Morality (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good (or right) and those that are bad (or wrong). A moral code is a system of morality (according to a particular philosophy, religion, culture, etc.) and a moral is any one practice or teaching within a moral code. The adjective moral is synonymous with "good" or "right." Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e. good or right), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any set of moral standards or principles.^[1][2][3][4] An example of a moral code is the Golden Rule which states that, "One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself."^[5]

Philosophy[link]

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Morality and ethics[link]

Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is that branch of philosophy which addresses questions about morality. The word 'ethics' is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group, or individual."^[6] Likewise, certain types of ethical theories, especially deontological ethics, sometimes distinguish between 'ethics' and 'morals': "Although the morality of people and their ethics amounts to the same thing, there is a usage that restricts morality to systems such as that of Kant, based on notions such as duty, obligation, and principles of conduct, reserving ethics for the more Aristotelian approach to practical reasoning, based on the notion of a virtue, and generally avoiding the separation of 'moral' considerations from other practical considerations."^[7]

Descriptive and normative[link]

• In its descriptive sense, "morality" refers to personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores. It does not connote objective claims of right or wrong, but only refers to that which is considered right or wrong. Descriptive ethics is the branch of philosophy which studies morality in this sense.
• In its normative sense, "morality" refers to whatever (if anything) is actually right or wrong, which may be independent of the values or mores held by any particular peoples or cultures. Normative ethics is the branch of philosophy which studies morality in this sense.

Realism and anti-realism[link]

Philosophical theories on the nature and origins of morality (that is, theories of meta-ethics) are broadly divided into two classes:

• Moral realism is the class of theories which hold that there are true moral statements that report objective moral facts. For example, while they might concede that forces of social conformity significantly shape individuals' "moral" decisions, they deny that those cultural norms and customs define morally right behavior. This may be the philosophical view propounded by ethical naturalists, however not all moral realists accept that position (e.g. ethical non-naturalists).^[8]
• Moral anti-realism, on the other hand, holds that moral statements either fail or do not even attempt to report objective moral facts. Instead, they hold that moral claims are derived either from an unsupported belief that there are objective moral facts (error theory, a form of moral nihilism); the speakers' sentiments (emotivism, a form of moral relativism); or any one of the norms prevalent in society (ethical subjectivism, another form of moral relativism).

Theories which claim that morality is derived from reasoning about implied imperatives (universal prescriptivism), the edicts of a god (divine command theory), or the hypothetical decrees of a perfectly rational being (ideal observer theory), are considered anti-realist in the robust sense used here, but are considered realist in the sense synonymous with moral universalism.

Anthropology[link]

Tribal and territorial[link]

Celia Green made a distinction between tribal and territorial morality.^[9] She characterizes the latter as predominantly negative and proscriptive: it defines a person’s territory, including his or her property and dependents, which is not to be damaged or interfered with. Apart from these proscriptions, territorial morality is permissive, allowing the individual whatever behaviour does not interfere with the territory of another. By contrast, tribal morality is prescriptive, imposing the norms of the collective on the individual. These norms will be arbitrary, culturally dependent and ‘flexible’, whereas territorial morality aims at rules which are universal and absolute, such as Kant’s ‘categorical imperative’ and Geisler's graded absolutism. Green relates the development of territorial morality to the rise of the concept of private property, and the ascendancy of contract over status.

In-group and out-group[link]

Some observers hold that individuals apply distinct sets of moral rules to people depending on their membership of an "in-group" (the individual and those they believe to be of the same culture or race) or an "out-group" (people not entitled to be treated according to the same rules). Some biologists, anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists believe this in-group/out-group discrimination has evolved because it enhances group survival. This belief has been confirmed by simple computational models of evolution.^[10] Gary R. Johnson and V.S. Falger have argued that nationalism and patriotism are forms of this in-group/out-group boundary. Jonathan Haidt has noted^[11] that experimental observation indicates an in-group criterion provides one moral foundation substantially used by conservatives, but far less so by liberals.

Comparing cultures[link]

This section requires expansion.

