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Abkhazia
Abkhazia ( Apsny, Apkhazeti, Abkhazia) is a political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus whose status is disputed. It considers itself an independent state (the Republic of Abkhazia). This is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
http://wn.com/Abkhazia -
Achaemenid
http://wn.com/Achaemenid -
Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Afghanistan -
Al Alam Palace
The Al Alam Palace is the ceremonial palace of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos of Oman.
http://wn.com/Al_Alam_Palace -
Al Batinah Region
http://wn.com/Al_Batinah_Region -
Al Ghaydah
Al Ghaydah () is a capital city of Al Mahrah Governorate, southeastern Yemen. It is located at around .
http://wn.com/Al_Ghaydah -
Al Hajar Mountains
http://wn.com/Al_Hajar_Mountains -
Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
http://wn.com/Albania -
Algeria
http://wn.com/Algeria -
Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (), is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of and an estimated population of 83,888 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, being at an elevation of 1023 metres. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.
http://wn.com/Andorra -
Antarctica
Antarctica
http://wn.com/Antarctica -
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands). Separated by a few sea miles, the group is in the middle of the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. Being a former part of the British Empire has strongly influenced the country's governance, language, and culture.
http://wn.com/Antigua_and_Barbuda -
Arab League
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Arab_League -
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Bahla Fort
Bahla Fort (; transliterated: Qal'at Bahla') is one of four historic fortresses situated at the foot of the Djebel Akhdar highlands in Oman. It was built in the 13th and 14th centuries, when the oasis of Bahla was prosperous under the control of the Banu Nebhan tribe. The fort's ruined adobe walls and towers rise some 165 feet above its sandstone foundations. Nearby to the southwest is the Friday Mosque with a 14th-century sculpted mihrab. The fort was not restored or conserved before 1987, and had fallen into a parlous state, with parts of the walls collapsing each year in the rainy season.
http://wn.com/Bahla_Fort -
Bahrain
Bahrain, officially Kingdom of Bahrain (, , literally: "Kingdom of the Two Seas"), is a small island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. While Bahrain is an archipelago of thirty-three islands, the largest (Bahrain Island) is long by wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain via the King Fahd Causeway, which was officially opened on 25 November 1986. Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Bahrain -
Bangladesh
http://wn.com/Bangladesh -
Barbados
Barbados ()or (Bar-bay-dos) is an island nation of the Lesser Antilles, in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic Ocean and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and north-east of Venezuela. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
http://wn.com/Barbados -
Barka, Oman
http://wn.com/Barka_Oman -
Batinah
http://wn.com/Batinah -
Bawshar
http://wn.com/Bawshar -
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Belize
Belize () (formerly British Honduras), is a democratic constitutional monarchy, and the northernmost Central American nation. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Although Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Belize is bordered by Mexico to its north, by Guatemala to its south and west, and by the Caribbean Sea to the east.
http://wn.com/Belize -
Benin
Benin (), officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is located in the country's largest city of Cotonou. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 8.8 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.
http://wn.com/Benin -
Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan () (Dzongkha: ; Wylie: '' 'drug yul; Tibetan pinyin: ''), is a small landlocked country in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China . Bhutan is separated from the nearby state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal.
http://wn.com/Bhutan -
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil -
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
http://wn.com/British_Empire -
Brunei
http://wn.com/Brunei -
Burkina Faso
http://wn.com/Burkina_Faso -
Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
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Cambodia
http://wn.com/Cambodia -
Cameroon
http://wn.com/Cameroon -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Chad
http://wn.com/Chad -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Christmas Island
The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
http://wn.com/Christmas_Island -
Comoros
this is an island with to people on it
http://wn.com/Comoros -
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Côte d'Ivoire
The Republic of (; ), commonly known in English as Ivory Coast, is a country in West Africa. It has an area of 322,462 km2, and borders the countries of Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population which was 15,366,672 in 1998, was estimated to be 20,617,068 in 2009.
http://wn.com/Côte_d'Ivoire -
Dammam
http://wn.com/Dammam -
Denmark
http://wn.com/Denmark -
Dhofar
http://wn.com/Dhofar -
Dhofar Governorate
http://wn.com/Dhofar_Governorate -
Dibba
http://wn.com/Dibba -
Djibouti
http://wn.com/Djibouti -
East Timor
http://wn.com/East_Timor -
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt -
Eritrea
http://wn.com/Eritrea -
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
Fahud
Fahud is a permanent oil camp and oil field in the middle of the central plain area of Oman. The main camp is owned by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), the national oil company. Many contracting companies also have camps for their workers and equipment there. Fahud is the central base of PDO's operations in the interior of Oman; the company's main offices are in Mina Al Fahal in Muscat.Some meteorological datas: 1 June 2008 at 15 pm local hour it was recorded 54.5 degrees Celsius, a new record for Fahud.
http://wn.com/Fahud -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Fujairah
Fujairah (, ) is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, and the only one on the Gulf of Oman in the country's east instead of Persian Gulf (the other six emirates).
http://wn.com/Fujairah -
Gabon
http://wn.com/Gabon -
Gaza Strip
http://wn.com/Gaza_Strip -
Geography of Oman
Oman is a country situated in Southwest Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and United Arab Emirates (UAE).
http://wn.com/Geography_of_Oman -
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country) -
Grenada
Grenada () is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
http://wn.com/Grenada -
Guinea
http://wn.com/Guinea -
Guinea-Bissau
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (; , ) is located in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west.
http://wn.com/Guinea-Bissau -
Gujarat
Gujarat (, , , ) is a state in India. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati speaking people of India. The state encompasses major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Lothal and Dholavira. Gujarat played an important role in the economic history of India throughout the history of India. It is home to major ports in India's ancient and modern history, leading it to become one of the main trade and commerce center of India. Lothal, one of the world's first ports, is located in Gujarat. Mohandas Gandhi, considered as India's "father of the nation", was a Gujarati who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British rule. Even today, Gujarat has one of the fastest growing economies in India.
http://wn.com/Gujarat -
Gulf of Oman
http://wn.com/Gulf_of_Oman -
Guyana
Guyana ( ), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is a state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana has been a former colony of the British, Dutch and for a brief period, the French. It is the only state of the Commonwealth of Nations on mainland South America, and is also a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which has its secretariat headquarters in Guyana's capital, Georgetown. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a Republic on 23 February 1970.
http://wn.com/Guyana -
Gwadar
http://wn.com/Gwadar -
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Ibri
Ibri () is a city in the region Ad Dhahirah, in northeastern Oman.
http://wn.com/Ibri -
Imamate of Oman
http://wn.com/Imamate_of_Oman -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica). It is the only ocean to be named after a country, i.e., India.
http://wn.com/Indian_Ocean -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Iraqi Kurdistan
http://wn.com/Iraqi_Kurdistan -
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel -
Jamaica
http://wn.com/Jamaica -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan -
Karnataka
Karnataka (, pronounced ) is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
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Kazakhstan
http://wn.com/Kazakhstan -
Kenya
The Republic of Kenya (pronounced ) is a country in East Africa. Lying along the Indian Ocean to its southeast and at the equator, Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria is to the southwest and is shared between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya has numerous wildlife reserves, containing thousands of animal species. The capital city is Nairobi. Kenya's area is 580,000 km2 with a population of nearly 39 million which is diverse: more than 40 different ethnic groups are present. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks.
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Kerala
Kerala (Malayalam: , {{audio|Ml-Kerala.ogg|) is a state in India. It is located on the south-western region of the country. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act bringing together the areas where Malayalam was the dominant language.
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Khasab
Khasab () is a city in an exclave of Oman. It is the local capital of the Musandam peninsula. Khasab is located 500 kilometers from Muscat and is dubbed the "Norway of Arabia". The Portuguese built Khasab at the beginning of the 17th century at the height of their naval presence in the region. The natural harbor gave shelter from tough seas. Unlike many forts, which were built on high ground for defensive purposes, Khasab was designed as a supply point for dates and water for Portuguese ships sailing through the strait. Today, Khasab is protected from floods by three large dams.
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Kirman
http://wn.com/Kirman -
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
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Laos
Laos (, , or ), officially the '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''', is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Lesotho
http://wn.com/Lesotho -
Libya
http://wn.com/Libya -
Liechtenstein
http://wn.com/Liechtenstein -
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
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Macau
Macau (), also spelled Macao () is, along with Hong Kong one of China's two special administrative regions. It lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
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Madagascar
Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic, French: ), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world.
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Madha
The Omani territory of Madha () or Wadi Madha is an exclave of Oman, surrounded by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and located halfway between the Musandam Peninsula and the rest of Oman. It belongs to Muhafazat Musandam.
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Makran
The present day Makran ({{lang-ur|) is a semi-desert coastal strip in the south of Sindh, Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan, along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. The present day Makran derived its name from Maka a satrap of Achaemenid Empire.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
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Maldives
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Mali
http://wn.com/Mali -
Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
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Masqat, Oman
http://wn.com/Masqat_Oman -
Mauritania
http://wn.com/Mauritania -
Mauritius
http://wn.com/Mauritius -
Mayotte
http://wn.com/Mayotte -
Mombasa
http://wn.com/Mombasa -
Monaco
http://wn.com/Monaco -
Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
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Morocco
http://wn.com/Morocco -
Mozambique
http://wn.com/Mozambique -
Musandam
http://wn.com/Musandam -
Musandam Governorate
http://wn.com/Musandam_Governorate -
Muscat, Oman
http://wn.com/Muscat_Oman -
Nahwa
Nahwa is a village that is part of the Emirate of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. It is an enclave within the Omani territory of Madha, itself an exclave of Oman.
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New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand -
Niger
Niger ( or ; ), officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey.
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Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
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North Korea
http://wn.com/North_Korea -
Northern Cyprus
http://wn.com/Northern_Cyprus -
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway -
Oman
Oman (pronounced ; '), officially the Sultanate of Oman''' ( ), is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains Madha and Musandam, two exclaves on the Gulf of Oman, south of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on the land side.
