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Marzabotto
—  Comune  —
Comune di Marzabotto
Marzabotto acropolis
Marzabotto Location of Marzabotto in Italy
Coordinates: 44°20′20″N 11°12′20″E / 44.33889°N 11.20556°E / 44.33889; 11.20556
Country	Italy
Region	Emilia-Romagna
Province	Bologna (BO)
Frazioni	see list
Government
• Mayor	Edoardo Masetti (since June 2004)
Area
• Total	74 km2 (29 sq mi)
Elevation	130 m (430 ft)
Population (31 January 2010)
• Total	6,754
• Density	91/km2 (240/sq mi)
Demonym	Marzabottesi
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	52100
Dialing code	051
Patron saint	St. Joseph and St. Charles
Saint day	March 19
Website	Official website

Marzabotto is a small town and comune in Italian region Emilia-Romagna, part of the province of Bologna. It is located 27 km SSW of Bologna by rail, and lies in the valley of the Reno. A massacre of inhabitants took place there in World War II.

History[link]

Map of the site

In and below the grounds of the Villa Aria, close to the city, are the remains of an Etruscan town of the 5th century BC, Misa, protected on the west by the mountains, on the east and south by the river, which by a change of course has destroyed about half of it. The acropolis was just below the villa: here remains of temples were found.

The town lay below the modern high-road and was laid out on a rectangular plan divided by main streets into eight quarters, and these in turn into blocks or insulae. Cemeteries were found on the east and north of the site. The name of the place is unknown: it was partially inhabited later by the Gauls, but was not occupied by the Romans.

Massacre[link]

On September 29, 1944, during the World War II German occupation of Italy, the town was the site of the worst massacre of civilians committed by the Waffen SS in Italy. In reprisal of the local support given to the partisans and the resistance movement, soldiers of the SS-Panzer-Aufklärungsabteilung 16, killed systematically hundreds of civilians in Marzabotto, and in the adjacent Grizzana Morandi and Monzuno. The town was awarded with the Gold Medal to Military Valour for this episode.

References[link]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links[link]

Marzabotto temples

• Comune di Marzabotto on-line (in Italian)
• The Two Etruscan Necropolis of Marzabotto and their Sacred Ties with Montovolo by Graziano Baccolini

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Giuseppe Dossetti (13 February 1913 – 15 December 1996) was an Italian jurist, a politician and from 1958 onward a Catholic priest.

The antifascist and politician[link]

Dossetti was born in Genoa.

When he was young he joined Azione Cattolica ("Catholic Action") and he obtained a law degree at 21 years of age. Moved by profound political and moral beliefs, antifascist, he joined the Italian Resistance under the name of "Benigno" and became President of the Committee for National Liberation of Reggio Emilia, even if he always refused to use weapons.

When fascist dictatorship in Italy ended, he became professor of Ecclesiastic law at University of Modena.

His political career was very fast. In 1945 he became vice-secretary of Democrazia Cristiana and on 2 June 1946 was elected to become part of the "Costituente" (the political body in charge of drafting the new Italian republican constitution), of which he became one of the most active members. Exactly he took part of the first Subcommission in charge of the "rights and duties of the citizens". On 1946, with Amintore Fanfani, Giorgio La Pira and Giuseppe Lazzati (described, not without a bit of deprecation, as "little professors") he founded the association Civitas Human.

Dossetti was anyway an atypical politician. He decided to not rerun for the 1948 elections and changed idea only to obey to Monsignor Montini (Pope Paolo VI). His evangelist positions were more or less opposed to the Alcide De Gasperi's more pragmatic ones. He was against NATO accession of Italy, which he considered dangerous, and in favour of social reforms aimed at helping the poorer parts of the population. Dossetti was presented to the Congress with over one third consesus. The contraposition with De Gasperi was very clear. He accepted the challenge and returned as Vicesecretary of the party. During the following years he was actively involved in working at many reforms, including the Cassa del Mezzogiorno.

He left politics in 1951 and he returned for a while in 1956 just to run for mayor in Bologna, in which City Council he will stay for the following two years.

The priest[link]

In the meantime, on 6 January 1956, he became priest after that, some months before, the Church authorities approved the monastic community of the "Piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata", founded by him and based on "silence, prayer, work and poverty". After three years he received the Ordine Sacro Sacerdotale.

During the Sixties he contributed as a collaborator of Cardinal Lercaro but since his presence was not welcome by some sectors of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, he chose to retire in silence. According to Cardinal Giacomo Biffi, Dosseti's personal role during the Second Vatican Council was of great importance, because he contributed to making the Council less conservative and traditional than what was originally planned.^[1]

During the following years his community expanded: from the first section near Bologna, in Terrasanta, to Giordania in Casaglia di Montesole.