Peterson and Seligman ^[12] approach the anthropological view looking across cultures, geo-cultural areas and across millennia. They conclude that certain virtues have prevailed in all cultures they examined. The major virtues they identified include wisdom / knowledge; courage; humanity; justice; temperance; and transcendence. Each of these includes several divisions. For instance humanity includes love, kindness, and social intelligence.

Fons Trompenaars, author of Did the Pedestrian Die?, tested members of different cultures with various moral dilemmas. One of these was whether the driver of a car would have his friend, a passenger riding in the car, lie in order to protect the driver from the consequences of driving too fast and hitting a pedestrian. Trompenaars found that different cultures had quite different expectations (from none to almost certain).^{[citation needed]}

Evolution[link]

See also: Evolution of morality, Altruism, Evolutionary ethics

The development of modern morality is a process closely tied to the Sociocultural evolution of different peoples of humanity. Some evolutionary biologists, particularly sociobiologists, believe that morality is a product of evolutionary forces acting at an individual level and also at the group level through group selection (though to what degree this actually occurs is a controversial topic in evolutionary theory). Some sociobiologists contend that the set of behaviors that constitute morality evolved largely because they provided possible survival and/or reproductive benefits (i.e. increased evolutionary success). Humans consequently evolved "pro-social" emotions, such as feelings of empathy or guilt, in response to these moral behaviors.

On this understanding, morality is not absolute, but relative, and constitutes any set of behaviors that encourage human cooperation based on their ideology to get ideologic unity. Biologists contend that all social animals, from ants to elephants, have modified their behaviors, by restraining immediate selfishness in order to improve their evolutionary fitness. Human morality, though sophisticated and complex relative to other animals, is essentially a natural phenomenon that evolved to restrict excessive individualism that could undermine a group's cohesion and thereby reducing the individuals' fitness..^[13] On this view, moral codes are ultimately founded on emotional instincts and intuitions that were selected for in the past because they aided survival and reproduction (inclusive fitness). Examples: the maternal bond is selected for because it improves the survival of offspring; the Westermarck effect, where close proximity during early years reduces mutual sexual attraction, underpins taboos against incest because it decreases the likelihood of genetically risky behaviour such as inbreeding.

The phenomenon of 'reciprocity' in nature is seen by evolutionary biologists as one way to begin to understand human morality. Its function is typically to ensure a reliable supply of essential resources, especially for animals living in a habitat where food quantity or quality fluctuates unpredictably. For example, some vampire bats fail to feed on prey some nights while others manage to consume a surplus. Bats that did eat will then regurgitate part of their blood meal to save a conspecific from starvation. Since these animals live in close-knit groups over many years, an individual can count on other group members to return the favor on nights when it goes hungry (Wilkinson, 1984) Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce (2009) have argued that morality is a suite of behavioral capacities likely shared by all mammals living in complex social groups (e.g., wolves, coyotes, elephants, dolphins, rats, chimpanzees). They define morality as "a suite of interrelated other-regarding behaviors that cultivate and regulate complex interactions within social groups." This suite of behaviors includes empathy, reciprocity, altruism, cooperation, and a sense of fairness.^[14] In related work, it has been convincingly demonstrated that chimpanzees show empathy for each other in a wide variety of contexts.^[15] They also possess the ability to engage in deception, and a level of social 'politics'^[16] prototypical of our own tendencies for gossip and reputation management.

Christopher Boehm (1982) has hypothesized that the incremental development of moral complexity throughout hominid evolution was due to the increasing need to avoid disputes and injuries in moving to open savanna and developing stone weapons. Other theories are that increasing complexity was simply a correlate of increasing group size and brain size, and in particular the development of theory of mind abilities. Richard Dawkins in The God Delusion suggested that our morality is a result of our biological evolutionary history and that the Moral Zeitgeist helps describe how morality evolves from biological and cultural origins and evolves with time within a culture.

