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A blacklist (or black list) is a list or register of entities who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition. As a verb, to blacklist can mean to deny someone work in a particular field, or to ostracize a person from a certain social circle. Conversely, a whitelist is a list or compilation identifying entities that are accepted, recognized, or privileged.

History[link]

According to the Henry Holt Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins the word "blacklist" originated with a list England's King Charles II made of fifty-eight judges and court officers who sentenced his father, Charles I, to death in 1649. When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, thirteen of these regicides were executed and twenty-five sentenced to life imprisonment, while others escaped.

They also point out that "white list" is not the opposite of a blacklist, but rather a list, often kept by unions, of people suitable for employment. Refers to the "white-list".

Employment context[link]

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Blacklisting can be formal or informal. In the employment setting, applicants who apply to numerous positions regardless of being qualified or not can soon be ignored during some or all subsequent applicant processes. This can be an informal choice made by one HR professional, or a shared formal response taken up by the entire office.

In the past, lists of union members have been shared or circulated between multiple organizations to prevent hiring of employees who have been critical of management or advocated on behalf of members of their profession. In Canada, CLAC operates such a blacklist.^{[citation needed]}

Political context[link]

The term blacklisting is generally used in a pejorative context, as it implies that someone has been prevented from having legitimate access due to the whims or judgments of another. For example, a person being served with a restraining order for having threatened another person would not be considered a case of blacklisting. However, somebody who is fired for exposing poor working conditions in a particular company, and is subsequently blocked from finding work in that industry, may be considered to have been blacklisted. Blacklisting can and has been accomplished informally and by consensus of authority figures, and does not necessarily require a physical list or overt written record.

Hollywood blacklist[link]

In American history, one of the most famous examples of blacklisting stemmed from an investigation launched in 1947 by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) into Communist influence on the motion picture industry. The first in the industry to be blacklisted, as a result of their refusal to provide evidence to HUAC, were a group known as the Hollywood Ten, most of them screenwriters, who had at one time or another been members of the American Communist Party. Today, the best known of the Hollywood Ten are the writers Ring Lardner, Jr. and Dalton Trumbo, who was barred from openly working in Hollywood for over a dozen years as a result of his defiance of HUAC. (He continued to work under pseudonyms and "fronts" until the revelation in 1960 that he had written the script for Spartacus.) Actor John Garfield was one of the more famous Hollywood performers to have been blacklisted by major American film studios as a direct result of HUAC investigations and hearings.

Blacklisting sometimes consisted of guilt by association, as in the case of radio actress Madeline Lee. Both Lee and her husband, actor Jack Gilford, were blacklisted after it was revealed that Lee had given a party in her house to raise funds for a group later labeled as a Communist front. Though there was no suspicion that she had ever been involved in any putatively "subversive" political causes (and though her real name was spelled differently), Lee became the target of thousands of protest phone calls to her network. Another actress, Camila Ashland, who appeared on the television show Danger, physically resembled Madeline Lee; though she had no political past, her network too became the target of protest phone calls. Madeline Pierce, a 20-year veteran of radio, who again had no political past, was also ultimately blacklisted.^{[citation needed]}

California Proposition 8 supporter blacklist[link]

Following the passage of California's Proposition 8, Proposition 8 opponents obtained donation lists of those who had supported the ballot measure by contributing to the "Yes on 8" campaign, published the list, organized an activism group, and began calling for boycotts of the places of work of the supporters^[1] to force the firing or resignation of employees. Chad Griffin, a political adviser to Hollywood executives and same-sex marriage supporter explained the intent of the campaign by saying, "Any individual who has held homophobic views and who has gone public by writing a check, you can expect to be publicly judged. Many can expect to pay a price for a long time to come."^[2] There has been controversy as to whether this is appropriate response to the passage of Proposition 8 on the part of those opposed to it.^[3]

Blacklisting of trade union members[link]

Trade union members in the United Kingdom have been blacklisted by employers using the services of the Economic League (UK)^{[citation needed]} which operated between 1918 and 1993, and The Consulting Association which took over this role until it was closed down in February 2009.^[4]

Blacklisting was used in Norway before the Second World War. Well-known blacklisted trade unionists include Thorolf Bugge.

Real estate appraisers[link]

On October 16, 2008, Capitol West Appraisers filed a class action lawsuit against Countrywide Financial Corp. (now owned by Bank of America) alleging Countrywide blacklisted appraisers who refused to appraise real estate at inflated prices.^[5]

In Capitol West v. Countrywide Financial Corp., Capitol West Appraisals alleges Countrywide pressured appraisers to set the value of a property at the selling price rather than setting the value based on an inspection of the property and comparable market prices in the area as required by appraisal standards. Misrepresenting the value of a property allowed Countrywide to lend more money to more buyers at higher risks with less collateral. Countrywide could then make more money off the loans by selling them on secondary markets as mortgage backed securities.