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Oman proper
Oman proper ( []) refers a historical area within the present-day Sultanate of Oman. It lay inland from Muscat beyond the Jebel Akhdar (Green Mountains) and was centered on the city of Nizwa in the area of the current region of Ad Dakhiliyah. Along with Muscat and Dhofar, it was a constituent part of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman but with the 1970 palace coup, the term Oman alone was applied to the entire country.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
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Parthian Empire
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Persia
http://wn.com/Persia -
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is also controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf (by the Arab nations on the Arab side of the gulf) or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, and Gulf of Basra by Turkey, although none of the latter three terms is recognized internationally.
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Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
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Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
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Punjab, India
Punjab ( , ) (pronounced ) is a state in northwest India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Chandigarh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state capital is Chandigarh, which is administered separately as a Union Territory because it is also the capital of Haryana. Other major cities of Punjab include Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda, Rajpura Patiala and Jalandhar.
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Qatar
Qatar ( ; ; local pronunciation: ), also known as the State of Qatar or locally , is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise, the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island nation of Bahrain.
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Rodrigues
http://wn.com/Rodrigues -
Rub' al Khali
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Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Rustaq
Rustaq () is a town and wilayah (district) in the Al Batinah Region of northern Oman. The city is located at .
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Réunion
http://wn.com/Réunion -
Saham
:'''Sahm' redirects here. For the acronym SAHM('stay at home mom'), see Homemaker.''
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Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia (; ) is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 (238 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 160,000. Its capital is Castries. The island nation has been the home of two Nobel laureates, Arthur Lewis and Derek Walcott. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after Faroe Islands.
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Salalah
Salalah (), is the capital and seat of the governor or Wali of the southern Omani province of Dhofar. The population of Salalah is 197,169 as of 2009.
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Saudi Arabia
http://wn.com/Saudi_Arabia -
Senegal
http://wn.com/Senegal -
Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
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Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone () (Krio: Sa Lone), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has a population estimated at 6.5 million. It is a former British Colony and now a constitutional republic comprising three provinces and the Western Area; which are further divided into fourteen districts.
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Sindh
http://wn.com/Sindh -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands ) is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (10,965 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
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Somaliland
http://wn.com/Somaliland -
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
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South Ossetia
South Ossetia ( or ; , Khussar Iryston; , Samxret Oseti; , Yuzhnaya Osetiya) or Tskhinvali Region (, Tsxinvalis regioni; , Tskhinvalskiy region) is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
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State of Palestine
The State of Palestine (, dawlat filastin), officially simply Palestine (, filastin), is a polity that was unilaterally declared in Algiers on 15 November 1988, when the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) National Council (PNC) adopted the Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
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Strait of Hormuz
{| align="right"
http://wn.com/Strait_of_Hormuz -
Sudan
Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
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Sur, Oman
Sur () is a capital city of Ash Sharqiyah Region, northeastern Oman, on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. It is located at around , and is 93 miles (150 km) southeast of the Omani capital Muscat. Historically the city is known for being an important destination point for sailors. Today the sea still plays an important part of life in Sur.
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Suriname
http://wn.com/Suriname -
Suwayq
http://wn.com/Suwayq -
Swaziland
The Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
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Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
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Tajikistan
Tajikistan ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (, Jumhurii Tojikiston; , Respublika Tadzhikistan; Jomhuri-ye Tajikestan), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan and the Gilgit-Baltistan region, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (, ) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the States of Puducherry, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
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Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania (; phonetical: tan-zann-ei-a; or sometimes tan-zanneia; ) is a country in central East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.
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Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
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The Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets (rocks). It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States (nearest to the state of Florida). Its total land area is ; slightly larger than the US states of Connecticut and Rhode Island combined), with an estimated population of 330,000. Its capital is Nassau. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the designation of the Bahamas refers normally to the commonwealth and not the geographic chain.
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The Gambia
The Republic of the Gambia, commonly known as the Gambia, or Gambia, is a country in Western Africa. The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, bordered to the north, east, and south by Senegal, with a small coast on the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
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Togo
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Tonga
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Tunisia
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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Turkmenistan
The Turkmenistan (), also known as Turkmenia () is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 12,373 makes it the second-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at , Monaco at and Nauru at .
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UAE
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Uganda
The Republic of Uganda ( or ) is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania.
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UK
http://wn.com/UK -
United Arab Emirates
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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University of Nizwa
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Uzbekistan
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Vatican City
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Venezuela
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Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
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Wadi
Wadi ( '; also: Vadi''') is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley. In some cases, it may refer to a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain or simply an intermittent stream.
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Wadi Shab
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West Bank
The West Bank (, , , ''HaGadah HaMa'aravit'') is a landlocked territory and is the eastern part of the Palestinian territories; on the west bank of the Jordan River in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south, the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel. To the east, across the Jordan River, lies the country of Jordan. The West Bank also contains a significant coastline along the western bank of the Dead Sea. Since 1967, most of the West Bank has been under Israeli military occupation as what it calls the Judea and Samaria Area. A smaller part of the West Bank is administered by the Israeli civilian authorities as part of Jerusalem District.
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Western Sahara
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Yemen
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Zanzibar
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Ali Al-Habsi
Ali Abdullah Harib Al-Habsi (), born December 30, 1981 in Muscat) is an Omani footballer who plays for Wigan Athletic as a goalkeeper, on loan from Bolton Wanderers.
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Amr ibn al-As
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Arab
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Buddhists
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Ghalib Bin Ali
Imam Ghalib bin Ali Al-Hinai (1912 – 29 November 2009) was the last elected Imam of the Ibadi sect in Oman. He led the Ibadi sect from his Imamate of Oman in Nizwa and Oman proper in revolt against Said Bin Taimur the Sultan of Muscat in various small uprisings starting in 1955.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Indian people
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Macau
Macau (), also spelled Macao () is, along with Hong Kong one of China's two special administrative regions. It lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
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Muhammad
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Parthians
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Persian people
Ethnic group|group = Persian Speakers
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Portuguese people
The Portuguese () are an ethnic group or nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
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Qaboos bin Said
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Said bin Taimur
Said bin Taimur (13 August 1910—19 October 1972) () was the sultan of Muscat and Oman (the country later renamed to Oman) from 10 February 1932 until his overthrow on 23 July 1970. His second wife was Mazoon al-Mashani.
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Saif bin Sultan
Saif Bin Sultan was one of the most famous Imams of the ibadi sect in Oman. He ruled from the year 1690 to the year 1707. He led the Omani navy to big victories over the Dutch and Portuguese in India and east Africa. He was named the "chain of earth" for his bravery.
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Seljuks
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Semitic
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Sindhi people
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Somali people
Ethnic group
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Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
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Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira () (c. 1460 or 1469 – 24 December 1524) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. For a short time in 1524 he was Governor of Portuguese India under the title of Viceroy.
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Women in Oman
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US Television - Oman 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:22
- Published: 28 Mar 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Visit www.us-television.tv - Oman 2. USTV is an independent production company wich specializes in the production of country business features. These different features give a full overview of the economic situation in a country and promote trade and investment opportunities.
http://wn.com/US_Television_Oman_2
Red Bull Cliff Diving in Oman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Published: 29 Sep 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
The final stop of the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series 2012 was held in Wadi Shab in Oman where 28 year old Gary Hunt from the United Kingdom was declared champion.
http://wn.com/Red_Bull_Cliff_Diving_in_Oman
Competitors in huge cliff diving tournament in Oman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:45
- Published: 28 Sep 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Britain's Gary Hunt takes victory in the Oman leg of the Cliff Diving World Series title. Report by Sam Datta-Paulin. Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and follow us on Twitter at twitter.com
http://wn.com/Competitors_in_huge_cliff_diving_tournament_in_Oman
OMAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:43
- Published: 27 Aug 2011
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
The Land of Oman | أرض عمان
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:31
- Published: 28 Jun 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
WATCH IT IN HD -Please Rate, Comment and Subscribe
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Tour of Oman 2012 Promo film (English)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Published: 04 Jan 2012
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
TourofOman 2012
http://wn.com/Tour_of_Oman_2012_Promo_film_English
Presumed dead, Indian soldier traced 'alive' in Oman jail - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:39
- Published: 24 Sep 2012
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
Did Pakistan lie about claims that no Indian 'POWs' were still on Pakistan soil? Recent claims have exposed Pak lies about the matter. Sukhdev Singh, an Indian carpenter who was employed in Oman for two years, and worked at the country's Masira Jail, now claims that Indian war heroes languish behind bars in Oman. The Indian Embassy in Muscat has said it is looking into the reports of the Prisoner of War being spotted in Oman. A senior Indian Embassy official said that they are taking the appropriate steps in the best interests of everyone. The Pakistani Embassy however said they are unaware of the reports. Here is the story. For more log onto - www.newsx.com
http://wn.com/Presumed_dead,_Indian_soldier_traced_'alive'_in_Oman_jail_NewsX
Princess leads efforts to preserve Oman's nature res...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 11 Jul 2012
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Princess Sayyida Tania Bint Shabib Al Said is leading efforts to preserve Oman's nature reserves and turtle populations. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Princess_leads_efforts_to_preserve_Oman's_nature_res
All Access: Yanni On Tour - Muscat, Oman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 20 Jun 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Join Yanni as his world tour stops in the beautiful city of Muscat, Oman and he visits a school for the blind.
http://wn.com/All_Access_Yanni_On_Tour_Muscat,_Oman
Pringles Oman Flash Mob
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:23
- Published: 11 Jul 2012
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Pringles Burst Your Flavor, An initiative by BullsEye Communication Oman, One of the most colorful and lively event witnessed by residents in Oman, Whoever visited City centre had an amazing fun time with Pringles. The biggest surprise was Pringles Flash Mob performed by Latin Muscat Dance Group, Breakers King and Kickbox Muscat that truly reflected the true flavor and personality of over 20 nationalities and over 55 dancers from all age brackets.
http://wn.com/Pringles_Oman_Flash_Mob
Oman Siddique - Tere Bin - Official Full Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Published: 25 Aug 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Culture Mix Present "Tere Bin" by Oman Siddique - Produced by Balli Kalsi Out Now on iTunes itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/Oman_Siddique_Tere_Bin_Official_Full_Video
Drifting competition in Oman - Red Bull Car Park Drift 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:10
- Published: 23 Mar 2012
- Updated: 25 Sep 2012
Following a series of exceptional drift shows that proved the superior skills of Omani drivers, Mohammed Al Asmi snatched the local title of Red Bull Car Park Drift. redbull.com Subscribe www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Drifting_competition_in_Oman_Red_Bull_Car_Park_Drift_2012
Indian Ocean 4/6 - Oman To The Maldives
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:08
- Published: 29 Jul 2012
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Simon Reeve travels through sixteen countries around the edge of the Indian Ocean in this six episode BBC documentary series. indian ocean "indian ocean" bbc documentary series nature attenborough "david attenborough" "bbc series" "bbc nature" "bbc documentary" "nature documentary" sea india...