Neuroscience[link]

Mirror-neurons[link]

Mirror neurons are neurons in the brain that fire when another person is observed doing a certain action. The neurons fire in imitation of the action being observed, causing the same muscles to act minutely in the observer as are acting grossly in the person actually performing the action. Research on mirror neurons, since their discovery in 1996,^[17] suggests that they may have a role to play not only in action understanding, but also in emotion sharing empathy. Cognitive neuro-scientist Jean Decety thinks that the ability to recognize and vicariously experience what another individual is undergoing was a key step forward in the evolution of social behavior, and ultimately, morality.^[18] The inability to feel empathy is one of the defining characteristics of psychopathy, and this would appear to lend support to Decety's view.^[19][20]

Neuroimaging and stimulation[link]

The explicit making of moral right and wrong judgments coincides with activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) while intuitive reactions to situations containing implicit moral issues activates the temporoparietal junction area.^[21] Stimulation of the VMPC by transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to inhibit the ability of human subjects to take into account intent when forming a moral judgment.^[22] Similarly VMPC-impaired persons will judge an action purely on its outcome and are unable to take into account the intent of that action.^[23]

Neuroscience has also looked at the phenomenon of so-called moral luck:

A father who leaves his child by the bath, after telling his child to stay put and believing that he will stay put, is judged to be morally blameworthy if the child drowns (an unlucky outcome), but not if his child stays put and doesn't drown. . . . Yet these judgments may also seem paradoxical. After all, . . . everything from the agent's perspective was exactly the same, including what the agent thought would happen, and what the agent himself did. In general, we expect that morality should not depend on luck.^[24]

The brain areas that are consistently involved when humans reason about moral issues have been investigated by a quantitative large-scale meta-analysis of the brain activity changes reported in the moral neuroscience literature.^[25] In fact, the neural network underlying moral decisions overlapped with the network pertaining to representing others' intentions (i.e., theory of mind) and the network pertaining to representing others' (vicariously experienced) emotional states (i.e., empathy). This supports the notion that moral reasoning is related to both seeing things from other persons’ points of view and to grasping others’ feelings These results provide evidenced that the neural network underlying moral decisions is probably domain-global (i.e., there might be no such things as a "moral module" in the human brain) and might be dissociable into cognitive and affective sub-systems.

Psychology[link]

In modern moral psychology, morality is considered to change through personal development. A number of psychologists have produced theories on the development of morals, usually going through stages of different morals. Lawrence Kohlberg, Jean Piaget, and Elliot Turiel have cognitive-developmental approaches to moral development; to these theorists morality forms in a series of constructive stages or domains. Social psychologists such as Martin Hoffman and Jonathan Haidt emphasize social and emotional development based on biology, such as empathy. Moral identity theorists, such as William Damon and Mordechai Nisan, see moral commitment as arising from the development of a self-identity that is defined by moral purposes: this moral self-identity leads to a sense of responsibility to pursue such purposes. Of historical interest in psychology are the theories of psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud, who believe that moral development is the product of aspects of the super-ego as guilt-shame avoidance.

Even though we have a sense of responsibility to pursue moral purposes, we still, at least occasionally, engage in immoral behaviour. Such behaviours jeopardize our moral self-image; however, when we engage in immoral behaviours we still feel as though we are moral individuals. Moral self-licensing attempts to explain this phenomenon and proposes that self-image security increases our likelihood to engage in immoral behaviour. When our moral self image is threatened, we can gain confidence from our past moral behaviour. The more confident we are, the less we will worry about our future behaviour which actually increases the likelihood that we will engage in immoral behaviours. ^[26][27]

Monin and Miller (2001)^[26] examined the moral self-licensing effect and found that when participants established credentials as non-prejudiced persons, they were more willing to express politically incorrect opinions despite the fact that the audience was unaware of their credentials.