Appraisers who refused to misrepresent property values were put in a "do not use" or "Field Review List" data base, in essence a blacklist. When an appraisal was submitted by an appraiser on the "do not use" database it was flagged for "field review". A field review is a review of the original appraisal. All field reviews were conducted by Landsafe, a subsidiary of Counrtywide, who would consistently shoot holes in any appraisal from a blacklisted appraiser. Mortgage Brokers were then required to get a second appraisal from another appraiser. Since independent mortgage brokers did not want to pay for two appraisals and did not know which lender they would ultimately use, and since Countrywide was the biggest home mortgage lender in the U.S., brokers simply would not use anyone on the Field Review List.

As of Aug. 28, 2008, more than 2,000 names were on the Field Review List, Countrywide's blacklist, which it sends to mortgage brokers who hire appraisers across the United States.^[6]

Retail[link]

In the United States, a private agency known as The Retail Exchange blacklists those who make excessive returns to participating retailers.

Credit card merchants[link]

Companies which have a merchant account terminated, and their directors, are added to a list called TMF/MATCH. This results in an almost certain automatic denial of new merchant account applications by almost all US companies offering merchant accounts.

Computing[link]

Blacklist IRC

In computing, a blacklist is an access control system which denies entry to a specific list (or a defined range) of users, programs, or network addresses.

Medical context[link]

Blacklisting is multiple providers denying care to a certain patient or patients with a connotation of volition or willfulness. It is done in various ways for various reasons and is not new. In 1907 the Transvaal Medical Union in South Africa blacklisted patients if they could not pay cash in advance.^[7] That was a physical list kept by the community of physicians. A physical list is not necessary to blacklist patients, but there have been other efforts to do that. For instance, in the United States the web site^[8] was set up to blacklist any patient who had filed a suit against a physician. That effort was extended off shore to a website that encourages doctors to consider avoiding patients who are listed in their database.^[9] Those both are physical lists that blacklist patients who either have complained or sued their healthcare providers.

There are less formal and less visible blacklists as well. For instance, an organization called "Sufferers of Iatrogenic Neglect"^[10] knows of 40 cases where patients claim they have suffered on two counts: one, from the original human medical error, and two, because they complained about it and as a result got blacklisted. In West London, Rafat Saeed had difficulty finding a GP and says, “… it is very easy for a doctor to blacklist a patient through the Family Health Services Authority”.^[11] Angelique Omega wrote in her blog, "I was once told in a phone call by a Renown E.R. nurse, after she very quickly looked up my name in their computer, that I'd better not ever show my face there ever again. This was after I had filed complaints …"^[12]

One patient created a graph showing that every time his primary care physician knew about appointments he had with other physicians, those appointments did not result in diagnosis or treatment. All those physicians pretended to be helping, but eventually workers in one physician's office let him know that his primary care physician called them and told them not to diagnose or treat his injuries.^[13] They were protecting the physician who caused the injuries.

Data sharing also can cause patients to become blacklisted. Data sharing makes it easy to get labeled as a "problem patient" without anyone adding a name to a list. Repeat patients who are misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, or patients with chronic conditions or mental illness, can get labeled as "problem patients" in computer systems that hold the records of patients and can make it increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to get appointments for care. Such systems have no borders making this a global problem.^[14]

Even without data sharing, collegial loyalty, watching each other's backs, can be enough to result in the denial of care to certain patients. Consider the patient who has been injured by a healthcare provider. Patients with iatrogenic illnesses often cannot get a record made of their injuries and often cannot get treatment. Trudy Newman in her article "Deadly Medical Practices"^[15] described the cause as being physicians having a stronger allegiance to each other than to their patients. They are reluctant to acknowledge the existence of iatrogenic injuries by diagnosing or treating them. A patient with iatrogenic injuries can go from doctor to doctor to doctor without getting diagnosed or treated and never know why. Without a list or any communication between physicians, collegial loyalty by itself results in patients with certain kinds of problems being blacklisted.

However, the term blacklist does connote volition or willfulness. A new and unrecognized disease resulting in patients being unable to find treatment might not be considered blacklisting unless inclination or personal belief or the equivalent had to do with why treatment either was not found or was unreasonably difficult to find.

In the UK the term blacklisted also is used in the NHS to denote blacklisted medicines that are not allowed to be prescribed on NHS prescriptions.

See also[link]

Blacklisting in chat

• Banned Books
• Black Book (gaming)
• Media transparency
• Online chat
• Redlining

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• James J. Lorence. The Suppression of Salt of the Earth. How Hollywood, Big Labor, and Politicians Blacklisted a Movie in Cold War America. University of New Mexico Press: 1999. ISBN 0-8263-2027-9 (cloth) ISBN 0-8263-2028-7 (paper)

External links[link]

Look up blacklist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Patient Safety and Blacklisting
• Blacklisted Email or Domain

"Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" is the beginning of the second sentence of one of the most famous soliloquies in Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth. It takes place in the beginning of the 5th scene of Act 5, during the time when the English troops, led by Malcolm and Macduff, are approaching Macbeth's castle to besiege it. Macbeth, the protagonist and anti-hero of the play, is confident that he can withstand any siege from Malcolm's forces. He hears the cry of a woman, and reflects that there was a time when his hair would have stood on end if he had heard such a cry, but he is now so full of horrors and slaughterous thoughts that such a cry can no longer startle him.

