Edo 江戸
—  Former city  —
Former location of Edo (present-day Tokyo)
Country	Japan
Castle built	1457
De facto capital	1603
Renamed Tokyo	1868
Population (1721)[1]
• Total	1,000,000

Edo (江戸, Edo^?, literally "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo. It was seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a "floating world".^[1]

History[link]

From the establishment of the Tokugawa bakufu's headquarters at Edo, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country the de facto capital was now Edo; it was the center of political power. Edo grew from what had been a small, little-known fishing village in 1457 to a metropolis with an estimated population of 1,000,000 by 1721 (the largest city in the world at the time).^[1][2]

Edo was repeatedly devastated by fires, with the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657 (in which an estimated 100,000 people died) the most disastrous. During the Edo period there were about 100 fires (most begun by accident, often quickly escalating and spreading through neighbourhoods of wooden machiya which were heated with charcoal fires. Between 1600 and 1945, Edo/Tokyo was leveled every 25–50 years or so by fire, earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions or war.

Map of Edo in the 1840s

In 1868, when the shogunate came to an end, the city was renamed Tokyo ("eastern capital"). The emperor moved his residence to Tokyo, making the city the formal capital of Japan:

• Keiō 4: On the 17th day of the 7th month (September 3, 1868), Edo was renamed Tokyo.^[3]
• Keiō 4: On the 27th day of the 8th month (October 12, 1868), Emperor Meiji was crowned in the Shishin-den in Kyoto.^[4]
• Keiō 4: On the eighth day of the ninth month (October 23, 1868), the nengō was formally changed from Keiō to Meiji and a general amnesty was granted.^[4]
• Meiji 2: On the 23rd day of the 10th month (1868), the emperor went to Tokyo and Edo castle became an imperial palace.^[4]

[edit] Magistrate

Scroll depicting the Great Fire of Meireki

Ishimaru Sadatsuga was the magistrate of Edo in 1661.^[5]

Government and administration[link]

During the Edo period, the shogunate appointed administrators (machi bugyō) with jurisdiction over the police and (beginning with the rule of Tokugawa Yoshimune) the fire department (machibikeshi). The machi bugyō heard criminal and civil suits, and performed other administrative functions.

Geography[link]

Chōnin-room exhibit at the Fukagawa Edo Museum

The city was laid out as a castle town around Edo Castle. The area surrounding the castle (known as the Yamanote) consisted largely of daimyō (feudal lords') mansions, whose families lived in Edo as part of the sankin kōtai system; the daimyō made journeys in alternating years to Edo, and used the mansions for their entourages. It was this extensive samurai (noble warrior class) population which defined the character of Edo, particularly in contrast to the two major cities of Kyoto and Osaka (neither of which were ruled by a daimyō or had a significant samurai population). Kyoto's character was defined by the Imperial Court, the court nobles, its Buddhist temples and its history; Osaka was the country's commercial center, dominated by the chōnin (merchant class).

Areas further from the center were the domain of the chōnin (町人, literally "townsfolk"). The area known as Shitamachi (下町, lit. "lower town" or "downtown"), northeast of the castle, was a center of urban culture. The ancient Buddhist temple of Sensō-ji still stands in Asakusa, marking the center of an area of traditional Shitamachi culture. Some shops in the streets near the temple have existed continuously in the same location since the Edo period.

The Sumida River (then called the Great River, 大川), ran along the eastern edge of the city. The shogunate's official rice-storage warehouses,^[6] other official buildings and some of the city's best-known restaurants were located here.

Nihonbashi in Edo, Ukiyo-e by Hiroshige

The Edo Bridge (江戸橋, Edo-bashi) marked the center of the city's commercial center, an area also known as Kuramae (蔵前, "in front of the storehouses"). Fishermen, craftsmen and other producers and retailers operated here. Shippers managed ships to and from Osaka (known as tarubune) and other cities, bringing goods into the city or transferring them from sea routes to river barges or land routes such as the Tōkaidō (which began there). This area remains the center of Tokyo's financial and business district.

