Look up PH, pH, or ph in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

PH, ph, pH, and Ph may also refer to:

Sciences[link]

• PH (complexity), the union of all people classes in the polynomial hierarchy in computational complexity theory
• Phenyl group, either -Ph or Φ, highly-stable and aromatic hydrocarbon unit found in many organic compounds
• phot, or ph, a measurement of illuminance (photometry)
• pico- henry (unit), an SI Unit of electrical inductance
• Pleckstrin homology domain, a part of many proteins which bind phosphoinositides with high affinity
• Pulmonary hypertension, a medical condition
• Soil pH is a measure of soil acidity or soil alkalinity

Aviation[link]

• PH, Aircraft registration prefix for the Netherlands
• Polynesian Airlines' IATA airline designator
• Transavia.com Denmark's IATA airline designator

Other uses[link]

• PH, the Philippines' ISO country code
  • .ph, the Philippines' Internet country code top-level domain
• A post-nominal designation for recipients of the Purple Heart
• pʰ, a phoneme
• Ph (digraph), a common digraph that represents the phoneme /f/ (voiceless labiodental fricative) in phonetics
• Ph protocol, an early web database search for CCSO Nameserver described by RFC 2378
• Poul Henningsen (1894–1967) Danish writer and designer referred to as PH in Denmark
• on maps, an abbreviation for a Public house

See also[link]

• phi, the Greek letter (φ)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

John Hagelin
Born	John Samuel Hagelin (1954-06-09) June 9, 1954 (age 58) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Residence	Fairfield, Iowa, USA
Education	Ph.D. Harvard University, 1981
Alma mater	Dartmouth College, Harvard University
Occupation	Professor
Employer	Maharishi University of Management, US Peace Government
Known for	Three-time candidate for U.S. President, physicist, and administrator
Title	Raja of Invincible America, President of the US Peace Government, and others
Political party	Natural Law Party
Spouse	Margaret (1985–1993) divorced Kara Anastasio (2010)[1]
Awards	Kilby, Ig Nobel
Website
http://www.hagelin.org

John Samuel Hagelin (born June 9, 1954) is an American particle physicist, three-time candidate of the Natural Law Party for President of the United States (1992, 1996, and 2000), and the director of the Transcendental Meditation movement for the US.^[2]

Hagelin was a researcher at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), and is now Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy at Maharishi University of Management. He has conducted research into unified field theory and the Maharishi Effect.

Hagelin was appointed Raja of Invincible America by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and is also President of the US Peace Government. He is Executive Director of the International Center for Invincible Defense, Executive Director of the Global Financial Capital of New York,^[3] Executive Director of the Center for Leadership Performance,^[4] Director of the Board of Advisors for the David Lynch Foundation,^[5] Honorary Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Maharishi University of Management,^[6] and International Director of the Global Union of Scientists for Peace.^[7]

Early life and education[link]

John Samuel Hagelin was born June 9, 1954, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[8]As a child, he played sports, but also was an accomplished piano student.^[9] Hagelin had a "genius IQ",^[10] winning a scholarship to Taft School for boys, where he received a perfect score of 165 on a school-administered IQ test. According to Neil Dickie of The Iowa Source he "(...) was also a dare-devil".^[9] In 1970, while at Taft, he was involved in a motorcycle crash that led to hospitalization and a full body cast. During this time, one of his teachers introduced him to quantum mechanics, and he also learned the Transcendental Meditation technique, both of which had major impacts on his life.^[9][11]

Hagelin later graduated from Taft and attended Dartmouth College on a scholarship. After his freshman year, a continued interest in Transcendental Meditation led him to Vittel, France, where he become a qualified teacher of the Transcendental Meditation technique. While at Dartmouth, he earned an undergraduate degree in physics in three years with highest honors (summa cum laude). He also co-authored and published papers in physics research and won a fellowship to study physics at Harvard. While at Harvard, Hagelin worked under the noted physicists Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow, best known for their work in Grand Unification theory (GUT). He received a Master's degree from Harvard in 1976, and a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1981.