Seyton then tells Macbeth of Lady Macbeth's death, and he delivers this soliloquy as his response to this news^[1]. He is soon after told of the apparent movement of Birnam Wood toward Dunsinane Castle (as the witches previously prophesied to him), which is actually Malcolm's forces having disguised themselves with tree branches so as to approach the castle unnoticed. This sets the scene for the final events of the play, and Macbeth's own death at the hands of Macduff.

Analysis[link]

The full text reads:

In Macbeth's final soliloquy, the audience sees Macbeth's final conclusion about life: that it is utterly devoid of any meaning, and that our days on this earth serve no purpose other than to lead us toward "dusty death." Life is a seemingly endless and depressing succession of days creeping along at a bleak and "petty pace." Our time on this earth is so insubstantial that it can only be compared to a shadow or an illusion; so unreal that it can only be compared to a bad actor that worries and struts while onstage. When the play is over his character disappears into nothingness, and has left nothing significant behind.

Macbeth's feelings toward Lady Macbeth in this soliloquy are not as clear as the main theme. There are many opinions regarding Macbeth's initial reaction when he hears that his wife is dead. Those who take the first line to mean "she would have died at sometime, either now or later" usually argue that it illustrates Macbeth's callous lack of concern for Lady Macbeth. However, it seems more likely that the line is a combination of meanings.

Macbeth said in Scene III of the same act that the battle will cheer him ever after or disseat him now. Up to this time he had expected to win the battle; he was ready to laugh the siege to scorn when interrupted by a woman's cry. His visionary thought may have pictured the victory as restoring him to the man he once was. He pauses on the word "hereafter" (there are two missing feet in the meter), and realizes that the time will never come now. Depressingly, he reflects that if it could have been, if he could have gone back, then there would have been time to consider that word, death, and to mourn properly. But now, since there there will be no victory, no going back, and that she is gone, the tomorrows creep on with their insignificantly slow pace to the very end of all time.

In popular culture[link]

The phrase appears as the title of a 'short story' by Kurt Vonnegut.

Lines 26-28 of this scene were used as inspiration in both William Faulkner's 1928 novel The Sound and the Fury and in Woody Allen's 2010 film You Will Meet A Tall Dark Stranger.

Clare Quilty makes a pun on this phrase in Part Two, Chapter 35 of Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, a novel which makes many references to other works of literature. "I have not much in the bank right now but I propose to borrow - you know, as the Bard said, with that cold in his head, to borrow and to borrow and to borrow".

Kirk Douglas' character Jonathan Shields plays this quote in the 1952 movie "The Bad and the Beautiful" from a recording of Georgia Lorrison's (Lana Turner's) dead actor father.

In the 30 Rock episode The Shower Priniciple, Mayor McCheese recites the soliloquy as part of a TGS sketch.

The phrase All Our Yesterdays has been used of the title of many works including an episode of the original Star Trek series.

This phrase "Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" is whispered in the beginning of Marilyn Manson's song "Overneath the Path Of Misery"

References[link]

External links[link]

• Soliloquy Translation
• Explanation of the scene

Michael Ironside
Michael Ironside at the 2004 London Film and Comic Con
Born	Frederick Reginald Ironside (1950-02-12) February 12, 1950 (age 62) Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Occupation	Actor, voice actor, film producer, screenwriter, film director, film editor, playwright
Years active	1977–present
Spouse	Karen Dimwiddie (1986-present)

Michael Ironside (born Frederick Reginald Ironside,^[1] February 12, 1950) is a Canadian actor. He has also worked as a voice actor, producer, film director, and screenwriter in movie and television series in various Canadian and American productions. He is best known for playing villains and "tough guy" heroes, though he has also portrayed sympathetic characters. Ironside is a method actor, who stays in character between takes.

Early life[link]

Ironside was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Robert Walter Ironside and Patricia June Passmore. His father was a street lighting technician,^[1] and his mother a homemaker.

Ironside attended the Ontario College of Art in Toronto and wrote a play at the age of 15, The Shelter, which won the first prize in a university contest.^[2] He also won the Senior writing award for Riverdale Collegiate Institute in 1967.

In a January 2010 interview,^[3] Ironside stated in response to a question about his many roles in science fiction movies that he has always been a big fan of science fiction and often received science fiction short story collections from his grandfather that he kept in a shoebox under his bed. He stated that his favourite science fiction novels are Dune by Frank Herbert and "anything involving adventure."