The northeastern corner of the city, considered a dangerous direction in traditional onmyōdō (cosmology), is guarded from evil by a number of temples (including Sensō-ji and Kan'ei-ji). Beyond this were the districts of the eta (outcasts), who performed "unclean" work and were separated from the main parts of the city. A long dirt path extended west from the riverbank (a short distance north of the eta districts), leading along the northern edge of the city to the Yoshiwara pleasure districts. Previously located within the city proper (near Asakusa), the districts were rebuilt in this more-remote location after the Meireki Fire of 1657.

Gallery[link]

Edo, 1865 or 1866. Photochrom print. Five albumen prints joined to form a panorama. Photographer: Felice Beato

See also[link]

Tokyo portal

• Edo period
• Edo society
• Fires in Edo
• 1703 Genroku earthquake
• Edokko (native of Edo)
• History of Tokyo
• Iki (a Japanese aesthetic ideal)

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Gordon, Andrew. (2003). A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511060-9/ISBN 978-0-19-511060-9 (cloth); ISBN 0-19-511061-7/ISBN 978-0-19-511061-6.
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
• Sansom, George. (1963). A History of Japan: 1615–1867. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0527-5/ISBN 978-0-8047-0527-1.
• Akira Naito (Author), Kazuo Hozumi. Edo, the City that Became Tokyo: An Illustrated History. Kodansha International, Tokyo (2003). ISBN 4-7700-2757-5
• Alternate spelling from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Edo

• A Trip to Old Edo
• Fukagawa Edo Museum (Japanese)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012)

Giorgos Mazonakis (Greek: Γιώργος Μαζωνάκης) (born on March 4, 1972 in Nikaia, Greece) is a modern Laika and pop Greek singer.

Biography[link]

Giorgos Mazonakis born and raised in the neighbourhood of Nikaia, Athens. He grew up listening to traditional folk songs of Stratos Dionysiou, Yiannis Parios, Marinella and Haris Alexiou. Very quickly, at the age of 15, he realized his desire to become a singer. For the first time he sang at a nightclub in Patras, where in the summer of 1992 was discovered by executives of PolyGram Greece.

Giorgos Mazonakis' temperament, his unique interpretation and innovative views, changed the way of nightlife, with highly successful appearances at famous nightclubs in Athens.

At the same time, Mazonakis has made many appearances throughout Greece, Cyprus, Germany, Australia, and in several U.S. states including: New York, New Jersey, Atlantic City and Chicago. Also one of best hits was released in Italy on the occasion of the success there made the song "Mou Leipeis" (I miss you) song in an automobile ad campaign.

In 2002 the popular singer sang two songs of Stamatis Kraounakis on the soundtrack of the film by Nikos Panagiotopoulos titled Varethika Na Skotono tous Agapitikous Sou (I'm tired of killing your Boyfriends).

Mazonakis and Greek fashion house Deux Hommes collaborated at MadWalk by Vodafone. The Hurriyet, the largest circulation newspaper in Turkey, chose the nightclub Votanikos and George Mazonakis to present the nightlife of Athens. Mazonakis completed his appearances at Votanikos in March 2011 will visit Turkey after preparing a collaboration with a Turkish songwriter, continuing the cooperation that began with major Turkish songwriters in his latest album titled Ta Isia Anapoda.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

All the albums listed underneath were released and charted in Greece.

Live albums[link]

CD singles[link]

Compilations[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• On MySpace

Edin Osmić (born December 22, 1978), better known by his stage name Edo Maajka, is a Bosnian rapper, record producer and songwriter. His popularity brought his group, Disciplinska Komisijaa, which Frenkie is a part of, to the mainstream. His stage name literally means "Edo the Mother". He is currently the most sought after hip hop star in Bosnia and the surrounding countries.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Edin Osmić was born and raised in Brčko (at the time SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) where he finished his elementary schooling. In 1992 when the Bosnian war started, he left Bosnia and Herzegovina and went to Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, where he began attending secondary mechanical engineering school.^[1] After the war, he returned to Bosnia to study criminal law in Tuzla, but never graduated.^[1]

He took an interest in hip-hop when he was still in high school and began battling at the age of 15. He also recorded a few of his demos on his own, creating his own backing by beatboxing. He went to Tuzla and became a member of the hardcore rap group Diskord, later named Odbrana (Defence). The group became one of the best in the city of Tuzla and all of Bosnia. Their demo single "Odbrana '99" (Defence '99) was the hit of the year on the "Radio Hit" station in Brčko.^[1]

