Name | M101A1 105 mm Howitzer |
---|---|
Caption | Marines from 11th Marines, 1st Marine Division fire a 105mm M101A1 howitzer during the playing of taps at the Iwo Jima 60th Anniversary Commemorative on 26 March 2005 |
Origin | United States of America |
Type | Howitzer |
Is ranged | yes |
Is artillery | yes |
Used by | USA |
Wars | World War IIKorean WarFirst Indochina WarVietnam WarInsurgency in the Philippines |
Manufacturer | Rock Island Arsenal |
Production date | 1941-present |
Weight | |
Length | |
Part length | L/22 |
Width | |
Height | |
Cartridge | 105x372R |
Caliber | |
Velocity | |
Max range | |
Breech | horizontal block |
Recoil | hydropneumatic, constant, |
Carriage | split trail |
Elevation | -5° to +66° |
Traverse | 46° |
The 105 mm M2A1 (M101A1) howitzer was the standard light field howitzer for the United States in World War II, seeing action in both European and Pacific theaters. Entering production in 1941, it quickly entered the war against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Pacific, where it gained a reputation for its accuracy and powerful punch. The M101 fired 105 mm high explosive (HE) semi-fixed ammunition and had a range of , making it suitable for supporting infantry.
The Canadian Forces continued to use the M2A1 as the C1 Howitzer until 1997 when a modification was made to extend its service life. It is now designated the C3. Those improvements include a longer barrel, a muzzle brake, reinforced trails and the removal of shield flaps. It remains the standard light howitzer of Canadian Forces Reserve units. The C3 is used by Reserve units in Glacier National Park in British Columbia as a means of avalanche control. In addition, the M101 has found second usage in the U.S. as an avalanche control gun, supervised by the US Forest Service.
France and the State of Vietnam used it during the First Indochina War.
A number of M2/M101 howitzers were used by Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and approximately 50 were inherited by Croatia of which 4 are still in use for training with the Croatian army.
M2 Howitzers are still in service in the Australian Army Reserve, albeit in small numbers. They are gradually being replaced by L118 Light Gun and M198 Howitzers.
HEAT M67 Shell was originally designed as fixed round, with Cartridge Case M14 type II. It was later changed to semi-fixed type with the standard cartridge, but with non-adjustable propelling charge. For blank ammunition, a shorter Cartridge Case M15 with black powder charge was used.
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%" |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#996; color:#fff" | colspan="6" | Available ammunition |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996;" | width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Type | width="20%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Model | width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Weight, kg (round/projectile) | width="20%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Filler | width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Muzzle velocity, m/s | width="15%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Range, m |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HE | style="border:1px solid #996" | HE M1 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 19.08 / 14.97 | style="border:1px solid #996" | TNT or 50/50 amatol, 2.18 kg | style="border:1px solid #996" | 472 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 11,160 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HEAT-T | style="border:1px solid #996" | HEAT M67 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 16.71 / 13.25 | style="border:1px solid #996" | Pentolite, 1.33 kg | style="border:1px solid #996" | 381 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 7,854 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | HC BE M84 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 19.02 / 14.91 | style="border:1px solid #996" | Zinc chloride (HC) | style="border:1px solid #996" | 472 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 11,160 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke, colored | style="border:1px solid #996" | BE M84 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 17.86-18.04 / | style="border:1px solid #996" | Smoke mixture | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | WP M60 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 19.85 / 15.56 | style="border:1px solid #996" | White Phosphorus (WP), 1.84 kg | style="border:1px solid #996" | 472 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 11,110 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Smoke | style="border:1px solid #996" | FS M60 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 20.09 / | style="border:1px solid #996" | Sulfur trioxide in Chlorosulfonic acid, 2.09 kg | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Chemical | style="border:1px solid #996" | H M60 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | 19.43 / | style="border:1px solid #996" | Mustard gas, 1.44 kg | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Practice | style="border:1px solid #996" | Empty M1 Shell | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | 472 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 11,160 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Drill | style="border:1px solid #996" | Drill Cartridge M14 | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | - | style="border:1px solid #996" | - |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | Blank | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | | style="border:1px solid #996" | - | style="border:1px solid #996" | - |}
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:95%; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #996; line-height:1.5; font-size:95%;" |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#996; color:#fff" | colspan="5" | Armor penetration, mm |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996;" | width="44%" style="border:1px solid #996" | Ammunition \ Distance, m | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | 0 | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | 457 | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | 914 | width="14%" style="border:1px solid #996" | 1,828 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HEAT M67 Shell (meet angle 0°) | colspan="4" | 102 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996; background-color:#996; color:#fff" | colspan="5" | Concrete penetration, mm |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | style="border:1px solid #996; text-align:left" | HE M1 Shell (meet angle 0°) | style="border:1px solid #996" | 457 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 427 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 396 | style="border:1px solid #996" | 335 |- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;" | colspan="5" | Different methods of measurement were used in different countries / periods. Therefore, direct comparison is often impossible. |}
Category:105 mm artillery Category:World War II field artillery Category:Cold War field artillery Category:World War II artillery of the United States Category:Cold War artillery of the United States Category:Artillery of the United States Category:Weapons of Yugoslavia Category:Artillery of Australia in active service Category:Vietnam War artillery of Australia Category:Korean War artillery
bg:М101 (гаубица) de:M101 (Haubitze) es:M 101 fr:Howitzer 105 mm M2A1 id:M101 howitzer it:105 mm M101 ms:M101A1 ja:M101 105mm榴弾砲 pl:Haubica M101 ru:105 mm Howitzer M101 zh:M101榴彈炮This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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