Professional careers[link]

Scientist and academic[link]

By the time Hagelin had received his Ph.D. from Harvard, he had already published "several serious papers" on particle theory.^[12] In 1981, Hagelin won a postdoctoral research appointment at CERN (the European Center for Particle Physics) in Switzerland, and in 1983 was recruited by SLAC (the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center), CERN's North American counterpart.^[9]

In 1984, Hagelin shifted his appointment from SLAC to Maharishi International University (MIU), where he continued his research in physics, pursued a long-time interest in brain and cognitive science research, and established an accredited doctoral program in theoretical physics.^[13] Hagelin's move to MIU in 1984 surprised and puzzled his colleagues.^[9] Howard Georgi and John Ellis tried to talk him out of it. But, according to Georgi, Hagelin "continued to do good physics anyway."^[9] Nobel Laureate, Sheldon Glashow was quoted in a 1992 article as saying, "His papers are outstanding. We read them before he went to MIU and we read them now."^[9] Hagelin remained in contact with colleagues from Harvard, Stanford, and CERN, and continued to collaborate with them. While at MIU, his contributions to the field of theoretical physics were supported by funding from the National Science Foundation.^[9]

Hagelin is a Professor of Physics at Maharishi University of Management (formerly MIU).^[14] Hagelin is also the Founding President of Maharishi Central University,^[15][16] which was under construction in Smith Center, Kansas until early 2008, when, according to Hagelin, the project was put on hold while the TM organization dealt with the death of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.^[17]

Theoretical physics research[link]

During his time at CERN, SLAC and Maharishi University of Management (MUM), Hagelin worked on supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and grand unification theories.^[12] In the years 1979-1996, Hagelin collaborated with many leading of the figures in that field and published more than 70 papers in the fields of particle physics, electroweak unification, grand unification, supersymmetry, and cosmology, most of them in prestigious scientific journals.^[12][18][12] This includes his work on the "flipped SU(5), heterotic superstring theory" that is considered one of the more successful unified field theories or "theories of everything" and was highlighted in a cover story in Discover magazine.^[19]

Hagelin co-authored a 1983 paper entitled "Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity",^[20] which is included in a list of the 103 articles in the physical sciences that were cited the most times during the years 1983 and 1984.^[21] A 1984 study titled "Supersymmetric relics from the big bang", had been cited over 500 times as of 2007.^[22]

Critics of Hagelin have included physicist Peter Woit and journalist Christopher Andersen. Peter Woit in his book, Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and The Search for Unity In Physical Law, precedes his critical remarks on Hagelin's connection of superstring theory and consciosness by acknowledging that Hagelin had published papers in prestigious journals that would eventually be cited in over a hundred other papers.^[23] Christopher Anderson wrote in a 1992 news article in Nature that Hagelin, co-developer of one of the "better-accepted" unified field theories known as the Flipped SU(5) model, "is by all accounts a gifted researcher well known and respected by his colleagues".^[24]

Research on consciousness and the unified field[link]

In 1987 and 1989, Hagelin published two papers in the Maharishi University of Management's Journal of Modern Science and Vedic Science on the relationship between physics and consciousness.^[25][26] These papers discuss the Vedic understanding of consciousness as a field and compares it with theories of the unified field derived by modern physics. Hagelin argues that these two fields have almost identical properties and quantitative structure, and he presents other theoretical and empirical arguments that the two fields are actually one and the same — specifically, that the experience of unity at the basis of the mind achieved during the meditative state is the subjective experience of the very same fundamental unity of existence revealed by unified field theories.^[25]

Research on the Maharishi Effect[link]

