key component, and a striking aesthetic with lyrics full of poetry. Puzzled audiences requested Sui Generis' old songs. In 1978, disco music was fashionable in Argentina. As a joke, Serú Girán played a song called Disco Shock, angering the public, whose rejection marred the show.

The following day, the "specialized" press called Serú Girán the worst band in Argentina and charged that David Lebón's vocals on their songs sounded "homosexual". The band's relationship with the media was not cordial. One number of a popular Argentine magazine called Gente carried a disparaging article titled "Charly García: ¿Ídolo o qué?" ("Idol or what?"). Despite the chilly reception, Serú Girán's members were convinced they had a good project and persisted, organizing more shows. They eventually garnered some acceptance from an audience that warmed up to their style.

Serú Girán carried on during 1979 and evolved markedly. Their new LP was titled La grasa de las capitales ("Grease", or "Fat", "of the Capitals") and its cover was a joke directed at the magazine Gente. The stronger and more direct nature of the lyrics, which criticized the media, including specifically magazines (especially Gente), fashionable music, radio and so on almost got them sent to jail. The public, however, gave the album an enthusiastic reception. The band's shows improved progressively, and eventually were performed in larger venues. The "specialized" press changed its tune, and a romance seemed to develop between the people and Serú Girán.

Expectations were high in 1980 for Serú Girán's new long play, which would be called Bicicleta ("Bicycle") -- a name that Charly had favored for the band (but was panned by the other members). The band sounded more mature on this record. The music was modern and strong, a key feature being the melodies. The role of the bass guitar was again central, and Pedro Aznar's work became more prominent.

In 1979, Charly almost went to jail because of the band's lyrics, considered too clear and direct in some quarters. Even as the music's political message became stronger, it was concealed in an effort to avoid censorship and another close call with the authorities. But the message remained, ready to be heard by ears that wanted to hear it. "Canción de Alicia en el país" ("Song of Alice in the (Wonder) Land") drew an uncanny analogy between Lewis Carroll's story and the Argentine military government. "Encuentro con el diablo" ("Meeting with the Devil") is a reference to the band's meeting with Albano Harguindeguy, who was frequently referred to, behind his back, as the "Devil". A military man, he was Security Minister during those years. He gave talks to some artists, ordering them to tone down their work or leave the country — a policy that led many artists to leave Argentina at that time.

Eventually, the band was very commercially successful; fans found its shows amazing and considered Serú Girán's music Charly's best ever. Serú Girán was dubbed "The Argentine Beatles", and Charly began to receive recognition as a great artist. Serú Girán was the first popular rock band that drew a following from among both the rich and the poor; rock was no longer circumscribed to its historically marginal position. In a recent interview, David Lebón said, "Actually we were much more like Procul Harum than the Beatles, a legendary band: a rock "viola" (slang for guitar) player (Lebón), a classical pianist (García) an infernal percussionist (Moro) and a virtuoso bass player (Aznar)".

Luis Alberto Spinetta was another Argentine rock star of the time. His first band, Almendra, was one of the first in Argentine rock, getting its start before Sui Generis; now he had a band called Spinetta Jade. Perhaps because his style was darker, more complicated, and found harder to understand by many, he was a less popular star than Charly, and they were portrayed as enemies. Luis and Charly put that myth to bed on September 13, 1980, as their bands, Serú Girán and Spinetta Jade, played together in what has been considered one of the greatest shows in the history of Argentine rock.

Patricia Perea, a journalist who worked for a magazine called El Expreso Imaginario ("Imaginary Express"), was not among the fans of Serú Girán. The magazine disliked them and criticized them strongly after they played in Córdoba, Perea's hometown. Serú Girán took revenge on Ms. Perea through their fourth LP: Peperina, directed at her, featuring a song about her which was also called "Peperina". In Córdoba Province, the traditional Argentine infusion yerba mate is mixed with the herb "menta peperina" (Bystropogon mollis, similar to peppermint), which is also used as a tea. Followers of the band considered Peperina a fantastic album with great melodies, superb performance from Aznar, and the songs—which are critical, especially of high society—poetic. Peperina can be viewed as a summary of Serú Girán's work.

