The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com:80/VH1
Tuesday, 23 October 2012
After Show: DMX's Breakdown on VH1's Couples Therapy
NWA The World's Most Dangerous Group VH1 Rock Docs
Jim Jones/ Juelz Bring VH1's Love & Hip Hop to Atlantic Audi West Islip
Warren Zevon - VH1(Inside)Out - Part 1/3 (HD)
VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1988
Beyonce Knowles VH1 Driven Part 1
Pearl Jam - VH1 Rock Honors 2008 - The Who
It (Of Vh1) & Goons Jacked Soulja Boy For His SODMG Chain? LOL
Lisa
VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1985
It From VH1 Disses Lil Duval For Clowning Him On Twitter!
Evanescence - Lithium (Acoustic live @ VH1)

Vh1

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After Show: DMX's Breakdown on VH1's Couples Therapy
  • Order:
  • Published: 26 Apr 2012
  • Duration: 7:14
  • Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Author: WendyWilliamsShow
Even though Kim Zolciak was with a married man in the past, Wendy's happy that she found love with Kroy. Then, Wendy is left with only two words when she thinks about celebrating her 500th show this May 23rd. Plus, find out what Wendy thought about all the hateful comments people were posting on Twitter about DMX's tearful reunion with his mother on VH1's "Couples Therapy." Take a look.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/After Show: DMX's Breakdown on VH1's Couples Therapy
NWA The World's Most Dangerous Group VH1 Rock Docs
  • Order:
  • Published: 28 Apr 2012
  • Duration: 1:03:47
  • Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Author: pjdoubleyou
VH1's NWA The World's Most Dangerous Group documentary...
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/NWA The World's Most Dangerous Group VH1 Rock Docs
Jim Jones/ Juelz Bring VH1's Love & Hip Hop to Atlantic Audi West Islip
  • Order:
  • Published: 17 Dec 2011
  • Duration: 2:08
  • Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Author: streetinfo
In this clip you will see Kraze and #TeamIndustrymuscle behind the scenes with Jim Jones and Juelz Santana for a filming of a episode of the popular Vh1 Reality show " LOVE AND HIPHOP" This is the episode where Jimmy picks up his new Audi A8L from ATLANTIC AUDI WEST ISLIP. Film & Edited By @MoneyMarv
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/Jim Jones/ Juelz Bring VH1's Love & Hip Hop to Atlantic Audi West Islip
Warren Zevon - VH1(Inside)Out - Part 1/3 (HD)
  • Order:
  • Published: 02 Apr 2011
  • Duration: 13:57
  • Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Author: WarrenZevonAddict
"Bruce Springsteen walks into the studio where Warren Zevon is recording his final album and delivers a magnificent and inspired guitar solo, the sort of performance that only occurs when a musicmaker is truly inspired to leave his mark. Standing at death's doorstep and given three months to live late last year, Warren Zevon went on a writing and recording rampage that resulted on a winning album, "The Wind", and he wisely allowed cameras to follow him through his last public moves. "(Inside)Out" is a heartbreaker not just for fans of this one-of-a-kind artist but for anyone who loves sardonic and writing to go with their music." ----- Phil Gallo, Daily Variety. "A visceral document of a man determined to squeeze the most out of his remaining time on earth." ----- Frank DiGiacomo, The New York Observer. "Watch it with someone you care about." ----- Erik Pedersen, Hollywood Reporter. Featuring guest appearances: Jackson Browne, Billy Bob Thornton, Bruce Springsteen, Jorge Calderon, Ry Cooder, Waddy Wachtel, Don Henley, Stevie Nicks, Mike Fleetwood, Tom Petty, Timothy B.Schmit, Joe Walsh, Dwight Yoakam, David Lindley, David Letterman... If you want to watch the entire documentary, follow this link: www.youtube.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/Warren Zevon - VH1(Inside)Out - Part 1/3 (HD)
VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1988
  • Order:
  • Published: 10 May 2012
  • Duration: 41:53
  • Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Author: RetroTV85
This is the 1988 episode of the VH1 series, I Love the '80s. All copyrights owned by VH1.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1988
Pearl Jam - VH1 Rock Honors 2008 - The Who
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Oct 2010
  • Duration: 8:47
  • Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Author: julio2112cesar
Pearl Jam - VH1 Rock Honors 2008 - The Who Love, Reign O'er Me The Real Me From 1973 Album: Quadrophenia
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/Pearl Jam - VH1 Rock Honors 2008 - The Who
It (Of Vh1) & Goons Jacked Soulja Boy For His SODMG Chain? LOL
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Jun 2010
  • Duration: 4:59
  • Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Author: Bam Gates
Kwame "It" Smalls Of VH1 With some hood goons claiming they jacked Soulja Boy & Drop a Pretty Boy Swag Freestyle "WSHH"
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/It (Of Vh1) & Goons Jacked Soulja Boy For His SODMG Chain? LOL
Lisa
  • Order:
  • Published: 08 May 2011
  • Duration: 4:00
  • Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Author: BlackBuddaflyFanPage
TLC member, Left Eye, ranks at #46 & #33 on Vh1's 2009 countdown show, Most Shocking Moments in Music
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes on Vh1 Most Shocking Moments in Music
VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1985
  • Order:
  • Published: 09 May 2012
  • Duration: 42:12
  • Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Author: RetroTV85
This is the 1985 episode of the VH1 series, I Love the '80s. All copyrights owned by VH1.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1985
It From VH1 Disses Lil Duval For Clowning Him On Twitter!
  • Order:
  • Published: 11 Jul 2010
  • Duration: 4:29
  • Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Author: travone771
It From VH1 Disses Lil Duval For Clowning Him On Twitter! "What Shows Have You Been On. Have You Even Been On TV?. Just Apologize Or I Might Have To Make A Video About You. Chill Out"
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/It From VH1 Disses Lil Duval For Clowning Him On Twitter!
Evanescence - Lithium (Acoustic live @ VH1)
  • Order:
  • Published: 31 Mar 2007
  • Duration: 3:49
  • Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Author: phallannax
awesome live performance by amy lee
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/Evanescence - Lithium (Acoustic live @ VH1)
Soulja Boy Responds To It (Of Vh1) & The Fake Ebay Chain Snatchin!
  • Order:
  • Published: 17 Jun 2010
  • Duration: 4:12
  • Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Author: kendrellp
Soulja Boy Responds To It (Of Vh1) & The Fake Ebay Chain Snatchin
http://web.archive.org./web/20121023112037/http://wn.com/Soulja Boy Responds To It (Of Vh1) & The Fake Ebay Chain Snatchin!
Even though Kim Zolciak was with a married man in the past, Wendy's happy that she found love with Kroy. Then, Wendy is left with only two words when she thinks about celebrating her 500th show this May 23rd. Plus, find out what Wendy thought about all the hateful comments people were posting on Twitter about DMX's tearful reunion with his mother on VH1's "Couples Therapy." Take a look.
7:14
After Show: DMX's Break­down on VH1's Cou­ples Ther­a­py
Even though Kim Zol­ci­ak was with a mar­ried man in the past, Wendy's happy that she fou...
pub­lished: 26 Apr 2012
63:47
NWA The World's Most Dan­ger­ous Group VH1 Rock Docs
VH1's NWA The World's Most Dan­ger­ous Group doc­u­men­tary......
pub­lished: 28 Apr 2012
2:08
Jim Jones/ Juelz Bring VH1's Love & Hip Hop to At­lantic Audi West Islip
In this clip you will see Kraze and #Tea­mIn­dus­try­mus­cle be­hind the scenes with Jim Jones a...
pub­lished: 17 Dec 2011
Au­thor: street­info
13:57
War­ren Zevon - VH1(In­side)Out - Part 1/3 (HD)
"Bruce Spring­steen walks into the stu­dio where War­ren Zevon is record­ing his final al...
pub­lished: 02 Apr 2011
41:53
VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1988
This is the 1988 episode of the VH1 se­ries, I Love the '80s. All copy­rights owned by V...
pub­lished: 10 May 2012
Au­thor: RetroTV85
14:59
Be­y­once Knowles VH1 Driv­en Part 1
...
pub­lished: 27 Jul 2011
Au­thor: dc3­forever1
8:47
Pearl Jam - VH1 Rock Hon­ors 2008 - The Who
Pearl Jam - VH1 Rock Hon­ors 2008 - The Who Love, Reign O'er Me The Real Me From 1973 A...
pub­lished: 16 Oct 2010
4:59
It (Of Vh1) & Goons Jacked Soul­ja Boy For His SODMG Chain? LOL
Kwame "It" Smalls Of VH1 With some hood goons claim­ing they jacked Soul­ja Boy &a...;
pub­lished: 16 Jun 2010
Au­thor: Bam Gates
4:00
Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes on Vh1 Most Shock­ing Mo­ments in Music
TLC mem­ber, Left Eye, ranks at #46 & #33 on Vh1's 2009 count­down show, Most Shoc­ki...
pub­lished: 08 May 2011
42:12
VH1 - I Love the '80s - 1985
This is the 1985 episode of the VH1 se­ries, I Love the '80s. All copy­rights owned by V...
pub­lished: 09 May 2012
Au­thor: RetroTV85
4:29
It From VH1 Diss­es Lil Duval For Clown­ing Him On Twit­ter!
It From VH1 Diss­es Lil Duval For Clown­ing Him On Twit­ter! "What Shows Have You Been O...
pub­lished: 11 Jul 2010
Au­thor: travone771
3:49
Evanes­cence - Lithi­um (Acous­tic live @ VH1)
awe­some live per­for­mance by amy lee...
pub­lished: 31 Mar 2007
Au­thor: phal­lan­nax
4:12
Soul­ja Boy Re­sponds To It (Of Vh1) & The Fake Ebay Chain Snatchin!
Soul­ja Boy Re­sponds To It (Of Vh1) & The Fake Ebay Chain Snatchin...
pub­lished: 17 Jun 2010
Au­thor: kendrellp
7:25
"It" (VH1) Apol­o­gizes To Soul­ja Boy For Fake Chain In­ci­dent + Find Your Love Freestyle
It re­sponds to soul­ja boy video...
pub­lished: 20 Jun 2010
Au­thor: DreTheBest23
Vimeo results:
3:28
Yeasay­er "Wait for the Sum­mer"
Mix­tape Club pre­sents the of­fi­cial music video for Yeasay­er's "Wait For The Sum­mer". Inspi...
pub­lished: 19 Apr 2009
Au­thor: Mix­tape Club
1:03
A Sneak-Pre­view of Brooke Hogan's "Falling!"
This is a sneak pre­view of Brooke Hogan's smash sin­gle fea­tur­ing Stack$, "Falling." Video ...
pub­lished: 09 May 2009
1:53
Plen­ty™ Reel 2010
This is a mon­tage of Plen­ty's works dur­ing 2010, plus some dear pro­jects that Gula and Pla...
pub­lished: 26 Oct 2010
Au­thor: Plen­ty
0:00
Vh1's 40 Great­est Pranks
Our U2 Mis­sion on Vh1 More info: http://​www.​improveverywhere.​com/​mission_​view.​php?​missio...​
pub­lished: 09 Jan 2006

Youtube results:
8:35
It Of Vh1 Pimp Baby Momma At A Junk Yard So Thirsty Dudes Could Grab Her Cheeks For $1
www.​dolobeats.​com The Hottest Beats For Artists & Best Sounds For Pro­duc­ers...
pub­lished: 16 May 2011
4:06
PSY - VH1 Morn­ing Buzz Live with Car­rie and Jason
PSY recre­ates his "Gang­nam Style" video with Car­rie and Jason on VH1 Morn­ing Buz...
pub­lished: 29 Aug 2012
5:50
In­cubus - Live @ VH1 Rock Hon­ors
In­cubus cov­er­ing I Can See for Miles and I Can't Ex­plain @ VH1 Rock Hon­ors hon­or­ing Th...
pub­lished: 31 Jan 2010
4:31
Mob Wives Chica­go | Su­per­trail­er | VH1
Mob Wives Chica­go pre­mieres June 10 at 8/7c on VH1! If you thought the women of Stat­en Isl...
pub­lished: 25 May 2012
Au­thor: VH1




  • File - Stevie Wonder, left, and Whitney Houston perform during the ''VH1 Divas'' duets show Thursday, May 22, 2003 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas.
    AP / Joe Cavaretta
  • Alexis Arquette attending VH1's
    Creative Commons / Toglenn
  • SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. (Nov. 15, 2002)--Creed shows their support for the Coast Guard during a VH1 concert from Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. The Coast Guard Cutter Tern escorted Creed to Alcatraz Island and Creed showed off their new Coast Guard ball caps. USCG photo by PA3 Barry Lane (85454) ( ROCK BAND
    US Coastguard / PA3 Barry Lane
  • Lauren Conrad 2009 VH1 Divas 2
    Creative Commons / Ron whisky
  • SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. (Nov. 15, 2002)--Creed shows their support for the Coast Guard during a VH1 concert from Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. The Coast Guard Cutter Tern escorted Creed to Alcatraz Island and Creed showed off their new Coast Guard ball caps. USCG photo by PA3 Barry Lane (85457) ( ROCK BAND
    US Coastguard / PA3 Barry Lane
  • Kenan Thompson (born May 10, 1978) is an American actor and comedian who is currently a cast member of Saturday Night Live. He is also known for his title role in Fat Albert, for starring as Kenan Rockmore in the sitcom Kenan & Kel, and as a former cast member of All That. He resides in Los Angeles. He ranks at #88 on VH1's 100 Greatest Teen Stars. He is also a voice actor, starring in LeBron and Kobe Nike commercials with David Alan Grier and Bobb'e J. Thompson.
    Creative Commons / Daniel Arnold
  • Jessica Simpson performs during the VH1 Divas show at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Sunday, April 18, 2004.
    AP / Joe Cavaretta
  • VH1's Dad Camp
    WN / Jeffery M. Leving, Esq.
  • VH1's Dad Camp
    WN / Jeffery M. Leving, Esq.
  • Miley Cyrus performs during the VH1 Divas concert on Thursday, Sept. 17, 2009 in New York.
    AP / Jason DeCrow
  • Ozzy Osbourne performs during the VH1 Rock Honors concert at the Mandalay Bay hotel-casino nf2
    APphoto
  • Singer Eve arrives at the 4th Annual VH1 Hip Hop Honors ceremony at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York, Thursday, Oct. 4, 2007. (AP Photo/Peter Kramer) nf2
    APphoto
  • Bob Ritchie, known as Kid Rock, watches a Detroit Pistons game in Auburn Hills, Mich., Oct. 29, 2003. On Sunday, Dec. 14, 2003, Kid Rock appears in his own televised holiday special
    AP Photo/Paul Sancya, File
  • Chloe Sevigny attends a party presented by Old Navy and VH1 to celebrate the 100th episode of Best Week Ever, held at Marquee, Wednesday, August 2, 2006 in New York. (AP Photo/Kristie Bull/graylock.com)
    AP/Kristie Bull/graylock.com
  • Actor Ken Davitian arrives at the VH1 Big in ´06 Awards in Culver City, Calif. on Saturday, Dec. 2, 2006. (AP Photo/Matt Sayles)
    AP/Matt Sayles
  • Actor George Takei arrives at the VH1 Big in ´06 Awards in Culver City, Calif. on Saturday, Dec. 2, 2006. (AP Photo/Matt Sayles)
    AP/Matt Sayles
  • ag2 Eddie Money performing at Hard Rock Live, in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 back to the Eighties tour. He released his first album in 1977 with his first hit,
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 Eddie Money performing at Hard Rock Live, in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 back to the Eighties tour. He released his first album in 1977 with his first hit,
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 Eddie Money performing at Hard Rock Live, in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 back to the Eighties tour. He released his first album in 1977 with his first hit,
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 Eddie Money performing at Hard Rock Live, in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 back to the Eighties tour. He released his first album in 1977 with his first hit,
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 Eddie Money performing at Hard Rock Live, in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 back to the Eighties tour. He released his first album in 1977 with his first hit,
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 The group Scandal popular in the 80´s performing at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 80´s tour.
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 Loverboy performing at Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 eighties Tour. a Canadian rock and roll group which was very popular in the 1980s in North America, accumulating numerous hit songs in Canada and the United States, maki
    WN / aruna
  • ag2 Loverboy performing at Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida as part of the VH1 eighties Tour. a Canadian rock and roll group which was very popular in the 1980s in North America, accumulating numerous hit songs in Canada and the United States, maki
    WN / aruna


Photo: AP / Geert vanden Wijngaert
Luxembourg's Prince Guillaume and Countess Stephanie kiss on the balcony of the Royal Palace after their wedding in Luxembourg, Saturday, Oct. 20, 2012.
The Examiner
21 Oct 2012
Related topics Royal WeddingsLuxembourg Royal WeddingCountess Stephanie de Lannoy Advertisement Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg and Countess Stephanie de Lannoy of Belgium were married earlier today in...



Photo: AP / Thao Nguyen
Lance Armstrong speaks during an interview in Austin, Texas, Tuesday, Feb. 15, 2011.
CBC
22 Oct 2012
Cycling's governing body agreed Monday to strip Lance Armstrong of his seven Tour de France titles and ban him for life, following a report from the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency that accused him of leading...



Photo: US Army / Brendan Mackie
US paying price for focus on size of Afghan forces
Stars and Stripes
21 Oct 2012
Top Pentagon leaders, White House advisers and members of Congress from both parties have long regarded the rapid expansion of Afghanistan’s army and police as a crucial element of the U.S. exit...



Photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick
Goddess Durga Idol at  pandal  in South  Kolkata on 19 October 2012
The Times of India
22 Oct 2012
KANPUR: The beautifully decorated pandals and fun events organised in them offered a bouquet of Bengali culture and modern entertainment to residents of industrial city on the second day of Durga Puja...



Photo: AP / Hussein Malla
Lebanese Army soldiers deploy after overnight clashes between Sunni and Shiite gunmen in Beirut, Lebanon, Monday, Oct. 22, 2012.
Al Jazeera
22 Oct 2012
Gunfights have broken out in several areas of Lebanon following the funeral of the senior intelligence official, Wissam al-Hassan on Sunday. At least three people were killed as Sunni and Shia gunmen...





Jamaica Observer
23 Oct 2012
JAMAICA-born, America-based singer Tracy Night is determined to make a big impact on the local entertainment scene. She is currently promoting singles...



Tulsa World
23 Oct 2012
The following information was not available when the TV World went to press. 7 a.m. (8) (8) Good Morning America Taylor Swift; Pat Houston; "Dancing With the Stars." (HD) (CC) (9) (2) Today "Law &...



Stockhouse
23 Oct 2012
-- Monster's next-generation audio line that supports music, the importance of sound, and the social causes the entertainment community cares most about will be unveiled globally across CMT, COMEDY...



Stockhouse FEATURED ARTISTS INCLUDE: TRAIN, NE-YO, CARRIE UNDERWOOD, NICOLE SCHERZINGER, GYM CLASS HEROES AND TONI BRAXTON AS WELL AS UPDATED EPISODES FEATURING T.I. AND P!NK New Season Premiering Sunday, September 16, 2012 at 9pm ET/PT VH1.com Expands the Franchise with Companion Series "Behind the Song"...(size: 14.5Kb)
Stockhouse Time Warner Cable customers now have another way to enjoy Viacom programming anytime, anywhere. In addition to watching Viacom networks via TWC TV, which brings live TV at no additional cost to customers on their computers, iOS and Android devices within the home, they can now access an expanded...(size: 2.9Kb)
Stockhouse Taking A Seat On The Therapist Couch This Season Are Alex McCord & Simon van Kempen, Shayne & Nik Lamas-Richie, Todd "Too Short" Shaw & Monica Payne, Joel "JoJo" & Tashaunda "Tiny" Hailey, and Doug Hutchison & Courtney Stodden Dr. Jenn Berman Will Serve as Therapist and Host for the Series LOS...(size: 4.1Kb)
Stockhouse Daphne Wayans Joins Cast as Newest Member of the Real Ex-Wives Club Featuring Nicole Murphy, Jessica Canseco, Sheree Fletcher, Mayte Garcia and Andrea Kelly NEW YORK, Sept. 12, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- VH1 has greenlit a second season of the hit docu-drama series, "Hollywood Exes." The network's...(size: 3.2Kb)
Stockhouse http://media.marketwire.com/attachments/201205/45309_43733_HP_Blue_RGB_72_MD.gifhttp://at.marketwire.com/accesstracking/AccessTrackingLogServlet?PrId=930420&ProfileId=051205&sourceType=1 PALO ALTO, CA -- (Marketwire) -- -- HP (NYSE: HPQ) showcased the powerful integration of technology and...(size: 11.5Kb)
Stockhouse More Than 10,000 People Rocked Out At the Arena Monterrey In one of the Most Anticipated Nights of the Year MTV World Stage Linkin Park Will Premiere On October 5th followed by MTV World Stage Garbage on October 12th on MTV Latin America Tweet-it: @garbage & @linkinpark rocked out with more than 10K...(size: 4.5Kb)
Stockhouse Pam Kaufman, Chief Marketing Officer at Nickelodeon and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles to Ring the NASDAQ Stock Market Closing Bell ADVISORY, Sept. 13, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- What: Viacom Inc., a leading global entertainment content company, will visit the NASDAQ MarketSite in Times Square. Viacom,...(size: 4.5Kb)
VH1
Current VH1 logo
Launched January 1, 1985
Owned by Viacom
Picture format 16:9 (1080i, HDTV)
Slogan Watch and discuss
Country United States
Language English
Headquarters New York City, United States
Formerly called VH-1: Video Hits One
VH1: Music First
Sister channel(s) MTV, VH1 Soul, VH1 Classic
Website VH1.com
Availability
Satellite
DirecTV (U.S.) 335 (SD/HD)
1335 (VOD)
Dish Network (U.S.) 162 (SD/HD)
Yes (Israel) 76
Tata Sky (India) 725
Airtel digital TV (India) 386
Videocon_d2h (India) 557
Cable
Available on many cable systems Check local listings for specific channels
IPTV
Verizon FiOs 217
Part of a series on

MTV
  in the United States  

MTV channels
MTV2 · Tr3�?s · mtvU

MTV programs

MTV personalities

Censorship on MTV

MTV Networks

VH1 or Vh1 (known as VH-1: Video Hits One from 1985 to 1994) is an American cable television network based in New York City. Launched on Tuesday January 1, 1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting's short-lived Cable Music Channel, the original purpose of the channel was to build on the success of MTV by playing music videos, but targeting a slightly older demographic than its sister channel, focusing on the lighter, softer side of popular music. The channel was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and owner of MTV. Both VH1 and its sister channel MTV are currently part of the MTV Networks division of corporate parent Viacom. While VH1 still occasionally plays music videos and the Top 20 Video Countdown, its more recent claim to fame has been in the area of music-related reality programming, such as Behind the Music, the I Love the... series, the Celebreality block of programming, and the channel's overall focus on popular culture.[1]

Contents

Early history of VH-1 (1985–1994)[link]

Format and VJs[link]

File:VH1 85-94 logo.png
The second VH1 logo used from 1987 to 1994.

VH-1's aim was to focus on the lighter, softer side of popular music,[1] including such musicians as Carly Simon, Tina Turner, Elton John, Billy Joel, Eric Clapton, Sting, Donna Summer, Rod Stewart, Kenny G, and Anita Baker, in hopes of appealing to people aged 18 to 35, and possibly older. Also frequently featured in the network's early years were "videos" for Motown and other 1960s oldies consisting of newsreel and concert footage. It was introduced on January 1, 1985 with the video performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Marvin Gaye.[1]

From the start, Video Hits One was branded as an urban version of its sister/parent channel. It played more jazz and R&B artists than MTV and had a higher rotation of urban-contemporary performers. Its early on-camera personalities were New York radio veterans Don Imus (then of WNBC); Frankie Crocker (then program director and DJ for WBLS); Scott Shannon (of Z100); Jon Bauman ("Bowzer" from Sha Na Na); Bobby Rivers; and Rita Coolidge.

Later VJs included Tim Byrd of WPIX-FM (now WRXP), a station whose eclectic ballad-and-R&B oriented format mirrored that of VH-1; and Alison Steele ("The Nightbird" of WNEW-FM). Rosie O'Donnell later joined the outlet's veejay lineup. O'Donnell would also host a stand up comedy show featuring various comedians each episode. As an added touch to make the network more like a televised radio station, the early years of the network featured jingles in their bumpers produced by JAM Creative Productions in Dallas, who had previously made jingles for radio stations worldwide.

