Look up foundation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Foundation commonly refers to:

• Foundation (engineering), the lowest and supporting layer of a structure
• Foundation (non-profit), a type of organization

Foundation may also refer to:

Literature[link]

• Foundation series, a series of science fiction books by Isaac Asimov
  • Foundation (novel), the first book in the series
• Foundation – The International Review of Science Fiction, a literary journal
• Foundation (b-boy book), by Joseph G. Schloss
• Foundation, a novel by Mercedes Lackey in the Collegium Chronicles series

Music[link]

• The Foundations, a British soul group
• Foundation (Brand Nubian album)
• Foundation (Breakage album)
• Foundation (Doc Watson album)
• Foundation (Magnum album)
• Foundation (M.O.P. album)
• The Foundation (Geto Boys album)
• The Foundation (Zac Brown Band album)
• "Foundations" (song), by Kate Nash
• "The Foundation" (song), by Xzibit

Academics[link]

• Foundation Stage, a stage of education for children aged 3 to 5 in England.
• Foundation degree, a British academic qualification
• Foundation school, a type of school in England and Wales
• University Foundation Programme, a British university entrance course

Other uses[link]

• Foundation (evidence), a legal term
• Foundation (cosmetics)
• The Foundation (TV series)
• "The Foundation" (Seinfeld)
• FOUNDATION fieldbus, a communications system
• Foundation Kit, an Apple API

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Kate Nash
Kate Nash in 2010.
Background information
Birth name	Kate Marie Nash
Born	(1987-07-06) 6 July 1987 (age 24) Harrow, London, England[1]
Genres	Indie pop, indie rock
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, synth, keyboard, bass, drums
Years active	2006–present
Labels	Fiction Island Def Jam Ireland Moshi Moshi Universal-Island
Associated acts	The Receeders Ryan Jarman SUPERCUTE!, Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players Jason Trachtenburg, Kano
Website	www.katenash.co.uk

Kate Marie Nash^[2] (born 6 July 1987) is an English^[3] singer, songwriter and musician.^[4] She had a UK number-2 hit "Foundations" in 2007, followed by the platinum-selling UK number-1 album Made of Bricks. She was named Best Female Artist at the 2008 BRIT Awards.

Her second studio album, entitled My Best Friend Is You, was released in the United Kingdom on 19 April 2010 and in the U.S. on 11 May 2010. It spawned her second biggest chart hit to date, the single "Do-Wah-Doo".^[5]

Nash is currently signed to The Island Def Jam Motown Ireland Group.

Early life[link]

Nash was born on 6 July 1987 in Harrow, London^[1][6] to an English father, Steven Nash, and an Irish mother, Marie (née Walsh). Marie is a nurse in a hospice.^[1][7][8][9] Nash learned to play the piano while at at Sandbach School. She was raised as a Roman Catholic and attended St. John Fisher School, Pinner, before moving onto the St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth. She was also taught guitar by Saskia van Berkel and studied Theatre at the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in South London. She auditioned at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, but was rejected. Soon afterward, she fell down a flight of stairs, breaking her foot. During her recovery, she was housebound and unable to move, so her mother bought her an electric guitar. Nash used this time to focus on her songwriting: she began to write some new songs, finish old ones and decided that she would book a gig at a local bar ("Trinity") in Harrow to showcase her songs.^{[citation needed]}

Music career[link]

Nash in 2006.

"Caroline's a Victim" (2005-2006)[link]

Nash started her career in 2005. After several gigs, she uploaded her music to MySpace, found a manager and then producers for her music.

Nash's debut was a single, "Caroline's a Victim"/"Birds", produced and recorded in Iceland by Valgeir Sigurðsson and released through Moshi Moshi Records in February 2007. The release was limited to 1,000 copies and available only on 7" vinyl. Due to demand, another 1,000 copies were made and these also sold out. CD-promo copies were produced for distribution to the press and DJs and are occasionally available for sale. The single is featured on the CD Moshi Moshi Singles Compilation. A video for the song, directed by Kinga Burza, was released and received airplay on MTV2. The single's B-side, "Birds", later featured on her début album Made of Bricks. Both tracks have also been released as MP3 downloads.

[edit] Made of Bricks (2007-2009)

In April 2007, Nash was signed to the Polydor offshoot Fiction Records.^[10] Her second single "Foundations", which she co-wrote with producer Paul Epworth, was released by Fiction on 18 June 2007 and reached number two in the official UK Singles Chart. Following this success, Fiction announced plans to bring forward the release of Nash's début album Made of Bricks to 6 August 2007. The album, also produced by Paul Epworth, included many of the tracks she had been performing during her two nationwide tours.

Made of Bricks was leaked to filesharing networks a few days before its official commercial release and subsequently received mixed reviews, with The Independent describing it as being in "pole position for worst album of the year."^[11] It proved, however, to be successful and reached number 1 in the UK album charts.^[12]

During mid-2007, Nash performed at numerous festivals, including the Wireless Festival, Bestival, Electric Gardens, Glastonbury, Latitude, Reading and Leeds, Oxegen and T in the Park. She made her official TV performance début on Later with Jools Holland.