Morality and Wealth[link]

Socioeconomic factors can have a significant impact on moral issues. For example, a study conducted in the US in 2008^[28] measured the correlation between wealth and divorce rates, and found that people with an income above $75.000 and a college education only have 22% divorce rate compared to 39% in the group with income below $20.000 per annum. Further benefits of wealth can be derived from crime statistics indicating that crime rates are inversly correlated with GDP^[29] albeit others find a positive correlation.^[30] More comprehensive analysis shows that the crime rates increase with inequality of wealth distibution.^[31][32] Comparing List of countries by income equality and List of countries by intentional homicide rate gives a visual indication of the importance of wealth distribution. Because of this correlation, some advocate the Redistribution of wealth, possibly to be achieved via taxation. However, the justification of wealth distribution is a matter of debate between philopsophers, social scientists and polititians ^[33] Aritstotle in his Nicomachean Ethics talks about generosity as a virtue and claims that is is better to be wasteful than stingy with regards to dealing with money.

Morality and politics[link]

If morality is the answer to the question 'how ought we to live' at the individual level, politics can be seen as addressing the same question at the social level. It is therefore unsurprising that evidence has been found of a relationship between attitudes in morality and politics. Jonathan Haidt and Jesse Graham have studied the differences between liberals and conservatives, in this regard.^[34][35][36] Haidt found that Americans who identified as liberals tended to value care and fairness higher than loyalty, respect and purity. Self-identified conservative Americans valued care and fairness less and the remaining three values more. Both groups gave care the highest over-all weighting, but conservatives valued fairness the lowest, whereas liberals valued purity the lowest. Haidt also hypothesizes that the origin of this division in the United States can be traced to geohistorical factors, with conservatism strongest in closely knit, ethnically homogenous communities, in contrast to port-cities, where the cultural mix is greater, thus requiring more liberalism.

Group morality develops from shared concepts and beliefs and is often codified to regulate behavior within a culture or community. Various defined actions come to be called moral or immoral. Individuals who choose moral action are popularly held to possess "moral fiber", whereas those who indulge in immoral behavior may be labeled as socially degenerate^{[disambiguation needed ]}. The continued existence of a group may depend on widespread conformity to codes of morality; an inability to adjust moral codes in response to new challenges is sometimes credited with the demise of a community (a positive example would be the function of Cistercian reform in reviving monasticism; a negative example would be the role of the Dowager Empress in the subjugation of China to European interests). Within nationalist movements, there has been some tendency to feel that a nation will not survive or prosper without acknowledging one common morality, regardless of its content. Political Morality is also relevant to the behaviour internationally of national governments, and to the support they receive from their host population. Noam Chomsky states that ^[37][38]

Morality and religion[link]

Positions[link]

Within the wide range of moral traditions, religious moral traditions co-exist with contemporary secular moral frameworks such as consequentialism, freethought, humanism, utilitarianism, and others. There are many types of religious morals. Modern monotheistic religions, such as Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and to a certain degree others such as Sikhism, define right and wrong by the laws and rules set forth by their respective scriptures and as interpreted by religious leaders within the respective faith. Polytheistic religious traditions tend to be less absolute. For example, within Buddhism, the intention of the individual and the circumstances should be accounted for to determine if an action is right or wrong.^[39] A further disparity between the morals of religious traditions is pointed out by Barbara Stoler Miller, who states that, in Hinduism, "practically, right and wrong are decided according to the categories of social rank, kinship, and stages of life. For modern Westerners, who have been raised on ideals of universality and egalitarianism, this relativity of values and obligations is the aspect of Hinduism most difficult to understand".^[40]

Religions provide different ways of dealing with moral dilemmas. For example, there is no absolute prohibition on killing in Hinduism, which recognizes that it "may be inevitable and indeed necessary" in certain circumstances.^[41] In monotheistic traditions, certain acts are viewed in more absolute terms, such as abortion or divorce.^[a] Religion is not always positively associated with morality. Philosopher David Hume stated that, "the greatest crimes have been found, in many instances, to be compatible with a superstitious piety and devotion; Hence it is justly regarded as unsafe to draw any inference in favor of a man's morals, from the fervor or strictness of his religious exercises, even though he himself believe them sincere."^[42]