After a year of studying, he left school due to financial problems and returned to Zagreb to meet a friend (from the group Elemental) and recorded his first single "Minimalni rizik" (Minimum Risk) and, a month later, "Mahir i Alma". The songs were top hits on the Zagreb "Radio 101" station's show "Blackout" and the response was enthusiastic. The demo, "Mahir i Alma", became Kameleon's hit of 2001.^[2][3]

Career[link]

Debut album (2001 - 2004)[link]

Edo Maajka announced his debut album with the single Znaš me. He released his debut album, Slušaj mater, in the spring of 2002 under the Menart and Fmjam label. He released two more singles, Jesmo'l sami (Are we alone) at the end of 2002 and Prikaze (Spectres) at the beginning in 2003, which officially closed the album.^[4] He was featured by other artists, such as in "Teško je ful biti kul" by Hladno Pivo, "Rat" by Pioniri among others.

Second album (2004 - 2006)[link]

In April 2004, he released his second album No Sikiriki. On day one, the album sold 5000 copies.^[5] He toured until the end of the year to promote his second album. In 2005, Maajka toured the USA and Canada, visiting cities including Toronto, St. Louis, New York, Atlanta and Detroit, first time a Bosnian hip hop star has toured North America.^[6]

Third album (2006 - 2008)[link]

Recording of songs for the third studio album Stig'o Ćumur (Coal's Arrived) started in August 2005, and the album was released in March 2006. The first single was "To mora da je ljubav" (It Must Be Love) featuring Remi from Elemental), for which he shot the music video in Sarajevo. He started the promotion of his third album at the end of March, the day his album was released.

In January 2007, Maajka's single "Bomba" was featured in an episode of the TV series Sleeper Cell.^[7] In the summer of 2007, Maajka and his band decided to part, but remained good friends.^[8]

Fourth album (2008 - 2012)[link]

His fourth album was released on March 25, 2008. The album's name was changed from Sjeti Se to Idemo Dalje. In December 2008 the album received the name Balkansko a Naše. At the beginning of June he announced that he created a new band called TRNOKOP and the band premiered at the Rokajfest.^[9]

At the end of 2008, "Balkansko a Nase" came at number 36 of the year's top albums. ^[10]

In June 2010, he released his best off album Spomen ploča 2002-2009, but he redid the album with his newly formed band, where they would use band instruments as the music and softer vocals.^[11]

Edo Maajka was also featured as a judge and performer in the first Red Bull MC Battle that was held in Sarajevo, Bosnia on Arpil 23, 2010. The next year, he was the host for the Bosnian Red Bull MC Battle 2011. ^[12]

Fifth album (2012 - present)[link]

Edo announced that his 5th studio album, entitled Štrajk mozga, will be released in early 2012.^[13][14] The first music video and second single from his new album was released on December 26 2011 and is called "Panika".^[14]

Artistry[link]

Influences and rapping technique[link]

Edo Maajka has named several artists that have influenced him, including Rambo Amadeus, TBF, Safet Isović, Miladin Šobić, Azra, Zabranjeno Pušenje, Disciplina Kičme, Atomsko Sklonište, Majke, Rupa u Zidu among others.^[15]

His rapping technique is described as having a perfect flow,^[16] also his varied subject matter, connecting with his audience, carrying a concept over a series of albums and got most praised for his ability to write brilliant lyrics.^[16]

His lyrics have also been described as a variation in connecting emotionally to the viewer. As Anur Hadžiomerspahić says "once you start listening to a Edo Maajka song, when you first star listening it hits you, gives you goosebumps and grabs you by the throat, then the very next verse makes you laugh. ^[17]

Alter ego[link]

Edo Maajka has an alter ego or pseudonym that he names MC Berbo.^[18] He is described as a man who loves drugs, alcohol, fast and expensive cars, women and pop music.^[18] Edo maajka stated that the character of Berbo is the complete opposite of himself and that it is more of a joke than taken seriously.^[19]

Themes and lyrical content[link]

Edo Maajka started his career with storytelling songs with the demo songs of "Minimalni rizik" (small risk) and the storytelling/love songs "Mahir i Alma". He is known for his brilliant storytelling ability.^[1][16][20]

Personal life[link]

Business ventures[link]