One of the songs on Peperina is titled "Llorando en el espejo" ("Crying in the mirror"), and contains a phrase that says "La línea blanca se terminó/no hay señales en tus ojos y estoy/llorando en el espejo..." ("The white line is up, /(there are) no signs in your eyes and I'm/crying in the mirror..."). With its sad melody, the tears, the mirror, and that "white line", the song seems to portray cocaine addiction. At the time, these lyrics did not draw much attention.

Peperina carried a political message. The song "José Mercado" ("Market Joe") was a clear reference to José Martínez de Hoz, the minister of economy. The lyrics "José Mercado compra todo importado (...) / José es licenciado en economía, pasa la vida comprando porquerías" (which translate as "Market Joe only buys imported stuff (...) Joe has a degree in economy, spends his life buying garbage") referred to Argentina's policy of economic liberalism, with its profusion of imported (and often low-quality) products.

1981 may have been the best year for the band in terms of live performances. In 2000, a Serú Girán fan found some tape recordings of a December 1981 show at the Teatro Coliseo and took them to Serú Girán drummer Oscar Moro, who "cleaned" them for the CD Yo no quiero volverme tan loco ("I don't want to go that crazy") published in 2000.

In early 1982, Pedro Aznar left the band to study at Boston's Berklee College of Music. (It is a very common mistake to assume that Aznar left Serú for Pat Metheny's band, one of his favorite musicians. Aznar joined Metheny's group just one full year later, in 1983). In March 1982, Serú returned to Obras Sanitarias to say goobdye to Pedro and put on a highly successful show which was recorded, and released that year as No llores por mí, Argentina ("Don't cry for me, Argentina"). With the loss of Aznar, the band initially considered the idea of having David Lebón play both guitar and bass. But David and Charly had some differences chalked up to "musical taste", and without Pedro things were not the same. Moreover, both were mature enough to begin their own careers and that was the end of Serú Girán...for the time being.

Solo career[link]

In 1982, Argentina was undergoing political change. After the Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur) in June, social chaos erupted and the military government lost part of its power.

Charly García debuted as a soloist with a double LP, Pubis Angelical ("Angelical Pubis"), which was the eponymous movie's soundtrack, and the powerful Yendo de la cama al living ("Going from the bed to the living room"). Four hit songs from this album left their historical mark:

  1. "No bombardeen Buenos Aires" ("Don't bomb Buenos Aires") showed the panic in lived out in the city during the Falklands War, and strongly criticized the army, especially the President Leopoldo Galtieri (Roger Waters from Pink Floyd, on the other side of the trenches at that time, also criticized Galtieri in their 1983 Final Cut album).
  2. "Yendo de la cama al living" ("Going from the bed to the living room") used the experience of being trapped in a confined space as a symbol of the repression of ideas.
  3. "Inconsciente colectivo" ("Collective unconsciousness") was a message of hope and liberty for the stricken Argentine people.
  4. "Yo no quiero volverme tan loco" ("I don't want to go that crazy") was a song about the adolescent spirit of freedom and rebelliousness.

The LP's presentation took place in December at the Ferrocarril Oeste Stadium (or Ferro). As the song "No bombardeen Buenos Aires" drew to a close near the end of the show, backdrop props simulating Buenos Aires were destroyed with fireworks.

In 1983, Charly left Buenos Aires with a small suitcase. When he came back to Buenos Aires from New York, he brought a quality LP titled Clics Modernos ("Modern Clix") that was different from anything previously done in Argentine rock — it was highly singable rock music you could also dance to. Its strong message referred the past years: Exodus in "Plateado sobre plateado (huellas en el mar)" ("Silver on Silver, Footprints on the Sea"), repression in "Nos siguen pegando abajo" ("They keep hitting us down there"), "No me dejan salir" ("They won't let me out") and "Los dinosaurios" ("The Dinosaurs"), a nostalgic but defiant remembrance of those who were kidnapped or killed.