Throughout late 2007 and early 2008, Nash released three more singles from the Made of Bricks. "Mouthwash" and "Pumpkin Soup" both made the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart. Although her fifth single "Merry Happy" didn't chart well in the UK, the song enjoyed some success in other countries, including the USA and Canada. The album topped out at number 36 on the United States Billboard 200 chart on 26 January 2008.^[13] In 2010, Made of Bricks was certified Gold in Germany.^[14]

[edit] My Best Friend Is You (2009-2011)

Nash performing in May 2010

In late March 2009, Nash revealed that she was in the early stages of recording her second album. She was introduced by her boyfriend Ryan Jarman to Bernard Butler, the producer for Duffy's debut album Rockferry and a former guitarist for Suede. He began working with Nash, working in the studio with her over a period of months and producing her second album.^[15] In August 2009, the pair worked on eight songs at RAK Studios for the album.^[16]

On 14 January 2010, Nash revealed that the second album was complete. On 11 February, a song from the album, "I Just Love You More", was available to download free from her official website.^[17]

On 11 March 2010, Nash announced her nine-date North American tour that began on 26 April with the all-female travelling festival Lilith Fair to promote her new album My Best Friend Is You. Her opening act was Supercute!, a psychedelic pop teen girl trio from New York City.^[18][19][20] She is also scheduled to take part in the 2010 V Festival.^[21]

The first single from the album was called "Do-Wah-Doo", and was released on 12 April 2010. The album was released on 20 April. The sound was described as completely different from her debut album and having a "Girl Group" sound, taking influence from Motown stars such as Diana Ross and The Supremes. Nash explained that maturity is the reason for the change in musical style.^[22] The album has been described as having a wide variety of sounds from wall of sound, Motown to No Wave and Riot Grrrl.^[23][24][25] As of 11 May, the album was number 6 in Germany and number 16 in Europe.^[26] As of 27 May, the album was at number 62 in the United States.^[27]

On 24 February 2011, her concerts in Circo Voador, Rio de Janeiro and in HSBC Hall, São Paulo were the first contact with her Brazilian fans. It was so intense that Nash has said on stage "Here (Rio de Janeiro) was the happiest place I have ever been. You are beautiful, incredible" and promised a return soon.^[28] On her Twitter, she finally declared "Rio, you're just too good to be true. I must be dreaming. Thanks for giving me the best concert of my life".^[29]

Third studio album (2012-present)[link]

On 2 May 2012, Nash announced the "Faster Pussycat Run Run Tour", which will see her play 12 shows across the UK throughout June 2012.^[30] Her third studio album will be released later in the year.^[31] She will also star in two feature films this year, details of which are yet to be announced.^[31]

Other music career activities[link]

Nash performing in June 2007

Nash co-wrote a song titled "Almost Isn’t (Good Enough) Is It?" with Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players member Jason Trachtenburg for his 2009 album File Under Pop Male Vocal.^[32]

As a side project in late 2009, she joined a punk band called The Receders where she plays bass.^[22] On 17 December 2009, the band played a live gig on the stage of 93 Feet East.^[33] Nash likes to refer to the band as her "side project" as she says for 2010 she will be mainly focusing on her solo material. Her music was used as part of an exhibition at the British Library tracing the history of Cockney English. The exhibition, which runs from 12 November 2010 through 11 April 2011, uses Nash's music to demonstrate today's younger urban mode of Cockney English.^[34]

On 23 March 2010 Nash, a founding director of the Featured Artists Coalition, a musicians' lobbying group,^[35][36] launched the Kate Nash's Rock n Roll for Girls After-School Music Club as a platform to inspire teenage girls to get into songwriting and making their own music, due to the shortage of female artists in the UK- something that shocked and motivated Nash the previous year. On her UK tour of 2011, Nash visited schools such as City of Portsmouth Girls' School, Woodchurch High School, Avonbourne High School and John Madejski Academy.^[37]

Nash has worked with the teen indie pop band, SUPERCUTE!, producing their first album.^[38] Nash also appeared in the band's music video for their first single, "Dumb-Dumbs". Nash has also worked with indie act Brigitte Aphrodite (who has toured with Kate on many occasions) on Nash's label 'Have 10p Records', releasing Aphrodite's début single 'I Dream Myself Awake' in 2011.

Nash has recently recorded and written a song with the St. Pauls Cathedral Protesters with Sam Duckworth of Get Cape, Wear Cape, Fly.

Willow Smith tweeted in April 2012, "So cool meeting @katenash today. Can't wait to work together!" along with a photograph of the pair. Kate then tweeted back confirming the pair would be meeting again the following Friday.

Personal life[link]

In 2008, following intensive touring, Nash had what she described as a "proper breakdown", including a relapse of the mild obsessive-compulsive disorder which she had experienced as a child.^[1] She has railed against the "anaemic" model figure, noting in an interview with the Daily Telegraph that she herself is a "curvy size 12".^[39]

On 2 September 2009, Nash began using her MySpace and Facebook pages to help spread the word of a young girl called Tilly who lost her hands due to meningococcal disease. She used an auction on eBay to help donate money to the five-year-old girl's parents so that she can afford a pair of [prosthetic?] hands.^[40]

During the 2011 England riots, Nash volunteered to collect donations for those made homeless by riots in Tottenham, setting up her own public donation stand and delivering donations to Tottenham Leisure Centre in her car.^[41]

Nash has made appearances in two films due to be released in 2012, as well as a short horror film which has appeared on several websites online.