Religious morals can diverge from commonly-held contemporary moral positions, such as those on murder, mass atrocities, and slavery. For example, Simon Blackburn states that "apologists for Hinduism defend or explain away its involvement with the caste system, and apologists for Islam defend or explain away its harsh penal code or its attitude to women and infidels".^[43] In regard to Christianity, he states that the "Bible can be read as giving us a carte blanche for harsh attitudes to children, the mentally handicapped, animals, the environment, the divorced, unbelievers, people with various sexual habits, and elderly women",^[44] and notes morally suspect themes in the Bible's New Testament as well.^[45][e] Christian Apologists address Blackburn's viewpoints^[46] and explain that Jewish laws in the bible show the evolution of moral standards towards protecting the vulnerable, imposing a death penalty on those pursuing slavery and treating slaves as persons and not property.^[47] Elizabeth Anderson, a Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, states that "the Bible contains both good and evil teachings", and it is "morally inconsistent".^[48]

Empirical analyses[link]

A number of studies have been conducted on the empirics of morality in various countries, and the overall relationship between faith and crime is unclear.^[b] A 2001 review of studies on this topic found "The existing evidence surrounding the effect of religion on crime is varied, contested, and inconclusive, and currently no persuasive answer exists as to the empirical relationship between religion and crime."^[49] Phil Zuckerman's 2008 book, Society without God, notes that Denmark and Sweden, "which are probably the least religious countries in the world, and possibly in the history of the world", enjoy "among the lowest violent crime rates in the world [and] the lowest levels of corruption in the world".^[50][c] Dozens of studies have been conducted on this topic since the twentieth century. A 2005 study by Gregory S. Paul published in the Journal of Religion and Society stated that, "A few hundred years ago rates of homicide were astronomical in Christian Europe and the American colonies ... In all secular developing democracies a centuries long-term trend has seen homicide rates drop to historical lows" with the exceptions being the United States (with a high religiosity level) and "theistic Portugal".^[51][d] In a response, Gary Jensen builds on and refines Paul's study.^[52] His conclusion is that a "complex relationship" exists between religiosity and homicide "with some dimensions of religiosity encouraging homicide and other dimensions discouraging it". On April 26, 2012, the results of a study which tested their subjects' pro-social sentiments were published in the Social Psychological and Personality Science journal in which non-religious people had higher scores showing that they were more inclined to show generosity in random acts of kindness, such as lending their possessions and offering a seat on a crowded bus or train. Religious people also had lower scores when it came to seeing how much compassion motivated participants to be charitable in other ways, such as in giving money or food to a homeless person and to non-believers.^[53][54]

Moral codes[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Codified morality is generally distinguished from custom, another way for a community to define appropriate activity, by the former's derivation from natural or universal principles. Some religious communities see the Divine as providing these principles through revelation, sometimes in great detail. Such codes may be called laws, as in the Law of Moses, or community morality may be defined through commentary on the texts of revelation, as in Islamic law. Such codes are distinguished from legal or judicial right, including civil rights, which are based on the accumulated traditions, decrees and legislation of a political authority, though these latter often invoke the authority of the moral law.

Morality can also be seen as the collection of beliefs as to what constitutes a good life. Since throughout most of human history, religions have provided both visions and regulations for an ideal life, morality is often confused with religious precepts. In secular communities, lifestyle choices, which represent an individual's conception of the good life, are often discussed in terms of morality. Individuals sometimes feel that making an appropriate lifestyle choice invokes a true morality, and that accepted codes of conduct within their chosen community are fundamentally moral, even when such codes deviate from more general social principles.

Moral codes are often complex definitions of moral and immoral that are based upon well-defined value systems. Although some people might think that a moral code is simple, rarely is there anything simple about one's values, ethics, etc. or, for that matter, the judgment of those of others. The difficulty lies in the fact that morals are often part of a religion and more often than not about culture codes. Sometimes, moral codes give way to legal codes, which couple penalties or corrective actions with particular practices. Note that while many legal codes are merely built on a foundation of religious and/or cultural moral codes, often they are one and the same.

