Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry. As with all business it is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk; film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to equal anywhere between half or three times the production budget. Publicity is generally handled by the distributor and exhibitors.

Techniques[link]

In theaters[link]

• Trailers are a mainstay of film promotion, because they are delivered directly to movie-goers. They screen in theatres before movie showings. Generally they tell the story of the movie in a highly condensed fashion compressing maximum appeal into two and half minutes.

• Film posters

• Slideshows - stills, trivia, and trivia games from the film, shown between movie showtimes.

• Standees (freestanding paperboard life-size images of figures from the film)

• Cardboard 3D displays, sometimes producing sound^[1]

Television and radio[link]

• Hollywood movie distributors spend about $4 billion a year to buy paid advertising (30-second TV commercials, newspaper ads, etc.) and over half that total is placed on broadcast and cable TV, which are the main vehicles for advertising movies to audiences. TV is effective because it is an audio-visual medium – like film – and can deliver a vast audience quickly, which is crucial because films typically don’t linger in theaters more than 4–6 weeks, according to Marketing to Moviegoers: Second Edition.^{[citation needed]}

• Product placement: paid active or passive insertion (as on-set posters, and action figures) of film brand in drama or sitcom shows, or as passing mentions in dialogue. For example, 20th Century Fox commissioned an I, Robot-themed motorcycle, featured on two episodes (2:17, 2:18) of American Chopper.^[2] The film Memoirs of a Geisha was placed throughout an episode of the TV show Medium.^[3]

• Extended placement: full episodes of television talkshows (Oprah), entertainment news programs (ET), or network news programs (20/20), devoted to compensated exposure of the film, stars, clips, director, etc.
  • In addition, interviews with actors and directors which are filmed en masse at a hotel with local and national entertainment reporters which are featured on local news shows, programs on cable networks, and series such as Byron Allen's series of entertainment series like Entertainment Studios.

• Production and paid broadcast of behind-the-scenes documentary-style shows, the type of which are mainly produced for HBO, Showtime, and Starz
• Advance trailers, longer previews, or behind-the-scenes footage on rental videos and DVDs

Internet[link]

• Creation of standalone studio-sponsored per-film websites such as "example-the-movie.com".
• Viral marketing: free distribution of trailers on movie-oriented websites and video user-generated-content websites, and rapid dissemination of links to this content by email and blogs. Includes alleged leakage of supposed "rushes" and "early trailers" of film scenes.^[4] Sometimes, the efforts go further such in the lead to the successful premiere of the film, The Muppets which preceded by several original film shorts on YouTube over a number of years while the film was in production.
• Creation of Internet Marketing campaign using Paid Advertisement and Social Media Marketing
• Marketing through new online film market services such as Rightstrade and Mediapeers

Print[link]

• Paid advertisement in newspapers, magazines, and inserts in books.

• Cross-promotion of original book or novelization, including special printings, or new cover jackets ("Now a major motion picture.")

• Comic special editions or special episodes

Merchandising[link]

• Paid co-branding (Eragon in American Chopper-two episodes), or co-advertising (Aston Martin and James Bond films)^[5] of a product with the film
• Promotional giveaways: branded drink cups, toys, or food combinations at fast food chains

Promotional tour[link]

Film actors, directors, and producers appear for television, radio, and print media interviews, sometimes showing a clip from the film or an outtake. Interviews are conducted in person or remotely. During film production, these can take place on set. After film release, key personnel make appearances in major market cities or participate remotely via "satellite" or telephone.