Career[link]

One of Ironside's first roles was a memorable turn as evil telepath Darryl Revok in Scanners (1981), an early film by David Cronenberg. He appeared as "Miler Crane" in The A-Team episode "Taxicab Wars" (1983). His breakthrough role was as cynical anti-hero Ham Tyler in the television miniseries V: The Final Battle (1984). He is also known for his roles in Top Gun (1986) as Naval Aviator Lieutenant Commander Rick 'Jester' Heatherly, Extreme Prejudice (1987) as Major Paul Hackett, and Total Recall (1990) as Richter (the murderous henchman of Ronny Cox's villain Cohaagen). Ironside played the villainous General Katana in the science fiction sequel Highlander II: The Quickening (1991) and, after a brief stint in ER's inaugural season, he was tapped to replace Roy Scheider as captain of the high-tech submarine seaQuest in the third season of seaQuest DSV as Captain Oliver Hudson. However, NBC cancelled the series after only thirteen episodes with Ironside as the star. In 1992, he starred as M. Emmet Walsh's brother in David Winning's thriller Killer Image. In 1997, Ironside was reunited with Total Recall director Paul Verhoeven for Starship Troopers. He also appeared in The Perfect Storm (2000) and The Machinist (2004). He also starred in the movie Chaindance as a small time crook, unable to make it on the outside, who was paired up with a handicapped man. Ironside recently starred as Resistance General Ashdown in Terminator Salvation, reunited with his co-star Christian Bale from The Machinist.

Ironside has also been recognized for his voice acting. He played iconic comic book villain Darkseid in Superman: The Animated Series and its sequel, Justice League to great accolade. In one episode of The New Batman Adventures, he played Batman in a Batman: The Dark Knight Returns sequence. Another part he also happened to play in the DC Comics universe was Lois Lane's father, General Sam Lane in three episodes of Smallville.

He has also worked in video games as the voice-talents of Tom Clancy's character Sam Fisher in the Splinter Cell games and is cast as the Global Defense Initiative's Lieutenant General Jack Granger in Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars. Ironside signed a 5-year deal to portray Captain Jonas Trager in the SpaceWorks Television science fiction series, Ice Planet but the show was not produced.

In 2009, he starred in The Beacon under the direction of Michael Stokes.^[4]

In 2010, Ironside guest starred in Season 4, Episode 1 ("Friends and Enemies") of Burn Notice.^[5]

In 2011, Ironside appeared in the film: X-Men: First Class, playing the Captain of the 7th fleet.

In 2012, Ironside appeared in Justified playing a supporting role as a Detroit hitman.

Personal life[link]

Ironside is married to Karen Marls Dinwiddie. Ironside and Karen have two daughters: Adrienne Lynn Ironside (from Ironside's previous marriage) and Findlay Ironside (born 1998).

Filmography[link]

Actor[link]