The format left room for occasional ad-libs by the VJ, a godsend for emcees such as Imus and O'Donnell. In true Imus style, he used a 1985 segment of his VH-1 show to jokingly call smooth-jazz icon Sade Adu a "grape" for her oval-shaped head.

Early programming[link]

VH1 catered to adult top 40, including musicians such as Ace of Base, Melissa Etheridge, Sheryl Crow, Lisa Loeb, Seal, and other slightly more rock-oriented popular music than what it had originally played, though favorites such as Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Cher, Elton John, Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Céline Dion, still received heavy play as well. It should also be noted that the logo didn't start appearing on the screen during the programming until 1991.

VH1 started out using MTV’s famous Kabel typeface font for their music video credit tags. It was later replaced by a larger type font. In addition, the year the video was made was added to the column that identified the record label the album was released on. In 1993, the name of the videos’ director was included at the bottom of the credits.

VH1 had a short-lived hour-long program called "By Request" in which viewers could call a 1-900 hotline number to request their videos.

[edit] New Visions

Typical of VH1's early programming was New Visions, a series which featured videos and in-studio performances by smooth jazz and classical and New Age bands and performers, including Spyro Gyra, Andy Narell, Mark Isham, Philip Glass[2] and Yanni. At first many different musicians guest-hosted the program, but eventually musician/songwriter Ben Sidran established himself as permanent host.

[edit] VH1: Music First (1994–2003)

VH1 logo used from 1994 to 2003.

In the fall of 1994, VH1 rebranded itself as VH1: Music First, following a ratings decline in the early 1990s.[1] They began airing “History Of Music Videos A to Z” during the July 4th weekend from 1994 to 1998 where they'd show a large percentage of their library of music videos, which would include mini-marathons of videos by artists with a large number of videos. The success of A to Z led to a weeknight 11pm hour-long broadcast of Madonna videos, titled The Madonna Show. The videos were aired without introduction by a VJ and the program was soon shortened to thirty minutes, and then scrapped all together. By 1996, VH1 was heading down the same path as its sister channel, MTV, choosing to focus more on music-related shows than on music videos. Additionally, the network began to expand its playlist of music videos to include more rock and rap music.[1] Old episodes of American Bandstand could regularly be seen on the channel. By that time, the channel's ratings were beginning to fall.

[edit] Video Countdown

As part of VH-1's rebranding as "VH1: Music First" in 1994, the channel launched a new series, the VH1 Top 10 Countdown, that counted down the top ten music videos played on VH1 each week. A combination of record sales, radio airplay, video spins, message board posts, and conventional mail would decide the order of the countdown. A rotating cast of VJs picked up hosting duties for the show over the years. The series expanded from ten to twenty music videos, becoming the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown, in 2001. VH1 Top 20 Countdown is premiered every Saturday at 3:00 AM with an encore presentation at 9:00 AM, also shown on Sunday at 8:00 AM and lastly on Tuesday at 9:00 AM during the same week.

[edit] Pop-Up Video

In the fall of 1996, VH1 premiered Pop-Up Video, in which music videos were accompanied by "pop-ups" (also known as "bubbles" or "info nuggets")--small enclosed areas of the screen containing facts about the band or artist, such as career highlights, discography, biographical details, quotes, and anecdotes.

[edit] VH1 Storytellers

In February 1996, VH1 again hit it big with the premiere of the first of the network's flagship shows, VH1 Storytellers. The show started with a broadcast of Ray Davies, during his "Storyteller" tour, and took its name from this first show. In each hourlong episode, artists appear in front of a (mostly small and intimate) live audience, interspersing musical performances with anecdotes related to the songs' meaning, the songwriting process, audience reaction, etc. Along with Davies, the series has featured a widely diverse list of artists, including Culture Club, Willie Nelson and Johnny Cash, Kanye West, Tom Waits, and Def Leppard. Meat Loaf enjoyed the show's format so much that he bought the stage decorations from VH-1 and went on to do a "Storytellers" tour in 1998/1999.[3]

[edit] Behind the Music

VH1 scored another hit in August 1997 with the debut of Behind the Music. The hourlong show features interviews and biographies of some of popular music's biggest stars qualified to be profiled on the series. The premiere episode featured Milli Vanilli. Episodes have ranged from Aaliyah to Stryper to Queen, as well as others such as Meat Loaf, MC Hammer, Oasis, Fleetwood Mac, TLC, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Megadeth, Britney Spears, Selena, Petra, Pantera, and Eminem, with more episodes being produced periodically. By the late 1990s, the show began to run out of artists to profile, leading to the short-lived BTM2 program, half-hour looks into bands and artists whose popularity was rising, but not yet at its peak.

[edit] Legends

Shortly after, VH1 created a companion series, Legends (originally sponsored by AT&T), profiling artists who have made a more significant contribution to music history to qualify as "Legends" (that is, those artists who have gone beyond the category of Behind the Music biographies). The artists profiled so far have included Aerosmith; The Bee Gees; David Bowie; Johnny Cash; Eric Clapton; The Clash; George Clinton; Sam Cooke; Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young; The Doors; John Fogerty; Aretha Franklin; Marvin Gaye; The Grateful Dead; Guns N' Roses; Jimi Hendrix; Michael Jackson; Elton John; Janis Joplin; B. B. King; Led Zeppelin; John Lennon; Curtis Mayfield; Nirvana; Pink Floyd; The Pretenders; Red Hot Chili Peppers; Queen; Bruce Springsteen; Tina Turner; U2; Stevie Ray Vaughan; The Who and Neil Young.[4]

[edit] VH1 Save The Music Foundation

Founded in 1997, the VH1 Save The Music Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating systemic change in the American public school system by restoring instrumental music programs and by raising public awareness about the importance of music as part of each child's complete education. The Foundation is a 501c3 public charity that began as a public affairs initiative of Vh1 the cable music channel.

The Save The Music Foundation's 2012 Ambassador class includes Gavin Rossdale, Jordin Sparks, Vanessa Carlton, Lupe Fiasco, Katy Perry, Chris Daughtry, Mathew Morrison and AJ Mclean, joining Alumni Ambassadors including: Kelly Clarkson, John Mayer, Natasha Bedingfield, John Legend, The Fray, Colbie Calliat, NE-YO, Nick Lachey, among many other musicians, singers, athletes and celebrities dedicated to the cause [5]. VH1 Save The Music Ambassadors help raise awareness and deliver key messages about the importance of music education in a young person's life, as well as help raise funds to further the Foundation's mission to restore instrumental music education programs in U.S. public elementary and middle schools.

Since its inception in 1997, the VH1 Save The Music Foundation has provided $48 million in new musical instruments to 1,800 public schools in more than 100 cities around the country, impacting the lives of over 1.8 million children. The Foundation hosts a series of special fundraising events each year, along with executive various cause marketing campaigns to mobilize people around the importance of music education.

[edit] VH1 Divas

In 1998, VH1 debuted the first annual VH1 Divas concert and featured the "divas" Aretha Franklin, Mariah Carey, Shania Twain, Gloria Estefan and Celine Dion, and the "special guest" Carole King.[6] The most successful of these "diva" shows was produced in 1999 featuring Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Cher, LeAnn Rimes, Mary J. Blige, Faith Hill, Chaka Khan, Brandy, and special "divo" Elton John.[7] It became a huge success and was featured in the following years starring Diana Ross, Donna Summer, Destiny's Child, Jordin Sparks, Miley Cyrus, Jennifer Hudson, Shakira, Deborah Harry, Anastacia, Dixie Chicks, Gladys Knight, Patti LaBelle, and Jessica Simpson. Some artists such as Whitney Houston, Cyndi Lauper, Mariah Carey, Aretha Franklin, Mary J. Blige, Celine Dion, Cher, Chaka Khan, and Faith Hill were featured in two or more VH1 concerts.

[edit] Movies That Rock

In 1999, VH1 aired its first original movie, a bio-pic on Sweetwater. Their third original movie (which aired in 2000), Two of Us, focused on a fictional meeting between John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Over the next three years, they made over a dozen movies, including bio-pics on Jim Morrison and The Doors, Ricky Nelson, MC Hammer, The Monkees, Meat Loaf, and Def Leppard.

VH1 continues to air "Movies That Rock" on a regular basis, expanding to include movies not produced by VH1. The subject matter remains mostly focused on music and musicians.

[edit] Diversification

In the late 1990s, VH1 continued to get more diverse and teen-based with its music selection, and with that, the network updated its 1994 "Big 1" logo. Various late-night rock shows have been shown on VH1, featuring alternative rock and metal videos from the 1980s and 1990s. VH1 eventually warmed up to harder rock acts such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the Foo Fighters, the Stone Temple Pilots, and Metallica. Their new videos began being added into VH1's playlist right away.

Around late 2002, VH1 even began to play mainstream rap musicians.[1] The latest videos by Eminem, Nelly, Jay-Z, Snoop Dogg, Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, and Eve began to be shown in VH1's rotation and even started to crop up on VH1's top 20 countdown. VH1 also plays music from Latin artists such as Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias, Thalía and Shakira.

Other past trends[link]

rockDocs was the title under which VH1 aired various music documentaries, both those produced by VH1 and those produced by third-parties. Such documentary series produced by VH1 include "And Ya' Don't Stop", a five-part series on the history of hip-hop and rap,[8] a four-part series on the history of heavy metal, Heavy: The Story of Metal, and The Drug Years, which tells the story of various drug cultures that changed America. Films produced by other studios have also been aired as rockDocs, including Woodstock, Madonna: Truth or Dare, Tupac: Resurrection, Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, Awesome; I Fuckin' Shot That!, a documentary on the Beastie Boys, and most recently Last Days of Left Eye which documented the last month of Lisa Lopes's life from the band TLC and N.W.A.: The World's Most Dangerous Group, featuring the narration of comedian Chris Rock, which chronicled the rise and fall of N.W.A.

VH1 endured criticism for Music Behind Bars, which mainly focuses on musicians in custody. Critics have claimed prisoners, mainly those convicted of murder, should not be entitled to any exposure, especially nationally.[9]

The channel aired Where Are They Now? from 1999 to 2002. It featured former celebrities and their current professional and personal statuses. Each episode was dedicated to a specific genre, ranging from past child stars to Aaron Spelling's notable productions, to controversial news figures.

Current era of VH1 (2003–present)[link]

In 2003, the network changed its focus again, dropping "Music First" from its name, and introducing their new and current box logo. Having saturated its Behind The Music series (and spinoff BTM2, a 30-minute version that told the stories of current chart-toppers), gotten past the point of showing music videos on a regular basis, and endured a 35% ratings decline over the past several years, the network began to target the pop culture nostalgia market just like its sister MTV.[1][10] The network primarily plays reality shows now.

The network is currently working on four new reality projects, slated to run in spring 2010. They include a makeover series for women, a dating advice show for men, a documentary series about the deaths of several celebrities and a series that follows the lives of people at a ski resort in Vancouver, B.C.[11]

[edit] I Love the... series

In 2002, VH1 broadcast a ten-part series entitled I Love the '80s. The idea was taken from a BBC series, first broadcast in 2000,[12] in which current entertainers and pop-culture figures offered their take on the trends, events, and personalities of another decade. The success of VH1's I Love the '80s, coupled with the growing nostalgia for ever-more-recent times, led the network to create a parade of similarly themed programs. These ranged from 2003's I Love the '70s, to further variants like I Love the '80s Strikes Back, I Love the '90s, and I Love the '90s: Part Deux. More recently, VH1 premiered I Love the '80s 3-D and I Love the '70s: Volume 2, along with the non-decade-based I Love the Holidays and I Love Toys.

The format of these shows has been repeated for the weekly program Best Week Ever. In a sketch on Fox's MADtv envisioning an as-yet fictitious "I Love the 00s" show, VH1 was referred to as "the bitter comics ragging on real celebrities" network. On June 22 of that years, VH1 premiered I Love the New Millennium, focusing on the years 2000-2007.

[edit] The Greatest series

VH1 also produces its The Greatest series in which a similar format is used to countdown lists like "The 50 Sexiest Video Moments", "100 Greatest Songs of Rock 'N' Roll", "100 Greatest Songs from the Past 25 Years", "100 Greatest One-hit Wonders", and "100 Greatest Kid Stars". In 2001, Mark McGrath hosted VH1's miniseries "100 Most Shocking Moments in Rock 'N' Roll", which compiled a list of the moments in music history that changed its course and shook its foundations.[13] Recently in late December 2009, an updated series titled "100 Most Shocking Music Moments" aired on VH1.[14][15] In 2008 and early 2009, the channel premiered the "100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs", "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs", "100 Greatest Songs of the 90s", and "100 Greatest Songs of the 80s".

[edit] 40 Most Awesomely Bad

In 2004, VH1 began this mini-series category with "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs...Ever". Additional series in this group include "40 Most Awesomely Bad Dirrty Songs...Ever",[16] "40 Most Awesomely Bad Break-up Songs...Ever"[17] "40 Most Awesomely Bad #1 Songs...Ever",[18] "40 Most Awesomely Bad Metal Songs...Ever",[19] and "40 Most Awesomely Bad Love Songs".[20]

[edit] Celebreality

In January 2005 VH1 launched its Celebreality programming block of reality shows featuring celebrities, anchored by The Surreal Life, which mimics MTV's The Real World, instead placing celebrities from the past into a living environment.[21] The word "celebreality" is a portmanteau combining the words "celebrity" and "reality" and is generally used to describe reality TV shows in which celebrities participate as subjects. The term appears to have been coined by Michael Gross, writing for The Toronto Star on May 12, 1991. In his article, entitled "Celebrity's New Face," Mr. Gross used a hyphenated form of the word ("celeb-reality") to describe the tendency of certain contemporary celebrities to downplay the traditional trappings of Hollywood glamour. "You could see the new celeb-reality on display at this year's Oscars," wrote Gross. "It is Kathy Bates and Whoopi Goldberg, not Kim Basinger and Michelle Pfeiffer. It is Jeremy Irons in black tie and the sneakers he says keep his feet on the ground. It is Kevin Costner, fighting small, important battles, winning big, but reacting with modesty and going off to party privately. The new celebrities are human first, famous second."

The next known citation of the word is by Joyce Millman, writing for The New York Times on January 5, 2003. In an article entitled, "Celebreality: The �?Stars’ Are Elbowing Their Way In," Ms. Millman wrote: "Celebreality, the junk genre du jour, turns the notion of reality TV upside down. Instead of real people acting like celebrities on shows like "Survivor", "Big Brother" and "The Bachelor", celebreality gives us celebrities acting like real people on shows like "The Osbournes", "The Anna Nicole Show" and "Celebrity Boot Camp." I'm using the term "celebrity" loosely here — we're not talking about Russell Crowe, Julia Roberts and Dame Judi Dench eating bugs and scrubbing latrines. No, the celebrities of celebreality are a motlier crew, like, well, Mötley Crüe's Vince Neil, the former rap superstar M. C. Hammer and the wee ex-Michael Jackson ornament Emmanuel ("Webster") Lewis. Those three will be setting up housekeeping together on Thursday in "The Surreal Life" on WB, a celebreality spin on MTV's "Real World." Not to be outdone, ABC sends a Baldwin brother (Stephen), a supermodel (Frederique) and a former "L.A. Law" star (Corbin Bernsen) to Hawaii for "Celebrity Mole Hawaii", beginning Wednesday."

The VH1 Celebreality block has also aired shows such as:

Since the controversy over the murder-suicide of a contestant from Megan Wants a Millionaire, the channel has toned down its reality programming.[22][23]

[edit] Hip-Hop and Rock Honors

Since 2004, VH1 has showed their appreciation for hip-hop and rock music by honoring pioneers and movements. Hip-hop musicians honored include Eazy-E, LL Cool J, 2Pac, The Notorious B.I.G., and Public Enemy. All of the shows have been taped in the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City. On May 25, 2006, Queen, Judas Priest, Def Leppard, and Kiss were the inaugural inductees into the VH1 Rock Honors in Las Vegas. The ceremony aired on VH1 six days later. In 2007, ZZ Top, Heart, Genesis and Ozzy Osbourne were inducted into the VH1 Rock Honors. 2008's sole Rock Honors inductees were The Who.

Other current trends[link]

On July 1, 2007, VH1 and MHD, the high-definition music channel of MTV (now called Palladia), simulcast live the entire Concert for Diana from London, England, on the birthday of Princess Diana, Princess of Wales.[24]

Although VH1 has drastically reduced its emphasis on music, it does continue to play music videos (just like its sister network, MTV) from 4 a.m. until 11 a.m. ET. The overnight block was called Insomniac Music Theater until August 2005, when it was renamed Nocturnal State. As of the beginning of October 2008, Nocturnal State has been cut down to one hour, and Fresh: New Music has been supplanted by additional hours of Jump Start, thus meaning that VH1 now plays 7 hours of music daily.

As of the beginning of May 2010, VH1 has permanently retire the named Nocturnal State and had temporarily cancelled the 5AM ET hour of Jump Start to make room for more reality show re-airs. Also, VH1's music has leaned more and more Top 40-based over the past year. More recently, the 4 and 5AM ET hours reverted back to music on most days, and all of its music hours are now branded as Jump Start. Jump Start runs typically from 4AM-9AM weekdays and Saturdays (until 8AM on Sundays).

VH1 Best Cruise Ever[link]

From April 28 – May 2, 2011, from Tampa to Cozumel music fans can experience non-stop music performances from headliners Train, Lifehouse, Colbie Caillat, and The Script. Other bands include Alpha Rev, Civil Twilight, Mat Kearney, One eskimO, SafetySuit, Thriving Ivory, Trailer Park Ninjas, and Ryan Star. The cruise is on The Carnival Cruise Line ship Carnival Inspiration.

Beyond VH1[link]

VH1 HD[link]

VH1 HD is a 1080i high definition simulcast of VH1. Only newer shows such as Rock of Love Bus, The T.O. Show and Brooke Knows Best air in full 16:9 aspect ratio HD on it however, and most other programs are shown in 4:3 aspect ratio with the video upconverted. The HD channel is available nationally on Verizon FiOS, DirecTV, AT&T U-verse, Comcast, and Dish Network.

Sister channels in the U.S.[link]

Like MTV and Nickelodeon before them, VH1 also launched spinoff digital networks as part of The Suite From MTV. Initially, four VH1 spinoff networks were formed. Others later joined the staple, including:

  • VH1 Classic: Music videos primarily from the 1970s and 1980s, concert footage, movies, and original programming centered around adult hits, classic hits and classic rock music.
  • VH1 MegaHits: A channel which played mostly top 40 adult contemporary videos from throughout VH1's history, from the '80s to the early years of the 21st Century. Due to low viewership, the network was discontinued. The satellite space was utilized by corporate parent MTV Networks to launch Gay & Lesbian centric network, Logo.
  • VH1 Soul: Classic and neo-soul music videos from yesterday and today.
  • VH1 Uno: A Spanish language channel which mostly consisted of music videos of Latin pop, rock, and traditional ballads, tropical, salsa and merengue music. Discontinued February 2, 2008 by MTV Networks to expand normal distribution of mtvU beyond college campuses.[25]
  • VH1 Country: Continuous country music videos; channel still exists, but has been renamed CMT Pure Country.

The Internet[link]

VH1's online destination, VH1.com, launched in the 1990s. In the 2000s, VH1 created VSPOT, a broadband video channel that followed the model of MTV Overdrive, containing the shows aired by VH1 and music videos. VSPOT was renamed to Video.VH1.com in late 2007.

VH1 around the world[link]

As with other MTV channels, MTV Networks broadcasts international versions of VH1:

  • VH1 Australia: Since March (April for Optus customers) 2004, VH1 has been available in Australia on Foxtel, Optus Television and Austar. It is also available on the SelecTv pay TV platform. On May 1, 2010 Vh1 Australia was re-branded as MTV Classic.
  • VH1 Brazil: The Portuguese-language version of VH1 was launched in Brazil on May 1, 2004. However, VH1 Soul had been available to digital cable subscribers since 2004. In 2007 VH1 Soul stopped being available in Brazil. In 2009 the version HD of VH1 was launched.
  • VH1 Mega Hits Brazil: Replaced the Brazilian version of MTV Hits. The channel plays 24h chart hits non-stop.
  • VH1 Denmark: The Danish version of VH1 was launched in Denmark on March 15, 2008.
  • VH1 Europe: VH1 Europe is the VH1 channel broadcast in the European continent as well as Northern Africa, South Africa and the Middle East.
  • VH1 Export: VH1 Export is the technical name used for the version of VH1 European available in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Levant territories broadcasting via satellite, exclusively from the OSN pay-TV network. In Africa (on DStv) and Thailand, on UBC 33. The channel is exactly the same as VH1 European, but with different adverts.
  • VH-1 Germany: During the mid-1990s, a German-language version of VH-1 was broadcast, featuring more adult music than MTV, and using the original 1985 US logo. It proved unsuccessful and eventually had to make way for a non-stop music channel aimed at teenagers called MTV2 Pop. However, VH1 hasn't really disappeared from German television, since it's still available in its pan-European version.
  • VH1 India: In December 2004, MTV India and Zee-Turner teamed up to bring VH1 to India. In India, VH1 is a 24-hour pay channel that will cater to the 13–35 age group.
  • VH1 Indonesia: In Indonesia, VH1 programming also airs on MTV Indonesia at 4 until 8 pm, and on local terrestrial channels such as Jak-TV, Jakarta, STV Bandung, TV Borobudur, Semarang, TATV, Solo, and Makassar TV, Makassar (UHF21) and also a full link channel seen on satellite PALAPA C2.
  • VH1 Latin America: On April 1, 2004, VH1 Latin America joined MTV and Nickelodeon Latin America targeting audiences 25–49 years old. Until then, the VH1 main channel available for Latin America was the original US version. The Spanish-language channel is tailored for the market and feature a mix of music and entertainment with local and international-recording artists, as well as original programming.
  • VH1 Pakistan: Operated by ARY TV Network)[citation needed]
  • VH1 Polska: Launched (or rather renamed) on December 1, 2005. The channel is aimed at people in Poland over 25. The channel was formerly known as "MTV Classic" and (especially in its last months) was the same as present VH1, airing the same programs for the same target group.
  • VH1 Russia: VH1 Russia launched on December 2, 2005. It ceased broadcasting on July 1, 2010 and was replaced by the European VH1 feed.
  • VH1 UK: VH1 UK targets 25–44 years old, and has much of the same content as the main US channel. There were two sister stations in the UK: VH1 Classic (now MTV Classic) and VH2 (now closed).

