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![The Wombats - 1996 [Track 07]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120915113527im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Bj75brLCTtg/0.jpg "The 7th track off their upcoming album \"This Modern Glitch\"")
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- Elizabeth II
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- Emil Constantinescu
- Endel Puusepp
- Eno Raud
- Eric Hebborn
- Eric Malpass
- Eric Wynalda
- Erik Wickberg
- Erma Bombeck
- Eva Cassidy
- Eva Hart
- Evelyn Laye
- F. W. de Klerk
- Fahd of Saudi Arabia
- Faron Young
- Farooq Leghari
- Fearless Nadia
- Felipe González
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- François Mitterrand
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- Garry Kasparov
- Gene Kelly
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- Geoffrey Wilkinson
- George Burns
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- Greer Garson
- Greg Morris
- Gustave Solomon
- Guy Madison
- Göran Kropp
- Hailee Steinfeld
- Haing S. Ngor
- Hans List
- Helmut Schon
- Herb Edelman
- Herk Harvey
- Herman Daly
- Hillevi Rombin
- Hong Kong
- Hosni Mubarak
- Howard Rollins
- Imam Alimsultanov
- Irving Caesar
- Jack Kemp
- Jacques Chirac
- James Mirrlees
- James R. Jordan, Sr.
- Jane Drew
- Jason Bernard
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- Jean-Bédel Bokassa
- Jeff Krosnoff
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- Jerry McCabe
- Jerry Rawlings
- Jerry Siegel
- Jessica Mitford
- Jo Van Fleet
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- Joe Klein
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- John Howard
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- John Young (actor)
- Jon Pertwee
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- Jonathan Melvoin
- Jorge Sampaio
- Joseph Brodsky
- José María Aznar
- José Ramos-Horta
- Juliet Prowse
- Julius Maada Bio
- Karl Targownik
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- Kevin Gilbert
- King Fahd
- Kishan Shrikanth
- Kodi Smit-McPhee
- Kofi Annan
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- Kusuo Kitamura
- Lamberto Dini
- Larry LaPrise
- Lash La Rue
- Laura La Plante
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- Max Manus
- McLean Stevenson
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- Minnie Pearl
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- Monty Python
- Morey Amsterdam
- Morton Gould
- Mother Teresa
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- Māori people
- Necmettin Erbakan
- Nevill Francis Mott
- Nicky Jones
- Nicolae Ceauşescu
- Nicu Ceauşescu
- Nnamdi Azikiwe
- Noah Munck
- Noah Ringer
- O. J. Simpson
- Obdulio Varela
- Odysseas Elytis
- Osama bin Laden
- Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
- Ottis Toole
- P. L. Travers
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- Pandro S. Berman
- Pat Brown
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- Paul Delph
- Paul Keating
- Paul Rand
- Pete Rozelle
- Peter C. Doherty
- Peter Glenville
- Peter Leeds
- Quentin Bell
- Raaj Kumar
- Radovan Karadžić
- Rafael Kubelík
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- Ray Combs
- René Clément
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- Richard Smalley
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- Romano Prodi
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- Sarah Balabagan
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- Sasha Pieterse
- Saul Bass
- Scott Brayton
- Scott Ritter
- Seymour H. Knox III
- Sichuan Province
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- Sir Harold Kroto
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- Tamara Toumanova
- Tansu Çiller
- Ted Bessell
- The Ramones
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- Tutsi
- Tyger Drew-Honey
- Tōru Takemitsu
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- Václav Havel
- Václav Klaus
- Whoopi Goldberg
- William T. Cahill
- William Vickrey
- Willie Rushton
- Wisława Szymborska
- Yahya Ayyash
- Yasser Arafat
- Yoweri Museveni
- Zinovi Gerdt
karaoke
anti choice
anti girl
I am the anti-flag unfurled
anti white and anti law
I got the anti-future plan
anti fascist
anti mod
I am the anti-music god
anti sober
anti whore
there will never be enough of anti more
I can't believe in the things
that don't believe in me
now it's your turn to see misanthropy
anti people now you've gone too far
here's your antichrist superstar
anti money
anti hate
anti things I fucked and ate
anti cop
anti fun
here is my anti-president gun
anti Satan
anti black
anti world is on my back
anti gay and anti dope
I am the faggot anti-pope
[bridge]
[chorus]
anti peace
anti life
anti husband, anti wife
anti song and anti me
I don't deserve a chance to be
[chorus]
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The Wombats - 1996 (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Published: 26 Sep 2011
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Watch the official video for 1996 by The Wombats Website: www.thewombats.co.uk Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/The_Wombats_1996_Official_Video
The Wombats - 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Published: 22 Apr 2011
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
7th song from brand new album This Modern Glitch released on 25th april 2011 I dont own this song.
http://wn.com/The_Wombats_1996
The Wombats - 1996 [Track 07]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Published: 23 Apr 2011
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
The 7th track off their upcoming album "This Modern Glitch"
http://wn.com/The_Wombats_1996_Track_07_
Marilyn Manson - "1996" [Live]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Published: 17 Sep 2006
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Marilyn Manson performing the song "1996" in Copps Coliseum, Hamilton, Canada on the 2nd of May 1997.
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Manson_1996_Live_
1996 Atlanta Opening Ceremonies - Lighting of the Cauldron
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:14
- Published: 12 Sep 2006
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
(12:17am) This is the entrance of the Olympic Flame into the Olympic Stadium and the Lighting of the Cauldron by Muhammad Ali hosted by Bob Costas & Dick Enberg to the music of Beetoven's "Ode to Joy". Athletes hand-off include: Al Oerter, Evander Holyfield, Voula Patoulidou, & Janet Evans. Others include Shaquille O'Neal & Michael Johnson. July 20th, 1996 Atlanta, Georgia USA I recommend viewing Janet Evans' video speech under her website on being a champion where she talks about this moment. www.janetevans.com Click on "Speaking" then "Video Preview" at lower right of page.
http://wn.com/1996_Atlanta_Opening_Ceremonies_Lighting_of_the_Cauldron
1996 Altanta Olympics - Kerri Strug's Gold Medal Vault
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Published: 30 Jul 2008
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Great moments in Olympic History. www.vancouvergamesforum.com
http://wn.com/1996_Altanta_Olympics_Kerri_Strug's_Gold_Medal_Vault
Phenomenon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 118:25
- Published: 23 May 2012
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
John Travolta, delivers another critically acclaimed performance in...Phenomenon. Travolta plays George Malley, an easy-going car mechanic who's hopelessly in love with a pretty newcomer in town (Kyra Sedgwick -- Something To Talk About)...a woman who wants nothing to do with relationships. Then on George's birthday, a mysterious force bestows on him special telekinetic powers and genius mental abilities. It's a phenomenon that will begin to alienate him from his lifelong friends... but it might just bring him closer to the woman he loves. Boasting a hit soundtrack and featuring the talents of Robert Duvall and Forest Whitaker, Phenomenon is an inspiring story of love, courage and friendship that will touch your heart. © 1996 Touchstone Pictures
http://wn.com/Phenomenon
Crash (1996) - Original Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Published: 16 Feb 2011
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Nothing but CULT! shocking, thought provoking, edgy - this is why films are being made. If you haven't watched it yet - get the DVD now. After getting into a serious car accident, a TV director discovers an underground sub-culture of scarred, omnisexual car-crash victims who use car accidents and the raw sexual energy they produce to try to rejuvenate his sex life with his wife. Released on 1996 Directed by: David Cronenberg Starring: James Spader, Holly Hunter, Elias Koteas, Deborah Kara Unger, Rosanna Arquette, Peter MacNeill
http://wn.com/Crash_1996_Original_Trailer
Isle of Man TT - IOM TT 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:32
- Published: 13 Jun 2011
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
Coverage of the 1996 Isle of Man TT Races, including the history of the TT, pre-event interviews, pre-tt classic races, Northwest 200 round up
http://wn.com/Isle_of_Man_TT_IOM_TT_1996
Phenomenon (1996) Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Published: 02 Sep 2010
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
John Travolta, Kyra Sedgwick, Forrest Whitaker, Robert Duvall
http://wn.com/Phenomenon_1996_Trailer
Bee Gees - Stayin' Alive 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Published: 06 May 2007
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
The Bee Gees perform Stayin' Alive live from 1996.
http://wn.com/Bee_Gees_Stayin'_Alive_1996
Romeo + Juliet (1996) trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Published: 12 Apr 2008
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
this is the trailer to Romeo + Juliet possibly one of the best movies ever. enjoy. I DO NOT OWN ANY OF THESE CLIPS, ALL CLIPS BELONG TO THEIR OWNERS
http://wn.com/Romeo_+_Juliet_1996_trailer
Seth Rogen 1996 Stand Up Comedy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:31
- Published: 15 Apr 2009
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
carefoot.ca Seth Rogen performs at the Comedy Gym in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Seth is 13 in this video. This is being uploaded on April 15th - Seth's birthday. The MC in the video is Damonde Tschritter.
http://wn.com/Seth_Rogen_1996_Stand_Up_Comedy
Marilyn Manson 13-1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Published: 11 Jul 2008
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Anti-Christ Superstar Marilyn Manson 1996
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Manson_13-1996
neneh cherry - woman (1996)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 26 Feb 2007
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
music video directed by jamie thraves
http://wn.com/neneh_cherry_woman_1996
The Smashing Pumpkins - Tonight, Tonight Live , MTV 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 08 Jun 2007
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Best Performance Ever!!! Please don´t comment somebody who hasn´t much apprehension about music...thanx Check also GLYNIS, an amazing unknown song by the Pumpkins... Band: Billy Corgan D´arcy Wretzky James Iha Matt Walker ( from Filter ) Jimmy Chamberlin was fired because he used heroin with Jonathan Melvoin, the Tour-Keyboarder. Jonathan died later... Jimmy came back in 1999
http://wn.com/The_Smashing_Pumpkins_Tonight,_Tonight_Live_,_MTV_1996
Michael Johnson 400m 1996 Olympics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Published: 06 Jun 2006
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Michael Johnson's 400m final at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The first half of his historic double.
http://wn.com/Michael_Johnson_400m_1996_Olympics
Ransom Trailer HQ (1996)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Published: 21 Mar 2009
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Director: Ron Howard Cast: Mel Gibson, Rene Russo, Brawley Nolte, Gary Sinise, Delroy Lindo, Lili Taylor, Liev Schreiber, Donnie Wahlberg, Evan Handler, Nancy Ticotin, Michael Gaston, Kevin Neil McCready, Paul Guilfoyle, Allen Bernstein Plot: When a rich man's son is kidnapped, he cooperates with the police at first but then tries a unique tactic against the criminals. Genre: Action / Crime
http://wn.com/Ransom_Trailer_HQ_1996
Alice in chains - Nutshell (Unplugged 1996)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Published: 17 Mar 2011
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Alice in chains ''Nutshell''. Album: Unplugged 1996 Label: Columbia Producer Alice in Chains, Alex Coletti, Toby Wright, Audrey Morrissey
http://wn.com/Alice_in_chains_Nutshell_Unplugged_1996
Alexander McQueen 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Published: 12 Feb 2010
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
The early genius of Alexander McQueen. www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Alexander_McQueen_1996
second family guy pilot from 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Published: 21 Mar 2007
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
the second family guy pilot from 1996..never piked up
http://wn.com/second_family_guy_pilot_from_1996
Madonna - Evita - 11/19 Don't Cry for Me Argentina (1996)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 03 Mar 2012
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
It won't be easy, you'll think it's strange When I try to explain how I feel That I still need your love after all that I've done You won't believe me All you will see is a girl you once knew Although she's dressed up to the nines At sixes and sevens with you I had to let it happen, I had to change Couldn't stay all my life down at heel Looking out of the window, staying out of the sun So I chose freedom Running around, trying everything new But nothing impressed me at all I never expected it to Don't cry for me Argentina The truth is I never left you All through my wild days My mad existence I kept my promise Don't keep your distance And as for fortune, and as for fame I never invited them in Though it seemed to the world they were all I desired They are illusions They're not the solutions they promised to be The answer was here all the time I love you and hope you love me Don't cry for me Argentina Don't cry for me Argentina The truth is I never left you All through my wild days My mad existence I kept my promise Don't keep your distance Have I said too much ? There's nothing more I can think of to say to you But all you have to do is look at me To know that ev'ry word is true
http://wn.com/Madonna_Evita_11_19_Don't_Cry_for_Me_Argentina_1996
AC/DC Thunderstruck Live from MADRID 1996 HQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 29 Oct 2008
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
NoBull 1. Back In Black 2. Shot Down In Flames 3. Thunderstruck 4. Girls Got Rhythm 5. Hard As A Rock 6. Shoot To Thrill 7. Boogie Man 8. Hail Caesar 9. Hells Bells 10. Dog Eat Dog 11. The Jack 12. Ballbreaker 13. Rock And Roll Aint Noise Pollution 14. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap 15. You Shook Me All Night Long 16. Whole Lotta Rosie 17. TNT 18. Let There Be Rock 19. Highway To Hell 20. For Those About To Rock (We Salute You)
http://wn.com/AC_DC_Thunderstruck_Live_from_MADRID_1996_HQ
Creative Commons / Atlantacitizen
Creative Commons / Atlantacitizen
Creative Commons / Hteink
Creative Commons / TakuyaMurata
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / Reinhard Jahn, Mannheim
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / John Sherwell
Creative Commons / WhisperToMe
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AP / Charles Miller
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AP / Kevork Djansezian, File
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Creative Commons / Omi Ts
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Creative Commons / Ruddred0
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Photo: PIB of India
15 Sep 2012
SHARE AND DISCUSS Tweet "In the 2020 Games (at a venue yet to be decided), we have set a target of 25 medals," Sports Minister Ajay Maken said. (TOI Photo) MUMBAI: After the country's best-ever haul...
Photo: US Navy / Scott Pittman
14 Sep 2012
Washington: One of the Americans who was killed in a recent attack on a US diplomatic mission in Libya, was working with the State Department on an intelligence mission to round up dangerous weapons...
Huffington Post
Kate Middleton may the most famous royal in the world (and today, certainly the most Googled). But this morning, when she stepped in front of the flashbulbs at Malaysia's Assyakirin Mosque, there was another princess on everyone's minds: Diana. The Duchess of Cambridge joined Prince William in Kuala...(size: 5.2Kb)
The Times of India
SHARE AND DISCUSS Tweet The biggest ace in Jayawardene's pack is undoubtedly Lasith Malinga. The 28-year-old slinger is the best bowler in T20 cricket. (AFP Photo) The hosts have not managed to corner glory in any of the World T20 meets so far. Be it South Africa (2007), England (2009) or the West...(size: 3.3Kb)
Ramapo judge disposes of case from 1996
14 Sep 2012
Lower Hudson Online
Cases in town and village courts can be...(size: 0.3Kb)
Poorest miss out on benefits, experience more material hardship, since 1996 welfare reform
13 Sep 2012
PhysOrg
The reforms radically changed cash assistance—what most Americans think of as 'welfare'— by imposing lifetime limits on the receipt of aid and requiring recipients to work. About the same time, major social policy reforms during the 1990s raised the benefits of work for low-income families. In the...(size: 4.2Kb)
Countdown to our 50th anniversary: 1996
13 Sep 2012
noodls
Countdown to our 50th anniversary: 1996 13 September 2012 While Göran Kropp climbed Mount Everest alone without oxygen, after having cycled there from Sweden, in 1996 the ASA strove to overcome all obstacles and exceed previous standards in advertising self-regulation. 1996 was a year when the...(size: 3.4Kb)
Poorest miss out on benefits, experience more material hardship since 1996 welfare reform
13 Sep 2012
noodls
(Source: University of Chicago) Although the federal government's 1996 reform of welfare brought some improvements for the nation's poor, it also may have made extremely poor Americans worse off, new research shows. The reforms radically changed cash assistance-what most Americans think of as...(size: 6.3Kb)
Tupac Timeline pt. III: The 1996 Killing
12 Sep 2012
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
| The Tupac Timeline: 1994’s shooting to 1996’s murder; who killed him and why The information presented in this piece is based on research collected from numerous news sources including an interview conducted with former LAPD detective and lead Biggie murder...(size: 20.8Kb)
See Bill Clinton's Sleek 1996 Campaign Website
10 Sep 2012
Yahoo Daily News
In 1996, presidential campaigns blasted off to the depths of cyberspace for the first time. Voters hoping to learn more about Bill Clinton and Bob Dole dialed up to the web, typed candidates' respective web addresses into a Netscape browser and waited -- and waited. [More from Mashable: Puppies:...(size: 8.4Kb)
See Bill Clinton’s Sleek 1996 Campaign Website
10 Sep 2012
Mashable
In 1996, presidential campaigns blasted off to the depths of cyberspace for the first time. Voters hoping to learn more about Bill Clinton and Bob Dole dialed up to the web, typed candidates’ respective web addresses into a Netscape browser and waited — and waited. When the pages finally...(size: 4.5Kb)
Eastern Idaho man appeals 1996 murder conviction
07 Sep 2012
San Francisco Chronicle
IDAHO FALLS, Idaho (AP) — A man convicted of murdering an Idaho Falls woman in 1996 is appealing his case, saying police and prosecutors failed to turn over critical evidence. John Thomas with the Bonneville County Public Defender's Office filed the petition Thursday on Christopher Tapp's...(size: 1.9Kb)
This article is about the year 1996. For the number, see 1996 (number). For other uses, see 1996 (disambiguation).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1960s 1970s 1980s – 1990s – 2000s 2010s 2020s |
| Years: | 1993 1994 1995 – 1996 – 1997 1998 1999 |
| 1996 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1996 MCMXCVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2749 |
| Armenian calendar | 1445 ԹՎ ՌՆԽԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6746 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 152–153 |
| Bengali calendar | 1403 |
| Berber calendar | 2946 |
| British Regnal year | 44 Eliz. 2 – 45 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2540 |
| Burmese calendar | 1358 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7504–7505 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙亥年十一月十一日 (4632/4692-11-11) — to —
丙子年十一月廿一日(4633/4693-11-21) |
| Coptic calendar | 1712–1713 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1988–1989 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5756–5757 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2052–2053 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1918–1919 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5097–5098 |
| Holocene calendar | 11996 |
| Iranian calendar | 1374–1375 |
| Islamic calendar | 1416–1417 |
| Japanese calendar | Heisei 8 (平成8年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4329 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 85 民國85年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2539 |
| Unix time | 820454400–852076799 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1996 |
1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year that started on a Monday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 1996th year of the Common Era or of Anno Domini; the 996th year of the 2nd millennium; the 96th year of the 20th century; and the 7th of the 1990s. The year 1996 was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty.