• Outrageous! (1977) - Drunk
• For the Record (TV) (1978) - Policeman
• High-Ballin' (1978) - Butch
• Summer's Children (1979) - Pimp
• Stone Cold Dead (1979) - Murdered Police Detective
• The Littlest Hobo (TV) (1979) - Bill
• The Family Man (1979) - Bartender
• Clown White (1980) - Max
• Deadly Companion (1980) - Edgar
• Suzanne (1980) - Jimmy
• Coming Out Alive (1980) - Gateway
• Scanners (1981) - Darryl Revok
• Surfacing (1981) - Wayne
• Best Revenge (1982) - Dealer
• Visiting Hours (1982) - Colt Hawker
• American Nightmare (1983) - Sgt. Skylar
• Spacehunter: Adventures in the Forbidden Zone (1983) - Overdog
• The Sins of Dorian Gray (1983) - Alan Campbell
• The A-Team (TV) (1983) - Miler Crane
• Cross Country (1983) - Det. Sgt. Roersch
• Hill Street Blues (TV) (1983) - Schrader
• V: The Final Battle (TV) (1984) - Ham Tyler
• Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (TV) (1984) - Wade Bennett
• The Cap (1984)
• The Surrogate (1984) - George Kyber
• V: The Series (TV) (1984–1985) - Ham Tyler
• The Falcon and the Snowman (1985) - Lead FBI Agent
• Murder in Space (1985) - Captain Neil Braddock
• The Hitchhiker (TV) (1985) - Sheriff Lee
• Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling (1986) - Det. Lawrence
• Top Gun (1986) - Lt. Cmdr. Rick "Jester" Heatherly
• Race for the Bomb (TV) (1987) - Werner Heisenberg
• Alfred Hitchcock Presents (TV) (1987) - Lt. Rick Muldoon
• Extreme Prejudice (1987) ... Major Paul Hackett
• Ford: The Man and the Machine (1987) - Harry Bennett
• Nowhere to Hide (1987) - Ben
• Hello Mary Lou: Prom Night II (1987) - Principal Billy "Bill" Nordham
• Danger Bay (TV) (1987) - Charles Fuller
• The Ray Bradbury Theater (TV) (1988) - Acton
• Hostile Takeover (1988) - Larry Gaylord
• Watchers (1988) - Lem Johnson
• Murder by Night (1989) - Det. Carl Madsen
• Mindfield (1989) - Kellen O'Reilly
• Thunderground (1989)
• Chaindance (1990) - J.T. Blake
• Total Recall (1990) - Richter
• Tales from the Crypt (TV) (1990) - Jerry
• Highlander II: The Quickening (1991) - Gen. Katana
• Payback (1991) - Sheriff Pete
• McBain (1991) - Frank Bruce
• Guncrazy (1992) - Mr. Kincaid
• Neon City (1992) - Harry M. Stark
• Killer Image (1992) - Luther Kane
• Deadly Surveillance (1991) - Fender
• The Vagrant (1992) - Lt. Ralf Barfuss
• Cafe Romeo (1992) - Natino
• Black Ice (1992) - Quinn
• Marked for Murder (1993) - Bats O'Bannion
• Night Trap (1993) - Bishop
• Sweet Killing (1993) - Insp. Garcia
• Free Willy (1993) - Dial
• Father Hood (1993) - Jerry
• Point of Impact (aka Spanish Rose) (1993) - Roberto Largo
• The Killing Machine (aka The Killing Man) (1994) -Mr. Green
• Bolt (1994) - Billy Niles
• Tokyo Cowboy (1994) - Lyle
• Save Me (1994) - Oliver
• Fortunes of War (1994) - Carl Pimmler
• Dead Man's Revenge (1994) - Luck Hatcher
• Forced to Kill (1994) - Sheriff Wilson
• Red Scorpion 2 (1994) - Col. West
• The Next Karate Kid (1994) - Col. Dugan
• Red Sun Rising (1994) - Capt. Meisler
• Probable Cause (1994) - Gary Yanuck
• Singapore Sling: Road to Mandalay (1995) - Steiger
• Tales from the Crypt (TV) (1995) - Burrows
• Major Payne (1995) - Lt. Col. Stone
• The Glass Shield (1995) - Baker
• ER (TV) (1995, 1998, 2002) - Dr. William 'Wild Willy' Swift
• seaQuest 2032 (TV) (1995–1996) - Captain Oliver Hudson
• The Destiny of Marty Fine (1996) - Mr. Capelli
• Terminal (1996) - Sterling Rombauer
• Too Fast Too Young (1996) - Capt. Floyd Anderson
• Portraits of a Killer (1996) - Sgt. Ernie Hansen
• One Way Out (1996) - Walt
• Kids of the Round Table (1997) - Butch Scarsdale
• The Arrow (1997) - CIA Director
• F/X: The Series (TV) (1997) - Montree
• One of Our Own (1997) - Det. Jack Cooper
• Cold Night Into Dawn (1997) - Frank Parr
• Starship Troopers (1997) - Jean Razak
• Captive (1998) - Detective Briscoe
• Black Light (1998) - Insp. Frank Schumann
• Ivory Tower (1998) - Marshall Wallace
• Witness to Yesterday (TV) (1998) - Vladimir Lenin
• Voyage of Terror (1998) - McBride
• Death Row the Tournament (1998) - Judge
• Going to Kansas City (1998) - Mike Malone
• Johnny 2.0 (1998) - Frank Donahue
• Desert Blue (1998) - Agent Frank Bellows
• Chicago Cab (aka Hellcab) (1998) - Al
• The Arrangement (aka Blood Money) (1999) - Det. Francis John 'Jack' Connor
• Question of Privilege (1999) - Lt. Robert Ingram
• Southern Cross (1999) - Garrison Carver
• A Twist of Faith (1999) - Alex Hunt
• The Omega Code (1999) - Dominic
• Cold Squad (TV) (1999) - Chief Magnus Mulray
• The Outer Limits (TV, episode Summit) (1999) - Ambassador Prosser
• Cause of Death (2000) - Jonas Phifer
• The Perfect Storm (2000) - Bob Brown
• Borderline Normal (2000) - Coach Rehmer
• Crime and Punishment in Suburbia (2000) - Fred Skolnick
• Heavy Metal 2000 (2000) - Tyler (voice)
• Nuremberg (2000) - Col. Burton C. Andrus
• Walker, Texas Ranger (TV) (2000) - Nolan Pierce
• The Red Phone: Manhunt (2001) - Bremer
• Down (aka The Shaft) (2001) - Gunter Steinberg
• The Outer Limits (TV, episode Rule of Law) (2001) - General Quince
• Children of the Corn: Revelation (2001) - Priest
• Jett Jackson: The Movie (2001) - Dr. Kragg
• Ignition (2001) - Jake Russo
• Mindstorm (2001) - Senator Bill Armitage
• Dead Awake (2001) - Skay
• Extreme Honor (2001) - Baker
• The Last Chapter (TV) (2002) - Bob Durelle
• The District (TV) (2002) - Dmitri Putin
• Fallen Angels (2002) - Sheriff Ed Rooney
• Fairytales and Pornography (2002) - Justice Coulton
• The Last Chapter II: The War Continues (TV) (2003) - Bob Durelle
• Hemingway vs. Callaghan (2003) - Harry
• The Failures (2003) - Depressor
• The Red Phone: Checkmate (2003) - Bohr
• Maximum Velocity (2003) - General Amberson
• Andromeda (TV) (2003, 2004) - The Patriarch
• The Machinist (2004) - Miller
• Smallville (TV) (2004, 2010) - General Sam Lane
• Medical Investigation (TV) (2004) - Ben Graybridge
• Young Blades (TV) (2005) - Cardinal Mazarin
• Desperate Housewives (TV) (2005, 2006) - Curtis Monroe
• Reeker (2005) - Henry
• Bloodsuckers (aka Vampire Wars: Battle for the Universe) (2005) - Muco
• Guy X (2005) - Guy X
• Deepwater (2006) - Walnut
• 1st Bite (2006) ... Theo
• Disaster Zone: Volcano in New York (2006) - Levering
• Stargate SG-1 (TV) (2006) - Seevis
• Masters of Horror (TV, episode The V Word) (2006) - Mr. Chaney
• The Veteran (TV) (2006) - Mark 'Doc' Jordan
• Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars (VG) (2007) - Lieutenant General Jack Granger
• The Alphabet Killer (2008) - Captain Nathan Norcross
• Surveillance (2008) - Captain Billings
• Storm Cell (2008) - James
• Criminal Minds (TV) (2008) - John
• Mutants (2008) - Colonal Gauge
• Terminator Salvation (2009) - General Ashdown
• The Butcher (2009) - Teddy Carmichael
• Level 26: Dark Origins (2009) - Tom Riggins
• The Jazzman (2009) - Bernie
• Cold Case (TV) (2009) - Commandant Murillo
• Hardwired (2009) - Hal
• The Beacon (2009) - Officer Ned Hutton
• Eva (2009)
• Abduction of Jesse Bookman (2009) - Captain Jones
• The Bannen Way (2010) - Chief Bannen
• Castle (TV) (2010) - Victor Racine
• Beneath the Blue (2010) - Blaine
• Burn Notice (TV) (2010) - Gregory Hart
• Lake Placid 3 (2010) - Sheriff Tony Willinger
• X-Men: First Class (2011) - Captain of the 7th fleet
• Justified (TV) (2012) - Sarno
• Community (TV) (2012) - Colonel Archwood