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Becker, Anne (2008-05-03). "VH1 Hits a New High Note". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6557244.html?rssid=193. Retrieved 2008-05-03. 
  2. ^ "Opening" by Philip Glass on VH-1's 'New Visions' on YouTube
  3. ^ "Meat Loaf's "Storytellers" Tour Extended Through January". livedaily.com. 1999-12-07. http://www.livedaily.com/news/772.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
  4. ^ "Legends: Episode List". VH1.com. Archived from the original on 2008-01-25. http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/legends/episode_list.jhtml. 
  5. ^ http://www.vh1savethemusic.com/ambassadors
  6. ^ Pareles, Jon (1998-04-16). "There Are Divas, and There Are Divas". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9400EEDD173CF935A25757C0A96E958260. Retrieved 2008-05-03. 
  7. ^ Freydkin, Donna (1999-04-16). "VH1's dueling divas belt it out for a good cause". CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9904/16/divas/. Retrieved 2008-05-03. 
  8. ^ Phil Gallo (October 3, 2004). "And You Don't Stop: 30 Years of Hip Hop". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117925111.html?categoryid=32&cs=1. 
  9. ^ Victims Protest VH1's 'Music Behind Bars' Show
  10. ^ Curtis, Bryan (2006-02-23). "VH1: The Surreal Network". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2136882/. Retrieved 2006-02-24. 
  11. ^ "VH1 announces four new shows". The Live Feed. Jan. 28, 2010. http://www.thrfeed.com/2010/01/vh1-announces-four-new-shows.html. 
  12. ^ BBC - I love... series
  13. ^ 100 Most Shocking Moments in Rock 'N' Roll
  14. ^ 100 Most Shocking Music Moments
  15. ^ Exclusive: VH1's '100 Most Shocking Music Moments' List
  16. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Dirrty Songs...Ever
  17. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Break-up Songs...Ever
  18. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad #1 Songs...Ever
  19. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Metal Songs...Ever
  20. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Love Songs
  21. ^ Fink, Sharon (9 January 2005). "Watchable trash". St. Petersburg Times. http://sptimes.com/2005/01/09/news_pf/Artsandentertainment/Watchable_trash.shtml. Retrieved 18 August 2010. 
  22. ^ Stelter, Brian (31 August 2009). "With 'Celebreality,' VH1 Attracts Ratings and Chagrin". The New York Times: p. 5. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/business/media/31cable.html?_r=3&fta=y&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 26 September 2010. 
  23. ^ "VH1 revamps programming". The Hollywood Reporter. 18 April 2010. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3iec3c2452ddf8270c14cd59b8ec1ea302. Retrieved 26 September 2010. [dead link]
  24. ^ Concert for Diana|VH1.com
  25. ^ MTV Networks discontinues VH1 Uno

External links[link]


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Jim Jones
Born James W. Jones
(1931-05-13)May 13, 1931
Randolph County, Indiana, U.S.
Died November 18, 1978(1978-11-18) (aged 47)
Jonestown, Guyana
Occupation Religious leader
Religion Agnostic/Atheist[1]
Spouse Marceline Baldwin Jones (1927 - 1978)
Children Agnes Paulette Jones (1943 - 1978)
Suzanne Jones Cartmell (1953 - 2006)
Stephanie Jones (1954 - 1959)
Lew Eric Jones (1956 - 1978)
Jim Jon Prokes (1975 - 1978)
Stephan Gandhi Jones (1958- )
James Warren Jones, Jr. (1961-)
Parents James Thurman Jones (1887 - 1951)
Lynetta Putnam Jones (1902 - 1977)

Reverend James Warren "Jim" Jones (May 13, 1931 – November 18, 1978) was the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple, which is best known for the November 18, 1978 mass suicide of 909 Temple members in Jonestown, Guyana along with the killings of five other people at a nearby airstrip. Over 200 children were murdered at Jonestown, almost all of whom were forcibly made to ingest cyanide by the elite Temple members.

Jones was born in Indiana and started the Temple in that state in the 1950s. Jones and the Temple later moved to California, and both gained notoriety with the move of the Temple's headquarters to San Francisco in the mid-1970s.

The incident in Guyana ranks among the largest mass suicides in history, though most likely it involved forced suicide and/or murder, and was the single greatest loss of American civilian life in a non-natural disaster until the events of September 11, 2001. Among the dead was Leo Ryan, who remains the only Congressman assassinated in the line of duty as a Congressman in the history of the United States.[2]

Contents

Early life[link]

File:884 2-Lynetta.jpg
Lynetta Putnam Jones, the mother of Jim Jones

Jim Jones was born in a rural area of Randolph County near the Ohio border,[3] to James Thurman Jones (May 31, 1887 – May 29, 1951), a World War I veteran, and Lynetta Putnam (April 16, 1902 – December 11, 1977).[4] He was of Irish and Welsh descent.[5] Jones would later claim partial Cherokee ancestry through his mother, though this was likely false according to his maternal second cousin Barbara Shaffer.[5][note 1] Economic difficulties during the Great Depression necessitated that Jones' family move to nearby Lynn, Indiana, in 1934.[6] Jim Jones and a childhood friend both claimed that Jones' father was associated with the Ku Klux Klan.[6]

In interviews for the 2006 documentary Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple, childhood acquaintances recalled Jones as being a "really weird kid" who was "obsessed with religion ... obsessed with death". They alleged that as a child, Jones frequently held funerals for small animals and had reportedly stabbed a cat to death.[7]

Jones was a voracious reader as a child and studied Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi and Adolf Hitler carefully,[8] noting each of their strengths and weaknesses.[8] After Jones' parents separated, he moved with his mother to Richmond, Indiana.[9] He graduated from Richmond High School early and with honors in December 1948.[10]

Jones married nurse Marceline Baldwin in 1949, and moved to Bloomington, Indiana.[11] He attended Indiana University at Bloomington, where a speech by Eleanor Roosevelt about the plight of African Americans impressed him.[11] Jones' sympathetic statements about communism offended Marceline's grandmother.[11] In 1951, Jones moved to Indianapolis, where he attended night school at Butler University, earning a degree in secondary education in 1961.[12]

Building the Temple[link]

Jim Jones' first church in Indianapolis, Indiana

Indiana beginnings[link]

In 1951, Jones became a member of the Communist Party USA, and began attending meetings and rallies in Indianapolis.[13] He became flustered with harassment he received during the McCarthy Hearings,[13] particularly regarding an event he attended with his mother focusing on Paul Robeson, after which she was harassed by the FBI in front of her co-workers for attending.[14] He also became frustrated with ostracism of open communists in the United States, especially during the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.[15] This frustration, among other things, provoked a seminal moment for Jones in which he asked himself "how can I demonstrate my Marxism? The thought was, infiltrate the church."[13][14]

Jones' interest in religion began during his childhood, primarily because he found making friends difficult, though initially he vacillated on his church of choice.[5] Jones was surprised when a Methodist superintendent helped him to get a start in the church even though he knew Jones to be a communist and Jones did not meet him through the Communist Party.[15] In 1952, Jones became a student pastor in Sommerset Southside Methodist Church, but claims he left that church because its leaders barred him from integrating blacks into his congregation.[13] Around this time, Jones witnessed a faith-healing service at the Seventh Day Baptist Church.[13] He observed that it attracted people and their money and concluded that, with financial resources from such healings, he could help accomplish his social goals.[13]

Jones then began his own church, which changed names until it became the Peoples Temple Christian Church Full Gospel.[13] The People's Temple was initially made as an inter-racial mission.

Jones moved away from the Communist Party and Maoists when CPUSA members and Mao Zedong became critical of some of the policies of former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.[15]

Integrationist[link]

In 1960, Indianapolis Democratic Mayor Charles Boswell appointed Jones director of the Human Rights Commission.[16] Jones ignored Boswell's advice to keep a low profile, finding new outlets for his views on local radio and television programs.[16] When the mayor and other commissioners asked Jones to curtail his public actions, he resisted and was wildly cheered at a meeting of the NAACP and Urban League when he yelled for his audience to be more militant, and climaxed with "Let my people go!"[17]

During this time, Jones also helped to integrate churches, restaurants, the telephone company, the police department, a theater, an amusement park, and the Methodist Hospital.[13] After swastikas were painted on the homes of two African American families, Jones personally walked the neighborhood comforting African Americans and counseling white families not to move, in order to prevent white flight.[18] He also set up stings to catch restaurants refusing to serve African American customers[18] and wrote to American Nazi leaders then leaked their responses to the media.[19] When Jones was accidentally placed in the black ward of a hospital after a collapse in 1961, he refused to be moved and began to make the beds, and empty the bed pans of black patients.[20] Political pressures resulting from Jones' actions caused hospital officials to desegregate the wards.[20]

Jones received considerable criticism in Indiana for his integrationist views.[13] White-owned businesses and locals were critical of him.[18] A swastika was placed on the Temple, a stick of dynamite was left in a Temple coal pile, and a dead cat was thrown at Jones' house after a threatening phone call.[19] Other incidents occurred, though some suspect that Jones himself may have been involved in at least some of them.[19]

Jones' "Rainbow Family"[link]

Brochure of the Peoples Temple, portraying leader Jim Jones as the father of the "Rainbow Family"

Jim and Marceline Jones adopted several children of at least partial non-Caucasian ancestry; he referred to the clan as his "rainbow family,"[21] and stated: "Integration is a more personal thing with me now. It's a question of my son's future."[22] Jones portrayed the Temple overall as a "rainbow family."

The couple adopted three children of Korean-American ancestry: Lew, Suzanne and Stephanie. Jones had been encouraging Temple members to adopt orphans from war ravaged Korea.[23] Jones had long been critical of the United States' opposition to communist leader Kim Il-Sung's 1950 invasion of South Korea, calling it the "war of liberation" and stating that "the south is a living example of all that socialism in the north has overcome."[24] In 1954, he and his wife also adopted Agnes Jones, who was partly of Native American descent.[22][25] Agnes was 11 at the time of her adoption.[26] Suzanne Jones was adopted at the age of six in 1959.[26] In June 1959, the couple had their only biological child, Stephan Gandhi Jones.[25]

Two years later, in 1961, the Joneses became the first white couple in Indiana to adopt a black child, James Warren Jones, Jr.[27] Marceline was once spat upon while she carried Jim Jr.[19]

The couple also adopted another son, who was white, named Tim.[25] Tim Jones, whose birth mother was a member of the Peoples Temple, was originally named Timothy Glen Tupper.[22]

Asylum[link]

Jim Jones is located in Brazil
Belo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
Jones' Brazilian locations

After a 1961 Temple speech about nuclear apocalypse,[20] and a January 1962 Esquire Magazine article listing Belo Horizonte, Brazil, as a safe place in a nuclear war, Jones traveled with his family to the Brazilian city with the idea of setting up a new Temple location.[28]

On his way to Brazil, Jones made his first trip into Guyana.[29] After arriving in Belo Horizonte, the Joneses rented a modest three bedroom home.[30] Jones studied the local economy and receptiveness of racial minorities to his message, though language remained a barrier.[31] Jones was careful not to portray himself as a communist in a foreign territory, and spoke of an apostolic communal lifestyle rather than of Castro or Marx.[32]

After becoming frustrated with the lack of resources in the locale, in mid-1963, the Joneses moved to Rio de Janeiro.[33] There, they worked with the poor in Rio's slums.[33] Jones also explored local Brazilian religion.[34]

Jones was plagued by guilt for leaving behind the Indiana civil rights struggle and possibly losing what he had struggled to build there.[33] When Jones' associate preachers in Indiana told him that the Temple was about to collapse without him, Jones returned.[35]

California Eden[link]

Jim Jones is located in California
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Ukiah
Bakersfield
Fresno
Sacramento
Santa Rosa
Some of the Peoples Temple's California locations

After Jones' return to Indiana from Brazil, in 1965, Jones claimed that the world would be engulfed in a nuclear war on July 15, 1967, that would then create a new socialist Eden on earth, and that the Temple must move to Northern California for safety.[13][36] Accordingly, the Temple began moving to Redwood Valley, California, near Ukiah.[13]

While Jones always spoke of the social gospel's virtues, before the late 1960s Jones chose to conceal that his gospel was actually communism.[13] By the late 1960s, Jones began at least partially openly revealing in Temple sermons his "Apostolic Socialism" concept.[13] Specifically, "those who remained drugged with the opiate of religion had to be brought to enlightenment — socialism."[37] Jones often mixed those concepts, such as preaching that "If you're born in capitalist America, racist America, fascist America, then you're born in sin. But if you're born in socialism, you're not born in sin."[38]

By the early 1970s, Jones began deriding traditional Christianity as "fly away religion," rejecting the Bible as being white men’s justification to subordinate women and subjugate people of color and stating that it spoke of a "Sky God" who was no God at all.[13] Jones authored a booklet titled "The Letter Killeth," criticizing the King James Bible.[39] Jones also began preaching that he was the reincarnation of Jesus of Nazareth, Mahatma Gandhi, Buddha, Vladimir Lenin, and Father Divine. In the documentary Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple, former Temple member Hue Fortson, Jr. quoted Jones as saying, "What you need to believe in is what you can see ... If you see me as your friend, I'll be your friend. As you see me as your father, I'll be your father, for those of you that don't have a father ... If you see me as your savior, I'll be your savior. If you see me as your God, I'll be your God."[7]

By the spring of 1976, Jones began openly admitting even to outsiders that he was an atheist.[40] Despite the Temple's fear that the IRS was investigating its religious tax exemption, by 1977 Marceline Jones admitted to the New York Times that, as early as age 18 when he watched his then idol Mao Zedong overthrow the Chinese government, Jim Jones realized that the way to achieve social change through Marxism in the United States was to mobilize people through religion.[36] She stated that "Jim used religion to try to get some people out of the opiate of religion," and had slammed the Bible on the table yelling "I've got to destroy this paper idol!"[36] In one sermon, Jones said that, "You're gonna help yourself, or you'll get no help! There's only one hope of glory; that's within you! Nobody's gonna come out of the sky! There's no heaven up there! We'll have to make heaven down here!"[7]

Move to San Francisco[link]

The move of Peoples Temple headquarters to San Francisco in 1975 invigorated Jones' political career. After the Temple served an important role in the mayoral election victory of George Moscone in 1975, Moscone appointed Jones as the Chairman of the San Francisco Housing Authority Commission.[41]

Unlike most other figures deemed as cult leaders, Jones was able to gain public support and contact with prominent local and national United States politicians. For example, Jones and Moscone met privately with vice presidential candidate Walter Mondale on his campaign plane days before the 1976 election and Mondale publicly praised the Temple.[42][43] First Lady Rosalynn Carter also personally met with Jones on multiple occasions, corresponded with him about Cuba, and spoke with him at the grand opening of the San Francisco Democratic Party Headquarters where Jones garnered louder applause than Mrs. Carter.[42][44][45]

In September 1976, Willie Brown served as master of ceremonies at a large testimonial dinner for Jones attended by Governor Jerry Brown and Lieutenant Governor Mervyn Dymally and other political figures.[46] At that dinner, while introducing Jones, Willie Brown stated "Let me present to you what you should see every day when you look in the mirror in the early morning hours.... Let me present to you a combination of Martin King, Angela Davis, Albert Einstein... Chairman Mao."[47] Harvey Milk, who spoke at political rallies at the Temple,[48] and wrote to Jones after a visit to the Temple: "Rev Jim, It may take me many a day to come back down from the high that I reach today. I found something dear today. I found a sense of being that makes up for all the hours and energy placed in a fight. I found what you wanted me to find. I shall be back. For I can never leave."[49][50]

In his San Francisco Temple apartment, Jones hosted San Francisco radical political figures such as Angela Davis for discussions.[51] He spoke with friend and San Francisco Sun-Reporter publisher Dr. Carlton Goodlett about Jones' remorse regarding not being able to travel to socialist countries such as Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union, speculating that he could be Chief Dairyman of the Soviet Union.[52] After his criticisms caused increased tensions with the Nation of Islam, Jones spoke at a huge rally healing the rift between the two groups in the Los Angeles Convention Center attended by many of Jones' closest political acquaintances.[53] Jones also enjoyed a favorable relationship with Warith Deen Mohammed, son of Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad.[citation needed]

While Jones forged media alliances with key columnists and others at the San Francisco Chronicle and other media outlets,[54] the move to San Francisco also brought increasing media scrutiny. After Chronicle reporter Marshall Kilduff encountered resistance to publishing an exposé, he brought his story to New West Magazine.[55] In the summer of 1977, Jones and several hundred Temple members moved to the Temple's "Agricultural Project" in Guyana after they learned of the contents of Kilduff's article to be published in which former Temple members claimed they were physically, emotionally, and sexually abused.[45][56] Jones named the settlement Jonestown after himself.

Jonestown's formation and operation[link]

Jim Jones is located in Guyana
Jonestown
Georgetown
Kaituma
Peoples Temple Agricultural Project ("Jonestown", Guyana)

Jones had first started building Jonestown in 1970 as a means to create both a "socialist paradise" and a "sanctuary" from the media scrutiny which had started in 1972.[57] Here they also established a cooperative called the "People's Temple Agricultural Project". Regarding the former goal, Jones purported to establish Jonestown as a benevolent model communist community stating, "I believe we’re the purest communists there are."[58] In that regard, like the restrictive emigration policies of the then Soviet Union, Cuba, North Korea and other communist states, Jones did not permit members to leave Jonestown.[59]

Religious scholar Mary McCormick Maaga argues that Jones' authority decreased after he moved to the isolated commune, because he was not needed for recruitment and he could not hide his drug addiction from rank and file members.[60] In spite of the allegations prior to Jones' departure to Jonestown, the leader was still respected by some for setting up a racially mixed church which helped the disadvantaged; 68 percent of Jonestown's residents were black.[61] Jonestown was where Jones began his belief called "Translation" where he and his followers would all die together and move to another planet and live blissfully.

New children[link]

File:JT-1978-06-jvs kimo ji.jpg
Kimo (left) and John (right)

Jim Jones claimed that he was the biological father of John Victor Stoen, although the birth certificate lists Grace and Timothy Stoen as the parents of the boy.[62] The Temple repeatedly claimed that Jones fathered the child when, in 1971, Temple member Tim Stoen had requested that Jones have sex with Grace Stoen to keep her from defecting.[63] After Grace Stoen later defected in 1976 and began divorce proceedings against Tim Stoen in 1977, in order to avoid potentially giving up the boy in a custody dispute with Grace, Jones ordered Tim to take John to Guyana in February 1977.[64]

After purported father Tim Stoen defected from the Temple in June 1977, the Temple kept John Stoen in Jonestown.[65] The custody dispute over John Stoen would become a linchpin of several battles between the Temple and the Concerned Relatives.[66]

Jim Jones also fathered a son, Jim Jon (Kimo), with Carolyn Louise Moore Layton, a Temple member.[67]

Pressure and waning political support[link]

Congressional Pictorial of Leo Ryan

While most of Jones' political allies broke ties after Jones' departure,[68] some did not. As a show of support, Willie Brown spoke out against enemies at a rally at the Peoples Temple, also attended by Harvey Milk and Art Agnos.[69] Most importantly for Jones and the Temple, Moscone's office shortly thereafter issued a press release saying that Jones had broken no laws.[70]

In the Fall of 1977, Tim Stoen and other relatives in Jonestown formed a "Concerned Relatives" group.[71] Stoen traveled to Washington D.C. in January 1978 to visit with Congressmen, including Leo Ryan and State Department officials, and wrote a "white paper" to Congress detailing the dispute and pressing for Congressional correspondence.[72] Stoen's efforts aroused the curiosity of Ryan, who wrote a letter on Stoen's behalf to Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes Burnham.[73]

Amidst growing pressure in the United States to investigate the Temple, on February 19, 1978, Harvey Milk wrote a letter of support for the Peoples Temple to President Jimmy Carter.[74][75][76] Therein, Milk wrote that Jones was known "as a man of the highest character."[76] Regarding the leader of those attempting to extricate relatives from Jonestown, Milk wrote he was "attempting to damage Rev. Jones reputation" with "apparent bold-faced lies."[76]

On April 11, 1978, the Concerned Relatives distributed a packet of documents, including letters and affidavits, that they titled an "Accusation of Human Rights Violations by Rev. James Warren Jones" to the Peoples Temple, members of the press and members of Congress.[77] In June 1978, escaped Temple member Deborah Layton provided the group with a further affidavit detailing alleged crimes by the Peoples Temple and substandard living conditions in Jonestown.[78]

Facing increasing scrutiny, in the summer of 1978, Jones also hired noted JFK assassination conspiracy theorists Mark Lane and Donald Freed to help make the case of a "grand conspiracy" by intelligence agencies against the Peoples Temple.[79] Jones told Lane he wanted to "pull an Eldridge Cleaver", referring to a fugitive Black Panther who was able to return to the United States after repairing his reputation.[79]

Visit by Congressman Ryan, murders[link]

File:JT-1978-01-entrance ji.jpg
Entrance to Jonestown

In November 1978, U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan led a fact-finding mission to Jonestown to investigate allegations of human rights abuses.[80] Ryan's delegation included relatives of Temple members, Don Harris, an NBC network news reporter, an NBC cameraman and reporters for various newspapers.[81] The group arrived in Georgetown on November 15.[80] On November 17, Ryan's delegation traveled by airplane to Jonestown.[82] The delegation left hurriedly the afternoon of November 18 after Temple member Don Sly attacked Ryan with a knife.[83] The attack was thwarted, bringing the visit to an abrupt end.[83] Congressman Ryan and his people succeeded in taking with them fifteen People's Temple members who had expressed a wish to leave.[84] At that time, Jones made no attempt to prevent their departure.[85]

Port Kaituma Airstrip shootings[link]

As members of Ryan's delegation boarded two planes at the airstrip, Jones' "Red Brigade" armed guards arrived in a tractor-pulled trailer and began shooting at the delegation.[86] The guards killed Congressman Ryan and four others near a twin engine Otter aircraft.[87] At the same time, one of the supposed defectors, Larry Layton, drew a weapon and began firing on members of the party that had already boarded a small Cessna.[88] An NBC cameraman was able to capture footage of the first few seconds of the shooting at the Otter.[87] The five killed at the airstrip were Congressman Ryan; Don Harris, a reporter from NBC; Bob Brown, a cameraman from NBC; San Francisco Examiner photographer Greg Robinson; and Temple member Patricia Parks.[87] Surviving the attack were future Congresswoman Jackie Speier, then a staff member for Ryan; Richard Dwyer, the Deputy Chief of Mission from the U.S. Embassy at Georgetown; Bob Flick, a producer for NBC News; Steve Sung, an NBC sound engineer; Tim Reiterman, a San Francisco Examiner reporter; Ron Javers, a San Francisco Chronicle reporter; Charles Krause, a Washington Post reporter; and several defecting Temple members.[87]

Deaths in Jonestown[link]

Later that same day, 909 inhabitants of Jonestown,[89] 303 of them children, died of apparent cyanide poisoning, mostly in and around a pavilion.[90] This resulted in the greatest single loss of American civilian life in a non-natural disaster until the September 11, 2001 attacks.[91] No video was taken during the mass suicide, though the FBI did recover a 45 minute audio recording of the suicide in progress.[92]

On that tape, Jones tells Temple members that the Soviet Union, with whom the Temple had been negotiating a potential exodus for months, would not take them after the Temple had murdered Ryan and four others at a nearby airstrip.[92] The reason given by Jones to commit suicide was consistent with his previously stated conspiracy theories of intelligence organizations allegedly conspiring against the Temple, that men would "parachute in here on us," "shoot some of our innocent babies" and "they'll torture our children, they'll torture some of our people here, they'll torture our seniors."[92] Parroting Jones' prior statements that hostile forces would convert captured children to fascism, one temple member states "the ones that they take captured, they're gonna just let them grow up and be dummies."[92]

File:529 1 miller.jpg
Christine Miller

Given that reasoning, Jones and several members argued that the group should commit "revolutionary suicide" by drinking cyanide-laced grape flavored Flavor Aid (not Kool-Aid despite the popular phrase). However, later released video made to show the best of Jonestown shows Jones opening a storage container full of Kool-Aid in large quantities. This may have been what was used to mix the "potion" (as was referred to in several statements obtained by the FBI in the final tape recordings) along with a sedative.[92] One member, Christine Miller, dissents toward the beginning of the tape.[92] When members apparently cried, Jones counseled, "Stop this hysterics. This is not the way for people who are Socialists or Communists to die. No way for us to die. We must die with some dignity."[92] Jones can be heard saying, "Don't be afraid to die," that death is "just stepping over into another plane" and that it's "a friend."[92] At the end of the tape, Jones concludes: "We didn't commit suicide; we committed an act of revolutionary suicide protesting the conditions of an inhumane world."[92] According to escaping Temple members, children were given the drink first and families were told to lie down together.[93] Mass suicide had been previously discussed in simulated events called "White Nights" on a regular basis.[78][94] During at least one such prior White Night, members drank liquid that Jones falsely told them was poison.[78][94]

Jones was found dead in a deck chair with a gunshot wound to his head that Guyanese coroner Cyrill Mootoo stated was consistent with a self-inflicted gun wound.[95] However, Jones' son Stephan believes his father may have directed someone else to shoot him.[96] An autopsy of Jones' body also showed levels of the barbiturate Pentobarbital which may have been lethal to humans who had not developed physiological tolerance.[97] Jones' drug usage (including LSD and marijuana) was confirmed by his son, Stephan, and Jones' doctor in San Francisco.

