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Austrian Empire
http://wn.com/Austrian_Empire -
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War (in Germany known as German War, Seven Weeks War, Unification War, German Civil War or Fraternal War) was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the other, that resulted in Prussian dominance over the German states. In the Italian unification process, this is called the Third Independence War.
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Baden-Württemberg
http://wn.com/Baden-Württemberg -
Baltic States
http://wn.com/Baltic_States -
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (, ; ; ), is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of , it is by far the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine Westphalia) with almost 12.5 million inhabitants, more than any of the three sovereign states on its borders. Bavaria's capital is Munich.
http://wn.com/Bavaria -
Bergen
Bergen () is the second largest city in Norway with a population of as of , . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland county. Greater Bergen or Bergen Metropolitan Area as defined by Statistics Norway, has a population of as of , .
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Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin -
Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston () is a town and small port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. It is the largest town of the wider Borough of Boston local government district and has a total population of 58,124. It is due north of Greenwich on the Prime Meridian.
http://wn.com/Boston_Lincolnshire -
Brandenburg
Brandenburg (; Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam. Brandenburg surrounds but does not include the national capital and city-state of Berlin.
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Bremen (state)
The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen, ) is the smallest of Germany's 16 states. A more informal name, but used in some official contexts, is Land Bremen ('State of Bremen').
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Bristol
Bristol () is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,006,600 residents, it is England's sixth, and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
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Bryggen
Bryggen (Norwegian for the Wharf), also known as Tyskebryggen (the German Wharf) is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings lining the eastern side of the fjord coming into Bergen, Norway. Bryggen has since 1979 been on the UNESCO list for World Cultural Heritage sites. The name has the same origin as the Flemish city of Brugge.
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Copenhagen
Copenhagen (, , , or ; or ) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,181,239 (2010) and a metropolitan population of 1,894,521 (2010). Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager. With around 2.7 million inhabitants within a 50 km radius, Copenhagen is one of the most densely populated areas in Northern Europe.
http://wn.com/Copenhagen -
Coventry
Coventry ( or ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry has risen to 309,800 as of 2008.
http://wn.com/Coventry -
Darłowo
http://wn.com/Darłowo -
Denmark
http://wn.com/Denmark -
Deventer
is a municipality and city in the Salland region of the Dutch province of Overijssel. Deventer is largely situated on the east bank of the river IJssel, but also has a small part of its territory on the west bank. In 2005 the municipality of Bathmen (pop. 5,000) was merged with Deventer as part of a national effort to reduce bureaucracy in the country.
http://wn.com/Deventer -
Dithmarschen
http://wn.com/Dithmarschen -
East Germany
The German Democratic Republic (GDR; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik or DDR), informally called East Germany by the West, was the socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany and in the East Berlin portion of the Allied-occupied capital city. The German Democratic Republic, which consisted geographically of northeast Germany rather than all of eastern Germany, had an area of 107,771 km2. (41,610 mi.2), bordering Czechoslovakia in the south, West Germany (officially: Federal Republic of Germany) in the south and west, the Baltic Sea to the north, and Poland in the east.
http://wn.com/East_Germany -
Elbląg
http://wn.com/Elbląg -
Falsterbo
http://wn.com/Falsterbo -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Gdańsk
http://wn.com/Gdańsk -
Gdynia
http://wn.com/Gdynia -
German Confederation
The German Confederation or Germanic Confederation () was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, which had been abolished in 1806. In 1848, revolutions by liberals and nationalists occurred in an attempt to establish a unified German state. Talks between the German states failed in 1848, and the confederation briefly dissolved but was re-established in 1850.
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German Empire
http://wn.com/German_Empire -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Gothenburg
Gothenburg (; pronounced ) is the second-largest city in Sweden (after Stockholm) and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the southwest coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 509,847, with 510,491 in the urban area and total of 922,938 inhabitants in the metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Gothenburg -
Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a coastal town in Norfolk, England. It is at the mouth of the River Yare, east of Norwich.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (; , local pronunciation Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg ) is the second-largest city in Germany and the eighth-largest city in the European Union. The city is home to over 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (including parts of the neighboring Federal States of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein) has more than 4.3 million inhabitants. The port of Hamburg is the third-largest port in Europe (third to Port of Antwerp and Rotterdam), and the eighth largest in the world.
http://wn.com/Hamburg -
Herzogtum Lauenburg
http://wn.com/Herzogtum_Lauenburg -
Hesse
Hesse () or Hessia ( , Hessisch: Hesse ) is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.
http://wn.com/Hesse -
Holstein Kiel
Holstein Kiel (KSV Holstein or Kieler SV Holstein) is a German football and sport club based in the city of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein. Through the 1910s and 1920s the club was a dominant side in northern Germany winning six regional titles and finishing as runners-up another six times. Holstein also made regular appearances in the national playoffs, finishing as vice-champions in 1910 before capturing their only German title in 1912. They remained a first division side until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963.
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Holstein-Stadion
Located in the port city of Kiel in Northern Germany, Holstein-Stadion is the home of Holstein Kiel, a soccer club currently playing in Germany's 3rd Liga. It is also the home of the GFLs Kiel Baltic Hurricanes.
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Ipswich
Ipswich () (previously Gyppeswick in variant spellings) is a non-metropolitan district and the county town of Suffolk, England. It is located on the estuary of the River Orwell. Nearby towns are Felixstowe in Suffolk and Harwich and Colchester in Essex.
http://wn.com/Ipswich -
Kaliningrad
http://wn.com/Kaliningrad -
Kampen, Overijssel
http://wn.com/Kampen_Overijssel -
Kiel Canal
http://wn.com/Kiel_Canal -
Kiel Fjord
http://wn.com/Kiel_Fjord -
Kiel, Wisconsin
Kiel is a city in Calumet and Manitowoc Counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 3,450 at the 2000 census. The city is located mostly within Manitowoc County, though a portion extends west into adjacent Calumet County.
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King's Lynn
'''King's Lynn''' () is a sea port and market town in the ceremonial county of Norfolk in the East of England. It is situated north-east of London and west of Norwich. The population of the town is 42,800.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull ( usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of ().
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Kołobrzeg
http://wn.com/Kołobrzeg -
Kraków
http://wn.com/Kraków -
Königsberg
http://wn.com/Königsberg -
Laboe Naval Memorial
The Laboe Naval Memorial is a memorial located in Laboe, near Kiel, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Started in 1927 and completed in 1936, the monument originally memorialized the World War I war dead of the Imperial German Navy, with the dead of World War II being added after 1945. In 1954, it was rededicated to commemorate the sailors of all nationalities who died during the World Wars.
http://wn.com/Laboe_Naval_Memorial -
Leith
Leith ( ; ) is a district and former municipal burgh in the north of the city of Edinburgh at the mouth of the Water of Leith and is the port of Edinburgh, Scotland. It lies on the south shore of the Firth of Forth, in the unitary local authority of the City of Edinburgh.
http://wn.com/Leith -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony ( ) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, is still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.
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Malmö
http://wn.com/Malmö -
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne (locally ) (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
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Nordfriesland
http://wn.com/Nordfriesland -
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway -
Oslo
http://wn.com/Oslo -
Ostholstein
http://wn.com/Ostholstein -
Pinneberg (district)
Pinneberg is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Steinburg and Segeberg, the city (and state) of Hamburg and the state of Lower Saxony (district Stade).
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Plön (district)
http://wn.com/Plön_(district) -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Polotsk
Polotsk (Polatsk, , , ), is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. It is the center of Polotsk district in Vitsebsk Voblast. Its population is more than 80,000 people. It is served by Polotsk Airport and during the Cold War was home to Borovitsy air base.
http://wn.com/Polotsk -
Rhineland-Palatinate
:This article is about the German Bundesland Rhineland-Palatinate, or Rheinland-Pfalz. For the historical territory of the Elector Palatine, see Electoral Palatinate. For the 19th century territory, see Upper Palatinate (also known as Oberpfalz). For other uses, see Palatinate (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Rhineland-Palatinate -
Riga
Riga (, ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia, a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltics, and an important seaport, situated on the mouth of the Daugava. With 706,413 inhabitants (2010) it is the largest city of the Baltic states and third-largest in the Baltic region, behind Saint Petersburg and Stockholm (counting residents within the city limits). Riga's territory covers and lies between above sea level, on a flat and sandy plain.
http://wn.com/Riga -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Saarland
http://wn.com/Saarland -
Saint Petersburg
http://wn.com/Saint_Petersburg -
Saxony
http://wn.com/Saxony -
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt (, ) is a state of Germany. It has an area of and a population of 2.4 million (more than 2.8 million in 1990). Its capital is Magdeburg.
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Schleswig
http://wn.com/Schleswig -
Schleswig-Flensburg
http://wn.com/Schleswig-Flensburg -
Schleswig-Holstein
http://wn.com/Schleswig-Holstein -
Segeberg
http://wn.com/Segeberg -
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Sparkassen-Arena
The Sparkassen-Arena (formerly known as Ostseehalle) is an indoor arena, in Kiel, Germany.
http://wn.com/Sparkassen-Arena -
Stargard Szczeciński
http://wn.com/Stargard_Szczeciński -
Steelyard
The Steelyard, from the German Stalhof, was in the Middle Ages the main trading base of the Hanseatic League in London.
http://wn.com/Steelyard -
Steenbek-Projensdorf
Steenbek-Projensdorf is a quarter located in the northwest of Kiel, about 5 - 10 kilometres outside of the city centre.
http://wn.com/Steenbek-Projensdorf -
Steinburg
http://wn.com/Steinburg -
Stockholm
http://wn.com/Stockholm -
Stormarn
http://wn.com/Stormarn -
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden -
Szczecin
:For other meanings, see Szczecin (disambiguation) and Stettin (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Szczecin -
Słupsk
http://wn.com/Słupsk -
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 411,196. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, west of Saint Petersburg.
http://wn.com/Tallinn -
Tartu
http://wn.com/Tartu -
Thuringia
The Free State of Thuringia (, ) is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country. It is known as the "[http://www.eu2007.de/de/Germany/Bundeslaender/Thueringen/province.html green heart of Germany]", due to the dense forest that covers the terrain. It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states. The capital is Erfurt.
http://wn.com/Thuringia -
Toruń
http://wn.com/Toruń -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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Unterseeboot 995
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Vaasa
Vaasa () is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Today, Vaasa has a population of {{Formatnum: () (approximately 90,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia.
