Look up originality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

This image is in the public domain in Switzerland, where it was taken and also published first. It has been deemed by the Swiss Bundesgericht, the Supreme Court, to be not copyrightable due to a lack of creativity: it is ineligible for copyright because it does not pass the threshold of originality. It is the image the case Blau Guggenheim v. British Broadcasting Corporation BBC was about.

Originality is the aspect of created or invented works by as being new or novel, and thus can be distinguished from reproductions, clones, forgeries, or derivative works.^{[citation needed]} An original work is one not received from others nor one copied based on the work of others.^{[citation needed]}. It is a work created with a unique style and substance. The term "originality" is often applied as a compliment to the creativity of artists, writers, and thinkers.^{[citation needed]} The idea of originality as we^[who?] know it was invented by Romanticism,^[1] with a notion that is often called romantic originality.^[2][3][4]

The concept of originality is culturally contingent. It became an ideal in Western culture starting from the 18th century.^[5][6] In contrast, at the time of Shakespeare it was common to appreciate more the similarity with an admired classical work, and Shakespeare himself avoided "unnecessary invention".^[5][7][8]

Originality in law[link]

In law, originality has become an important legal concept with respect to intellectual property, where creativity and invention have manifest as copyrightable works.^{[clarification needed]} In the patent law of the United States and most other countries, only original inventions are subject to protection. In addition to being original, inventions submitted for a patent must also be useful and nonobvious.^{[citation needed]}

In United States copyright law and the law of many other states, copyrights protect only original works of authorship, a property which has been historically and legally linked to a concept of "creativity". A work must pass a threshold of originality in order to be copyrightable.^[9]

In United Kingdom intellectual property law, a derived work can demonstrate originality, and must do so if it is to respect copyright.^{[citation needed]}

Original idea[link]

An original idea is one not thought up by another person beforehand. Sometimes two or more people can come up with the same idea independently.

Original Recording[link]

An original painting, photographic negative, analog audio or video recording, will contain qualities that can be difficult, or under current technology may be impossible to copy in its full integrity. That can also apply for any other artifact.

That is why it is often necessary to preserve the original, in order to preserve its original integrity. The copy is made to preserve the original recording by saving the original from degenerating as it is being played, rather than to replace the original.

See also[link]

• Copyright protection of photographs in Switzerland - describes the criteria for the originality of photographs in Swiss law
• Derivative work
• Feist v. Rural and Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. (USA)
• In fiction narratology, an original is the first-published installment of a series of works, thus having sequels, prequels, interquels, etc.
• Christoph Meili
• Synonyms: archetype, prototype (the first draft of an original work), model, template, and pastiche (an imitation of an archetype or prototype in order to pay homage to the original creator)
• Sweat of the brow

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Gregory, Elizabeth (1997) Quotation and Modern American Poetry: Imaginary Gardens with Real Toads
• Macfarlane, Robert (2007) `Romantic' Originality, in Original copy: plagiarism and originality in nineteenth-century literature, March 2007, pp. 18–50(33)
• Smith, Logan Pearsall (1924) Four words: romantic, originality, creative, genius, Oxford, Clarendon Press
• Waterhouse, Francis A. (1926) Romantic 'Originality' in The Sewanee Review, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Jan., 1926), pp. 40–49

Major Lazer
Major Lazer performing at Sasquatch 2011
Background information
Genres	Dancehall, reggae fusion, reggae, hip hop, electro house, daggering
Years active	2009–present
Labels	Downton, Mad Decent, Interscope
Associated acts	Diplo, Switch
Members
Diplo
Past members
Switch

Major Lazer is a musical project by DJ/Producer Diplo. Formerly a collaboration along with DJ/Producer Switch, they parted ways in late 2011.

Background[link]

Switch (left) and Diplo are the producers behind Major Lazer.