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Muscat,Oman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 23 Jul 2012
- Updated: 25 Sep 2012
Driving round Muscat in Oman
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Cliff Diving in the Desert - Red Bull Cliff Diving 2012 Oman - TEASER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 27 Sep 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
The final cliff diving location will be in the small village of Niyabat Tiwi in Oman. The Arabic summer is still in full swing and awaits the world's cliff diving elite with temperatures of up to 45° Celsius, with the battle for the most prestigious title in this sport closer than it's ever been with only one competition to go. American Steven LoBue and defending World Series champion Gary Hunt, from England, both have to win the seventh and final stop on the Arabian Peninsula to take the title of World Series champion for 2012. Any other result will see 9X world champion Orlando Duque (COL) awarded the title for the second time since 2009. Want even more cliff diving action? Check this out: www.redbull.com ___________________________________________________________ Experience the world of Red Bull like you have never seen it before. With the best action sports clips on the web and YouTube exclusive series, prepare for your "stoke factor" to be at an all time high. Red Bull on Facebook: win.gs Red Bull on Twitter: win.gs Subscribe to Red Bull on Youtube: www.youtube.com
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Japan Vs Oman: 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian Qualifiers - (Final Rd, Match Day 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Japan 3-0 Oman: Japan handed Oman a comprehensive 3-0 defeat in front of a record-breaking crowd at Saitama Stadium on Sunday evening as Alberto Zaccheroni's side made an impressive start to the final round of qualifying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals. For more, visit goo.gl Visit our channel: goo.gl FACEBOOK: goo.gl TWITTER: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Japan_Vs_Oman_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Asian_Qualifiers_Final_Rd,_Match_Day_1
Iraq Vs Oman: 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian Qualifiers (Final Rd, Match Day 3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 12 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Iraq 1-1 Oman: Oman's revival in the final round of qualifying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup continued on Tuesday as Iraq needed a first-half penalty from captainYounus Mahmood to earn a 1-1 draw. For more, visit goo.gl Visit our channel: goo.gl FACEBOOK: goo.gl TWITTER: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Iraq_Vs_Oman_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Asian_Qualifiers_Final_Rd,_Match_Day_3
Battlefield 3: Gulf of Oman Stuntrun by mashed8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Published: 29 Sep 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Another great stunt run. This time here on Gulf of Oman featuring the F35, one of the best looking Jets in Battlefield 3 which has the ablility to use the hover mode. Producer's Channel: www.youtube.com www.youtube.com PIXEL ENEMY PRESENTS Subscribe to Pixel Enemy: www.youtube.com Like Pixel Enemy on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow Pixel Enemy on Twitter: www.twitter.com Visit Pixel Enemy on the web: www.pixelenemy.com TAGS: "Battlefield 3" 'Battlefield 3: Gulf of Oman Stuntrun" "BF 3" BF3 mashed8 "mashed 8" "mashed8 cinematics" "Stunt run" Cinematic machinima codename "battlefield cinema" "Battlefield stunts" "battle recorder" "battle recorder" "only in battlefield" yt:quality=high HD new 2012 "release date" trailer image tips review demo today video games gaming xbox 360 playstation ps3 PC console consoles pixelenemy pixel enemy
http://wn.com/Battlefield_3_Gulf_of_Oman_Stuntrun_by_mashed8
Japan vs Oman - 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification - AFC 4th Round
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 86:12
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification - AFC 4th Round - Group B - Match Day 1
http://wn.com/Japan_vs_Oman_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_AFC_4th_Round
Codename - Oman (Battlefield 3 Stunt Run)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Published: 08 Sep 2012
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
Another great stunt run. This time here on Gulf of Oman featuring the F35, one of the best looking Jets in Battlefield 3 which has the ablility to use the hover mode. VulcanHdGaming (Pilot) is defintly not using this to showcase his skills to fly a stunt run in one attempt. Creative Director/Pilot www.youtube.com Film/Edit www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Battlelog platoon - EN: goo.gl Battlelog platoon - DE: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Codename_Oman_Battlefield_3_Stunt_Run
Admiral Harvey addresses Oman helicopter crash
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Published: 27 Jul 2012
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Admiral Harvey addresses Oman helicopter crash
http://wn.com/Admiral_Harvey_addresses_Oman_helicopter_crash
Battlefield 3: Gulf of Oman | Gameplay Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 28 Nov 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
We are bringing back three popular combat vehicles from Battlefield 2 into the Battlefield 3: Back to Karkand expansion pack: The STOVL fighter jet, desert buggy, and one of the APC's. In this gameplay trailer from the Gulf of Oman map, you can also get a first glimpse of a classified fourth vehicle bound to strike fear into the very hearts of the enemy. Battlefield 3: Back to Karkand is out December 2011 at no extra charge if you own a copy of the Battlefield 3: Limited Edition, or available the same date at £11.99/1200 Microsoft Points. Follow www.twitter.com on Twitter - for competitions, latest news & more www.battlefield.com
http://wn.com/Battlefield_3_Gulf_of_Oman_|_Gameplay_Trailer
Tour of Oman 2012 - Stage 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 17 Feb 2012
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
UN / Jennifer S Altman
Creative Commons / Chad J. McNeeley
European Community / Cohesion
Creative Commons / J. Patrick Fischer
Creative Commons / MattKingston
Creative Commons / Magnus Manske
AP / Fars News Agency, Hamed Jafarnejad
Creative Commons / Dual Freq
Creative Commons / Oneblackline
Creative Commons / Yuvalr
AP / Hani Mohammed
AP / ISNA,Amir Kholousi
AP / ISNA, Amir Kholousi
WN / Bhaskar Mallick
PIB of India
Creative Commons / Al Hafa
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / 4m.pharma
WN / Robert Bagatsing
WN / Robert Bagatsing- WN / Robert Bagatsing
Creative Commons / Lars Plougmann
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph M. Buliavac
AP / John Weaver, File
Creative Commons / Dual Freq
Photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
02 Oct 2012
Tweet Washington, Oct 2 (ANI): With the surge of American troops over and the Taliban still a potent threat, US military and diplomatic officials in Afghanistan are now abandoning their once ambitious...
Photo: UN / J Carrier
02 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling In banning several Iranian government officials from attending President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's speech at the United Nations, the United States could...
Photo: AP / Vincent Yu
02 Oct 2012
Hong Kong police on Tuesday arrested seven crew members from two boats in a collision that killed 38 holiday revelers, but they offered no theory about how the vessels ran into each other on a clear...
Photo: US Navy / Chief Mass Communication Specialist Michael B. Watkins
30 Sep 2012
KABUL, Afghanistan -- U.S. military deaths in the Afghan war have reached 2,000, a cold reminder of the human cost of an 11-year-old conflict that garners little public interest at home as the United...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
01 Oct 2012
October 01: Date palm leaves can help remove chemicals like pharmaceuticals and dyes from hospital waste water before it is discharged into the municipal sewers, says a scientist from a university in...
Photo: UN / Jennifer S Altman
29 Sep 2012
Yemen’s president said Saturday that he personally approves every U.S. drone strike in his country and described the remotely piloted aircraft as a technical marvel that has helped reverse...
Photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick
17 Sep 2012
Islamabad, September 17: Pakistan has begin culling over 21,000 imported Australian sheep after tests showed they were diseased, a media report said Monday. Sindh government officials decided Sunday...
The Daily Mail
Wigan boss Roberto...(size: 0.1Kb)
Wigan Athletic are considering a move for Oman striker Eid Al Farsi and have invited him for a trial
02 Oct 2012
Sky Sports
Wigan have invited Oman international Eid Al Farsi for a one-week trial, the Oman Football Association (OFA) confirmed....(size: 1.4Kb)
Three suspects held on theft charges in Oman
02 Oct 2012
Gulf News
Muscat: The Royal Oman Police (ROP) have arrested three Arab suspects on charges of theft and sabotage in Seeb suburb, according to a press release on Monday. “After interrogation, the three suspects confessed that they had stolen 9,000 Omani riyals from a store in Seeb and damaged the...(size: 19.0Kb)
Business from Oman held with bullet in wallet
01 Oct 2012
The Times of India
MUMBAI: A businessman from Oman was arrested from Mumbai airport for allegedly carrying a .22mm bullet in his wallet while returning to his country. According to police, Fahad Khalfan (33) had come to Mumbai on September 26 on a business trip and was returning to Oman on Sunday when the incident...(size: 3.5Kb)
Two infants drown in Oman
01 Oct 2012
Gulf News
Muscat: Two Omani infants drowned in separate accidents in eastern region on Sunday, according to Royal Oman police (ROP) press release. “A 20-month-old girl lost her balance while playing and fell in a pool of water near her house,” a spokesperson for ROP’s Public Relations Department said. He...(size: 18.8Kb)
Oman Haj pilgrims urged to expedite vaccination
01 Oct 2012
Gulf News
Muscat: The Omani Haj Mission will leave for the holy sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on October 11 to make preparations for pilgrims from Oman. Shaikh Kahlan Bin Nabhan Al Kharousi, Oman’s Assistant Grand Mufti, stressed the importance of issuing a Haj licence to avoid any problems...(size: 19.1Kb)
Into the blue: Diving in Oman's Musandam
30 Sep 2012
Gulf News
While I was really keen on reviewing Al Marsa’s one-day dhow dive trip in Musandam, Oman, I was also a little apprehensive. The trip was happening in peak summer, which can sometimes mean smelly, sweaty divers lying spreadeagle on majlis cushions on the open upper deck of a beaten-up dhow, trying to...(size: 20.5Kb)
Oman road fatalities register 7% increase
30 Sep 2012
Gulf News
Muscat: A seven per cent increase in fatal road accidents has been recorded until September 10 this year compared to the same period last year, according to a Royal Oman Police (ROP) press release on Saturday. According to recent statistics released by the Traffic Department, 814 people were killed...(size: 21.8Kb)
Gulf News
Muscat: Oman flagship financial institution bank muscat will host a conference on financial crimes on Tuesday and Wednesday in collaboration with the Royal Oman Police (ROP) at the bank’s head office. The conference aims to complement the government and the Central Bank of Oman’s (CBO) efforts...(size: 19.8Kb)
Oman to create 56,000 jobs for nationals
29 Sep 2012
Gulf News
Finding suitable jobs for Omanis is a source of headache for Omani authorities and likely to remain the case in the foreseeable future, based on demographic statistics. Available statistics are alarming, with nearly 43 per cent of the local population below 15 years of age. What’s more, unemployment...(size: 20.9Kb)
This article is about The Arabian sultanate. For other uses, see Oman (disambiguation).