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – King Fahd of Saudi Arabia temporarily gives power to Crown Prince Abdullah, his legal successor, due to illness.[clarification needed]
- January 3 – Motorola introduces the Motorola StarTAC Wearable Cellular Telephone, the world's smallest and lightest mobile phone at that time.
- January 4 – Hosni Mubarak, the president of Egypt, appoints a new government in response to accusations of corruption in the parliamentary elections in late 1995.[clarification needed]
- January 5 – Hamas operative Yahya Ayyash is assassinated by an Israeli Shabak-planted, bomb-laden cell phone.
- January 7 – One of the worst blizzards in American history hits the eastern states, killing more than 150 people. Philadelphia, PA receives a record 30.7 inches (78 cm) of snowfall, New York City's public schools close for the first time in 18 years and the federal government in Washington, D.C. is closed for days.
- January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital Kinshasa, killing 350.
- January 9 – Art forger Eric Hebborn is assassinated in Rome, Italy.
- January 9–January 20 – Serious fighting breaks out between Russian soldiers and rebel fighters in Chechnya.
- January 11 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
- January 13 – Italy's prime minister, Lamberto Dini, resigns after the failure of all-party talks to confirm him. New talks are initiated by president Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to form a new government.
- January 14 – Jorge Sampaio is elected president of Portugal.
- January 16 – President of Sierra Leone Valentine Strasser is deposed by the chief of defence, Julius Maada Bio. Bio promises to restore power following elections scheduled for February.
- January 19
- The North Cape Oil Spill occurs as an engine fire forces the tugboat Scandia ashore on Moonstone Beach in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The North Cape Barge is pulled along with it and leaks 820,000 gallons of home heating oil.
- An Indonesian ferry sinks off the northern tip of Sumatra, drowning more than 100 people.
- January 20 – Yasser Arafat is re-elected president of the Palestinian Authority.
- January 22 – Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece, resigns due to health problems; a new government forms under Costas Simitis.
- January 24 – Polish Premier Józef Oleksy resigns amid charges that he spied for Moscow. He is replaced by Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz.
- January 26 – Whitewater scandal: U.S. First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton testifies before a grand jury.
- January 27 – Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane, in a military coup.
- January 29
- President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear testing.
- Fire destroys La Fenice, Venice's opera house.
- Imia-Kardak crisis: A Greek flag is hoisted on a small rocky island named Imia (Greek) / Kardak (Turkish).
- January 30 – Irish National Liberation Army leader Gino Gallagher is killed in an internal feud.
- January 30–February 5 – Sarah Balabagan is caned in the United Arab Emirates.
- January 31
February[link]
- February 4 – An earthquake near Lijiang in southwest China, measuring up to 7 on the Richter scale, kills at least 240 people, injures more than 14,000 and makes hundreds of thousands homeless.
- February 6 – Birgenair Flight 301, on an unauthorised charter flight from the Caribbean to Germany, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the Dominican Republic, killing all 189 passengers and crew.
- February 7 – René Préval succeeds Jean-Bertrand Aristide as president of Haiti, in the first peaceful handover of power since the nation achieved independence.
- February 8 – An IRA ceasefire ends with a half-tonne bomb in London's Canary Wharf District, killing 2 and causing over £85 million worth of damage.
- February 9 – The element Copernicium is discovered.
- February 10
- Chess computer "Deep Blue" defeats world chess champion Garry Kasparov for the first time.
- Bosnian Serbs break off contact with the Bosnian government and with representatives of Ifor, the NATO localised force, in reaction to the arrest of several Bosnian Serb war criminals.
- February 14 – Violent clashes erupt between Filipino soldiers and Vietnamese boat people, as the Philippines government attempts to forcibly repatriate hundreds of Vietnamese asylum seekers.
- February 15
- In south-west Wales, the oil tanker Sea Empress runs aground, spilling 73,000 tonnes of crude oil, killing many birds.
- The U.S. Embassy in Athens, Greece comes under mortar fire.
- A Long March 3 rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China crashes into a rural village after liftoff, killing as many as 50.[citation needed]
- Begum Khaleda Zia is reelected as prime minister of Bangladesh. The country's second democratic election is marred by low voter turnout, due to several boycotts and pre-election violence, which result in at least 13 deaths.
- The UK government publishes the Scott Report.
- February 17
- In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Garry Kasparov beats "Deep Blue" in a second chess match.
- In Irian Jaya, an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 and associated tidal waves kills 102 people and causes widespread devastation.
- February 18 – An IRA briefcase bomb in a bus kills the bomber and injures 9 in the West End of London.
- February 19 – A wooden ferry capsizes as it enters the port of Cádiz in the Philippines, killing 54 people.
- February 21 – King Fahd of Saudi Arabia announces his medical recovery in the national press and assumes power again from his brother, Crown Prince Abdullah.
- February 24 – Cuban fighter jets shoot down 2 American aircraft belonging to the Cuban exile group, Brothers to the Rescue. Cuban officials assert that they invaded Cuban airspace.
- February 25 – Two suicide bombs in Israel kill 25 and injure 80; Hamas claims responsibility.
- February 27 – Pokemon Green was released in Japan as the first game in the world famous Pokemon series.
- February 28 – Canadian singer Alanis Morissette wins the top honor, Album of the Year award, at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards. She is the youngest person to ever win this award, a record she held until 2010.
- February 29
- In Lumberton, North Carolina, Daniel Green is convicted of the murder of James Jordan, the father of basketball star Michael Jordan.
- Faucett Flight 251 in route from Lima to Rodriguez Ballon airport crashes into a mountain near Arequipa; all 123 people on board are killed.
- At least 81 people drown when a boat capsizes 120 kilometres east of Kampala, Uganda.
- The Bosnian government declares the end of the Siege of Sarajevo.
March[link]
- March 1 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraqi forces refuse UNSCOM inspection teams access to 5 sites designated for inspection. The teams enter the sites only after delays of up to 17 hours.
- March 2
- Ranabima Royal College is established in Sri Lanka.
- Australian federal election, 1996 is held. Labor's Paul Keating loses to Liberal leader John Howard
- March 3 – José María Aznar, leader of the Popular Party, is elected prime minister of Spain, replacing Felipe González.
- March 3–March 4 – Two more suicide bombs explode in Israel, killing 32. The Yahya Ayyash Units admit responsibility, and Palestinian president Yasser Arafat condemns the killings in a televised address. Israel warns of retaliation.
- March 6
- Mesut Yılmaz, of ANAP forms the new government of Turkey (53rd government)
- A boat carrying market traders capsizes outside Freetown harbour, in Sierra Leone, killing at least 86.
- Chechen rebels attack the Russian government headquarters in Grozny; 70 Russian soldiers and policemen and 130 Chechen fighters are killed.
- March 8 – The People's Republic of China begins surface-to-surface missile testing and military exercises off Taiwanese coastal areas. The United States government condemns the act as provocation, and the Taiwanese government warns of retaliation.
- March 9 – Jorge Sampaio is the new Portuguese president.
- March 11 – John Howard is sworn in as the new Prime Minister of Australia.
- March 13 – Dunblane massacre: Unemployed former shopkeeper Thomas Hamilton walks into the Dunblane Primary School in Scotland and opens fire, killing 16 infant school pupils and one teacher before fatally shooting himself.
- March 14 – An international peace summit is held in Egypt, in response to escalating terrorist attacks in the Middle East.
- March 16 – Robert Mugabe is reelected president of Zimbabwe, although only 32 percent of the electorate actually voted.
- March 17 – Sri Lanka wins the Cricket World Cup by storming to a famous victory against the tournament favourite Australia.
- March 18 – The Ozone Disco Club fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 163.
- March 20 – The British Government announces that Bovine spongiform encephalopathy has been likely transmitted to people.
- March 23 – The Republic of China or Taiwan holds its first direct elections for president; Lee Teng-hui is re-elected.
- March 24
- Islamists clash with security forces in Kashmir, killing 11.
- The devastating Marcopper mining disaster on the island of Marinduque, Philippines takes place.
- March 25
- An 81-day long standoff begins between antigovernment Freemen and federal officers in Jordan, Montana.
- The 68th Academy Awards, hosted by Whoopi Goldberg, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California with Braveheart winning Best Picture.
- March 26 – The International Monetary Fund approves a $10.2 billion loan to Russia for economic reform.
- March 28
- Fire breaks out at the Pasar Anyar shopping centre in Bogor, West Java. The first death toll estimate is 78 until rescuers notice that 68 of them are mannequins.
- Three British soldiers are found guilty of the manslaughter of Danish tour guide Louise Jensen in Cyprus. Allan Ford, Justin Fowler and Geoffrey Pernell receive life sentences for the September, 1994 rape/murder.
April[link]
- April 1
- The Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia is created.
- An overcrowded ferry sinks off the coast of Irois, Haiti, killing more than 200 people.
- April 3
- A Boeing 737 military jet crashes into a mountain north of Dubrovnik, Croatia. All 35 people on board die, including United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown (see 1996 Croatia USAF CT-43 crash).
- Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his Montana cabin.
- Massacres of Hutus by Tutsis in Burundi take place, with more than 450 killed in a few days.
- April 6
- Fighting breaks out in Monrovia, Liberia, between various rebel factions struggling for power in the country's interrupted civil war. Several foreign nationals leave the nation.
- Major League Soccer kicks off in front of an overflow crowd of 31,683 packed in Spartan Stadium, to witness the historic first game. San Jose Clash forward Eric Wynalda scores the league's first goal in a 1–0 victory over D.C. United.
- Turkish authorities begin Operation Hawk, an army offensive against rebels from the Kurdish Worker's Party in southeastern Turkey.
- April 9
- In a common statement, the European Union officially recognized the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- April 11 – The Israeli government launches Operation Grapes of Wrath, consisting of massive attacks on Lebanon, in retaliation for prior terrorist attacks, and sparking off a violent series of retaliations.
- April 18
- Qana Massacre: Over 100 Lebanese civilians are killed after Israel shells the UN compound in Qana.
- In reaction to the Qana Massacre, an Islamist group in Egypt open fire on a hotel, killing 18 Greek tourists and injuring 17 others.
- April 21 – A general election in Italy proclaims a new government headed by Romano Prodi and his Olive Tree coalition, replacing Silvio Berlusconi.
- April 24 – At the urging of Yasser Arafat, the Palestine Liberation Organization drops its clause calling for the removal of Israel. The Israeli government responds by dropping a similar clause concerning the existence of Palestine.
- April 26 – Regional security treaty signed by the “Shanghai Five”.
- April 28
- Port Arthur massacre: Martin Bryant kills 35 people at the Port Arthur, Tasmania tourist site, Australia.
- A bomb explodes in Bhaiperu, Pakistan, killing more than 60 people.
May[link]
- May – Iraq disarmament crisis: UNSCOM supervises the destruction of Al-Hakam, Iraq's main production facility of biological warfare agents.
- May 4 – A Sudanese Federal Airlines jet crashes on a domestic flight in a severe dust storm, while making an emergency landing 325 kilometres northeast of Khartoum, killing all 53 passengers and crew.
- May 8 – The Keck II telescope is dedicated in Hawaii.
- May 9
- South Africa's National Party pulls out of the 2-year-old coalition government, and the African National Congress assumes full political control.
- Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni wins a landslide victory in the country's first direct presidential elections, securing 75% of the vote.
- May 10
- 1996 Everest disaster: A sudden storm engulfs Mount Everest with several climbing teams high on the mountain, leaving 8 dead. By the end of the month, at least 4 other climbers die in the worst season of fatalities on the mountain to date.
- The Australian government introduces a nationwide ban on the private possession of both automatic and semi-automatic rifles, in response to the Port Arthur massacre.
- Vietnamese boat people in Hong Kong, facing forced repatriation due to their classification as economic migrants rather than refugees, stage a protest at the Whitehead Detention Centre.
- May 11 – After takeoff from Miami, Florida, a fire started by improperly handled oxygen canisters in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592, causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades, killing all 110 on board.
- May 13 – Severe thunderstorms and a tornado in Bangladesh kill 600.
- May 15 – Nine hostages held by the Free Papua Organization in Irian Jaya are rescued after an operation by the Indonesian military; 2 other hostages are later found dead.
- May 17–28 – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, is elected the new prime minister of India, replacing P. V. Narasimha Rao of the Indian National Congress. However, the party does not receive an overall majority and Vajpayee resigns 13 days later rather than face a no confidence vote, and is replaced by the United Front, led Deve Gowda.
- May 18 – The X Prize Foundation launches the $10 million Ansari X Prize, which is won in 2004, by Burt Rutan's SpaceShipOne.
- May 19 – Bosnian Serb President Radovan Karadžić resigns from public office after being indicted for war crimes.
- May 20 – Gay rights – Romer v. Evans: The Supreme Court of the United States rules against a law that prevents any city, town or county in the state of Colorado from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to protect the rights of homosexuals.
- May 21
- The MV Bukoba sinks in Tanzanian waters in Lake Victoria, killing nearly 1,000 in one of Africa's worst maritime disasters.
- The Trappist Martyrs of Atlas are executed.
- May 23
- Swede Göran Kropp reaches the Mount Everest summit alone without oxygen, after having bicycled there from Sweden.
- Members of the Armed Islamic Group in Algeria kill 7 French Trappist monks, after talks with French government concerning the imprisonment of several GIA sympathisers break down.
- May 27 – First Chechnya War: Russian President Boris Yeltsin meets with Chechnyan rebels for the first time and negotiates a cease-fire in the war.
- May 28 – Albania's general election of May 26 is declared unfair by international monitors, and the ruling Democratic Party under President Sali Berisha is charged by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe with rigging the elections. Several hundred protestors gather in Tirana to demonstrate against the election result.
- May 30
- The Likud Party, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, wins a narrow victory in the Israeli general election.
- The Hoover Institution releases an optimistic report that global warming will probably reduce mortality in the United States and provide Americans with valuable benefits.[1]
- May 31 – FIFA decides to give the FIFA World Cup 2002, the first World Cup in Asia, to Japan and South Korea, becoming the first World Cup with co-host countries in the history of the event.
June[link]
- June – Iraq disarmament crisis: As Iraq continues to refuse inspectors access to a number of sites, the U.S. fails in its attempt to build support for military action against Iraq in the UN Security Council.
- June 1–June 3 – The Czech Republic's first general election ends inconclusively. Prime Minister Václav Klaus and his incumbent Civic Democratic Party emerge as the winners, but are unable to form a majority government. President Václav Havel refuses to invite Klaus to form a coalition.
- June 4 – The space rocket Ariane 5 explodes 40 seconds after takeoff in French Guiana. The project costs European governments 7.5 billion US dollars over 11 years.
- June 6 – Leighton W. Smith, Jr. resigns as NATO commander in the face of increasing criticism.
- June 7 – An IRA gang kills Detective Garda Jerry McCabe during a botched armed robbery in Adare, County Limerick.
- June 8
- The 10th European Football Championship (UEFA Euro 96) begins in England.
- Steffi Graf defeats Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the longest ever women's final at the French Open, to win her 19th Grand Slam title.
- June 10 – Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without Sinn Féin.
- June 11
- June 12 – In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a panel of federal judges blocks a law against indecency on the internet. The panel says that the 1996 Communications Decency Act would infringe upon the free speech rights of adults.
- June 13 – An 81-day standoff between the Montana Freemen and FBI agents ends with their surrender in Montana.
- June 15 – In Manchester, UK, a massive IRA bomb injures over 200 people and devastates a large part of the city centre.
- June 19 – Boris Yeltsin emerges as the winner in Russia's first round of presidential elections.
- June 20 – Thousands of Megawati Sukarnoputri supporters clash with police in Jakarta.
- June 23
- The Nintendo 64 video game system is released in Japan.
- Archbishop Desmond Tutu is given an official farewell at his retirement service.
- June 25 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.
- June 26 – Journalist Veronica Guerin is shot and killed in her car just outside Dublin.
- June 28 – A new government is formed in Turkey, with Necmettin Erbakan of Refah Partisi becoming prime minister of the coalition government, and deputy and foreign minister Tansu Çiller of the True Path Party succeeding him after two years.
- June 29
- The Prince's Trust concert is held in Hyde Park, London, and is attended by 150,000 people. The Who headlines the event in their first performance since 1989.