He reappeared in public in 1994, when he expressed publicly his worries for the proposed modifications of the Italian constitution.

Dossetti died two years later, on 15 December, 1996.

[edit] Books by Giuseppe Dossetti (in Italian)

Books about politics[link]

Sentinella, quanto resta della notte? Commemorazione di G. Lazzati nell'anniversario della morte, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1994

• A. Melloni (cur.), La ricerca costituente (1945-1952), Il Mulino, Bologna, 1994
• I valori della Costituzione, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1995
• G. Trotta (a cura di), Scritti politici (1943-1951), San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1995
• R. Villa (a cura di), Giuseppe Dossetti. Due anni a Palazzo d'Accursio. Discorsi a Bologna 1956-1958, Aliberti editore, Reggio Emilia, 2004

Books about religion[link]

• A. Alberigo - G. Alberigo (a cura di), Con Dio e con la storia. Una vicenda di cristiano e di uomo, Marietti, 1986
• Non restare in silenzio, mio Dio, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1987
• G. Dossetti - U. Neri, La gioia del cristiano, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1987

Credo in un solo Dio padre onnipotente. Il problema di Dio, il mondo spirituale e l'idolatria, il fine soprannaturale dell'uomo, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1990 Credo in un solo Signore Gesù Cristo, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1991 Credo in un solo Signore Gesù Cristo. Figlio di Dio crocifisso, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1992

• C. M. Martini - G. Dossetti - U. Neri, Come un bambino in braccio alla madre. Atti del Convegno (il 17 febbraio 1993), San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1993
• Conversazioni, In Dialogo, 1994
• L' esegesi spirituale secondo d. Divo Barsotti, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1995
• Il concilio ecumenico Vaticano II. Prolusione inaugurale per l'anno accademico 1994-'95 dello Studio teologico interdiocesano di Reggio Emilia, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 1995

Il Vaticano II. Frammenti di una riflessione, Il Mulino, 1996

• Piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata (a cura di), La parola e il silenzio. Discorsi e scritti 1986-1995, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997
• Eucaristia e città, AVE, 1997
• Piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata (a cura di), Un solo Signore. Esercizi spirituali, EDB, 2001
• Piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata (a cura di), L' identità del cristiano, EDB, 2001
• G. Alberigo - G. Ruggieri (a cura di), Per una «Chiesa eucaristica». Rilettura della portata dottrinale della costituzione liturgica del Vaticano II. Lezioni del 1965, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2002
• Piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata (a cura di), La parola di Dio seme di vita e di fede incorruttibile, EDB, 2002
• Il viaggio della vita. Un cammino spirituale per uscire dalla tossicodipendenza e diventare uomini, EDB, 2003
• La piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata. Le origini e i testi fondativi 1953-1986, Paoline Editoriale Libri, 2004
• Omelie del tempo di Natale, Paoline Editoriale Libri, 2004
• Piccola famiglia dell'Annunziata (a cura di), Omelie e istruzioni pasquali 1968-1974, Paoline Editoriale Libri, 2005

Books about law[link]

• Grandezza e miseria del diritto della Chiesa (raccolta di scritti), Il Mulino, Bologna, 1996

References[link]

1. ^ Cardinal Biffi Breaks Another Taboo. On Dossett

• A. Alberigo - G. Alberigo, Con tutte le tue forze. I nodi della fede cristiana oggi. Omaggio a Giuseppe Dossetti, Marietti, 1993
• Vincenzo Saba, Quella specie di laburismo cristiano. Dossetti, Pastore, Romani e l'alternativa a De Gasperi (1946-1951), Edizioni Lavoro, 1996
• Giuseppe Lazzati, Lazzati, Dossetti, il dossettismo, AVE, 1997
• Vittorio Peri, La Pira, Lazzati, Dossetti. Nel silenzio la speranza, Studium, 1998
• G. Alberigo (a cura di), Giuseppe Dossetti. Prime prospettive e ipotesi di ricerca, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1998
• O. Marson - R. Villa (a cura di), Giuseppe Dossetti. Il circuito delle due parole, Nuova Dimensione, 2000
• P. Acanfora - L. Santoro (a cura di), Giuseppe Dossetti, Morcelliana, 2002
• M. Tancini (a cura di), Fondo «Cronache Sociali» 1947-1952. Con annessi documenti del vicesegratario della Democrazia Cristiana (1945-1951) Giuseppe Dossetti, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2002
• Associazione Giorgio La Pira (a cura di), Con tutto il cuore, con tutta l'anima e la mente. Per ricordare e ripensare agli insegnamenti di don Giuseppe Dossetti, San Lorenzo, Reggio Emilia, 2002
• Leopoldo Elia - Pietro Scoppola, A colloquio con Dossetti e Lazzati. Intervista (19 novembre 1984), Il Mulino, Bologna, 2003
• Achille Ardigò, Giuseppe Dossetti e il Libro bianco su Bologna, EDB, 2003
• L. Giorgi, Una vicenda politica. Giuseppe Dossetti 1945-1956, Edizioni Scriptorium, Milano, 2003
• Giorgio Campanini, Dossetti politico, EDB, 2004
• Salvatore Fangareggi, Il partigiano Dossetti, Aliberti editore, Reggio Emilia, 2004