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) |
| Sultanate of Oman
سلطنة عُمان
Salṭanat ʻUmān |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Anthem: Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani National anthem of Oman |
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_(orthographic_projection).svg) |
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| Capital (and largest city) |
Muscat 23°36′N 58°33′E / 23.6°N 58.55°E / 23.6; 58.55 |
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| Official language(s) | Arabic | |||||
| Demonym | Omani | |||||
| Government | Unitary Islamic Absolute monarchy |
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| - | Sultan | Qaboos bin Said al Said | ||||
| - | Deputy Prime Minister | Fahd bin Mahmoud al Said[1] | ||||
| Legislature | Council of Oman | |||||
| - | Upper house | Council of State | ||||
| - | Lower house | Consultative Assembly | ||||
| Establishment | ||||||
| - | Imamate established[2] | 751 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 309,501 km2 (70th) 119,498 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | negligible | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2010 census | 2,773,479 [3] | ||||
| - | Density | 9.2/km2 (220th) 23.8/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $81.767 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $26,519[4] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $71.888 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $23,315[4] | ||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.705[5] (high) (89th) |
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| Currency | Rial (OMR) |
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| Time zone | (UTC+4) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC+4) | ||||
| Drives on the | Right. | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | OM | |||||
| Internet TLD | .om | |||||
| Calling code | 968 | |||||
| 1 | Population estimate includes 816,143 non-nationals. | |||||
Oman (
i/oʊˈmɑːn/ oh-MAAN; Arabic: عمان ʻUmān), officially called the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: سلطنة عُمان Salṭanat ʻUmān), is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam enclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
For a period, Oman was a moderate regional power, formerly having a sultanate extending across the Strait of Hormuz to Iran, and modern day Pakistan, and far south to Zanzibar on the coat of south-east Africa. Over time, as its power declined, the sultanate came under heavy influence from the United Kingdom, though Oman was never formally part of the British Empire, or a British protectorate. The Omani royal family claim that Oman has been ruled by the Al Said dynasty since 1744, although without substantial proof. Oman has long-standing military and political ties with the United Kingdom and the United States, although it maintains an independent foreign policy.[6]
Oman is an absolute monarchy in which the Sultan of Oman exercises ultimate authority but its parliament has some legislative and oversight powers.[7] In November 2010, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) listed Oman, from among 135 countries worldwide, as the nation most-improved during the preceding 40 years.[8] According to international indices, Oman is one of the most developed and stable countries in the Arab World.[9]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Oman
Stone Age[link]
Dereaze, located in the city of Ibri, is the oldest known human settlement in the area, dating back as many as 8,000 years to the late Stone Age.[citation needed] Archaeological remains have been discovered here from the Stone Age and the Bronze Age; findings have included stone implements, animal bones, shells and fire hearths, with the later dating back to 7615 BC as the oldest signs of human settlement in the area. Other discoveries include hand-molded pottery bearing distinguishing pre-Bronze Age marks, heavy flint implements, pointed tools and scrapers.
On a mountain rock-face in the same district, animal drawings have been discovered. Similar drawings have also been found in the Wadi Sahtan and Wadi Bani Kharus areas of Rustaq, consisting of human figures carrying weapons and being confronted by wild animals. Siwan in Haima is another Stone Age location and some of the archaeologists have found arrowheads, knives, chisels and circular stones which may have been used to hunt animals.
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Sumerian tablets refer to a country called Magan or Makan, a name believed to refer to Oman's ancient copper mines. Mazoon, another name used for the region, is derived from the word muzn, which means heavy clouds which carry abundant water. The present-day name of the country, Oman, is believed to originate from the Arab tribes who migrated to its territory from the Uman region of Yemen; many such tribes settled in Oman, making a living by fishing, herding or stock breeding, and many present day Omani families are able to trace their ancestral roots to other parts of Arabia.
From the 6th century BC to the arrival of Islam in the 7th century AD, Oman was controlled and/or influenced by three Persian dynasties, the Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids. In the 6th century BC, the Achaemenids exerted a strong degree of control over the Omani peninsula, most likely ruling from a coastal center such as Sohar. By about 250 BC, the Parthian dynasty had brought the Persian Gulf under their control and extended their influence as far as Oman, establishing garrisons in Oman to help control the trade routes in the Persian Gulf. In the 3rd century AD, the Sassanids succeeded the Parthians and held the area until the rise of Islam four centuries later.[10]
Arrival of Islam[link]
Omanis were among the first people to embrace Islam.[11] The conversion of the Omanis is usually ascribed to Amr ibn al-As, who was sent by Muhammad around 630 AD to invite Jayfar and 'Abd, the joint rulers of Oman at that time, to accept the faith. In accepting Islam, Oman became an Ibadhi state, ruled by an elected leader, the Imam. During the early years of the Islamic mission, Oman played a major role in the Wars of Apostasy that occurred after the death of Muhammad, and also took part in the great Islamic conquests by land and sea in Iraq, Persia and beyond. Oman's most prominent role in this respect was through its extensive trading and seafaring activities in East Africa and the Far East, particularly during the 19th century, when it propagated Islam to many of East Africa's coastal regions, certain areas of Central Africa, India, Southeast Asia and China. After its conversion to Islam, Oman was ruled by Umayyads between 661–750, Abbasids between 750–931, 932–933 and 934–967, Qarmatians between 931–932 and 933–934, Buyids between 967–1053, and the Seljuks of Kirman between 1053–1154.
Portuguese colonization[link]
A decade after Vasco da Gama discovered the seaway to India in 1498, Portuguese explorers arrived in Oman and occupied Muscat for a 140-year period, between 1508 and 1648. In need of an outpost to protect their sea lanes, the Portuguese colonists built up and fortified the city, where remnants of their colonial architectural style still remain.
Rebellious tribes eventually drove out the Portuguese, but were pushed out themselves about a century later, in 1741, by the leader of a Yemeni tribe leading a massive army from various allied tribes, beginning the current line of ruling sultans. Excepting a brief Persian invasion in the late 1740s, Oman has been self-governing ever since.
No foreign power controlled the entirety of what is now Oman. The majority of the territory was always ruled by tribes, with colonial control contained to a few strategic port cities. Oman, as it exists now was never under the total sway of European colonization, unlike true "colonies" such as the British in India.
Oman, East Africa and the Indian Ocean[link]
In the 1690s, Saif bin Sultan, the Imam of Oman, pressed down the East African coast. A major obstacle to his progress was Fort Jesus, housing the garrison of a Portuguese settlement at Mombasa. After a two-year siege, the fort fell to bin Sultan in 1698. Thereafter the Omanis easily ejected the Portuguese from Zanzibar and from all other coastal regions north of Mozambique, with the aid of the Somalis. Zanzibar was a valuable property as the main slave market of the East African coast, and became an increasingly important part of the Omani empire, a fact reflected by the decision of the 19th century Sultan of Oman, Sa'id ibn Sultan, to make it his main place of residence in 1837. Sa'id built impressive palaces and gardens in Zanzibar. Rivalry between his two sons was resolved, with the help of forceful British diplomacy, when one of them, Majid, succeeded to Zanzibar and to the many regions claimed by the family on the East African coast. The other son, Thuwaini, inherited Muscat and Oman.
A History of Omani presence is also known in Comoros archipelago in the Indian ocean, which led to a great influence in the Comorian culture from the clothing, to the wedding ceremonies. It is said that the capital of Comoros, Moroni, was once the capital of the Omani sultanate empire and a center of trade for the empire.