On December 10, the course of Argentine history took a turn as the government became a democracy. Charly performed many well-received shows in 1984, and recorded another album during its last months. García also recorded an LP called Terapia intensiva ("Intensive care"), another movie soundtrack. Piano Bar was released in 1984, completing García's golden trilogy. .

During these years, García's band was home to many future Argentine music stars, including Andrés Calamaro, Fito Páez, Pablo Guyot, Willy Iturri, Alfredo Toth and Fabiana Cantilo.

1985–1989[link]

After the success of Piano Bar, which was García's consecration as a soloist, 1985 was a year to slow down. Charly met again with Pedro Aznar in New York by chance, but they took advantage of this meeting and recorded Tango. The disc had some interesting material, but it did not achieve commercial success primarily due to limited distribution.

In 1987, García came back with Parte de la Religión ("Part of the Religion"), a very interesting LP. Many songs from that LP became hits. Two of them, "No voy en tren" ("I don't take the train") and "Necesito tu amor" ("I need your love") are the perfect symbol of García's dichotomies: the first one says "No necesito a nadie a nadie alrededor" ("I don't need anybody around me"), and the second one says "Yo necesito tu amor/tu amor me salva y me sirve" ("I need your love/your love saves me and is useful to me"). This LP is also featured a song, "Rezo por vos" ("I pray for you"), which was part of a project with Luis Alberto Spinetta that was never finished.

In 1988, Charly made his acting debut at the age of 36, playing a nurse in the movie Lo que vendrá ("What is to come"), the soundtrack of which he also composed. Being a nurse had long been one of García's obsessions. Later that year, the Amnesty International festival wrapped up in Buenos Aires. Starring international and local rock stars, Peter Gabriel, Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Charly García and León Gieco were there.

In 1989, Puerto Rican pop star Wilkins invited Charly to record his classic "Yo No Quiero Volverme Tan Loco", alongside Ilan Chester, from Venezuela, as a tribute to "Rock en Español"; the song was featured in Wilkins' L.A-N.Y. album.

Later that year, Charly released a new album, Cómo conseguir chicas ("How to get girls"). This would probably be his last "normal" album. He described it as "Just a bunch of songs that were never published for different reasons".

Charly's father had long ago told him, "Never write an anagram for someone if you don't want him or her to be pissed off". During the Serú Girán years, his friend David Lebón told him something similar: "Do not write a song for a woman if you love her, because she'll leave you". The LP includes a song titled "Shisyastawuman" (a deliberately direct transliteration of "She's just a woman"), the first song García recorded in English that was written to a woman. The woman left him after hearing the song, just like Lebón had warned. A song named "Zocacola" that Charly dedicated to Zoca was included in this LP as well. A couple of months after the disc was released, Zoca left him.

García had changed. Physically, he looked older. His music was dark, and the earlier symphonical García from La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros was gone. Now, Charly's sound was closer to either punk rock, with violent songs such as "No toquen" ("Do Not Touch"), or a depressive and dark style as shown in "No me verás en el subte" ("You Won't See Me in the Subway"). Different and adverse times lay ahead.

For the international tour in 1989/1990, García formed a new band with Hilda Lizarazu, who sang backup vocals for Charly.

1990–1993 The days of excess[link]

In 1990, Charly had many ideas but no band. Another important member of the band, Fabián "Zorrito" Von Quintiero, had left to join another band, Los Ratones Paranoicos (The Paranoid Mice). Hilda Lizarazu and Carlos García López started a band called Man Ray. Charly was now alone. For his new disc, Filosofía barata y zapatos de goma ("Cheap Philosophy and Rubber Shoes"), he called many of his old friends, who helped record most of the songs. Assisting him, among others, were Andrés Calamaro, Rinaldo Rafanelli, Fabiana Cantilo, "Nito" Mestre, Pedro Aznar, Fabián Von Quintiero and even Hilda Lizarazu. The first issue came once the disc was released. Its last song was a rock version of the "Himno Nacional Argentino", or the Argentine national anthem. Amid controversy, García's version of the national anthem was forbidden for some days, but García was victorious, a judge authorizing the song. Many people liked it, seeing it as a fresh, sincere, strong and respectful version of the old song.