Martin Schulz
President of the European Parliament
Incumbent
Assumed office 17 January 2012
Vice President	14 Alexander Alvaro (ALDE) Roberta Angelilli (EPP) Isabelle Durant (G/EFA) Othmar Karas (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (S&D) Edward McMillan-Scott (ALDE) Georgios Papastamkos (EPP) Gianni Pittella (S&D) Anni Podimata (S&D) Jacek Protasiewicz (EPP) László Surján (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Oldřich Vlasák (ECR) Rainer Wieland (EPP)
Preceded by	Jerzy Buzek
Leader of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
In office 5 July 2004 – 17 January 2012
Preceded by	Enrique Barón Crespo
Succeeded by	Hannes Swoboda
Member of the European Parliament for Germany
Incumbent
Assumed office 19 July 1994
Personal details
Born	(1955-12-20) 20 December 1955 (age 56) Hehlrath, West Germany (now Germany)
Political party	Social Democratic Party
Website	Official website

Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party of Germany, since 2004 leader of the Socialists in the European Parliament (formerly called the Party of European Socialists group and since 2009 called the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats). Martin Schulz has a secondary level of education, he attended high school Heilig Geist Gymnasium in Würselen. He is the current President of the European Parliament.

Career[link]

• 1975-1977: Apprentice bookseller
• 1977-1982: Worked in various bookshops and publishing houses
• 1982-1994: Bookshop proprietor
• 1991-1999: Member of the SPD Party Council
• since 1995: Member of the Mittelrhein SPD Executive
• since 1996: Chairman of the Aachen District SPD
• since 1999: Member of the SPD Federal Executive
• 1984-1999: Municipal Councillor, Würselen
• 1987-1998: Mayor of Würselen
• since 1994: Member of the European Parliament
• 1994-1996: PES Group coordinator, Subcommittee on Human Rights
• 1996-2000: PES Group coordinator, Committee on Civil Liberties and Home Affairs
• 2000-2004: Chairman of the German Socialist (SPD) delegation, European Parliament
• 2002-2004: First Vice-Chairman of the PES Group
• since 2009: Chairman of the PES and then S&D Group
• since 2012: President of the European Parliament

Education and professional career[link]

After four years at primary school, from 1962 to 1966, Schulz attended the Heilig-Geist (Holy Spirit) grammar school in Broich (now Würselen), a district of the town of Broichweiden, for nine years, leaving without his Abitur (A-levels). From 1975 to 1976 he then trained to be a bookseller ^[1].

Over the next five years he worked for a number of publishing houses and bookshops, and in 1982 he opened his own bookshop in Würselen, which he ran until 1994.

Besides German, he speaks French and English^[2] and understands Dutch.

Political career[link]

In 1974, at the age of 19, Schulz joined the SPD, became involved with the Young Socialists and in 1984 was elected to the Würselen Municipal Council, remaining a member for just over two electoral terms, to 1998, from 1987 onwards as mayor. At 31, he was then the youngest mayor in North Rhine-Westphalia. He held that office until 1998.

During his period of office as mayor of Würselen Martin Schulz was responsible in particular for the building of the Aquana aquatic leisure centre. In view of the town’s budget problems, this decision has long been seen as controversial.

In the 1994 European elections Schulz was elected to the European Parliament and between 2000 and 2004 was chair of the SPD delegation. Following the 2004 European elections he took over the leadership of the PSE Group, succeeding the Spaniard Enrique Barón Crespo. Since 13 November 2009 he has been the SPD’s European Coordinator, responsible for improving cooperation within the party between the EU and national levels. He is also a member of the cross-party organisation Europa-Union Deutschland^[3]. On 17 January 2012 Schulz was elected President of the European Parliament.