Discography[link]

• Made of Bricks (2007)
• My Best Friend Is You (2010)

Awards and nominations[link]

On February 20, 2008, she received a BRIT Award for Best Female artist.^[42]

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kate Nash

External links[link]

• Official Kate Nash website
• Photos of her concert in Paris in 2010

Jack Dorsey
Dorsey at the 2012 Time 100 Gala.
Born	(1976-11-19) November 19, 1976 (age 35)[1] St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Residence	San Francisco, California, U.S.
Occupation	software designer, entrepreneur
Net worth	$650 million (est.) [2]

Jack Dorsey (born November 19, 1976) is an American software architect and businessman widely known as the creator of Twitter and as the founder and CEO of Square, a mobile payments company.^[3] In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.^[4]

Early years[link]

Dorsey grew up in St. Louis, Missouri,^[5] and by age 13, he had become interested in dispatch routing. Some of the open source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by many taxi cab companies.^[5] He went to high school at Bishop DuBourg High School and attended the Missouri University of Science and Technology before subsequently transferring to New York University, where he first conceived the idea for Twitter.^[6]

While working on dispatching as a programmer he later moved to California.^[7][8]

Biz Stone and Dorsey accepting a Crunchie award for best mobile startup

In Oakland in 2000, Dorsey started his company to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.^[9] His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".^[9] In July 2000, building on dispatching^[5] and inspired in part by LiveJournal and possibly by AOL Instant Messenger, he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.^[9]

When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey had wondered if the software's user status output could be shared among friends easily.^[5] He approached Odeo, who at the time happened to be interested in text messaging.^[5] Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.^[5] The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams^[5] who had left Google after selling them Pyra Labs and Blogger.

Twitter, Inc.[link]

Dorsey in 2008.

Dorsey at a Twitter Town Hall during 2011 alongside United States President Barack Obama.

Dorsey, Stone, and Williams co-founded Obvious which then spun off Twitter, Inc.^[5] As chief executive officer, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by the venture capitalists who backed the company.^[10] On October 16, 2008^[11] Williams took over the role of CEO, and Dorsey became chairman of the board.^[12] On March 28, 2011, Dorsey returned to Twitter as Executive Chairman.^[13]

As the service grew in popularity, Dorsey chose improving uptime as top priority,^[14] even over creating revenue – which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.^[15] Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features.^[15] His three guiding principles, which are shared by the whole company and through its culture, are simplicity, constraint and craftsmanship.^[15]

Square, Inc.[link]

This section requires expansion.

Dorsey developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit cards on a mobile device called Square. The small, square-shaped device attaches to iPhone, iPad or Android devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to give to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS.^[16]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jack Dorsey

• Jack Dorsey on Twitter

v t e Twitter Clients List of Twitter services and applications Echofon HootSuite Pwytter Plume Seesmic SimplyTweet Tween Tweetbot TweetCaster TweetDeck Tweetie Twitdom Twitterrific UberTwitter Executives Jack Dorsey (executive chairman) Evan Williams (director) Biz Stone (creative officer) Dick Costolo (CEO) Board Jack Dorsey Dick Costolo Evan Williams Peter Fenton Mike McCue David Rosenblatt Peter Currie Software FlockDB Kestrel Starling Other Twitter usage  · by celebrities and politicians Twitter bomb Favstar Gnip Golden Tweet Award Shorty Awards TwitPic

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The Foundations were a British soul band, active from 1967 to 1970. The group, made up of West Indians, White British, and a Sri Lankan, are best known for their two biggest hits, "Baby Now That I've Found You" (a Number One hit in the UK Singles Chart and Canada, and subsequently Top 10 in the US), written by Tony Macaulay and John MacLeod; and "Build Me Up Buttercup" (a number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 1 in Canada), co-written by Macaulay with Mike d'Abo, at the time the lead vocalist with Manfred Mann. The group was the first multi-racial group to have a number 1 hit in the UK in the 1960s.^[1]

The Foundations are notable for being one of the few label acts to successfully imitate what became known as the Motown Sound. In terms of line-up and musical style, they anticipated the sound of the more successful Hot Chocolate. They were in a similar musical vein as Love Affair, who also topped the UK charts in 1968 with their version of Robert Knight's "Everlasting Love". The Foundations signed to Pye, at the time one of only four big UK record companies (the others being EMI with its HMV, Columbia Records, and Parlophone labels; Decca; and Philips who also owned Fontana).^[2]

Biography[link]

Origins[link]