- An explosion in a firecrackers factory in Sichuan Province, China kills at least 36 people and injures another 52.
- June 30
- Costas Simitis is elected President of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement of Greece.
- Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić reliquishes power to his deputy, Biljana Plavšić.
- Germany defeats the Czech Republic 2-1 after extra time in the final of the European Championships.
July[link]
- July
- Iraq disarmament crisis: U.N. Inspector Scott Ritter attempts to conduct surprise inspections on the Republican Guard facility at the airport, but is blocked by Iraqi officials.
- The Prague Manifesto declares the principles of the Esperanto movement.
- Confrontations occur in Northern Ireland between police and Orange Order protestors at Drumcree Church (see Drumcree conflict).
- July 1 – The Northern Territory in Australia legalises voluntary euthanasia.
- July 2 – Lyle and Erik Menendez are sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
- July 3 – Boris Yeltsin is reelected as President of Russia after the second round of elections.
- July 5 – Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, is born at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland.
- July 8 – Martina Hingis becomes the youngest person in history (age 15 years and 282 days) to win at Wimbledon in the Ladies' Doubles event.
- July 11 – Arrest warrants are issued for Bosnian Serb war criminals Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić by the Russell Tribunal in The Hague.
- July 12 – Hurricane Bertha: made landfall in North Carolina as a Category 2 storm, causing $270 million in damage to the United States and its possessions and many indirect deaths.
- July 13 – A Republican Sinn Féin bomb explodes outside of a hotel in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, disrupting a wedding reception and injuring 17 people.
- July 16 – An outbreak of E. coli food poisoning in Japan reaches 6,000 fatalities, after a group of school children who have eaten contaminated lunches die.
- July 17
- Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) constituted.
- Paris and Rome-bound TWA Flight 800 (Boeing 747) explodes off the coast of Long Island, New York, killing all 230 on board.
- Joe Klein admits that he is "Anonymous", the author of Primary Colors.
- July 18 – Howard Hughes is sentenced to life imprisonment at Chester Crown Court for the rape and murder of 7-year-old Sophie Hook at Llandudno 12 months previously. The trial judge recommends that Hughes, 31, should never be released.
- July 19
- An F3 tornado 5.5 miles (8.9 km) away from the Westminster, Maryland city center injures 3 people and causes $5 million in damages.[2]
- The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, begin.
- Radovan Karadžić steps down as president of the Serb enclave in Bosnia.
- July 21 – The Saguenay Flood, one of Canada's most costly natural disasters, is caused by flooding on the Saguenay River in Quebec.
- July 24 – The Dehiwala train bombing kills 56 commuters outside Colombo.
- July 25 – The Tutsi-led Burundian army performs a coup and reinstalls previous president Pierre Buyoya, ousting current president Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.
- July 27 – The Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics kills 1 and injures 111.
- July 29 – The child protection portion of the Communications Decency Act (1996) is struck down as too broad by a U.S. federal court.
August[link]
- August 1
- Sarah Balabagan returns to the Philippines.
- A pro-democracy demonstration supporting Megawati Sukarnoputri in Indonesia is broken up by riot police.
- August 4 – The 1996 Summer Olympics conclude.
- August 6
- NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.
- The Australian census is conducted.
- The American punk rock band The Ramones play their last show.
- August 7 – Heavy rains kill more than 80 campers near Huesca, Spain.
- August 9 – Boris Yeltsin is sworn in at the Kremlin for a second term as President of Russia.
- August 11 – The British rock band Oasis plays the biggest free-standing concert in UK history at Knebworth, Hertfordshire.
- August 13 – Data sent back by the Galileo space probe indicates there may be water on one of Jupiter's moons.
- August 14 – A rocket ignited during a fireworks display in Arequipa, Peru knocks down a high-tension power cable into a dense crowd, electrocuting 35 people.
- August 15 – Bob Dole is nominated for President of the United States, and Jack Kemp for Vice President, at the Republican National Convention in San Diego, California.
- August 16 – Brookfield Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. After a three year old boy falls into the 20-foot (6.1 m) deep gorilla enclosure, Binti Jua, a male silverback gorilla sits with the injured boy until his rescue. Video of the ape's actions make him world famous.
- August 16 – After having spent 378 days in Taliban prison, the crew of Russian Il-76TD managed to overpower their guards, board their aircraft and fly to freedom (see: 1995 Airstan incident).
- August 18 The San Jose Mercury News publishes Gary Webb's three-part series on the Reagan CIA's role in crack cocaine importation to fund the Contras.[3]
- August 20 – A thousands-large protest in Seoul, calling for reunification with North Korea, is broken up by riot police.
- August 21 – Former president of South Africa, F. W. de Klerk, makes an official policy for crimes committed under Apartheid to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Cape Town.
- August 23 – Osama bin Laden writes "The Declaration of Jihad on the Americans Occupying the Country of the Two Sacred Places," a call for the removal of American military forces from Saudi Arabia.
- August 26
- Chun Doo-hwan is sentenced to death, after being found guilty of mutiny and treason.
- Bill Clinton signs welfare reform into law.
- Iraqi expatriates seeking refuge hijack a Sudanese airliner en route from Khartoum to Amman.
- August 28 – Their Royal Highnesses, the Prince and Princess of Wales, are formally divorced at the High Court of Justice in London. Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales is restyled Diana, Princess of Wales.
- August 29
- U.S. President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore are renominated at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
- A Russian Tupolev 154 jetliner crashes into a mountain as it approaches the airport at Spitsbergen, Norway, killing all 141 people on board.
- August 30 – Attempted raising of a 15-tonne section of the RMS Titanic failed as 1,700 spectators, including survivors of the wreck watched.
- August 31
- Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraqi forces launch an offensive into the northern No-Fly Zone and capture Arbil.
- The Big 12 Conference is inaugurated with a football game between Kansas State University and Texas Tech University in Manhattan, Kansas.
September[link]
- September 2 – A permanent peace agreement is signed at the Malacañang Palace between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front.
- September 3 – The U.S. launches Operation Desert Strike against Iraq in reaction to the attack on Arbil.
- September 4 – The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia attack a military base in Guaviare, Colombia, starting 3 weeks of guerrilla warfare that will claim the lives of at least 130 Colombians.
- September 10 – Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) signed (it will be ratified 180 days after ratification by 44 Annex 2 countries).
- September 14 – Alija Izetbegović is elected president of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the country's first election since the Bosnian War.
- September 16 – Beast Wars first airs and becomes a milestone in the Transformers franchise through the use of CGI.
- September 18 – A North Korean Sang-O class submarine runs aground in South Korea. The crew are described as spies by the South Korean government and killed by the South Korean military.
- September 19 – The scoreboard at Buffalo's $127.5 million dollar HSBC Arena falls to the ice just hours before a National Hockey League game; no one is injured.
- September 20 – Leader of Pakistani opposition party Pakistan Peoples Party Murtaza Bhutto is killed during a gun battle with police.
- September 22 – The Panhellenic Socialist Movement under the leadership of Costas Simitis succeeds in the 1996 Greek legislative election.
- September 24 – U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.
- September 25 – The last of the Magdalene Asylums is closed in Ireland.
- September 27 – In Afghanistan, the Taliban capture the capital city of Kabul, after driving out President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former leader Mohammad Najibullah.
October[link]
- October 2
- The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
- The former prime minister of Bulgaria, Andrei Lukanov, is assassinated.
- An Aeroperú Boeing 757 crashes into the Pacific Ocean when the instruments fail just after takeoff from Lima Airport, killing all 70 on board.
- October 6 – The government of New Zealand agrees to pay $130 million dollars worth of compensation for the loss of land suffered by the Māori population between the years of 1844 and 1864.
- October 15 – Several large strikes begin in various industries across Belgium in protest to the dismissal of the magistrate Jean-Marc Connerotte by the Supreme Court.
- October 22 – A fire at La Planta prison in southwest Caracas, Venezuela, kills 30 prisoners.
- October 23 – The O. J. Simpson civil trial begins in Santa Monica, California.
- October 24 – The Marcopper Mine Disaster occurs dumping toxic copper tailings into the Boac River.
- October 30 – Fighting erupts when Banyamulenga Tutsis of Laurent Kabila in Zaire seize Uvira and proceed to kill Hutu refugees.
- October 31 – A Brazilian TAM Fokker airliner crashes into a densely populated area of São Paulo, killing 103.
November[link]
- November – Iraq disarmament crisis: UNSCOM inspectors uncover buried prohibited missile parts. Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM teams to remove remnants of missile engines for analysis outside of the country
- November 5
- U.S. presidential election, 1996: Democratic incumbent Bill Clinton defeats Republican challenger Bob Dole to win his second term.
- Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto's government is dismissed by President Farooq Leghari after widespread allegations of corruption.
- November 7
- A devastating category 4 Cyclone strikes Andhra Pradesh, India. The storm surge sweeps fishing villages out to sea, over 2,000 people die. 95 percent of the crops are completely destroyed.
- NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor.
- November 8 – All 141 people on board a Nigerian-owned Boeing 727 die when the aircraft crashes into the Atlantic Ocean while approaching Lagos airport.
- November 12 – Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 collides in mid-air with Kazakhstan Airlines Il-76 in New Delhi, India, resulting in the loss of 349 lives.
- November 15 – State Street in Chicago is re-opened to pedestrian traffic.
- November 16 – Mother Teresa receives honorary U.S. citizenship.
- November 17
- A bomb explosion in Kaspiysk, Russia, kills 32 people.
- Emil Constantinescu is elected president of Romania.
- November 18
- World-renowned bird expert Tony Silva is sentenced to 7 years in prison without parole, for leading an illegal parrot smuggling ring.
- Frederick Chiluba is reelected president of Zambia.
- November 19
- Martin Bryant is sentenced to 35 consecutive sentences of life imprisonment plus 1035 years without parole for murdering 35 people in a shooting spree in Tasmania earlier this year.
- Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Organization (CTBTO) established.
- STS-80: Space Shuttle Columbia conducts the longest mission of the Space Shuttle program.
- November 21
- A propane explosion at the Humberto Vidal shoe store and office building in San Juan, Puerto Rico kills 33.
- Demonstrators in Zagreb demand the survival of Radio 101.
- November 23
- The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization, as Angola.
- Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is hijacked, then crashes into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125.
- November 25
- An ice storm strikes the U.S., killing 26 directly, hundreds more from accidents. A powerful windstorm blasts Florida; winds gust to 90 mph.
- The U.S. stock market, especially the Dow Jones Industrial Average, gains at an incredibly fast pace following the 1996 Presidential election. It gains 10 days in a row during the month.
- The APEC Summit opens in the Philippines.
- November 26 – The Sands Hotel in Las Vegas is imploded to make way for the Venetian Hotel.
December[link]
- December 2
- U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments.
- Widespread student pro-democracy protests are broken up in Burma.
- December 5 – Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan gives a speech in which he suggests that "irrational exuberance" may have "unduly escalated asset values".
- December 9 – Jerry Rawlings is reelected president of Ghana.
- December 11 – Tung Chee Hwa is appointed to become the new leader of Hong Kong after it reverts to Chinese rule in 1997.
- December 12 – Uday Hussein is seriously injured in an assassination attempt.
- December 13 – Kofi Annan is elected by the United Nations Security Council the next Secretary-General of the United Nations.
- December 17 – The Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement takes 72 hostages in the Japanese Embassy in Lima, Peru.
- December 18 – The loi Carrez, or Carrez law governing property transactions was enacted in France[4]
- December 20
- HM The Queen advises "an early divorce" to Lady Diana Spencer and Charles, Prince of Wales. The divorce was finalized on 28 August 1996.
- Steve Jobs' company NeXT is bought by Apple Computer, the company co-founded by Jobs.
- December 26 – The largest strike in South Korean history begins.
- December 25 – JonBenét Ramsey, 6, is murdered in the basement of her parents' home in Boulder, Colorado.
- December 27 – Taliban forces retake the strategic Bagram Air Base, which solidifies their buffer zone around Kabul.
- December 29 – Guatemala and the leaders of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union sign a peace accord that ends a 36-year civil war.
- December 30
- In the Indian state of Assam, a passenger train is bombed by Bodo separatists, killing 26.
- Proposed budget cuts by Benjamin Netanyahu spark protests from 250,000 workers, who shut down services across Israel.
- December 31
- The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway is merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the BNSF Railway, making it one of the largest railroad mergers in U.S. history.
- The Hacienda in Las Vegas is imploded to make way for the Mandalay Bay.
Date unknown[link]
- The General Motors EV1, the first production electric car of the modern era is launched and becomes available for lease.
- The invasive species Asian long-horned beetle is found in New York.