Audience research[link]

There are seven distinct types of research conducted by film distributors in connection with domestic theatrical releases, according to "Marketing to Moviegoers: Second Edition." Such audience research can cost $1 million per film, especially when scores of TV advertisements are tested and re-tested. The bulk of research is done by major studios for the roughly 170 major releases they mount each year that are supported by tens of millions of advertising buys for each film. Independent film distributors, which typically spend less than $10 million in media buys per film, don’t have the budget or breadth of advertising materials to analyze, so they spend little or nothing on pre-release audience research. When audience research is conducted for domestic theatrical release, it involves these areas:

• Positioning studies versus other films that will premiere at the same time.
• Test screenings of finished or nearly finished films; this is the most well known.
• Testing of audience response to advertising materials.
• Tracking surveys of audience awareness of a film starting six weeks before premiere.
• Exit surveys questioning film goers about their demographic makeup and effectiveness of marketing.
• Title testing in an early stage.
• Concept testing that would occur in development phase of a film before it is produced.^[6]

Marketing can play a big role in whether or not a film gets the green light. Audience research is a strong factor in determining the ability of a film to sell in theaters, which is ultimately how films make their money. As part of a movie's Marketing strategy, audience research comes into account as producers create promotional materials. These promotional materials consistently change and evolve as a direct consequence of audience research up until the film opens in theaters.^[7]

See also[link]

• Film budgeting

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (February 2012)

• Movie Wars: How Hollywood and the Media Limit What Films We Can See, excerpt Chicago Reader. Jonathan Rosenbaum, 2002.
• Marketing to Moviegoers: Second Edition Academic/business book covers major studios and independents, 2009.

References[link]

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (March 2012)

Philip Kotler
Born	(1931-05-27) May 27, 1931 (age 81) Chicago, Illinois
Nationality	American
Occupation	Marketing Professor and Consultant
Signature

Philip Kotler (born 27 May 1931 in Chicago) is an American academic focused on marketing. The author of Marketing Management among dozens of other textbooks and books, he is the S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.^[1] The nine volume Legends in Marketing: Philip Kotler published in 2012 collects over 150 of his articles, with critical commentary.

Notes[link]

References[link]

"Guru" books that contain a complete chapter on Professor Kotler's contributions and accomplishments:

• Stuart Crainer (1998) The Ultimate Book of Business Gurus: 110 Thinkers Who Really Made a Difference (New York: AMACOM).

• Carol Kennedy (1998) Guide to the Management Gurus: Shortcuts to the Ideas of Leading Management Thinkers (London: Century Business).

• Marcia Layton Turner (2000) How to Think Like the World's Greatest Marketing Minds (New York: McGraw-Hill).

• Tom Brown, Stuart Crainer, Des Dearlove, and Jorge N. Rodrigues (2002) Business Minds (London: Financial Times/Prentice-Hall).

External links[link]

• Philip Kotler biography at Kellogg School of Management
• Kotler’s Business Educators Member Profile

Martin Fitzgerald Lawrence^[2] (born April 16, 1965) is an actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, and stand up comedian. He came to fame during the 1990s, establishing a Hollywood career as a leading actor, most notably the films Bad Boys, Blue Streak, and Big Momma's House. Lawrence has acted in numerous film roles and starred in his own television series, Martin, which ran from 1992 to 1997.

Early life[link]

Lawrence was born in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse in Germany on April 16, 1965, to American parents. He was given his first name after civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and his middle name after US President John F. Kennedy.^[2] His father, John Lawrence, served in the US Military.^[2] After his parents divorced when he was eight,^[3] Lawrence rarely saw his father, who worked as a police officer at the time.^[4] His mother, Chlora (née Bailey), began working several jobs to support her family.^[5][6] During his teen years, Lawrence excelled at boxing.^[2] He lived in Maryland, and attended Thomas G. Pullen School of Creative and Performing Arts (Landover, Maryland), Fairmont Heights High School (Fairmount Heights, Maryland), Eleanor Roosevelt High School,^[2] and also Friendly High School in Fort Washington, Maryland, becoming a Mid-Atlantic Golden Gloves boxing contender.