In September 2006, Edo Maajka opened up a cafe bar called "No sikiriki", named after his second album.^[21] Along with beverages, the cafe also serves Edo's favorite food, cevapi.^[22]

Along with the cafe bar, he also plans to publish a weekly magazine which will only focus on positive things that are happening in everyday life and the music scene.^[23]

Legal issues[link]

Edo Maajka released his first single and music video for his third album, named "To mora da je ljubav", before his album came out, in which his producer. Koolade, used a the song "Cissy Strut" from 1969 by The Meters. Some media outlets^[who?] have criticized him for plagiarizing the music in the song. Edo answered back by saying "Sampling is not stealing. In hip hop you sample music, you take someones beat and rap on that beat. My album was postponed 1 week just because of that reason, while we waited for the authorization to use that song. The fact is that sometimes this waiting for authorization can be as long as one year, we redid the beat a little, gave credit to the author and not on us. You can see that the credit goes to the author on the inside cover of the album. Hip hop is made up of sampling, that is normal. On this particular track, Koolade is not named as the beat maker, but the author is.^[24] Remi, who is featured on the song, also gave a comment on the issue, saying that "That is not stealing, we are dealing with sampling of a already made song. You take one part of a song and combine it with your text. People who are not in hip hop don't usually know that this is a practice in this type of music.^[25]

Sports Hall Incident[link]

Edo maajka held a concert in the Sports Hall (Dom sportova) in 2005. The sponsor for the concert was T-mobile Croatia. Edo held a press conference before the concert where he criticized his sponsors for the firing of workers after they changed their "brand".^[25] He also explained his decision to work with a telecommunications monopoly by saying that he wanted his ticket for his concert to be 45 kuna or less.^[25] He added "you can only do that with a compromise, no one is criticizing Hladno Pivo that they sold out because their sponsor for the tour was Ozujka beer, whose owners are also foreigners".^[25]

Concert in Serbia controversy[link]

Bassivity (music label that released Edo Maajka's album in Serbia) promoted a concert fro Edo Maajka, unknown to Edo Maajka. When Edo was asked about this in an interview for Svet magazine, he replied "I don't know where this idea that I will promote my album in Belgrade came from? "Bassivity" did that promotion on their own. I don't plan to go to Serbia, at least in the coming months. I don't want to go to a country that promotes the burning of mosques, and yet thousands of young people are howling on the streets. If I come to Serbia for a album promotion, which I promised to do, I am sure that it will not be for a while."^[13] Svet also tried to bring some of Edo mistakes from the past to the light, in which they stated that he was supposed to have concert with Mile Kitic, but they never reveled the source for that.^[13] In the same interview, Svet made some untrue and false accusations against Edo Maajka and his family, saying that his brother ans sister "live from black marketing in Northern Bosnia" and that his close family live of pirate sales from his own albums.^[13]

UNICEF's Education Action in Bosnia[link]

Edo Maajka was one of three artists that was featured in UNICEF's education program in Bosnia against AIDS.^[26]

Refusal to air video spot[link]

At the end of November 2005, a month after Edo Maajka premiered his video for the single Mater Vam Jebem on MTV Adria, HTV and Nova TV refused to air that video spot based on the name of the song and some theorized because the songs lyrics were critical of the countries leaders and the media. ^[27].

Feuds[link]

Throughout his career Edo Maajka had several feuds, although most of them have been with artists that are not hip hop musicians.

Severina[link]

In 2004, a sex tape was released on the in internet that featured pop star Severina and Croatian business man Milan Lučić.^[28] Edo Maajka addressed this sex tape on the 2004 song "Kliše" (Cliche), in which he said "We all can rap, everyone can F*** Severina".^[29][30] Severina answered back in her 2004 summer single "Hrvatica" with the lyrics: "rappers raise a revolt, your kids are listening to the wrong mother (Maajka)".^[31] In the feud Croatian hip hop artist and producer Bizzo was almost pulled into the feud, as he was supposed to be in the video spot of the song "Hrvatica", where Severina calls out Edo Maajka, but after he talked to Severina, Bizzo found out that it contained those lyrics, mentioned earlier, and he backed out because he felt that it was a bad move on the part of Severina, but mostly because he thought the lyrics were geared towards the nationality of Edo Maajka, him being a Bosnian Muslim.^[32] A number of media outlets have criticized Severina for only going after Edo Maajka, determining that she went after him because he was more popular than she was in Croatia, yet he is not a Croatian.^[33] Also media have criticized her attack on Edo Maajka because others have made fun of her and named her in a number of songs about her sex tape, yet she failed to say anything to them, thus sustaining that the response to Edo Maajka was based on popularity and national orientation.^[32][33] Ironically, on the same album the Edo Maajka takes a shot at Severina, he lends support to her when she left her record company, but then the same record company released a best off album of hers after she left and Edo Maajka on hios single "Prziiii" states that "Come to Croatia Records we'll make you a male Severina, we'll release your album after you leave us", implying that the artist does not get any money from the sales.^[34]