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Venice
Venice ( , Venetian: Venesia) is a city in northern Italy known both for tourism and for industry, and is the capital of the region Veneto, with a population of about 272,000 (census estimate 1 January 2004). Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area (population 1,600,000).
http://wn.com/Venice -
Visby
Visby is a locality and the seat of Gotland Municipality in Gotland County, Sweden with 22,236 inhabitants in 2005. It is the only one with historical city status on the island of Gotland; it is arguably the best-preserved medieval city in Scandinavia and has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Among the most notable historical remains are the 3.4 km long stone wall called Ringmuren ("the Ring Wall"), that encircles the city and the old church ruins.
http://wn.com/Visby -
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (, ) is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was Deutsches Reich (sometimes translated as German Empire, but Reich can also mean realm or federal level of government), however, and it was usually known in English simply as Germany. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on 11 August of that same year. Germany's period of liberal democracy lapsed in the early 1930s, leading to the ascent of the NSDAP and Adolf Hitler in 1933. Although the constitution of 1919 was never officially repealed, the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as Gleichschaltung ("coordination") meant that the government could legislate contrary to the constitution. The constitution became irrelevant; thus, 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Hitler's Third Reich.
http://wn.com/Weimar_Republic -
Wrocław
http://wn.com/Wrocław -
York
York () is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence.
http://wn.com/York -
Zwin
The Zwin is a nature reserve at the North Sea coast, on the Belgian-Dutch border. It was founded in 1952. It has an area of 1.25 square kilometres in Knokke-Heist, Belgium and 0.33 square kilometres in Sluis, Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Zwin -
Århus
http://wn.com/Århus
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Alfred Brinckmann
Alfred Brinckmann (3 January 1891 – 30 May 1967) was a German chess International Master, author and functionary from Kiel.
http://wn.com/Alfred_Brinckmann -
Andreas Köpke
http://wn.com/Andreas_Köpke -
August Howaldt
August Ferdinand Howaldt (23 October 1809 – 4 August 1883) was a German engineer and ship builder.
http://wn.com/August_Howaldt -
August Leskien
August Leskien (July 8, 1840 – September 20, 1916) was a German linguist active in the field of comparative linguistics, particularly relating to the Baltic and Slavic languages.
http://wn.com/August_Leskien -
Britta Carlson
Britta Carlson (born 3 March 1978) is a German football midfielder who currently plays for VfL Wolfsburg. She has also been capped for the German national team.
http://wn.com/Britta_Carlson -
Bruno Diekmann
Bruno Diekmann (April 19, 1897 – January 11, 1982) was a German politician (SPD) from Kiel and Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein (1949-1950).
http://wn.com/Bruno_Diekmann -
Cora E.
http://wn.com/Cora_E -
Dieter Laser
Dieter Laser (born 17 February 1942, Kiel, Germany) is a German actor.
http://wn.com/Dieter_Laser -
Eric Braeden
http://wn.com/Eric_Braeden -
Ernst Barlach
http://wn.com/Ernst_Barlach -
Ernst Busch (actor)
Ernst Busch (born January 22, 1900 in Kiel, died June 8, 1980 in Berlin) was a German singer and actor.
http://wn.com/Ernst_Busch_(actor) -
Ernst Steinitz
http://wn.com/Ernst_Steinitz -
Ernst von Salomon
http://wn.com/Ernst_von_Salomon -
Ferdinand Tönnies
http://wn.com/Ferdinand_Tönnies -
Feridun Zaimoglu
http://wn.com/Feridun_Zaimoglu -
Francisco Copado
http://wn.com/Francisco_Copado -
Gerhard Stoltenberg
http://wn.com/Gerhard_Stoltenberg -
Hans Geiger
Johannes (Hans) Wilhelm (Gengar) Geiger (September 30, 1882 – September 24, 1945) was a German physicist. He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger-Marsden experiment which discovered the Atomic nucleus.
http://wn.com/Hans_Geiger -
Harro Schulze-Boysen
http://wn.com/Harro_Schulze-Boysen -
Heike Henkel
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Heike_Henkel -
Heiner Zieschang
http://wn.com/Heiner_Zieschang -
Heinrich Dahlinger
Heinrich "Hein Daddel" Dahlinger (30 October 1922 – 2 February 2008) was a world-class German field handball player and entrepreneur of a wood sale company. With his winning of the Goldpokal on his boat the "Daddel" in 1963 he was the unofficial champion of Nordic Folkboat.
http://wn.com/Heinrich_Dahlinger -
Heinrich Heesch
Heinrich Heesch (June 25, 1906 – July 26, 1995) was a German mathematician. He was born in Kiel and died in Hanover.
http://wn.com/Heinrich_Heesch -
Heinz Reincke
Heinz Reincke (b. May 28, 1925 in Kiel, Germany) is a German actor. Currently he lives in Vienna, Austria.
http://wn.com/Heinz_Reincke -
Helmut Lemke
http://wn.com/Helmut_Lemke -
Henri Lehmann
Henri Lehmann (14 April 1814 – 30 Mar 1882) was a German-born French historical painter and portraitist.
http://wn.com/Henri_Lehmann -
Hermann Michel
http://wn.com/Hermann_Michel -
Judith Malina
Judith Malina (born June 4, 1926) is an American theater and film actor, writer, and director, who was one of the founders of The Living Theatre.
http://wn.com/Judith_Malina -
Kim Dotcom
http://wn.com/Kim_Dotcom -
Manfred Stahnke
Manfred Stahnke (born 30 October 1951) is a German composer and musicologist from Kiel. He writes chamber music, orchestral music and stage music. His music is notably known for his use of microtonality.
http://wn.com/Manfred_Stahnke -
Marina Lewycka
Marina Lewycka (born 1946, Kiel) is a British novelist of Ukrainian origin, currently living in Sheffield, England.
http://wn.com/Marina_Lewycka -
Max Planck
Max Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German physicist. He is considered to be the founder of the quantum theory, and thus one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
http://wn.com/Max_Planck -
Michael F. Feldkamp
Michael F. Feldkamp, (born April 23, 1962) is a German historian and journalist.
http://wn.com/Michael_F_Feldkamp -
Oswalt Kolle
http://wn.com/Oswalt_Kolle -
Otto Kretschmer
Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 – 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War, and was the most successful Ace of the Deep. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships for a total of 274,333 tons. For this he received the Knights Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other commendations. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto" both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of the U-boats as well as for his reluctance to make radio broadcasts during patrols.
http://wn.com/Otto_Kretschmer -
Peter III of Russia
http://wn.com/Peter_III_of_Russia -
Rudolf Hell
http://wn.com/Rudolf_Hell -
Sidney Sam
Sidney "Sid" Sam (born 31 January 1988 in Kiel) is a German footballer of Nigerian descent currently playing for Bayer Leverkusen.
http://wn.com/Sidney_Sam -
Sigrid Hunke
http://wn.com/Sigrid_Hunke -
St Nicholas
http://wn.com/St_Nicholas -
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist, and writer generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902, and was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code (BGB).
http://wn.com/Theodor_Mommsen -
Thilo Martinho
Thilo Martinho (born Thilo Herrmann, 1960 in Kiel/Germany) is a german musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter.
http://wn.com/Thilo_Martinho -
Tomma Abts
Tomma Abts (born 1967 in Kiel, Germany) is an abstract painter who lives and works in London, England. She won the Turner Prize in 2006.
http://wn.com/Tomma_Abts -
Ulrich Schnauss
Ulrich Schnauss (born 1977) is an electronic musician and producer based in Germany.
http://wn.com/Ulrich_Schnauss -
Walther Müller
http://wn.com/Walther_Müller -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I
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The legend of "KIEL" begins here... (9.10.07)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:40
- Published: 16 Sep 2007
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
I don't think I even need to explain why we all love KIEL or why he resembles a certain creature we all know and love. Watch and you'll understand.
http://wn.com/The_legend_of_KIEL_begins_here_91007
B76 Stadtautobahn Kiel, Germany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Published: 18 May 2011
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
The B76 is a "Stadtautobahn" or Urban Motorway through the city of Kiel, Germany. Kiel is a major port city with several ferries to Scandinavia and the Baltics. The B76 is an expressway with a large number of exits, and is the most important urban expressway in the state of Schleswig-Holstein.
http://wn.com/B76_Stadtautobahn_Kiel,_Germany
Kiel -- Three Travel Tips | Discover Germany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Published: 31 Oct 2011
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
Many envy Michael Gruber for his workplace -- which is located between the seals and the fish at the Kiel Aquarium. He shows us his favorite sights in the city. He shows us his favorite sights in Kiel. More in video on demand.