As evidence for this explanation, Hagelin points to the body of research supporting the positive effects created by Transcendental Meditation and the more advanced TM-Sidhi program (which includes a practice called "Yogic Flying"). Both are said to have measurable effects on social trend parameters, a phenomenon called the "Maharishi Effect". Hagelin cites numerous studies of such effects, and in the summer of 1993, he conducted a large scale study of the same type. Approximately 4,000 TM-Sidhi program practitioners gathered in Washington, D.C., where they practiced the TM-Sidhi techniques twice daily in a group for several weeks. Using data obtained from the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department for 1993 and the preceding five years (1988–1992), Hagelin and collaborators followed the changes in crime rates for the area before, during, and after the 6 weeks when the group was gathered in Washington, D.C.^[27] In 1999, the study, which controlled for effects of temperature changes and showed a highly statistically significant drop in crime, was published in Social Indicators Research.^[28] During the eight weeks of the study, the overall level of violent crime (homicides, rapes, and assaults) decreased by 23%, with rapes declining by 58%. Homicides averaged 10 a week during the study—the same as in the weeks preceding and following the study. For most of the eight weeks of the study the homicide rate declined, but gang fighting resulted in ten murders in a 36 hour period. Robert L. Park, research professor and former chair of the Physics Department at the University of Maryland and well known skeptic of paranormal claims, dismissed the study as a "clinic in data manipulation" and accused Hagelin and his team of scientific misconduct.^[29][30] Maxwell Rainforth, Assistant Professor of Physiology and Health and Statistics at Maharishi University of Management and a coauthor of the Washington, D.C. study, characterized Park's criticisms of the study as "superficial, highly polemical" and "willfully misleading".^[31]

Reception of Hagelin's connection of unified field of physics to the Maharishi Effect[link]

Hagelin's interest in the connection between quantum physics and the Maharishi Effect has been discussed by both colleagues and critics. Hagelin was invited to be a plenary speaker at the 2007 Quantum Mind conference in Salzburg, Austria, organized by Stuart Hameroff (University of Arizona) and Gustav Bernroider (University of Salzburg). Hagelin was a featured scientist in the popular movies, What the Bleep Do We Know!?,^[32] What the Bleep? Down the Rabbit Hole (2006)^[33] and The Secret,^[34] which renewed interest in the quantum mind paradigm.^[35] Science writer Simon Singh questioned the credibility and motives of the interviewees in the film, and advised against seeing What the Bleep Do We Know!? as it would leave viewers misinformed.^[32]

Both Woit and Anderson have commented critically on Hagelin's interest in and publications on consciousness research. Woit says identifying a unified field of consciousness with a unified field of superstring theory is wishful thinking. He also asserts that most physicists think Hagelin's views are nonsense.^[23] Anderson says Hagelin's investigations into how the extension of grand unified theories of physics to human consciousness could explain the way Transcendental Meditation is said to influence world events "disturbs many researchers" and "infuriates his former collaborators."^[24] Dallas Observer political reporter Jonathan Fox wrote that "Once considered a top scientist, Hagelin's former academic peers ostracized him after the candidate attempted to shoehorn Eastern metaphysical musings into the realm of quantum physics."^[36] According to Woit, Hagelin began connecting consciousness and the unified field in the late 1970s as a Ph.D. student at Harvard. Hagelin's collaborative work in particle physics continued until 1994.^[37] Anderson says that John Ellis, director of CERN, was worried about guilt by association. Anderson quotes Ellis as saying "I was afraid that people might regard [Hagelin's assertions] as rather flaky, and that might rub off on the theory or on us."^[24]