• Relevant songs:
  • Edo Maajka, 2004 album: No sikiriki, song: Pržiiiii
  • Edo Maajka, 2004 album: No sikiriki, song: Kliše
  • Edo Maajka, 2006 album: Stig'o ćumur, song: Severina

Matija Dedić[link]

Matija Dedić did a song together with Severina, for which he was criticized by a part of the music scene.^[35] In an interview Matija Dedić stated "blame the one that came from the countryside and who is packing the Sports Hall (sometimes concerts are held there)".^[35] Edo Maajka answered him back by saying that "My man, you can come from the center of New York, but why are you blaming me because you worked with Severina."^[35]

Siniša Vuco[link]

This feud started when Edo Maajka was appearing more and more on TV, especially Croatian TV, while other artists, not necessarily hip hop artists, like Siniša Vuco were not, as he claims "allowed".^[36] Vuco said while describing one of his songs that the song in question is refereeing to Edo Maajka, calling him a Turk and criticizing him being on TV more than Vuco himself.^[36] Edo Maajka simply answered back with a small reference to Vuco in his 2006 song "Uši zatvori" (Close your ears), where he said "For what reason did Vuco call me a Turk".^[29][37]

• Relevant songs:
  • Edo Maajka, 2006 album: Stig'o ćumur, song: Uši zatvori

Alka Vuica[link]

After the release of Edo Maajka's the second studio album, he was promoting the album, which featured a number of TV spots and TV exposure such as interviews, concerts, etc... Alka Vuica in an interview for Jutarnji list said that only intellectuals listen to her and that Edo Maajka "stinks of sweat and over the TV". In the same interview she supported Severina in the her feud with Edo Maajka.^[38] Edo Maajka also anwered back to her calling him out in the song "Uši zatvori" (close your ears), with "Why did Alka say that I stink over the TV".^[29][37]

• Relevant songs:
  • Edo Maajka, 2006 album: Stig'o ćumur, song: Uši zatvori

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 2002 - Slušaj mater
• 2004 - No sikiriki
• 2006 - Stig'o ćumur
• 2008 - Balkansko a naše
• 2012 - Štrajk mozga

Compilation albums[link]

• 2010 - Spomen ploča 2002-2009

Singles[link]

• 2001: Znaš me
• 2002: Jesmo'l sami
• 2003: Prikaze
• 2003: Zlatna dolina
• 2004: No sikiriki
• 2004: Pržiiiii
• 2005: Obećana riječ
• 2005: Ne-mo-žeš
• 2005: Mater vam jebem
• 2006: To mora da je ljubav
• 2006: Bomba
• 2006: To što se traži
• 2007: Rek'o sam joj
• 2008: Gansi
• 2008: Svi su ošli na more
• 2008: Sve prolazi
• 2010: Ove godine
• 2011: Fotelja
• 2011: Imaš li ti šta para
• 2011: Panika
• 2012: Džigera beat

Filmography[link]

Documentaries[link]

In 2003, Davor Konjikušić and Mišo Babović made a documentary about Edo Maajka called "Trajno Nastanjeni Stranac" and it was a hit at the Zagreb Film Festival. HTV filmed a documentary about Edo called "Edo Maajka - Sevdah o Rodama". The documentary premiered July 27, 2007 on the Motovun Film Festival and Sunday October 28, 2007 Edo Maajka - Sevdah o Rodama premiered on HRT. It was featured in the Bosnian Chicago Film Festival, Unerhoert Music Film Festival in Hamburg and MOFFOM in Prague

• 2003 - Trajno Nastanjeni Stranac
• 2007 - Edo Maajka - Sevdah o Rodama

Movies[link]

• Bore Lee - Cuvaj se Sinjske Ruke - played himself

Animated[link]

• Brother Bear (in Bosnian) - voice
• Ice Age: The Meltdown (in Bosnian) - voice
• Chicken Little (in Bosnian) - voice
• Animal United - voice

Awards[link]

Davorin/Indexi Awards

Porin Awards

Zlatna Koogla Awards

Crni Mačak Awards

Tour dates and other events[link]

This is a list of events where Edo Maajka held concerts.