Voice acting[link]

• in animated series
  • Superman: The Animated Series - as Darkseid
  • The New Batman Adventures - as The Dark Knight Returns Batman
  • Justice League / Justice League Unlimited - as Darkseid
  • Heavy Metal 2000 - as Tyler
  • Wolverine and the X-Men - as Colonel Moss

• in video games
  • Project I.G.I.: I'm Going In (2000) - as David Llewellyn Jones (screams)(uncredited)
  • Run Like Hell (2002) - as Cmdr. Mason
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell (video game) (2002) - as Sam Fisher
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow (2004) ...as Sam Fisher
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory (2005) - as Sam Fisher
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Essentials (2006) - as Sam Fisher
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent (2006) - as Sam Fisher
  • TimeShift (2006) - as Doctor Krone
  • Command and Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars (2007) - as Gen. Jack Granger
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction (2010) - as Sam Fisher
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Retribution (TBA) - as Sam Fisher

Director[link]

• The Arrangement (aka Blood Money) (1999)

Screenwriter[link]

• The Arrangement (aka Blood Money) (1999)
• Chaindance (1990)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Michael Ironside at the Internet Movie Database
• Michael Ironside at AllRovi
• Michael Ironside Interview at Sci-fi-online.com

MF DOOM
MF Doom at the Hultsfred Festival 2011 in Sweden
Background information
Also known as	DOOM, King Geedorah, Metal Face, Metal Fingers, Viktor Vaughn, Zev Love X, Madvillain
Born	(1971-01-09) January 9, 1971 (age 41) London, United Kingdom
Origin	Long Island, New York
Genres	East Coast hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, hip hop producer
Instruments	Vocals, sampler, synthesizer, drum machine, Pro Tools
Years active	1988–1993 1997–present
Labels	Elektra (1988–1993) Sub Verse (1997–2003) Fondle 'Em (1997–2001) Metal Face (1997–present) Big Dada (2003) Naturesounds (2003–present) Rhymesayers (2004) Stones Throw (2004–present) Lex (2005–present)
Associated acts	KMD, Madvillain, Danger Doom, Madlib, MF Grimm, Ghostface Killah, J Dilla, Count Bass D, Aesop Rock, Jneiro Jarel, Gorillaz, Masta Ace, De La Soul
Website	Official website

Daniel Dumile (pronounced /ˈduːmɨleɪ/ DOO-mə-lay; born January 9, 1971) is a hip hop artist who has taken on several stage names in his career, most notably MF Doom, often stylized as MF DOOM, where the "MF" stands for metal face, but metal fingers when using his producing name. He has appeared in several collaborative projects such as Danger Doom (with Danger Mouse) and Madvillain (with Madlib).

History[link]

Early years with KMD[link]

Dumile was born on January 9, 1971, in London, England, the son of a Trinidadian mother and Zimbabwean father.^[1] He then moved with his family to New York and was raised in the city of Long Beach, New York on Long Island.

As Zev Love X, he formed the group KMD in 1988 with his younger brother DJ Subroc and another MC called Rodan. When Rodan left the group, Zev found another MC to replace Rodan named Onyx the Birthstone Kid.^[1] A&R rep Dante Ross learned of KMD through the hip hop group 3rd Bass, and signed the group to Elektra Records.^[2]

Dumile and KMD's recorded debut came on 3rd Bass's song "The Gas Face" from The Cactus Album,^[1] followed in 1991 with KMD's album Mr. Hood, which became a minor hit through its singles "Peachfuzz", "Who Me?" and heavy video play on cable TV's Yo! MTV Raps and Rap City.