http://wn.com/Kiel_-_Three_Travel_Tips_|_Discover_Germany
EUROPE @ Veux EHF Final 4 2012 Kiel vs Atletico Madrid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 161:30
- Published: 01 Jun 2012
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Europe were the special guest band to open and to close the final game of the Handball Champions League "Veux EHF Final 4" in Köln, Germany May 2012 Timestamps for the 4 songs played live: 01:30 The Final Countdown 2:09:35 Not Supposed To Sing The Blues (new single from "Bag of Bones") 2:15:28 Superstitious 2:31:12 Rock The Night Kiel won over Atletico Madrid by 26 to 21
http://wn.com/EUROPE_@_Veux_EHF_Final_4_2012_Kiel_vs_Atletico_Madrid
Sailing Germany: Kiel Canal Transit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:53
- Published: 05 Jun 2009
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
On May 23rd we began our transit of the Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee-Kanal). We needed to go with the tide again to get up the river to the Brunsbüttel locks, but we also wanted to sleep in and use a little more of the wireless Internet we had paid for the night before, so we didnt leave until 10:45 am With the current, our motor, and some wind, we made good time, reaching at locks around 1:00 pm Youre supposed to call for permission to transit when you get there, so I did that, all the while watching all the boats that had left ahead of us head into the lock. Whew! They told us to hurry up and get in there and they would wait. It was a full lock, and we rafted up with a Danish boat after squeezing past a huge motor yacht that was rafting with another huge yacht. Id been hoping to raft with the British boat Gulliver II that Id talked with the night before, but we couldnt manage that. One of the Dutch boats would have been good too. Mostly, I wanted to be able to communicate with the people a little. Of course, the Danes spoke English, and they were very nice, so it was no problem. The Kiel Canal is rather pretty. It is lined with trees with bicycle paths on both sides. There seem to be a lot of campgrounds along it too. All of the bridges are high with at least 40-meter clearance. It made us realize that we hadnt simply gone under a bridge since the Panama Canal; they always had to open for us. Motoring along at 5 knots, we were passed by all of the other boats who locked <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Sailing_Germany_Kiel_Canal_Transit
Smalltown Kiel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Published: 15 Feb 2012
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
A day in the life of Kiel, in miniature by René Raab. Smalltown Kiel is a movie about the city Kiel in northern Germany. It shows a day in the life of the city by miniaturization via Tilt-Shift Effect. No Tilt-Shift lens was used, the effect is pure postproduction in Adobe After Effects. It was shot with a Canon 60D. Smalltown Kiel ist ein Film über die Stadt Kiel, der einen Tag bzw. fast ein Jahr, im Leben der Stadt zeigt und diese dabei miniaturisiert. Dabei findet der sogenannte Tilt-Shift-Effekt Anwendung, der normale Bilder wirken lässt als seien es Bilder von kleinen Modellbauten. Der Effekt ist rein digital und per Nachbearbeitung in Adobe After Effects enstanden. Ein echtes Tilt-Shift-Objektiv stand leider nicht zur Verfügung. Gefilmt und fotografiert wurden alle Bilder mit einer Canon 60D. Music by www.nutritionontape.com Entstanden ist der Film im Rahmen eines freien Projekts im Studiengang Multimedia Production an der Fachhochschule Kiel. Mehr Text und Bilder zum Video gibt es hier: www.absolutraven.de
http://wn.com/Smalltown_Kiel
NoMoBS - The Anthem (Shab Kiel)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Published: 04 Jan 2012
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
NoMoBS - No Mo' BullShit EP DOWNLOAD: www.mediafire.com Opname/mix: Mike & Salah Producer: Salah
http://wn.com/NoMoBS_The_Anthem_Shab_Kiel
Kiel Mead, Jewelry and Furniture Designer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Published: 25 May 2008
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
A Pratt graduate who cut his teeth in the Brooklyn design scene, jewelry and furniture maker Kiel Mead represents the next generation of New York designers. Taking inspiration from such disparate sources as everyday objects (car keys, chewing gum, retainers) and Catholic iconography (Saint Sebastian, crucifixes), his work mixes irreverence with first-rate craftsmanship. In this video, we visit his Brooklyn studio where he shows us his work and walks us through his thought process. We also head to Brooklyn's renowned design outpost, The Future Perfect, to see his show with German design duo 45 Kilo called "Cleanliness is Next to Godliness."
http://wn.com/Kiel_Mead,_Jewelry_and_Furniture_Designer
Sac City Basketball - Kiel Myers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Published: 20 May 2011
- Updated: 30 May 2011
Sac City basketball sophomore forward Kiel Myers highlights
http://wn.com/Sac_City_Basketball_Kiel_Myers
James Bond Jaws moonraker tram fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Published: 15 Oct 2006
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
video of jaws and bond fighting on the trams.
http://wn.com/James_Bond_Jaws_moonraker_tram_fight
a-ha - "Stay on These Roads" Kiel concert (2/15)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Published: 30 Dec 2008
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
15 September 2007, a-ha played a free concert in the town of Kiel.
http://wn.com/a-ha_Stay_on_These_Roads_Kiel_concert_2_15
Kiel Express - Hapag Lloyd Ship
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Published: 21 Dec 2011
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
The spectacular site of the Kiel Express - Hapag Lloyd Ship, sailing in to the Georgia Port on the Savannah River.
http://wn.com/Kiel_Express_Hapag_Lloyd_Ship
David Letterman with Richard "Jaws" Kiel - from 1985!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Published: 19 Oct 2011
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
From 1985, here is part of a David Letterman show with 7-foot-2 Richard Kiel, who played "Jaws" in two James Bond movies!!
http://wn.com/David_Letterman_with_Richard_Jaws_Kiel_from_1985!!
Freeze Mob - MobMent - Kiel / Germany 01.11.08
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Published: 03 Nov 2008
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
FlashMob in Kiel Germany. 1. MobMent by Alexander Main and Niels Fleischhauer. The video shows over 400 people being still for 5 minutes at the Train Station in Kiel. We were on TV after that ! :)
http://wn.com/Freeze_Mob_MobMent_Kiel_Germany_011108
Auf Kiel - Special Edition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Published: 10 May 2008
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
'Auf Kiel' with LEGO ®
http://wn.com/Auf_Kiel_Special_Edition
1112 Champions League Kiel Kobenhavn
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 115:01
- Published: 19 Dec 2011
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Ärger im Revier - ein legendärer Einsatz aus Kiel: Probleme mit Türstehern im Doppelpack!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:15
- Published: 11 May 2012
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
© 2004 blue eyes Film & Television GmbH / RTL2 Ärger im Revier - auf Streife mit der Polizei - neue, alte Klassiker der ehemaligen RTL2-Version von Toto & Harry ...
http://wn.com/Ärger_im_Revier_ein_legendärer_Einsatz_aus_Kiel_Probleme_mit_Türstehern_im_Doppelpack!
a-ha - "Scoundrel Days" Kiel concert (4/15)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 30 Dec 2008
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
15 September 2007, a-ha played a free concert in the town of Kiel.
http://wn.com/a-ha_Scoundrel_Days_Kiel_concert_4_15
Trucking to Kiel and Hamburg in Germany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:58
- Published: 07 Jan 2012
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
Trucking to Kiel and Hamburg. Drop a container in Kiel (Ostuferhafen) and pickup one at Ernst in Hamburg.
http://wn.com/Trucking_to_Kiel_and_Hamburg_in_Germany
Mikkel Hansen leker med thw kiel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Published: 20 Dec 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Mikkel Hansen "toys" with thw kiel
http://wn.com/Mikkel_Hansen_leker_med_thw_kiel
The Hudspith Steam Bicycle at Kiel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:23
- Published: 07 May 2011
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
From June 6-8 2008, Geoff Hudspith of Christchurch in Co. Dorset, England, participated at the "Kiel unter Volldampf": Its one of the many festivals showing steam and diesel engines and applications, as eg at portsmouth-gbr video.google.com ) The inventor and builder of the "Hudspith Steam Bicycle" and the "Hudspith steam gramophone" was one of the top attractions, as his engines are not for shows only, but for everyday use - if needed. the clip shows a ride from the exhibition area near Germania-port in Kiels center, along the seafront promenade Hindenburgufer, the bridge across the Kiel Canal and the return passage via the fishbox-like canal ferry Holtenau-Wik.
http://wn.com/The_Hudspith_Steam_Bicycle_at_Kiel
Sweetest Berry - Zay and Kiel (Brother Love)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Published: 05 Jan 2011
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
The boyz finally get a new vid up. This was recorded 23/12/2011. Zay in black now 18. Kiel in red now 17. We're working on gigs and their group/s. Nexus (6 brothers) and Brother Love (just Zay and Kiel). We'll put more stuff up when we get more time...sorry for the lateness!
http://wn.com/Sweetest_Berry_Zay_and_Kiel_Brother_Love
a-ha - "The Living Daylights" Kiel concert (13/15)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Published: 30 Dec 2008
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
15 September 2007, a-ha played a free concert in the town of Kiel.
http://wn.com/a-ha_The_Living_Daylights_Kiel_concert_13_15
Creative Commons / Dstnfrey
AP
Creative Commons / Danisahne
Creative Commons / Vollwert BIT
Creative Commons / R Thiele
US Navy / Chief Mass Communication Specialist Jesse Sherwin
Creative Commons / Rebell
Public Domain / Rebell18190
Creative Commons
US Coastguard / PA3 Marianna O'Leary
US Coastguard / PA2 Allyson E. Taylor Feller.
US Coastguard
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Akor Enobanda
Creative Commons / Klaas Ole Kürtz
Creative Commons / Jan Rehschuh
Creative Commons / Godewind
Creative Commons / Jan Rehschuh
Creative Commons / Murat Halstead
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class David Wyscaverrel
Creative Commons / Jan Arkesteijn![Kiel Airport (IATA: KEL, ICAO: EDHK) (German: Flughafen Kiel) is an airport in Kiel, Germany. It is located in the borough of Holtenau, 8.3 km (5.2 mi) north[2] of the city centre. It is registered as a public airfield (German: Verkehrslandeplatz).](http://web.archive.org./web/20121014082348im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/4e/6b/1d73f7614478f0d6f85cbb9106d4_small.jpg "Kiel Airport (IATA: KEL, ICAO: EDHK) (German: Flughafen Kiel) is an airport in Kiel, Germany. It is located in the borough of Holtenau, 8.3 km (5.2 mi) north[2] of the city centre. It is registered as a public airfield (German: Verkehrslandeplatz).")
Creative Commons / Trinsath
AP / Fabian Bimmer
Creative Commons / Muns![Aerial view of the city Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːl] (Speaker Icon.svg listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the northern German state Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of over 236,000 (2007).](http://web.archive.org./web/20121014082348im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/f7/06/7e71c27e1050e9e128425f194e4d_small.jpg "Aerial view of the city Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːl] (Speaker Icon.svg listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the northern German state Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of over 236,000 (2007).")