Oman and Gwadar[link]
Main article: Gwadar
In 1783, Oman's Saiad Sultan, defeated ruler of Muscat, was granted sovereignty over Gwadar, a coastal city located in the Makran region of what is now the far southwestern corner of Pakistan, near the present-day border of Iran and at the mouth of the Gulf of Oman.[note 1][12] He was to continue this sovereignty, via an appointed wali (or "governor"), after regaining control of Muscat, and he maintained close relations with the Emirs of Sindh. The Sultans of Muscat retained sovereignty over Gwadar until the 1950s. In 1955, Makran acceded to Pakistan and was made a district – although Gwadar, at the time, was not included in Makran. In 1958, Gwadar and its surrounding areas were returned to Pakistan by Muscat, and were given the status of Tahsil of the Makran district.[note 2][13]
Jebel Akhdar War[link]
The Hajar Mountains, of which the Jebel Akhdar, or Green Mountain, is a part, separated the country into two distinct regions: the interior, known as Oman, and the coastal area dominated by the capital, Muscat [46]. Imam Ghalib bin Ali Al Hinai (1912 – 29 November 2009) was the elected Imam of The Imamate of Oman [47]. Relations between the Sultan of Muscat, Said bin Taimur, and Imam Ghalib were ruptured over a dispute concerning the right to grant oil concessions. A subsidiary of the Iraq Petroleum Company was intensely interested in some promising geological formations near Fahud [46]. Under the terms of a 1920 treaty, the Sultan of Muscat was responsible for the external affairs of Oman [48]. The Sultan claimed all dealings with the oil company as his prerogative. The Imam, on the other hand, claimed that since the oil was in his territory, anything dealing with it was an internal matter [46]. In December 1955, Sultan Said bin Taimur sent troops of the Muscat and Oman Field Force to occupy the main centres in Oman, including Nizwa, the capital of the Imamate of Oman, and Ibri [48]. Imam Ghalib bin Ali along with his younger brother Talib bin Ali Al Hinai, led the Imamate of Oman in the Jebel Akhdar War against Sultan Said bin Taimur's attack on his lands. In July 1957, the Sultan's forces were withdrawing but were repeatedly ambushed, sustaining heavy casualties [48]. Sultan Said bin Taimur, however, with the intervention of infantry (two companies of the Cameronians) and armoured car detachments from the British Army and aircraft of the RAF was able to suppress the rebellion [49]. Talib's forces retreated to the inaccessible Jebel Akhdar [49].The war lasted 5 years until the Sultan of Muscat's Armed Forces, aided by colonial British soldiers from the Special Air Service, had put down the Jebel Akhdar revolt in 1959, and Imam Ghalib went into exile in Saudi Arabia [47]. He continued for a short time to lead a temporary government-in-exile from Dammam, Saudi Arabia while the fighting continued in Oman. The Treaty of Seeb was terminated and the autonomous Imamate of Oman abolished giving way to the present day Sultanate [50]. Imam Ghalib continued to receive many visitors from Oman up until his death and was deeply respected by the people of Oman. He was known for his faithful adherence to his religion, and his generosity. He died on 29 November 2009 at the age of 96 in Dammam [47].
Dhofar rebellion[link]
Main article: Dhofar Rebellion
The Dhofar Rebellion was launched in the province of Dhofar against the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and Britain from 1962 to 1975. As the rebellion threatened to overthrow the Sultan's rule in Dhofar, Sultan Said bin Taimur was deposed by his son Qaboos bin Said, who introduced major social reforms and modernised the state's administration. The rebellion was ended by the intervention of Iranian Imperial forces, Pakistani Baluchistan Imperial ground forces, British Royal Air Force air power and major offensives by the expanded Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces.
2011 Omani protests[link]
Main article: 2011 Omani protests
Politics[link]
Main articles: Politics of Oman and Human rights in Oman
The head of state and of the government is the hereditary sultan, Qaboos bin Said Al Said, who appoints a cabinet called the "Diwans" to assist him. In the early 1990s, the sultan instituted an elected council, the Consultative Assembly of Oman, It had advisory roles until 2011, when Sultan Qaboos decided to give legislative powers to the council, allowing the newly elected parliament to question ministers, propose laws and suggest changes to government regulations.[14]
There are no legal political parties in Oman. As more and more young Omanis return from education abroad, it seems likely that the traditional, tribal-based political system will have to be adjusted.[15] A State Consultative Council, established in 1981, consisted of 55 appointed representatives of government, the private sector, and regional interests.
Foreign policy[link]
Main article: Foreign relations of Oman
Since 1970, Oman has pursued a moderate foreign policy and expanded its diplomatic relations dramatically. Oman is among the very few Arab countries that have maintained friendly ties with Iran.[16][17] Wikileaks disclosed US diplomatic cables which have shown that cordial relations between Oman and Iran have borne fruit for the United Kingdom (in helping release British sailors imprisoned by Iran).[18] The same cables also portray the Omani government as wishing to maintain cordial relations with Iran and as having continuously turned down US diplomats requesting Oman to take a sterner stance against Iran.[19][20][21][22]
Military[link]
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010) |
Main article: Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces
Oman's armed forces, the Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF), including Royal Household troops, numbered 120,000 in 2010, consisting of: 105,000 personnel in the Royal Army of Oman (RAO), equipped with over 120 main battle tanks and 37 Scorpion tanks; 8,100 personnel in the Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO) operating 180–200 combat aircraft, trainers, transports and helicopters; and 6,200 personnel in the Royal Navy of Oman (RNO) sailing 64 patrol and coastal vessels. Paramilitary units include the Tribal Home Guard (Firqats) of 8,000 personnel organized in small tribal teams, a Royal Oman Police (ROP) coast guard of 400, and a small ROP air wing. Funded directly by the Sultan, the elite Royal Household brigade, naval unit, and air unit number 6,400, including two special forces regiments. Oman holds one of the world's largest stocks of Scud missiles, ranging at an estimate of over 30,000 ballistic missiles. In 2008 Oman spent 7.7% of GDP on military expenditures.[23] According to Times Online, Oman is home to the world's only camel-backed bagpipe military band.
Geography[link]
Main articles: Geography of Oman and Geology of Oman
| Geography of Oman | |
|---|---|
| Coastline | 2,092 km |
| Bordering countries | Saudi Arabia, UAE and Yemen |
Oman lies between latitudes 16° and 28° N, and longitudes 52° and 60° E.
A vast gravel desert plain covers most of central Oman, with mountain ranges along the north (Al Hajar Mountains) and southeast coast, where the country's main cities are also located: the capital city Muscat, Sohar and Sur in the north, and Salalah in the south. Oman's climate is hot and dry in the interior and humid along the coast. During past epochs Oman was covered by ocean, witnessed by the large numbers of fossilized shells existing in areas of the desert away from the modern coastline.
The peninsula of Musandam (Musandem) exclave, which has a strategic location on the Strait of Hormuz, is separated from the rest of Oman by the United Arab Emirates.[24] The series of small towns known collectively as Dibba are the gateway to the Musandam peninsula on land and the fishing villages of Musandam by sea, with boats available for hire at Khasab for trips into the Musandam peninsula by sea.
Oman's other exclave, inside UAE territory, known as Madha, located halfway between the Musandam Peninsula and the main body of Oman,[24] is part of the Musandam governorate, covering approximately 75 km2 (29 sq mi). Madha's boundary was settled in 1969, with the north-east corner of Madha barely 10 m (32.8 ft) from the Fujairah road. Within the Madha exclave is a UAE enclave called Nahwa, belonging to the Emirate of Sharjah, situated about 8 km (5 mi) along a dirt track west of the town of New Madha, consisting of about forty houses with a clinic and telephone exchange.[25]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Oman
Oman has a hot climate and very little rainfall. Annual rainfall in Muscat averages 100 mm (3.9 in), falling mostly in January. Dhofar is subject to the southwest monsoon, and rainfall up to 640 mm (25.2 in) has been recorded in the rainy season from late June to October.[citation needed] While the mountain areas receive more plentiful rainfall, some parts of the coast, particularly near the island of Masirah, sometimes receive no rain at all within the course of a year. The climate generally is very hot, with temperatures reaching around 50 °C (122.0 °F) (peak) in the hot season, from May to September.
| Climate data for Oman | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
79 (26) |
84 (29) |
93 (34) |
102 (39) |
104 (40) |
100 (38) |
97 (36) |
97 (36) |
95 (35) |
86 (30) |
81 (27) |
91.5 (33.1) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 63 (17) |
63 (17) |
70 (21) |
75 (24) |
84 (29) |
88 (31) |
86 (30) |
82 (28) |
81 (27) |
75 (24) |
70 (21) |
64 (18) |
75.1 (23.9) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 0.5 (12.7) |
1 (25.4) |
0.598 (15.2) |
0.701 (17.8) |
0.299 (7.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.299 (7.6) |
0.5 (12.7) |
3.9 (99) |
| Source: weather.com[26] | |||||||||||||
Flora and fauna[link]
Desert shrub and desert grass, common to southern Arabia, are found, but vegetation is sparse in the interior plateau, which is largely gravel desert.
The greater monsoon rainfall in Dhofar and the mountains makes the growth there more luxuriant during summer; coconut palms grow plentifully in the coastal plains of Dhofar and frankincense is produced in the hills, with abundant oleander and varieties of acacia.
The Al Hajar Mountains are a distinct ecoregion, the highest points in eastern Arabia with wildlife including the Arabian tahr.
Indigenous mammals include the leopard, hyena, fox, wolf, hare, oryx, and ibex. Birds include the vulture, eagle, stork, bustard, Arabian partridge, bee eater, falcon, and sunbird. In 2001, Oman had nine endangered species of mammals and five endangered types of birds[citation needed] and nineteen threatened plant species. Decrees have been passed to protect endangered species, including the Arabian leopard, Arabian Oryx, Mountain gazelle, Goitered Gazelle, Arabian tahr, Green sea turtle, Hawksbill Turtle and Olive ridley turtle, but UNESCO have de-listed the Oman Arabian Oryx sanctuary from the World Heritage list due to the government's decision to reduce the site to 10% of its former size.[27]
Administrative divisions[link]
Main article: Regions and governorates of Oman
Since 28 October 2011, Oman is divided into eleven governorates (muhafazah):[28][29][30]
- Ad Dakhiliyah
- Ad Dhahirah North
- Al Batinah North
- Al Batinah South
- Al Buraimi
- Al Wusta
- Ash Sharqiyah North
- Ash Sharqiyah South
- Dhofar
- Masqat
- Musandam
Below the governorates, Oman is divided into provinces (wilayat).
Environment[link]
Drought and limited rainfall contribute to shortages in the nation's water supply, so maintaining an adequate supply of water for agricultural and domestic use is one of Oman's most pressing environmental problems, with limited renewable water resources; 94% of available water is used in farming and 2% for industrial activity, with the majority sourced from fossil water in the desert areas and spring water in hills and mountains. Drinking water is available throughout the country, either piped or delivered.
The soil in coastal plains, such as Salalah, have shown increased levels of salinity, due to over exploitation of ground water and encroachment by seawater in the water table. Pollution of beaches and other coastal areas by oil tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman is also a persistent risk.
| Demographics of Oman | |
|---|---|
| Languages | Arabic,Balochi, English |
| Religion | Ibadi Islam |
| Ethnic groups | Arab, Baloch, South Asian and African |
| Life expectancy | 73.13 years |
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Oman
According to the 2010 census, the total population was 2.773 million and of those, 1.96 million were Omanis. The population has grown from 2.340 million in the 2003 census. In Oman, about 50% of the population lives in Muscat and the Batinah coastal plain northwest of the capital; about 200,000 live in the Dhofar (southern) region, and about 30,000 live in the remote Musandam Peninsula on the Strait of Hormuz.