Other issues[link]

On December 13, 1973, Jones was arrested and charged with soliciting a man for sex in a movie theater bathroom known for homosexual activity, in MacArthur Park in Los Angeles.[98] The man was an undercover Los Angeles Police Department vice officer. Jones is on record as later telling his followers that he was "the only true heterosexual", but at least one account exists of his sexual abuse of a male member of his congregation in front of the followers, ostensibly to prove the man's own homosexual tendencies.[98]

While Jones banned sex among Temple members outside of marriage, he himself voraciously engaged in sexual relations with both male and female Temple members.[99][100] Jones, however, claimed that he detested engaging in homosexual activity and did so only for the male temple adherents' own good, purportedly to connect them symbolically with him (Jones).[99]

One of Jones' sources of inspiration was the controversial International Peace Mission movement leader Father Divine.[101] Jones had borrowed the term "revolutionary suicide"[102] from Black Panther leader and Peoples Temple supporter Huey Newton who had argued "the slow suicide of life in the ghetto" ought to be replaced by revolutionary struggle that would end only in victory (socialism and self determination) or revolutionary suicide (death).[citation needed]

Family aftermath[link]

Marceline
File:410 1 Marcy.jpg
Marceline (Marcy) Jones

Jim Jones' wife, Marceline, was found poisoned at the pavilion.[103] On the final morning of Ryan's visit, Marceline had taken reporters on a tour of Jonestown.[104]

Stephan, Jim Jr. and Tim Jones

Stephan, Jim Jr., and Tim Jones did not take part in the mass suicide because they were playing with the Peoples Temple basketball team against the Guyanese national team in Georgetown.[25][102] At the time of events in Jonestown, Stephan and Tim were both nineteen and Jim Jones Jr. was eighteen.[105] Tim's biological family, the Tuppers, which consisted of his three biological sisters,[106][107][108] biological brother,[109] and biological mother,[110] all died at Jonestown. Three days before the tragedy, Stephan Jones refused, over the radio, to comply with an order by his father to return the team to Jonestown for Ryan's visit.[111]

During the events at Jonestown, Stephan, Tim, and Jim Jones Jr. drove to the American Embassy in Guyana in an attempt to receive help. The Guyanese soldiers guarding the embassy refused to let them in after hearing about the shootings at the Port Kaituma airstrip.[112] Later, the three returned to the Temple's headquarters in Georgetown to find the bodies of Sharon Amos and her three children.[112] Guyanese soldiers kept the Jones brothers under house arrest for five days, interrogating them about the deaths in Georgetown.[112] Stephan Jones was accused of being involved in the Georgetown deaths, and was placed in a Guyanese prison for three months.[112] Tim Jones and Johnny Cobb, another member of the Peoples Temple basketball team, were asked to go to Jonestown and help identify the bodies of people who had died.[112] After returning to the United States, Jim Jones Jr. was placed under police surveillance for several months while he lived with his older sister, Suzanne, who had previously turned against the Temple.[112]

When Jonestown was first being established, Stephan Jones had originally avoided two attempts by his father to relocate to the settlement. He eventually moved to Jonestown after a third and final attempt. He has since said that he gave into his father's wishes to move to Jonestown because of his mother.[113] Stephan Jones is now a businessman, and married with three daughters. He appeared in the documentary Jonestown: Paradise Lost which aired on the History Channel and Discovery Channel. He stated he will not watch the documentary and has never grieved for his father.[114] Jim Jones Jr., who lost his wife and unborn child at Jonestown, returned to San Francisco. He remarried and has three sons from this marriage,[102] including Rob Jones, a high-school basketball star who went on to play for the University of San Diego before transferring to Saint Mary's College of California.[115]

Lew, Agnes and Suzanne Jones

Lew and Agnes Jones both died at Jonestown. Agnes Jones was thirty-five years old at the time of her death.[116] Her husband[117] and four children[118][119][120][121] all died at Jonestown. Lew Jones, who was twenty-one years old at the time of his death, died alongside his wife Terry and son Chaeoke.[122][123][124] Stephanie Jones had died at age five in a car accident.[25]

Suzanne Jones married Mike Cartmell; both turned against the Temple and were not in Jonestown on November 18, 1978. After this decision to abandon the Temple, Jones referred to Suzanne openly as "my goddamned, no good for nothing daughter" and stated that she was not to be trusted.[125] In a signed note found at the time of her death, Marceline Jones directed that the Jones' funds were to be given to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and specified: "I especially request that none of these are allowed to get into the hands of my adopted daughter, Suzanne Jones Cartmell."[126] Cartmell had two children and died of colon cancer in November 2006.[127][128] Found near Marceline Jones' body was a signed and witnessed will leaving all bank accounts "in my name" to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and writing that Suzanne Jones Cartmell should receive no assets.[129]

John Stoen and Kimo

Specific references to Tim Stoen, the father of John Stoen, including the logistics of possibly murdering him, are made on the Temple's final "death tape," as well as a discussion over whether the Temple should include John Stoen among those committing "revolutionary suicide."[92] At Jonestown, John Stoen was found poisoned in Jim Jones' cabin.[130]

Both Jim Jon (Kimo) and his mother, Carolyn Louise Moore Layton, died during the events at Jonestown.[131]

See also[link]

References[link]

Explanatory notes
  1. ^ While Jim Jones claimed to be partially of Cherokee descent through his mother Lynetta, this story was apparently not true. (Lindsay, Robert. "How Rev. Jim Jones and Black Spencer Gained His Power Over Followers". New York Times. November 26, 1978). Lynetta's cousin Barbara Shaffer said "there wasn't an ounce of Indian in our family." (Lindsay, Robert. "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His Power Over Followers". New York Times. November 26, 1978). Shaffer said that Lynetta was Welsh. ("Jones—The Dark Private Side Emerges". Los Angeles Times. November 24, 1978). The birth records for Lynetta have since been lost. (Kilduff, Marshall and Ron Javers. "Jim Jones Always Led — Or Wouldn't Play". San Francisco Chronicle. December 4, 1978).
Citations
  1. ^ Jones, Jim in conversation with John Maher. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 622." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. Archived 13 February 2011 at WebCite
  2. ^ Brazil, Jeff. "Jonestown's Horror Fades but Mystery Remain." Los Angeles Times. December 16, 1999.
  3. ^ Hall, John R. (1987). Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 0-88738-124-3. 
  4. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 9-10.
  5. ^ a b c Kilduff, Marshall and Javers, Ron. The Suicide Cult. Bantam Books, 1978. p. 10.
  6. ^ a b Hall, John R. (1987). Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 0-88738-124-3. 
  7. ^ a b c Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. American Experience, PBS.org.
  8. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 24.
  9. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 27.
  10. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1981. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 33.
  11. ^ a b c "Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - Timeline." PBS.org. 20 February 2007.
  12. ^ Knoll, James. Mass Suicide & the Jonestown Tragedy: Literature Summary. Jonestown Institute, San Diego State University. October 2007.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wessinger, Catherine. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven's Gate. Seven Bridges Press, 2000. ISBN 978-1-889119-24-3.
  14. ^ a b Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 134." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.]
  15. ^ a b c Horrock, Nicholas M., "Communist in 1950s", New York Times, December 17, 1978
  16. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 68.
  17. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 69.
  18. ^ a b c Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 71.
  19. ^ a b c d Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 72.
  20. ^ a b c Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 76.
  21. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 65.
  22. ^ a b c Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - People & Events PBS.org. 20 February 2007.
  23. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 63.
  24. ^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1023." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  25. ^ a b c d e Wessinger, Catherine. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven's Gate. 2000. ISBN 978-1-889119-24-3.
  26. ^ a b "The Wills of Jim Jones and Marceline Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  27. ^ "Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - Race and the Peoples Temple." PBS.org. 20 February 2007.
  28. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 77.
  29. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 78.
  30. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 79.
  31. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 81.
  32. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 82.
  33. ^ a b c Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 83.
  34. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 84.
  35. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 85-6.
  36. ^ a b c New York Times, "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His Power Over Followers," Robert Lindsay, November 26, 1978
  37. ^ Layton, Deborah. (1998) Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-385-48984-6. p. 53.
  38. ^ Jim Jones, Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1053
  39. ^ Jones, Jim. "The Letter Killeth." Original material reprint. Department of Religious Studies. San Diego State University.
  40. ^ See, e.g., Jones, Jim in conversation with John Maher, "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 622." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.]
  41. ^ Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. PBS.org.
  42. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 302-4.
  43. ^ Los Angeles Times, "First Lady Among Cult's References; Mondale, Califano also listed", November 21, 1978.
  44. ^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 799." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  45. ^ a b Kilduff, Marshall and Phil Tracy. "Inside Peoples Temple." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. August 1, 1977.
  46. ^ Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-385-48984-6. p. 105.
  47. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 308
  48. ^ "Another Day of Death." Time Magazine. 11 December 1978.
  49. ^ VanDeCarr, Paul "Death of dreams: in November 1978, Harvey Milk's murder and the mass suicides at Jonestown nearly broke San Francisco's spirit.", The Advocate, November 25, 2003
  50. ^ Sawyer, Mary My Lord, What a Mourning:’ Twenty Years Since Jonestown, Jonestown Institute at SDSU
  51. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 369.
  52. ^ Goodlett, Carlton B., Notes on Peoples Temple, reprinted in Moore, Rebecca and Fielding M. McGehee, III, The Need for a Second Look at Jonestown, Edwin Mellen Press, 1989, ISBN 0-88946-649-1
  53. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 282.
  54. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 285, 306 and 587.
  55. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 314
  56. ^ Layton, Deborah. (1998) Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-385-48984-6. p. 113.
  57. ^ Hall, John R. (1987). Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 0-88738-124-3. 
  58. ^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 50." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  59. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 451.
  60. ^ McCormick Maaga, Mary. Hearing the voices of Jonestown. Syracuse University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8156-0515-3.
  61. ^ Moore, Rebecca. "The Demographics of Jonestown. Jonestown Institute, San Diego State University, adapted from Moore, Rebecca, Anthony Pinn and Mary Sawyer. "Demographics and the Black Religious Culture of Peoples Temple." in Peoples Temple and Black Religion in America. Bloomington: Indiana Press University, 2005. 57-80)
  62. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 130-1
  63. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 445.
  64. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 377
  65. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 324
  66. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.
  67. ^ "Jim Jon (Kimo) Prokes". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  68. ^ Liebert, Larry, "What Politicians Say Now About Jones", San Francisco Chronicle, November 20, 1978
  69. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 327
  70. ^ Moore, Rebecca. A Sympathetic History of Jonestown. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 0-88946-860-5. p. 143.
  71. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 408
  72. ^ Hall, John R. (1987). Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-88738-124-3.  page 227
  73. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 458
  74. ^ Coleman, Loren, "The Copycat Effect", Simon & Schuster, 2004, page 68
  75. ^ Fishwick, Marshall, "Great Awakenings: Popular Religion and Popular Culture", Routledge, 1994, page 73
  76. ^ a b c Milk, Harvey Letter Addressed to President Jimmy Carter, Dated February 19, 1978
  77. ^ "Accusation of Human Rights Violations by Rev. James Warren Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. April 11, 1978.
  78. ^ a b c "Affidavit of Deborah Layton Blakey." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  79. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 440.
  80. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 481.
  81. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 476-480.
  82. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 487-8.
  83. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 519-20.
  84. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 524.
  85. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 516.
  86. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 527.
  87. ^ a b c d Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 529-31.
  88. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 533.
  89. ^ Who Died?, Alternative Considerations of Jonestown, San Diego State University
  90. ^ 1978: Mass suicide leaves 900 dead. BBC, November 18, 2005
  91. ^ Rapaport, Richard, Jonestown and City Hall slayings eerily linked in time and memory, San Francisco Chronicle, November 16, 2003
  92. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jim Jones, "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 42." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  93. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 559.
  94. ^ a b Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 390-91.
  95. ^ "Guyana Inquest — Interviews of Cecil Roberts & Cyril Mootoo" (PDF). http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/AboutJonestown/PrimarySources/GuyanaInquest.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-23. 
  96. ^ Jonestown: Paradise Lost, Interview of Stephan Jones, Documentary airing on Discovery Networks, 2007
  97. ^ Autopsy of Jim Jones by Kenneth H. Mueller, Jonestown Institute at SDSU
  98. ^ a b Wise, David. "Sex in Peoples Temple." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  99. ^ a b Paranoia And Delusions, Time Magazine, December 11, 1978
  100. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 176-77.
  101. ^ "FAQ: Who was the leader of Peoples Temple?" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  102. ^ a b c Fish, Jon and Chris Connelly (2007-10-05). "Outside the Lines: Grandson of Jonestown founder is making a name for himself". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/news/story?id=3047543&lpos=spotlight&lid=tab7pos2. Retrieved 2008-08-23. 
  103. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 565.
  104. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 505-6.
  105. ^ "Who Survived the Jonestown Tragedy?" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  106. ^ "Janet Marie Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  107. ^ "Mary Elizabeth Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  108. ^ "Ruth Ann Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  109. ^ "Larry Howard Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  110. ^ "Rita Jeanette Tupper Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  111. ^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 474-75.
  112. ^ a b c d e f Smith, Gary. "Escaping Jonestown." Sports Illustrated. CNN.com. 24 December 2007.
  113. ^ Jones, Stephan. - "Marceline/Mom" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  114. ^ Brownstein, Bill. "The son who survived Jonestown." The Gazette. Canada. 9 March 2007.
  115. ^ "22 - Rob Jones." University of San Diego Official Athletic Site. Accessed: 2009-10-03. Archived by WebCite
  116. ^ Agnes Paulette Jones Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple]. San Diego State University.
  117. ^ "Forrest Ray Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  118. ^ "Billy Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  119. ^ "Jimbo Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  120. ^ "Michael Ray Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  121. ^ "Stephanie Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  122. ^ Lew Eric Jones Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  123. ^ "Terry Carter Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  124. ^ "Chaeoke Warren Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  125. ^ FBI Tape Q 265 - October 17, 1978 address. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  126. ^ "November 18 1978 Letter from Marceline Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  127. ^ Who Has Died Since 18 November 1978? Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
  128. ^ Smith, Gary. "Escape From Jonestown" Sports Illustrated CNN.com. 24 December 2007.
  129. ^ "Letter from Marceline Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
  130. ^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1)
  131. ^ "Carolyn Louise Moore Layton" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
Bibliography

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Jim_Jones

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Jim Jones

http://cs.wn.com/Jim Jones

http://id.wn.com/James Warren Jones

http://es.wn.com/Jim Jones (pastor)

http://ru.wn.com/Джон�?, Джейм�? Уоррен

http://nl.wn.com/Jim Jones

http://pt.wn.com/Jim Jones

http://pl.wn.com/Jim Jones (przywódca sekty)

http://fr.wn.com/Jim Jones (pasteur)

http://de.wn.com/Jim Jones




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jones

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Warren Zevon
Zevon in a promotional picture from 2000.
Zevon in a promotional picture from 2000.
Background information
Birth name Warren William Zevon
Also known as Sandy Zevon
Stephen Lyme
Born (1947-01-24)January 24, 1947
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Died September 7, 2003(2003-09-07) (aged 56)
Los Angeles, California, United States
Genres Rock, Country rock, folk rock, Americana, hard rock, piano rock, blues rock
Occupations Singer-songwriter, musician
Instruments Vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica
Years active 1965–2003
Labels White Whale, Imperial, Asylum, Virgin, Giant, Reprise, Warner Bros., Artemis, Koch Entertainment
Associated acts CBS Orchestra, Billy Bob Thornton, Jackson Browne, David Lindley, Waddy Wachtel, Bruce Springsteen, Dwight Yoakam, Hindu Love Gods, Linda Ronstadt, The Everly Brothers, Don Everly, Phil Everly, Richie Hayward, Jack Casady, Chick Corea, Jerry Garcia, David Gilmour, Neil Young, Don Henley, Timothy B. Schmit, Bob Dylan, Joe Walsh, Emmylou Harris, Tom Petty, The Eagles, R.E.M., Manfred Mann, The Turtles, lyme and cybelle, Rock Bottom Remainders
Website www.warrenzevon.com

Warren William Zevon /�?zi�?vɒn/ (January 24, 1947 – September 7, 2003) was an American rock singer-songwriter and musician noted for including his sometimes sardonic opinions of life in his musical lyrics, composing songs that were sometimes humorous and often had political or historical themes.

Zevon's work has often been praised by well-known musicians, including Jackson Browne, Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young.[1] His best-known compositions include "Werewolves of London", "Lawyers, Guns and Money", "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner" and "Johnny Strikes Up The Band," all of which are featured on his third album, Excitable Boy (1978). Other well-known songs written by Zevon have been recorded by other artists, including "Poor Poor Pitiful Me" (a top 40 hit by Linda Ronstadt), "Accidentally Like a Martyr," "Mohammed's Radio", "Carmelita", and "Hasten Down the Wind".

Along with his own compositions, Zevon recorded or performed occasional covers, including Bob Dylan's "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" and Leonard Cohen's "First We Take Manhattan". He was a frequent guest on Late Night with David Letterman and The Late Show with David Letterman. Letterman later performed guest vocals on "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)" with Paul Shaffer and members of the CBS Orchestra on Warren Zevon's "My Ride Is Here" album.

Contents

Early life[link]

Zevon was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Beverly Cope (Simmons) and William Zevon. His father was a Jewish immigrant from Russia, and his original surname was "Zivotovsky"; his mother was from a Mormon family.[2][3][4] They moved to Fresno, California. By the age of thirteen, Zevon was an occasional visitor to the home of Igor Stravinsky where he, alongside Robert Craft, briefly studied modern classical music. Zevon's parents divorced when he was 16 years old and he soon quit high school and moved from Los Angeles to New York to become a folk singer.[citation needed]

Zevon turned to a musical career early, including a stretch with high school friend Violet Santangelo as a musical duo called lyme & cybelle (exercising artistic license, the band name eschewed capitalization).[citation needed] He spent time as a session musician and jingle composer. He wrote several songs for his White Whale label-mates the Turtles ("Like the Seasons" and "Outside Chance"), though his participation in their recording is unknown.[citation needed] Another early composition ("She Quit Me") was included in the soundtrack for the film Midnight Cowboy (1969). (To suit its place in the film, the song was re-recorded as the female-centric "He Quit Me.") Zevon's first attempt at a solo album, Wanted Dead or Alive (1969), was produced by 1960s cult figure Kim Fowley but did not sell well. Flashes of Zevon's later writing preoccupations of romantic loss and noir-ish violence are present in songs like "Tule's Blues" and "A Bullet for Ramona". Zevon's second effort, Leaf in the Wind, was called by his son, Jordan, "A bullshit money grab by the label".[citation needed]

During the early 1970s, Zevon toured regularly with the Everly Brothers as keyboard player and band leader/musical coordinator.[citation needed] Later during the same decade he toured and recorded with Don Everly and Phil Everly, separately, as they tried to launch solo careers after their break-up. His dissatisfaction with his career (and a lack of funds) led him to move to Spain in the summer of 1975, where he lived and played in The Dubliner Bar, a small tavern in Sitges near Barcelona owned by David Lindell, a former mercenary. Together they composed "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner".[citation needed]

Return to L.A. and major-label debut[link]

By September 1975, Zevon had returned to Los Angeles, where he roomed with then-unknown Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham. There, he collaborated with Jackson Browne, who in 1976 produced and promoted Zevon's self-titled major-label debut. Contributors to this album included Nicks, Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, John McVie, members of the Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, and Bonnie Raitt. Ronstadt elected to record many of his songs, including "Hasten Down the Wind," "Carmelita", "Poor Poor Pitiful Me", and "Mohammed's Radio." Zevon's first tour in 1977 included guest appearances in the middle of Jackson Browne concerts, one of which is documented on a widely circulated bootleg recording of a Dutch radio program under the title The Offender meets the Pretender.

Though a much darker and more ironic songwriter than Browne and other leading figures of the era's L.A.-based singer-songwriter movement, Zevon shared with his 1970s L.A. peers a grounding in earlier folk and country influences and a commitment to a writerly style of songcraft with roots in the work of artists like Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell. Though only a modest commercial success, the Browne-produced Warren Zevon (1976) would later be termed a masterpiece in the first edition of the Rolling Stone Record Guide and is cited in the book's most recently revised (November 2004) edition as Zevon's most realized work. Representative tracks include the junkie's lament "Carmelita," the Copland-esque outlaw ballad "Frank and Jesse James," "The French Inhaler," a scathing insider's look at life and lust in the L.A. music business (which was, in fact about his first wife and mother to his son Jordan) and "Desperados Under the Eaves", a chronicle of Zevon's increasing alcoholism.

Success[link]

Zevon touring solo in Heidelberg as the opener for Jackson Browne, 1976

In 1978, Zevon released Excitable Boy (produced by Jackson Browne and guitarist Waddy Wachtel) to critical acclaim and popular success. The title tune (about a juvenile sociopath's murderous prom night) name-checked "Little Susie", the heroine of former employers the Everly Brothers' tune "Wake Up Little Susie", while songs such as "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner" and "Lawyers, Guns and Money" used deadpan humor to wed geopolitical subtexts to hard-boiled narratives. Tracks from this album received heavy FM airplay and the single release "Werewolves of London", which featured Mick Fleetwood and John McVie, was a relatively lighthearted version of Zevon's signature macabre outlook and a Top 30 success.

Critic Dave Marsh, in The Rolling Stone Record Guide (1979), called Zevon "one of the toughest rockers ever to come out of Southern California".[5]:427 Rolling Stone called the album one of the most significant releases of the 1970s and placed him alongside Neil Young, Jackson Browne, and Bruce Springsteen as one of the four most important new artists to emerge in the decade.

Zevon followed Excitable Boy with 1980's Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School. This album was dedicated to Ken Millar, better known under his nom-de-plume as detective novelist Ross Macdonald. Millar was a literary hero of Zevon's who met the singer for the first time while participating in an intervention organized by Rolling Stone journalist Paul Nelson that helped Zevon temporarily curtail his addictions. Featuring a modest hit with the single "A Certain Girl" (Zevon's cover of a R&B record by Ernie K-Doe scored #57 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart), the album sold briskly but was uneven, and represented a decline rather than commercial and critical consistency. It contained a collaboration with Bruce Springsteen called "Jeannie Needs a Shooter", and the ballad "Empty-Handed Heart" featuring a descant sung by Linda Ronstadt, which dealt with Zevon's divorce from wife Crystal. (Crystal is the only woman he married legally although she is often listed erroneously as his "second wife".[6] Marilyn "Tule" Livingston, the mother of his son Jordan, and Zevon were in a long-term relationship but never married.) Later during 1980, he released the live album Stand in the Fire (dedicated to Martin Scorsese), recorded over five nights at The Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles.

Personal crisis and first comeback[link]

Zevon's 1982 release The Envoy returned to the high standard of Excitable Boy but was not a commercial success.[7] It was an eclectic but characteristic set that included such compositions as "Ain't That Pretty at All," "Charlie's Medicine" and "Jesus Mentioned," the first of Zevon's two musical reactions to the death of Elvis Presley (the other is the song "Porcelain Monkey" on Life'll Kill Ya in 2000). The title track was dedicated to Philip Habib, U.S. special envoy to the Middle East during the early 1980s. In the liner notes for the 1996 I'll Sleep When I'm Dead anthology, Zevon stated that after the song came out, Habib sent him "a very nice letter of appreciation on State Department stationery". The lyrics from another track, "The Hula Hula Boys," were excerpted in Hunter S. Thompson's 1983 book, The Curse of Lono.

In 1983, the recently divorced Zevon became engaged to Philadelphia DJ Anita Gevinson and moved to the East Coast.[8] After the disappointing reception for The Envoy, Zevon's distributor Asylum Records ended their business relationship, which Zevon discovered only when he read about it in the Random Notes gossip column of Rolling Stone. The trauma allegedly caused him to relapse into serious alcoholism and he voluntarily checked himself into an unnamed rehab clinic somewhere in Minnesota in 1984. His relationship with Gevinson ended shortly thereafter.[8] Zevon retreated from the music business for several years, during which he finally overcame severe alcohol and drug addictions.

During this interim period, Zevon collaborated with Bill Berry, Peter Buck and Mike Mills (of R.E.M.), along with backup vocalist Bryan Cook to form a minor project called Hindu Love Gods. The group released the non-charting single "Narrator" on the IRS label in 1984, then went into abeyance for several years.

Berry, Buck and Mills served as the core of Zevon's next studio band when he re-emerged in 1987 by signing with Virgin Records and recording the album Sentimental Hygiene. The release, hailed as his best since Excitable Boy, featured a thicker rock sound and taut, often humorous songs like "Detox Mansion," "Bad Karma" (which featured R.E.M. lead singer Michael Stipe on backup vocals), and "Reconsider Me." Included were contributions from Neil Young, Bob Dylan, Flea, Brian Setzer, George Clinton, as well as Berry, Buck, and Mills. Also on hand were longtime collaborators Jorge Calderón and Waddy Wachtel.

During the Sentimental Hygiene sessions, Zevon also participated in an all-night jam session with Berry, Buck and Mills, as they worked their way through rock and blues numbers by the likes of Bo Diddley, Muddy Waters, Robert Johnson and Prince. Though the sessions were not initially intended for release, they eventually saw the light of day as a Hindu Love Gods album.