That year, the Government of Buenos Aires organized Mi Buenos Aires Rock (My B.A. rock), a public rock festival on Avenue 9 de Julio, the city's most famous avenue. The artists were to play for half an hour, but Charly played for over two hours. He closed the festival playing his version of the national anthem to one hundred thousand people.

In December 1992, Charly again embraced his past and surprisingly re-joined Serú Girán. Charly García, David Lebón, Pedro Aznar and Oscar Moro were back after ten years. A new album was recorded, titled Serú 92. It enjoyed great commercial success, but musically was sharply different from Serú Girán's other discs.

Serú Girán performed two huge shows at the River Plate Stadium - Buenos Aires' largest. Serú Girán had always been at its best when live, the four members playing very well together. This time, in Moro's words, "the show sounded like Charly García and Serú Girán".

[edit] 1994–2000 the Say No More era

Charly García in 2004.

After not having released any new solo material since 1990, in 1994 García was ready to strike back. The new project was called La hija de "La Lágrima" ("«The Tear»'s Daughter"). This LP would be an introduction to the future concept of Say No More.

In 1994, Kurt Cobain, the leader of Nirvana, tragically ended his own life, adding to his legendary status in the eyes of the fans who saw him becoming a hero. Being one of them, García dyed his hair blonde.

Also during 1994, the Soccer World Cup was being played in the United States. Soccer player legend Diego Armando Maradona was involved in a dispute with FIFA regarding a drug test for ephedrine doping, which he failed, preventing him from playing. After Diego was sent home, Argentina lost two important matches and was knocked out of the World Cup. When the last match was about to end, Charly called Diego on his cell phone and sang to him "live" the Maradona's Blues, a song he composed for him. Diego cried when he heard "Un accidente no es pecado/y no es pecado estar así" ("An accident is not a sin/And is not a sin to be like this"), and the two struck up a friendship.

1995 was again a musical year. García formed a new band for touring on summertime (with María Gabriela Epumer, Juan Bellia, Fabián Von Quintiero, Jorge Suárez and Fernando Samalea) and named it as "Casandra Lange". His idea with the band was play songs Charly had heard as a teen, such as "Sympathy for the Devil" (Mick JaggerKeith Richards) and "There's a Place" (John LennonPaul McCartney). He recorded the performances and edit a live album, Estaba en llamas cuando me acosté ("It was on fire when I went to bed"). All of the songs in this album are in English except for "Te recuerdo invierno" ("I remember you, winter"), which García had written in the early '70s but never recorded with Sui Generis.

In May, Charly recorded Hello! MTV Unplugged, often considered the last time that the rock star played his music to his full potential.

Say No More arrived in 1996. Say No More was a new concept for García: "'Say No More' would be in music what painting directly on the canvas would be for a painter", he explained. He also said that the LP "will only be understood in 20 years". Some sparks of his genius showed, but longtime fans of Charly were not very fond of it at first. Today, however, the album is considered García's masterpiece, and "Say no more" the classic slogan identifying Charly García and all his music.

During 1997, García recorded Alta Fidelidad ("High Fidelity") with Mercedes Sosa. Both had known each other since his childhood, so they decided to publish a collaborative work on which Mercedes would sing her favorite García songs of all time.

In 1998, El aguante ("Holding On") was released. This production featured many covers translated to Spanish by García, like "Tin Soldier" (Small Faces), or "Roll over Beethoven" (Chuck Berry). A significant song which was not included was "A Whiter Shade of Pale", originally released by Procol Harum, a band that Charly had always admired.

In February 1999, García performed at the close of the free public-rock festival "Buenos Aires Vivo III" (BA Live III). There he played a huge concert for 250.000 fans who attended one of the biggest concerts in Argentina to date. In July 1999, Charly agreed to give a private performance at the Quinta de Olivos (the Argentine Presidential residence), at the invitation of the president, Carlos Saúl Menem. On a televised bit of this event he was seen in good spirits, carrying out antics such as playing with the security cameras, or trying to teach the president how to play the piano. A limited edition of a disc memorializing the famous concert, Charly & Charly, was released that year.