Hagelin's linkage of quantum mechanics and unified field theory with consciousness was critiqued by University of Iowa philosophy and sociology professors Evan Fales and Barry Markovsky in 1997, in the journal Social Forces. They wrote that Hagelin's equating consciousness with the unified field relies on a similarity between quantum mechanical properties of fields and consciousness, and that his arguments rely on ambiguity and obscurity in characterizing these properties. They dismiss Hagelin's parallels between the Vedas and contemporary unified field theories as a reliance on ambiguity and vague analogy supported by constructing arbitrary similarities.^[38] David Orme-Johnson and Robert Oates, retired colleagues of Hagelin from MUM, replied to this critique in the Journal of Scientific Exploration and said, in part, that Fales' and Markovsky's accusation of "vagueness" and "ambiguity" on Hagelin's part are in themselves vague and ambiguous and that there is no standard against which they can be evaluated.^[39]

Entrepreneur[link]

In 1990, Hagelin founded Enlightened Audio Designs Corporation (EAD) with electronics engineer Alastair Roxburgh.^[40] As President and Director of Research of EAD, Hagelin designed and manufactured high-end digital-to-analog (D-to-A) converters that were critically acclaimed.^[41] In 1995, EAD was the first company in the world to develop and commercialize home theater surround-sound processors incorporating multi-channel digital surround-sound technologies, such as Dolby Digital and DTS.^[40] In 2001, EAD Corporation was sold to the Oregon-based company Alpha Digital Technologies.^[40][42]

Politician[link]

Natural Law Party[link]

The Natural Law Party (NLP) was founded in 1992 in Fairfield, Iowa by Hagelin and a group of 12 educators, scientists, business leaders, and other professionals who desired a more scientific approach to national administration that would promote field-tested solutions to the nation's problems.^[43][44] The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. During his campaigns, Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign-finance law reform and improved gun control. He proposed a flat tax with no tax for families earning less than $34,000 a year.^[45] Hagelin also campaigned to eradicate PACs and soft money campaign contributions and advocated safety locks on guns. He endorsed school vouchers and efforts to prevent war in the Middle East by reducing "people's tension".^[11] In a letter to presidential candidate Bill Clinton, Hagelin accepted Clinton's offer to debate "any serious candidate" and informed Clinton and Bush that the "Natural Law Party does not participate in negative campaigning."^[46]

The party chose Hagelin and Michael Tompkins as its presidential and vice-presidential candidates in 1992 and 1996.^[47] In 1996, Hagelin was on the ballot in 44 states as a presidential candidate.^[48]

Hagelin ran for President again in the 2000 Presidential election, being nominated both by the NLP and by the Perot wing of the Reform Party, which disputed the nomination of Pat Buchanan.^[49] Hagelin's running mate in the 2000 election was Nat Goldhaber.^[50]

A dispute over the Reform Party's nomination generated "legal action" between the Hagelin and Buchanan campaigns. In September 2000, the Federal Election Commission ruled that Buchanan was the official candidate of the Reform Party, and hence, was eligible to receive federal election funds.^[45][50] As part of the ruling, the Reform Party convention that nominated Hagelin was declared invalid.^[51] In spite of the ruling, Hagelin remained on several state ballots as the Reform Party nominee, due to the independent nature of various state affiliates. He also was the national nominee of the Natural Law Party, and in New York was the Independence Party nominee.^[50]

During his 2000 campaign, Hagelin appeared on ABC's Nightline (2000)^[52] and Politically Incorrect (2000),^[33][53] NBC's Meet the Press (2000),^[54] CNN's Larry King Live,^[55] PBS's News Hour with Jim Lehrer,^[56] Inside Politics, CNBC's Hardball with Chris Matthews, and C-SPAN's Washington Journal.^[57]

Hagelin's Presidential electoral results:

• 1992 - Ballot status in 32 states - 39,212 votes^[58]
• 1996 - Ballot status in 43 states - 113,659 votes^[58]
• 2000 - Ballot status in 39 states - 83,714 votes^[59]

In the middle of the 2000 campaign, Hagelin said that having the party's principles reach the "marketplace of ideas" and be co-opted by the Democrats and Republicans would be a victory.^[60]