Births[link]
- January 5 – Max Baldry, English/Russian actor
- January 6 – Kishan Shrikanth, Indian actor and director
- January 26 – Tyger Drew-Honey, English actor
- January 31 – Joel Courtney, American actor
- February 7 – Mai Hagiwara, Japanese singer
- February 9 – Jimmy Bennett, American actor
- February 17 – Sasha Pieterse, South African/American actress
- March 18 – Madeline Carroll, American actress
- March 26 – Kathryn Bernardo, Filipina actress
- April 14 – Abigail Breslin, American actress
- April 25 – Allisyn Ashley Arm, American actress
- May 3 – Noah Munck, American actor
- May 17 – Ryan Ochoa, American actor
- June 12 – Anna Margaret, American singer, songwriter and actress
- June 13 – Kodi Smit-McPhee, Australian actor
- July 16 – Nicky Jones, American actor
- August 1 – Cymphonique Miller, American actress and singer
- August 7 – Liam James, Canadian actor
- August 10 – Jacob Latimore, American R&B recording artist & actor
- September 1 – Zendaya, American actress & singer
- September 12 – Colin Ford, American teen actor and voice actor
- September 25 – Jake Pratt, English Actor and Comedian
- October 15 – Zelo, Korean singer (B.A.P)
- November 18 – Noah Ringer, American actor
- December 6 – Stefanie Scott, American actress
- December 11 – Hailee Steinfeld, American actress
- December 29 – Dylan Minnette, American actor
Deaths[link]
January[link]
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- January 1 – Arleigh Burke, U.S Navy Admiral and Chief of Naval Operations (b.1901)
- January 2 – Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (b. 1915)
- January 5
- Yahya Ayyash, Palestinian terrorist (b. 1966)
- Lincoln Kirstein, American writer and impressario (b. 1907)
- January 8 – François Mitterrand, President of France (b. 1916)
- January 9
- Fearless Nadia, Indian actress and stuntwoman (b. 1908)
- Sultan Rahi, Pakistani film actor (b. 1938)
- January 15
- Les Baxter, American musician and composer (b. 1922)
- Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (b. 1938)
- Amber Hagerman, American murder victim and namesake for the AMBER alert system (b. 1986)
- January 17 – Barbara Jordan, American politician (b. 1936)
- January 18
- Leonor Fini, Argentine artist (b. 1908)
- Endel Puusepp, Soviet Estonian World War II pilot (b. 1909)
- Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor (b. 1923)
- January 19 – Don Simpson, American film producer (b. 1943)
- January 20 – Gerry Mulligan, American musician (b. 1927)
- January 25 – Jonathan Larson, American composer and playwright (b. 1960)
- January 26 – Duke Georg Alexander of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1921)
- January 28
- Joseph Brodsky, Russian-born poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1940)
- Jerry Siegel, American cartoonist (b. 1914)
- January 31 – Gustave Solomon, American mathematician and engineer (b. 1930)
February[link]
- February 2 – Gene Kelly, American actor and dancer (b. 1912)
- February 3 – Audrey Meadows, American actress (b. 1926)
- February 6 – Guy Madison, American actor (b. 1922)
- February 7 – Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer (b. 1925)
- February 9 – Adolf Galland, German general and World War II fighter ace (b. 1912)
- February 11
- Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (b. 1946)
- Cyril Poole, English cricketer (b. 1921)
- Phil Regan, American actor (b. 1906)
- Amelia Rosselli, Italian poet (b. 1930)
- February 12 – Bob Shaw, Irish writer (b. 1931)
- February 13 – Martin Balsam, American actor (b. 1919)
- February 14
- Eva Hart, British survivor of RMS Titanic (b. 1905)
- Bob Paisley, English football manager (b. 1919)
- February 15
- Tommy Rettig, American actor (b. 1941)
- McLean Stevenson, American actor (b. 1929)
- February 16
- Pat Brown, Governor of California (b. 1905)
- Brownie McGhee, American musician (b. 1915)
- Roger Bowen, American actor (b. 1932)
- February 17 – Evelyn Laye, British actress (b. 1900)
- February 20 – Tōru Takemitsu, Japanese composer (b. 1930)
- February 21 – Morton Gould, American musician and composer (b. 1913)
- February 23 – Helmut Schon, German football player and manager (b. 1915)
- February 25 – Haing S. Ngor, Cambodian actor (b. 1940)
- February 26 – Mieczysław Weinberg, Polish composer (b. 1919)
- February 27
- Sarah Palfrey Cooke, American tennis champion (b. 1912)
- Pat Smythe, British showjumper and author (b. 1928)
March[link]
- March 2 – Lyle Talbot, American actor (b. 1902)
- March 3 – Marguerite Duras, French author and director (b. 1914)
- March 4 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian (b. 1912)
- March 9 – George Burns, American actor and singer (b. 1896)
- March 10 – Ross Hunter, American film producer (b. 1920)
- March 11 – Vince Edwards, American actor (b. 1928)
- March 13 – Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish film director (b. 1941)
- March 15 – Olga Rudge, American violinist (b. 1895)
- March 16 – Charlie Barnett, American actor (b. 1954)
- March 17 – René Clément, French film director (b. 1913)
- March 18 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
- March 19
- Virginia Henderson, American nurse theorist (b. 1897)
- Chen Jingrun, Chinese mathematician (b. 1933)
- March 25 – John Snagge, British radio personality (b. 1904)
- March 26
- Edmund Muskie, American politician (b. 1914)
- David Packard, American engineer (b. 1912)
- March 29 – Frank Daniel, Czech-born writer, director, producer, teacher (b. 1926)
- March 31 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce, American musician (b. 1958)
April[link]
- April 3
- Carl Stokes, American politician (b. 1927)
- Herk Harvey, American film director (b. 1924)
- April 4
- Barney Ewell, American athlete (b. 1918)
- Boone Guyton, American test pilot (b. 1913)
- Larry LaPrise, American songwriter (b. 1912)
- April 6
- John D. Bulkeley, U.S. Navy Vice Admiral, and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1911)
- Greer Garson, English actress (b. 1904)
- April 8
- George W. Jenkins, American businessman (b. 1907)
- Ben Johnson, American actor (b. 1918)
- April 16 – Leila Mackinlay, British writer (b. 1910)
- April 16 – Lucille Bremer, American actress (b. 1917)
- April 20 – Christopher Robin Milne, English author and bookseller (b. 1920)
- April 21 – Dzhokhar Dudayev, Chechen President (b. 1944)
- April 22 – Erma Bombeck, American humorist and writer (b. 1927)
- April 23 – P. L. Travers, Australian writer (b. 1899)
- April 25 – Saul Bass, American graphic designer (b. 1920)
- April 26 – Stirling Silliphant, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1918)
May[link]
- May 1 – Luana Patten, American actor (b. 1938)
- May 3 – Jack Weston, American actor (b. 1924)
- May 11
- Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of Nigeria (b. 1904)
- Rob Hall, New Zealand mountaineer (b. 1961)
- May 15 – Charles B. Fulton, American judge (b. 1910)
- May 17
- Kevin Gilbert, American musician, composer, and record producer (b. 1966)
- Scott Brayton, American race car driver (b. 1959)
- May 20 – Jon Pertwee, British actor (b. 1919)
- May 21
- Paul Delph, American musician and producer (b. 1957)
- Lash La Rue, American actor (b. 1917)
- May 22 – Seymour H. Knox III, hockey team owner (b. 1926)
- May 24
- Jacob Druckman, American composer (b. 1928)
- Joseph Mitchell, American writer (b. 1908)
- Enrique Álvarez Félix, Mexican actor (b. 1934)
- May 25 – Brad Nowell, American musician (b. 1968)
- May 29 – Tamara Toumanova, Russian dancer and actress (b. 1919)
- May 31 – Timothy Leary, American writer, psychologist, and advocate of psychedelic drug research and use (b. 1920)
June[link]
- June 2
- John Alton, American cinematographer (b. 1901)
- Ray Combs, American game show host, and comedian (b. 1956)
- Leon Garfield, English children's author (b. 1921)
- June 3 – Peter Glenville, English film director (b. 1913)
- June 5 – Vito Scotti, American character actor (b. 1918)
- June 6
- Kusuo Kitamura, Japanese Olympic swimmer (b. 1917)
- George Davis Snell, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1903)
- June 10
- Marie-Louise von Motesiczky, Austrian painter (b. 1906)
- Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1914)
- June 11 – Brigitte Helm, German actress (b. 1908)
- June 15 – Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (b. 1917)
- June 16 – Mel Allen, American sportscaster (b. 1913)
- June 19
- G. David Schine, American businessman (b. 1927)
- Hillevi Rombin, Miss Universe 1955 (b. 1933)
- June 23 – Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919)
- June 26 – Veronica Guerin, Irish journalist (b. 1958)
- June 27 – Albert R. Broccoli, American film producer (b. 1909)
July[link]
- July 1
- William T. Cahill, America politician (b. 1912)
- Margaux Hemingway, American fashion model and actress (b. 1955)
- July 3 – Raaj Kumar, Indian film actor (b. 1926)
- July 5 – Erik Wickberg, Salvation Army general (b. 1904)
- July 9 – Eno Raud, Estonian children's writer (b. 1928)
- July 12
- John Chancellor, American journalist (b. 1927)
- Jonathan Melvoin, American musician (b. 1961)
- July 13 – Pandro S. Berman, American film producer (b. 1905)
- July 14 – Jeff Krosnoff, American race car driver (b. 1964)
- July 15 – Dana Hill, American actress (b. 1964)
- July 16 – John Panozzo, American drummer (b. 1948)
- July 20 – František Plánička, Czech footballer (b. 1904)
- July 21 – Herb Edelman, American actor (b. 1933)
- July 22 – Jessica Mitford, Anglo-American writer (b. 1917)
- July 23 – Aliki Vougiouklaki, Greek actress (b. 1933)
- July 27 – Jane Drew, English architect (b. 1911)
- July 28 – Roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist and artist (b. 1908)
- July 29 – Jason Thirsk, American bass player (b. 1967)
- July 30 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (b. 1903)
August[link]
- August 1 – Tadeus Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1897)
- August 2 – Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1917)
- August 8 – Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- August 11
- Rafael Kubelík, Czech-born conductor (b. 1914)
- Vanga, Bulgarian prophet, mystic, clairvoyant and herbalist (b. 1911)
- August 12 – Viktor Hambardzumyan, Soviet Armenian scientist (b. 1908)
- August 13 – David Tudor, American pianist and composer (b. 1926)
- August 14 – Camilla Horn, German actress (b. 1903)
- August 20 – Rio Reiser, German rock musician and singer (b. 1950)
- August 27 – Greg Morris, American actor (b. 1933)
- August 31 – Blaine Johnson, American racecar driver (b. 1962)
September[link]
- September 1 – Vagn Holmboe, Danish composer (b. 1909)
- September 7 – Bibi Besch, Austrian-American actress (b. 1940)
- September 9 – Bill Monroe, American "father of bluegrass" music (b. 1911)
- September 10
- Joanne Dru, American actress (b. 1922)
- Hans List, Austrian inventor and automotive pioneer (b. 1896)
- September 13 – Tupac Shakur, American rapper and actor also known as "2Pac" (b. 1971)
- September 14 – Juliet Prowse, American dancer and actress (b. 1936)
- September 15 – Ottis Toole, American serial killer (b. 1947)
- September 16 – Gene Nelson, American dance and actor (b. 1920)
- September 17 – Spiro Agnew, American politician, 39th Vice President of the United States (b. 1918)
- September 18 – Annabella, French actress (b. 1907)
- September 20
- Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1911)
- Max Manus, Norwegian resistance fighter during World War II (b. 1914)
- September 21
- Henri Nouwen, Dutch Catholic priest and author (b. 1932)
- Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)
- September 22 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress (b. 1914)
- September 23 – Fujiko F. Fujio, Japanese cartoonist (b. 1933)
- September 26 – Nicu Ceauşescu, son of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauşescu (b. 1951)
- September 28 – Mohammad Najibullah, former President of Afghanistan (b. 1947)
- September 29 – Leslie Crowther, British TV comedian and game show host (b. 1933)
October[link]
- October 1 – Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member (b. 1956)
- October 4
- Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (b. 1913)
- Larry Gene Bell, American convicted felon (b. 1949)
- Masaki Kobayashi, Japanese film director (b. 1916)
- October 6 – Ted Bessell, American actor (b. 1935)
- October 8 – William Prince, American actor (b. 1913)
- October 12 – René Lacoste, French tennis champion (b. 1904)
- October 13 – Beryl Reid, British actress (b. 1919)
- October 14 – Laura La Plante, American actress (b. 1904)
- October 16
- Eric Malpass, English novelist (b. 1910)
- Jason Bernard, American actor (b. 1938)
- October 17 – Chris Acland, English musician (b. 1966)
- October 24
- Arthur Axmann, Nazi German Hitler Youth leader (b. 1913)
- Sorley MacLean, Scottish poet (b 1911)
- October 27 – Morey Amsterdam, American actor and comedian (b. 1908)
- October 30 – John Young, British actor (Monty Python) (b. 1916)
- October 31 – Marcel Carné, French film director (b. 1909)
November[link]
- November 1 – Junius Richard Jayewardene, former President of Sri Lanka (b. 1906)
- November 2 – Eva Cassidy, American vocalist (b. 1963)
- November 3
- Abdullah Çatlı, Turkish nationalist (b. 1956)
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa of Central African Republic/Empire (b. 1921)
- November 5 – Eddie Harris, American Jazz musician (b. 1934)
- November 10 – Imam Alimsultanov, Chechen bard (b. 1957)
- November 12 – Peter Leeds, American actor (b. 1917)
- November 14 – Virginia Cherrill, American actress (b. 1908)
- November 15 – Alger Hiss, American State Department official (b. 1904)
- November 18 – Zinovi Gerdt, Russian actor (b. 1916)
- November 21 – Abdus Salam, Pakistani physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)
- November 22 – María Casares, French-Spanish actress (b. 1922)
- November 26
- Mark Lenard, American actor (b. 1924)
- Paul Rand, American graphic designer (b. 1914)
- November 28 – Don McNeill, American tennis champion (b. 1918)
- November 30 – Tiny Tim, American musician (b. 1932)
December[link]
- December 3 – Babrak Karmal, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)
- December 6 – Pete Rozelle, American commissioner of the National Football League (b. 1926)
- December 8 – Howard Rollins, American actor (b. 1950)
- December 9
- Mary Leakey, British archaeologist (b. 1913)
- Diana Morgan, British playwright and screenwriter (b. 1908)
- December 10 – Faron Young, American singer (b. 1932)
- December 11 – Willie Rushton, English comedian, actor, and cartoonist (b. 1937)
- December 13 – Clarence Wijewardena, Sri Lankan musician (b. 1943)
- December 13 – Edward Blishen, English author (b. 1920)
- December 16 – Quentin Bell, English biographer and art historian (b. 1910)
- December 17 – Stanko Todorov, Bulgarian communist politician (b. 1920)
- December 18 – Irving Caesar, American lyricist (b. 1895)
- December 19 – Marcello Mastroianni, Italian actor (b. 1924)
- December 20 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer (b. 1934)
- December 21 – Margret Rey, American children's author and illustrator (b. 1906)
- December 25 – JonBenét Ramsey, child beauty queen and murder victim (b. 1990)
- December 29 – Mireille Hartuch, French singer (b. 1906)
- December 30 – Lew Ayres, American actor (b. 1908)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
- Chemistry – Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley
- Medicine – Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
- Literature – Wisława Szymborska
- Peace – Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta
- Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – James Mirrlees, William Vickrey
Right Livelihood Award[link]
- Herman Daly, The Committee of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia, Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad and George Vithoulkas
References[link]
- CNN - 1996 Year in Review - CNN
- San Jose Mercury News, "Dark Alliance" by Gary Webb. [1]
http://wn.com/1996
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Bee Gees | |
|---|---|
 The Bee Gees performing on Dutch television in 1968. From left to right: Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb |
|
| Background information | |
| Genres | Pop, pop rock, disco, blue-eyed soul, soft rock |
| Years active | 1958–2003 2009–2012 |
| Labels | RSO, Warner Bros., Festival, Polydor, Atco |
| Website | www.beegees.com |
| Past members | |
| Barry Gibb Robin Gibb Maurice Gibb Colin Petersen Vince Melouney Geoff Bridgford Alan Kendall Dennis Bryon Blue Weaver |
|
The Bee Gees were a musical group founded in 1958. The group's line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a pop act in the late 1960s/early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the late 1970s.
The group sang three-part tight harmonies that were instantly recognisable; Robin's clear vibrato lead was a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the late 1970s and 1980s. The brothers wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.
Born in the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived their first few years in Chorlton, Manchester, England, then moved in the late 1950s to Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia, where they began their musical careers.[1] After achieving their first chart success in Australia with "Spicks and Specks" (their 12th single), they returned to the United Kingdom in January 1967 where producer Robert Stigwood began promoting them to a worldwide audience.
It has been estimated that the Bee Gees' career record sales total more than 220 million,[2] ranking them among the best-selling music artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997;[3] the presenter of the award to "Britain's first family of harmony" was Brian Wilson, historical leader of the Beach Boys, a "family act" also featuring three harmonising brothers.[4] The Bee Gees' Hall of Fame citation says "Only Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees".[3]
Following Maurice's sudden death in January 2003, Barry and Robin Gibb retired the group's name after 45 years of activity. In 2009, however, Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again.[5] Robin died in May 2012 after a prolonged bout of cancer.[6]
Contents |
History[link]
Early years[link]
Barry Gibb (b. 1946) and fraternal twin brothers Robin (1949–2012) and Maurice Gibb (1949–2003) were born on the Isle of Man, but the family returned to father Hugh Gibb's home town of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, England where they went to Oswald Road Primary School, in the early 1950s where the boys began to sing in harmony. The story is told that they were going to lip sync to a record in the local Gaumont cinema (as other children had done on previous weeks) and as they were running to the theatre, the heavy 78-RPM record broke. The brothers had to sing live and received such a positive response from the audience that they decided to pursue a singing career.[7]
In 1958 the Gibb family, including infant brother, Andy (1958–1988), emigrated to Redcliffe in Queensland, Australia. The young brothers began performing where they could to raise pocket money. First called the Rattlesnakes, later Wee Johnny Hayes & the Bluecats, they were introduced to radio DJ Bill Gates by racetrack promoter Bill Goode (who saw them perform at Brisbane's Speedway Circuit). Gates renamed them the "Bee Gees" after his and Goode's initials – thus the name was not specifically a reference to "Brothers Gibb", despite popular belief.[8]
By 1960 the Bee Gees were featured on television shows. In the next few years they began working regularly at resorts on the Queensland coast. For his songwriting, Barry sparked the interest of Australian star Col Joye, who helped them get a record deal with Festival Records subsidiary, Leedon Records, in 1963 under the name "Bee Gees." The three released two or three singles a year, while Barry supplied additional songs to other Australian artists. From 1963 to 1966 the Gibb family lived at 171 Bunnerong Road, Maroubra in Sydney.[9]
A minor hit in 1965, "Wine and Women", led to the group's first LP The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs. By 1966 Festival was, however, on the verge of dropping them from the Leedon roster because of their perceived lack of commercial success. It was at this time that they met American-born songwriter, producer and entrepreneur, Nat Kipner, who had just been appointed A&R manager of a new independent label, Spin Records. Kipner briefly took over as the group's manager and successfully negotiated their transfer to Spin in exchange for Festival being granted the Australian distribution rights to the group's recordings.[citation needed]
Through Kipner the Bee Gees met engineer-producer, Ossie Byrne. He produced (or co-produced with Kipner) many of the earlier Spin recordings, most of which were cut at his own small self-built St Clair Studio in the Sydney suburb of Hurstville. Byrne gave the Gibb brothers virtually unlimited access to St Clair Studio over a period of several months in mid-1966. The group later acknowledged that this enabled them to greatly improve their skills as recording artists. During this productive time they recorded a large batch of original material—including the song that would become their first major hit, "Spicks and Specks" (on which Byrne played the trumpet coda) – as well as cover versions of current hits by overseas acts such as The Beatles. They regularly collaborated with other local musicians, including members of beat band Steve & The Board, led by Steve Kipner, Nat's teenage son.
Frustrated by their lack of success, the Gibbs decided to return to England in late 1966. Ossie Byrne travelled with them, and Colin Petersen, who eventually became the group's drummer, followed soon after. While at sea in January 1967, they learned that "Spicks and Specks" had been awarded Best Single of the Year by Go-Set, Australia's most popular and influential music newspaper.
Late 1960s: first international fame[link]
Before their departure from Australia to England, Hugh Gibb sent demos to Brian Epstein who managed The Beatles and was director of NEMS, a British music store and promoter. Brian Epstein had passed the demo tapes to Robert Stigwood, who had recently joined NEMS. After an audition with Stigwood in February 1967, the Bee Gees were signed to a five-year contract whereby Polydor Records would be their record label in the United Kingdom and ATCO Records would be the United States distributor. Work quickly began on the group's first international album, and Robert Stigwood launched a promotional campaign to coincide with its release.
Stigwood proclaimed that the Bee Gees were "The Most Significant New Talent Of 1967" and thus began the immediate comparison to The Beatles.[10] Their second British single (their first UK 45 rpm issued was "Spicks and Specks"), "New York Mining Disaster 1941", was issued to radio stations with a blank white label listing only the song title. Some DJs immediately assumed this was a new single by The Beatles and started playing the song in heavy rotation. This helped the song climb into the Top 20 in both the United Kingdom and the United States. No such chicanery was needed to boost the Bee Gees' second single, "To Love Somebody", into the US Top 20. Originally written for Otis Redding, "To Love Somebody" was a soulful ballad sung by Barry, which has since become a pop standard covered by hundreds of artists including Gram Parsons, Rod Stewart, Bonnie Tyler, Janis Joplin, The Animals, Nina Simone, Jimmy Somerville and Michael Bolton. Another single, "Holiday", was released in the United States, peaking at No. 16. The parent album, Bee Gees 1st (their first internationally), peaked at No. 7 in the United States and No. 8 in the United Kingdom.