Some 600,000 foreigners live in Oman, most of whom are guest workers from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, India and the Philippines.
Largest cities[link]
|
Largest cities or towns of Oman http://www.geonames.org/OM/largest-cities-in-oman.html |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | Governate / Region | Pop. | ||||||
 Muscat [[File:|border|120px|Seeb]] |
1 | Muscat | Muscat | 797 000 |  Salalah [[File:|border|120px|Bawshar]] |
||||
| 2 | Seeb | Muscat | 237 816 | ||||||
| 3 | Salalah | Dhofar | 163 140 | ||||||
| 4 | Bawshar | Muscat | 159 487 | ||||||
| 5 | Sohar | Al Batinah | 108 274 | ||||||
| 6 | Suwayq | Al Batinah | 107 143 | ||||||
| 7 | Ibri | Al Batinah | 101 640 | ||||||
| 8 | Saham | Al Batinah | 89 327 | ||||||
| 9 | Barka | Al Batinah | 81 647 | ||||||
| 10 | Rustaq | Al Batinah | 79 383 | ||||||
Religion[link]
Around 75% of the population consists of Ibadhi, a form of Islam distinct from the Sunni and Shia denominations, 24% Sunni Muslims and the Zaydi Shi'ite sect (Distinct from the Twelver Shi'ites forming the remaining 1% of the Omani population. The Oman government does not keep statistics on religious affiliation, but most citizens are Muslims.[31] Non-Muslim religious communities individually constitute less than 5% of the population and include various groups of Hindus, Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Baha'is, and Christians. Christian communities are centered in the major urban areas of Muscat, Sohar, and Salalah and include Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and various Protestant congregations, organizing along linguistic and ethnic lines. More than 50 different Christian groups, fellowships, and assemblies are active in the Muscat metropolitan area, formed by migrant workers from Southeast Asia, although there are small communities of ethnic Indian Hindus and Christians that have been naturalized.[citation needed] Many of the non-Muslims in Oman are due to the historical and cultural influence of India.
Economy[link]
| Economy of Oman | |
|---|---|
|
File:Ruwi CBD.jpg
The Central Bank of Oman
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|
| Currency | Omani Riyal (R$, OMR) |
| Fiscal year | Calendar year |
| Central Bank | Central Bank of Oman |
| Stock Market | Muscat Stock Market |
Main article: Economy of Oman
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008) |
Oman's Basic Statute of the State expresses in Article 11 that, "The National Economy is based on justice and the principles of a free economy."
Omani citizens enjoy good living standards, but the future is uncertain with Oman's limited oil reserves.[31] Other sources of income, agriculture and industry, are small in comparison and count for less than 1% of the country's exports, but diversification is seen as a priority in the government of Oman. Agriculture, often subsistence in its character, produces dates, limes, grains and vegetables, but with less than 1% of the country under cultivation Oman is likely to remain a net importer of food.
Since the slump in oil prices in 1998, Oman has made active plans to diversify its economy and is placing a greater emphasis on other areas of industry, such as tourism.
Oil and gas[link]
Oman's proved reserves of petroleum total about 5.5 billion barrels, 24th largest in the world.[32] Oil is extracted and processed by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), with proven oil reserves holding approximately steady, although oil production has been declining.[33][34] In 2009, production was estimated at 816,000 barrels per day.[35]
Commercial export of oil began in 1967 and since Sultan Qaboos' accession to the throne in 1970, many more oil fields have been found and developed. In June 1999, PDO discovered a new oil field in southern Oman after drilling and testing three wells which demonstrated the commercial viability of the reservoir.
Work is continuing on the RO 503.876 million (US$1.3 billion) oil refinery project in Sohar, which was due to go into operation in 2006 with a 116,400 barrels per day (18,510 m3/d) refining capacity, with the short to mid-term future of Oman resting on the project. In 2004 the Oman Oil Refinery was supplied with about 78,200 barrels per day (12,430 m3/d) for refining, while PDO began using steam injection technology in several wells to increase their productivity.
Natural gas has increased greatly in importance due to the exploitation of gas fields and the opening of a processing plant at Sur, on the coast south of Muscat. Oman's natural gas reserves are estimated at 849.5 billion cubic meters, ranking 28th in the world, and production in 2008 was about 24 billion cubic meters per year.[36]
Mineral resources[link]
Oman's mineral resources include chromite, dolomite, zinc, limestone, gypsum, silicon, copper, gold, cobalt, and iron. Several industries have grown up around them as part of the national development process which, in turn, have boosted the minerals sector's contribution to the nation’s GDP as well as providing jobs for Omanis. The mineral sector's operations include mining and quarrying, with several projects recently completed, including: an economic feasibility study on silica ore in Wadi Buwa and Abutan in the Wusta Region, which confirmed that there were exploitable reserves of around 28 million tonnes at the two sites; a feasibility study on the production of magnesium metal from dolomite ore; a draft study on processing limestone derivatives; a project to produce geological maps of the Sharqiyah Region; economic feasibility studies on the exploitation of gold and copper ores in the Ghaizeen area; a study on raw materials in the wilayats of Duqm and Sur for use in the Sultanate's cement industry; and a study on the construction of a new minerals laboratory at Ghala in the Governorate of Muscat.
Industry[link]
The industrial sector is a cornerstone of the Sultanate’s long-term (1996–2020) development strategy for diversifying the sources of national income and reducing dependence on oil; it is also capable of helping to meet Oman's social development needs and generate greater added value for national resources by processing them into manufactured products.
The Seventh Five-Year Development Plan creates the conditions for an attractive investment climate, providing a strategy for the industrial sector aiming to develop the information technology and telecommunications industries. The Knowledge Oasis Muscat complex has been set up and expanded, and Omani companies are developing their technological potential through collaboration with various Japanese and German institutions.
There are industrial estates in Sohar, Sur, Salalah, Nizwa and Buraimi providing industries with the resources for expansion. Provision of Natural gas to the industrial estates in Sohar and Salalah, help to promote expansion of those industries reliant on large quantities of energy; tax exemptions are given as an incentive to encourage their expansion and development, with the industrial sector expected to contribute 15% to the country's GDP by 2020.[citation needed]
Development plans[link]
The Omani economy has been radically transformed over a series of development plans beginning with the First Five-year Plan (1976–1980). At Sultan Qaboos's instruction, "Vision 2020", a plan for Oman's economic future up to the year 2020, was set out at the end of the first phase of the country's development, from 1970–1995, outlining the country's economic and social goals over the 25 years of the second phase of the development process (1996–2020).
Oman 2020, held in June 1995, has developed the following aims with regard to securing Oman's future prosperity and growth:
- To have economic and financial stability
- To reshape the role of the Government in the economy and to broaden private sector participation
- To diversify the economic base and sources of national income
- To globalize the Omani economy
- To upgrade the skills of the Omani workforce and develop human resources
A free-trade agreement with the United States took effect 1 January 2009, eliminating tariff barriers on all consumer and industrial products, also providing strong protections for foreign businesses investing in Oman.[37]
Tourism[link]
Main article: Tourism in Oman
File:Bustan-palace.jpg
Al-Bustan Palace Hotel
Oman is known for its popular tourist attractions. Wadis, deserts, beaches, and mountains are areas which make Oman unique among its neighboring Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) nations (wadis in particular). With a coastline of 1700 km, Oman offers clean beaches popular with visitors. Few beaches are private, except some attached to the beach resort hotels, or those adjoining military or official property. Wadis are green, lush oases of palm trees, grasses, and flowers. Some wadis have year-round running water, with deep, cool pools in which it is quite safe to swim if the currents are slow. A Falaj (pl. aflaaj) is a system for the distribution of water and is commonly used to describe irrigation channel systems downstream of water sources. Some aflaaj in Oman were built more than 1,500 years ago, whilst others were built at the beginning of the 20th century. In many areas, the only water available is attained by drilling wells to depths of dozens of meters.[citation needed]
Numerous forts and castles are included among Oman's cultural landmarks and, together with its towers and city walls, have historically been used as defensive bastions or look-out points, as well as the seats of administrative and judicial authority. There are over 500 forts, castles, and towers in various architectural styles, built to defend more than 3200 km coastline from potential invaders.
Souqs can be found in many of the towns throughout the country. One of the oldest preserved souqs in Oman is Muttrah, on the Corniche, consisting of a maze of pathways; gold and silver jewelry is found in abundance as well as numerous wooden carvings, ornaments and spices and traditional implements. Household goods make up the bulk of the wares. Today the capital area also has a number of Western European-style Shopping Malls, mainly situated in Qurum, but also extending to the Al Khuwair area of Muscat, where a variety of shops, ranging from boutiques to chain stores, can be found.[38] The largest mall in the country is the Muscat City Centre which includes a French Carrefour hypermarket. Another mall namely the Muscat Grand Mall is expected to open soon and it will be the largest mall in Oman.Now 10 other big hypermarkets are there in Oman named Lulu Hypermarket.