Berlusconi incident[link]

On July 2, 2003, one day after taking over the rotating presidency of the EU Council of Ministers, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi of Italy was heavily criticised by MEP Martin Schulz because of Berlusconi's domestic policy. Berlusconi replied:

"Signor Schulz, so che in Italia c'è un produttore che sta montando un film sui campi di concentramento nazisti: la suggerirò per il ruolo di kapò. Lei è perfetto!“

In English: "Mister Schulz, I know of a movie-producer in Italy who is making a film about Nazi concentration-camps. I will recommend you for the part of a Kapo (concentration-camp inmate appointed as supervisor). You are perfect!"

Berlusconi later claimed he was referring to the comedy-series Hogan's Heroes, where a slow-witted character named Sgt. Hans Georg Schultz, played by John Banner, starred.

Even though Berlusconi insisted that he was just ironic,^[4] his comparisons with the Nazis caused a brief diplomatic rift between Italy and Germany.

Incident with Godfrey Bloom[link]

On 24 November 2010 the British MEP Godfrey Bloom caused a row in the European Parliament when he interrupted a speech by Martin Schulz, heckling him with the Nazi propaganda slogan ‘Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer’ (‘one people, one empire, one leader’) and accusing him of being an ‘undemocratic fascist’. In the debate on the future of the Euro Stability Pact Schulz had criticised the role played by the United Kingdom, which was involved in the discussions despite not being a member of the eurozone, and said that some eurosceptics would take pleasure in the collapse of the European Union. Following the incident, the President of Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, excluded Bloom from the Chamber^[5]. The Dutch MEP Barry Madlener, from the right-wing populist Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV - Freedom Party), then protested against that decision, on the grounds that Schulz himself had recently described the PVV MEP Daniël van der Stoep as a fascist, but had not been excluded from the Chamber^[6].

President of the European Parliament[link]

Following the 2009 European elections Schulz came to public attention when he insisted that his group should not immediately approve a second term of office for European Commission President Barroso and instead, together with the Chair of the Green Group in the European Parliament, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, proposed the Belgian Liberal Guy Verhofstadt as a candidate for that office^[7]. Following reassurances by Barroso, Schulz dropped his categorical opposition to him, insisting only that he should make certain political concessions to the Social Democrats^[8]. As a result, the majority of the group abstained on the confidence vote to Barroso.

An informal agreement was reached between the Conservative PPE Group and the PSE Group that in 2012 Schulz should succeed the Polish PPE Member Jerzy Buzek as President of the European Parliament. In early June 2011 Schulz then formally announced his candidacy for that office^[9].

On 17 January 2012, Martin Schulz was elected President of the European Parliament, with 387 votes in favour out of 670 cast^[10]. On 15 September 2011 Members of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament had unanimously nominated Schulz as their candidate for President of the European Parliament^[11]. Other candidates were Nirj Deva (142 votes) and Diana Wallis (141 votes).

Honours and decorations[link]

• 2010: Officer of the French Légion d’honneur
• On 18 May 2009 Martin Schulz was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Kaliningrad State Technical University. The university thus honoured his longstanding commitment to improving relations between Europe and Russia and his support for the development of what is still the only interdisciplinary and intercultural university course in European studies in Russia.
• 2006: Federal Cross of Merit (First Class)

Private life[link]

Martin Schulz is married with two children. In addition to reading, his main hobby is supporting the football club FC Köln.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Martin Schulz

• Official homepage
• Website of Martin Schulz's political group in European Parliament
• European Parliament biography of Martin Schulz (incl. Speeches, Questions and Motions)
• Declaration (PDF) of financial interests (German)

v t e Presidents of the European Parliament Common Assembly: 1952–1958 Paul-Henri Spaak · Alcide De Gasperi · Giuseppe Pella · Hans Furler Parliamentary Assembly: 1958–1962 Robert Schuman · Hans Furler European Parliament (Appointed): 1962–1979 Gaetano Martino · Jean Duvieusart · Victor Leemans · Alain Poher · Mario Scelba Walter Behrendt · Cornelis Berkhouwer · Georges Spénale · Emilio Colombo European Parliament (Elected): 1979–present Simone Veil · Piet Dankert · Pierre Pflimlin · Henry Plumb · Enrique Barón Crespo · Egon Klepsch · Klaus Hänsch · José María Gil-Robles · Nicole Fontaine · Pat Cox · Josep Borrell · Hans-Gert Pöttering · Jerzy Buzek · Martin Schulz Commission President  · President of the European Council  · Council Presidency  · President of Parliament