The Foundations drew much interest and intrigue due to the size and structure of the group. Not only was there a diverse ethnic mix in the group, but there was also diversity in ages and musical backgrounds. The oldest member of the group was Mike Elliott, who was 38 years old. The youngest was Tim Harris, who, at 18, was barely out of school. The West Indian horn section, which consisted of Jamaican-born Mike Elliott and Pat Burke, both saxophonists and Dominican-born Eric Allendale on trombone. They were all highly experienced musicians who came from professional jazz and rock-and-roll backgrounds. Mike Elliott had played in various jazz and rock and roll bands including Tubby Hayes and Ronnie Scott,^[3] the Cabin Boys (led by Tommy Steele's brother, Colin Hicks), and others. Pat Burke, a professional musician, was from the London Music Conservatorium. Eric Allendale had led his own band at one stage as well as having played with Edmundo Ros and being a former member of the Terry Lightfoot^[4] and Alex Walsh bands. Alan Warner, the guitarist, was also an experienced musician for his age, having played with numerous semi-pro groups from the age of 16.^[5] Bassist Peter Macbeth was a former teacher. Tony Gomez, the keyboard player, was a former clerk, while Clem Curtis had been an interior decorator and professional boxer.

The story of the origins of the Foundations can be somewhat surprising and a bit confusing as to who was responsible for choosing the band's name, and various sources give slightly different accounts of their beginnings. One version is that they were originally called The Ramong Sound,^[5][6] or The Ramongs, and there were two lead singers, Clem Curtis and Psychedelic shock rocker Arthur Brown.^[7] Other variations on this are that after they dropped the "Ramong" from their name, they were then called The Foundation Squad or The Foundation Sound.^[5] Apparently, Arthur Brown was only a temporary member for about one month, and by the time the Foundations had signed to Pye, he had left the group.

The Foundations actually did come together in Bayswater, London in January 1967. They practiced and played in a basement club called the Butterfly Club, which they ran.^[8] While managing the club themselves, they played music nightly, and handled the cooking and cleaning. They would get to bed around 6 or 7 a.m., sleep until 4 p.m., get up and begin again to get ready to open at 8 p.m. Sometimes they barely made enough money to pay the rent, let alone feed themselves. At times, they lived off the leftovers and a couple of pounds of rice.^[9] They stayed there until they were eventually forced out by a protection racket gang and then had to move next door to a dingy unused mini-cab office.^[10]

Career from 1967[link]

While the biography on Allmusic states that Barry Class was the first to discover them,^[1] Alan Warner, the original founding member and lead guitarist of The Foundations and former Ramongs member states that it was actually Fairway who saw them in the dingy office and then introduced them to Class.^[10] Either way, both Fairway and Class teamed up to become their managers.^[11] Class took care of the business management, while Fairway went out promoting and trying to secure gigs for the group.^[10]

When they were at the top spot with "Baby, Now That I've Found You", Fairway commented to Melody Maker that most management would pull them out of the "bargain priced dates" that were booked for some time. He expressed gratitude to everyone for their support, and said that they would fulfill every engagement for which they had signed.^[3]

Not long after "Baby, Now That I've Found You" became a hit, rock historian Roger Dopson describes what followed as a "behind the scenes struggle",^[3] where Fairway was "pushed out" and his partner, Barry Class, remained as sole manager of the group. Fairway later attempted to sue the band, alleging that he was wrongfully dismissed, though the band said that he had resigned of his own accord.^[12] Dopson also noted that Fairway also leaked a story to the media saying that the Foundations had broken up which only served to keep the Foundations name in the news headlines.^{[3] [13]} Fairway and Class eventually introduced them to Pye A&R man Tony Macaulay.^[10] The day Macaulay came to hear them play, he was suffering from what he described as the worst hangover of his life. The band was playing so loud he could not judge how good they were, but he decided to give them a chance.^[3] He would later comment in the book, 1000 UK #1 Hits by Jon Kutner and Spencer Leigh, that he woke up that morning with a stinking headache, and when he got to the studio and heard The Foundations, he thought they were pretty terrible. He decided his hangover was to blame, and so he gave them the benefit of the doubt.^[14]

At first they found progress quite slow, and one of their sax players, Pat Burke, had to drop out of the band and take another job while they went through a rough patch. He did rejoin them again later in 1967.^{[15] [16]}

They did a couple of tours backing The Toys and later Motown Records' Edwin Starr.^[10] Curtis doubted if this group called The Toys was the original Toys let alone American. They were noticed by Brian Epstein who added them to the roster of his NEMS Agency but the contract became void when he died.^[17]

When "Baby Now That I've Found You" was first released it went nowhere. Luckily the BBC's newly founded BBC Radio 1 were looking to avoid any records being played by the pirate radio stations and they looked back at some recent releases that the pirate stations had missed. "Baby, Now That I've Found You" was one of them. The single then took off and by November was number one in the UK Singles Chart.^[2] This was the ideal time because of the soul boom that was happening in England since 1965 and with American R&B stars visiting the UK, interest and intrigue in The Foundations was generated. Their second single released in January 1968, "Back On My Feet Again", did not do as well but made it to #18 in the UK,^[2] and #29 in Canada. Also in January 1968 they were invited to put down some tracks for John Peel's radio show. One of the tracks that they laid down was a cover of ? and the Mysterians garage classic 96 Tears.^[18][19] On the same day PP Arnold was in the studio with Dusty Springfield and Madeline Bell as her backing vocalists.^[18]