[edit] The 2004 No Sikiriki Tour

The following was the Edo Maajka's 2004 tour to promote his second album No Sikiriki. ^[39]

Date	City	Country	Venue	Notes
Europe
3 May 2004	Sarajevo	Bosnia
6 May 2004	Mostar	Bosnia
14 May 2004	Split	Croatia
15 May 2004	Slavonski Brod	Croatia
21 May 2004	Novska	Croatia
28 May 2004	Križevci	Croatia
29 May 2004	Čakovec	Croatia
2 June 2004	Karlovac	Croatia
4 June 2004	Koprivnica	Croatia
12 June 2004	Zagreb	Croatia	Šalata	101 radio concert
19 June 2004	Zadar	Croatia
8 July 2004	Zagreb	Croatia	Open air
9 July 2004	KRK	Croatia
16 July 2004	Koprivnica	Croatia
23 July 2004	Split	Croatia

The 2005 North American Tour[link]

This is Edo Maajka's North American tour that took place in 2005. This is the first time a Bosnian hip hop star held a tour in North America, specifically Canad and the United States of America. ^[40]

Date	City	Country	Venue	Notes
Europe
11 February 2005	Toronto	Canada	The Opera House
12 February 2005	Atlanta	United States	Platinum Room Club	The CBS center
18 February 2005	Detroit	United States
19 February 2005	St. Louis	United States	Europe Night Club
20 February 2005	New York	United States	Club Casino

[edit] Štrajk mozga album tour

The Štrajk mozga album tour.^[41]

Date	City	Country	Venue	Notes
Europe
21 April 2012	Graz	Austria	P.P.C. Club	With Frenkie and Dj Soul, opening acts: Kid Pex (vienna), Jack Deep (graz), AykayY (leoben), LP One and Headmaster (graz), Alko (linz)
11 May 2012	Zagreb	Croatia	Aquarius	with Frenkie and Dj Soul and guests: Kanđžija and dj Oli Doboli
12 May 2012	Tuzla	Bosnia	Sloboda	with Frenkie and Dj Soul
18 May 2012	Koruška	Slovenia	Club Direkt	with Frenkie and Dj Soul
19 May 2012	Bern	Switzerland	Jugend and Kulturzentrum Gaskessel	Support: Frenkie and Dj Soul, Guest stars: Lo and Leduc, organizer: Blackout Hip Hop
26 May 2012	Sarajevo	Bosnia	Dom Mladih	Dj Vadim (Ninja Tune, BBE), Baga Sound (FmJam), Dj Venom (Jabbaton), Dj Umbo (Goodgroove, Bombastic Jam), Audio InFunktion (Itison!FM), Repetitor VJz
30 May 2012	Ljubljana	Slovenia	Club Top	with Frenkie and Dj Soul

Misc. Tours[link]

This are miscellaneous tours. ^[42]

Date	City	Country	Venue	Notes
Europe
1 January 2011	Maribor	Slovenia	Disco Planet Maribor
27 December 2008	Split	Croatia	Kocka
3 December 2009	Ljubljana	Slovenia	Cvetličarna Mediapark
9 December 2009	Ljubljana	Slovenia	Kino Šiška
29 January 2005	Kopra	Croatia

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website (Bosnian)
• Fmjam (Bosnian)
• Edo Maajka's official myspace (Bosnian)
• Reuters article about Balkan hip hop

Marsha Ambrosius or Marsha is an English singer/songwriter. A former member of the English Soul/R&B duo Floetry, she released her first solo album Late Nights & Early Mornings on March 1, 2011.