Career[link]

Lawrence moved to Denver and found his way to the legendary Kings Wood comedy club.^{[citation needed]} Shortly after appearing at the Wood, he won a performance spot on Star Search, a popular show in the United States.^[2] He did well on the show and made it to the final round before ultimately losing. However, executives at Columbia TriStar Television saw Martin's performance and offered him the role of "Maurice" on the television sitcom What's Happening Now!!; this was his first acting job.^[2] Upon cancellation of that show, Lawrence found bit parts in various films and television roles. His breakthrough role was as Cee in the Spike Lee film Do the Right Thing. Other roles followed in films such as the House Party series and the Eddie Murphy vehicle Boomerang. During this period, entertainment mogul Russell Simmons selected him to host the groundbreaking series Def Comedy Jam on HBO. Def Comedy Jam gave many comedians (including Chris Tucker, Dave Chappelle, Bernie Mac and Cedric the Entertainer) mainstream exposure.

During his stint with Def Comedy Jam, Lawrence appeared in his own hit series, Martin, which aired on Fox TV.^[2] The show ran from 1992 to 1997 and was an enormous success. Martin was the flagship of Fox's Thursday-night line-up, which drew millions of viewers away from NBC's "Must See TV" line-up. He hosted Saturday Night Live on February 19, 1994, where he made crude remarks about women's genitalia and personal hygiene; the monologue was completely edited out of NBC reruns and syndicated versions, and Lawrence was banned from the show for life. Martin's ratings continued to skyrocket so much that Fox became more of a contender against NBC and came closer to being considered among the top television networks.

Lawrence's Martin co-star, Tisha Campbell-Martin, filed a lawsuit against Lawrence and the show's producers for sexual harassment and verbal and physical assaults. HBO Studios settled the lawsuit so the show's final season could be completed. Campbell-Martin agreed to complete the season on the condition that she not appear in any scenes in the last two episodes with Lawrence.^{[7][citation needed]} No criminal charges were ever filed and the accusations were never brought to court.

After Martin ended its run, Lawrence found ample work in comedy films. He often starred as the second lead opposite actors including Eddie Murphy, Will Smith, and Tim Robbins.^[2] Many of his films were blockbusters at the box office, including Boomerang (1992), (also with him again in Life) Bad Boys (1995), Blue Streak (1999), Big Momma's House (2000) and Bad Boys 2 (2003). He also starred in critical and box office failures including Black Knight (2001) and National Security (2002). Regardless, his salary steadily increased to over $10 million per film role. He continues to work in film, with such films as Big Momma's House 2, which opened #1 at the North American box office and grossed almost $28 million its first weekend,^[8] and Wild Hogs (2007), in which he plays a bored suburbanite seeking adventure on the open road in a biker comedy alongside John Travolta, Tim Allen and William H. Macy.

In 2006, Lawrence appeared on Inside the Actors Studio, during which Lawrence briefly brought back to life some of the characters he'd portrayed on Martin.

In 2008, Lawrence starred in Disney's College Road Trip co-starring with Raven Symone. This particular film was his first G-rated film. Even though it was his first film to be G-rated, it is not his first time appearing in a children's film. as well as a voiceover role in Open Season (2006) opposite Ashton Kutcher.

At the 2009 BET Awards he appeared in a spoof movie trailer with Jamie Foxx for a fictional movie The Skank Robbers that featured, their respective television characters Sheneneh Jenkins and Ugly Wanda. in 2010, Fox announced that it was producing a film based on the sketch, featuring Foxx, Lawrence, and actress Halle Berry.^[9]

In 2010, it was announced that Lawrence would reprise his role as FBI agent Malcolm Turner in Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son, the third film in the Big Momma's House series, which was released in 2011.^[10]

Personal life[link]

Relationships and family[link]

