- published: 05 Feb 2014
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Menander II Dikaios (Greek: Μένανδρος Β΄ ὁ Δίκαιος; epithet means "the Just") was an Indo-Greek King who ruled in the areas of Arachosia and Gandhara in the north of modern Pakistan.
Bopearachchi has suggested that Menander II reigned c. 90–85 BCE, whereas R. C. Senior has suggested c. 65 BCE. In that case, Menander II ruled remaining Indo-Greek territories in Gandhara after the invasion of Maues.
Menander II Dikaios may have belonged to the dynasty of Menander I Soter, the greatest of the Indo-Greek kings. It was long believed that there was only one king named Menander (see discussion under Menander I) as their portraits were rather similar and Menander II seems to have been a devout Buddhist, just as Menander I was, according to the ancient Buddhist scripture the Milindapanha.
On the other hand, the name Menander could well have been popular in the Indo-Greek kingdom, and the coins of Menander II are not very like those of Menander I nor of those other kings (such as Strato I) who are believed to have belonged to his dynasty. R. C. Senior links Menander II with the Indo-Greek king Amyntas, with whom he shares several monograms and also facial features such as a pointed nose and receding chin. He also suggests a close relation to the semi-Scythian king Artemidorus, son of Maues, since their coins use similar types and are often found together.
Menander (/məˈnændər/; Greek: Μένανδρος, Menandros; c. 342/41 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy. He was the author of more than a hundred comedies, and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the City Dionysia is unknown but may well have been similarly spectacular.
One of the most popular writers of antiquity, his work was lost in the Middle Ages and is known in modernity in highly fragmentary form, much of which was discovered in the 20th century. Only one play, Dyskolos, has survived almost entirely.
Menander was the son of well-to-do parents; his father Diopeithes is identified by some with the Athenian general and governor of the Thracian Chersonese known from the speech of Demosthenes De Chersoneso. He presumably derived his taste for comic drama from his uncle Alexis.
He was the friend, associate, and perhaps pupil of Theophrastus, and was on intimate terms with the Athenian dictator Demetrius of Phalerum. He also enjoyed the patronage of Ptolemy Soter, the son of Lagus, who invited him to his court. But Menander, preferring the independence of his villa in the Piraeus and the company of his mistress Glycera, refused. According to the note of a scholiast on the Ibis of Ovid, he drowned while bathing, and his countrymen honored him with a tomb on the road leading to Athens, where it was seen by Pausanias. Numerous supposed busts of him survive, including a well-known statue in the Vatican, formerly thought to represent Gaius Marius.
Menander
Menander
Menander the great
Menander the Great Tetradrachm s.155-130 BC
Menander's Grouch, Part 1: Prologue
Pompeii. House of the Menander I.10.4
House of the Menander at Pompeii (I.10.4) with the Service Quarters
Syriac Menander
Ancient Music - Trochaic Fragment + Four Settings From Menander's 'Epitrepontes'
House of Menander 1
Within the High School Project "Spirit of Anthic Olympism" by Gimnazija Indjija, a group of pupils staged Menander's Grouch. Pan [enters from shrine] Think of this place as a part of Attike Phyle, to be exactand the Nymphs' shrine I've come from belongs to the Phylasians(...) This farmstead — the one here on the right Knemon lives there, a man who shuns other men, grouches at everyone, and dislikes crowds. — Did I say "crowds"? (...)He has gladly talked in his life to no one, has spoken first to no one except — of necessity, since he is a neighbor and passes by — me, Pan. And he immediately regrets it, I'm sure. Anyhow, with a character like this, he still got married. His wife was a widow whose first husband had just di...
The House of the Menander at Pompeii is so-called because of a painting of the Greek playwright. The house lies close to the theatre in central southern Pompeii and is one of the town's biggest though you would never guess from the outside. It is built round key visual axes, one of which is the view from the fauces entrance passageway right through the house and across the peristyle. The house was modified and enlarged over a long period of time and has been the subject of a recent massive programme of analysis and restoration. Despite this, it is still not open to the public and has to be accessed through a special permit from the Soprintendenza. The house is part of the prescribed content for the UK-based OCR examination board's A-level paper in Classical Civilisation called Cities of Ro...
This is another walk-round the House of the Menander at Pompeii, this time starting in the extreme south-west in what are called the farm buildings alongside the slave quarters. Here equipment was stored for farming land outside the city walls. These rooms are not decorated and were accessed via an L-shaped corridor that ran behind the house's tricinlium. A side entrance to the house led to this corridor via a hall and led up to the peristyle. You can see how this enabled slaves to carry food and drink to the house's owners and how it must have felt walking up the narrow corridor to the grand painted rooms that surrounded the peristyle and atrium. The House of the Menander has been expensively restored but is rarely open to the public. This film was shot in October 2010 on one of those rar...
"Menander " the Sage said: ..." These words introduce a collection of wisdom sayings written in the Syriac language. The purpose of the author in drawing up this anthology of maxims was to show his readers how they could best live in a world in which good and evil, misfortune and fortune are mingled in an unpredictable way. Passing through a world of this nature, people need to be provided with direction, and the author gives such guidance by means of various counsels. The work is often designated a florilegium, and this seems to be a fairly good name for the collection, whose maxims have apparently been taken from the current stream of wisdom tradition. The exact number of sayings in the collection is not certain. In the present translation of the Florilegium, I have divided the text in...
Ancient Sumerians/Egyptians/Greeks -- a reconstruction of the few fragments of actual music that survived the ancient world, played on period instruments. Ancient music is music that developed in literate cultures, replacing prehistoric music. Ancient music refers to the various musical systems that were developed across various geographical regions such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, India, China, Greece and Rome. Ancient music is designated by the characterization of the basic audible tones and scales. It may have been transmitted through oral or written systems. Among the Hurrian texts from Ugarit are some of the oldest known instances of written music, dating from c.1400 BC. A reconstructed hymn is replayed at the Urkesh webpage. Kilmer's tentative decipherment of the cuneiform table...