Creative Commons / Drbashir
Creative Commons / Drbashir
Creative Commons / Vollwert BIT![Kiel's Opera House During World War II, Kiel remained one of the major naval bases and shipbuilding centres of the German Reich. There was also slave labour for the local industry.[4] Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during World War II](http://web.archive.org./web/20121014082348im_/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/db/02/882d13271a5675e1fc847340ff0e_small.jpg "Kiel's Opera House During World War II, Kiel remained one of the major naval bases and shipbuilding centres of the German Reich. There was also slave labour for the local industry.[4] Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during World War II")
Creative Commons / Vollwert BIT
Creative Commons / Dirk Ingo Franke
Creative Commons / Helge Høifødt
![Kiel Airport (IATA: KEL, ICAO: EDHK) (German: Flughafen Kiel) is an airport in Kiel, Germany. It is located in the borough of Holtenau, 8.3 km (5.2 mi) north[2] of the city centre. It is registered as a public airfield (German: Verkehrslandeplatz).](http://web.archive.org./web/20121014082348/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/4e/6b/1d73f7614478f0d6f85cbb9106d4_medium.jpg "Kiel Airport (IATA: KEL, ICAO: EDHK) (German: Flughafen Kiel) is an airport in Kiel, Germany. It is located in the borough of Holtenau, 8.3 km (5.2 mi) north[2] of the city centre. It is registered as a public airfield (German: Verkehrslandeplatz).")
![Aerial view of the city Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːl] (Speaker Icon.svg listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the northern German state Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of over 236,000 (2007).](http://web.archive.org./web/20121014082348/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/f7/06/7e71c27e1050e9e128425f194e4d_medium.jpg "Aerial view of the city Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːl] (Speaker Icon.svg listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the northern German state Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of over 236,000 (2007).")
![Kiel's Opera House During World War II, Kiel remained one of the major naval bases and shipbuilding centres of the German Reich. There was also slave labour for the local industry.[4] Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during World War II](http://web.archive.org./web/20121014082348/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/db/02/882d13271a5675e1fc847340ff0e_medium.jpg "Kiel's Opera House During World War II, Kiel remained one of the major naval bases and shipbuilding centres of the German Reich. There was also slave labour for the local industry.[4] Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during World War II")
Photo: AP / NASA
11 Oct 2012
Forget the diamond as big as the Ritz. This one's bigger than planet Earth. Orbiting a star that is visible to the naked eye, astronomers have discovered a planet twice the size of our own made...
Photo: AP / K.M. Chaudary
12 Oct 2012
THE attack, last Tuesday, on Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year old Pakistani girl, who is in intensive care after she was shot in the head, in an assassination attempt by Taliban militants in broad...
Photo: AP / Mahmoud Tawil
12 Oct 2012
BEIRUT, Lebanon — Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of the Lebanese militant group and political party Hezbollah, declared Thursday that his fighters had assembled and piloted a drone that flew 35...
Photo: AP / George Osodi
11 Oct 2012
AFP - Four Nigerian farmers take on Shell in a Dutch court, accusing the oil giant of destroying their livelihoods in a case that could set a precedent for global environmental responsibility. The...
Photo: AP / Andy Wong
11 Oct 2012
BEIJING: Cases of people being forcibly evicted from their homes and land have risen significantly in China, becoming the single greatest source of public discontent and a serious threat to social and...
Licence to Kiel: Jaws locked in for expo
14 Oct 2012
Canberra Times
Richard Kiel in a scene from the James Bond film "Moonraker" with Roger Moore. HIS name is Jaws. He kills people. Actually, his name is Richard Kiel and he's really a very nice man. But most people are more familiar with the first introduction, famously uttered by Roger Moore's James Bond to a...(size: 4.5Kb)
2013 NLL rookie profile: Kiel Matisz
10 Oct 2012
The Examiner
Related topics LacrosseNLLMinnesota SwarmShawn Williams Advertisement The Minnesota Swarm were fortunate enough to earn the second, third, and fourth picks in the 2012 National Lacrosse League Entry Draft. With the third overall selection, the Swarm chose Kiel Matisz. Matisz, Northeast Conference...(size: 6.7Kb)
Digital Spy
Stars of the James Bond movie franchise have spoken to...(size: 0.4Kb)
IMDb
Bond 50 shepherds all 22 official James Bond movies into one Blu-ray boxset. To...(size: 0.6Kb)
IMDb
James Bond star Sir Roger Moore set the digital timer on a golden briefcase - containing the first copy of the Bond 50 Blu-ray collection - which is now...(size: 1.0Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
Actress Kiele Sanchez and her ex-husband, writer-director Zach Helm, have sold their house in the Hollywood Hills for $1.75 million. The restored Mediterranean, built in 1928, features a two-story entry, stenciled beam ceilings and original tile work. The 4,000 square feet of living space includes a...(size: 31.5Kb)
Butler council says no more improvements anticipated at Kiel Ave./ Route 23 intersection
27 Aug 2012
North Jersey
There is little hope of ever seeing a walking path over the hazardous Kiel Avenue/Route 23 intersection, borough officials said on Aug. 21 in response to a citizen’s inquiry....(size: 10.4Kb)
Huffington Post
Most days (and nights) Los Angeles-based artist Kiel Johnson can be found holed up in his El Sereno studio creating tiny cityscapes from various scraps of paper and cardboard. The space is filled with waist-high tables littered with miniature buildings and thumbnail-sized cars. These paper cities...(size: 4.5Kb)
The Business Review
Denver Business Journal by Dennis Huspeni, Reporter Date: Friday, August 3, 2012, 4:00am MDT - Last Modified: Thursday, August 2, 2012, 1:52pm MDT...(size: 8.7Kb)
Kiel, cruise ship port on the Baltic Sea
31 Jul 2012
Deutsche Welle
Kiel is an ideal place to start and end a cruise. More than 100 cruise ships stop here annually. It's an impressive show when the enormous ocean liners come into Kiel and moor nearly in the center of the city. When tourists disembark their cruise ship, they find themselves right in the...(size: 1.9Kb)
This article is about the German city. For the U.S. city, see Kiel, Wisconsin. For the name, see Kiel (name).
| Kiel | |
 |
|
 |
|
 Kiel
|
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| Coordinates | 54°19′31″N 10°8′26″E / 54.32528°N 10.14056°E / 54.32528; 10.14056Coordinates: 54°19′31″N 10°8′26″E / 54.32528°N 10.14056°E / 54.32528; 10.14056 |
| Administration | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Urban district |
| City subdivisions | 18 districts |
| Lord Mayor | Torsten Albig (SPD) |
| Governing parties | SPD / Greens |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 118.6 km2 (45.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population | 239,526 (31 December 2010)[1] |
| - Density | 2,020 /km2 (5,231 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | KI |
| Postal codes | 24103–24159 |
| Area code | 0431 |
| Website | www.kiel.de |
Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːl] (
listen)) is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 (2010).
Kiel is approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the Baltic Sea, Kiel has become one of the major maritime centres of Germany. For instance, the city is known for a variety of international sailing events, including the annual Kiel Week, which is the biggest sailing event in the world. The Olympic sailing competitions of the 1936 and the 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Kiel.[2]
Kiel has also been one of the traditional homes of the German Navy's Baltic fleet, and continues to be a major high-tech shipbuilding centre. Located in Kiel is the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) at the University of Kiel. Kiel is an important sea transport hub, thanks to its location at the Kiel Fjord (Kieler Förde) and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee-Kanal). A number of passenger ferries to Sweden, Norway and other countries operate from here. Moreover, today Kiel harbour is an important port of call for cruise ships touring the Baltic Sea.
In 2005 Kiel's GDP per capita was €35,618, well above Germany's national average, and 159% of the European Union's average.[3]
Within Germany and parts of Europe, the city is known for its leading handball team, THW Kiel. The city is home to the University of Kiel (established in 1665).
Contents |
History[link]
Middle Ages[link]
Kiel Fjord was probably first settled by Normans or Vikings who wanted to colonize the land which they had raided, and for many years they settled in German villages. This is evidenced by the geography and architecture of the fjord. The city of Kiel was originally founded in 1233 as Holstenstadt tom Kyle by Count Adolf IV of Holstein, and granted Lübeck city rights in 1242 by Adolf's eldest son, John I of Schauenburg. Being a part of Holstein, Kiel belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and was situated only a few miles south of the Danish border.[4]
Kiel, the capital of the county (later duchy) of Holstein, was a member of the Hanseatic League from 1284 until it was expelled in 1518 for harbouring pirates. In 1431, the Kieler Umschlag (trade fair) was first held, which became the central market for goods and money in Schleswig-Holstein, until it began to lose significance from 1850 on, being held for the last time in 1900, until recently, when it has been restarted.
Modern times[link]
The University of Kiel was founded on 29 September 1665, by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. A number of important scholars, including Theodor Mommsen and Max Planck, studied or taught there.
From 1773 to 1864, the town belonged to the King of Denmark. However, because the king ruled Holstein as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire only through a personal union, the town was not incorporated as part of Denmark proper. Thus Kiel belonged to Germany, but it was ruled by the Danish king. Even though the Empire was abolished in 1806, the Danish king continued to rule Kiel only through his position as Duke of Holstein, which became a member of the German Confederation in 1815. When Schleswig and Holstein rebelled against Denmark in 1848 (the First Schleswig War), Kiel became the capital of Schleswig-Holstein until the Danish victory in 1850.
During the Second Schleswig War in 1864, Kiel and the rest of Schleswig and Holstein were conquered by a German Confederation alliance of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. After the war, Kiel was briefly administered by both the Austrians and the Prussians, but the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 led to the annexation of Kiel by Prussia in 1867. On 24 March 1865 King William I based Prussia's Baltic Sea fleet in Kiel instead of Danzig (Gdańsk).