Around this time after the release of their second single, there were tensions developing between the band and their songwriter/producer, Tony Macaulay. He would not allow them to record any of their own songs.^[1] In an interview, the band's organ player, Tony Gomez, told NME Magazine in an interview that he, Peter MacBeth, and Eric Allendale had some ideas that they wanted to put together. Curtis later recalled that Macaulay was a problem. "Tony Macaulay was very talented, but could be difficult to get on with. When we asked to record some of our own material - just as B sides, we weren't after the A side - he called us 'ungrateful' and stormed out of the studio."^[3] The group felt that Macaulay had reined in their "real" sound, making them seem more pop-oriented than they were.^[1] Tony Macaulay was later to recall, "I was never close to The Foundations. I couldn't stand them, and they hated me! But the body of work we recorded was excellent."^[3]

A third single, also released in 1968 "Any Old Time (You're Lonely and Sad)", reached #48.^[2]

Curtis and Elliott leave group[link]

Original vocalist Curtis left in 1968, because he felt that a couple of the band's members were taking it a bit too easy, thinking that because they had now had a hit, they did not have to put in as much effort as they had previously.^[1] Saxophonist Mike Elliott also left around this time and was never replaced. Curtis hung around and helped them audition a replacement singer. They auditioned 200 singers. It was reported in a New Musical Express article in 1968 that Curtis while being interviewd at a festival had mentioned that they were trying out Warren Davis to replace him. He said he wouldn't leave the band until they found a replacement.^[20] He had become friendly with Sammy Davis, Jr. and was encouraged to try his luck in the United States. He moved to the US for a solo career on the club circuit, encouraged by the likes of Wilson Pickett and Sam & Dave, playing Las Vegas with the Righteous Brothers. His successful replacement was Colin Young.

New lead singer[link]

With Young the band had two more big hits; "Build Me Up Buttercup" which was their third hit in 1968 and "In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)" which was a hit in April 1969,^[2] and reached #23 in Canada May 5 that year.

At the height of their popularity, the Foundations management were in negotiations and a UK TV company for a television series that would star members of the band. They had turned down a number of offers to appear in films because of script unsuitability.^[21]

Bassist Peter Macbeth left the band in 1969, to join the group Bubastis with Bernie Living,^[22][23] and was replaced by Steve Bingham.

Beginning of 1970 to the breakup in late 1970[link]

After a successful run of hits, The Foundations broke off with their management and a Bill Graham sponsored tour to support The Temptations at the newly opened Copacabana club. This ended up in disaster and the band came back to the UK in low spirits. It had been previously reported in a publicity sheet around early December 1969 that the band had broken away from their manager Barry Class. Jim Dawson who was formerly their agent and Mike Dolan took over the group's affairs.^[24] The group's final hits were "Born to Live, Born to Die" which was written by Eric Allendale and Tony Gomez.^[25] and "My Little Chickadee", a US only hit which barely made the hot 100. Another member joined the band in 1970. Paul Lockey who had been with Robert Plant in Band Of Joy joined as their bass guitarist.^[26]

"My Little Chickadee" proved to be the band's last hit. In spite of releasing "Take A Girl Like You", the title song to the Oliver Reed and Hayley Mills film, and a heavy blues rock song "I'm Gonna Be A Rich Man", the band split in late 1970.^[27]

1971 to the end of the 1970s[link]

The last record released in the early 1970s as The Foundations was a single "Stoney Ground" b/w "I'll Give You Love" MCA MCA 5075 1971.^[28] By that time the original band had already split up and Alan Warner had been a member of Pluto since joining and helping to form the English progressive rock band in 1970.^[10] There would be two more singles released as The Foundations in the mid to late 1970s.

When Curtis returned to the UK, he formed a new version of the group with little success in spite of releasing several singles, but later had a lucrative spell on the 1960s nostalgia circuit. Curtis' re-formed Foundations have on several occasions and among the many musicians to be part of latter day Foundations were Bill ^[29] and John Springate, the latter becoming a member of The Glitter Band,^[30] Derek "Del" Watson, Paul Wilmot (all members of the band "ELEGY") and Roy Carter who later on joined Heatwave.^[31]

Also in the 1970s there would be a collaborative attempt between two former members of the Foundations. Original Foundations trombonist Eric Allendale attempted to work with original Foundations Foundations drummer Tim Harris.^[32]

In the mid 1970s, while Clem Curtis and The Foundations were on the road, there was also another Foundations line up that was led by Colin Young who were on the road at the same time, who were playing basically the same material. This eventually led to court action which resulted in Curtis being allowed to bill his group as either The Foundations or Clem Curtis & The Foundations. Young was allowed to bill himself as The New Foundations or Colin Young & The New Foundations.^[3]

Also in the mid 1970s, Young and his group, The New Foundations, released a lone single on Pye, "Something For My Baby" / "I Need Your Love".^[3] There were actually two more singles released in the late 1970s as the Foundations. They were "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love" / "Love Me Nice And Easy" and "Closer To Loving You" / "Change My Life" on the Summit and Psycho labels.^[33] These featured Curtis as the lead singer.