Made up of DJs Diplo and Switch, the two were introduced after working with M.I.A.. The duo's first album Guns Don't Kill People... Lazers Do was released on June 16, 2009, on Downtown Records. It was recorded in Jamaica at Tuff Gong Studios.^[1] Vocalists such as Santigold, Vybz Kartel, Ward 21, Busy Signal, Nina Sky, Amanda Blank, Mr. Vegas, Turbulence, Mapei, T.O.K, Prince Zimboo, Leftside and others contribute guest vocals to the album, as well as additional production from Afrojack and Crookers.^[2] This is the first release to come out of the label partnership between Downtown Records and Diplo's label Mad Decent.^[3] Major Lazer ended a US tour last summer.^[4] The album's first single was "Hold the Line", the video for which, directed by Ferry Gouw, was nominated for a MTV Video Award in the Breakthrough Video category. "Hold the Line" was also featured in the video game FIFA 10. The track "Zumbie" has a music video that features comedian Andy Milonakis.^[5] Music videos for the songs "Pon de Floor" and "Keep It Going Louder" were both directed by Eric Wareheim. Major Lazer performed at the Falls Music & Arts Festival (Lorne, Victoria, Australia) on the December 30, 2009, the Coachella Music Festival in April 2010^[6] they also performed at the Pitchfork Music Festival in July 2010 and the Sasquatch Music Festival on Monday May 30, 2011. Live visuals were created by Pomp&Clout. Major Lazer performed at the 2011 Outside Lands festival in San Francisco.

A mixtape with La Roux entitled "Lazerproof" was made available for free download on May 26.^[7] Diplo posted cover art on his Twitpic. It is the character Major Lazer in War Machine's silver suit, Elly Jackson of La Roux in the signature Iron Man suit, and Whiplash, the villain in the Iron Man 2 movie.

On June 20, 2010, the group released an EP titled "Lazers Never Die". It contained two new songs and three remixes, by Thom Yorke and others.

Major Lazer's live shows previously included hype man Skerrit Bwoy^[8] although Skerrit Bwoy left the group in 2012 to pursue religion.

Switch provided production for Beyoncé's "Run the World (Girls)", which sampled "Pon de Floor".

Switch has left the collaborative effort due to "creative differences" as claimed by Diplo. He departed in late 2011. Diplo is now the sole producer behind the project.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Guns Don't Kill People... Lazers Do (2009)
• TBA (2012)

EPs[link]

• Lazers Never Die (EP) (2010)
• Original Don (EP) (2011)

Mixtapes[link]

• Major Lazer Essential Mix (available as podcast) (2009)
• Lazerproof (with La Roux) (2010)
• Major Lazer Summer Mix (available as podcast) (2010)

Singles[link]

• "Hold The Line" (2009)
• "Zumbie" (2009)
• "Pon de Floor" ft Vybz Kartel (2009) 125 UK
• "Keep It Goin' Louder" (2009)
• "Jump Up" (2009)
• "Original Don" (2011)
• "Get Free" (2012)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Major Lazer on Myspace
• Major Lazer on Twitter
• Major Lazer's channel on YouTube

This article may contain improper references to self-published sources. Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources, where they are used inappropriately. (May 2012)

Christina Grimmie
Background information
Birth name	Christina Victoria Grimmie
Also known as	zeldaxlove64
Born	(1994-03-12) March 12, 1994 (age 18)
Origin	Marlton, New Jersey, U.S.
Genres	Pop, R&B, pop rock, dance-pop, hip-hop
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, pianist
Instruments	Vocals, Piano
Years active	2009–present
Labels	Creative Artists Agency
Associated acts	Selena Gomez & The Scene, Sam Tsui, Allstar Weekend
Website	www.christinagrimmieofficial.com
Notable instruments
Keyboard, piano

Christina Victoria Grimmie (born March 12, 1994), known on YouTube as zeldaxlove64,^[1] is a pianist and singer/songwriter known for her covers of hit songs by artists such as Demi Lovato, Selena Gomez, Christina Aguilera, Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber, Katy Perry and many more. In June 2011, she released her debut EP, Find Me.