Subroc was struck and killed by a car in 1993 while attempting to cross the Long Island Expressway before the release of a second KMD album, titled Black Bastards.^[1] The group was subsequently dropped from Elektra Records that same week. Before the release of the album, it was shelved due to controversy over its cover art,^[2] which featured a cartoon of a stereotypical pickaninny or sambo character being hung from the gallows.

With the loss of his brother, Dumile retreated from the hip hop scene from 1994 to 1997. He testifies to disillusionment and depression, living "damn near homeless, walking the streets of Manhattan, sleeping on benches.^[1][3]" In the late 1990s, he left New York City and settled in Atlanta. According to interviews with Dumile, he was also "recovering from his wounds" and swearing revenge "against the industry that so badly deformed him."^[1] Black Bastards had become bootlegged at the time, leading to Doom's rise in the underground hip hop scene.

Birth of MF DOOM[link]

In 1997, Dumile began freestyling incognito at open-mic events at the Nuyorican Poets Café in Manhattan, obscuring his face by putting a stocking over his head. He meanwhile had taken on a new identity, MF Doom, patterned after and wearing a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics super-villain Doctor Doom, who is depicted rapping on the cover of the 1999 album Operation: Doomsday. He wears this mask while performing and isn't photographed without it, except for very short glimpses in videos such as Viktor Vaughn's "Mr. Clean", "?", and in earlier photos with KMD.^[1] MF Doom's mask has undergone at least one design revision since its adoption (it is now an altered version of the mask worn by the character Maximus Decimus Meridius in the film Gladiator).

Early career[link]

Dumile released three singles on "Bobbito" García's Fondle 'Em Records, "Dead Bent", and "Greenbacks" (1997), and "The M.I.C." (1998). In 1999 Fondle 'Em released MF Doom's first full-length LP, Operation: Doomsday, which included these singles and their b-sides, and additional tracks. Dumile had used the spelling variant "M.F. DOOM" for the singles releases, but thereafter changed this to "MF DOOM".

Among the collaborators on these tracks were fellow members of the Monsta Island Czars collective (The M.I.C.), for which each artist took on the persona of a monster from the Godzilla mythos. Dumile went by the alias "King Geedorah," a three-headed golden dragon space monster, modeled after King Ghidorah, the Toho movie monster who was a three-headed dragon that often battled Godzilla. Some of his appearances on the LP are as, and are credited to this persona, instead of that of MF Doom. Dumile would revisit this character later under various name-spellings.

Guest appearances, production, and instrumental work[link]

In the years intervening before his next full-length solo release, and continually since, Dumile has appeared on several tracks on other artists' LPs and remixes, contributed one-off tracks to compilations, and done various guest production work.^[4]

In 2002, he appeared on the Sound-Ink's Colapsus collection,on a very hard to find track titled "Monday Nite at Fluid" featuring Kurious with production by King Honey, who also produced some tracks for Dumile's album Vaudeville Villain. DOOM also made an appearance in "November Has Come", a track on Gorillaz's 2005 album Demon Days, which reached #6 on the Billboard 200.^[5]

Besides the Viktor Vaughn album Dumile produces all the instrumentation tracks for his solo releases with very few exceptions.^[4]

Beginning in 2001, under the "Metal Fingers" moniker, Dumile began releasing his Special Herbs instrumentals series. Many of these beats can be heard as the instrumentation tracks throughout his body of work. A separate website catalogs for which tracks each instrumental has been used.^[6]

Ongoing career[link]

In 2003, Dumile released the King Geedorah album Take Me to Your Leader. Geedorah is credited as producer, but only appears as an MC on four tracks. The majority of vocal tracks feature guest MCs, and the album features several instrumental montages of sampled vocals from old movies and TV shows—a technique employed on most of Dumile's albums. Both Venomous Villain and Take Me to Your Leader feature appearances by MF Doom.

Also in 2003, Dumile released the LP Vaudeville Villain under the moniker Viktor Vaughn (another play on Doctor Doom, whose "real name" is Victor von Doom). In 2004 he released a follow-up LP, Venomous Villain (also called VV2).

And, in 2004, the second MF Doom album MM.. Food was released by the Minnesota-based label Rhymesayers Entertainment.

Mainstream recognition[link]

DOOM's first commercial breakthrough came in 2004, with the album Madvillainy, created with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain. Released by Stones Throw Records, the album was a critical and commercial success. MF DOOM was seen by mainstream audiences for the first time as Madvillain received publicity and acclaim in publications such as Rolling Stone, The Washington Post, The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Spin. A video for "All Caps" and a four-date U.S. tour followed the release of Madvillainy. Additional videos for "Rhinestone Cowboy" and "Accordion", both directed by Andrew Gura, were released on the DVDs Stones Throw 101 and Stones Throw 102: In Living the True Gods, respectively.

MF Doom collaborated with Danger Mouse who together are known as DANGERDOOM.