Maravillización 2000–2003[link]

In 2000, Charly and Nito Mestre decided to bring Sui Generis back to life. For the special occasion, they both composed the songs for a new LP, "Sinfonías para adolescentes" ("Symphonies for Teenagers"). Of course, things were very different after 25 years, but young and older fans were excited by the idea of the return of Sui Generis. This new period would be marked by García's new "sound concept" of Maravillización or "Making something marvellous", replacing the old dark "Say no more" style.

Finally Sui Generis played again in the Boca Juniors's Stadium, for 25.000 fans on December 7, 2000. Charly respected his fans and his old partner, and played for almost four hours in front of a delighted public, despite of the "differences" between the old and the new model Sui Generis, as regards sound, Charly's voice and behaviour, etc.

Many journalists and some fans criticized this return, stating that the main cause for it was the money and that both members of the band had changed so much, that the new album and show had nothing to do with the "real" Sui Generis.

During 2001, ¡Si! Detrás de las paredes ("B [the musical note]! Behind the Walls") was edited as the second and last Sui Generis's LP in this new era. It was a mash up between live versions of the Boca Juniors's concert, new songs (as "Telepáticamente") and some versions of old songs. (such as "Rasguña Las Piedras", featuring Gustavo Cerati, former leader of Soda Stereo).

Besides on October 23, 2001, Charly reached age 50. For the occasion, a special concert in the Colliseum Theater was organized.

After this interruption in his solo Career, Charly got back to the spotlight after releasing Influencia ("Influence") in 2002. This new disc contained some interesting songs that made an impact in the Latin American world of Rock, such as "Tu Vicio" ("Your Vice"), "Influencia" ("Influence", translated cover from Todd Rundgren's original "Influenza") and "I'm Not In Love" (featuring Tony Sheridan). Even though it included old songs as "Happy And Real" (from Tango IV, 1991) or "Uno A Uno" ("One to one", from El Aguante, 1998) and different versions of the same songs, this was probably García's best album since 1994.

Live concerts of Influencia were probably Charly's best in a long, long time. With the strong support of María Gabriela Epumer in chorus and guitar, Charly showed up in many different concerts, such as two in the Luna Park Stadium, Viña del Mar and Cosquín Rock with correct performances.

Finally in October 2003, Charly released Rock and Roll, Yo ("Rock and Roll, Me"), dedicated to María Gabriela. The songs weren't as good as those in Influencia, his voice often sounds out of tune and, once again the LP contained too many versions and translated covers such as "Linda Bailarina" ("Pretty Ballerina", Michael Brown) or "Wonder" ("Love´S in Need of Love Today" by Stevie Wonder). This time his shows weren't so convincing, and Epumer's absence could be felt by the fans.

Drop into the background (2004–2008)[link]

Charly García and a fan, Ex-President Néstor Kirchner.

On April 30, 2007 he performed in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires at the invitation of the Madres de la Plaza for their 30th Anniversary. He routinely performs throughout Argentina and South America.

Also, since 2004, one of his most remarkable "positive" landmarks was to play once again in Casa Rosada, the Argentine government palace. This was one of the many concerts organized there by the Argentine ex-president, Néstor Kirchner.

The great return (2009-present)[link]

According to Clarín newspaper, on 14 June 2008, Charly García was taken to a hospital in the city of Mendoza, Argentina due to a violent episode that he carried out in a hotel in Mendoza. Sources relate the incident to overdose of drugs and alcohol.[2]

After the incident García's friend, Palito Ortega, took Charly to his country estate in Provincia de Buenos Aires where Ortega had him be treated with several doctors and psychiatrists to cure his addiction. The recovery process took almost an entire year.

After the long recovery, a cured Charly came back in August 2009 with a new song called "Deberías Saber Porque" (You Should Know Why). The song became a hit and soon Charly embarked on a large tour through Chile and Perú to promote his return. On October 23 García celebrated his 58th birthday with an amazing concert in Velez Sarfield's Stadium, Argentina. This concert has been referred to as "The Underwater Concert" because of the heavy rain that fell.