Following the success of Bee Gees 1st, the band (which now consisted of Barry on rhythm guitar, Maurice on bass, Vince Melouney on lead guitar and Colin Petersen on drums),.[10] began work on the act's second album. Released in late 1967, Horizontal repeated the success of their first album, featuring the No. 1 UK single "Massachusetts" (a No. 11 US hit), and the No. 7 UK single "World". The sound of the album Horizontal had a more "rock" sound than their previous release, though ballads like "And The Sun Will Shine" and "Really And Sincerely" were also prominent. The Horizontal album reached No. 12 in the US, and No. 16 in the UK promoting the record, the Bee Gees made their first appearances in America, playing live concerts and television shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show and Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In. Two more singles followed in early 1968, the ballad "Words" (No. 15 US, No. 8 UK) and the double A-sided single "Jumbo" b/w "The Singer Sang His Song". "Jumbo" was the Bee Gees' least successful single to date only reaching No. 57 in the US, and No. 25 in the UK. The Bee Gees felt that "The Singer Sang His Song" was the stronger of the two sides, an opinion shared by listeners in the Netherlands, who made it a No. 3 hit. Further Bee Gees chart singles followed: "I've Gotta Get a Message to You" (No. 8 US, No. 1 UK) and "I Started A Joke" (No. 6 US), both culled from the band's third album Idea. Idea was another Top 20 album in the US (No. 17) and the UK (No. 4). Following the tour and TV special to promote the album, Vince Melouney left the group, feeling that he wanted to play more of a blues style music than the Gibbs were writing. Melouney did achieve one feat while with the Bee Gees—his composition "Such A Shame" (from Idea) is the only song on any Bee Gees album not written by a Gibb brother.
By 1969, the cracks began to show within the group. Robin began to feel that Stigwood had been favouring Barry as the frontman. Their next album, which was to have been a concept album called Masterpeace, evolved into the double-album Odessa. Most rock critics felt this was the best Bee Gees album of the '60s, with its progressive rock feel on the title track, the country-flavoured "Marley Purt Drive" and "Give Your Best", and signature ballads such as "Melody Fair" and "First of May"; the last of which became the only single from the album, and was a minor hit. Feeling that the flipside, "Lamplight" should have been the A-side, Robin quit the group in mid-1969 and launched a solo career. Robin Gibb saw brief success in Europe with the No. 2 hit "Saved By The Bell" and the album Robin's Reign. Barry and Maurice continued as the Bee Gees, even recruiting their sister Lesley to appear with them on stage.
The first of many Bee Gees compilations, Best of Bee Gees was released, featuring the non-LP single "Words" plus the Australian hit "Spicks and Specks" The CD release replaces "Spicks and Specks" with another non-LP single "Tomorrow Tomorrow", because Polydor could no longer secure the rights to the Australian track. "Tomorrow Tomorrow" was a moderate hit in the UK reaching No. 23, but stalled at No. 54 in the US. The compilation reached the Top Ten in both the US and the UK.
While Robin was off on his own, Barry, Maurice, and Colin continued on as the Bee Gees, recording their next album, Cucumber Castle. There was also a TV special filmed to accompany the album, which aired on the BBC in 1971. Colin Petersen played drums on the tracks recorded for the album, but was fired from the group after filming began and his parts were edited out of the final cut of the film. After Colin was fired, Australian drummer Geoff Bridgford was recruited to complete the recording of songs for Cucumber Castle. The leadoff single, "Don't Forget to Remember" was a big hit in the UK reaching No. 2, but a disappointment in the US, only reaching No. 73. The next 2 singles, "I.O.I.O." and "If I Only Had My Mind on Something Else" barely scraped the charts, and following the release of the album, Barry and Maurice parted ways. It seemed that the Bee Gees were finished. Barry recorded a solo album which never saw official release, though "I'll Kiss Your Memory" was released as a single, without much interest. Meanwhile, Maurice released the single "Railroad", and starred in the West End musical Sing A Rude Song.
Early 1970s[link]
File:Bee Gees' wordmark logo (1975-1981).gif
Bee Gees' wordmark logo (1975-1981)
The three brothers reunited in the later part of 1970 penning a series of songs about heartache and loneliness. During this period they became a four piece band joined again by Australian drummer Geoff Bridgford who after playing on the 2 Years On album and Trafalgar album became the last non-Gibb brother to be a member of the Bee Gees. Although they had lost traction on the British charts, the Bee Gees hit No. 3 in America with "Lonely Days" (from the reunion LP 2 Years On) and had their first US No. 1 with "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" (from Trafalgar). The trio's talents were included in the soundtrack for the 1971 film Melody as they performed several songs for the title. In 1972, they hit No. 16 in America with the single "My World" and "Run To Me" from the LP To Whom It May Concern; the latter also returned them to the British top ten for the first time in three years.
By 1973, however, the Bee Gees were in a rut. The album, Life in a Tin Can, released on RSO Records and its lead-off single, "Saw a New Morning," sold poorly with the single peaking at No. 94. This was followed by an unreleased album (known as A Kick in the Head Is Worth Eight in the Pants). A second compilation album, Best of Bee Gees, Volume 2 was released in 1973, though it did not repeat the success of Volume 1.
On the advice of Ahmet Ertegün, head of their US label Atlantic Records, Stigwood arranged for the group to record with famed soul music producer Arif Mardin. The resulting LP, Mr. Natural, included fewer ballads and foreshadowed the R&B direction of the rest of their career. But when it too failed to attract much interest, Mardin encouraged them to work with the soul music style.
The brothers attempted to assemble a live stage band that could replicate their studio sound. Lead guitarist Alan Kendall had come on board in 1971, but did not have much to do until Mr. Natural. For that album, they added drummer Dennis Bryon, and they later added ex-Strawbs keyboard player Blue Weaver, completing the late 1970s "Bee Gees band". Maurice, who had previously performed on piano, guitar, organ, mellotron, and bass guitar, as well as exotica like mandolin and Moog synthesiser, now confined himself to bass onstage.
At Eric Clapton's suggestion, the brothers relocated to Miami, Florida, early in 1975 to record. After starting off with ballads, they eventually heeded the urging of Mardin and Stigwood and crafted more rhythmic disco songs, including their second US No. 1, "Jive Talkin'", along with US No. 7 "Nights on Broadway." The band liked the resulting new sound, and this time the public agreed, sending the LP Main Course up the charts. This was their second album to have two US top-10 singles since 1968's Idea. Main Course also became their first charting R&B album. Mardin was unable to work with the group afterwards, but the Bee Gees enlisted Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson who had worked with Mardin during the Main Course sessions. This production team would carry the Bee Gees through the rest of the 1970s.
The next album, Children of the World, was drenched in Barry's newfound falsetto and Weaver's synthesiser disco licks. Led off by the single "You Should Be Dancing," it pushed the Bee Gees to a level of stardom they had not previously achieved in the US, though their new R&B/disco sound was not as popular with some die hard fans from the 1960s. The Bee Gees' band was now closer to a rock act, with rhythm guitar and real drums behind the falsetto.
[edit] Late 1970s: Saturday Night Fever
Following a successful live album, Here at Last... Bee Gees... Live, the Bee Gees agreed with Stigwood to participate in the creation of the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack. It would be the turning point of their career. The cultural impact of both the film and the soundtrack was seismic, not only in the United States, but in the rest of the world as well, bringing the nascent disco scene mainstream.
The band's involvement in the film did not begin until post-production. As John Travolta asserted, "The Bee Gees weren't even involved in the movie in the beginning ... I was dancing to Stevie Wonder and Boz Scaggs."[11] Producer Robert Stigwood commissioned the Bee Gees to create the songs for the film. The brothers wrote the songs "virtually in a single weekend" at France's Château d'Hérouville studio.[11] Barry Gibb remembered the reaction when Stigwood and music supervisor Bill Oakes arrived and listened to the demos:
| “ | They flipped out and said these will be great. We still had no concept of the movie, except some kind of rough script that they'd brought with them ... You've got to remember, we were fairly dead in the water at that point, 1975, somewhere in that zone–- the Bee Gees' sound was basically tired. We needed something new. We hadn't had a hit record in about three years. So we felt, Oh Jeez, that's it. That's our life span, like most groups in the late 60s. So, we had to find something. We didn't know what was going to happen.[11] | ” |
Bill Oakes, who supervised the soundtrack, asserts that Saturday Night Fever did not begin the disco craze; rather, it prolonged it: "Disco had run its course. These days, Fever is credited with kicking off the whole disco thing–-it really didn't. Truth is, it breathed new life into a genre that was actually dying."[11]
Three Bee Gees singles ("How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive", and "Night Fever") reached No. 1 in the United States and many countries around the world, launching the most popular period of the disco era. They also penned the song "If I Can't Have You" which became a No. 1 hit for Yvonne Elliman, while the Bee Gees' own version was the B-Side of "Stayin' Alive." Such was the popularity of Saturday Night Fever that two different versions of the song "More Than a Woman" received airplay, one by the Bee Gees, which was relegated to album track, and another by Tavares, which was the hit. The Gibb sound was inescapable. During an eight-month period beginning in the Christmas season of 1977, six songs written by the brothers held the No. 1 position on the US charts for 25 of 32 consecutive weeks—three of their own releases, two for brother Andy Gibb, and the Yvonne Elliman single.
Fueled by the movie's success, the soundtrack broke multiple industry records, becoming the highest-selling album in recording history to that point. With more than 40 million copies sold, Saturday Night Fever is among music's top five best selling soundtrack albums. It is currently calculated as the 4th highest-selling album worldwide.[12]
During this era, Barry and Robin also wrote "Emotion" for an old friend, Australian vocalist Samantha Sang, who made it a Top Ten hit (the Bee Gees sang backing vocals). Barry also wrote the title song to the movie version of the Broadway musical Grease for Frankie Valli to perform, which went to No. 1. During this period, the Bee Gees' younger brother Andy followed his older siblings into a music career, and enjoyed considerable success. Produced by Barry, Andy Gibb's first three singles all topped the US charts. In March 1978, the Bee Gees held the top 2 positions on the US Charts with "Night Fever" and "Stayin' Alive", the first time this had happened since The Beatles. On the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for 25 March 1978, five songs written by the Gibbs were in the US top ten at the same time: "Night Fever", "Stayin' Alive", "If I Can't Have You", "Emotion" and "Love is Thicker Than Water". Such chart dominance hadn't been seen since April 1964, when The Beatles had all five of the top five American singles. Barry Gibb became the only songwriter to have four consecutive number one hits in the US breaking the John Lennon and Paul McCartney 1964 record. These songs were "Stayin' Alive", "Love Is Thicker Than Water", "Night Fever", "If I Can't Have You".
The Bee Gees also co-starred with Peter Frampton in the movie Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978) loosely inspired by the classic 1967 album by The Beatles. The film had been heavily promoted prior to release, and was expected to enjoy great commercial success. However, the disjointed film was savaged by the movie critics, and ignored by the public. Though some of its tracks charted, the soundtrack too was a high-profile flop. The single "Oh! Darling", credited to Robin Gibb, reached No. 15 in the US. Previously, the Bee Gees had recorded three Beatles covers—"Golden Slumbers/Carry That Weight", "She Came in Through the Bathroom Window" and "Sun King" – for the transitory musical documentary All This and World War II.
The Bee Gees' follow-up to Saturday Night Fever was the Spirits Having Flown album. It yielded three more No. 1 hits: "Too Much Heaven", "Tragedy", and "Love You Inside Out." This gave the act six consecutive No. 1 singles in America within a year and a half (a record surpassed only by Whitney Houston). "Too Much Heaven" ended up as the Bee Gees' musical contribution to the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in January 1979, a benefit organised by the Bee Gees, Robert Stigwood, and David Frost for UNICEF that was broadcast worldwide. The brothers donated the royalties from the song to the charity. Up to 2007, this song has earned over $11 million for UNICEF. During the summer of 1979, the Bee Gees embarked on their largest concert tour covering the US and Canada. The Spirits Having Flown tour capitalised on Bee Gees fever that was sweeping the nation, with sold out concerts in 38 cities. The Bee Gees produced a video for the title track of "Too Much Heaven" directed by Miami-based film-maker, Martin Pitts and produced by Charles Allen. With this video, Pitts and Allen began a long association with the brothers.
The Bee Gees even had a country hit in 1979 with "Rest Your Love On Me", the flip side of their pop hit "Too Much Heaven", which made Top 40 on the country charts. In 1981, Conway Twitty's version of "Rest Your Love On Me" topped the country charts.
The Bee Gees' overwhelming success rose and fell with the disco bubble. By the end of 1979, disco was rapidly declining in popularity, and the backlash against disco put the Bee Gees' American career in a tailspin. Radio stations around America began promoting "Bee Gee Free Weekends". Following their remarkable run from 1975 to 1979, the act would have only one more top ten single in the US, and that would not come until 1989. The Bee Gees' international popularity sustained somewhat less damage. Barry Gibb considered the success of the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack both a blessing and a curse:
| “ | Fever was No. 1 every week ... It wasn't just like a hit album. It was No. 1 every single week for 25 weeks. It was just an amazing, crazy, extraordinary time. I remember not being able to answer the phone, and I remember people climbing over my walls. I was quite grateful when it stopped. It was too unreal. In the long run, your life is better if it's not like that on a constant basis. Nice though it was.[11] | ” |
1980s[link]
Robin and Barry Gibb released various solo albums in the 1980s but only with sporadic and moderate chart success. The brothers had continuing success behind the scenes, however, writing and producing for several artists. In 1980 Barry Gibb worked with Barbra Streisand on her album Guilty. He co-produced and wrote or co-wrote all nine of the album's tracks (four of them written with Robin and the title track with both Robin and Maurice). Barry also appeared on the album's cover with Streisand, and duetted with her on two tracks. The album reached No.1 in both the US and the UK, as did the single "Woman in Love" (written by Barry and Robin), becoming Streisand's most successful single and album to date.
In 1981 the Bee Gees released the album Living Eyes, their last release on RSO. This album was the first CD ever played in public, when it was played to viewers of the BBC show Tomorrow's World.[13] With the disco backlash still running strong, the album failed to make the UK or US Top 40. Two singles from the album fared little better – "He's a Liar" reached No. 30 in the US and "Living Eyes" reached No. 45, breaking the Bee Gees' Top 40 streak which started in 1975 with "Jive Talkin'".
In 1982 Dionne Warwick enjoyed a UK No.2 and US Adult Contemporary No. 1 with her comeback single, "Heartbreaker", taken from her album of the same name written largely by the Bee Gees and co-produced by Barry Gibb. The album reached No.3 in the UK and the Top 30 in the US where it was certified Gold.
A year later Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers recorded the Bee Gees-penned track "Islands in the Stream", which became a US No. 1 hit and Top 10 in the UK. Rogers' 1983 album, Eyes That See In The Dark, was written entirely by the Bee Gees and co-produced by Barry. The album was a Top 10 hit in the US and was certified Double Platinum.
The Bee Gees had greater success with the soundtrack to Staying Alive in 1983, the sequel to Saturday Night Fever. The soundtrack was certified platinum in the US, and included their Top 30 hit "The Woman in You".
Also in 1983 the band were sued by Chicago songwriter Ronald Selle, who claimed that the brothers stole melodic material from one of his songs, "Let It End", and used it in "How Deep Is Your Love". At first, the Bee Gees lost the case; one juror said that a factor in the jury's decision was the Gibbs' failure to introduce expert testimony rebutting the plaintiff's expert testimony that it was "impossible" for the two songs to have been written independently. However, the verdict was overturned a few months later.
In 1985 Diana Ross released the album Eaten Alive, written by the Bee Gees, with the title track co-written with Michael Jackson (who also performed on the track). The album was again co-produced by Barry Gibb and the single "Chain Reaction" gave Ross a UK and Australian No.1 hit.
The Bee Gees released the album E.S.P. in 1987, which sold over 3 million copies. It was their first album in six years, and their first for Warner Bros. Records. The single "You Win Again" went to No. 1 in numerous countries, including the UK,[14] and made the Bee Gees the first group to score a UK No. 1 hit in each of three decades: the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.[15] The single was a disappointment in the US, charting at No. 75, and the Bee Gees voiced their frustration over American radio stations not playing their new European hit single, an omission which the group felt led to poor sales of their current album in the States.
On 10 March 1988, younger brother Andy died, aged 30, as a result of myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle due to a recent viral infection. His brothers acknowledge that Andy's past drug and alcohol use probably made his heart more susceptible to this illness. Just before Andy's death, it had been decided by the group that Andy would join them, which would have made the group a four-piece group. The Bee Gees' following album, One (1989), featured a song dedicated to Andy, "Wish You Were Here". The album also contained their first US top ten hit (No. 7) in a decade, "One". After the album's release, they embarked on their first world tour in ten years.
1990s[link]
In 1990, Polydor Records issued the box set Tales from the Brothers Gibb: A History in Song, which contained all of the group's singles (except 1981's "Living Eyes"), rare B-sides, unreleased tracks, solo material, and live performances. Many songs received new stereo mixes by Bill Inglot with some songs making their CD debut. At the time of its release, Tales was one of the first box sets issued in the music business and it was considered an honour for a group to have one. In the UK, Polydor issued a single disc hits collection from Tales called The Very Best of the Bee Gees, which contained their biggest UK hits. The album became one of their best selling albums in that country, eventually being certified Triple Platinum.