Examples of moral codes include The Golden Rule (or "ethic of reciprocity");^[55] the Five Precepts and the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism (see Śīla); the ancient Egyptian code of Ma'at; the Ten Commandments of Judaism and Christianity; the Quran of Islam; Judaism's Noahide Law; and the yamas and niyama of the Hindu scriptures.

Another related concept is the moral core of an individual, which is assumed to be innate. This, in some religious systems and beliefs (e.g. Gnosticism), is assumed to be the basis of all aesthetics and thus moral choice. Moral codes as such are therefore seen as coercive—part of human politics.

See also[link]

• Christian ethics
• Ethical dilemma
• Moral graph, a mathematical concept
• Tattva
• Value theory

Notes[link]

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Yandell,, Keith E. (1973). God, man, and religion: readings in the philosophy of religion. McGraw-Hill. http://books.google.com/books?id=3EwgAQAAIAAJ.  containing articles by Paterson Brown:

"Religious Morality", (from Mind, 1963),

"Religious Morality: a Reply to Flew and Campbell", (from Mind, 1964),

"God and the Good", (from Religious studies, 1967)

• Churchland, Patricia Smith (2011). Braintrust : What Neuroscience Tells Us about Morality. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13703-X. http://books.google.com/books?id=tLsIzyFR08IC.  (Reviewed in The Montreal Review)
• Harris, Sam (2010). The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values. New York: Free Press. ISBN 1-4391-7121-1. 
• Stace, Walter Terence (1937). The Concept of Morals. New York: The MacMillan Company; Reprinted 1975 by permission of MacMillan Publishing Co. Inc., and also reprinted by Peter Smith Publisher Inc, January 1990. ISBN 0-8446-2990-1. http://www.archive.org/details/conceptofmorals029360mbp. 
• Trompenaars, Fons (2003). Did the Pedestrian Die?: Insights from the World's Greatest Culture Guru. Oxford: Capstone. ISBN 1-84112-436-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=BAYKAQAAMAAJ. 
• Virtuous Behaviors Sanction Later Sins: People are quick to treat themselves after a good deed or healthy act March 4, 2012

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Morality

• The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the Definition of Morality
• Boston College's Morality Lab
• Objective Morality An evolutionary approach
• Morality and Judaism, chabad.org
• Wiki site for discussing and taking action on shared morals (WorldMoralMovement.org)
• Stephen Pinker on the Psychology and Evolutionary Biology of Morality

Ali Love (born 1979) is a solo musician who was previously signed to Columbia Records.

In 2006 Ali Love released his first two singles, "K-Hole" and "Camera on a Pole" on his own independent label "I Love Records". He rose to the limelight providing vocals for The Chemical Brothers hit, "Do It Again", for their 2007 album, We Are the Night. "Do It Again" was synched to the world wide commercial for Paco Rabanne "1 Million" and "Lady Million".

In 2007 Ali released his first major single, "Secret Sunday Lover". This was followed by "Late Night Session" on Columbia Records.

In 2008 Ali parted company with Columbia Records and, although his originally scheduled debut album, Love Music, was set for release shortly after "Late Night Session", it remains commercially unreleased.

In April 2009 Ali Love signed a new record deal with Back Yard Recordings and Blue Mountain Publishing. In February 2011 Ali Love signed to Dim Mak Records in the USA. http://www.dimmak.com/

In 2011, he sang and co-wrote the new Justice single called "Civilization". The track was used in the biggest Adidas commercial to date, "Adidas All In" starring David Beckham, Katy Perry and B.O.B.