In October of 2011, Charly was the last guest on Susana Gimenez's final episode of her program "El Show de Susana Giménez". While appearing on the show, he performed the song "Desarma y Sangra", originally from his band Serú Girán.

Discography[link]

Sui Generis[link]

  • 1972 - Vida ("Life")
  • 1973 - Confesiones de Invierno ("Winter Confessions")
  • 1974 - Pequeñas anécdotas sobre las instituciones ("Little Anecdotes about Institutions")
  • 1975 - Adiós Sui Generis I & II (live) ("Good Bye Sui Generis, Volumes 1 and 2")
  • 1993 - Adiós Sui Generis III (live from 1975) ("Good Bye Sui Generis, Volume 3")
  • 2000 - Sinfonías para adolescentes ("Symphonies for Teenagers")
  • 2001 - ¡Si! Detrás de las paredes (live) ("B [the musical note]/Yes! Behind the Walls")
    • The Title "Si", could be interpreted as 2 different things things. In Spanish, "Si" means "Yes", but in Solfege, a means of remembering Musical Scales, "Si" (or "Ti") is the 7th note, which, in C Major, is B.

Porsuigieco[link]

  • 1976 - Porsuigieco (raúl PORchetto, SUI generis, león GIECO)

La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros[link]

  • 1976 - La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros ("The Bird Making Machine")
  • 1977 - Películas ("Movies")

Serú Girán[link]

  • 1978 - Serú Giran
  • 1979 - La Grasa de las Capitales ("Grease of the capitals")
  • 1980 - Bicicleta ("Bicycle")
  • 1981 - Peperina
  • 1982 - No llores por mí, Argentina ("Don't cry for me, Argentina")
  • 1992 - Serú 92
  • 1993 - Vivo I (live); Vivo II (live)
  • 2000 - Yo no quiero volverme tan loco (live from 1981) ("I don't want to become that crazy")

Solo[link]

  • 1980 - Música del alma ("Soul's Music")
  • 1982 - Pubis angelical/Yendo de la cama al living ("Angelical Pubis / Going from the Bed to the Living Room")
  • 1983 - Clics modernos ("Modern Clix")
  • 1984 - Piano bar (Charly García album)|Piano bar
  • 1984 - Terapia intensiva ("Intensive care") [Soundtrack]
  • 1985 - Tango (featuring Pedro Aznar)
  • 1987 - Parte de la religión ("Part of the Religion")
  • 1988 - Lo que vendrá ("Times to come") [Soundtrack]
  • 1989 - Cómo conseguir chicas ("How To Get Girls")
  • 1990 - Filosofía barata y zapatos de goma ("Cheap Philosophy and Rubber Shoes")
  • 1991 - Tango 4 (featuring Pedro Aznar)
  • 1992 - Radio Pinti (featuring Pedro Aznar and Enrique Pinti)
  • 1993 - Funes un Gran Amor [Soundtrack]
  • 1994 - La hija de La Lágrima ("The Tear's Daughter")
  • 1995 - Hello! (MTV Unplugged)
  • 1996 - Say No More
  • 1997 - Alta Fidelidad (with Mercedes Sosa) ("High Fidelity")
  • 1998 - El aguante ("The «Holding On»")
  • 1999 - Demasiado ego ("Too Much Ego") (live)
  • 1999 - Charly & Charly en Olivos (live, limited edition).
  • 2002 - Influencia ("Influence")
  • 2003 - Rock and Roll, Yo ("Rock And Roll, I")
  • 2010 - El Concierto Subacuatico ("The Underwater Concert") (live)
  • 2010 - Kill Gil
  • 2012 - 60x60 (live)

Cassandra Lange[link]

  • 1995 - Estaba en llamas cuando me acosté ("It Was On Fire When I Went to Bed")

References[link]

http://wn.com/Charly_García

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Чарли Гар�?ия

http://fr.wn.com/Charly García

http://de.wn.com/Charly García

http://it.wn.com/Charly García

http://es.wn.com/Charly García




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charly_García

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


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