YouTube recognition[link]

Christina Grimmie is best known for her cover with fellow Youtuber, Sam Tsui, of Nelly's "Just a Dream" which has had about 60 million views between the two official versions of the video as of May 15, 2012.^[2][3] Her first video was "I Don't Wanna Be Torn", originally by Hannah Montana. She first reached YouTube stardom early on with her cover of Miley Cyrus's "Party in the U.S.A." on August 2009.^[4] Since, she's had over 289 million views and over 1.5 million subscribers on her channel as of May 15, 2012, which has made her the 4th most subscribed musician on YouTube.^[5] She also placed at number 2 at the top 5 of the MyYoutube competition, behind Selena Gomez, and in front of Rihanna, Nicki Minaj and Justin Bieber.^[6]

Career[link]

Grimmie has performed in the UNICEF charity concert,^[7][8] and has also performed backup vocals for Selena Gomez & the Scene, and was on the 2011 first ever Digitour, specially designed for YouTube artists. She has appeared on the Billboard Social 50.^[9] Christina is currently being managed by stepfather of Selena Gomez, Brian Teefey. She also opened for Selena Gomez & the Scene, Allstar Weekend and the Jonas Brothers during the Concert of Hope. She toured for six weeks with Selena Gomez & the Scene opening for them in the We Own the Night Tour.^[10] She released an EP, entitled Find Me, on June 14, 2011.^[10] Her debut single 'Advice' was released to Radio Disney on June 11,^[11] with the music video, directed by Sean Babas, being released on July 19 on her Youtube channel. She appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show performing with fellow YouTuber, Tyler Ward, a cover to Lil Wayne's "How to Love" that aired on October 10, 2011.^[12] On November 20, 2011, Grimmie performed at the 39th American Music Awards of 2011 Pre-show alongside with Taio Cruz to a special rendition of "Higher". She also performed her song 'Not Fragile' at the American Music Awards of 2011 Coca-Cola Red Carpet Show along with Selena Gomez's band the Scene. Christina Grimmie was the special musical guest performing her hit song 'Advice' on Disney Channel's So Random! which premiered on December 11, 2011.^[13] In January 2012 she moved to Los Angeles to pursue her singing career, as she told fans on Facebook and Twitter. Grimmie was signed to Creative Artists Agency who have signed the likes of Chris Brown and Christina Aguilera in early April 2012 after moving to LA; she is currently working on a new album, as she told fans on Facebook and Twitter.

Discography[link]

• Find Me (2011)

Singles[link]

• 1."Advice"

Released: June 11, 2011

• 2."Liar Liar"

Released: October 3, 2011

Songs covered[link]

2009[link]

• "I Don't Wanna Be Torn" by Hannah Montana
• "Dear Friend" by Stacie Orrico
• "Party in the U.S.A." by Miley Cyrus
• "Catch Me" by Demi Lovato
• "Energy" by Keri Hilson
• "Don't Forget" by Demi Lovato
• "Never Say Never" by The Fray
• "Crazier" by Taylor Swift
• "Everytime You Lie" by Demi Lovato
• "When You Look Me in the Eyes" by Jonas Brothers
• "One Time" by Justin Bieber
• "Unfaithful" by Rihanna
• "My Heart Will Go On" by Céline Dion
• "What Hurts the Most" by Rascal Flatts
• "Apology" by Cristina Marie
• "Fireflies" by Owl City
• "Only Hope" by Switchfoot
• "The Way I Loved You" by Selena Gomez & The Scene
• "White Christmas" by Bing Crosby
• "When I Look at You" by Miley Cyrus

2010[link]