Following their next album, High Civilization (1991), which contained the UK top five hit "Secret Love", the Bee Gees went on a European tour. After the tour, Barry Gibb began to battle a serious back problem, which required surgery. In addition, he also suffered from arthritis, and at one point, it was so severe that it was doubtful that he would be able to play guitar for much longer. Also in the early 1990s, Maurice Gibb finally sought treatment for his alcoholism, which he had battled for many years, with the help of Alcoholics Anonymous.
In 1993, the group returned to the Polydor label, and released the album Size Isn't Everything, which contained the UK top five hit "For Whom the Bell Tolls". Success still eluded them in the US, however, as the first single released, "Paying the Price of Love" only managed to reach No. 74 on the Billboard Hot 100 while the parent album stalled at No. 153.
In 1997, they released the album Still Waters, which sold over four million copies, and reached No.2 in the UK (their highest album chart position there since 1979) and No.11 in the US. The album's first single, "Alone", gave them another UK Top 5 hit and a top 30 hit in the US. Still Waters would be the band's most successful US release of their post-RSO era.
At the 1997 BRIT Awards held in Earls Court, London on 24 February, the Bee Gees received the award for Outstanding Contribution to Music.[16] On 14 November 1997, the Bee Gees performed a live concert in Las Vegas called One Night Only. The show included a performance of "Our Love (Don't Throw It All Away)" synchronised with a vocal by their deceased brother Andy and a cameo appearance by Celine Dion singing "Immortality". The CD of the performance sold over 5 million copies. The "One Night Only" name grew out of the band's declaration that, due to Barry's health issues, the Las Vegas show was to be the final live performance of their career. After the immensely positive audience response to the Vegas concert, Barry decided to continue despite the pain, and the concert expanded into their last full-blown world tour of "One Night Only" concerts.[17] The tour included playing to 56,000 people at London's Wembley Stadium on 5 September 1998 and concluded in the newly built Olympic Stadium in Sydney, Australia on 27 March 1999 to 72,000 people.[17]
In 1998, the group's soundtrack for Saturday Night Fever was incorporated into a stage production produced first in the West End and then on Broadway. They wrote three new songs for the adaptation. Also in 1998 the brothers recorded Ellan Vannin for Isle of Man charities. Known as the unofficial national anthem of the Isle of Man, the brothers performed the song during their world tour to reflect their pride in the place of their birth.[18]
The Bee Gees closed the decade with what turned out to be their last full-sized concert, known as BG2K, on 31 December 1999.
2000–08: Maurice's death and hiatus[link]
In 2001, the group released what turned out to be their final album of new material as a group, This Is Where I Came In. The album was another success, reaching the Top 10 in the UK (being certified Gold), and the Top 20 in the US. The title track was also a UK Top 20 hit single. The album gave each member of the group a chance to write in his own way, as well as composing songs together. For example, Maurice's compositions and leads are the "Man in the Middle" and "Walking on Air," while Robin contributed "Déjà Vu," "Promise the Earth," and "Embrace," and Barry contributed "Loose Talk Costs Lives," "Technicolour Dreams", and "Voice in the Wilderness". The other songs are collaborative in writing and vocals. They performed many tracks from This Is Where I Came In, plus many of their biggest hits, on the live televised concert series Live by Request, shown on the A&E Network. The last concert of the Bee Gees as a trio was at the Love and Hope Ball in 2002.
Maurice, who had been the musical director of the Bee Gees during their final years as a group, died unexpectedly on 12 January 2003 at the age of 53 from a heart attack, while awaiting emergency surgery to repair a strangulated intestine.[19] Initially, his surviving brothers announced that they intended to carry on the name "Bee Gees" in his memory. But as time passed they decided to retire the group name, leaving it to represent the three brothers together.[20]
The same week that Maurice died, Robin's solo album Magnet was released. On 23 February 2003, the Bee Gees received the Grammy Legend Award. Barry and Robin accepted as well as Maurice's son, Adam, in a tearful ceremony.
Although there was talk of a memorial concert featuring both surviving brothers and invited guests,[21] nothing materialised. Barry and Robin continued to work independently, and both released recordings with other artists, occasionally coming together to perform at special events.
In late 2004, Robin embarked on a solo tour of Germany, Russia and Asia. During January 2005, Barry, Robin and several legendary rock artists recorded "Grief Never Grows Old," the official tsunami relief record for the Disasters Emergency Committee. Later that year, Barry reunited with Barbra Streisand for her top-selling album Guilty Pleasures, released as Guilty Too in the UK as a sequel album to the previous Guilty. Robin continued touring in Europe. Also in 2004, Barry recorded his song "I Cannot Give You My Love" with Cliff Richard, which became a UK top 20 hit single.[22]
In February 2006, Barry and Robin reunited on stage for a Miami charity concert to benefit the Diabetes Research Institute. It was their first public performance together since the death of brother Maurice. Barry and Robin also played at the 30th annual Prince's Trust Concert in the UK on 20 May 2006.
In October 2008, Robin performed a couple of songs in London as part of the BBC Electric Proms Saturday Night Fever performance. This involved various other performers and the BBC Concert Orchestra and was screened on the BBC and BBC interactive services.
2009–12: Return to performing and Robin's death[link]
On 1 September 2009, Barry's 63rd birthday, he, in an interview with Easy Mix radio host Tim Roxborough, mentioned on the subject of future tours that "they will be back"; but in an agreement with Warner/Rhino they would not make an announcement at that time.[23][24] On 7 September 2009, Robin Gibb disclosed to Jonathan Agnew that he had been in touch with Barry Gibb and that they had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and "perform again".[25]
Barry and Robin performed on the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing on 31 October 2009[26] and appeared on ABC-TV's Dancing with the Stars on 17 November 2009.[27] On 15 March 2010, Barry and Robin inducted the Swedish group ABBA into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[28] On 26 May 2010, the two made a surprise appearance on the ninth season finale of American Idol.
In October 2010, Robin Gibb was interviewed by the Daily Mail, and confirmed that the story of the Bee Gees is to be made into a Hollywood movie by Steven Spielberg. The Oscar-winning director believes the group's journey from unknowns in Manchester to worldwide fame will prove box-office gold. Robin told the Daily Mail: "The movie is going to be done by some very important people. It will be our life story. Barry and I will be involved in the technical side". One of the challenges for Spielberg will be replicating the brothers' distinctive three-part harmonies and Barry's falsetto voice. Robin said: "I'd like our original recordings to be used because it's very hard to emulate them."[29]
On 13 February 2012, Robin joined British military trio The Soldiers for the Coming Home charity concert at the London Palladium, in support of injured servicemen. It was his first public appearance for almost five months, and his final.
On 20 November 2011 it was announced that Robin Gibb, at 61 years old, was diagnosed with liver cancer, a condition he became aware of several months earlier. He had become noticeably thinner in previous months and had to cancel several appearances due to issues with severe abdominal pain.[30] On 14 April 2012, it was reported that Gibb had contracted pneumonia[31] in a Chelsea hospital and was in a coma.[32] Gibb came out of his coma on 20 April 2012.[33] He died on 20 May 2012.[34] With Robin's death, Barry became the last surviving Gibb brother.
Songwriting success[link]
The Bee Gees have sold in excess of 200 million records worldwide.[35] At one point in 1978, the Gibb brothers were responsible for writing and/or performing nine of the songs in the Billboard Hot 100.[36] In all, the Gibbs placed 13 singles onto the Hot 100 in 1978, with 12 making the Top 40. The Gibb brothers are fellows of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA).[37]
At least 2,500 artists have recorded their songs.[38] Their most popular composition is "How Deep Is Your Love", with 400 versions by other artists in existence.[39] Among the artists who have covered their songs are Ardijah, Michael Bolton, Boyzone, Eric Clapton, Billy Corgan, Destiny's Child, Faith No More, Feist, The Flaming Lips, Al Green, Jinusean, Elton John, Tom Jones, Janis Joplin, Lulu, Elvis Presley, Nina Simone, Percy Sledge, Robert Smith, Take That, and John Frusciante (who has covered "How Deep Is Your Love" during Red Hot Chili Peppers concerts). The band's music has also been sampled by dozens of hip hop artists.
Songs written by the Gibbs, but largely better known through versions by other artists, include:
- "Ain't Nothing Gonna Keep Me From You" by Teri DeSario
- "Buried Treasure" by Kenny Rogers (backing vocals The Gatlin Brothers)
- "Chain Reaction" by Diana Ross
- "Come on Over" by Olivia Newton-John
- "Emotion" by Samantha Sang
- "Gilbert Green" by Gerry Marsden
- "Grease" by Frankie Valli
- "Guilty" and "Woman in Love" by Barbra Streisand
- "Heartbreaker" & "All the Love in the World" by Dionne Warwick
- "Hold On to My Love" by Jimmy Ruffin
- "I Will Be There" by Tina Turner
- "If I Can't Have You" by Yvonne Elliman
- "Immortality" by Celine Dion
- "Islands in the Stream" by Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton
- "Morning of My Life" by Abi and Esther Ofarim
- "Only One Woman" by The Marbles
- "Rest Your Love on Me" by Conway Twitty
- "Sacred Trust" by One True Voice
- "Warm Ride" by Graham Bonnet
The Bee Gees' major non-UK/US breakthrough hit "Spicks and Specks"—a 1966 chart success in Australia (top five) and New Zealand (number one), and in Holland (top five) in 1967—was covered by British rock-pop band Status Quo for their 1968 debut album. And Al Green's 1972 non-single cover of the Bee Gees' massive 1971 North American number one "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" enjoys a certainly critical and popular following, particularly in the UK.
Awards and recognition[link]
Inductions[link]
- 1979 Hollywood Walk of Fame
- 1994 Songwriters Hall of Fame
- 1995 Florida's Artists Hall of Fame
- 1997 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
- 1997 ARIA (Australian Recording Industry Association) Hall of Fame
- 2001 Vocal Group Hall of Fame
- 2004 Dance Music Hall of Fame
- 2005 London's Walk of Fame
Grammy Awards[link]
- 1978 Best Pop Vocal Performance By A Group – "How Deep Is Your Love"
- 1979 Best Pop Vocal Performance By A Duo Or Group – "Saturday Night Fever"
- 1979 Best Arrangement Of Voices – "Stayin' Alive"
- 1979 Album Of The Year – "Saturday Night Fever"
- 1979 Producer Of The Year – "Saturday Night Fever"
- 1981 Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal – "Guilty" (Barry Gibb with Barbra Streisand)
- 2000 Lifetime Achievement Award
- 2003 Legend Award
- 2004 Hall Of Fame Award – "Saturday Night Fever"
World Music Awards[link]
- 1997 Legend Award
American Music Awards[link]
- 1979 Favorite Pop / Rock Band, Duo Or Group
- 1979 Favorite Soul / R&B Album – "Saturday Night Fever"
- 1980 Favorite Pop / Rock Band, Duo Or Group
- 1980 Favorite Pop / Rock Album – "Spirits Having Flown"
- 1997 International Artist Award
BRIT Awards[link]
BMI Awards[link]
- On 15 May 2007, the Bee Gees were named BMI Icons at the 55th annual BMI Pop Awards. Collectively, Barry, Maurice and Robin Gibb have earned 109 BMI Pop, Country and Latin Awards.[40]
Commemorative stamps[link]
In October 1999 the Isle of Man Post Office unveiled a set of 6 stamps honouring their native sons' music. The official launch took place at the London Palladium where the stage show of Saturday Night Fever was playing. A similar launch was held in New York shortly after to coincide with the show opening across the Atlantic. The songs depicted on the stamps are "Massachusetts", "Words", "I've Gotta Get A Message To You", "Night Fever", "Stayin' Alive" and "Immortality".
Civic honours[link]
In 1978, following the success of Saturday Night Fever, and the single "Night Fever" in particular, Reubin Askew, the Governor of the US state of Florida, named the Bee Gees honorary citizens of the state, since they resided in Miami at the time.[41]
All three brothers (including Maurice, posthumously) were appointed Commanders in the Order of the British Empire in December 2001 with the ceremony taking place at Buckingham Palace on 27 May 2004.[42][43]
On 10 July 2009, the Isle of Man's capital bestowed the Freedom of the Borough of Douglas honour on Barry and Robin, as well as posthumously on Maurice.[44] On 20 November 2009, Douglas Borough Council released a limited edition commemorative DVD to mark their naming as Freemen of the Borough.[45]
Discography[link]
Main article: Bee Gees discography
Studio albums[link]
| Year | Title | US Chart |
UK Chart |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs | — | — |
| 1966 | Spicks and Specks | — | — |
| 1967 | Bee Gees 1st | 7 | 8 |
| 1968 | Horizontal | 12 | 16 |
| 1968 | Idea | 17 | 4 |
| 1969 | Odessa | 20 | 10 |
| 1970 | Cucumber Castle | 94 | 57 |
| 1970 | 2 Years On | 32 | — |
| 1971 | Trafalgar | 34 | — |
| 1972 | To Whom It May Concern | 35 | — |
| 1973 | Life in a Tin Can | 69 | — |
| 1974 | Mr. Natural | 198 | — |
| 1975 | Main Course | 14 | — |
| 1976 | Children of the World | 8 | — |
| 1979 | Spirits Having Flown | 1 | 1 |
| 1981 | Living Eyes | 41 | 73 |
| 1987 | E·S·P | 96 | 5 |
| 1989 | One | 68 | 29 |
| 1991 | High Civilization | — | 24 |
| 1993 | Size Isn't Everything | 153 | 23 |
| 1997 | Still Waters | 11 | 2 |
| 2001 | This Is Where I Came In | 16 | 6 |
Live albums[link]
| Year | Title | US Chart |
UK Chart |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Here at Last... Bee Gees... Live | 8 | — |
| 1998 | One Night Only | 72 | 4 |
Soundtrack releases[link]
| Year | Title | US Chart |
UK Chart |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Saturday Night Fever | 1 | 1 |
| 1978 | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band | 5 | 38 |
| 1983 | Staying Alive | 6 | 14 |
Catalogue reissue[link]
The Gibbs recently gained ownership rights to their back catalogue, and set up a new distribution arrangement with Warner/Rhino/Reprise Records where they have since reissued digitally remastered versions of Saturday Night Fever, their later Bee Gees Greatest album, and a new boxed set: The Studio Albums: 1967–1968.
Additionally, more recent titles such as Still Waters and This Is Where I Came In were among the first batch of re-releases. The band's three Warner Bros. releases, E. S. P., One and High Civilisation were also made available on iTunes for the first time since the albums went out of print in North America in the mid-90s.
According to Robin Gibb's website, three more reissues were planned for the 2008 holiday season: Best of Bee Gees, Best of Bee Gees, Volume 2 and Love Songs. The double album Odessa was released on 13 January 2009 in a special 3-disc deluxe edition complete with the original red velvet cover with remastered stereo and mono versions of the album as well as alternate versions and unreleased tracks.
Since the remastered release of Odessa, Rhino has stopped reissuing original Bee Gees albums and there has not been any announcement as to when the remaining albums will be remastered.
Limited edition[link]
Ellan Vannin was recorded in 1997 as a 1,000 quantity limited edition single for Isle of Man charities. The song was featured in the Bee Gees World Tour and on ITV's "An Evening With ..." but to date has not been released generally. The single was subsequently also available as part of the 1999 Bee Gees Stamp issue.
50th anniversary collections[link]
In conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the Bee Gees (when they started calling themselves "Bee Gees" in 1959), Rhino Records have released two new collections. Mythology is a four-disc collection highlighting each brother, including Andy, with tracks personally selected by Barry, Robin, Maurice's wife Yvonne (with his children Adam and Samantha), and Andy's daughter Peta. Maurice's disc contains two unreleased tracks called "Angel Of Mercy" and "The Bridge". Andy's disc contains the unreleased track "Arrow Through The Heart". Mythology also features a scrapbook of family photos, many never-before published, along with tributes from artists such as George Martin, Brian Wilson, Elton John, Graham Nash and the band's longtime manager Robert Stigwood.
The second collection, The Ultimate Bee Gees, is a more modest two-disc 40-track collection highlighting their biggest hits and includes a bonus DVD of unreleased videos, previously unreleased television appearances, live performances, and promo videos. Each disc is themed, with the first disc being the more upbeat songs called "A Night Out" and the second disc being more ballad-focused called "A Night In".[46]
Band instrumentalists[link]
Barry Gibb played rhythm guitar.
During the early 1970s, Robin Gibb played piano and violin occasionally, but most of the time he only sang. Although he kept on playing strings and keyboards privately, he had not played any instrument on stage since mid-'70s.