Various sources erroneously state that there was an early 1970s English line up that had nothing, or little to do with, the original Foundations. However, Curtis has been leading a new line up of the Foundations since coming back to the UK and reforming the group in the early 1970s.

1980s to present[link]

In or around the late 1980s Curtis and Alan Warner teamed up to recut "Baby, Now That I've Found You" as well as other hits of The Foundations.^[3]

There has also been another line up formed in 1999 that included Young (vocals), Alan Warner (Guitar), Steve Bingham (bass), Gary Moberly (keyboards), Tony Laidlaw (sax) and Sam Kelly then Steve Dixon (drums). This version of the group was reformed due to the popularity of the film There's Something About Mary and the interest created resulting from the 1968 hit "Build Me Up Buttercup" being featured in the film. Some time later Young left this version of the group and was replaced by Hue Montgomery (aka Hugh Montgomery).

Known as Alan Warner's Foundations, this group is on tour in 2012 either in their own right or with The New Honeycombs, Terry Rice-Milton of Cupid's Inspiration, Billie Davis and Keith Powell.

Curtis still appears at venues and tours as Clem Curtis & The Foundations as he has done during the past four decades.

There is a bogus American group using the Foundations name and includes original Foundations hits as part of their repertoire. This group has no connection with the group that recorded the hits on Pye.^{[citation needed]}

Former personnel[link]

The Foundations[link]

• Clem Curtis: lead vocals - born 28 November 1940,^[34] Trinidad, West Indies.
• Colin Young: lead vocals - b. 12 September 1944, Barbados, West Indies - replaced Clem Curtis in 1968.
• Arthur Brown: vocals - b. 24 June 1942 Whitby, Yorkshire, Member for approximately one month in 1967
• Alan Warner: lead guitar - b. 21 April 1947,^[34] Paddington, west London.
• Peter Macbeth: bass guitar - b. Peter McGrath, 2 February 1941,^[34] Marylebone, North London.
• Steve Bingham: bass guitar - b. 4 April 1949, Solihull, Warwickshire.
• Tim Harris: drums - b. 14 January 1948,^[34] St John's Wood, North London - Died 2007
• Tony Gomez: keyboards - b. 13 December 1938,^[34] Colombo, Ceylon - (now Sri Lanka).
• Pat Burke: tenor saxophone/flute - b. 9 October 1937,^[34] Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies.
• Mike Elliott: tenor saxophone - b. 6 August 1929,^[34] Jamaica, West Indies. - Left in 1968
• Eric Allandale: trombone - b. Eric Allandale Dubuisson, 4 March 1936,^[34] Dominica, West Indies — died 23 August 2001.
• Paul Lockey: bass guitar^[35] - joined in 1970 for nine months

Guests[link]

• Mike D'Abo :piano - b. Michael David D'Abo, 1 March 1944, Betchworth, Surrey. Co-wrote and guested on "Build Me Up Buttercup" contributing piano.
• John Mcleod: piano

Clem Curtis & The Foundations[link]

• Clem Curtis: vocals
• James Colah: keyboards
• Michael J. Parlett: saxophone
• Alan Warner: guitar ^[3]
• Roy Carter: bass guitar ^[36]
• George Chandler: backing vocals
• Valentine Pascal: electric guitar

1970s line-up[link]

• Clem Curtis: Vocals
• Bill Springate: guitar
• John Springate: Vocals
• Del Watson: Bass
• Paul Wilmot : Drums
• John Paul: ? ^[37]

1977 line-up[link]

• Clem Curtis: Vocals
• Leroy Carter
• John Savile
• Valentine Pascal
• Georges Delanbanque ^[38]

Discography[link]

Summary of single releases

From the bands beginning to their breakup near the end of 1970, the Foundations released ten singles in the UK including two versions of the same song. A good deal of the songs on the singles were composed by Tony Macaulay and John Macleod. They had four significant hits from these plus a minor hit with one of their own compositions, "Born To Live, Born To Die" and another minor hit with "My Little Chickadee" in the United States. There were other titles announced that were either never recorded or were never released. They were "Our Love Went Thataway",^[39] "Tear Jerker, Music-worker, You" which was to be released around the same time as "Better By Far" by Lulu and "No Place On Earth Could Find You" ^[40][41] In 1971 the single "Stoney Ground" was released. It is believed that this single was actually by Colin Young and his new backing band Development. It seems quite likely as the Colin Young and Development debut single "Any Time At All" pre-dates "Stoney Ground". In the mid and late seventies there were two more singles released under the Foundations name. They were "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love" and "Closer To Loving You" which featured the Northern Soul classic "Change My Life" as the B side. These last two singles to bear the Foundations name featured Clem Curtis once more as the lead vocalist.