The immediate follow-up to Sentimental Hygiene was 1989's Transverse City, a futuristic concept album inspired by Zevon's interest in the work of cyberpunk science fiction author William Gibson. It featured guests including Little Feat drummer Richie Hayward, Jefferson Airplane bassist Jack Casady, keyboard player Chick Corea and guitarists Jerry Garcia, Jorma Kaukonen, Pink Floyd's David Gilmour and Neil Young. Key tracks include the title song, "Splendid Isolation," "Run Straight Down" (which had a promotional video that featured Zevon singing in a factory while Gilmour played his guitar solos) and "They Moved the Moon," the latter among Zevon's eerier ballads.

Later years and second comeback[link]

Transverse City was a commercial disappointment, and Virgin Records ended its relationship with Zevon soon after the album's release. Zevon, however, contracted almost immediately with Giant Records, and the first issue under Zevon's contract with his new distributor was the self-titled Hindu Love Gods album recorded during the Sentimental Hygiene sessions. The album included a cover of Prince's "Raspberry Beret", which became a #23 Modern Rock hit in the U.S.

In 1991, Zevon, once again a solo artist, released Mr. Bad Example. This album featured the modest pop hit "Searching for a Heart" and the rocker "Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead", later utilized for the title of the neo-noir film of the same name directed by Gary Fleder; after some skirmishing over the unauthorized use of Zevon's song title, the Zevon track was licensed to play over the film's end credits. Zevon also sang lead vocals on the song "Casey Jones" from the Grateful Dead tribute album, Deadicated (although the cut is credited to regular collaborator David Lindley).

Zevon toured the United States (with the Odds), Europe, and Australia and New Zealand during this period.

Owing to his reduced circumstances, his performances were often true solo efforts (with minimal accompaniment on piano and guitar); 1993's live Learning to Flinch documents such a tour. The disc received some airplay on college radio and was considered Zevon's version of Unplugged. Zevon often played in Colorado to allow for an opportunity to visit with his long-time friend Hunter S. Thompson.

A lifelong fan of "hard-boiled" fiction, Zevon was friendly with several well-known writers who also collaborated on his songwriting during this period, including Thompson, Carl Hiaasen and Mitch Albom. Zevon also served as musical coordinator and occasional guitarist for an ad-hoc rock music group called the Rock Bottom Remainders, a collection of writers performing rock and roll standards at book fairs and other events. This group included Stephen King, Dave Barry, Matt Groening and Amy Tan, among other popular writers, and it has continued to perform one benefit concert per year since Zevon's death.

An affiliated project for which Zevon both played and wrote liner notes is the offbeat 1998 album Stranger Than Fiction, a two CD set attributed to the Wrockers containing rock covers and originals by many of the Remainders authors plus such notables as Norman Mailer and Maya Angelou. Zevon oversaw music for the short-lived revival of the NBC series Route 66 (1993), contributing that series' main title theme, "If You Won't Leave Me I'll Find Somebody Who Will". His music was also featured in several of William Shatner's TekWar movies from 1994 to 1996 (he is listed as "theme music composer" in the opening credits, and his song "Real or Not" was used as the show's theme song.)

Occasionally, between 1982 and 2001, Zevon filled in for Paul Shaffer as bandleader on Late Night with David Letterman and later Late Show with David Letterman. One example was in 1998 when Shaffer traveled to Canada to film his cameo in Blues Brothers 2000.

In 1995, Zevon released the self-produced Mutineer. The title track was frequently covered by Bob Dylan on his U.S. Fall Tour in 2002.[9] Zevon's cover of cult artist Judee Sill's "Jesus Was a Crossmaker" predated the wider rediscovery of her work a decade later. The album, however, suffered the worst sales of Zevon's career, in part because his label, superagent Irving Azoff's short-lived Giant Records, was in the process of going out of business. Rhino Records released a Zevon "best-of" compilation in 1996, I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (An Anthology). Zevon also appeared on the Larry Sanders Show on HBO, in 1993, playing himself as a guest on the show, promoting Learning to Flinch. (Ironically, he and actor John Ritter, who guest starred on the same episode, died within four days of each other in September of 2003.) Zevon also played himself on two episodes of Suddenly Susan in 1999 along with singer/actor Rick Springfield.

After another five-year layoff, Zevon signed with industry veteran Danny Goldberg's Artemis Records and again rebounded with the mortality-themed 2000 release Life'll Kill Ya, containing the hymn-like "Don't Let Us Get Sick" and an austere version of Steve Winwood's 1980s hit "Back in the High Life Again". With record sales reasonably brisk and music critics giving Zevon his best notices since Excitable Boy, Life'll Kill Ya is seen as his second comeback. He followed with 2002's My Ride's Here (with morbid prescience of things to come), which included "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)" (which was co-written by Tuesdays with Morrie author Mitch Albom, and featured Paul Shaffer, the "Late Night" band and a spoken guest vocal from TV host David Letterman) and the ballad "Genius", later taken as the title for a 2002 Zevon anthology, and a song whose string section illustrates the lasting influence of Stravinsky on Zevon's work.

At about this time, he and his neighbor actor Billy Bob Thornton formed a close friendship catalyzed by their common experiences with obsessive-compulsive disorder and the fact they lived in the same apartment building.[6]

[edit] Cancer, death and The Wind

In interviews, Zevon described a lifelong phobia of doctors and said he seldom received medical assessment. Shortly before playing at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival in 2002, he started feeling dizzy and developed a chronic cough. After a period of suffering with pain and shortness of breath, Zevon was encouraged by his dentist to see a physician; he was diagnosed with inoperable peritoneal mesothelioma (a form of cancer associated with exposure to asbestos). Refusing treatments he believed might incapacitate him, Zevon instead began recording his final album, The Wind which includes guest appearances by close friends including Bruce Springsteen, Don Henley, Jackson Browne, Timothy B. Schmit, Joe Walsh, David Lindley, Billy Bob Thornton, Emmylou Harris, Tom Petty, Dwight Yoakam, and others. It has been said that the decision to include "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" was his, much to the dismay of the others in the project. At the request of the music television channel VH1, documentarian Nick Read was given access to the sessions; his cameras documented a man who retained his mordant sense of humor, even as his health was deteriorating over time.

On October 30, 2002, Zevon was featured on the Late Show with David Letterman as the only guest for the entire hour. The band played "I'll Sleep When I'm Dead" as his introduction. Zevon performed several songs and spoke at length about his illness. Zevon was a frequent guest and occasional substitute bandleader on Letterman's television shows since Late Night was first broadcast in 1982. He noted, "I might have made a tactical error in not going to a physician for 20 years." It was during this broadcast that, when asked by Letterman if he knew something more about life and death now, he first offered his oft-quoted insight on dying: "Enjoy every sandwich." He also took time to thank Letterman for his years of support, calling him "the best friend my music's ever had". For his final song of the evening, and his final public performance, Zevon performed "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner" at Letterman's request. In the green room after the show, Zevon presented Letterman with the guitar that he always used on the show, with a single request: "Here, I want you to have this, take good care of it."[10] The day after Zevon's death, Letterman paid tribute to Zevon by replaying his performance of Mutineer from his last appearance. The Late Show band played Zevon's songs throughout the night.

Zevon stated previously that his illness was expected to be terminal within months after the diagnosis in the fall of 2002; however, he lived to see the birth of twin grandsons in June 2003 and the release of The Wind on August 26, 2003. Owing in part to the first VH1 broadcasts of Nick Read's documentary Warren Zevon: Keep Me In Your Heart, the album reached number 16 on the US charts, Zevon's highest placement since Excitable Boy. When his diagnosis became public, Zevon told the media that he just hoped to live long enough to see the next James Bond movie, a goal he accomplished. Coincidentally, the film was titled Die Another Day.

Warren Zevon died on September 7, 2003, aged 56, at his home in Los Angeles, California. The Wind was certified gold by the RIAA in December 2003 and Zevon received five posthumous Grammy nominations, including Song of the Year for the ballad "Keep Me In Your Heart". The Wind won two Grammys, with the album itself receiving the award for Best Contemporary Folk Album, while "Disorder in the House", Zevon's duet with Bruce Springsteen, was awarded Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocal. These posthumous awards were the first Grammys of Zevon's thirty-plus year career. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean near Los Angeles.

Posthumous releases and biographical works[link]

A tribute album titled Enjoy Every Sandwich: Songs of Warren Zevon was released October 19, 2004. Zevon's son, Jordan Zevon, acting as executive producer on the album and performing "Studebaker", a previously unfinished Warren Zevon composition. A second tribute album, titled Hurry Home Early: the Songs of Warren Zevon (the line "hurry home early" from the song "Boom Boom Mancini", on Sentimental Hygiene) was released by Wampus Multimedia on July 8, 2005.

On February 14, 2006, VH1 Classic premiered a music video from a new compilation, Reconsider Me: The Love Songs. The video, titled "She's Too Good For Me", aired every hour on the hour throughout the day.

First and last issues of the Zevon albums Stand in the Fire and The Envoy were released on March 27, 2007 by Rhino Records alongside a Rhino re-issue of Excitable Boy, with the three Cd's having four unreleased bonus tracks each. Noteworthy rarities include the outtakes "Word of Mouth" and "The Risk" from the Envoy sessions, and "Frozen Notes (Strings Version)", a melancholy outtake from Excitable Boy performed on acoustic piano with a string quartet. Also included on the expanded Excitable Boy CD is the brief but hilarious "I Need A Truck", Zevon's first-ever a cappella studio release.

On May 1, 2007, Ammal Records, the new label started up as a partnership with New West Records by Zevon's former boss at Artemis Danny Goldberg, released Preludes - Rare and Unreleased Recordings, a two-disc anthology of Zevon demos and alternate versions culled from 126 pre-1976 recordings that were kept in a suitcase. The album contains five previously unreleased songs: "Empty Hearted Town", "Going All the Way", "Steady Rain", "Stop Rainin` Lord" and "The Rosarita Beach Cafe", along with Zevon's original demo for "Studebaker". Selections from an interview between Zevon and Austin-based radio personality Jody Denberg are blended with about 40 minutes of music on the collection's second disc.

I'll Sleep When I'm Dead: The Dirty Life and Times of Warren Zevon, a biography/oral history compiled by ex-wife Crystal Zevon, was published in 2007 by Ecco Books. The book is made up of interwoven interviews from many of Zevon's friends and associates, and is notable for its unvarnished portrayal of Zevon (at his request).

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Year Album Billboard Top 200
1969 Wanted Dead or Alive -
1976 Warren Zevon 189
1978 Excitable Boy 8
1980 Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School 20
1982 The Envoy 93
1987 Sentimental Hygiene 63
1989 Transverse City -
1991 Mr. Bad Example -
1995 Mutineer -
2000 Life'll Kill Ya 173
2002 My Ride's Here -
2003 The Wind 12

Live albums[link]

Year Album Billboard Top 200
1980 Stand in the Fire 80
1993 Learning to Flinch 198

Compilations[link]

Year Album Billboard Top 200
1986 A Quiet Normal Life: The Best of Warren Zevon -
1996 I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (An Anthology) -
2002 Genius: The Best of Warren Zevon 168
2003 The First Sessions -
2006 Reconsider Me: The Love Songs -
2007 Preludes: Rare and Unreleased Recordings -

Singles[link]

Year Name Billboard Hot 100 US Mainstream
1978 "Werewolves Of London" 21 -
1980 "A Certain Girl" 57 -
1982 "Let Nothing Come Between You" - 24
1987 "Sentimental Hygiene" - 9
1987 "Detox Mansion" - 44
1987 "Run Straight Down" - 30

References[link]

  1. ^ Warren Zevon, I'll Sleep When I'm Dead: An Anthology (Artemis Records), liner notes.
  2. ^ "Warren Zevon's last waltz. - Page 4 - New York Times". Nytimes.com. 2003-01-26. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/magazine/warren-zevon-s-last-waltz.html?pagewanted=4&src=pm. Retrieved 2012-03-31. 
  3. ^ "Ancestry of Warren Zevon". Wargs.com. http://www.wargs.com/other/zevon.html. Retrieved 2012-02-07. 
  4. ^ "Musician Warren Zevon Dies; Wrote 'Werewolves of London'". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.). September 9, 2003. 
  5. ^ Marsh, Dave and John Swenson, eds. The Rolling Stone Record Guide. First Edition. New York: Random House, 1979.
  6. ^ a b Zevon, Crystal (2008). 'll Sleep When I'm Dead: The Dirty Life and Times of Warren Zevon. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-076349-7. 
  7. ^ Heffernan, Virginia, Warren Zevon, The New York Times, http://movies.nytimes.com/person/78550/Warren-Zevon, retrieved May 27, 2010 
  8. ^ a b Valania, Jonathan (November 20, 2002). "An Excitable Boy, They All Said". Philadelphia Weekly.
  9. ^ "Dylan set lists at Olaf's Files for 2002". www.bjorner.com. http://www.bjorner.com/2002%206%207.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-29. 
  10. ^ "David Letterman Hints At The End Of His Late Night Career, Defends Leno Against NBC's Decision". The Huffington Post. September 3, 2008. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/03/david-letterman-hints-at_n_123450.html. Retrieved 2010-06-29. 
  • Ellis, Iain (2008). Rebels Wit Attitude: Subversive Rock Humorists. Soft Skull/Counterpoint. ISBN 978-1-59376-206-3. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Warren_Zevon

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Зивон, Уоррен

http://fr.wn.com/Warren Zevon

http://nl.wn.com/Warren Zevon

http://de.wn.com/Warren Zevon

http://it.wn.com/Warren Zevon

http://pl.wn.com/Warren Zevon

http://cs.wn.com/Warren Zevon

http://es.wn.com/Warren Zevon




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Beyoncé

Beyoncé Knowles in 2011
Background information
Birth name Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
Also known as Sasha Fierce
Born (1981-09-04) September 4, 1981 (age 30)[1]
Origin Houston, Texas, U.S.
Genres R&B, pop, soul, hip hop
Occupations Singer-songwriter, record producer, actress, dancer, choreographer, model, fashion designer
Instruments Vocals
Years active 1997–present
Labels Columbia
Associated acts Destiny's Child, Jay-Z, Solange Knowles, Kanye West, Lady Gaga
Website

www.beyonceonline.com
www.beyonce.com


Beyoncé signature.svg
Beyoncé's autograph

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter[2][3] (née Beyoncé Giselle Knowles; September 4, 1981), known mononymously as Beyoncé (play /bi�?jɒns/ bee-YON-say), is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she enrolled in various performing arts schools and was first exposed to singing and dancing competitions as a child. Knowles rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.

During the hiatus of Destiny's Child, Knowles released her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love, in 2003, which spawned two number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100—"Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy"—and became one of the most successful albums of that year, earning her a then record-tying five Grammy Awards. Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2005, Knowles released her second solo album, B'Day, in 2006, which spawned the top 10 singles "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable" and "Beautiful Liar". Her third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), spawned the hit singles "If I Were a Boy", "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", "Halo" and "Sweet Dreams". The album helped Knowles earn six Grammys in 2010, breaking the record for most Grammy Awards won by a female artist in one night. Knowles' fourth solo album, 4 (2011), became her fourth consecutive number one album on the Billboard 200 as a solo artist. This made her the third artist in history to have her first four studio albums debut atop the chart.

Apart from her work in music, Knowles has also ventured into acting and designing clothes and perfumes. She made her acting debut in the musical film Carmen: A Hip Hopera (2001), prior to appearing in major films, including Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002), Dreamgirls (2006), which earned her two Golden Globe nominations, Cadillac Records (2008) and Obsessed (2009). In 2005, Knowles and her mother introduced their family's fashion line, House of Deréon, and in 2010, she released her first perfume, Heat. She has endorsed brands including, L'Oréal, Pepsi, Tommy Hilfiger, Nintendo and Vizio. In 2010, Knowles was ranked first on Forbes list of the "100 Most Powerful and Influential Musicians in the World",[4] and second on its list of the "100 Most Powerful and Influential Celebrities in the World".[5] In 2012, she was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People magazine.

Knowles' work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including 16 Grammy Awards, 11 MTV Video Music Awards, four American Music Awards, a Billboard Millennium Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame with Destiny's Child. In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the 2000s decade,[6] and ranked her as the 4th overall Artist of the Decade (and as the First Female Artist of that period).[7] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), also recognized Knowles as the Top Certified Artist of the 2000s.[8][9] In the US, Knowles has sold over 11.2 million albums as of May 2010,[10] and more than 30.4 million digital singles as of January 2012.[11] She has sold 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.[12] Knowles appeared on VH1's 2010 list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time",[13] and ranked third on their "100 Greatest Women in Music" list in 2012.[14] In April 2008, Knowles married American rapper Jay-Z, and gave birth to their first child, Blue Ivy Carter, in January 2012.

Contents

Biography[link]

1981–96: Early life and career beginnings[link]

Knowles was born in Houston, Texas

Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, the daughter of Mathew Knowles, a professional record manager, and Tina Knowles (née Beyincé), a costume designer and hair stylist. Knowles' father is African American. Her mother, a Louisiana Creole, has African, French, Native American, and Irish ancestry; she is a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard.[15][16] Knowles was baptized after her mother's maiden name, as a tribute to her mother.[15] She is the elder sister of Solange Knowles, a singer, songwriter and actress.

Knowles was educated at St. Mary's Elementary School in Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes, including ballet and jazz. Her talent in singing was discovered when her dance instructor began humming a song and she finished it, hitting the high-pitched notes.[17] Knowles' interest in music and performing began after participating in a school talent show. She sang John Lennon's "Imagine" and won the competition.[18][19] At age seven, Knowles started gaining attention from the press, having been mentioned in the Houston Chronicle as a nominee for the local performing arts award The Sammy.[20] In the fall of 1990, Knowles enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she would perform on-stage with the school's choir.[17] She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in Houston[21] and later went to Alief Elsik High School, located in the Houston suburban munincipality, Alief.[15][22] Knowles was a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church for two years, performing as a soloist.[17][23]

At the age of eight, Knowles met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group.[24] They, along with Knowles' childhood friend Kelly Rowland, were placed into a group that performed rapping and dancing.[25] Originally named Girl's Tyme, they were eventually cut down to six members.[17] West coast R&B producer Arne Frager flew into Houston to see them. He eventually brought them to his studio, The Plant Recording Studios, in Northern California, with Knowles' vocals being featured.[17] As part of efforts to sign Girl's Tyme to a major label record deal, Frager's strategy was to début them in Star Search, the biggest talent show on national TV at the time.[17] Girl's Tyme participated in the competition but lost it because the song they performed was not good, Knowles herself admitted.[26][27] Knowles had her first "professional setback" after that defeat but regained confidence after learning that pop stars Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake had also the same experience.[17] To manage the group, Knowles' father (who was at that time a medical-equipment salesman) resigned in 1995 from his job.[28] He dedicated his time and established a "boot camp" for their training.[29] The move reduced Knowles' family's income by half and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments.[15] Not long after the inclusion of Rowland, Mathew cut the original lineup to four,[17] with LeToya Luckett joining in 1993.[24] Rehearsing in Tina's Headliners Salon and their backyards, the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups of the time;[24] Tina contributed to the cause by designing their costumes, which she continued to do throughout the Destiny's Child era. With the continued support of Mathew, they auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records. They moved to Atlanta to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the record company in 1995. They returned home to start over again.[15] This eventually put a strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated briefly when she was 14. In 1996, the family reunited, and shortly after, the girls got a contract with Columbia Records.[18]

1997–2001: Destiny's Child era and depression[link]

Destiny's Child performing "Say My Name"

The group changed its name to Destiny's Child in 1993, based on a passage in the Book of Isaiah.[24] Together, they performed in local events and after four years on the road, the group was signed to Columbia Records in late 1997. That same year, Destiny's Child recorded their major label début song "Killing Time" for the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black.[24][27] The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album,[26] scoring their first major hit "No, No, No". The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, amassing moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Single for "No, No, No", Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year and Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist.[24] The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as "Bills, Bills, Bills", the group's first number-one single, "Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name", which became their most-successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Grammy Awards.[24] The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies.[26] During this time, Knowles recorded a duet with Marc Nelson on the song "After All Is Said and Done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man.

Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit against the group for breach of contract. Michelle Williams and Farrah Franklin appeared in the music video of "Say My Name", implying that Luckett and Roberson had already been replaced.[24] Eventually, Luckett and Roberson left the group. Franklin would eventually fade from the group after five months,[26] as evidenced by her absences during promotional appearances and concerts. She attributed her departure to negative vibes in the group resulting from the strife.[24] During this time, Knowles had experienced depression from an accumulation of struggles: the publicized split of Luckett and Roberson, being publicly attacked by the media, critics and blogs for causing the split-up,[30] and a longstanding boyfriend (that she had dated from age 13 to 19) leaving her.[31][32] The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything. Knowles stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously.[33] All of these events had made her question herself and who her friends were, describing the situation she said, "Now that I was famous, I was afraid I'd never find somebody again to love me for me. I was afraid of making new friends."[31] She acknowledges her mother Tina Knowles for helping her out of her depression, saying: "Why do you think a person wouldn't love you? Don't you know how smart and sweet and beautiful you are?"[31]

After settling on their final lineup, the trio recorded "Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks.[24] Later that year, Luckett and Roberson withdrew their case against their now-former band mates, while maintaining the suit against Mathew, which ended in both sides agreeing to stop public disparaging.[24] In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Knowles landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet.[34] Luckett and Roberson refiled their lawsuit after Destiny's Child's third album Survivor was released in May 2001, claiming that the songs were aimed at them.[24] The album débuted at number one on US Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold.[35] To date, Survivor has sold over ten million copies worldwide, over forty percent of which were sold in the US alone.[36] The album spawned other number-one hits, "Bootylicious" and the title track, "Survivor", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to pursue solo careers.[24]

[edit] 2002–05: Films, Dangerously in Love and Destiny Fulfilled

In 2002, Knowles co-starred in the comedy film Austin Powers in Goldmember, playing Foxxy Cleopatra, opposite Mike Myers.[37] Knowles recorded her first solo single "Work It Out", for the film's soundtrack.[38] The following year, she starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the romantic comedy film, The Fighting Temptations, and recorded numerous songs for the film's soundtrack, including "Fighting Temptation" and a cover version of "Fever".[39][40] In October 2002, Knowles was featured on her then-boyfriend Jay-Z's single "'03 Bonnie & Clyde". In the United States, the song peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the Rap Songs chart.[41] In March 2003, Knowles released a remix of 50 Cent's single "In Da Club", which made its way onto several mixtapes.[42]

Knowles performing "Baby Boy"

After Williams and Rowland released their solo efforts, Knowles released her début solo album Dangerously in Love in June 2003.[43] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 317,000 copies sold.[44] It was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[45] Dangerously in Love has sold over 4.6 million copies in the United States,[46] and 11 million copies worldwide.[47] It remains as Knowles' best-selling album to date. The album's lead single "Crazy in Love", featuring Jay-Z, spent eight consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[48] The album's second single "Baby Boy", featuring dancehall singer Sean Paul, spent nine consecutive weeks at number one.[49] The album's third single "Me, Myself and I", peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100, while "Naughty Girl", the fourth single, peaked at number three, and became Knowles' fourth consecutive top-five release from Dangerously in Love, and her fifth top-five hit as a solo artist.[50] The album led Knowles to win a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Dangerously in Love 2", Best R&B Song, Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.[51] In November 2003, Knowles embarked on her Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe.