Lawrence was engaged to actress Lark Voorhies in 1993. He married Patricia Southall, a former Miss Virginia USA, in 1995. Lawrence and Southall have one child together, daughter Jasmine Page (born January 15, 1996). They divorced in 1997.^{[citation needed]} Throughout the 2000s, Lawrence was in a relationship with Shamicka Gibbs. They married on July 10, 2010 at Lawrence's Beverly Hills home. Actors Eddie Murphy and Denzel Washington were among the 120 wedding guests;^[11] Shanice serenaded the couple by singing the Minnie Riperton classic "Lovin' You".^[12] Lawrence and Gibbs have two daughters: Iyanna Faith (born November 9, 2000) and Amara Trinity (born August 20, 2002).^[13] Lawrence filed for divorce from Gibbs on April 25, 2012, citing irreconcilable differences and asking for joint legal and physical custody of the children.^[14]

In addition to his Beverly Hills compound, Lawrence also owns a farm near Purcellville, Virginia.^[15][16]

Lawrence is the cousin of entertainer Christopher "Play" Martin.

Legal and health problems[link]

In July 1995, while on the set filming A Thin Line Between Love and Hate, Lawrence lashed out in a violent rage and was then hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.^[17]

On May 8, 1996, he became increasingly erratic and was arrested after he reportedly brandished a pistol and screamed at tourists on Ventura Boulevard in Los Angeles and was then hospitalized, with his PR stating "exhaustion and dehydration".^[2] On August 19, 1996, he was arrested at Burbank Airport for carrying a loaded gun in his suitcase. In March 1997, Lawrence was arrested again after punching a man in a Hollywood nightclub.^[2]

During August 1999, Lawrence slipped into a three-day coma after collapsing from heat exhaustion while jogging in 100-degree heat while wearing several layers of heavy clothing.^[2] He recovered in the hospital after nearly dying from a body temperature of 107 °F (41.7 °C), his breathing assisted by a respirator.

Television[link]

• What's Happening Now!! (cast member from 1987–1988) – Maurice
• A Little Bit Strange (1989) (unsold pilot)
• Hammer, Slammer, & Slade (1990) (unsold pilot)
• Private Times (1991) (unsold pilot)
• Martin (1992–1997) – Martin Payne
• Def Comedy Jam (host from 1992–1993)
• Love That Girl! (executive producer)

Filmography[link]

Albums[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

• Blockbuster Entertainment Award
  • nominated with Eddie Murphy for Favorite Comedy Team (2000) for the movie Life
  • nominated for Favorite Actor (2001) for the movie Big Momma's House
• NAACP Image Award
  • won Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (1995) for the series Martin
  • won Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (1996) for the series Martin
  • nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (1997) for the series Martin
• Kids' Choice Award
  • nominated for Favorite Television Actor (1995) for the series Martin
  • nominated for Favorite Television Actor (1996) for the series Martin
  • nominated for Favorite Movie Actor (2001) for the movie Big Momma's House
• MTV Movie Award
  • nominated with Will Smith for Best On-Screen Duo (1996) for the movie Bad Boys
  • nominated for the movie Big Momma's House
  • nominated with Will Smith for Best On-Screen Team (2003) for the movie Bad Boys II
• ShoWest – Male Star of Tomorrow (1995)
• Teen Choice Award – nominated for Wipeout Scene of the Summer (2000) for the movie Big Momma's House
• BET Comedy Award – won Icon Comedy Award (2005)

References[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Martin Lawrence

External links[link]

• Martin Lawrence at the Internet Movie Database
• Interview, 2005, BlackNews
• Interview, 7/03, BlackFilm
• Interview: January 25, 2006 on the Tavis Smiley show
• Martin Lawrence HBO Stand-Up Special Videos

Amber Heard
Heard at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival
Born	Amber Laura Heard (1986-04-22) April 22, 1986 (age 26) Austin, Texas
Occupation	Actress, model
Years active	2004–present
Website
www.amberheardofficial.com

Amber Laura Heard (born April 22, 1986) is an American actress and model. She played the lead and title character in All the Boys Love Mandy Lane, which debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2006. Heard's first starring role came in 2007 on the CW television show Hidden Palms. Her breakthrough came in 2008 with roles in Never Back Down and Pineapple Express. In 2009, Heard starred in The Stepfather and also had a small role in the horror-comedy Zombieland. She next starred in The Joneses and And Soon the Darkness (both 2010), John Carpenter's The Ward, alongside Nicolas Cage in Drive Angry, and alongside Johnny Depp in The Rum Diary.