Maurice Gibb played bass guitar, rhythm and lead guitar, piano, organ, harpsichord, electric piano, mellotron, and electronic keyboards, synthesisers and drum tracks. From 1966 to 1972 he played multiple instruments on many records. During the late 1970s he played mainly bass guitar. From about 1986 onward he usually played keyboards and guitars. Maurice was credited by the brothers as being the most technologically savvy member of the band, and had built his own home studio. The bootleg CD ESP Demos allegedly includes rough versions of tracks from the album of the same name that were recorded at that studio.[citation needed]
These musicians were considered members of the band:[citation needed]
- Colin Petersen – drums (1967–1969)
- Vince Melouney – lead guitar (1967–1968)
- Geoff Bridgford – drums (1969–1972)
- Alan Kendall – lead guitar (1971–1980, 1987–2001)
- Dennis Bryon – drums (1974–1980)
- Blue Weaver – keyboards (1975–1980)
Filmography[link]
- 1969: Cucumber Castle
- 1978: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
- 1979: The Bee Gees Special
- 1990: One For All Tour
- 1997: Keppel Road
- 1998: One Night Only
- 2001: This Is Where I Came In
- 2002: Live By Request
- 2010: In Our Own Time
References[link]
- ^ OMalley, Brendon (11 January 2009). "Bee Gees real Brisbane music pioneers". Courier Mail. http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/features/brother-act-music-to-their-ears/story-e6freoro-1111118534450. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ^ Walker, Tim (12 May 2008). "Jive talkin': Why Robin Gibb wants more respect for the Bee Gees". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jive-talkin-why-robin-gibb-wants-more-respect-for-the-bee-gees-826116.html. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
- ^ a b "The Bee Gees biography". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. 1997. http://web.archive.org/web/20110628095548/http://rockhall.com/inductees/the-bee-gees/bio/. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ "The Beach Boys". Reason to Rock. http://www.reasontorock.com/artists/beach_boys.html. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
- ^ Sean Michaels (8 September 2009). "Bee Gees to re-form for live comeback". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/sep/08/bee-gees-re-form. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ "Robin Gibb, Bee Gees Co-Founder, Dead at 62". 20 May 2012. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/robin-gibb-bee-gees-co-founder-dead-at-62-20120520.
- ^ Adriaensen, Marion. "The story about The Bee Gees/Part 2 – 1950–1960". BrothersGibb.org. http://www.brothersgibb.org/history-part-2.html. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ Dolgins, Adam: Rock Names: From Abba to ZZ Top, 3rd ed., p.24. Citadel Press, 1998.
- ^ MitchellAlex (30 May 2004). "Bob Carr's tribute to Bee Gees". smh.com.au. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/29/1085641764104.html. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Show 49 – The British are Coming! The British are Coming!: With an emphasis on Donovan, the Bee Gees and the Who. [Part 6, : UNT Digital Library". Digital.library.unt.edu. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19826/m1/. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Sam Kashner, "Fever Pitch," Movies Rock (Supplement to The New Yorker), Fall 2007, unnumbered page.
- ^ "Record-Breakers and Trivia – Albums". Everyhit.com. http://www.everyhit.com/recordalb.html. Retrieved 28 Nov 2011.
- ^ Bilyeu, Melinda; Hector Cook, Andrew Môn Hughes (2004). The Bee Gees:tales of the brothers Gibb. Omnibus Press. p. 519. ISBN 978-1-84449-057-8.
- ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums. London: Guinness World Records Limited
- ^ Dafydd Rees, Luke Crampton (1991). "Rock movers & shakers, Volume 1991, Part 2". p.46.
- ^ 1997 Brit Awards Brits.co.uk. Retrieved 9 December 2011
- ^ a b Hughes, Andrew (2009). "The Bee Gees: Tales Of The Brothers Gibb". Omnibus Press
- ^ "''The Bee Gees – Born in the Isle of Man.''". 2iom.com. http://www.2iom.com/iomthebeegees.html. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ "Bee Gees question brother's treatment". BBC News. 13 January 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2652147.stm. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
- ^ "Bee Gees band name dropped". BBC News. 22 January 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2682763.stm. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
- ^ "Tribute concert for Maurice Gibb". BBC News. 27 September 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3692674.stm. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ "Official Charts Company – Cliff Richard". Theofficialcharts.com. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/cliff%20richard/. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ Tim Roxborough (1 September 2009). "Hi From Tim September 1st – Barry Gibb Interview, Celebrating 50 Years Of The Bee Gees". Easy Mix. http://www.easymix.co.nz/WhosOn/Detail.aspx?id=1927. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
- ^ Tim Roxborough (1 September 2009). "Memories of touring NZ, working with Robin again". Easy Mix. http://www.easymix.co.nz/content/1927/EMB%20BG%20-%20NZ,%20ROBIN%20AGAIN.mp3. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
- ^ Adam Mountford (7 September 2009). "Bee Gees and Bombers at Lords". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adammountford/2009/09/bee_gees_and_bombers_at_lords.html. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
- ^ BBC News (15 October 2009). "Bee Gees to perform on Strictly". http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8308513.stm. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
- ^ "Stayin' Alive". New York Times. 28 November 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/opinion/29sun3.html. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
- ^ "The Stooges, ABBA Headline Eclectic Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame Ceremony". mtv. 16 March 2010. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1633996/20100316/iggy_pop_and_the_stooges.jhtml. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
- ^ Robertson, Peter (17 October 2010). "The Story of The Bee Gees coming to Hollywood". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1321253/From-ET-Bee-Gees-Steven-Spielberg-turn-Gibb-life-story-movie.html?ito=feeds-newsxml#ixzz12bGPmgjG. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ Singh, Anita (20 November 2011). "Robin Gibb diagnosed with liver cancer". The Sunday Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8902510/Robin-Gibb-diagnosed-with-liver-cancer.html. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ^ "Gibb fights for life with pneumonia". The Associated Press. 14 April 2012. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5iVRxBlJlzg01tpW6QQEPP-UysRDA?docId=B20888811334395256A0. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ Donnelly, Laura (14 April 2012). "Robin Gibb in coma and fighting for his life". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9204362/Robin-Gibb-in-coma-and-fighting-for-his-life.html. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ "Robin Gibb making good progress". Tvnz.co.nz. 21 April 2012. http://tvnz.co.nz/entertainment-news/robin-gibb-making-good-progress-family-4844432?ref=rss. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ "Robin Gibb of Bee Gees dies at 62". USA Today. 14 April 2012. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/obit/story/2012-04-14/robin-gibb-obit/55097560/1. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ "Bee Gees World: Record Sales". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213163507/http://www.beegees-world.com/bio_sales.html. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
- ^ "catsfield.co.nz". catsfield.co.nz. http://www.catsfield.co.nz/. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ "Fellows - The British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors". BASCA. Retrieved 30 May 2012
- ^ "Business solutions from AllBusiness-Redesign". AllBusiness.com. http://www.allbusiness.com/humanities-social-science/visual-performing-arts-music/13322257-1.html. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ Beth Neil (5 November 2009). "Bee Gees week: How Saturday Night Fever changed our lives forever". The Mirror (London). http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/11/05/bee-gees-week-how-saturday-night-fever-changed-our-lives-forever-115875-21800065/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
- ^ "Bee Gees To Be Named BMI Icons at 55th Annual Pop Awards". bmi.com. http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534673. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ "Community News ... Who, What & Where". Ocala Star-Banner: pp. 1B. 16 May 1978. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S9g0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=4QUEAAAAIBAJ&dq=bee-gees%20honorary%20citizens&pg=2822%2C4334246. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ "Honours in the music world". BBC News. 31 December 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1734559.stm. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ "Surviving Bee Gees collect CBEs". BBC News. 27 May 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3753699.stm. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ Rachael Bruce (10 July 2009). "Bee Gees named Freemen of the Borough". Isle of Man Today. http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/Bee-Gees-named-Freemen-of.5449394.jp. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
- ^ "The Bee Gees "Freedom"". The Borough of Douglas. http://beegees.douglas.gov.im. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ "Beegees". Beegees. http://www.beegees.com. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
External links[link]
 |
Book: Bee Gees |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bee Gees |
- Bee Gees – official website
- Barry Gibb – official website
- Robin Gibb – official website
- Bee Gees at Rolling Stone
- Bee Gees at Allmusic
- Bee Gees' Vocal Group Hall of Fame webpage
- Bee Gees at bmi.com
- Robin Gibb sadly passes away after losing his battle with cancer
- Bee Gees interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969).
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| Neneh Cherry | |
|---|---|
 Neneh Cherry in June 2008 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Neneh Mariann Karlsson |
| Born | (1964-03-10) 10 March 1964 (age 48) Stockholm, Sweden |
| Genres | Hip hop, trip hop, alternative hip hop |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, rapper, DJ |
| Years active | 1987—present |
| Labels | Virgin, Tent Music |
Neneh Mariann Cherry (born Neneh Mariann Karlsson; 10 March 1964) is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, and occasional DJ and broadcaster.[1] Blending hip hop with other influences, Cherry experienced mainstream success with several of her recordings.
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Cherry was born in Stockholm to a Sierra Leonean father, drummer Amahdu Jah, and a Swedish mother, painter and textile artist Monica Karlsson, later known as Moki Cherry. Her stepfather Don Cherry, an American jazz musician, helped raise her since birth and she took his surname.[1] Through her father, she is the half-sister of singer Titiyo and record producer Cherno Jah, and through her mother, she is the half-sister of musician Eagle-Eye Cherry. She has a stepsister, violinist Jan Cherry, and a stepbrother, jazz musician David Ornette Cherry.
During the first years of her life, Cherry lived in a hippie commune just outside the small town of Hässleholm. The family later moved to Pudsey, England, and in the early 1970s, they lived in an apartment on East Ninth Street in New York. At the age of 14, Cherry dropped out of school and moved to London.
Career[link]
Early work[link]
In London, Cherry joined the punk rock band The Cherries. She moved through several bands, including New Age Steppers, Rip Rig + Panic, and Float Up CP. She also DJ'd, playing early rap music on the reggae pirate Dread Broadcasting Corporation.[2]
[edit] Raw Like Sushi
She began a solo career with "Stop the War", a protest song about the Falkland Islands. She also worked with The The and musician Cameron McVey (a.k.a. Booga Bear), who co-wrote most of her debut album Raw Like Sushi, and whom she would eventually marry.[1] She was intimately involved in the Bristol Urban Culture scene, working as an arranger on Massive Attack's Blue Lines album and helping out in various other ways in the scene. Both Robert Del Naja and Andrew Vowles of Massive Attack contributed to Raw Like Sushi.
The single "Buffalo Stance" was an international blockbuster. "Buffalo Stance" eventually peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart, and the US Billboard Hot 100,[1] and number 1 on the US Dance chart. More singles released between 1988 and 1990 included "Manchild," "Kisses on the Wind," "Heart," and "Inna City Mama." She also found success with "I've Got You Under My Skin" (produced by Morris Temple of The Guards fame), a reworking of the Cole Porter song, which appeared on the Red Hot + Blue AIDS fundraising album. The single reached number 25 in the UK.[1] Cherry was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1990 in the Best New Artist Category; she lost out to Milli Vanilli, who later had their Grammy revoked when it was discovered that they had not performed on their recording. She won a Brit Award in 1990 for Raw Like Sushi.
[edit] Homebrew
Cherry's second album was Homebrew, but it was not as commercially successful as its predecessor.[1] The album had some success on the dance charts with songs "Buddy X" and "Trout." "Buddy X" was a bigger hit years later in a remix by Dreem Teem and on college radio the "Trout" duet with Michael Stipe was popular. Homebrew included the work of Geoff Barrow (on "Somedays"), who would later become part of Portishead.
[edit] Man
Her most recent solo album, 1996's Man, was led by the track "Woman", her take on James Brown's 1966 track "It's a Man's Man's Man's World." It featured the worldwide hit single, "7 Seconds", featuring Youssou N'Dour; and "Trouble Man" a cover of a Marvin Gaye track. "7 Seconds" remained at number 1 in France for a record seventeen weeks in 1994. Another track, "Together Now", featured Tricky. Cherry received her second Grammy nomination in 1994 for "7 Seconds". In the MTV Europe Music Awards in 1994, "7 Seconds" won the Best Song title.
Neneh Chérie Remixes, a remix album of Man songs, was released in 1997.
CirKus[link]
In 2006, Cherry announced the formation of a new band, cirKus. In addition to Cherry, cirKus members are Cameron McVey, Lolita Moon (Neneh and Cameron's daughter Tyson) plus Karmil. CirKus has toured Europe, with a single North American performance at the Montreal Jazz Festival in July 2006 plus a few dates in Brazil in 2008. The band's first album, Laylow, was released in France in 2006. A remixed/recorded version was released in 2007. A second CirKus album, Medicine, was released in France in March 2009.
Other collaborations[link]
Although Cherry has only released a handful of albums, she has frequently collaborated with other artists. She performed a duet with Matt Johnson of The The on the track Slow Train To Dawn from The The's 1986 album Infected. Slow Train To Dawn reached #64 in the UK and received sporadic airplay on US alternative radio stations. She rapped on the B-side of the Morgan/McVey single "Looking Good Diving With The Wild Bunch" (1987). Cherry worked with Jon Marsh of The Beloved on a new version of their single "You've Got Me Thinking". Although the track was never officially released, two demo versions were available from The Beloved's website. Cherry also contributed guest vocals on Pulp's UK #1 album This Is Hardcore, singing on the track "Seductive Barry". In 1990, Cherry contributed "I've Got You Under My Skin" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Blue produced by the Red Hot Organization.
Cherry collaborated with Edward Kowalczyk the lead singer of the band Live. They contributed a duet entitled "Walk into this Room" written by Kowalczyk for the soundtrack to the movie Playing by Heart (1998). In 1999 she covered the ESG song "Moody" on Christian Falk's debut Quel Bordel. Also in 1999, "Twisted Mess", a collaboration with Craig Armstrong, was recorded for the soundtrack of the film Best Laid Plans. It was also included on the soundtrack to The Dancer (2000) and released as a promotional single on France's Delabel label. Cherry appeared on Peter Gabriel's 11th album OVO in 2000.
In addition she contributed vocals alongside Speech and Ulali on 1 Giant Leap's 2003 song "Braided Hair". In the 2005 release of Gorillaz's Demon Days, she contributed vocals to the tracks "Kids With Guns". She performed the song in the Demon Days Live concerts in 2006. The same year she appeared with the Swedish rapper Petter on his album P, singing in Swedish. She contributed vocals to the Groove Armada tracks, "The Groove Is On" and "Think Twice", featured on the band's album Love Box. In 2006 she was featured in the song "Yours to Keep", by the Stockholm outfit Teddybears on their album Soft Machine. In 2007 she again duetted with Youssou N'Dour on one track, "Wake Up Africa", released on his 2007 album Rokku Mi Rokka.
In 2006 she was featured in the song "High Drama", by the German DJ Timo Maas on his album Pictures.
In 2008 she appeared on Swedish producer Kleerup's self-titled album, contributing vocals to the track "Forever".
In March 2011 she joined the experimental jazz group The Thing. Their album The Cherry Thing will be released in June 2012.
Other work[link]
Cherry appeared in a non-singing capacity in Big Audio Dynamite's 1986 video for "C'mon Every Beatbox", dancing onstage with others during the band's performance. In early 2004, Cherry presented Neneh Cherry's World of Music, a six-part series broadcast on BBC Radio 2.
In the late 1980s, Cherry helped to bankroll the band Massive Attack.[3]
In April 2007, Cherry presented a six-part cookery show Neneh and Andi – Dish it Up with her friend Andrea Oliver for BBC Two. The pair would later appear on Gordon Ramsay's The F-Word as part of the amateur brigade.
Personal life[link]
Cherry married The Bank drummer Bruce Smith in 1983 and their daughter Naima was also born that year.[4][5] They divorced in 1984. Their daughter Naima is a London-based photographer, who in 2004 had son Louis Clyde Flynn Love.[5][6] In 1987 Cherry met producer Cameron McVey at Heathrow Airport. Cherry and McVey were en route to Japan, as fashion models as part of London designer Ray Petri's Buffalo Posse. Cherry proposed, and the two married in 1990. Together they have daughters Tyson, born in 1989, and Mabel, born in 1996.[4] Their relationship is also work-related, as McVey produced and co-wrote Raw Like Sushi; together they have supported a variety of British acts; and they are in the group cirKus together. Her stepson Marlon Roudette fronts the British duo Mattafix.
The Cherry-McVeys have lived throughout Europe. In 1993 they moved to Spain. In 1992, they briefly attempted to live in New York. They bought a home in the Park Slope section of Brooklyn, New York. Soon after moving in, the couple was held up at gunpoint and robbed by a teenage bandit. The entire family packed up again and headed back to London's Primrose Hill.[7] They next returned to Cherry's childhood home in Sweden; living in the same schoolhouse turned home (featured in Homebrew album artwork) that Cherry studied in as a child.[7] For many years they split their time between the UK and Sweden, but made Sweden their permanent base around 2003. They have a country house near Birmingham and Wolverhampton, apartments in London and Stockholm plus the old schoolhouse in Skåne County.
Discography[link]
Main article: Neneh Cherry discography
- Solo
- Raw Like Sushi (1989)
- Homebrew (1992)
- Man (1996)
- With CirKus
- Laylow (2006)
- Medicine (2009)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography. Mojo Books. p. 176. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
- ^ Vague, Tom (2006). "Counter Culture Portobello Psychogeographical History". PortobelloFilmFestival.com. http://www.portobellofilmfestival.com/talkpics/talk-vague04.html.
- ^ "Neneh Cherry". lyricsfreak.com. 2010. http://www.lyricsfreak.com/n/neneh+cherry/biography.html.