In March 2004, Knowles joined Alicia Keys, Missy Elliott and Tamia for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. Knowles had originally planned to release a follow-up to Dangerously in Love in March 2004, which would feature some of the left-over recordings from the album.[52] However, Knowles decided to put the album on hold in order to concentrate on the next Destiny's Child album.[53] After a three-year journey that involved concentration on individual solo projects, Knowles rejoined Rowland and Williams to release their fourth and final album Destiny Fulfilled in November 2004.[24] The album peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart. It was certified three times platinum by the RIAA.[54] Destiny Fulfilled has sold over 3.1 million copies in the United States.[55] The album spawned the hit singles "Lose My Breath", "Soldier" and "Cater 2 U".[56] In April 2005, Destiny's Child embarked on their Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It tour, which ended in September of that year. During the last stop of their European leg of the tour in Barcelona, Spain, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour.[57]

A compilation album titled Number 1's, featuring the group's number-one hits and most well-known songs, was released in October 2005. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA.[54][58] Knowles' single "Check on It", featuring rapper Slim Thug, was released from the album in December 2005. The song spent five consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100,[59] and became Knowles' third Hot 100 number-one as a solo artist and Slim Thug's first Hot 100 single.[60]

[edit] 2006–07: B'Day and films

Knowles performing "Listen" during The Beyoncé Experience tour in 2007

In February 2006, Knowles starred opposite Steve Martin in the comedy film The Pink Panther, as international pop star Xania.[61][62] In March 2006, Destiny's Child reunited to accept a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[63] Knowles released her second studio album B'Day in September 2006; it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 541,000 copies in its first week.[64] It gained Knowles her largest first-week sales of her solo career and became her second consecutive number one album. It was certified three times platinum by the RIAA.[45] The album has sold over 3.2 million copies in the United States.[65] The album's lead single, "Déjà Vu", featuring Jay-Z, peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[66] "Ring the Alarm" was released as the album's second US single, while "Irreplaceable" served as the second international single and later as the third US single. "Irreplaceable" spent ten consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and became Knowles' fourth number-one single as solo artist.[67]

In December 2006, Knowles starred in Dreamgirls, a film adaptation of the 1981 Broadway musical about a 1960s singing group, alongside Jamie Foxx, Eddie Murphy and Jennifer Hudson. Knowles recorded several songs for the film's soundtrack, including the original song "Listen".[68] Her role in the film earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations in 2007 for Best Actress and Best Original Song.[69] On April 3, 2007, Knowles re-released B'Day as a deluxe edition,[70] which featured five new songs, including "Beautiful Liar", a duet with Colombian recording artist Shakira. The song peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.[66] It performed better in international music markets, where it reached number one in the United Kingdom, and became Knowles' third number-one single in that country and Shakira's second. On April 10, 2007, Knowles embarked on The Beyoncé Experience tour. The tour visited over ninety venues worldwide and was later made into the concert DVD, The Beyoncé Experience Live!.

B'Day received five nominations at the 49th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Ring the Alarm" and Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Déjà Vu". The Freemasons club mix of "Déjà Vu" without the rap was nominated for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical. The album won the award for Best Contemporary R&B Album.[71] The following year, B'Day received two nominations in the categories of Record of the Year for "Irreplaceable" and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals for "Beautiful Liar". Knowles' also received a Grammy nomination for her work in Dreamgirls.[72]

[edit] 2008–09: Marriage, I Am... Sasha Fierce, and films

Knowles and Jay-Z performing "Crazy in Love" at the I Am... Tour in 2009

In 2002, Knowles began dating Jay-Z, with whom she has collaborated several times.[73] Rumors began to circulate about their relationship after Knowles was featured on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde".[19] In spite of persistent rumors, they remained discreet about their relationship.[73][74] On April 4, 2008, Knowles and Jay-Z got married in New York City.[75] Knowles did not publicly debut her wedding ring until the Fashion Rocks concert on September 5, 2008, in New York City.[76] Before they were married, Knowles and Jay-Z were named as a power couple in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential people of 2006.[77]

In November 2008, Forbes magazine reported that Knowles earned $80 million between June 1, 2007 to June 1, 2008, for her music, tour, films and fashion business.[78] This made her the world's second best-paid music personality for this span of time.[79] Knowles released her third studio album I Am... Sasha Fierce, on November 14, 2008. The album introduced Knowles' alter-ego Sasha Fierce. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 482,000 copies in its first week.[80] It became Knowles' third consecutive number-one album in the US as a solo artist.[80] I Am... Sasha Fierce was certified double platinum by the RIAA.[45] The album has sold over 2.9 million copies in the United States,[81] and 7 million copies worldwide.[82]

"If I Were a Boy" and "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" were released as the album's first and second lead singles, respectively.[83] The first lead single peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart,[50] while the second peaked at number one, and became Knowles' fifth number-one single.[50] "Single Ladies" spent four non-consecutive weeks at the top spot.[84] Its music video has achieved fame for its intricate choreography, which has been credited as having started the "first major dance craze of both the new millennium and the Internet".[85] Knowles revealed that the inspiration for the video was a 1969 Bob Fosse routine entitled "Mexican Breakfast" seen on The Ed Sullivan Show, which featured Fosse's wife, Gwen Verdon, dancing with two other women.[86][87] This prompted a legion of imitations and parodies from men and women all around the world, including celebrities Justin Timberlake[88] Joe Jonas,[89] Tom Hanks[90] and US President Barack Obama.[91] The music video received nine nominations at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards and ultimately won the award for Video of the Year and an additional two awards, though its loss in the Best Female Video category to Taylor Swift's "You Belong with Me" led to a controversy during the ceremony.[92]

Knowles performing "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" at the I Am... Tour in 2009

In December 2008, Knowles starred in the musical biographical film Cadillac Records as blues singer Etta James. She performed James' classic hit "At Last" at The Neighborhood Inaugural Ball of Obama and his wife Michelle's first dance as President and First Lady of the United States on January 20, 2009.[93] "Diva" was released as the third US single from I Am... Sasha Fierce, while "Halo" served as the third international single, and later as the fourth US single. The song peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, and became Knowles' twelfth Hot 100 top-ten single as a solo artist.[50] With this feat, Knowles achieved more top tens on the Hot 100 than any other female artist of the 2000s decade.[94] "Ego" was released as the fifth US single from I Am... Sasha Fierce, and subsequently came up with a remix featuring additional vocals from Kanye West. The song peaked at number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100.[50] "Broken-Hearted Girl" and "Sweet Dreams" became the album's sixth and seventh singles, respectively. In January 2009, Forbes magazine ranked Knowles and Jay-Z as Hollywood's top-earning couple, with a combined total of $162 million.[95] They also made it to the top of the list the following year, with a combined total of $122 million between June 2008 and June 2009.[95] To promote I Am... Sasha Fierce, Knowles embarked on her worldwide I Am... Tour in March 2009. According to Pollstar, the tour earned Knowles $103.2 million for its 97 shows.[96] In April 2009, Knowles starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller film, Obsessed. The film grossed $11.1 million on its first day of release,[97] and ended its opening weekend at number one with a total of $28.5 million.[98]

In June 2009, Forbes listed Knowles fourth on its list of the "100 Most Powerful and Influential Celebrities in the World", third on its list of the "Top-Grossing Musicians", and first on the list of "Top Best-Paid Celebs Under 30" with over $87 million in earnings between 2008 and 2009.[99] "Video Phone" was released as the eighth and final single from I Am... Sasha Fierce, with a music video and digital download release taking form of an extended remix, featuring Lady Gaga. Its music video received two nominations at the 2010 BET Awards for Video of the Year and Best Collaboration,[100] winning the former category on June 27, 2010.[101] It also received five nominations at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, in the categories of Best Choreography, Best Collaboration, Best Pop Video, Best Female Video and Best Art Direction.[102] At the 52nd Grammy Awards, Knowles received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for "Halo", and Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", among others.[103] She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist.[104] Knowles ultimately set the record for the most Grammy awards won on a single night by a female artist, when she won six awards from her ten nominations; Song of the Year, Best R&B Song and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Single Ladies", Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Halo", Best Contemporary R&B Album and Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance for "At Last".[105]

[edit] 2010–present: New management, 4 and motherhood

In January 2010, Knowles was interviewed by USA Today and announced plans to take a break from music in 2010. She stated: "It's definitely time to take a break, to recharge my batteries. ... I'd like to take about six months and not go into the studio. I need to just live life, to be inspired by things again."[106] During this time, a 60 Minutes segment aired, that revealed Knowles was homeschooled as a child and prays before every live performance.[107] In February 2010, Knowles was featured on Lady Gaga's single "Telephone". The single reached number one on the US Pop Songs chart, thus becoming the sixth number-one on the chart for both Knowles and Lady Gaga. With this, they both tied with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen BDS-based Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992.[108] "Telephone" received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 53rd Grammy Awards.[109] In June 2010, Forbes placed Knowles at number three on its list of "Top-Earning Musicians" with $87 million in grosses for her 93-date world tour, deals with Nintendo and L'Oréal and her House of Deréon clothing line.[110] This made her the world's best paid female artist for this span of time.[110] In October 2010, Forbes recognized Knowles as the ninth "Most Powerful Woman in the World".[111] She was also ranked at ninth place on Forbes' list of "Hollywood's 20 Highest Earners of 2010", becoming the only artist to break the top ten.[112]

Knowles performing during the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé revue, August 2011

In January 2011, it was announced that Knowles would appear in a remake of A Star Is Born, to be directed and produced by Clint Eastwood for Warner Bros..[113] The remake will be the fourth telling of the A Star Is Born tale, the most memorable in recent years being the 1976 version with Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson.[113] In February 2011, documents obtained by the WikiLeaks website revealed that Knowles along with Usher, Mariah Carey and Nelly Furtado had received as much as $1 million to perform for family members of Libyan politician Muammar Gaddafi.[114][115] Rolling Stone magazine reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts.[114] On March 2, 2011, a spokesperson for Knowles told The Huffington Post that she had donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, established to aid the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[114] On March 28, 2011, it was announced that Knowles' father and longtime manager Mathew Knowles would no longer manage her career.[116] Knowles' publicist released a statement to The Associated Press revealing that Knowles and her father have split "on a business level."[116] She now manages herself and has hired her own management team.[117] In June 2011, Forbes placed Knowles eighth on its list of "Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30" for earning $35 million between the months of May 2010 and 2011. Forbes noted that the low placement for Knowles was due to the fact she spent most of the past year off the road and recording her then upcoming fourth studio album.[118]

Knowles' fourth studio album 4 was released on June 24, 2011. The album was inspired by several musicians, including Fela Kuti, The Stylistics, Lauryn Hill, Stevie Wonder and Michael Jackson.[119] It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 310,000 copies.[120] This gave Knowles her fourth consecutive number one album in the US, and makes her the second female artist and third artist overall, to have her first four studio albums debut atop the Billboard 200.[120] However, 4's first-week sales served as Knowles' lowest sales start with a studio album to date.[120] Its lead single "Run the World (Girls)" peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100,[50] and became Knowles' lowest charting lead single as a solo artist. The album's second single "Best Thing I Never Had" was released on June 1, 2011. It peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100.[50] Knowles headlined at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival, performing a 90-minute set on the last day of the festival on June 26, 2011.[121] She also performed at the T in the Park Festival in Scotland on July 9, 2011[122] and the Oxegen Festival in Ireland the next day.[123] Knowles took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances. The set on each night of the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé concerts was the entire collection of 4. For these four special nights, August 14, 16, 18 and 19, she performed her new songs to a standing room only audience.[124]

On August 28, 2011 at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, Knowles announced that she and Jay-Z were expecting their first child. She made the announcement during her red carpet appearance and again at the end of her performance of "Love on Top" by rubbing her growing stomach.[125][126] The Huffington Post later confirmed that Knowles was 5 months pregnant and her pregnancy announcement had broken the "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" Twitter record, receiving 8,868 tweets per second.[127] MTV reported that Knowles' performance of "Love on Top" and the announcement of her pregnancy at the awards ceremony helped the 2011's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers.[128] In addition, data from Google Insights showed that the most searched for term from August 29, 2011 to September 4, 2011 was "Beyonce pregnant" which reached 'breakout' levels – a term used by Google to describe a search with an increase of over 5,000 percent.[129] Knowles' announcement of her pregnancy resulted in an increase in sales of her records, particularly 4, which had sold around 700,000 copies by August 2011,[130] eventually being certified platinum by the RIAA.[45] The album has since sold 1,135,700 copies in the United States[131] and 2,100,000 copies worldwide.[132]

Knowles with her daughter Blue Ivy Carter in April 2012

On October 8, a pre-taped performance of Knowles performing Michael Jackson's "I Wanna Be Where You Are" was shown at the Michael Forever tribute concert at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales.[133] In November 2011, Knowles was named the Highest Paid Performer Per Minute in the world by social media website Saucytime.com, earning £1.25 million for a five-song performance at a private New Year's Eve 2010 party on the island of St. Barts, equating to £71,040 for each minute she was on the stage.[134] On November 30, 2011, Knowles received two nominations for the 54th Grammy Awards; Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Party", and Best Long Form Music Video for I Am... World Tour.[135] In December 2011, Knowles was placed fourth on Forbes magazine's 2011 list of the "Top-Earning Women In Music" for earning $35 million.[136]

On January 7, 2012, Knowles gave birth to a daughter, named Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.[137] On January 9, 2012, Jay-Z released "Glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his social website LifeandTimes.com.[138] The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Knowles suffered before becoming pregnant with their daughter.[138] Because Carter's cries were included at the end of the song and she was officially credited on the song as "B.I.C", at 2 days old she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when "Glory" debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 74.[139]

On February 16, 2012, it was confirmed by Ryan Tedder that Knowles had already begun work on two new albums, saying "The conversations about her next album literally just started and there [are] two projects happening."[140] She is also working with The-Dream to record new music.[141] In May 2012, Knowles was ranked at number 14 on Forbes' list of the "World's 20 Most Powerful Moms".[142] Forbes also announced their 2012 Celebrity 100 list, which showed Knowles had made earnings of $40 million in 2011, but noted again this was particularly low for Knowles, due to her going on break because of her pregnancy as well as not touring.[143] On May 15, 2012, Knowles won a Writing Award from the New York Association of Black Journalists, for her July 2011 Essence magazine cover story "Eat, Play, Love," which talks about her nine-month break from music in 2010.[144] Knowles received two nominations at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards in the categories of Top R&B Artist and Top R&B Album for 4, winning the latter award on May 20, 2012.[145][146] Knowles took the stage at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall for four nights of performances (May 25–28, 2012) to celebrate the resort's opening.[147][148] The Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts were noted as Knowles' first performances since giving birth to her daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, in January of the same year.[147] The performances were met with universal acclaim from critics and fans, including US First Lady Michelle Obama, husband Jay-Z, and the Governor of New Jersey Christopher J. Christie.[149][150] On May 31, 2012, it was announced that Knowles will be cast as Queen Tara in the upcoming 3D CGI animated film entitled Epic to be released by 20th Century Fox.[151]

Artistry[link]

Music and voice[link]

"With 'Single Ladies,' clearly I'd just gotten married, and people want to get married every day - then there was the whole Justin Timberlake thing [recreating the video] on "Saturday Night Live," and it was also the year YouTube blew up. With 'Irreplaceable,' the aggressive lyrics, the acoustic guitar, and the 808 drum machine - those things don't typically go together, and it sounded fresh. 'Crazy in Love' was another one of those classic moments in pop culture that none of us expected. I asked Jay to get on the song the night before I had to turn my album in - thank God he did. It still never gets old, no matter how many times I sing it."

—Knowles reflects on her musical style and the impact it has had on her life and pop culture during her Billboard Cover story in 2011. [152]

Knowles' music is generally contemporary R&B, but she also incorporates pop, funk, hip hop, and soul into her songs. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Knowles recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable and the re-release of B'Day. Prior to recording these, Knowles was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.[156] Since Destiny's Child, Knowles has artistically been involved in her career.[24] She received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded by the group, as well as her solo efforts. Known for writing personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions, Knowles has stated that having Jay-Z in her life has changed a few of her thoughts about how men and women relate to one another, which helped her transition from writing songs such as "Independent Women" and "Survivor" to man-tending anthems such as "Cater 2 U", in which she sings about bringing him slippers and drawing his bath.[157] Some of her songs are autobiographical, which she has admitted are taken from personal experiences, as well as her friends'.[158] Knowles has also received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers.[159] Knowles was recognized as a songwriter during the run of Destiny's Child in the 1990s and early to mid-2000s. She won the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the 2001 American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards, becoming the first African-American female and second female songwriter of all time to accomplish the feat.[15][158] Knowles received songwriting credits in a single year for co-writing "Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check on It", all of which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, the only woman to have written three songs which went to number-one in the same year since Carole King did it in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991. In terms of credits, she is tied with Diane Warren at third with nine number-one singles.[160]

Knowles possesses a mezzo-soprano[161] vocal range that spans more than three octaves. She has often been identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child.[162] Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that she has the voice that defines the group, writing that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting".[163] Other critics praise her range and power. In reviewing her second album B'Day, Jody Rosen of Entertainment Weekly wrote "Beyoncé Knowles is a storm system disguised as a singer. On her second solo album, B'Day, the songs arrive in huge gusts of rhythm and emotion, with Beyoncé's voice rippling over clattery beats; you'd have to search far and wide—perhaps in the halls of the Metropolitan Opera – to find a vocalist who sings with more sheer force ... No one—not R. Kelly, not Usher, to say nothing of her rival pop divas—can match Beyoncé's genius for dragging her vocal lines against a hip-hop beat."[164] Chris Richards of The Washington Post wrote, "Even when she's coasting, she soars above her imitators. It's all in her voice—a superhuman instrument capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars. Smitten, scorned, amorous, antagonistic—Beyoncé sings from all of these vantage points with undeniable virtuosity."[165] Knowles has often been criticized for oversinging. A prominent employer of melisma, she earns frequent comparison to such artists as Mariah Carey, whose vocal embellishments have been known to detract from the melody of their songs.[154]

Influences[link]

Knowles' credits Michael Jackson as her major musical influence and idol.[166] Knowles has also named Diana Ross as another one of her influences because "she's an all-around entertainer: a great actor, a good singer, and a beautiful, elegant woman. She's one of the few singers able to cross over into really good movies."[167] Knowles cites Whitney Houston as another idol saying she "inspired [her] to get up there and do what [she] did."[168] Her other musical influences include Cher,[169] Tina Turner,[170] Prince,[171] Lauryn Hill,[167] Sade Adu,[172] Aaliyah,[173] Mary J. Blige,[174] Janet Jackson,[175] Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell.[167] Knowles credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song "Vision of Love" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child, as well as helping her pursue a career as a musician.[176] She is also inspired by Oprah Winfrey and US First Lady Michelle Obama.[177] Knowles says Winfrey is "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman. When I'm around her, I want to stand up straight, pronounce my words right, and articulate."[167]

Many of the themes and musical styles on Knowles' second solo album B'Day (2006) were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls (2006).[178] She was inspired to produce an album with an overriding theme of feminism and female empowerment.[179] Knowles also cited Josephine Baker as an influence on the album.[180] Knowles' paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the Fashion Rocks concert on September 8, 2006, with Knowles and her female dancers wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas.[181] For Knowles' third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), she was inspired by Jay-Z and especially by Etta James, whose "boldness" inspired Knowles to explore other musical genres and styles.[182] On her fourth solo album 4 (2011), Knowles acknowledged that she was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B, Earth, Wind & Fire, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie with additional influences by The Jackson 5, New Edition, Adele, Florence and the Machine and Prince.[183] Knowles also mentioned that she was influenced by Jay-Z's own work as well.[184]

Stage and alter ego[link]

Knowles performing on the 2011 Good Morning America Summer Concert Series

In 2006, Knowles introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama, which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists.[185] They made their début appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and re-appeared in the music videos for "Irreplaceable" and "Green Light".[156] The band has also supported Knowles in live performances, including her 2007 concert tour The Beyoncé Experience and her 2009 I Am... Tour.

Knowles often receives praise for her stage presence and live performances. Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post placed Knowles at number one on her list of The Five Best Singer/Dancers, writing, "the megastar consistently devote[s] every ounce of her to the routine."[186] In reviewing her I Am... Tour, Renee Michelle Harris of South Florida Times wrote, Knowles "owns the stage with her trademark swagger and intensity ... showcasing her powerful vocals without missing a note, often while engaged in vigorous, perfectly executed dance moves ... no one, not Britney, not Ciara and not Rihanna can offer what she does—a complete package of voice, moves and presence."[187] Barbara Ellen of The Guardian wrote, "whether charismatic and soulful, or teasing and flirty, Beyoncé is, above all, in charge. Probably the most in charge of any female artist I've seen onstage".[188] Alice Jones of The Independent wrote, "Watching Beyoncé sing and strut her stuff can feel at best overawing, at worst, alienating. She takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good."[189] Tamara Hardingham-Gill of the Daily Mail wrote, "many industry experts have been tipping Beyoncé as the next Michael Jackson. While it's far too early for such comparisons, she certainly proved that she is one of the most exciting and talented performers around and may well go down in history as such".[190]

Reviewers have praised Knowles live vocal performances. In reviewing one of her performances, Jim Farber of the Daily News wrote "Beyoncé showed off pipes of steely power. As the song's signature horn riff pumped away, she soared over the melody with athletic ease. The way Beyoncé used her body intensified the sense of triumph. With her hair teased into Medusa-like tresses, a pelvis in perpetual churn and legs long enough to make Tina Turner proud, Beyoncé's presence punctuated her singing like an exclamation point."[191] Stephanie Classen of Star Phoenix declares "Beyoncé is no ordinary performer ... from note one, the 27-year-old powerhouse rose above all the gimmicks, mastering the show like a sexy alien overlord princess. Nothing but extraterrestrial origins could explain that voice ... [Beyoncé] could perform circles around any other pop star today."[192] Editors of Newsday wrote, "she proves that hot choreography and strong vocals don't have to be mutually exclusive ... No worries of lip-synching here."[193]

Known for being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, Knowles has stated that's her alter ego Sasha Fierce.[31] She described Sasha as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy", stating: "I'm not like her in real life at all ... I'm not flirtatious and super-confident and fearless like her. What I feel onstage I don't feel anywhere else. It's an out-of-body experience. I created my stage persona to protect myself so that when I go home I don't have to think about what it is I do. Sasha isn't me. The people around me know who I really am."[31] Although Sasha was born during the making of "Crazy in Love", Knowles introduced her alter ego with the release of her third album I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008). In February 2010, Knowles announced in an interview with Allure magazine that "Sasha Fierce is done. I killed her". She then went on saying that she is comfortable enough with herself to be all of those things without an alias, stating: "I don't need Sasha Fierce anymore, because I've grown and now I'm able to merge the two."[194] In May 2012, Knowles announced that she would be bringing Sasha Fierce back for her Revel shows.[195]

Public image[link]

Knowles at the premiere for her 2006 film, Dreamgirls.