Though still an independent artist, MF DOOM took a bigger step towards the mainstream in 2005 with The Mouse and the Mask, a collaboration with producer DJ Danger Mouse under the group name Danger Doom. The album, released on October 11, 2005 by Epitaph, was done in collaboration with Cartoon Network's Adult Swim and featured voice-actors and characters from its programs (mostly Aqua Teen Hunger Force). Danger Doom reached #41 on the Billboard 200.^[7] In 2006 DOOM hosted the Adult Swim Christmas special and he could be seen in between shows, usually talking about what was up next, and making jokes.

2006–2009[link]

MF Doom produced tracks for both of Ghostface Killah's 2006 albums Fishscale and More Fish, and the two are currently at work on a collaboration album titled Swift & Changeable. So far only track released from the album is "Angels", which appeared on a Nature Sounds compilation in late 2006, and later re-released in a different fashion on Doom's 2009 album Born Like This. Doom has also revealed plans for a second Madvillain album with producer Madlib, with one song, "Monkey Suite", first appearing on the Adult Swim/Stones Throw Records album Chrome Children, later it appeared on Madvillainy 2 - The Madlib Remix. Other potential projects mentioned by Doom include new albums from Danger Doom,^[8] KMD, as well as further albums under both his Viktor Vaughn and King Geedorah aliases. However, many such Doom projects have been rumored in recent years without materializing.

Despite no new Doom releases in 2006, Kidrobot and Stones Throw released an 8" tall Madvillain toy available to coincide with the release of the Chrome Children CD/DVD (hosted by Peanut Butter Wolf) which featured a DVD performance of Madvillain and several other Stones Throw artists. Doom also continued to work with Adult Swim doing voice-over work as Sherman the Giraffe on Perfect Hair Forever, being the voice for The Boondocks ads and previews and hosting their Christmas Eve 2006 programming.

In late January 2009, Lex records confirmed Doom's new album title to be Born Like This, and that the "MF" would be dropped from his name, now just "DOOM".^[9] The album was released worldwide on March 24, 2009.^[10] As a teaser, the track "Ballskin" was posted on Doom's Myspace page on January 13, 2009.^[11] Snippets of the entire album were made available for streaming on Doom's Myspace on the album's release date. The title for the album was inspired by the poem "Dinosauria, We" by poet and writer Charles Bukowski. Doom samples a performance of the poem by Bukowski on the track "Cellz". Previously, Doom used a Bukowski sample for a vocal interlude on 2004's "All Outta Ale.^[12] "Thom Yorke of Radiohead remixed the track "Gazillion Ear" which is available as an iTunes-only bonus track.^[13] June 26, 2009 Kurious released II which featured Doom on the song "Benetton".^[14]

2009-2012[link]

On May 26, 2010, the second single for the next Madvillain album "Paper Mill" was released through Adult Swim.^[15] Expektoration, a live Doom album, was released on September 14, 2010 through Gold Dust Media. In mid 2010, DOOM released the mix-tape "DOOM!", a collection of greatest hits, B-sides and rareties, including the theme for the video game Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars featuring Ghostface Killah, and Biochemical Equation, featuring the RZA.

On July 27, 2011 DOOM and Ghostface Killah released the track "Victory Laps" from their long awaited collaboration project Swift & Changeable on the Nature Sounds label.

DOOM was chosen by Portishead to perform at the ATP I'll Be Your Mirror festival that they curated in July 2011 at London's Alexandra Palace.^[16]

DOOM will be the guest curator for Chapter 48 of Frank151's quarterly magazine. Chapter 48 will be released Summer 2012 and will feature a candid interview with DOOM on a variety of topics.^[17]

In September DOOM will be performing live as part of Bestival 2012 on the Isle Of Wight.^[18]

Live show controversy[link]

Dumile has become infamous for allegedly sending imposters to perform on his behalf.^[19] Doom initially countered such accusations by claiming that he lost weight and thus looked - and sounded - different,^[20] before his road manager described the move as an intentional choice made by Dumile.^[21] For his 2011 UK tour, a promoter for the Glasgow show - fearing reduced attendance from a cautious public - guaranteed on Twitter that Dumile would be appearing in person.

Discography[link]

Solo[link]

• 1999: Operation: Doomsday
• 2003: Take Me to Your Leader (as King Geedorah)
• 2003: Vaudeville Villain (as Viktor Vaughn)
• 2004: Venomous Villain (as Viktor Vaughn)
• 2004: Mm.. Food
• 2009: Born Like This (as DOOM)

Compilation Albums[link]

• 2009: Unexpected Guests

Collaboration Albums[link]

• 1991: Mr. Hood (as Zev Love X with KMD)
• 2001: Black Bastards (as Zev Love X with KMD)
• 2003: Escape from Monsta Island! (as King Geedorah with Monsta Island Czars)
• 2004: Madvillainy (with Madlib as Madvillain)
• 2005: The Mouse and the Mask (with Danger Mouse as DANGERDOOM)
• 2006: Occult Hymn (with Danger Mouse as DANGERDOOM)
• 2012: Son of Yvonne (with Masta Ace as MA DOOM)
• 2012: Key to the Kuffs (with Jneiro Jarel as JJ DOOM) ^[22]
• TBA: Swift & Changeable (with Ghostface Killah as DOOMSTARKS)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Daniel Dumile

• MF Doom on Myspace
• Official website