When William I of Prussia became Emperor William I of the German Empire in 1871, he designated Kiel and Wilhelmshaven as Reichskriegshäfen ("Imperial War Harbours"). The prestigious Yacht Club of Kiel was established in 1887 with Prince Henry of Prussia as its patron. Emperor Wilhelm II became its commodore in 1891.
Because of its new role as Germany's main naval base, Kiel very quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in 1864 to about 200,000 in 1910. Much of the old town centre and other surroundings were levelled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city. The Kiel tramway network, opened in 1881, had been enlarged to 10 lines, with a total route length of 40 km (25 mi), before the end of World War I.
Kiel was the site of the sailors' mutiny which sparked the German Revolution in late 1918. Just before the end of World War I, the German fleet stationed at Kiel was ordered to be sent out on a last great battle with the Royal Navy. The sailors, who thought of this as a suicide mission which would have no effect on the outcome of the war, decided they had nothing to lose and refused to leave the safety of the port. The sailors' actions and the lack of response of the government to them, fuelled by an increasingly critical view of the Kaiser, sparked a revolution which caused the abolition of the monarchy and the creation of the Weimar Republic.
During World War II, Kiel remained one of the major naval bases and shipbuilding centres of the German Reich. There was also slave labour for the local industry.[5] Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during World War II. The bombing destroyed more than 80% of the remaining old town, 72% of the central residential areas, and 83% of the industrial areas.[6] During the RAF bombing of 23/24 July 1944, Luftwaffe fighters tried to intercept the spoof (i.e. decoy) force instead of the main force attacking Kiel,[7] and there was no water for three days; trains and buses did not run for eight days and there was no gas available for cooking for three weeks.[8] The town, its port, the canal and its scientists were seized by the British T-Force under Tony Hibbert just after the German surrender to the western Allies to stop them and access to Denmark falling into Soviet hands, despite it being beyond the stop-line set by the surrender.
Just like other heavily bombed German cities, the city was rebuilt after the war. In 1946, Kiel was named the seat of government for Schleswig-Holstein, and it officially became the state's capital in 1952.
Today, Kiel is once again an important maritime centre of Germany, with high-tech shipbuilding, submarine construction and one of the three leading institutions in the field of marine sciences in Europe, the IFM-GEOMAR. Regular ferries to Scandinavia and Russia, as well as the largest sailing event in the world called the Kiel Week (Kieler Woche) in German and The Kiel Regatta in English. The Kieler Umschlag is another festival, which has been taking place again since 1975. Kiel is also home to a large service sector and a number of research institutions including the University of Kiel, which is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious university in the state.
Main sights[link]
The oldest building in the city is the 13th century Nikolaikirche (St Nicholas' Church), which has a sculpture of Ernst Barlach in front of it called Geistkämpfer.
Kiel is Schleswig-Holstein's largest city, and therefore Kiel's shopping district is a major attraction, and will see further improvement and renovation efforts in the upcoming years. Kiel's Holstenstrasse (Holsten Street) is one of the longest shopping miles in Germany. The Rathaus (town hall), which was built in 1911, has an operating paternoster and the design of its tower was based on one in Venice. The square in front of it is bordered by a lake and the Opera House. There are also a number of lakes and parks in the city centre, e.g. Schrevenpark (Schreven Park). There are two botanical gardens, the Old Botanical Garden and New Botanical Garden.
As Kiel is situated near the sea, the beaches to the north of Kiel such as Kiel-Strande, Kiel-Schilksee, Möltenort and Laboe are also popular places to visit in spring and summer.
Kiel Week, more properly known in English as the Kiel Regatta, is the largest sailing event in the world and takes place in the last week in every June. Many thousands of boats and ships of all kinds and eras take part in the parade. Kiel Week is also a festival, Volksfest and fair as well as a maritime event.
There are a number of sports venues in Kiel, most notably the Sparkassen-Arena (formerly known as Baltic Sea Hall or Ostseehalle), which is the home ground of one of the most successful team handball clubs in the world and multiple German champion, THW Kiel. There is currently no Bundesliga football club in Kiel, but Holstein Kiel plays at Holstein-Stadion. There are a number of yachting and sailing clubs in picturesque settings.
Kiel also features a number of museums, including zoological, geological, historical, fine art, industrial, and military museums. Notable is the Stadtmuseum (City Museum) in Warleberger Hof, which in addition to preserving architecture from the 16th Century and historic rooms with painted stucco ceilings, displays urban and cultural exhibits of the 19th and 20th Century.[9] Particularly intriguing is the history of the carnival in Kiel.[9] Laboe is home to the Laboe Naval Memorial, as well as the World War II submarine U 995, which are popular tourist sites.
Economy[link]
Kiel's economy is dominated by the service sector, transport and maritime industries. Kiel is also one of the major ports of the German Navy, and a leading centre of German high-tech military and civil shipbuilding. Kiel is the home of Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, a shipyard founded in 1838 famed for its construction of submarines. HDW built the first German submarine Brandtaucher in 1850, and is today a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, the leading German group of shipyards.
In 2005, the GDP per person was €35,618, which is well above the national average of Germany and 159% of the European Union average.[3]
| 2005 EUROSTAT[10] | Nominal GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| Kiel |
€35,618 |
 Schleswig-Holstein |
€24,250 |
 Germany |
€27,219 |
 EU27 |
€22,400 |
Districts[link]
The city districts of Düsternbrook, Schreventeich, Ravensberg, and Blücherplatz are popular places to live with many 19th century buildings, villas, and tree-lined streets. The government offices, ministries and parliament of the state of Schleswig-Holstein are also mainly based in these neighbourhoods, particularly Düsternbrook. In contrast to the heavy bomb damage inflicted on the central parts of the city during World War II, most of the residential areas were not severely damaged. Hence, Kiel's more modern-style inner city and Kiel's more historic/elaborate residential areas stand in architectural contrast to one another.
There are plans for large-scale improvement and building efforts for the inner city, providing better pavements, better access to and view of the waterfront and a generally more attractive feel to the place. However, these plans have yet to be implemented in coming years.
Transport[link]
Kiel is situated near an important pan-European motorway, the A 7, which connects northern Europe with central and southern Europe.
Kiel has a central station with hourly trains to Hamburg, Lübeck, Flensburg and to Husum. Moreover, the Intercity Express (ICE) connects Kiel with Berlin, Frankfurt, Cologne and Munich.
Kiel is a significant port for passenger and cargo shipping from Germany to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Passenger ferries operate from and to Gothenburg in Sweden (Stena Line, 13½ hours, daily), Oslo in Norway (Color Line, 19½ hours, daily), and Klaipėda in Lithuania (DFDS Lisco, 21 hours, 6 times per week). Cargo ferries operate from and to Saint Petersburg in Russia (DFDS Lisco, twice a week), and Kaliningrad in Russia (NSA, once a week).
The nearest international airport is Hamburg Airport, which is situated approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the south of Kiel. There is a shuttle bus service (KIELIUS) operating between Hamburg Airport and Kiel central station.
Notable people[link]
- Tomma Abts (b. 1967), painter and Turner Prize winner
- Eric Braeden (b. 1941), actor
- Alfred Brinckmann (1891–1967), chessmaster
- Ernst Busch (1900–1980), actor, writer & collector of songs
- Britta Carlson (b. 1978), footballer
- Francisco Copado (b. 1974), footballer
- Heinrich Dahlinger (1922–2008), Fieldhandball player
- Kim Dotcom (b. 1974), Internet businessman
- Bruno Diekmann (1897–1982), politician
- Cora E. (Sylvia Macco) (b. 1968), musician
- Thilo Martinho (Thilo Herrmann) (b. 1960), musician
- Michael F. Feldkamp (b. 1962), historian
- Heinrich Heesch (1906–1995), mathematician
- Rudolf Hell (1901–2002), inventor
- Heike Henkel (b. 1964), athlete
- Johannes Wolfgang Willy Friedlieb Heuer (1910–1993), businessman
- August Howaldt, founder of Howaldtswerke
- Sigrid Hunke (1913–1999), author
- Hans Geiger (1882–1945), physicist, co-inventor of the Geiger–Müller Counter 1928 in Kiel
- Otto Kretschmer, U-boat commander
- Oswalt Kolle (1928–2010), author
- Andreas Köpke (b. 1962), footballer
- August Leskien (1840–1916), linguist
- Henri Lehmann (1814–1882), painter
- Helmut Lemke (1907–1990), politician
- Marina Lewycka (b. 1946), author
- Detlev von Liliencron (1844–1909), poetrist
- Carl Loewe (1796–1869), composer
- Judith Malina (b. 1926) in Kiel, co-director and founder of the Living Theatre in the United States, American actress
- Hermann Michel (b. 1912), SS officer
- Walther Müller (1905–1979), physicist, co-inventor of the Geiger–Müller Counter 1928 in Kiel
- Peter III of Russia (1728–1762)
- Max Planck (1858–1947), physicist
- Heinz Reincke (1925–2011), actor
- Karl Leonhard Reinhold, philosopher
- Sidney Sam (b. 1988), footballer
- Harro Schulze-Boysen (1909–1942), Resistance fighter
- Ernst von Salomon (1902–1972), writer
- Ulrich Schnauss (b. 1977), musician
- Manfred Stahnke (b. 1951), composer
- Ernst Steinitz (1871–1928), mathematician
- Gerhard Stoltenberg (1928–2001) politician
- Johannes Nikolaus Tetens, philosopher
- Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936), sociologist, philosopher
- Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912–2007), physicist, philosopher
- Feridun Zaimoglu (b. 1964), author and playwright
- Heiner Zieschang (1936–2004), mathematician
- Carl Zuckmayer (1896–1977), writer and playwright
- Dieter Laser, Actor
Sister towns[link]
Brest, France (1964)
Coventry, United Kingdom (1947)
Gdynia, Poland (1985)
Kaliningrad, Russia (1992)- Sovetsk, Russia (1992)
- Stralsund, Germany (1987 — at that time in
East Germany) 
Tallinn, Estonia (1986 — at that time in the 
Soviet Union)
Vaasa, Finland (1967)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Statistikamt Nord: Bevölkerung in Schleswig-Holstein am 31. Dezember 2010 nach Kreisen, Ämtern, amtsfreien Gemeinden und Städten" (in German). Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein. 21 July 2011. http://www.statistik-nord.de/uploads/tx_standocuments/A_I_2_vj104_S.pdf.