Knowles has stated: "I like to dress sexy and I carry myself like a lady," but she has said that the way she dresses on stage is "absolutely for the stage".[196] The media often use the term "Bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious), to describe Knowles because of her curves.[197][198][199] The term was made widely known by the Destiny's Child single of the same name, and has been added to the Oxford English Dictionary.[200] As someone who is fond of fashion, Knowles combines its artistic elements with her music videos and performances. According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, she uses different styles and tries to harmonize it with the music while performing.[201] The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles.[202] People magazine recognized Knowles as the best-dressed celebrity in 2007.[203] Knowles' mother wrote a 2002-published book, titled Destiny's Style: Bootylicious Fashion, Beauty and Lifestyle Secrets From Destiny's Child, an account of how fashion had an impact on Destiny's Child's success.[204] As one of the most media-exposed black celebrities in the United States, Knowles has often received criticism that some believe is due to racism and sexism.[205] Toure of Rolling Stone stated that since the release of Dangerously in Love (2003), "[Beyoncé] has become a crossover sex symbol a la Halle Berry ..."[206] In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), had criticized Knowles for wearing fur coats and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon.[207]

A wax sculpture of Knowles

During the release of Rihanna's second album A Girl Like Me (2006), many critics felt that her image was too heavily similar to Knowles'.[208] Some media even claimed that Jay-Z fashioned her to be a replica of Knowles.[209] Amina Taylor of The Guardian described Rihanna as the "Bajan Beyoncé".[208] In 2007, Knowles was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and became the first non-model and non-athlete woman to pose on the issue, and the second model of African American descent after Tyra Banks.[210] In the same year, Knowles appeared on billboards and newspapers across the United States showing her holding an antiquated cigarette holder. Taken from the back cover of B'Day, the image provoked response from an anti-smoking group, stating that she did not need to add the cigarette holder "to make herself appear more sophisticated".[211] Knowles has several wax figures of herself at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums in major cities around the world, including New York,[212] Washington, D.C.,[213] Amsterdam,[214] Bangkok[215] and Hollywood.[216]

In March 2009, comparisons were made between the fashions of Knowles and Ciara, when the latter released the music video of her single "Love Sex Magic".[217] In the video, Ciara is seen wearing a black leotard and metallic glasses, similar to those worn by Knowles in both her "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and "Diva" videos.[218] However, Ciara stated that her outfits were "inspired by the Vegas shows" she attended.[219] In September 2010, Knowles made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show.[220] In February 2011, LA Times magazine placed Knowles at number 25 on its list of the 50 Most Beautiful Women in Film.[221] During the same month, Knowles appeared on the cover of the March issue of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in honor of the magazine's 90th anniversary and in tribute to Nigerian musician Fela Kuti.[222] Knowles appeared in blackface and tribal makeup, that had drawn criticism from the media.[222] A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine, said that Knowles' look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce" and explained that it was "a return to her African roots, as you can see on the picture, on which her face was voluntarily darkened."[222] In June 2011, Knowles became the first major solo female artist to perform on the Pyramid stage, in over twenty years, at the Glastonbury Festival in England.[223] Men's Health magazine named Knowles one of the "100 Hottest Women of All-Time", ranking her at number 33.[224] In 2012, she was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People magazine.[225]

Legacy[link]

In November 2009, Knowles was named the Artist of the Decade by The Observer.[226] In December 2009, Billboard magazine ranked Knowles the fourth Artist of the 2000s decade[7] and named her the most successful female artist of the 2000s, as well as the top radio artist.[6] Knowles was also ranked 15th on Billboard magazine's list of The Top 50 R&B/Hip Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years (1985–2010).[227] In February 2010, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), listed Knowles as the top certified artist of the decade, with a total of 64 certifications, including albums, digital songs, master ringtones and music videos.[8] In August 2010, Knowles was ranked 52nd on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[13] In 2011, The Root magazine ranked Knowles 13th on their list of The 100 Most Influential African Americans.[228] In May 2011, Keith Caulfield and Gary Trust of Billboard magazine listed Knowles at number 17 on their list of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters, for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was one of only three women on that list.[229] In September 2011, it was made known that Knowles had set a new Guinness World Records, for most tweets per second about her pregnancy.[230] A year earlier, Knowles and her husband Jay-Z made it into the Guinness Book of World Records, cited as the "Power Couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009.[231] On September 29, 2011, "Crazy in Love" was ranked number one on VH1's list of The 100 Greatest Songs of the 2000s.[232] In October 2011, Prefix magazine listed Knowles at number one on their list of the Best Female R&B Singers, writing that "What's almost unbelievably insane is that not only can Beyoncé sing better than anybody else out there, but she can also dance better than anyone else out there, and unlike virtually every single performer, she can do both at the same time."[233]

Knowles performing during her I Am... Tour in 2009.

Throughout her career, Knowles has received numerous awards and achievements. In 2007, she became the first female artist to be awarded the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards.[234] At the 2008 World Music Awards, Knowles was honored the legend award for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts.[235] At the 2011 Billboard Music Awards, she was honored with a Billboard Millennium Award for recognizing her career achievements and influence in the music industry.[236] Knowles is one of the most honored artists by the Grammys, and third among female artists,[237] with a total of 16 Grammy Awards—13 as a solo artist and 3 as a member of Destiny's Child.[10][238] Her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love, was listed as one of the top 200 definitive albums in music history by the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.[239] As of September 2009, Knowles has sold 75 million records worldwide as a solo artist, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.[12] Knowles' music video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" has achieved fame for its intricate choreography, which has been credited as having started the "first major dance craze of both the new millennium and the Internet".[85] This prompted a legion of imitations and parodies from men and women all around the world posting videos of themselves onto YouTube attempting to perform the choreography.[240] Celebrities have also tried the choreography, including Justin Timberlake,[88] Joe Jonas,[89] Tom Hanks[90] and US President Barack Obama.[91]

Knowles has been cited as a musical inspiration by contemporary artists. Rihanna stated that she was inspired by Knowles because "when she came out with Dangerously in Love ... I was like 'wow, I want to be just like that.' She's huge and just an inspiration and one of the artists that I admire a lot."[241] Alexandra Burke, who has performed with Knowles during The X Factor (UK) 2008 final,[242] stated that she took inspiration from Knowles for her first headlining tour.[243] Leona Lewis commented: "Beyoncé is great, so lovely and down to earth and talented. She's inspiring."[244] Lewis further commented that she would like to become an actress like Knowles.[244] Jessie J stated that she would like to be as successful as Knowles within the next decade.[245] Nicki Minaj commented that she admires Knowles a lot, stating: "Just her name alone defines greatness, right? That push that every woman wants to be ... that driven."[246] JoJo stated that she looks to Knowles for inspiration in her music because "I think she's incredible as an entertainer, a role model, and a writer. I think she can do it all."[247] While speaking of her image, Nicole Scherzinger stated: "I am inspired by women like Beyoncé who wear costumes that aren't much but they are real artists and they put real artistry into what they do and that is how I pride myself."[248] Adele commented: "I don't know her but she's a huge part of my life ... Everything I refer to has always got something to do with Destiny's Child or her. She just knows what she wants. She's in control of it all. She's classy. She's still totally fucking relevant. And just a nice person."[249] Adele also revealed that she was inspired by Knowles' alter ego Sasha Fierce, to create her own named Sasha Carter. The composite of Sasha Fierce and late country icon June Carter, is pulled out whenever she needs to give herself a shot of confidence.[250] Australian recording artist Ricki-Lee Coulter named Knowles as one of her musical influences, stating: "She's so driven, she pushes herself to the limits and she's achieved so much but she's always looking for what that next thing is and how she can improve from what she's done in the past. She's really setting the benchmark for female artists and I think she kind of is the Michael Jackson of this generation."[251] Kelly Rowland cited Knowles as an inspiration while recording her second solo album, Ms. Kelly (2007).[252] American indie rock band White Rabbits have also cited Knowles an inspiration for their third studio album.[253] Gwyneth Paltrow stated that she studied Knowles a lot at her live concerts, while learning to become a musical performer in the film Country Strong (2010).[254]

Katy Perry commented that she looked to Knowles for some "trend-setting inspiration", stating: "I've adopted the Beyoncé leg. ... When I saw her on tour, she had these glowing legs."[255] Trey Songz named Knowles as his favorite female singer and stated: "I followed her since Destiny's Child's first single and I truly think she's deserving of all that she has. She works extremely hard. She's an amazing performer, vocalist, and even outside of that, she's an amazing businesswoman. She's the perfect model for what an artist can be."[256] Miley Cyrus commented that she would like to be like Knowles, stating: "She is the ultimate woman. You look at her and you don't think, I wonder what her personal life is like. You look at her and you go, that girl on the stage is a superstar. You don't care about anything else; you only care about her music. So I would hope that would be me in the future."[257] Lady Gaga recalled: "I've never told Beyoncé this, but I remember laying on my grandmother's couch crying, and a Destiny's Child video came on. I remember watching Beyoncé thinking, 'Oh, she's a star. I want that. I want to be on MTV'. And now I'm in music videos with Beyoncé."[258] Blondie frontwoman Debbie Harry revealed that she was disappointed that she never became a "megastar" like Knowles, stating: "the temptation to be such a great entertainer and performer like Beyoncé [is] so fantastic. I would adore doing some of that stuff. Her track record with songs is phenomenal; I wish we had as many hits."[259] Simon Cowell stated that she is "Ambitious, talented, competitive. She defines this new breed of what I call super popstars, and they are all girls at the moment. It's like a new super species who literally want to rule the world."[260] LA Reid commented that Knowles "may arguably be the most talented performer alive."[260]

In January 2012, it was announced that Scaptia beyonceae, a species of horse fly found in northern Queensland, Australia, was named after Knowles. Bryan Lessard, the research scientist who named the species, did so due to the fly's unique golden hairs on its abdomen, calling it the "all-time diva of flies".[261] On January 27, 2012, Knowles and Jay-Z were ranked at number 13 on Billboard magazine's 2012 Power 100 list, a ranking of the most powerful people in the music business.[262] On January 28, 2012, it was announced that the My Fox Houston company are planning to build a monument for Knowles in her hometown Houston, Texas.[263] The monument will include a "massive hall" and "mini museum" devoted to Knowles and Destiny's Child.[263] It was also made known that Rutgers University in New Jersey, have a course named after Knowles called "Politicizing Beyoncé".[264] The course allows students to explore the "social and cultural significance" of Knowles' music and image, including her alter ego Sasha Fierce and whether Knowles "racy performances" are of female sexual empowerment or "merely complying with western gender stereotypes".[264]

Other ventures[link]

House of Deréon[link]

Knowles and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a ready-to-wear contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005.[265] The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, with the name Deréon paying tribute to Knowles' grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, who worked as a seamstress.[266] According to Tina Knowles, the overall style of the line best reflects Knowles' taste and style.[267] Knowles and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for Deréon, a "junior lifestyle collection", and House of Deréon.[265] Products of House of Deréon received public exhibitions through Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era.[268][269] The House of Deréon collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, which are available at department and specialty stores across the United States and Canada.[265]

In 2005, Knowles teamed up with House of Brands, a local shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon.[270] In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a "high-style" mobile game with an online social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection.[265] In July 2009, Knowles and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry.[271] It was available to buy at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds.[271] On May 27, 2010, Knowles teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at C&A stores in Brazil.[272] The collection included Tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses.[272]

Products and endorsements[link]

In 2002, Knowles signed a promotional deal with Pepsi to appear in two television commercials, as well as in radio and Internet advertisements and in-store promotional materials.[273] A 2004 Pepsi television commercial in the theme of "Gladiators" featured Knowles with singers Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias,[274] and the following year with Jennifer Lopez and David Beckham on a commercial called "Samurai".[275] Knowles' range of commercial deals and products also includes beauty care products and perfumes. She has worked with L'Oréal since the age of 18.[276] In 2004, Knowles launched her fragrance, True Star, with Tommy Hilfiger. The commercial for the scent was shot in black and white and has Knowles singing a cover version of "Wishing on a Star", for which she earned $250,000.[277] The following year, Knowles launched her second fragrance with Hilfiger called True Star Gold.[278] In 2007, Knowles appeared in an advertisement campaign for the Emporio Armani Diamonds fragrance.[279]

In March 2009, Knowles appeared in a television commercial for the Nintendo DS game Rhythm Heaven.[280] In January 2010, Knowles signed a three-year endorsement deal with Vizio.[281] She also appeared in two television commercials for Style Savvy, a fashion video game for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo DSi. Five designs from her House of Deréon clothing line were available for download in the game.[282] In February 2010, Knowles launched her first official fragrance, Heat.[283] She re-recorded her cover version of "Fever" for the fragrance's television commercial. The commercial was banned from daytime television in the United Kingdom, after it had received 14 viewer complaints. The commercial, which begins with an image of Knowles appearing to lie naked in a room, had been deemed "too sexually provocative" to be seen by young children and was not shown before 7.30 pm.[284] In February 2011, Knowles launched her second fragrance, Heat Rush.[285] In April 2011, Knowles was sued by US game developer, Gate Five, for more than $100 million, who claimed she "destroyed [its] business ... on a whim".[286] Gate Five alleged that Knowles changed her mind about plans for a game called Starpower: Beyoncé, forcing the company to sack 70 employees the week before Christmas 2010.[286] Knowles' third fragrance, Pulse, was launched in September 2011.[287]

Philanthropy[link]

Knowles and Destiny's Child band mate, Kelly Rowland, along with the former's family, founded the Survivor Foundation, a charitable entity set up to provide transitional housing for 2005 Hurricane Katrina victims and storm evacuees in the Houston, Texas area.[15] The Survivor Foundation extended the philanthropic mission of the Knowles-Rowland Center for Youth, a multi-purpose community outreach facility in downtown Houston.[15] Knowles donated $100,000 to the Gulf Coast Ike Relief Fund, which benefits victims of Hurricane Ike in the Houston area. She organized a fund raising benefit for Hurricane Ike relief through the Survivor Foundation.[288] In 2005, music producer David Foster, his daughter Amy Foster-Gillies, and Knowles wrote "Stand Up for Love", which would serve as the anthem of World Children's Day, an event which takes place annually around the world on November 20 to raise awareness and funds for children's causes worldwide. Destiny's Child lent their voices and support as global ambassadors for the 2005 World Children's Day program.[15] Knowles conducted food drives during stops on The Beyoncé Experience tour in Houston on July 14, Atlanta on July 20, Washington, D.C. on August 9, Toronto on August 15, Chicago on August 18, and Los Angeles on September 2, 2006.[289]

Knowles at the opening of the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center on March 5, 2010

On October 4, 2008, Knowles attended the Miami Children's Hospital Diamond Ball & Private Concert at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, where she was inducted into the International Pediatric Hall of Fame. Seven-year-old Ethan Bortnick dedicated and performed "Over the Rainbow" to Knowles.[290] After completing work on Cadillac Records (2008), Knowles donated her entire salary to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers around the country. Knowles visited a Brooklyn, New York site in preparation for portraying singer Etta James, who was once addicted to heroin.[291] During this time, she recorded with various artists for "Just Stand Up!", a charity single for the Stand Up to Cancer charity. Joining Knowles on the song was Mariah Carey, Leona Lewis, Rihanna, Leann Rimes and Mary J. Blige, among others. Knowles also teamed up with the "Show Your Helping Hand" hunger relief initiative and General Mills Hamburger Helper. The goal was to help Feeding America deliver more than 3.5 million meals to local food banks. Knowles encouraged her fans to bring non-perishable groceries to her US concert tour stops.[292] In January 2010, Knowles participated in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief. She appeared in London with Jay-Z, Rihanna, and U2's Bono and The Edge, where she performed a piano version of "Halo".[293] Knowles was named the official face of the limited edition "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt by the Council of Fashion Designers of America. The shirt, which reads: "To Haiti With Love", was designed by Peter Arnell, who also created the "Fashion for America" T-shirt which raised $2 million after 9/11.[294]

On March 5, 2010, Knowles and her mother Tina Knowles, opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House. The program offers a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women there. L'Oréal donated all the products to be used at the center, and Knowles, along with her mother, have pledged to donate $100,000 annually.[295] In April 2011, Knowles joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation to help boost her campaign against child obesity.[296] Knowles reworked her single "Get Me Bodied" (2007) and renamed it "Move Your Body" for the Let's Move! Flash Workout initiative.[297] On April 9, 2011, an instructional video, featuring a group of teenagers dancing to "Move Your Body" was released online.[297] On April 26, 2011, Knowles released a video of her own version of the exercise routine.[298] Following the death of Osama bin Laden, Knowles released a charity single titled "God Bless the USA", to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund.[299] The song was originally released in 1984 by country musician Lee Greenwood.[299] Its popularity increased after the September 11 attacks, and it was re-released following the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Discography[link]

Filmography[link]

Bibliography[link]

  • Eat, Play, Love (2011); An article that was featured in the July 2011 issue of Essence magazine.

See also[link]


References[link]

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External links[link]

http://wn.com/Beyoncé_Knowles

Related pages:

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Soulja Boy

Soulja Boy at YouTube Live doing his signature dance in 2008.
Background information
Birth name DeAndre Cortez Way[1][2]
Also known as Soulja Boy Tell 'Em
Born (1990-07-28) July 28, 1990 (age 21)
Chicago, Illinois
Origin Batesville, Mississippi, United States
Genres Hip hop
Occupations Rapper
Years active 2005–present
Labels Stacks on Deck/Collipark Music/Interscope
Associated acts Arab, Mr. Collipark
Website thedeandreway.com

DeAndre Cortez Way (born July 28, 1990), better known by his stage name Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, or simply Soulja Boy, is an American rapper, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur.

In September 2007, his single "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The single was initially self-published on the internet, and it later became a number-one hit in the United States for seven non-consecutive weeks starting in September 2007.[3] On August 17 Way was listed at #18 on the Forbes list of Hip-Hop Cash Kings of 2010 earning $7 million for that year.[4]

Way has currently released three studio albums and one independent album: his debut studio album Souljaboytellem.com (2007) was certified platinum by the RIAA. However, his next two albums, iSouljaBoyTellem (2008) and The DeAndre Way (2010) did not match the commercial success of his debut, the latter only selling 100,000 copies,[5] despite the success of several singles across both albums, such as "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" and "Turn My Swag On" (iSouljaBoyTellem) and "Pretty Boy Swag" (The DeAndre Way).

On October 18, 2011, Soulja Boy released his documentary bio pic, Soulja Boy: The Movie.

As of 2011, Way has confirmed he is working on his fourth studio album, entitled Promise, which will be released in July 2012.[6]

Contents

Early life[link]

DeAndre Way was born in Chicago and moved to Atlanta at age 6,[7] where he became interested in rap music.[8]

Career beginnings[link]

At age 14, he moved to Batesville, Mississippi, with his father, who provided a recording studio for Way to explore his musical ambitions.[7] In November 2005, Way posted his songs on the website SoundClick. Following positive reviews on the site, he then established his own web pages on YouTube and MySpace.[9][10] In March 2007, he recorded "Crank That" and released his first independent album Unsigned & Still Major: Da Album Before da Album, followed by a low-budget video filmed demonstrating the "Crank That" dance. By the end of May 2007, "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" received its first airplay and Way met with Mr. Collipark to sign a deal with Interscope Records.

Music career[link]

[edit] 2007-08: Souljaboytellem.com

Soulja Boy performing "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" in February 2008.

On August 12, 2007, the song appeared on the Emmy-award winning HBO series Entourage, and by September 1, it topped the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot RingMasters charts.[11] Way's major label debut album Souljaboytellem.com, which was reportedly recorded using just the demo version of FL Studio,[8][12] was released in the United States on October 2,[13] peaking at #4 on both the Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts.[14]

For the 50th Grammy Awards, Way was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Song with "Crank That (Soulja Boy)". He lost to Kanye West's and T-Pain's "Good Life".

Souljaboytellem.com received a favorable review from Allmusic,[13] but received mainly negative reviews from other sources such as Entertainment Weekly.[15] Several reviewers credited Soulja Boy with spearheading a new trend in hip-hop, while speculating he will likely be a one-hit wonder.[16][17][18]

[edit] 2008-09: iSouljaBoyTellem

The follow-up to souljaboytellem.com, iSouljaBoyTellem, was released on December 16, 2008, to negative critical reception.[19] The first single from the album, "Bird Walk", peaked at #40 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and the top 20 on the Hot Rap Tracks chart it was performed on the first YouTube Live on November 22, 2008, with an introduction from MC Hammer.[20] "Kiss Me Thru the Phone", with Sammie, followed, peaking at #3 on the Hot 100 and #1 on the Hot Rap Tracks charts.[21] Chris Brown was originally Way's first choice to sing the hook, but respectfully turned down the offer. Way then tried to do it on his own with Auto-Tune but he found it unacceptable.[22] It sold over 2,000,000 digital copies in the United States, becoming his second song to reach the two million mark in downloads.[23][24]

On January 26, 2009 Way released his third single "Turn My Swag On". it topped the US Rap Charts and peaked at #19 on the Billboard Hot 100. It has so far sold more than 1,000,000 digital downloads in the United States. It became Soulja Boy's third song to sell 1 million or more downloads.[24]

[edit] 2009-2010: The DeAndre Way

The DeAndre Way[25] is Way's third studio album, Way has stated that the album is intended to be his most personal and successful album thus far. When speaking on possible collaborations, he stated he wished to work with artists such as Jay-Z, Lil Wayne, and Kanye West,[26] Eminem,[27] among others. The lead single from the album, "POW", was released in January 2009 but failed to garner success and was dubbed a promo single. On October 30, 2009 Way released three mixtapes Paranormal Activity, Dat Piff & Cortez.[28] Then it was announced on February 18, 2010 that the first single from the album was gone be "All Black Everything" but it was cancelled & was just put on his promotional mixtape Legendary.[29] The album was titled "The DeAndre Way" but was changed in early 2010 to Dre with a commercial video snippet for "Do It Big" as the first single but it was cancelled as well.[30] However it was reverted back to The DeAndre Way in July 2010.

But on June 8, 2010, the official lead single from the album was "Pretty Boy Swag". The single has reached #34 on the Billboard Hot 100, number six on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number five on the Billboard Rap Songs chart.[31] The album's second single was due to be "Digital" but it was just used on his promotional mixtape Best Rapper.[32] Then it was announced that "Speakers Going Hammer" was gone be the second single, but "Blowing Me Kisses" was released on August 31, 2010 as the second single instead.[33] On October 13 Soulja Boy performed "Pretty Boy Swag" & a snippet of his third single "Speakers Going Hammer". On October 19, 2010 Way finally released "Speakers Going Hammer" on iTunes the single peaked at #48 on the Hot R&B & Hip Hop tracks Billboard.[34] The DeAndre Way was released on November 30, 2010 it has so far has only sold 70,000 copies making this Way's lowest selling album. Soulja Boy was to be part of the Summerbeatz tour held in Australia alongside Flo Rida, Jay Sean and Travie McCoy in November 2010, but in lieu of his current album release date Soulja Boy had declined the offer & just embarked on his Who They Want tour.

[edit] 2011-present: Mixtapes and Promise

On January 22, Way released his first mixtape of 2011 Smooky which cover featured a cartoon version of Way on a bicycle doing a 360.[35] Then On March 17, 2011 Way released the mixtape 1up which cover was based on the Naruto anime Way stated "If I was in a video game, this mixtape would advance me to the next level with an extra life. Power up with the new offering".[36] On April 20, 2011 Way released his mixtape Juice which cover was based on the Juice the movie Way stated he would also released a mini movie of his own to go along with the mixtape Way stated that he was headed to greatness with the mixtape.[37] In September 2011, Way confirmed he is working on a new album, called Promise, which will be released in October.[38] Way also released the cover & title of his second independent album via Twitter, entitled "Skate Boy", which he said would be available in stores November 1, also via twitter.[39][40]

Other ventures[link]

Stacks on Deck Entertainment[link]

Stacks on Deck Entertainment
Founded 2004
Founder DeAndre "Soulja Boy" Way (CEO)
Michael "Miami Mike" Sykes (President)
Status Active
Distributor(s) Interscope (2007-present)
Universal Motown (2009-2011)
Genre Hip-hop, Southern rap, pop, Crunk, R&B
Country of origin United States
Location Atlanta, Georgia (2007-present)
Official Website http://sodmg.com/

Way founded his record label Stacks on Deck Entertainment in 2004. While Way was signed under Interscope and Collipark Music, he claimed that his label had distribution deals with Universal Music Group and eOne Music.[citation needed]

Current artists
  • Soulja Boy (Interscope/Collipark Music/SODMG)(CEO)
  • Ja-Bar (TOKE Team/SODMG)
  • Arab (Boss Money/SODMG)
  • KillaCam (SODMG)
  • 350 (SODMG)
  • Rashad (SODMG)
  • Antonio aka Tony The Deity (SODMG)
  • J-Money aka J. Futuristic (SODMG)
  • Spinning 9 (SODMG Germany/SODMG)
  • M2ThaK (SODMG)
  • Calico Jonez (SODMG)
  • Riff Raff (SODMG)
  • Young Sam (SODMG)
  • Agoff (Ocean Gang/SODMG)
  • Young L (Ocean Gang/SODMG)
  • John Boy (FyreHouse/SODMG)
  • Chief Keef (Glory Boyz/SODMG)
Managed DJ's
  • DJ Whoogie
Managed Producers
  • Soulja Boy
  • G5Kids
  • Kwony Cash
  • R3$ource
  • Jay Clink
  • Supa Crank It
  • Lil Keis

Record production[link]

Way also produces records, including his own. In 2009 Way produced V.I.C.'s single "Get Silly" which went certified Gold & Bow Wow's single "Marco Polo". Way beats often contain the beginning lines "Soulja Boy Tell 'em" But as of late Way has produced beats without using the lines. Also in 2009 Way was also supposed to been producing for Kanye West's fourth studio album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy & Kanye was supposed to been producing for Ways third studio album The DeAndre Way but for unknown reasons neither of them used each other's beats.[41] On May 13, 2011 Way stated that he had produced & submitted beats for 50 Cent's fifth studio album[42]

Fashion designing[link]

On March 5, 2008 Way released his official clothing line of S.O.D clothing.[43] Then also in 2008 Way released his own brand of the popular shoe line entitled "Yums".[44]

Acting career[link]

In January 7, 2009 Soulja Boy announced that he was supposed to been releasing his own cartoon entitled Soulja Boy: The Animated Series but only one episode was ever released.[45][46] On April 22, 2011 Way announced that he would be making his acting debut playing the main role as Bishop on the Juice remake & that it would air on BET in sometime.[47] On July 21, 2011 Way released the trailer to his upcoming documentary about his life entitled Soulja Boy: The Movie that was released on October 18, 2011.[48]

Personal life[link]

Legal issues[link]

On December 9, 2007, Way was sued by William Lyons (a.k.a. Souljah Boy of Mo Thugs Family) who created the stage name "Souljah Boy" in 1996.[49]

On October 7, 2009, Way was arrested in Atlanta, Georgia on one count of obstruction, a misdemeanor, for running from police when he'd been ordered to stop while filming a video in an abandoned house. The rapper was released on $550 bond.[50]

In May 2011, Way and his labels were sued by a local Pennsylvania promoter for failing to make promised payments in connection with a rescheduled concert.[51]

On October 18, 2011, Way was traveling west on I-20 in Carroll County, Georgia with four other men when their vehicle was pulled over for a vehicle equipment violation. The police officer who made the stop searched the vehicle and found more than five ounces of marijuana. Way was arrested and released on bond during the same day.[52]

Victim of robbery and battery[link]

On December 30, 2008, Way was robbed and battered in his home. Initial reports indicated that the robbers were six masked men with AK-47s and pistols but on December 31, 2008, video clips surfaced on the Internet of two masked men claiming sole credit for the crime.[53] Soulja Boy described the incident to MTV News a month later: He had come home very late at night after attending an album release party and was recording songs with friends when the robbers came in pointing their guns.[54]

Family tragedies[link]

On the night of March 22, 2011, Way's little brother Deion Jenkins was killed in a car crash.[55] Then on March 24, 2011 Way's older brother threatened to commit suicide.[56]

Controversies[link]

Way's music has been banned from some school dances for sexual or violent content and/or innuendos. However, he has denied these claims.[57] In the original YouTube video for "Shootout", Soulja Boy demonstrates his dance while holding a handgun in each hand and pretending to shoot into the audience.[58]

Nas[link]

On February 25, 2008, Way said in an interview that "Nas killed hip hop and his own career".[59] Way later apologized for his comments.[60]

Ice-T[link]

In June 2008, on DJ Cisco's Urban Legend mixtape, Ice-T told Way to "eat a dick" and criticized Way for "killing hip-hop" and his song "Crank That" for being "garbage" compared to the works of other hip-hop artists such as Rakim, Das EFX, Big Daddy Kane and Ice Cube.[61] The two then traded videos back and forth over the Internet.[62] Rapper Kanye West defended Way by arguing that the younger artist created a new, original work for hip-hop, thus keeping the authentic meaning of the music.[63] The feud was parodied in a 2010 episode of The Boondocks.