Other popular tourist activities include sand skiing in the desert, scuba diving, rock climbing, trekking, surfing & sailing, cave exploration, birdwatching, bull fighting, and camel races. The Sohar Music Festival happening in Sohar every October/November attracts more and more tourists each year. The Muscat Festival, usually held in January and February, is similar to the Dubai Shopping Festival, but smaller in scale, where traditional dances are held, temporary theme parks open, and concerts take place. Another popular event is The Khareef Festival held in Salalah, Dhofar, which is 1,200 km from the capital city of Muscat, during the monsoon season (August) and is similar to Muscat Festival. During this latter event the mountains surrounding Salalah are popular with tourists as a result of the cool weather and lush greenery, rarely found anywhere else in Oman.[39]
Labor[link]
The estimated workforce was 920,000 in 2002. These days average pay is around 100 OMR to 150 OMR per month. A large proportion of the indigenous population were still engaged in subsistence agriculture or fishing. The skilled local labor force is small, and many of the larger industries depend on foreign workers from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka. Oman's foreign workers send an estimated US$30 billion annually to their Asian and African home states, more than half of them earning a monthly wage of less than US$400.[40] The largest foreign community is from the south Indian states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka or come from Maharastra, Gujarat and the Punjab,[41] representing more than half of entire workforce in Oman. Salaries for overseas workers are known to be less than for Omani nationals, though still from two to five times higher than for the equivalent job in India.[40]
The minimum working age for Omani citizens is 13, but this provision is not enforced against the employment of children in family businesses or on family farms. The minimum working age for foreign workers is 21. The minimum wage for non-professional workers was US$260 per month in 2002. However, many classes of workers (domestic servants, farmers, government employees) are not required to receive the minimum wage and the government is not consistent in its enforcement of the minimum wage law. The private sector working week is 40 to 45 hours long, while government officials have a 35-hour working week.[citation needed]
Labor unions[link]
Oman Law was amended during February 2010 to allow the formation of labor unions. There are now approximately 70 Labor Unions within the Sultanate. The law allows peaceful protests. Collective bargaining is not permitted, however there exist labor-management committees in firms with more than 50 workers. These committees are not authorized to discuss conditions of employment, including hours and wages. The Labor Welfare Board provides a venue for grievances.[citation needed]
Inflation[link]
As oil prices have risen to a record high, so has inflation. The government depends mostly on oil revenue, more than on tax returns from companies and other government-owned companies. The government is also Oman's largest employer, so the high interest that government gets increases the prices of food and construction equipment. The government did support the fuel prices so it doesn't increase the inflation and to make the price suitable for people on low wages.
The minimum wage has been changed from 120 Rials a month to 140 Rials because of high records of inflation driven by high prices of oil.[citation needed] In February 2011, the minimum wage was increased from 140 Rials per month to 200 Rials per month.[citation needed]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transport in Oman
Oman maintains the following road links to its neighboring countries:
- United Arab Emirates: Oman has several good road connections at Buraimi (Al Ain), Waddi Hatta (Wajaja), Khamat Mulahah (Fujairah) and Bukha.
- Yemen: Route 47: Raysut to Sarfait in Oman – Yemen border. The road then goes to Hawf, Al Faydami, Al Ghaydah. Another road is from Thumrait to Al Mazyonah in Oman – Yemen border.The road then goes to Shisan, Al Kurah, Al Ghaydah.
- Saudi Arabia: Desert road through Al Mashash. There is also a new road under construction to link the two countries.
Oman National Transport Company or ONTC is the Oman's public bus service company. Muscat International Airport and Salalah Airport are the two main airports in Oman. A rail link has been proposed connecting all major GCC nations and Oman is party to this project. The Muscat Port or Port Sultan Qaboos (Mina Qaboos as its locally known) is the prime maritime gateway of Oman. Other ports have been built in Salalah and Sohar. The Sohar port will be one of the largest in the region once construction completely finishes. Oman is also constructing the Al Duqm Port & Drydock and drydock.
Oman Air is the national carrier of Oman. Formerly Gulf Air was the national carrier of the Sultanate, but as other Arab nations withdrew from the joint venture, Oman too withdrew. It was the last country to do so.
The Oman Ferries Company maintains the two diesel-powered, high-speed, car ferries – Shinas and Hormouz. The ferries are used for travel between Muscat and Khasab. Khasab is strategically located in Musandam on the southern tip of the Strait of Hormuz and is controlled by Oman. Mainland Oman is separated by a small strip of UAE territory from Musandam.[42]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Oman
Before 1970, only three formal schools existed in the whole country with fewer than 1000 students receiving education in them. Since Sultan Qaboos came to power in 1970, the government has given high priority to education to develop a domestic work force, which the government considers a vital factor in the country's economic and social progress. Today there are over 1000 state schools and about 650,000 students. In 1986, Oman's first university, Sultan Qaboos University, opened. University of Nizwa is also one of the fastest growing Universities in Oman with a newly completed research center and a growing department of Information Systems. The department of Information Systems of the University of Nizwa is perhaps the biggest in the Gulf in terms of students' population. Among notable American Professors include Dr. Richmond Adebiaye who is considered an expert in Information Systems and Security. Other post-secondary institutions in Oman include Higher College of Technology and its six other colleges of technology, six colleges of applied sciences (including a teacher's training college), a college of banking and financial studies, an institute of Sharia sciences, and several nursing institutes. Some 200 scholarships are awarded each year for study abroad.
University of Nizwa[link]
The University of Nizwa was established in 2002 by the Decree of His Majesty the Sultan Qaboos as the first non-profit university in the Sultanate of Oman; it remains the only institution of its kind in the nation. Upon the satisfaction of all requirements set forth by the Ministry of Higher Education and the Higher Education Council, the University of Nizwa was granted legal status by ministerial decision No. 1/2004 on 3 January 2004. On 16 October 2004, the University of Nizwa opened the doors to its inaugural class of 1,200 students, 88% of whom were Omani women. The current campus is located near the base of the famous Jabal al-Akhdhar in Birkat al-Mouz, 20 km NW of Nizwa. The construction of a new campus, located near the new Farq-Hail highwa began in March 2010. The university is currently in the final stage of institutional accreditation in accordance with the academic standards established by the Oman Academic Accreditation Authority.
Though the student body comprises native Arabic speakers, the official language of academic instruction is English, making the university a bilingual institution. English language proficiency is achieved in a year-long intensive course as part of the academic General Foundation Program.
Pre-university education in Oman has three stages: primary, preparatory, and secondary. Six years of primary schooling are followed by preparatory school. Academic results of the preparatory exams determine the type of secondary education the student will receive. Nine private colleges exist, providing two-year post secondary diplomas. Since 1999, the government has embarked on reforms in higher education designed to meet the needs of a growing population, only a small percentage of which are currently admitted to Higher Education Institutions. Under the reformed system, four public regional universities will be created, and incentives are provided by the government to promote the upgrading of the existing nine private colleges and the creation of other degree-granting private colleges.[citation needed]
The adult illiteracy rate was estimated at 28.1% for the year 2000 (males, 19.6%; females, 38.3%). In 1998, there were 411 primary schools with 313,516 students and 12,052 teachers. Student-to-teacher ratio stood at 26 to 1. In secondary schools in 1998, there were 12,436 teachers and 217,246 students. As of 1999, 65% of primary-school-age children were enrolled in school, while 59% of those eligible attended secondary school. In the same year, public expenditure on education was estimated at 3.9% of GDP. In 1993, there were 252 literacy centers and 176 adult education centers. Three teachers' colleges were functioning as of 1986. The Institute of Agriculture at Nazwa became a full college by 1985. Sultan Qaboos University opened in 1986. In 1998, all higher-level institutions had 1,307 teachers and 16,032 students.
Apart from the schools for Omani nationals, various other schools are present in Oman too that accommodate the children of the huge expatriate population of Oman. These include Indian Schools, Bangaldeshi Schools, Sri Lankan Schools, Pakistani Schools, The American School in Muscat, The American British Academy and the Philippine School Muscat.
Science and technology[link]
Most research conducted in Oman has been done at the behest of the government; agriculture, minerals, water resources, and marine sciences have drawn the most attention. Sultan Qaboos University, founded in 1985, has colleges of science, medicine, engineering, and agriculture. In 1987–97, science and engineering students accounted for 13% of college and university enrollments.
The Institute of Health Sciences, under the Ministry of Health, was founded in 1982. Muscat Technical Industrial College (later renamed the Higher College of Technology), founded in 1984, has departments of computing and mathematics, laboratory science, and electrical, construction, and mechanical engineering.[citation needed] The Oman Natural History Museum, founded in 1983, includes the national herbarium and the national shell collection. All of these organizations are located in Muscat.
Meteorites[link]
The central desert of Oman is an important source of meteorites for scientific analysis.[43] Since 1999, search campaigns in Oman have provided about 20% of the world's meteorites.[citation needed] These include rare meteorites from Mars and the Moon. The meteorite accumulations in the gravelly central desert play an important role in increasing knowledge of conditions in the early solar system.
Health[link]
Life expectancy at birth in Oman is estimated to be 74.47 years in 2012.[44] As of 1999, there were an estimated 1.3 physicians and 2.2 hospital beds per 1,000 people. In 1993, 89% of the population had access to health care services. In 2000, 99% of the population had access to health care services.[citation needed] During the last three decades, the Oman health care system has demonstrated and reported great achievements in health care services and preventive and curative medicine. In 2001, Oman was ranked number 8 by the World Health Organization.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Oman
See also: Islam in Oman, List of traditional games in Oman, Music of Oman, Cinema of Oman, and Women in Oman
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Although Arabic is Oman's official language, there are native speakers of different dialects, as well as Balochi (the language of the Baloch from Baluchistan western-Pakistan, eastern Iran), and southern Afghanistan or offshoots of Southern Arabian, and some descendants of Sindhi sailors. Also spoken in Oman are Semitic languages only distantly related to Arabic, but closely related to Semitic languages in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Swahili and English are also widely spoken in the country due to the historical relations between Oman and Zanzibar the two languages have been linked historically. The dominant indigenous language is a dialect of Arabic and the country has also adopted English as a second language. Almost all signs and writings appear in both Arabic and English.[citation needed] A significant number also speak Urdu, due to the influx of Pakistani migrants during the late 1980s and the 1990s.
Oman is famous for its khanjar knives, which are curved daggers worn during holidays as part of ceremonial dress. During the Medieval era, khanjars became highly popular as they symbolized Muslim sailors, and later various types of khanjars were made, representing various sailing nations in the Muslim world. Today, traditional clothing is worn by most Omani men. This typically consists of an ankle-length, collarless robe called a dishdasha that buttons at the neck with a tassel hanging down. Traditionally, this tassel would be dipped in perfume. Today the tassel is merely a traditional part of the dishdasha.