- ^ "General Information". Kieler Woche. Archived from the original on 2005-12-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20051230071223/http://www.kieler-woche.de/eng/Media_English/general_inf_dates_and_events.htm. Retrieved 2006-03-13.
- ^ a b GDP per person 2005 in Euro
- ^ "A brief history of Kiel". Kiel - a portrait of the city. City of Kiel. http://www.kiel.de/Aemter_01_bis_20/05/City_history/1history.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
- ^ Victor, Edward. "Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps". http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20Camps.htm. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
- ^ "The Navy changed the face of Kiel". Kiel — a portrait of the city. City of Kiel. http://www.kiel.de/Aemter_01_bis_20/05/City_history/2history.htm. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
- ^ Jones, R. V. (1978). Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939-1945. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 466. ISBN 0-241-89746-7.
- ^ Campaign Diary: July 44, Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary site. Accessed 4 May 2007
- ^ a b "Kieler Stadtmuseum Warleberger Hof", City of Kiel webpage, in German
- ^ "Regional GDP per inhabitant in the EU 27" (PDF). Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2008/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2008_MONTH_02/1-12022008-EN-AP.PDF. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ www.kiel.de Twin cities of Kiel (in German)
External links[link]
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A list of notable people whose primary occupation is furniture design.
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A - K
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- Le Corbusier
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- Olav Eldøy
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- David Forrest
- Paul T. Frankl
- Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank
- Peter Ghyczy
- T. H. Robsjohn-Gibbings
- Grinling Gibbons
- Jean Gillon
- Ernest Gimson
- Eileen Gray
- Walter Gropius
- Hector Guimard
- Christopher Guy Harrison
- Ambrose Heal
- George Hepplewhite
- Matthew Hilton
- Josef Hoffman
- Thomas Hope
- Luke Hughes
- William Ince
- Arne Jacobsen
- Charles Hollis Jones
- Finn Juhl
- William Kent
- Poul Kjærholm
- Florence Knoll
- Silas Kopf
- Shiro Kuramata
- James Krenov
L - Z
- Charles-Honoré Lannuier
- Paul László
- David Linley
- Piero Lissoni
- Mathias Locke
- Max Longin
- Samuel Loomis
- Ross Lovegrove
- Fred Lowen
- Sal Maccarone
- Charles Rennie Mackintosh
- Vico Magistretti
- Terence Main (born 1954)
- John Makepeace
- Sam Maloof
- Cecilie Manz
- Daniel Marot
- Bruno Mathson
- Alessandro Mendini
- Børge Mogensen
- Carlo Mollino
- Jasper Morrison
- George Nakashima
- George Nelson
- Marc Newson
- Nolen Niu
- Isamu Noguchi
- Wallace Nutting
- Jean Francis Oeben (also Jean-François Oeben)
- Verner Panton
- Sergio Orozco
- Charlotte Perriand
- Charles Percier
- Alan Peters
- Duncan Phyfe
- Jean Prouvé
- Ernest Race
- Dieter Rams
- Lilly Reich
- Jean Henri Riesener
- Gerrit Rietveld
- Jens Risom
- Alexander Roux
- Eero Saarinen
- Kasper Salto
- Sergio Savarese
- George Seddon
- Maarten van Severen
- Timothy Schreiber
- Thomas Shearer
- Thomas Sheraton
- Bořek Šípek
- Ettore Sottsass
- Mart Stam
- Philippe Starck
- Gustav Stickley
- Bill Stumpf
- Sympson
- Patricia Urquiola
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
- Henry van de Velde
- William Vile
- Otto Wagner
- Katie Walker
- Marcel Wanders
- Hans J. Wegner
- Russel Wright
- Allan Thele
-
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"Double Oh Seven" redirects here. For other uses, see 007 (disambiguation).
This article is about the spy series in general. For the character, see James Bond (character). For the film series, see James Bond in film. For the novels, see List of James Bond novels and stories. For other uses, see James Bond (disambiguation).
| James Bond | |
|---|---|
| James Bond, 007 character | |
| 200px Ian Fleming's image of James Bond; commissioned to aid the Daily Express comic strip artists. |
|
| First appearance | Casino Royale, 1953 novel |
| Last appearance | Quantum of Solace, 2008 film |
| Created by | Ian Fleming |
| Portrayed by |
Barry Nelson (1954) |
| Voiced by |
Bob Holness (1956) |
| Information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Occupation | 00 Agent |
| Title | Commander (Royal Naval Reserve) |
| Family | Andrew Bond (Father) Monique Delacroix Bond (Mother) |
| Spouse(s) | Teresa di Vicenzo (widowed) Kissy Suzuki (invalid) Harriett Horner (invalid) |
| Children | James Suzuki Bond (son with Kissy) |
| Relatives | Charmian Bond (Aunt) Max Bond (Uncle) |
| Nationality | British |
James Bond, code name 007, is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. There have been six other authors who wrote authorised Bond novels or novelizations after Fleming's death in 1964: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks and Jeffery Deaver; a new novel, written by William Boyd, is planned for release in 2013.[1] Additionally, Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.
The fictional British Secret Service agent has also been adapted for television, radio, comic strip and video game formats as well as being used in the longest running and the second-highest grossing film franchise to date, which started in 1962 with Dr. No, starring Sean Connery as Bond. As of 2012, there have been twenty two films in the Eon Productions series, with a twenty third, Skyfall, due for release on 26 October 2012. The film will star Daniel Craig in his third portrayal of Bond: he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also been two independent productions of Bond films, Casino Royale, a 1967 spoof, and Never Say Never Again, a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film, Thunderball.
The films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs to the films having picked up Academy Award nominations on several occasions. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond's cars, his guns and the gadgets he is supplied with by Q Branch.
Contents |
Publication history[link]
Creation and inspiration[link]
Main articles: James Bond (character) and Inspirations for James Bond
As the central figure for his works, Ian Fleming created the fictional character of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by his code number, 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander.
- Name
Fleming took the name for his character from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies; Fleming, a keen birdwatcher himself, had a copy of Bond's guide and he later explained to the ornithologist’s wife that "It struck me that this brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name was just what I needed, and so a second James Bond was born".[2] He further explained that:
When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument...when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, (James Bond) is the dullest name I ever heard.—Ian Fleming, The New Yorker, 21 April 1962[3]
On another occasion Fleming said: "I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, "James Bond" was much better than something more interesting, like "Peregrine Carruthers". Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, blunt instrument wielded by a government department."[4]
- Inspiration
Fleming based his fictional creation on a number of individuals he came across during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, admitting that Bond "was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war".[5] Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had been involved in behind the lines operations in Norway and Greece during the war.[6] Aside from Fleming's brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bond's make up, including Conrad O'Brien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill "Biffy" Dunderdale.[5]
- Tastes
Fleming also endowed Bond with many of his own traits, including sharing the same golf handicap, the taste for scrambled eggs and using the same brand of toiletries.[7] Bond's tastes are also often taken from Fleming’s own as was his behaviour,[8] with Bond's love of golf and gambling mirroring Fleming's own. Fleming used his experiences of his espionage career and all other aspects of his life as inspiration when writing, including using names of school friends, acquaintances, relatives and lovers throughout his books.[5]
- Looks
Fleming decided Bond should look a little like both the American singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself[9] and in Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd remarks, "Bond reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael, but there is something cold and ruthless." Likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is "certainly good-looking… Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way. That black hair falling down over the right eyebrow. Much the same bones. But there was something a bit cruel in the mouth, and the eyes were cold."[9]
- Background
It was not until the penultimate novel, You Only Live Twice, that Fleming gave Bond a sense of family background. The book was the first to be written after the release of Dr. No in cinemas and Sean Connery's depiction of Bond affected Fleming's interpretation of the character, to give Bond both a sense of humour and Scottish antecedents that were not present in the previous stories.[10] In a fictional obituary, purportedly published in The Times, Bond's parents were given as Andrew Bond, from the village of Glencoe, Scotland, and Monique Delacroix, from Yverdon, Switzerland.[11] Fleming did not provide Bond's date of birth, but John Pearson's fictional biography of Bond, James Bond: The Authorised Biography of 007, gives Bond a birth date on 11 November 1920,[12] while a study by John Griswold puts the date at 11 November 1921.[13]
Novels and related works[link]
Main article: List of James Bond novels and stories
Ian Fleming novels[link]
Whilst serving in the Naval Intelligence Division, Fleming had planned to become an author[15] and had told a friend, "I am going to write the spy story to end all spy stories."[5] On 17 February 1952, he began writing his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica,[16] where he wrote all his Bond novels, during the months of January and February each year.[17] He started the story shortly before his wedding to his pregnant girlfriend, Ann Charteris, in order to distract himself from his forthcoming nuptials.[18]
After completing the manuscript for Casino Royale, Fleming showed the manuscript to his friend (and later editor) William Plomer to read. Plomer liked it and submitted it to the publishers, Jonathan Cape, who did not like it as much. Cape finally published it in 1953 on the recommendation of Fleming's older brother Peter, an established travel writer.[17] Between 1953 and 1966, two years after his death, twelve novels and two short-story collections were published, with the last two books – The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights – published posthumously.[19] All the books were published in the UK through Jonathan Cape.