Summary of album releases

During the 1960s the Foundations recorded and released four LPs in the United Kingdom. Before the release of their debut album, it was originally announced, in the October 1967 of Beat Instrumental Monthly that the debut album's title was to be Sound Basis.^[9] However, when it was released on Pye, it had the title of From The Foundations. The American version of this album, which was released on the UNI label, was given the title of Baby, Now That I've Found You. This album featured Curtis on lead vocals. The next release was in 1968. It was a live LP called Rocking The Foundations, and also featured Curtis on lead vocals plus two instrumentals "The Look of Love" and "Coming Home Baby". Also in 1968, another LP was released on the Marble Arch label. This featured re-recordings of their previous hits and songs, but with Young on vocals instead of Curtis. It also featured a version of "Build Me Up Buttercup". There was also an American album called Build Me Up Buttercup. This was a compilation of Foundations tracks. Side one consisted of tracks from their Rocking The Foundations album; and side two consisted of "Build Me Up Buttercup", the B side of that single, plus some earlier Foundations tracks. The group's last LP release was in 1969, which featured their hit "In The Bad Bad Old Days", and the minor US hit "My Little Chickadee". Since then there have been various compilations of the Foundations songs, released on both the Golden Hour and PRT labels.

UK singles[link]

• "Baby, Now That I've Found You" / "Come On Back to Me" - Pye 7N 17366 - 1967 - UK #1, US #11
• "Back On My Feet Again" / "I Can Take Or Leave Your Loving" - Pye 7N 17417 - 1968 - UK #18
• "Any Old Time (You're Lonely And Sad)" / "We Are Happy People" - Pye 7N 17503 -1968 - UK #48
• "Build Me Up Buttercup" / "New Direction" Pye 7N 17636 - 1968 - UK #2, US #3
• "In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)" / "Give Me Love" - Pye 7N 17702 - 1969 - UK #8
• "Born to Live, Born to Die" / "Why Did You Cry" - Pye 7N 17809 1969 - UK #46
• "Baby, I Couldn't See" / "Penny Sir" - Pye 7N 17849 - 1969
• "Take A Girl Like You" / "I'm Gonna Be A Rich Man" - Pye - 7N 17904 - 1970
• "I'm Gonna be a Rich Man" / "In The Beginning" Pye 7N 17956 - 1970
• "Stoney Ground" / "I'll Give You Love" - MCA MKS 5075–1971
• "Where Were You When I Needed Your Love" / "Love Me Nice And Easy" - Summit SU 100
• "Closer To Loving You" / "Change My Life" - Psycho P 2603–1978
• "Baby Now That I've Found You" / "Build Me Up Buttercup" - Old Gold OG9407 - (1979 Re-release)
• "Baby Now That I've Found You" / "Build Me Up Buttercup" - Flashback FBS 6 - (1979 Re-release)
• "Baby Now That I've Found You" (1989 Re Mix) / "Build Me Up Buttercup" - PRT PYS 24 - 1989
• "Build Me Up Buttercup" - CD single - (1998 Re-release) - UK #71

^{[2] [33]}

UK albums[link]

• From the Foundations - Pye NSPL 18206 - 1967
• Rocking the Foundations - Pye NSPL 18227 - 1968
• The Foundations - Marble Arch MALS 1157–1968
• Digging the Foundations - Pye NSPL 18290 - 1969
• Golden Hour of the Foundations (Greatest Hits) - GH 574 - 1973
• Back to the Beat - PRT DOW7 - 1983
• Best Of - PRT PYL 4003–1987

UK EPs 7"[link]

• "It's All Right" - Pye NEP24297 - 1968
• "Mini Monster" - Pye PMM.103

UK EPs 12"[link]

• "Baby, Now That I've Found You" - Pye Big Deal BD 107 - (4 tracks)
• "Baby, Now That I've Found You" - PRT Pyt 24 - 1989 - (3 tracks incl remix)

UK CDs[link]

• Golden Hour Of The Foundations - Knight Records KGH CD 104 - 1990
• Strong Foundations - The Singles and More - Music Club - MCCD 327 - 1997
• Build Me Up Buttercup - Castle Select SELCD 527 - 1998
• Baby, Now That I've Found You - Sequel Records - NEECD 300 - 1999
• Build Me Up Buttercup (The Complete Pye Collection) [Remastered] - Castle - 2004

US singles[link]

• "Baby Now That I've Found You" / "Come On Back To Me" - Uni 55038 - 1967
• "Back On My Feet Again" / "I Can Take Or Leave Your Loving" - Uni 55058 - 1968
• "Any Old Time (You're Lonely And Sad)" / "We Are Happy People" - Uni 55073 -1968
• "Build Me Up Buttercup" / "New Direction" - Uni 55101 - 1968
• "In The Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)" / "Give Me Love" - Uni 55117 - 1969
• "Born To Live, Born To Die" / "Why Did You Cry" - Uni 55162 - 1969 - UK #46
• "My Little Chickadee" / "Solomon Grundy" - Uni 55137 - 1969
• "Take A Girl Like You" / "I'm Gonna Be A Rich Man" - Uni 55210 - 1970
• "Stoney Ground" / "I'll Give You Love" - Uni 55315 - 1971
• "Build Me Up Buttercup" / "Baby, Now That I've Found You" - Eric 192 (Re-release)

US albums[link]

• Baby Now That I've Found You - Uni 3016 (Mono)/73016 (Stereo) - 1967
• Build Me Up Buttercup - Uni 73043—1968
• Digging The Foundations - Uni 73058—1969

Canadian singles[link]