Early life[link]

Heard was born and raised in Austin, Texas. Her father, David, is a contractor, and her mother, Paige (née Parsons), is an internet researcher for the state. She attended St. Michael's Catholic Academy in Austin until her junior year, when she left to pursue a career in Hollywood. As a teenager, Heard was active in her school's drama department and appeared in local commercials and campaigns. At the age of 16, her best friend died in a car crash and Heard, who was raised Catholic, subsequently declared herself an atheist.^[1] Dropping out of school at the age of 17, she went to New York to start a career in modeling, then relocated to Los Angeles to get into acting.

Career[link]

Once in Los Angeles, Heard made appearances in various TV shows and two music videos, Kenny Chesney's "There Goes My Life" and Eisley's "I Wasn't Prepared". She was cast as Liz in the pilot episode of The WB's Jack & Bobby (2004), as Riley in an episode of The Mountain (2004) and she had a brief cameo as a salesgirl in The O.C. (2005). Her first movie role was Maria in Friday Night Lights (2004). She next starred as Shay in Side FX (2005), an independent horror film, and had supporting roles in Drop Dead Sexy (2005), Price to Pay (2006) and You Are Here (2006). Heard had more prominent parts in Niki Caro's North Country (2005) and in Nick Cassavetes' Alpha Dog (2006). In 2006 she starred in an episode of Criminal Minds as Lila Archer, a love interest of Spencer Reid.

Heard at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival

Heard was next cast in the CW Network's Hidden Palms. On the show she portrayed Greta Matthews, who suffered the losses of both her mother and boyfriend, Eddie, and befriends Johnny, the anti-hero of the show. In order to get the part, Heard was asked to lose weight. It took her four months between the pilot and the second episode to lose 25 pounds, giving up alcohol, increasing her workouts and following a macrobiotic diet (no meat, dairy or processed sugar).^[1] Hidden Palms premiered in the US on May 30, 2007. Ultimately, The CW wrapped the summer series early; instead of the initial 12 episode arc, only eight were aired. The show ended on July 4, two weeks earlier than originally planned.

She was next cast in the title role in All the Boys Love Mandy Lane. The horror film premiered at the Toronto Film Festival in September 2006, immediately generating buzz and landing a deal with Harvey Weinstein. However, nearly a year after its Toronto debut, the movie had not reached theaters. In July 2007, Mandy Lane found a new distribution home and the film finally was released in 2008 with a February UK release and DVD release in June.

In 2007, Heard also appeared in the short movie Day 73 with Sarah and Jess Manafort's indie drama Remember the Daze (aka The Beautiful Ordinary), which premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival in June and opened in limited release in April 2008. She then appeared in the Judd Apatow-produced, Rogen and Goldberg-written comedy Pineapple Express and the martial arts drama Never Back Down, released in 2008, back-to-back. The latter opened in March and Heard played the role of the free-spirited Baja Miller who falls for Sean Faris' Jake Tyler.

Heard also made a brief appearance in Showtime's Californication and joined the ensemble cast of The Informers, based on Bret Easton Ellis' novel of the same title, set to be released in 2009. She also filmed the horror film The Stepfather and the comedy film Ex-Terminators back-to-back in 2008 while promoting Never Back Down, Mandy Lane and Remember the Daze.^[2]