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Post-Fleming novels[link]
After Fleming's death a continuation novel, Colonel Sun, was written by Kingsley Amis (as Robert Markham) and published in 1968.[34] Amis had already written a literary study of Fleming's Bond novels in his 1965 workThe James Bond Dossier.[35] Although novelizations of two of the Eon Productions Bond films appeared in print, James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me and James Bond and Moonraker, both written by screenwriter Christopher Wood,[36] the series of novels did not continue until the 1980s. In 1981, thriller writer John Gardner picked up the series with Licence Renewed.[37] Gardner went on to write sixteen Bond books in total; two of the books he wrote – Licence to Kill and GoldenEye – were novelizations of Eon Productions films of the same name. Gardner moved the Bond series into the 1980s, although he retained the ages of the characters as they were when Fleming had left them.[38] In 1996, Gardner retired from writing James Bond books due to ill health.[39]
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In 1996, American author Raymond Benson became the author of the Bond novels. Benson had previously been the author of The James Bond Bedside Companion, first published in 1984.[54] By the time he moved on to other, non-Bond related projects in 2002, Benson had written six Bond novels, three novelizations and three short stories.[55]
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After a gap of six years, Sebastian Faulks was commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to write a new Bond novel, which was released on 28 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of Ian Fleming's birth.[65] The book—titled Devil May Care—was published in the UK by Penguin Books and by Doubleday in the US.[66] American writer Jeffery Deaver was then commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to produce Carte Blanche, which was published on 26 May 2011.[67] The book updated Bond into a post 9/11 agency, independent of MI5 or MI6.[68]
Young Bond[link]
Main article: Young Bond
The Young Bond series of novels was started by Charlie Higson[69] and, between 2005 and 2009, five novels and one short story were published.[70] The first Young Bond novel, SilverFin was also adapted and released as a graphic novel on 2 October 2008 by Puffin Books.[71]
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The Moneypenny Diaries[link]
The Moneypenny Diaries are a trilogy of novels chronicling the life of Miss Moneypenny, M's personal secretary. The novels are penned by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook, who is depicted as the book's "editor".[79] The first instalment of the trilogy, subtitled Guardian Angel, was released on 10 October 2005 in the UK.[80] A second volume, subtitled Secret Servant was released on 2 November 2006 in the UK, published by John Murray.[81] A third volume, subtitled Final Fling was released on 1 May 2008.[82]
Adaptations[link]
Television[link]
In 1954 CBS paid Ian Fleming $1,000 ($8,654 in 2012 dollars[86]) to adapt his novel Casino Royale into a one-hour television adventure as part of its Climax! series.[87] The episode aired live on 21 October 1954 and starred Barry Nelson as "Card Sense" James 'Jimmy' Bond and Peter Lorre as Le Chiffre.[88] The novel was adapted for American audiences to show Bond as an American agent working for "Combined Intelligence", while the character Felix Leiter—American in the novel—became British onscreen and was renamed "Clarence Leiter".[89]
In 1973 a BBC documentary Omnibus: The British Hero featured Christopher Cazenove playing a number of such title characters (e.g. Richard Hannay and Bulldog Drummond). The documentary included James Bond in dramatised scenes from Goldfinger—notably featuring 007 being threatened with the novel's circular saw, rather than the film's laser beam—and Diamonds Are Forever.[90] In 1991 a TV cartoon series James Bond Jr. was produced with Corey Burton in the role of Bond's nephew, also called James Bond.[91]
Radio[link]
In 1956, the novel Moonraker was adapted for broadcast on South African radio, with Bob Holness providing the voice of Bond.[92] According to The Independent, "listeners across the Union thrilled to Bob's cultured tones as he defeated evil master criminals in search of world domination".[93]
The BBC have adapted three of the Fleming novels for broadcast: in 1990, You Only Live Twice was adapted into a 90 minute radio play for BBC Radio 4 with Michael Jayston playing James Bond. The production was repeated a number of times between 2008 and 2011.[94] On 24 May 2008, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation of Dr. No. Actor Toby Stephens, who played Bond villain Gustav Graves in the Eon Productions version of Die Another Day, played James Bond, while Dr. No was played by David Suchet.[95] Following the success of Dr. No, a second Bond story was adapted and on 3 April 2010, BBC Radio 4 broadcast Goldfinger with Toby Stephens again playing Bond.[96] Sir Ian McKellen was Goldfinger and Stephens' Die Another Day co-star Rosamund Pike played Pussy Galore. The play was adapted from Fleming's novel by Archie Scottney and was directed by Martin Jarvis.[97]
Comics medium[link]
Main articles: James Bond (comic strip) and James Bond comic books
File:McLusky007.jpg
John McLusky's rendition of James Bond.
In 1957, the Daily Express approached Ian Fleming to adapt his stories into comic strips, offering him £1,500 per novel and a share of takings from syndication.[98] After initial reluctance, Fleming, who felt the strips would lack the quality of his writing, agreed.[99] To aid the Daily Express in illustrating Bond, Fleming commissioned an artist to create a sketch of how he believed James Bond looked. The illustrator, John McLusky, however, felt that Fleming's 007 looked too "outdated" and "pre-war" and changed Bond to give him a more masculine look.[100] The first strip, Casino Royale was published from 7 July 1958 to 13 December 1958[101] and was written by Anthony Hern and illustrated by John McLusky.[102]
Most of the Bond novels and short stories have since been adapted for illustration, as well as Kingsley Amis's Colonel Sun; the works were written by Henry Gammidge or Jim Lawrence with Yaroslav Horak replacing McClusky as artist in 1966.[101] After the Fleming and Amis material had been adapted, original stories were produced, continuing in the Daily Express and Sunday Express until May 1977.[100]
Several comic book adaptations of the James Bond films have been published through the years: at the time of Dr. No's release in October 1962, a comic book adaptation of the screenplay, written by Norman J. Nodel, was published in Britain as part of the Classics Illustrated anthology series.[103] It was later reprinted in the United States by DC Comics as part of its Showcase anthology series, in January 1963. This was the first American comic book appearance of James Bond and is noteworthy for being a relatively rare example of a British comic being reprinted in a fairly high-profile American comic. It was also one of the earliest comics to be censored on racial grounds (some skin tones and dialogue were changed for the American market).[104][103]
With the release of the 1981 film For Your Eyes Only, Marvel Comics published a two-issue comic book adaptation of the film.[105][106] When Octopussy was released in the cinemas in 1983, Marvel published an accompanying comic;[103] Eclipse also produced a one-off comic for Licence to Kill, although Timothy Dalton refused to allow his likeness to be used.[107] New Bond stories were also drawn up and published from 1989 onwards through Marvel, Eclipse Comics and Dark Horse Comics.[103][106]
Films[link]
Main article: James Bond in film
The Eon Productions films[link]
In 1962 Eon Productions, the company of Canadian Harry Saltzman and American Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli released the first cinema adaptation of an Ian Fleming novel, Dr. No, featuring Sean Connery as 007.[108] Connery starred in a further four films before leaving the role after You Only Live Twice,[109] which was taken up by George Lazenby for On Her Majesty's Secret Service.[110] Lazenby left the role after just one appearance and Connery was tempted back for his last Eon-produced film Diamonds Are Forever.[111]
In 1973, Roger Moore was appointed to the role of 007 for Live and Let Die and played Bond a further six times over twelve years before being replaced by Timothy Dalton for two films. After a six year hiatus, during which a legal wrangle threatened Eon's productions of the Bond films,[112] Irish actor Pierce Brosnan was cast as Bond in GoldenEye, released in 1995; he remained in the role for a total of four films, before leaving in 2002. In 2006, Daniel Craig was given the role of Bond for Casino Royale, which rebooted the franchise.[113] The twenty-third Eon produced film, Skyfall, was announced in November 2011, with release scheduled for 26 October 2012.[114] The Eon Productions series has grossed $4,910,000,000 (over $12,360,000,000 when adjusted for inflation) worldwide, making it the second highest grossing film series, behind Harry Potter.[115]
| Title | Year | Actor | Director |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. No | 1962 | Sean Connery | Terence Young |
| From Russia with Love | 1963 | ||
| Goldfinger | 1964 | Guy Hamilton | |
| Thunderball | 1965 | Terence Young | |
| You Only Live Twice | 1967 | Lewis Gilbert | |
| On Her Majesty's Secret Service | 1969 | George Lazenby | Peter R. Hunt |
| Diamonds Are Forever | 1971 | Sean Connery | Guy Hamilton |
| Live and Let Die | 1973 | Roger Moore | |
| The Man with the Golden Gun | 1974 | ||
| The Spy Who Loved Me | 1977 | Lewis Gilbert | |
| Moonraker | 1979 | ||
| For Your Eyes Only | 1981 | John Glen | |
| Octopussy | 1983 | ||
| A View to a Kill | 1985 | ||
| The Living Daylights | 1987 | Timothy Dalton | |
| Licence to Kill | 1989 | ||
| GoldenEye | 1995 | Pierce Brosnan | Martin Campbell |
| Tomorrow Never Dies | 1997 | Roger Spottiswoode | |
| The World Is Not Enough | 1999 | Michael Apted | |
| Die Another Day | 2002 | Lee Tamahori | |
| Casino Royale | 2006 | Daniel Craig | Martin Campbell |
| Quantum of Solace | 2008 | Marc Forster | |
| Skyfall (unreleased) | 2012 | Sam Mendes |
Non-Eon films[link]
In 1967, Casino Royale was adapted into a parody Bond film starring David Niven as Sir James Bond and Ursula Andress as Vesper Lynd. David Niven had been Ian Fleming's preference for the part of James Bond.[116] The result of a court case in the High Court in London in 1963 allowed Kevin McClory to produce a remake of Thunderball titled Never Say Never Again in 1983.[117] The film, starring Sean Connery as Bond, was not part of the Eon series of Bond films. In 1997 the Sony Corporation acquired all or some of McClory's rights in an undisclosed deal,[117] which were then subsequently acquired by MGM, whilst on 4 December 1997, MGM announced that the company had purchased the rights to Never Say Never Again from Schwartzman's company Taliafilm.[118] Eon now currently (as of 2012) holds the full adaptation rights to all of Fleming's Bond novels.[117][119]
| Title | Year | Actor | Director |
|---|---|---|---|
| Casino Royale | 1967 | David Niven | Ken Hughes John Huston Joseph McGrath Robert Parrish Val Guest Richard Talmadge |
| Never Say Never Again | 1983 | Sean Connery | Irvin Kershner |
Music[link]
Main article: James Bond music
| “ | ...cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable. | ” |