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

• 2006: "K-Hole"
• 2006: "Camera On A Pole"
• 2007: "Do It Again" (with The Chemical Brothers) #12 UK, #2 Italy, #13 Japan, #16 Ireland
• 2007: "Secret Sunday Lover" (UK Physical Singles Chart #22)
• 2007: "Late Night Session"
• 2009: "Diminishing Returns"
• 2010: "Love Harder"
• 2010: "Smoke & Mirrors"
• 2010: "Moscow Girl"
• 2011: "Forward Motion" (Hot Natured (Jamie Jones and Lee Foss) song)
• 2011: "Civilization" (with Justice)

Albums[link]

• 2010: Love Harder

Ali Love Remixes[link]

• K-Hole - Mustapha 3000 Remix
• K-Hole - SebastiAn Remix
• Secret Sunday Lover - Sebastien Ledger Remix
• Secret Sunday Lover - Jon Kahuna Remix
• Secret Sunday Lover - Tom Neville Remix
• Secret Sunday Lover - Playgroup Remix
• Late Night Session - Paul Epworth Remix
• Late Night Session - Superafly Remix
• Diminishing Returns - Luca C and Brigante Remix
• Dimishing Returns - Alvin Risk Remix
• Love Harder - Prins Thomas Remix
• Moscow Girl - Jacques Renault Remix
• Moscow Girl - Lee Foss Remix
• Moscow Girl - Mustang Remix
• Smoke and Mirrors - Funtcase Remix
• Smoke and Mirrors - Villa Remix

Ali Love Music Videos[link]

• K-Hole, Directed by Aoife Mcardle (2006)
• Camera on a Pole (2006)
• Vincent Brain, Directed by Aoife Mcardle (2007)
• Secret Sunday Lover (2007)
• Late Night Session (2007)
• Diminishing Returns, directed by Jayne Helliwell (2009)
• Smoke and Mirrors, directed by Jayne Helliwell (2010)
• Love Harder, directed by Trevor Jackson (2010)
• Moscow Girl, directed by Camille Bennett (2010)

Ali Love Notable Live Appearances[link]

• Myspace Bleep Bleep Tour, UK (March 2007)
• Camden Crawl, UK (April 2007)
• The Great Escape Festival, UK (May 2007)
• 1234 Festival, UK (August 2007)
• Mark Ronson Support, UK (October 2007)
• Bestival, Isle of Wight (September 2010)
• Libertine Super Sport, Belgium (January 2010)
• Miike Snow Support, UK (February 2010)
• I Blame Coco Support, UK (February 2010)
• Koko Camden, UK (April 2010)
• Uffie Support, UK (June 2010)
• The City Arts & Music Project with Chromeo, UK (June 2010)
• Space, Ibiza. Spain (August 2010)
• Bread and Butter, Germany (September 2010)
• Offset Festival, UK (September 2010)
• POW, Space. Portugal (December 2010)
• Razzmatazz, Barcelona. Spain (February 2011)
• Glastonbury Festival, UK (June 2011)

Collaborations[link]

• The Chemical Brothers "Do It Again" (2009)
• Justice "Civillization" (2011)
• Hot Natured "Forward Motion"(2011)
• Luca C & Brigante "Different Morals"(2011)

Soundtracks and Syncs[link]

• Skins E4 Trailer - "Diminishing Returns"
• Paco Rabanne "1 Million" Advertisement - "Do it Again" (The Chemical Brothers)
• Paco Rabanne "Lady Million" Advertisement - "Do it Again" (The Chemical Brothers)
• Adidas 2011 "Adidas Is All In" Commercial - "Civilization" (Justice)

Ali Love Television Appearances[link]

• Freshly Squeezed - Channel 4 (2007)
• MTV2 - Spanking New Sessions (2007)
• BBC2 - Warehouse Projects (2007)

External links[link]

• Official website
• Myspace
• Facebook
  • Twitter
• Interview and live review in LeftLion Magazine
• Interview with Ali Love (including Audio)

This biographical article about an English singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Sam Harris may refer to:

• Sam Harris (author) (born 1967), American author and neuroscientist
• Sam Harris (basketball) (born 1984), Australian basketball player
• Sam Harris (playwright) (1872–1941), American playwright and theater producer
• Sam Harris (rugby) (born 1980), New Zealand rugby footballer
• Sam Harris (entertainer) (born 1961), American actor and recording artist

See also[link]

• Samantha Harris Shapiro
• Samuel Harris (disambiguation)

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