In late 2008, she filmed The River Why and The Joneses; two independent features. At the beginning of 2009, The Informers made its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival. The reviews were mostly negative. Heard next appeared in Zombieland, playing a small role as the object of Jesse Eisenberg’s affection who turns into a zombie. She will subsequently appear in John Carpenter's The Ward. In March, Heard began filming The Rum Diary, opposite Johnny Depp, in Puerto Rico. Heard was reported to have won the role out over Scarlett Johansson and Keira Knightley. In 2010, she starred in and produced And Soon the Darkness, co-starring Odette Yustman and Karl Urban.^[3]

In the October 2009 issue of Teen Vogue, Amber describes her role as Johnny Depp's love interest in the film, The Rum Diary, as "the best experience of my life."^[4] In February 2010, Heard was cast in Drive Angry, a 3-D action thriller directed by Patrick Lussier and released in February 2011.^[5] In February 2011, she appeared on Top Gear in the UK. She talked about her love of guns and muscle cars, and revealed that she used to line-dance in Texas bars.

Personal life[link]

Heard came out in 2010, at GLAAD's 25th anniversary event.^[6] She is dating artist Tasya van Ree.^{[7][8][9][10]} She has said about her sexuality: "I don't label myself one way or another – I have had successful relationships with men and now a woman. I love who I love; it's the person that matters."^[11]

Heard grew up around guns, and owns a .357 Magnum.^[12] A fan of muscle cars, she drives a 1968 Ford Mustang.^[13] Heard has previously driven a 1967 Mercedes and a 1962 Checker Cab, as she revealed to Jeremy Clarkson during her Top Gear interview.

Filmography[link]

Heard in November 2011 in Paris at a premiere of The Rum Diary.

Television[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

Magazine rankings[link]

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} William Keck (2007-05-30). "Amber Heard will be heard". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2007-05-29-amber-heard_N.htm. 
2. ^ "A Hilarious Brief Chat with Amber Heard, Star of 'Stepfather' & 'Zombieland'". Bloody-disgusting.com. http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/17738. Retrieved 2012-02-06. 
3. ^ Amber Heard: In STEP With the Horror Genre
4. ^ Nussbaum, Danielle. "Young Hollywood 2009". teenvogue.com. http://www.teenvogue.com/industry/2009/08/younghollywood09#slide=5n. Retrieved 2009-10-11. 
5. ^ "William Fichtner and Amber Heard Ready to Drive Angry?". Dreadcentral.com. 2010-02-05. http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/35744/william-fichtner-and-amber-heard-ready-drive-angry. Retrieved 2012-02-06. 
6. ^ Zakarin, Jordan (2010-12-06). "Amber Heard Gay: Actress Comes Out As Lesbian". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/06/amber-heard-lesbian_n_792419.html. 
7. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Amber Heard talks about being out in Hollywood". http://www.afterellen.com/people/2010/12/amber-heard-talks-about-being-an-out-lesbian-in-hollywood. 
8. ^ Lee, Joyce (2010-12-06). "Amber Heard, "Pineapple Express" Actress, Comes Out as Lesbian". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20024703-10391698.html. 
9. ^ Belloni, Matthew. "Sexy Actress Amber Heard Wants to Be Seen As a Serious Actress.: Women". Details. http://www.details.com/celebrities-entertainment/women/200909/sexy-actress-amber-heard-wants-to-be-seen-as-a-serious-actress. Retrieved 2012-02-06. 
10. ^ "Autostraddle — Amber Heard is Gay: Everything You Need to Know About the Openly Lesbian Actress". Autostraddle.com. http://www.autostraddle.com/who-is-lesbian-amber-heard-68775/. Retrieved 2012-02-06. 
11. ^ "Amber Heard: I've dated men and now I'm in a relationship with a woman". Metro.co.uk. 2011-02-23. http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/856381-amber-heard-ive-dated-men-and-now-im-in-a-relationship-with-a-woman. Retrieved 2011-02-24. 
12. ^ Elaine Lipworth (2010-04-17). "Amber Heard: 'My baby is a .357 magnum'". London: www.dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1263981/Amber-Heard-My-baby-357-magnum.html. Retrieved 2011-02-27. 
13. ^ Stuart O'Connor (2011-02-25). "Drive Angry stars get revved up about the joys and perils of old technology". London: guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/feb/25/amber-heard-william-fichtner-drive-angry-iphone?INTCMP=SRCH. Retrieved 2011-02-27. 
14. ^ Amber Heard Revs Her Engines in Motor City
15. ^ Hodge, Chad T. (2011-10-10). "7 episodes including the pilot". Twitter. http://twitter.com/#!/chadthodge/status/123449757858402305.  Source confirmed to be Chad Hodge by NBC's official Twitter.
16. ^ Benanti, Laura (2011-10-10). "Only 7. There are 2 endings. One of which is more final.". Twitter. http://twitter.com/#!/laurabenanti/status/123359279620169728.  Source confirmed to be Laura Benanti by her official website <http://www.laurabenanti.com>.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amber Heard