• "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada
• "Lift Me Up" by Christina Aguilera
• "The Voice Within" by Christina Aguilera
• "Naturally" by Selena Gomez & the Scene
• "Hey, Soul Sister" by Train
• "Baby" by Justin Bieber
• "Break Your Heart" (featuring Tiffany Alvord) by Taio Cruz
• "Hallelujah" by Leonard Cohen
• "Halo" by Beyoncé
• Medley: When I Look at You / Goodbye / 7 Things / See You Again / The Climb / If We Were a Movie / Before The Storm / Breakout / The Best of Both Worlds by Miley Cyrus
• "Telephone" by Lady Gaga feat. Beyoncé
• "Impossible" by Shontelle
• "Pyramid" by Charice feat. Iyaz
• "You Lost Me" by Christina Aguilera
• "Shark in the Water" by V V Brown
• Medley: Fallin' (Alicia Keys) / Walk Away (Christina Aguilera) / Alejandro (Lady Gaga) / Billionaire (Travie McCoy feat. Bruno Mars) / Airplanes (B.o.B feat. Hayley Williams) / Dynamite (Taio Cruz) / Tik Tok (Kesha) / California Gurls (Katy Perry feat. Snoop Dogg)
• Medley: Never Say Never (Justin Bieber) / Stay (Miley Cyrus)
• "A Year Without Rain" by Selena Gomez & the Scene
• "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" (featuring Alex Goot) by Usher feat. Pitbull
• "Beat It" by Michael Jackson
• "Hurt" by Christina Aguilera
• Medley: Just a Dream (Nelly) / Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars) / Teenage Dream (Katy Perry) / Animal (Neon Trees) / Firework (Katy Perry)
• "Just a Dream" (featuring Sam Tsui) by Nelly
• "Grenade" by Bruno Mars
• "All I Want for Christmas Is You" by Mariah Carey
• "A Little More Of Us" by Stereo Skyline

2011[link]

• "Firework" by Katy Perry
• "Jar of Hearts" by Christina Perri
• "Only Girl (In the World)" by Rihanna
• "Back to December" by Taylor Swift
• "Bad Romance" by Lady Gaga
• "F**kin' Perfect" by Pink
• "Through Glass" (featuring Mark Grimmie) by Stone Sour
• "Rolling in the Deep" by Adele
• "Pray" by Justin Bieber
• "Who Says" by Selena Gomez & the Scene
• "E.T." by Katy Perry
• "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green
• "Price Tag" by Jessie J feat. B.o.B
• "Bound to You" by Christina Aguilera
• "The Edge of Glory" by Lady Gaga
• "Set Fire to the Rain" by Adele
• Medley: Crushcrushcrush / The Only Exception / Decode / Misery Business by Paramore
• "Someone Like You" Adele
• "Skyscraper" by Demi Lovato
• "Billie Jean" (featuring Noah Guthrie) by Michael Jackson
• "Lonely Day" (featuring Mark Grimmie) by System of a Down
• "How to Love" (featuring Tyler Ward) by Lil Wayne
• "One and Only" by Adele
• "Your Song" by Elton John
• "Stereo Hearts" by Gym Class Heroes feat. Adam Levine
• "We Found Love" by Rihanna feat. Calvin Harris
• "It Will Rain" by Bruno Mars
• "The One That Got Away" by Katy Perry
• "O Holy Night" (Christmas carol)

2012[link]

• "I Won't Give Up" by Jason Mraz
• "I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston
• "Somebody That I Used to Know" by Gotye feat. Kimbra
• "Cinema (Skrillex Remix)" by Benny Benassi
• "Safe & Sound (song)" by Taylor Swift feat. The Civil Wars
• "In Christ Alone" by Owl City
• "The Dragonborn Comes" from Skyrim

Top 10 most viewed videos[link]

As of April 22 of 2012, the 10 most viewed videos uploaded by Grimmie are:^[14]

• ^1 The total views of "Just a Dream" are the combined views from Christina's and Sam's YouTube channels. The copy of the video on Christina's channel is second most-viewed with 11.7 million.

Filmography[link]

Awards & Nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website