Women wear the hijab and abaya. Some women cover their faces and hands, but most do not.[citation needed] The abaya is a traditional dress and currently comes in different styles. The Sultan has forbidden the covering of faces in universities. On holidays, such as Eid, the women wear traditional dress, which is often very brightly colored and consists of a mid-calf length tunic over trousers. The Abaya is mostly worn in the capital, whereas in the interior regions brightly colored dresses are the usual attire.[citation needed]
Food[link]
Main article: Cuisine of Oman
The main daily meal is usually eaten at midday, while the evening meal is lighter. During Ramadan, dinner is served after the Taraweeh prayers, sometimes as late as 11 pm. Maqbous is a rice dish, with yellow rice and saffron served and cooked over spicy red or white meat. Arsia is a festival meal, served during celebrations, which consists of mashed rice flavoured with spices. Another popular festival meal is shuwa, which is meat cooked very slowly (sometimes for up to 2 days) in an underground clay oven. The meat becomes extremely tender and it is infused with spices and herbs before cooking to give it a very distinct taste. Fish is often used in main dishes too, and the kingfish is a popular ingredient. Mashuai is a meal consisting of a whole spit-roasted kingfish served with lemon rice. Rukhal bread is a thin, round bread originally baked over a fire made from palm leaves. It is eaten at any meal, typically served with Omani honey for breakfast or crumbled over curry for dinner. Chicken, fish and mutton are regularly used in dishes.
Although spices, herbs, onion, garlic and lime are liberally used in traditional Omani Cuisine, unlike similar Asian food, it is not hot or spicy. Omani Cuisine is also distinct from the Indigenous foods of other Arab states of the Arabian Peninsula and even varies within the Sultanate's different regions.[citation needed] There are also significant differences in cuisine between different regions of Oman.
Sport[link]
| Sports of Oman | |
|---|---|
| Popular sports | Football, volleyball, handball, basketball and hockey. |
| National sports teams | 5 |
| National sports clubs | 48 |
| National colors | Red, white, green |
The government aims to give young people a fully rounded education by providing activities and experience in the sporting, cultural, intellectual, social and scientific spheres, and to excel internationally in these areas and for this reason, in October 2004, the government created a Ministry of Sports Affairs to replace the General Organization for youth, sports and cultural affairs.
The 2009 Gulf Cup of Nations, the 19th edition, took place in Muscat, from 4 to 17 January 2009 and was won by the Omani national football team.
The International Olympic Committee awarded the former GOYSCA its prestigious prize for Sporting excellence in recognition of its contributions to youth and sports and its efforts to promote the Olympic spirit and goals.
The Oman Olympic Committee played a major part in organizing the highly successful 2003 Olympic Days, which were of great benefit to the sports associations, clubs and young participants. The football association took part, along with the handball, basketball, rugby union, hockey, volleyball, athletics, swimming, and tennis associations. In 2010, Muscat hosted the 2010 Asian Beach Games.
They also host tennis tournaments in different age divisions each year. Inside the Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex stadium contains a 50 meter pool for swimming which is used for international tournaments from different schools in different countries. The Tour of Oman, a professional cycling 6-day stage race, is held in February.
Oman also hosted the Asian 2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup qualifiers, where 11 teams are competing for 3 spots at the FIFA World Cup.
Oman is perhaps the only Gulf nation to have bullfighting events organised in its territories. Al-Batena area is prominent for such events. Wide audiences turn up to see the events unfold. Omani bullfighting is however not a violent event. The origins of Bullfighting in Oman are unknown though many locals here believe it was brought to Oman by the Moors of Spanish origin. Yet others say it has a direct connection with Portugal which colonized the Omani coastline for nearly 2 centuries.[46]
Gallery[link]
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Royal Opera House Oman.JPG
Royal Opera House-Muscat.
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Mumtaz Mahal Restaurant-Al Khuwair, Muscat.
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Corridor Next to Muscat Old Palace.
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Al Alam Palace, Muscat
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Al Khuwair – The two Khanjar's (left of image) mark the entrance to the Ministries Street which houses all the Ministries of Oman
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Al Khuwair – The Zawawi Mosque can be seen here
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Muscat Harbor – A traditional Omani Dhow lays anchored in the Muscat Harbor (World's largest natural harbor)
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Muscat Port – The Sultan's Yacht can be seen anchored at the Port.
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Mutrah Corniche
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Mutrah Corniche
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The Muscat Fort (Built by the Portuguese in the 16th century) overlooks the Muscat harbor, Mutrah and the Al Alam Palace
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Riyam Park – as seen in Amazing Race 9 – is very near to the Muscat Harbor
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The Mutrah Corniche was renovated to undo the destruction done by Cyclone Gonu
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Dust storms are rare in Muscat
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The Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque
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Muscat Clock Tower, MBD, Ruwi -The oldest Monument in Modern Oman
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Omani crowds watching their national football team hosting the Gulf of Nations Cup, which the team went on to win
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The Headquarters and Petroleum Refinery of PDO in Muscat
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A typical long beach with cliffs in the capital, Muscat
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Qantab Beach
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Qurum Beach – Crowne Plaza Muscat can be seen in the distance (on the cliff-top)
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Gates decorate routes throughout Muscat
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Muscat Boat Club
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The Headquarters of Omantel (Oman's Public Telecommunication Provider) can be seen in CBD, Ruwi (Tower like building)
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Torrential rains can last for days in Oman
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Ruwi – The Commercial hub of Muscat includes a marketplace – The Ruwi High Street
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Bullfighting in Oman
.jpg)
See also[link]
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- Outline of Oman
- Index of Oman-related articles
- List of cities in Oman
- Telecommunications in Oman
- Foreign relations of Oman
- Royal Oman Police
- Human rights in Oman
- 2011 Oman protests
- Transport in Oman
- Tourism in Oman
- Scouting and Guiding in Oman
- Theweek
- Cyclone Gonu
- Al Nuaim
- Muscat Daily
Notes[link]
- ^ In 1783, when Saiad Said succeeded to the "masnad" of Muscat and Oman (an independent state founded in 1749), he fell out with his brother Saiad Sultan, who fled to safety in Makran and entered into communication with Nasir Khan of Kalat. Saiad was granted the Kalat share of the revenues of Gwadar and lived there until 1797 when he achieved the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.
- ^ Gwadar remained an Omani possession as part of the sultanate until September 1958
References[link]
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- ^ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561099_7/Oman.html#s28 Fourth line down from the top of the history section: "In 751 Ibadi Muslims, a moderate branch of the Kharijites, established an imamate in Oman. Despite interruptions, the Ibadi imamate survived until the mid-20th century.". Archived 1 November 2009.
- ^ "2010 census – preliminary results". Sultanate of Oman – Ministry of National Economy. http://85.154.248.117/MONE2010/#view=viewCensusSummaryOmaniExpat&selectedWafers=0&selectedColumns=1,2,3&selectedRows=2,5,7,8,9. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Oman". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=59&pr.y=6&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=449&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2011". The United Nations. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdfl. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^ "PROFILE-Oman's Sultan Qaboos bin Said". Forexyard.com. 25 March 2011. http://www.forexyard.com/en/news/PROFILE-Omans-Sultan-Qaboos-bin-Said-2011-03-24T110027Z. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
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- ^ Cowasjee, Ardeshir (11). "DAWN – Cowasjee Corner; September 11, 2005". DAWN Group of Newspapers. http://www.dawn.com.pk/weekly/cowas/20050911.htm. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
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- ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/126283e6-fe4a-11e0-a1eb-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1cOp8kfSe
- ^ "Oman – Migration, Ethnic groups, Languages, Political parties, Local government, International cooperation, Forestry, Insurance". Nationsencyclopedia.com. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Oman.html. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mu.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. "Oman: A Unique Foreign Policy". RAND. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB2501/index1.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Cable Viewer". Wikileaks. http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2007/04/07MUSCAT359.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Cable Viewer". Wikileaks. http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2009/05/09MUSCAT433.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Cable Viewer". Wikileaks. http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/08/08MUSCAT565.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
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- ^ "United Arab Emirates". http://geosite.jankrogh.com/nahwa.htm.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Muscat, Oman". weather.com. The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/MUXX0003?from=36hr_bottomnav_business. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ "UNESCO World Heritage Center – Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary : first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List". Whc.unesco.org. http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/362. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ Governorates of Sultanate Of Oman
- ^ Seven new divisions created in Oman
- ^ Seven governorates, officials named
- ^ a b "Oman". World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mu.html. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
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- ^ "Oman: proven oil reserves". Indexmundi.com. http://www.indexmundi.com/oman/oil_proved_reserves.html. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "Oman: Energy data". EIA. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/Oman/Oil.html. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
- ^ "Oil – production". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mu.html. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ "Natural gas – proved reserves, production". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mu.html. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ Chemical & Engineering News, 5 January 2009, "U.S.-Oman pact expands Free Trade", p. 18
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- ^ "Arabia Tourism". http://oman.arabiatourism.co.uk/events/khareef-festival.
- ^ a b "Indian migrant workers in Oman speak to the WSWS". Wsws.org. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/oman-o28.shtml. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Antony meets Indian diaspora in Oman". Thaindian.com. 18 May 2010. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/antony-meets-indian-diaspora-in-omam_100365941.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ http://www.nfcoman.com/en/content.aspx?SecNo=42
- ^ 4th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Bern 2006. Meteorite accumulation surfaces in Oman: Main results of. Omani-Swiss meteorite search campaigns, 2001–2006. by Beda Hofmann et al.
- ^ CIA World Factbook: Life Expectancy ranks
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46. Meagher, John. "The Jebel Akhdar War Oman 1954-1959." Global Security. n. page. Web. 9 Apr. 2012.
48."Jebel Akhdar." Regiment. n.d. n. page. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://www.britains-smallwars.com/SAS/JebelAkhdar.html>.
External links[link]
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- Ministry of Tourism official government website
- Ministry of Information official government website
- Oman entry at The World Factbook
- Oman web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado–Boulder Libraries
- Oman at the Open Directory Project
- Wikimedia Atlas of Oman
- Oman travel guide from Wikitravel
- Key Development Forecasts for Oman from International Futures
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