• Official website
• Amber Heard at the Internet Movie Database

Brittany Snow
Snow at the 2009 Heart Truth fashion show
Born	Brittany Anne Snow (1986-03-09) March 9, 1986 (age 26) Tampa, Florida, United States
Occupation	Actress, Singer
Years active	1995–present

Brittany Anne Snow (born March 9, 1986) is an American television and film actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Meg Pryor in American Dreams, Daisy Lemay in Guiding Light, Kate Spencer in John Tucker Must Die, Naminé in the video game Kingdom Hearts II, Amber Von Tussle in Hairspray, Donna Keppel in Prom Night and Jenna Backstrom in the NBC legal drama Harry's Law.

Personal life[link]

Snow was born and grew up in Tampa, Florida. Her mother, Cindy Johannah (née Archer), works for Prentice Hall, and her father, John Thomas Snow, Sr., ran an insurance agency until retiring to organize Brittany's schedule.^[1] She has one half-brother, and a half-sister.^[2][3] Snow has spoken openly about her battles with eating disorders.^[4]

Career[link]

Snow began modeling at the age of three and a half in a print ad for Burdines.^[5] She was on CBS' Guiding Light for three years as troubled teen Susan/Daisy Lemay.^[6] She played Meg Pryor on NBC's American Dreams and neo-Nazi high school student Ariel Alderman on the third season of Nip/Tuck. In 2005, she appeared in The Pacifier with action star Vin Diesel.

In 2006, she was in the film John Tucker Must Die and voiced Naminé in the video game Kingdom Hearts II as well as Shizuku Tsukishima in the Studio Ghibli film Whisper of the Heart, along with Ashley Tisdale. She also portrayed a young woman afflicted with bipolar disorder in the season seven finale of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

She appeared in Hairspray, a film adaptation of the Broadway musical, playing Amber Von Tussle, the daughter of Michelle Pfeiffer's character. She had already worked with the director of Hairspray (Adam Shankman) on the Disney film The Pacifier. With her role in Hairspray, her musical side is shown in several numbers, including a solo entitled "The New Girl In Town", a song previously cut from the Broadway musical version. She played the lead role in Prom Night, which was released in April 2008. Snow appeared on the music video for "The Phrase That Pays" by The Academy Is... which was released July 2007.

Snow is set to play the lead, Alyssa, in the film adaptation of Clock Tower, to be released in 2012.^[7] She stars alongside Evan Ross in the cautionary thriller 96 Minutes.^[8]

In 2011, Snow appeared in the short lived CBS' romantic comedy Mad Love.^[9]

Snow recently appeared as a series regular in the first season of the legal drama Harry's Law as Jenna, which premiered on January 17, 2011, created by David E. Kelley. Snow returned as a recurring character in the series for season two.

Filmography[link]

Discography[link]

Soundtracks[link]

• 2007: Hairspray Soundtrack - July 10

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Brittany Snow

• Brittany Snow at the Internet Movie Database
• Brittany Snow on Twitter