In April 2004, the U.S. Natural Law Party officially disbanded its national organization, although a few state parties may still be active.^{[citation needed]} In the 2004 primary elections, Hagelin and the Natural Law Party endorsed Democratic candidate Dennis Kucinich.^[61][62]

Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy[link]

Hagelin is the Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, a think tank at Maharishi University of Management.^[14][63] According to their website, he has met with members of Congress and officials at the Department of State, and the Department of Defense on the issue of terrorism.^[64][65]

Hagelin helped to write a paragraph in Hillary Rodham Clinton's 10,000-page health proposal. He says that it was the only paragraph in the document that concerned health and preventive care.^[60]

In 1998, Hagelin gave testimony to the National Institutes of Health, DNA Advisory Committee on germ-line technologies, stating that recombinant DNA technology is inherently risky because of the high probability of unexpected side-effects.^[66][67]

Hagelin moderated a panel on stress at a June 3, 1999 Congressional Prevention Coalition caucus.^{[68][69][70][71][72]}

US Peace Government and Invincible America[link]

The American Bank Note Company Building in Lower Manhattan, former headquarters of the Center for Leadership Performance. When traveling to New York City, John Hagelin resided in one of the luxury apartments on its upper floors.^[73]

Hagelin established the US Peace Government (USPG) on July 4, 2003,^[74] as an affiliate of the Global Country of World Peace. The US Peace Government and the Global Country of World Peace were created to promote evidence-based and sustainable solutions as well as policies of governance that are aligned with Natural Law.^[75] As president of the USPG,^[75] Hagelin presides over a national assembly of USPG state representatives or governors, who in turn preside over US Peace Government assemblies and capital buildings in their respective states.^[75] The USPG announced plans to build a national capital in Washington Township, Smith County, Kansas, near the geographic center of America.^[76] The offices for the U.S. Peace Government are located in Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa,^[77] and the office of the President was at The Jefferson hotel, Washington, D.C. in 2004.^[78][78]

Hagelin is the founder and International Director of the Global Union of Scientists for Peace, an international organization of prominent scientists opposed to nuclear proliferation and war.^[79][80]

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi appointed Hagelin as the "Raja of Invincible America" on November 19, 2007. Hagelin organized the Invincible America Assembly in Fairfield, Iowa which began in July 2006. The assembly consists of a group of individuals practicing the Transcendental Meditation and the TM-Sidhi techniques in a group, twice daily. Hagelin stated in a press release announcing the project that "for the United States, with a population of just over 300 million, the required number of peace-creating experts is 1,730".^[81] According to the Global Good News website "on 28 November 2006, the United States achieved invincibility and is stabilizing the number of Yogic Flyers—rising from 1,600 to 1,730—assembled at the Invincible America Assembly in Fairfield, Iowa".^[82] In addition, Hagelin's Institute for Science Technology and Public Policy web site says that the Invincible America Assembly in Iowa "is rising quickly toward its target of 2,500".^[83]

In July, 2007, Hagelin predicted that when the number of assembly participants reached 2,500, which he said would happen within a year, America would have a major drop in crime, and see the virtual elimination of all major social and political woes in the United States.^[84] Hagelin said that the Assembly was responsible for the Dow Jones Industrial Average reaching a record high of 14,022 earlier that month, and predicted that the Dow would top 17,000 within a year.^[84][85]

Awards[link]

In 1992, Hagelin was honored with a Kilby International Award which "recognizes scientists who have made major contributions to society through their applied research in the fields of science and technology".^[43] The award was given for his work in particle physics leading to the development of supersymmetric grand unified field theories, for his innovative applications of advanced principles from control systems theory and optimization theory to digital sound reproduction, and for his research on human consciousness.^[86] Chris Anderson questioned the value of the award in an article about Hagelin published in Nature.^[24]