Early career with Floetry[link]

Original Floetry members Marsha Ambrosius and Natalie Stewart met through their love of basketball and formed a friendship.^[1][2] Both Natalie and Marsha attended the Brit School for Performing Arts & Technology where Marsha studied business and finance and Natalie majored in Performing Arts, Media and Art. For college Ambrosius planned to attend the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia but could not due to an injury. Stewart attended Middlesex University in London and later transferred to North London University. During these years, both women continued to keep in touch. Stewart was a founding member of the performance poetry group 3 Plus 1 which was rising to critical acclaim throughout London, Birmingham, and Manchester. After inviting Ambrosius to join her on stage to perform at a spoken word night, where they debuted a piece that they had written together called "Fantasize", combining spoken word and singing, it seemed to make sense to combine the two and Floetry was born.^[3]

Group success[link]

In 2000, the duo travelled to the United States to perform on the poetry circuit. After frequenting spoken word/poetry spots in Atlanta, GA such as Yin Yang Poets' Cafe (to rave reviews), they moved on to Philadelphia.^[4] There they met Darren 'Limitless' Henson and Keith 'Keshon' Pelzer of DJ Jazzy Jeff's Touch Of Jazz studio and began recording. In 2002, they signed with DreamWorks Records and released their debut album Floetic, which featured the singles "Floetic", "Say Yes", and "Getting Late".^[5] The album was also released in the UK with additional tracks, one of which features British singer/songwriter and producer Sebastian Rogers.^[6]

Solo career[link]

Ambrosius has been featured on many songs including Styles P's "I'm Black"; The Game's "Start from Scratch" and "Why You Hate The Game" (also featuring Nas); Busta Rhymes' "Get You Some" and "Cocaina"; Nas' "Hustlers" (also featuring The Game); and Hi-Tek's "Music for Life" and Jamie Foxx's "Freak'in Me". The group has also collaborated with Earth, Wind & Fire on their most recent album, Illumination, on the track "Elevated". She collaborated once again with Nas on his song "If I Ruled The World '09" & has also done a track with Slum Village called "Cloud 9". In 2009, she guested on Wale's "Diary".

Ambrosius was signed to Dr. Dre's record label, Aftermath Entertainment, as a solo musician/song-writer/producer.^[7][8] Parting ways with the label in early 2009, Ambrosius pursued her song-writing/production career landing her placements with R&B and hip hop artists ranging from Alicia Keys, Raven-Symoné, Jamie Foxx and Mario to Fabolous, Slum Village and Wale.^[9][10] In summer 2009, Ambrosius was approached by numerous record labels offering her a solo deal after a long awaited performance at NYC's SOB's where a sold out crowd gathered to a show accompanied by The Roots and DJ Aktive. In December 2009, Ambrosius signed to J Records and her solo debut Late Nights & Early Mornings was released on March 1, 2011.^[11] "Hope She Cheats On You (With A Basketball Player)" was released as the album's first single on August 13, 2010.^[12] The song charted on the U.S. BillboardHot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and peaked at number twenty-two. "Far Away" was released as the album's second single on December 7, 2010.^[12][13][14]

In an interview with XXL magazine Tech N9ne mentions a possible collaboration with Ambrosius, Lil Wayne, and Eminem on a track titled "This is Hip-hop" for his upcoming solo album All 6's And 7's.^[15]

She won the Centric Award^[16] at the BET Awards of 2011. She is also being nominated for Best Female R&B Artist.^[17]

On October 7, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding J Records along with Arista Records and Jive Records. With the shutdown, Ambrosius (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release her future material on the RCA Records brand.^[18][19]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Singles[link]

• For discography of singles as a part of duo Floetry, see Floetry Discography

Appearances[link]