In May 2011, Way's feud somewhat reignited with Ice-T again regarding The film Juice. Way stated he would also released a movie of his own to go along with his mixtape of the same name again somewhat reignited with Ice-T following a statement during Ice-T's interview with Shade 45 in late April 2011. Ice-T stated that Way's role as Bishop, which was famously originated by Tupac Shakur was not an issue. But Ice-T would find the fact that the film being remade is problematic saying ""What?” he said. “But that’s Pac… At some point, somebody gotta stop it. I came out. I made some statements. Man, I don’t know. Do you, dude, do you. If the masses accept it, it shows you the state we’re in… Come on man, you think I’d try to remake Pac’s movie? Good luck though, I'm not a hater...eh." Way himself barraged Ice-T with retaliatory tweets on the same day, joking that someone should "get this guy a hairline." [64][65]

Charles Hamilton[link]

On December 9, 2008, Charles Hamilton commented in a interview by saying that Way was making it harder for new artists to be signed.[66] Way responded by saying "X out the Sonic and fuck with Mario, you might want to got damn eat a mushroom."[67][further explanation needed] Charles Hamilton responded with the diss song "I'm You Last Year With Talent".[68] Then the diss song "Word Aight".[69]

Bow Wow[link]

On February 2, 2009, Way challenged Bow Wow to a race in their Lamborghinis and claimed Bow Wow's Lamborghini was a rental.[70] On February 4, 2009 Bow Wow proved that he owned his Lamborghini and said "its halloween in Bankhead for you everyday nigga..you scared..you all nervous and shit". Way responded on twitter by saying "HE FUCKED UP!!!! IM BOUT TO SHITTTT ON THIS NIGGA!! LOL!!!!!".[71] On February 7, 2009 both artist sent diss songs to each other such as Way's "Fuck Bow Wow" & Bow Wow's "What I Think About You".[72] Later that day during a phone conversation both rappers settled their differences.[73]

Fabolous[link]

On December 28, 2010, Fabolous during a radio interview commented on the claim that Way does cocaine, saying "pretty boy swag but never coke my nose though",[74] a reference to Way's song "Pretty Boy Swag. "Soulja Boy went on a tirade[75] on Twitter in response, saying "I ignore dis foo like 5x before this. fuck that. If you send some niggaz to spray me @myfabolouslife at least I die I real nigga fuck you boy." 50 Cent also took to Twitter to say, "leave him the f*** alone before somebody get hurt." Way and Fabolous ended their beef on a radio interview.[76]

U.S. Military[link]

In September 2011, Soulja Boy released the song "Let's Be Real". One of the lines of the song went: "Fuck the FBI and the army troops ... fighting for what? Be your own man ... I'll be flying through the clouds with green like I'm Peter Pan."[77] After the song was released, Soulja Boy was highly criticized by the military members and their families, especially in regards to the timing relative to the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.[78][79][80] Soulja Boy apologized, "When I expressed my frustration with the US Army, not only did my words come out wrong, I was wrong to even speak them." He adds, "So, I write this to give my sincerest apology to all members of the United States military services, as well as their families that were offended by my most recent lyrics."[77] Representatives for Soulja Boy have indicated that the song has been pulled from his upcoming album, Promise, and will not be available for sale. They are also attempting to remove the video from the internet.[81]

On September 7, 2011, the New York Times cited the U.S. military has announced an official ban on Way's music. Way apologized for the content of the song and has offered to do free performances for American soldiers.[82]

Discography[link]

Studio albums
Independent albums
  • Unsigned and Still Major: Da Album Before da Album (2007)
Collaboration albums

Tours[link]

  • America's Most Wanted (2009)
  • Who They Want (2011)
  • The World Is Yours (2012)

Filmography[link]

Film
Year Film Role Notes
2007 YouTube Live Himself Small Role
2008 What's at Stake?' Himself Small Role
2009 School Gyrls Himself Cameo
2010 Malice N Wonderland Soulja Small Role
2011 Soulja Boy: The Movie as Himself Documentary on his life
TBA TBA Main Role/Juice Remake
Television
Year Title Role Notes
2007 The Ellen DeGeneres Show Himself
Last Call with Carson Daly Himself
2008 Live with Regis Himself Minor appearance
Access Granted Himself For his music video for "Bird Walk"
My Super Sweet 16 Himself
2010 When I Was 17 Himself
The Mo'Nique Show Himself
Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Himself
Lopez Tonight Himself
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno Himself

Awards and nominations[link]

  • BET Hip-Hop Awards
    • '2007: Best Hip-Hop Dance (Won)'
  • Grammy Awards
    • 2008: Best Rap Song: "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" (Nominated)
  • Ozone Awards
    • '2007: Patiently Waiting: Mississippi (Won)'
    • 2008: Best Breakthrough Artist (Nominated)
    • 2008: TJ's DJ's Tastemaker Award (Nominated)
  • Teen Choice Awards
    • 2009: Choice Music: Rap Artist (Nominated)
    • 2009: Choice Music: R&B Track for "Kiss Me Thru the Phone" (Nominated)
    • 2009: Choice Music: Hook Up for "Kiss Me Thru the Phone"
    • 2009: Choice Music: Artist (Nominated)

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ Soulja Boy Tell'em Ready To Drop Paranormal Activity Mixtape
  2. ^ Soulja Boy Burns Calories, Boosts Street Cred With Arrest
  3. ^ Soulja Boy, Will.i.am, Akon Take YouTube Live
  4. ^ RealTalkNY (2010-08-17). "Forbes List The 2010 Hip-Hop Cash Kings (Jay-Z Remains King Of Kings) | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/08/topic/topic/featured/forbes-list-the-2010-hip-hop-cash-kings-jay-z-remains-king-of-kings/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  5. ^ ALLEN JACOBS (February 9, 2011). "Hip Hop Album Sales: The Week Ending 2/6/2011". Hip Hop DX. Cheri Media Group. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.14001/title.hip-hop-album-sales-the-week-ending-2-6-2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011. 
  6. ^ SouljaBoy (2011-11-20). "Soulja Boy - Real Money (Cali Life)". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edkE4Nt3GMM&feature=feedu. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  7. ^ a b Cordor, Cyril (2007). "Soulja Boy Tell Em - Biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p984247. 
  8. ^ a b Soulja Boy at SoundClick
  9. ^ Soulja Boy @ YouTube
  10. ^ Soulja Boy @ MySpace
  11. ^ Vibe Magazine. Ayo, Technology by Brent S. Grier. November 2007. Page 50.
  12. ^ "Rap City" (September 2007). BET.
  13. ^ a b Jeffries, David. "Souljaboytellem.com" Overview. Allmusic: 2007
  14. ^ All Music Chart - Souljaboytellem.com
  15. ^ Vozick-Levinson, Simon (2007-10-05). "Music Review: Souljaboytellem.com". Entertainment Weekly. Time. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20144964,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-27. "At least he owns a cool domain name. D" 
  16. ^ Robinson, Patrick. "Soulja Boy - Souljaboytellem.com Review". 411mania.com, LLC. http://www.411mania.com/music/album_reviews/60943. Retrieved 2007-12-27. "...not a chore to listen to in that sense and Soulja Boy does show some signs of youthful enthusiasm." 
  17. ^ Griff. "Soulja Boy - Souljaboytellem.com". Okayplayer.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20071225015537/http://www.okayplayer.com/reviews/index.php/weblog/more/souljaboytellemcom/. Retrieved 2007-12-27. "This one's definitely geared for the kiddies... does an excellent job of catering to current industry trends with ringtone themes ... and dance moves galore ... Despite all the criticism that he's received from hip-hop purists, it'd be naive to think Soulja Boy hasn't changed the face of hip-hop" 
  18. ^ The Review - Review of Souljaboytellem.com
  19. ^ Darryl Sterdan (December 15, 2008). "Reviewing the final new CDs of 2008; Soulja Boy Tell Em". Winnipeg Sun (Manitoba). "It isn't easy being Soulja. Everybody from Ice-T to LeBron James has been hating on the 18-year-old rapper and his hit Crank That. But before you feel sorry for him, crank his second CD. Then again, don't. Between the tossed-off shallowness of his tracks and the monotony of his repetitive vocals, you might decide that the only thing worse than being Soulja Boy is listening to him" 
  20. ^ "Soulja Boy Tell 'Em - YouTube Live Performance". YouTube. 2008-11-22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0puX3pHhGMc. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  21. ^ "Soulja Boy Tell Em - Charts & Awards - Billboard Singles". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p984247. Retrieved 2009-02-18. 
  22. ^ Westhoff, Ben (2009-08-19). "Dallas Music - The Five Most Interesting Things You Didn't Know About Soulja Boy - page 1". Dallas Observer. Village Voice Media. http://www.dallasobserver.com/2009-08-20/music/the-five-most-interesting-things-you-didn-t-know-about-soulja-boy/. Retrieved 2009-08-20. 
  23. ^ Week Ending May 17, 2009: Three Days Is Plenty For Green Day Yahoo Music Blog (written by Paul Grein): Retrieved May 20, 2009
  24. ^ a b Grein, Paul. "Week Ending Aug. 23, 2009: Over 50 And Still On Top". Yahoo! Music. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/41066/week-ending-aug-23-2009-over-50-and-still-on-top/. Retrieved 2009-26-8. 
  25. ^ Harper, Rosario (2010-08-26). "Soulja Boy Tell Em Suffers "DeAndre Way" Setback". Sohh.Com. http://www.sohh.com/2010/08/soulja_boy_tell_em_suffers_deandre_way_s.html. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  26. ^ Soulja Boy Tell'em Wants Jay-Z, Lil Wayne On DeAndre Way
  27. ^ "Soulja Boy Speaks on New Album "Dre" // Current". Current.com. 2010-03-15. http://current.com/entertainment/music/92321813_soulja-boy-speaks-on-new-album-dre.htm. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  28. ^ RealTalkNY (2009-10-30). "New Soulja Boy Mixtapes | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/10/topic/topic/music/new-soulja-boy-mixtapes/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  29. ^ RealTalkNY (2010-02-27). "Soulja Boy – Legendary Mixtape | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/02/topic/topic/music/soulja-boy-legendary-mixtape/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  30. ^ RealTalkNY (2010-04-05). "Commercial For Soulja Boy’s New Album, "Dre" | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/04/topic/topic/videos/commercial-for-soulja-boys-new-album-dre/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  31. ^ Artist Chart History - Soulja Boy Tell Em Billboard.com
  32. ^ "Soulja Boy - Best Rapper - DJ Woogie, Evil Empire". Livemixtapes.com. http://www.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/12037/soulja_boy_best_rapper.html. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  33. ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (2010-07-27). "Soulja Boy Tell'em Prepping Second DeAndre Way Single, 'Speakers Going Hammer' - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1644479/20100726/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  34. ^ RealTalkNY (2010-10-13). "BET Hip Hop Awards Performances: Rick Ross, Dipset, J. Cole, Antoine Dodson & More | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/10/topic/topic/videos/bet-hip-hop-awards-performances-rick-ross-dipset-j-cole-antoine-dodson-more/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  35. ^ "Soulja Boy - Smooky // Free Mixtape @". Datpiff.com. http://www.datpiff.com/Soulja-Boy-Smooky-mixtape.191718.html. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  36. ^ "New Music: Soulja Boy – �?1UP’ [Mixtape]". Rap-Up.com. 2011-03-17. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/03/17/new-music-soulja-boy-1up-mixtape/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  37. ^ Up for Discussion Jump to Forums. "Soulja Boy: 'I'm Headed for Greatness' with 'Juice' Mixtape, Mini-Movie - The Juice". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/column/the-juice/soulja-boy-i-m-headed-for-greatness-with-1005144502.story#/column/the-juice/soulja-boy-i-m-headed-for-greatness-with-1005144502.story. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  38. ^ SouljaBoy (2011-09-16). "Soulja Boy - S.Beezy TV Webisodes: New Album part 1". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3X3cPZlWaQ&feature=channel_video_title. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  39. ^ http://twitter.com/#!/souljaboy/media/slideshow?url=pic.twitter.com%2FDqiH13n7
  40. ^ Angelo (2011-10-01). "Soulja Boy – Skate Boy (Album Cover) | HipHop-N-More". Hiphop-n-more.com. http://hiphop-n-more.com/2011/10/soulja-boy-skate-boy-album-cover/. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  41. ^ Tweet (2009-09-03). "Kanye West & Soulja Boy Producing On Each Other’s Albums". iHipHop. http://www.ihiphop.com/?p=27710. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  42. ^ Osorio, Kim. "Soulja Boy Could Be Producing Tracks On 50 Cent's Album | News". BET. http://www.bet.com/news/music/2011/05/13/soulja-boy-could-be-producing-tracks-on-50-cent-s-album.html. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  43. ^ SouljaBoy. "Soulja Boy Tell Em - S.O.D. Money Gang Clothing Line". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOL5XEX-6uM. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  44. ^ "Soulja Boy | YumsShoes.com | The Official YUMS Website and Online Shop | Shoes, Apparel and New Era Hats". YumsShoes.com. http://www.yumsshoes.com/tag/soulja-boy/. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  45. ^ [1][dead link]
  46. ^ SouljaBoy (2010-06-09). "Soulja Boy The Animated Series: Episode 1". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mz0fktCGTWY. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  47. ^ Nigel D.. "Soulja Boy Plans To Remake The Movie "Juice" & Birdman Wants Him On Cash Money | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2011/04/topic/topic/news/soulja-boy-plans-to-remake-the-movie-juice-birdman-wants-him-on-cash-money/. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  48. ^ SouljaBoy (2011-07-21). "Soulja Boy: The Movie - Official Trailer". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmgH3bVrbmw. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  49. ^ "Souljah Boy: Guilty of Stealing and Inseminating". MTV Australia. 2008-01-10. http://www.mtv.com.au/news/354/. Retrieved 2008-09-11. 
  50. ^ Kaufman, Gil; Rodriguez, Jayson (2009-10-09). "Soulja Boy Tell'em Arrested For Running From Police". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1623510/20091009/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  51. ^ "Brewster v Palm Tree Entertainment Complaint". Scribd.com. 2011-05-19. http://www.scribd.com/doc/55780329/Brewster-v-Palm-Tree-Entertainment-Complaint. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  52. ^ Garner, Marcus K.. "Soulja Boy out on bond after arrest in Carroll County". Atlanta Journal Constitution. http://www.accessatlanta.com/atlanta-music/soulja-boy-out-on-1204539.html?cxntlid=thbz_hm. Retrieved 19 October 2011. 
  53. ^ Soulja Boy Assaulted in Georgia Allhiphop.com, January 2, 2009
  54. ^ Kaufman, Gil (2009-01-28). "Soulja Boy Tell'em Describes Alleged Robbery". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1603658/20090128/soulja_boy_tellem.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-02-18. 
  55. ^ "SAD NEWS!! Soulja Boy's BROTHER Dies In An AUTO ACCIDENT!! - MediaTakeOut.com™ 2011". Cdn.mediatakeout.com. 2011-03-22. http://cdn.mediatakeout.com/47457/sad_news_soulja_boys_brother_dies_in_an_auto_accident.html. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  56. ^ "MORE Family Tragedy!! Soulja Boy's OTHER Brother Threatens To COMMIT SUICIDE!!! (Exclusive Details) - MediaTakeOut.com™ 2011". Cdn.mediatakeout.com. 2011-03-24. http://cdn.mediatakeout.com/47500/more_family_tragedy_soulja_boys_other_brother_threatens_to_commit_suicide_exclusive_details.html. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  57. ^ Springer Jr, Anthony (November 15, 2007). "Soulja Boy Debunks "Superman Dat Hoe" Rumors". HipHopDX.com. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.5971/title.soulja-boy-debunks-superman-dat-hoe-rumors. Retrieved 2009-03-10. 
  58. ^ Harrington, Richard (December 21, 2007). "Soulja Boy Cranks It Up Big-Time". Washington Post: p. WE12. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/20/AR2007122000913.html. "... some school dances and skating rinks have banned the song for sexual slang and innuendo, though naive teens seem to be more interested in the dance and the beat than in the lyrics." 
  59. ^ RealTalkNY (2008-12-29). "Soulja Boy Says Nas Killed Hip Hop & His Own Career | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-says-nas-killed-hip-hop/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  60. ^ Soulja Boy Speaks On His Nas Comment & Album Sales
  61. ^ Hale, Andreas (2008-06-17). "Ice-T Tells Soulja Boy To Eat A Dick". Hip Hop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.7135/title.ice-t-tells-soulja-boy-to-eat-a-dick. 
  62. ^ Soulja Boy Tell'em Talks About New Album, Battle With Ice-T MTV. June 25, 2008.
  63. ^ Upmalis, Jordan (2008-06-23). "Ice-T vs. Soulja Boy Tell'em Video Blog Beef Heats Up; Kanye Weighs In". MTV News. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2008/06/23/ice-t-vs-soulja-boy-tellem-video-blog-beef-heats-up-kanye-weighs-in. 
  64. ^ Ryon, Sean (2011-05-04). "Ice-T, Soulja Boy Resume Beef Over "Juice" Remake | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.14961/title.ice-t-soulja-boy-resume-beef-over-juice-remake. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  65. ^ Kuperstein, Slava (2011-05-09). "Soulja Boy Deads Ice-T Beef | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.15031/title.soulja-boy-deads-ice-t-beef. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  66. ^ "Charles Hamilton Blames Soulja Boy". Xxlmag.Com. http://www.xxlmag.com/bloggers/2008/12/charles-hamilton-blames-soulja-boy/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  67. ^ RealTalkNY (2008-12-09). "Soulja Boy Responds To Charles Hamilton’s Comments | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/soulja-boy-responds-to-charles-hamiltons-comments/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  68. ^ RealTalkNY (2008-12-12). "Charles Hamilton – "I’m You Last Year With Talent" (Soulja Boy Diss) | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-im-you-last-year-with-talent-soulja-boy-diss/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  69. ^ RealTalkNY (2008-12-13). "Charles Hamilton – "Word? Aight" (Soulja Boy Diss) | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2008/12/topic/topic/beef/charles-hamilton-word-aight-soulja-boy-diss/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  70. ^ RealTalkNY (2009-02-02). "Soulja Boy Wants To Race Bow Wow For His Lamborghini (Bow Wow Responds) | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/pictures/rich-nigga-shit-pt4-soulja-boy-wants-to-race-bow-wow-for-his-lamborghini/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  71. ^ RealTalkNY (2009-02-04). "Bow Wow Proves He Owns His Lambo, Says R.I.P. To Soulja Boy’s Career & He Scared To Go ATL | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/bow-wow-proves-he-owns-his-lambo-says-rip-to-soulja-boys-career-lambo/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  72. ^ Soulja Boy – F*ck Bow Wow (Bow Wow Diss)
  73. ^ RealTalkNY (2009-02-07). "Audio: Bow Wow & Soulja Boy Have A Phone Convo, Beef Squashed? | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/02/topic/topic/beef/audio-bow-wow-soulja-boy-have-a-phone-convo-beef-squashed/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  74. ^ "Fabolous - Funkmaster Flex Freestyle Lyrics". Lyricsty.com. 2010-09-02. http://www.lyricsty.com/fabolous-funkmaster-flex-freestyle-lyrics.html. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  75. ^ "Hip Hop Weekly Magazine". Hiphopweekly.com. 2010-09-08. http://www.hiphopweekly.com/2010/09/08/soulja-boy-beefing-with-fabolous-via-twitte/. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  76. ^ "Top 5 Hip Hop Beefs For 2010 | RealTalkNY". Realtalkny.uproxx.com. 2010-12-28. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2010/12/topic/topic/countdown/top-5-hip-hop-beefs-for-2010/#page/3. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  77. ^ a b "Soulja Boy Apologizes After Members of Armed Forces Slam His Anti-Military Song". FoxNews. 6 Sept 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/09/06/soulja-boy-apologizes-after-members-armed-forces-slam-his-anti-military-song/#ixzz1XOWi2ZO3. Retrieved 8 Sept 2011. 
  78. ^ Fred A. Flores, a Marine Veteran and commissioner for the L.A. County Veteran’s Advisory Commission said, "It's a very offensive statement ... especially with the 10th anniversary of 9/11 coming up." "Soulja Boy RIPPED By Military Vet For Anti-Army Rap". TMZ. 5 Sept 2011. http://www.tmz.com/2011/09/05/soulja-boy-military-veteran-fred-a-flores-marines-army-troops-fbi-offensive-911/. Retrieved 12 Sept 2011. 
  79. ^ WPGC radio personality Sunni said, "Wow! Soulja Boy is a mess! With the 10th Anniversary of the 9/11 attacks fast approaching, he released a song in which he disses the FBI and the U.S. troops. I find it extremely disrespectful since the families are still in mourning over the loss of their loved ones. What a dummy!"Sunni. "SMH! Soulja Boy Says F*ck The Troops, Just Days Before 9/11 Anniversary". WPGC Radio. http://wpgc.radio.com/2011/09/05/smh-soulja-boy-says-fck-the-troops-just-days-before-911-anniversary/#ixzz1Xl1i5xew. 
  80. ^ "Soulja Boy and his camp are doing their damnedest to do some serious damage control after the swag rapper infuriated American military personnel with his ill-timed release of "Let's Be Real" during the week leading up to the tenth anniversary of the September 11th, 2001 attacks."Jom (staff writer) (10 Sept 2011). "Soulja Boy Apologizes for Anti-Military Lyrics". SputnikMusic. http://www.sputnikmusic.com/news.php?newsid=19271. Retrieved 12 Sept 2011. 
  81. ^ Powers, Lindsey (8 Sept 2011). "Soulja Boy Removes Controversial Anti-Military Song From New Album". Hollywood reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soulja-boy-removes-lets-be-real-diss-from-album-231907. Retrieved 8 Sept 2011. 
  82. ^ By N. Jamiyla Chisholm. "Soulja Boy Officially Banned by Military | News". BET. http://www.bet.com/news/music/2011/09/08/soulja-boy-officially-banned-by-military.html. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 

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