• "Baby Now That I've Found You" - Pye 827—1968 - #1
• "Back On My Feet Again" - Pye 833 - #29
• "Build Me Up Buttercup" - Pye 17636 - #1
• "In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)" - Pye 17702 - #23

References[link]

Reference links and other information[link]

• The Crazy World Of Arthur Brown http://www.richieunterberger.com/brown.html
• Alex Gitlin Pluto page http://www.alexgitlin.com/npp/pluto.htm
• Gary Moberley info http://web.archive.org/web/20091027104142/http://geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Diner/2674/moberley_gary_a.htm
• Pluto Website http://www.pluto-rockband.com/70141/info.php?p=2&pno=0
• Alan Warner site page http://www.alan-warner.com/10102/info.php?p=4&pno=0
• Ride Your Pony http://rideyourpony-twighlightzone.blogspot.com/2007/09/group-made-up-of-west-indians.html
• Mike D'Abo Foundations http://www.mikedabo.com/foundations.htm
• Buddah Records @ Disco-Disco.com http://www.disco-disco.com/labels/buddah.shtml
• www.javirunner-brightsideofthemoon.blogspot.com Info on Barry Class
• www.tamworthbands.com Info on Barry Class

External links[link]

• Clem Curtis & The Foundations web site
• Alan Warner's Foundations official website
• The Foundations at Allmusic
• The Foundations discography at Discogs
• Clem Curtis web site
• Clem Curtis on Myspace
• Alan Warner site page
• Interview with Clem Curtis

Ian Somerhalder
Born	Ian Joseph Somerhalder (1978-12-08) December 8, 1978 (age 33) Covington, Louisiana, U.S.
Occupation	Actor, model
Years active	1997–present

Ian Joseph Somerhalder (born December 8, 1978) is an American actor and model, best known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost and Damon Salvatore in the TV drama The Vampire Diaries.

Early life[link]

Somerhalder was born and raised in Covington, Louisiana, the son of Edna, a massage therapist, and Robert Somerhalder, an independent building contractor.^[1] Raised Catholic, he attended St. Paul's, a private Catholic school in Covington. He embarked on a modeling career from age 10 to 13,^[2] and by the age of 17 he decided to go into acting.

Career[link]

Paul Wesley, Nina Dobrev and Ian Somerhalder

In the summer of 2000, Somerhalder starred in the short-lived WB series Young Americans, a spin-off of Dawson's Creek. He played Hamilton Fleming, the son of the dean of a prestigious boarding school. In 2002, Somerhalder played bisexual character Paul Denton in Roger Avary's adaptation of Bret Easton Ellis' novel, The Rules of Attraction, alongside James Van Der Beek, Shannyn Sossamon, and Jessica Biel.

In 2004, Somerhalder scored his breakthrough role when he played Boone Carlyle in the hit TV show Lost. Despite his character's death in the twentieth episode of the first season, Somerhalder returned to the role of Boone for seven more episodes between 2005 and 2010, including the series finale. Somerhalder was the first actor to be cast in a role for the series and the first character to die.

In 2009, Somerhalder appeared in the movie The Tournament where he played the role of an assassin participating in a lethal competition with other assassins. On 10 October 2009, it was announced that he will star in the Gothic movie Cradlewood, which is to be directed by Harry Weinmann.^[3] The movie is set to be released in 2013.^[4] He appears in the coffee table book About Face by celebrity photographer John Russo.^[5][6]

In June 2009 Somerhalder was cast in the role of Vampire Damon Salvatore as a series regular in The CW television drama series The Vampire Diaries. The series premiere attracted The CW's highest premiere ratings of any season premiere since the network began in 2006. The series has continued to be the highest rated series on its channel with both Somerhalder's performance and show receiving a positive response from critics. Somerhalder has received a Teen Choice Award for his participation on the series. The shows third and most recent season premiered on September 15, 2011.^[7]

Personal life[link]

While working on The Vampire Diaries, Somerhalder began dating his co-star Nina Dobrev.^[8]

Philanthropy[link]

Somerhalder was involved in the cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling disaster on April 22, 2010. His efforts included cleaning of oiled wildlife and taping public service announcements to let the public know how they could help.^[9] Somerhalder also supports the St. Tammany Humane Society, an organization for animal shelter and welfare. On November 13, 2010, he hosted a Bash on the Bayou charity fundraiser for the Society. During the event, Somerhalder was presented with a donation of $11,100 by The Vampire Diaries fandom for his birthday project.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Together with his The Vampire Diaries co-stars Candice Accola and Michael Trevino, Somerhalder supports the It Gets Better Project, which makes it a goal to prevent suicide among LGBT youth^[14] associated with The Trevor Project.^[15]

Somerhalder announced, via Twitter and in various interviews that he was setting up The Ian Somerhalder Foundation (launched on December 8, 2010, Somerhalder's 32nd birthday), which he hopes will educate people on the importance of protecting the environment and animals: "Instead of gifts this year, my birthday wish is that we come together and raise funds to support projects that protect our habitat and nurture our furry friends.^[16][17]

Filmography[link]

Awards[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ian Somerhalder

• Ian Somerhalder at the Internet Movie Database
• Ian Somerhalder on Twitter