• 2001: "Butterflies" (Michael Jackson; Marsha on background vocals) (Invincible)^[27]
• 2002: "Cry Me A River" (Justin Timberlake; Marsha on background vocals) (Justified)^[28][29]
• 2002: "Take You High" (Glenn Lewis; Marsha on background vocals) (World Outside My Window)^[30]
• 2003: "Come Together"; "My Fondest Childhood Memories" (Macy Gray; Marsha on background vocals)(The Trouble With Being Myself)^[31]
• 2004: "Elevated" (Earth, Wind & Fire featuring Floetry) (Illumination)
• 2004: "Hear Me Cry" (Patti LaBelle featuring Floetry) (Timeless Journey)
• 2005: "Automatique" (Blackalicious featuring Floetry) (The Craft)
• 2005: "Im Black" (Styles P featuring Marsha) (Time is Money)^[32]
• 2005: "Start from Scratch" (The Game featuring Marsha) (The Documentary)^[33]
• 2006: "Get You Some" (Busta Rhymes featuring Q-Tip & Marsha) (The Big Bang)^[34]
• 2006: "Cocaina" (Busta Rhymes featuring Marsha) (The Big Bang)^[35]
• 2006: "Music For Life" (Hi-Tek featuring Marsha, Nas, J Dilla, Busta Rhymes & Common) (Hi-Teknology 2)^[36]
• 2006: "Hustlers" (Nas featuring The Game & Marsha) (Hip Hop Is Dead)^[37]
• 2006: "Why You Hate The Game" (The Game featuring Marsha & Nas) (Doctor's Advocate)^[38]
• 2007: "This Can't Be Real" (Freeway featuring Marsha Ambrosius) (Free at Last)^[39]
• 2007: "The Art Of Storytellin' Part 4" (DJ Drama featuring Outkast & Marsha Ambrosius) (Gangsta Grillz: The Album)^[40]
• 2007: "Reunion" (Ya Boy featuring Marsha Ambrosius) (Optimus Rime Mixtape)
• 2008: "What's Going On" (Marsha Ambrosius featuring The Game) (Single) / (Before L.A.X)
• 2008: "Wanna Go Back" (Solange featuring Marsha Ambrosius and Q-Tip) (SoL-AngeL and the Hadley St. Dreams)
• 2008: "The Light '08" (Common featuring Marsha Ambrosius)
• 2008: "Freak’in Me" Jamie Foxx feat. Marsha Ambrosius (Intuition)^[41]
• 2009: "If I Ruled the World '09" Nas feat. Marsha Ambrosius (Smirnoff: Signature Series)
• 2009: "Still Hurts" Macy Gray feat. Marsha Ambrosius (The Sellout)
• 2009: "Stay" Fabolous feat. Marsha Ambrosius (Loso's Way)^[42]
• 2009: "Take Me Away (With You)" Queen Latifah feat. Marsha Ambrosius (Persona)^[43]
• 2009: *Diary Wale Feat Marsha Ambrosius (Attention: Deficit)^[44]
• 2009 “A's & E's" Masta Ace & Ed O.G. Feat. Marsha Ambrosius (Arts & Entertainment)^[45]
• 2010: Be With You David Banner feat. Ludacris & Marsha Ambrosius
• 2010: All I Got To Give John Regan feat. Marsha Ambrosius (Sorry I'm Late)^[46]
• 2011: It's Alright Saigon feat. Marsha Ambrosius (The Greatest Story Never Told)^[47]
• 2012: Streets Gone Love Me Saint Nick feat. Marsha Ambrosius
• 2012: "Light Dreams" Tyga feat. Marsha Ambrosius ("Careless World: Rise of the Last King")

Note

All the above written or co-written by Marsha Ambrosius.

Writing credits[link]

• 2001: "Butterflies" - Michael Jackson (Invincible)^[27]
• 2002: "Simple Things", "Beautiful Eyes", "Lonely", "This Love", "Take You High" - Glenn Lewis (World Outside My Window)^[30]
• 2004: "My Man" - Angie Stone (Stone Love)^[48]
• 2006: "Circus" - Kelis (Kelis Was Here)
• 2007: "Go Ahead" - Alicia Keys (As I Am)^[49]
• 2008: "Wanna Go Back" - Solange featuring Marsha Ambrosius and Q-Tip (SoL-AngeL and the Hadley St. Dreams)
• 2008: "Love Me Or Leave Me" - Raven-Symoné (Raven-Symoné)^[50]
• 2008: "Welcome To The Alesha Show" - Alesha Dixon (The Alesha Show)^[51]
• 2008: "Do About It", "Mirror" - Girlicious (Girlicious)^[52]
• 2008: "Music (All I Need)" - Jazmine Sullivan
• 2009: "Matter" - Letoya - Lady Love
• 2009: "25 To Life" - JoJo - Jumping Trains

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Marsha Ambrosius on Twitter
• Marsha Ambrosius on Facebook
• Interview With YouKnowIGotSoul 3/12/10