In 1994, Hagelin received the Ig Nobel Prize for Peace, an annual parody award presented at Harvard University which "honor[s] achievements that first make people laugh and then make them think".^[87] The Master of ceremony and award's founder Mark Abrahams called it the world's most "(un)coveted award for achievements that cannot or should not be reproduced" which are given to "honor the world's largely overlooked scientists and other contributors to modern culture, who bring smiles and guffaws to others, whether intentional or not."^[88][89] Hagelin received the prize for his "experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused an 18 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D.C."^[90]

Personal life[link]

Hagelin was married to Margaret Cowhig, his first wife^[91] from 1985 to 1993.^[43][92] In 2010, Hagelin married Kara Anastasio, the former vice-chair of the Natural Law Party of Ohio who made an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. Rep. in 2004. ^[93][1]The couple lives in Fairfield, Iowa with their son Brecon.

Books[link]

• Manual for a perfect government : how to harness the laws of nature to bring maximum success to governmental administration. Fairfield, Iowa: Maharishi University of Management. 1998. OCLC 39366340. 

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Hagelin, J.S. Manual for a Perfect Government: How to Harness the Laws of Nature to Bring Maximum Success to Governmental Administration. Maharishi University of Management Press, 1998.
• Freedman, David H: The new theory of everything. Discover, 1991, pp 54–61.
• Hagelin, J: Is consciousness the unified field? A field theorist's perspective. Modern Science and Vedic Science 1, 1987, pp 29–87.
• Hagelin, JS: Restructuring physics from its foundation in light of Maharishi's Vedic Science. Modern Science and Vedic Science 3, 1989, pp 3–72.

External links[link]

• Official site
• MUM Faculty
• PBS Bio
• Invincible America Assembly daily tally
• Political Platform
• PBS Interview, 2000
• LA Yoga Interview 2006

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (February 2010)

Bruce Harold Lipton (born October 21, 1944) is an American developmental biologist, who is best known for promoting the idea that genes and DNA can be manipulated by a person's beliefs.^[1] He teaches at the New Zealand College of Chiropractic.^[2]

Biography & Education[link]

Lipton was born in Mt. Kisco, an affluent town in New York. In 1966 he received a B.A. in Biology from C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University and then his PhD in developmental biology from the University of Virginia in 1971.

Academic Work[link]

In 1973 he taught anatomy as an Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin School Of Medicine before coming to St. George's University School of Medicine, where he became a Professor of Anatomy for 3 years. From 1987 to 1992 he was involved in research at Penn State and Stanford University Medical Center. Since 1993 he has been teaching in non-tenure positions at different universities.^[3] His publications consist mainly of research on the development of muscle cells.

Books[link]

• 2005 The Biology of Belief – Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter & Miracles
• 2006 The Wisdom of Your Cells - How Your Beliefs Control Your Biology
• 2009 Spontaneous Evolution: Our Positive Future and a Way to Get There from Here (co-authored with Steve Bhaerman).

Other Work[link]

Lipton has appeared on several radio shows as well as The Elaine Smitha Show^[4] and The Joe Rogan Experience podcast^[5] episode 165.

In addition to his appearances on radio and television, he has been a speaker at the Institute of Noetic Sciences's 13th international conference,^[6] the Spiritual Science Fellowship International Conference,^[7] and various other conventions.^[8][9]

Lipton was also featured on the documentary Kymatica by Ben Stewart (released in 2009) discussing the concepts of love and fear in their relation to the body.

Awards and honors[link]

• 2009 Goi Peace Award ^[10]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Nature, Nurture, & the Power of Love: Conscious Parenting (part 1 of 2)
• Nature, Nurture, & the Power of Love: Conscious Parenting (part 2 of 2)
• Bruce Lipton - The New Biology - Where Mind and Matter Meet 1of 2.avi
• Bruce Lipton - The New Biology - Where Mind and Matter Meet 2o f2.avi
• Genetics, Epigenetics, and Destiny - Interview with Dr. Bruce Lipton
• The Great Lesson The Great Lesson: A New Film About Mind and Body: Featuring Dr. Bruce Lipton