- ^ a b "Neneh Cherry Online - Interview". Buddyx.com. http://www.buddyx.com/NenehCherry/articles/pachainterview.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ a b "Neneh Cherry Online - Discography 'Albums'". Buddyx.com. 2004-06-23. http://www.buddyx.com/NenehCherry/articles/beatmagazine.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ "Neneh is a Grandma!". Buddyx.com. 2004-06-23. http://www.buddyx.com/NenehCherry/articles/beatmagazine.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ a b Outre risque -The Neneh Cherry Homepage, a fansite
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cherry, Neneh |
| Alternative names | Karlsson, Neneh Mariann (birth name) |
| Short description | Swedish singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | 10 March 1964 |
| Place of birth | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is about the designer. For the brand, see Alexander McQueen (brand). For the actor, see Alex MacQueen.
| Alexander McQueen | |
|---|---|
 Alexander McQueen at his Fall 2009 collection |
|
| Born | Lee Alexander McQueen (1969-03-17)17 March 1969 Lewisham, London, United Kingdom |
| Died | 11 February 2010(2010-02-11) (aged 40)[1] Mayfair, London, United Kingdom |
| Residence | Mayfair London |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Central Saint Martins |
| Occupation | Fashion designer |
| Parents | Joyce McQueen (deceased, 1934–2010) Ronald McQueen |
| Awards | British Fashion Designer of the Year Commander of the Order of the British Empire Council of Fashion Designers of America International Designer of the Year 2003 |
| Labels | Alexander McQueen, McQ |
Lee Alexander McQueen, CBE (17 March 1969 – 11 February 2010) was a British fashion designer and couturier best known for his in-depth knowledge of bespoke British tailoring, his tendency to juxtapose strength with fragility in his collections, as well as the emotional power and raw energy of his provocative fashion shows.[opinion][2] He is also known for having worked as chief designer at Givenchy from 1996 to 2001 and for founding his own Alexander McQueen label.[2] His achievements in fashion earned him four British Designer of the Year awards (1996, 1997, 2001 and 2003), as well as the CFDA's International Designer of the Year award in 2003.[2]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Born on 17 March 1969 in Lewisham, London, to Scottish[3] taxi driver Ronald[4] and social science teacher Joyce, McQueen was the youngest of six children.[5][6] He grew up in a council flat[7] in a tower block in Stratford.[8] He attended Carpenters Road Primary School, started making dresses for his three sisters at a young age, and announced his intention to become a fashion designer.[9]
McQueen later attended Rokeby School and left aged 16 in 1984 with one O-level in art,[5] going on to serve an apprenticeship with Savile Row tailors Anderson & Sheppard, before joining Gieves & Hawkes and, later, the theatrical costumiers Angels and Bermans.[10] The skills he learned as an apprentice on Savile Row helped earn him a reputation in the fashion world as an expert in creating an impeccably tailored look. [11]
Career[link]
While on Savile Row, McQueen's clients included Mikhail Gorbachev and Prince Charles. At the age of 20 he spent a period of time working for Koji Tatsuno before travelling to Milan, Italy and working for Romeo Gigli.[9]
McQueen returned to London in 1994 and applied to Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, to work as a pattern cutter tutor. Because of the strength of his portfolio he was persuaded by the Head of the Masters course to enroll in the course as a student.[9] He received his masters degree in fashion design and his graduation collection was bought in its entirety by influential fashion stylist Isabella Blow, who was said to have persuaded McQueen to become known as Alexander (his middle name) when he subsequently launched his fashion career.[6][9] It was shortly after creating his second collection,“McQueen's Theatre of Cruelty", that McQueen met Katy England, his soon to be "right hand woman",[12] when outside of a "high profile fashion show" trying to "blag her way in".[13] He promptly asked her to join him for his third collection, "The Birds" at Kings Cross, as "creative director".[13] Katy England continued to work with McQueen thereafter, greatly influencing his work – his "second opinion".[12]
Icelandic singer Björk sought McQueen's work for the cover of her album Homogenic in 1997.[14] McQueen also directed the music video for her song "Alarm Call" from the same album.[15]
McQueen's early runway collections developed his reputation for controversy and shock tactics (earning the title "l'enfant terrible" and "the hooligan of English fashion"),[4] with trousers aptly named "bumsters" and a collection titled "Highland Rape".[5][17][18] In 2004, journalist Caroline Evans also wrote of McQueen's "theatrical staging of cruelty", in 032c magazine, referring to his dark and tortured renderings of Scottish history.[19] McQueen was known for his lavish, unconventional runway shows: a recreation of a shipwreck for his spring 2003 collection; spring 2005's human chess game; and his fall 2006 show "Widows of Culloden", which featured a life-sized hologram of supermodel Kate Moss dressed in yards of rippling fabric.[20]
McQueen's "bumsters" spawned a trend in low rise jeans; on their debut they attracted many comments and debate.[11] Michael Oliveira-Salac, the director of Blow PR and a friend of McQueen's said, "The bumster for me is what defined McQueen."[11] McQueen also became known for using skulls in his designs. A scarf bearing the motif became a celebrity must-have and was copied around the world.[11]
McQueen has been credited with bringing drama and extravagance to the catwalk.[11] He used new technology and innovation to add a different twist to his shows and often shocked and surprised audiences. The silhouettes that he created have been credited for adding a sense of fantasy and rebellion to fashion.[11] McQueen became one of the first designers to use Indian models in London.[11]
McQueen also designed a range of dresses under the name of "manta", priced at around £2800. The line, named after the manta ray, was inspired by a holiday McQueen took in the Maldives in 2009. The designs have been worn by various models and celebrities, including Lily Cole.[21]
VOSS[link]
McQueen's most celebrated and dramatic catwalk show was his 2001 spring/summer collection, named VOSS. The centre piece tableaux that dominated the room was an enormous glass box. But because the room outside the box was lit and the inside of the box was unlit, the glass walls appeared as large mirrors, so that the seated audience saw only their own reflection. Finally, after an hour, and when the show began, lights came on in inside the enormous glass case and revealed the interior to be filled with moths and, at the centre, a naked model on a chaise longue with her face obscured by a gas mask. The glass walls then fell away and smashed on the ground.
The model chosen by McQueen to be the centre of the show was the British writer Michelle Olley. (The show also featured Kate Moss and Erin O'Connor). McQueen said that the tableaux was based on the Joel Peter Witkin image Sanitarium.[22] The British fashion photographer Nick Knight later said of the VOSS show on his SHOWstudio.com blog:
"The girl in the box was Michelle Olley. She modelled for me in a story I did called Sister Honey... She was a writer and I remember she wrote a great piece on being the Butterfly Girl in the middle of that (McQueen) Glass Box show. I was sat on the front row, inbetween Alexandra Schulman and Gwyneth Paltrow. It was is probably one of the best pieces of Fashion Theatre I have ever witnessed." [23]
Alexander McQueen later described his thoughts on the idea used during VOSS of forcing his audience to stare at their own reflection in the mirrored walls for over an hour:
"Ha! I was really pleased about that. I was looking at it on the monitor, watching everyone trying not to look at themselves. It was a great thing to do in the fashion industry—turn it back on them! God, I’ve had some freaky shows.” [24]
In spring 2011, Michelle Olley was asked by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York to contribute to their Alexander McQueen exhibition, Savage Beauty.[25] She was interviewed by The Met about VOSS for the audio guide to the show. Olley's detailed diary/journal of modelling for McQueen - written between Sept 18-27 as the show was being planned and staged - was included in the Met Museum website coverage of the Savage Beauty exhibition.[26] The VOSS diary relates details of the show and encounters with McQueen, ending with how Olley returned home after the show to find:
"...a MASSIVE bouquet of flowers has arrived, with a note [from McQueen] saying, “Thank you for everything – you were beautiful! – Lee xxx” " [27]
Givenchy appointment[link]
The president of LVMH, Bernard Arnault, caused a stir when he appointed McQueen head designer at Givenchy in 1996, succeeding John Galliano.[9] Upon arrival at Givenchy, McQueen insulted the founder by calling him "irrelevant". His first couture collection with Givenchy was unsuccessful, with even McQueen telling Vogue in October 1997 that the collection was "crap". McQueen toned down his designs at Givenchy, but continued to indulge his rebellious streak, causing controversy in autumn 1998 with a show which included spraying paint over white cotton dresses and double amputee model Aimee Mullins striding down the catwalk on intricately carved wooden legs.[9][18] Givenchy designs released by Vogue Patterns during this period may be credited to the late designer.[28] McQueen stayed with Givenchy until March 2001, when the contract he said was "constraining his creativity" ended.[9]
Accomplishments[link]
Some of McQueen's accomplishments included being one of the youngest designers to achieve the title "British Designer of the Year", which he won four times between 1996 and 2003;[10] he was also awarded the CBE and named International Designer of the Year by the Council of Fashion Designers in 2003.[29]
December 2000 saw a new partnership for McQueen, with the Gucci Group's acquiring 51% of his company and McQueen's serving as Creative Director.[5] Plans for expansion included the opening of stores in London, Milan and New York, and the launch of his perfumes Kingdom and, most recently, My Queen. In 2005, McQueen collaborated with Puma to create a special line of trainers for the shoe brand.[30] In 2006 he launched McQ, a younger, more renegade lower priced line for men and women.
McQueen became the first designer to participate in MAC's promotion of cosmetic releases created by fashion designers. The collection, McQueen, was released on 11 October 2007 and reflected the looks used on the Autumn/Winter McQueen catwalk. The inspiration for the collection was the 1963 Elizabeth Taylor movie Cleopatra, and thus the models sported intense blue, green, and teal eyes with strong black liner extended Egyptian-style. McQueen handpicked the makeup.
Company[link]
By the end of 2007, Alexander McQueen had boutiques in London, New York, Los Angeles, Milan and Las Vegas. Celebrity patrons, including Nicole Kidman, Penélope Cruz, Sarah Jessica Parker and Rihanna, J-pop queens such as Ayumi Hamasaki, Namie Amuro, and Koda Kumi have frequently been spotted wearing Alexander McQueen clothing to events.[31] Björk, Ayumi Hamasaki and Lady Gaga have often incorporated Alexander McQueen pieces in their music videos.[32] By wearing his designs, celebrities such as the above mentioned have further increased the notability of the McQueen brand.
Personal life[link]
McQueen was openly gay and said he realized his sexual orientation when he was six years old.[33] He told his family when he was 18 and, after a rocky period, they accepted his sexuality.[5] He described coming out at a young age by saying, "I was sure of myself and my sexuality and I've got nothing to hide. I went straight from my mother's womb onto the gay parade".[34]
In the summer of 2000, McQueen had a marriage ceremony with his partner George Forsyth, a documentary filmmaker, on a yacht in Ibiza.[35] The marriage was not official, as same-sex marriage in Spain was not legal then. The relationship ended a year later and McQueen and Forsyth maintained a close friendship.[36]
McQueen received press attention after the May 2007 suicide of international style icon Isabella Blow. Rumours were published that there was a rift between McQueen and Blow at the time of her death, focusing on McQueen's under-appreciation of Blow.[37] In response to these rumours, McQueen told an interviewer:[20]
It's so much bollocks. These people just don't know what they're talking about. They don't know me. They don't know my relationship with Isabella. It's complete bullshit. People can talk; you can ask her sisters ... That part of the industry, they should stay away from my life, or mine and Isabella's life. What I had with Isabella was completely dissociated from fashion, beyond fashion.
McQueen was an accomplished scuba diver and used his passion as a source of inspiration in his designs, including spring 2010's "Plato's Atlantis." Much of his diving was done around the Maldives.[38]
Death and memorial[link]
 |
Wikinews has related news: British fashion designer Alexander McQueen found dead at age 40 |
McQueen's death was announced on the afternoon of 11 February 2010. In the morning, his housekeeper found him hanging at his home on Green Street, London W1. [39] Paramedics were called and they pronounced him dead at the scene.[1]
McQueen died days before London Fashion Week, though he was not scheduled to show,[40] and nine days after the death of his mother, Joyce, 75, from cancer.[41] David LaChapelle, a friend of the designer, said that McQueen "was doing a lot of drugs and was very unhappy" at the time of his death.[42]
McQueen left a note saying, "Look after my dogs, sorry, I love you, Lee."[43] The Metropolitan Police stated that the death was not suspicious, but did not confirm that the death was a suicide.[44] On 17 February 2010, Westminster Coroner's Court was told that a post-mortem examination found that McQueen's death was due to asphyxiation and hanging. The inquest was adjourned until 28 April 2010, where McQueen's death was officially recorded as suicide.[45][46] McQueen, who had been diagnosed with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, took an overdose prior to hanging himself. He had taken drug overdoses in May and July 2009.[47] Prior to hanging himself with his "favourite brown belt", the inquest recorded that he had slashed his wrists with a ceremonial dagger and a meat cleaver.[48] Coroner Dr Paul Knapman reported finding "a significant level of cocaine, sleeping pills, and tranquilisers in the blood samples taken after the designer's death."[49]
On behalf of Lee McQueen's family, Alexander McQueen [the company] today announces the tragic news that Lee McQueen, the founder and designer of the Alexander McQueen brand, has been found dead at his home. At this stage it is inappropriate to comment on this tragic news beyond saying that we are devastated and are sharing a sense of shock and grief with Lee's family. Lee's family has asked for privacy in order to come to terms with this terrible news and we hope the media will respect this.
On 3 February 2010, McQueen wrote on his Twitter page that his mother had died the day before, adding: "RIP mumxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx." Four days later, he wrote that he had had an "awful week" but said "friends have been great", adding: "now i have to some how pull myself together".[50] His mother's funeral took place on 12 February 2010.[51] McQueen is survived by his father, three sisters, and two brothers.[52]
McQueen's funeral took place on 25 February 2010 at St. Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, West London.[53] His ashes were later scattered on the Isle of Skye.[54]
A memorial was held for McQueen at Saint Paul's Cathedral on 20 September 2010. It was attended by Björk, Kate Moss, Sarah Jessica Parker, Naomi Campbell, Stella McCartney and Anna Wintour[55] amongst 2,500 other invited guests.[56] On 18 February 2010, Robert Polet, the president and chief executive of the Gucci Group, announced that the Alexander McQueen business would carry on without its founder and creative director.[57]
The BBC reported that McQueen had reserved £50,000 ($82,000) of his wealth for his pet dogs so they could live in the lap of luxury for the rest of their lives. He also bequeathed £100,000 ($164,315) each to four different charities; these include the Battersea Dogs and Cats Home in south London, and the Blue Cross animal welfare charity in Burford, Oxfordshire.[58]
Tributes[link]
On 16 February 2010, pop musician Lady Gaga performed an acoustic, jazz rendition of her hit single "Telephone" and segued into "Dance in the Dark" at the 2010 Brit Awards. During the performance, Gaga honored McQueen, saying, "this is for Alexander McQueen".[59] She also commemorated McQueen after accepting her award for Best International Artist, Best International Female, and Best International Album. Gaga dedicated a song to him, titled "Fashion of His Love", on the special edition of her third album, Born This Way.[citation needed]
Björk sang her rendition of "Gloomy Sunday" at the memorial at St. Paul's Cathedral in London. She wore an outfit created by McQueen on which many mourners came to gather.[citation needed] Various other musicians, who were friends and collaborators with McQueen, commentated on his death, including Kanye West, Courtney Love, and Katy Perry.[60]
In March 2010, a visual tribute to McQueen and his "manta" design was organised featuring Naomi Campbell, Kate Moss and Annabelle Neilson, among others.[21]
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City hosted a posthumous exhibition of McQueen's work in 2011 titled Savage Beauty. The exhibition’s elaborate staging includes unique architectural finishes and soundtracks for each room.[61] Despite being open for only three months, it was one of the most popular exhibitions in the museum's history.[62] The exhibition was so successful that Alexander McQueen fans and industry professionals worldwide began rallying at Change.org to "Please Make Alexander McQueen's Savage Beauty a Traveling Exhibition"[63] to bring honor to McQueen and see his vision become a reality: to share his work with the entire world.[64]
The final show[link]
Right before Alexander McQueen's death, he had an eighty percent unfinished autumn/winter collection, 16 pieces, presented during Paris Fashion Week on March 8th 2010, to a select handful of fashion editors in a mirrored, gilded salon at the 18th-century Hôtel de Clermont-Tonnerre.
Fashion editors picked his final designs. Editors said the show was hard to watch because it showed how McQueen was obsessed with the afterlife. The clothes had a medieval and religious look. Basic colours that were repetitively used were red, gold and silver with detailed embroidery. His models were accessorized to show his love for theatrical imagery. "Each piece is unique, as was he", McQueen's fashion house said in a statement that was released with the collection.
After company owner Gucci confirmed that the brand would continue, McQueen's long-term assistant Sarah Burton was named as the new creative director of Alexander McQueen in May 2010.[65] In September 2010, Burton presented her first womenswear collection in Paris.[66]
References[link]
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- ^ "'Meeting the Queen was like falling in love'". London: The Guardian. 20 April 2004. http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2004/apr/20/guesteditors. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Alexander McQueen: fashion mourns the loss of its brilliant 'enfant terrible'". London: Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/fashionnews/7215550/Alexander-McQueen-fashion-mourns-loss-of-its-brilliant-enfant-terrible.html.
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- ^ Bremner, Charles; Robertson, David (12 February 2010). "Alexander McQueen Obituary". London: The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article7023911.ece. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
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- ^ Payne, Will (14 February 2010). "The crazy world of Alexander McQueen, by his ex-husband". The Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2010/02/14/the-crazy-world-of-alexander-mcqueen-by-his-ex-husband-115875-22040941/. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
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External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alexander McQueen |
- Alexander McQueen's home page
- Alexander McQueen – Daily Telegraph obituary
- In pictures:Alexander McQueen exibition – The BBC – Entertainment and Arts
- Metropolitan Museum of Art retrospective
|
|||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | McQueen, Alexander |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Fashion designer |
| Date of birth | 16 March 1969 |
| Place of birth | Lewisham, London, England, UK |
| Date of death | 11 February 2010 (aged 40) |
| Place of death | Mayfair, London, England, UK |
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