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—David Arnold, on the "James Bond Theme"[120] |
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The "James Bond Theme" was written by Monty Norman and was first orchestrated by the John Barry Orchestra for 1962's Dr. No, although the actual authorship of the music has been a matter of controversy for many years.[121] In 2001, Norman won £30,000 in libel damages from the The Sunday Times newspaper, which suggested that Barry was entirely responsible for the composition.[122] The theme, as written by Norman and arranged by Barry, was described by another Bond film composer, David Arnold, as "bebop-swing vibe coupled with that vicious, dark, distorted electric guitar, definitely an instrument of rock 'n' roll...it represented everything about the character you would want: It was cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable. And he did it in two minutes."[120] Barry composed the scores for eleven Bond films[123] and had an uncredited contribution to Dr. No with his arrangement of the Bond Theme.[120]
A Bond film staple are the theme songs heard during their title sequences sung by well-known popular singers.[124] Several of the songs produced for the films have been nominated for Academy Awards for Original Song, including Paul McCartney's "Live and Let Die",[125] Carly Simon's "Nobody Does It Better"[126] and Sheena Easton's "For Your Eyes Only".[127] For the non-Eon produced Casino Royale, Burt Bacharach's score included "The Look Of Love", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song.[128]
Video games[link]
Main article: James Bond (games)
In 1983, the first Bond video game, developed and published by Parker Brothers, was released for the Atari 2600, the Atari 5200, the Atari 800, the Commodore 64 and the ColecoVision.[129] Since then, there have been numerous video games either based on the films or using original storylines. In 1997, the first-person shooter video game GoldenEye 007 was developed by Rare for the Nintendo 64, based on the 1995 Pierce Brosnan film GoldenEye.[130] The game received very positive reviews,[131] won the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Award for UK Developer of the Year in 1998[132] and generated $250 million of sales worldwide.[133]
In 1999, Electronic Arts acquired the licence and released Tomorrow Never Dies on 16 December 1999.[134] In October 2000, they released The World Is Not Enough[135] for the Nintendo 64[136] followed by007 Racing for the PlayStation on 21 November 2000.[137] In 2003, the company released Everything or Nothing,[138] which included the likenesses and voices of Pierce Brosnan, Willem Dafoe, Heidi Klum, Judi Dench and John Cleese, amongst others.[139] In November 2005, Electronic Arts released a video game adaptation of From Russia with Love,[140] which involved Sean Connery's image and voice-over for Bond.[140]
In 2006 Electronic Arts announced a game based on then-upcoming film Casino Royale: the game was cancelled because it would not be ready by the film's release in November of that year. With MGM losing revenue from lost licensing fees, the franchise was removed from EA to Activision.[141] Activision subsequently released the 007: Quantum of Solace game on 31 October 2008, based on the film of the same name.[142]
Guns, vehicles and gadgets[link]
Main articles: List of James Bond firearms, List of James Bond vehicles, and List of James Bond gadgets
- Guns
For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418[143] until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond,[144] calling it "a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!"[145] Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to Dr. No.[146] Boothroyd also gave Fleming advice on the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster and a number of the weapons used by SMERSH and other villains.[147] In thanks, Fleming gave the MI6 Armourer in his novels the name Major Boothroyd and, in Dr. No, M introduces him to Bond as "the greatest small-arms expert in the world".[146] Bond also used a variety of rifles, including the Savage Model 99 in "For Your Eyes Only" and a Winchester .308 target rifle in "The Living Daylights".[143] Other handguns used by Bond in the Fleming books included the Colt Detective Special and a long-barrelled Colt .45 Army Special.[143]
The first Bond film, Dr. No, saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK,[148] which the film Bond used in eighteen films.[149] Since Tomorrow Never Dies, Bond's main weapon has been the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol.[149]
- Vehicles
In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley 4½ Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger.[150] After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in Moonraker, Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series.[151] During Goldfinger, Bond was issued with an Aston Martin DB Mark III with a homing device, which he used to track Goldfinger across France. Bond returned to his Bentley for the subsequent novels.[151]
The Bond of the films has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage[152], during the 1980s), the V12 Vanquish[152] and DBS[153] during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit;[154] the BMW Z3,[155] BMW 750iL[155] and the BMW Z8.[155] He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a Routemaster Bus, amongst others.[156]
Bond's most famous car is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in Goldfinger;[157] it later featured in Thunderball, GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies and Casino Royale.[158] The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector.[159]
- Gadgets
Fleming's novels and early screen adaptations presented minimal equipment such as the booby-trapped attaché case in From Russia with Love, although this situation changed dramatically with the films.[160] However, the effects of the two Eon-produced Bond films Dr. No and From Russia with Love had an effect on the novel The Man with the Golden Gun, through the increased number of devices used in Fleming's final story.[161]
For the film adaptations of Bond, the pre-mission briefing by Q Branch became one of the motifs that ran through the series.[162] Dr. No provided no spy-related gadgets, but a Geiger counter was used; industrial designer Andy Davey observed that the first ever onscreen spy-gadget was the attaché case shown in From Russia with Love, which he described as "a classic 007 product".[163] The gadgets assumed a higher profile in the 1964 film Goldfinger. The film's success encouraged further espionage equipment from Q Branch to be supplied to Bond, although the increased use of technology led to an accusation that Bond was over-reliant on equipment, particularly in the later films.[164]
If it hadn't been for Q Branch, you'd have been dead long ago!
Q, to Bond,
Licence to Kill
Licence to Kill
Davey noted that "Bond's gizmos follow the zeitgeist more closely than any other...nuance in the films"[163] as they moved from the potential representations of the future in the early films, through to the brand-name obsessions of the later films.[163] It is also noticeable that, although Bond uses a number of pieces of equipment from Q Branch, including the Little Nellie autogyro,[165] a jet pack[166] and the exploding attaché case,[167] the villains are also well-equipped with custom made devices,[163] including Scaramanga's golden gun,[168] Rosa Klebb's poison-tipped shoes,[169] Oddjob's steel-rimmed bowler hat[170] and Blofeld's communication and bacteriological warfare agents vanity case.[163]
Cultural impact[link]
See also: James Bond parodies
Cinematically James Bond has been a major influence within the spy genre since the release of Dr. No in 1962.[171] The first parody was the 1964 film Carry on Spying showing the villain Dr. Crow being overcome by agents who included James Bind (Charles Hawtry) and Daphne Honeybutt (Barbara Windsor).[172] One of the films that reacted against the portrayal of Bond was the Harry Palmer series, whose first film, The Ipcress File was released in 1965. The eponymous hero of the series was what academic Jeremy Packer called an "anti-Bond",[173] or what Christoph Lindner calls "the thinking man's Bond".[174] The Palmer series were produced by Harry Saltzman, who also used key crew members from the Bond franchise, including designer Ken Adam, editor Peter R. Hunt and composer John Barry.[175] In 1966 there were twenty two secret agent films released attempting to capitalise on the popularity and success of Bond.[176] The four "Matt Helm" films starring Dean Martin were released between 1966 and 1969,[177] the "Flint" series starring James Coburn provided two films in 1966 and 1969,[178] whilst The Man from U.N.C.L.E. also moved onto the cinema screen, with eight films released: all were testaments to Bond's prominence in popular culture.[123] More recently, the Austin Powers series by writer, producer and comedian Mike Myers[179] and other parodies such as the 2003 film Johnny English[180] have also used elements from or parodied the Bond films.
Following the release of the film Dr. No in 1962, the quote "Bond ... James Bond", became a catch phrase that entered the lexicon of Western popular culture: writers Cork and Scivally said of the introduction in Dr. No that the "signature introduction would become the most famous and loved film line ever".[181] In 2001 it was voted as the "best-loved one-liner in cinema" by British cinema goers[182] and in 2005, it was honoured as the 22nd greatest quotation in cinema history by the American Film Institute as part of their 100 Years Series.[183] The 2005 American Film Institute's '100 Years' series also recognised the character of James Bond himself in the film as the third greatest film hero.[184] He was also placed at number eleven on a similar list by Empire.[185] Premiere also listed Bond as the fifth greatest movie character of all time.[186]
The twenty two James Bond films produced by Eon Productions, which have grossed $4,910,000,000 in box office returns alone,[187] have made the series one of the highest-grossing ever. It is estimated that since Dr. No, a quarter of the world's population have seen at least one Bond film.[188] The UK Film Distributors' Association have stated that the importance of the Bond series of films to the British film industry cannot be overstated, as they "form the backbone of the industry".[189]
Television also saw the effect of Bond films, with the NBC series The Man from U.N.C.L.E.,[190] which was described as the "first network television imitation" of Bond,[191] largely because Fleming provided advice and ideas on the development of the series, even giving the main character the name Napoleon Solo.[192] Other 1960s television imitations of Bond included I Spy,[178] and Get Smart.[193]
See also[link]
Main article: Outline of James Bond
- Shaken, not stirred
- Sir Fitzroy MacLean, 1st Baronet
- The Battle for Bond
- 9007 James Bond Asteroid named after the character
References[link]
- ^ "William Boyd takes James Bond back to 1960s in new 007 novel". BBC News. BBC (London). 12 April 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17677611. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ Caplen 2010, p. 21.
- ^ Hellman, Geoffrey T. (21 April 1962). "Bond's Creator (subscription needed)". Talk of the Town. The New Yorker. p. 32. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1962/04/21/1962_04_21_032_TNY_CARDS_000268062#ixzz1XRLtznvp. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
- ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 112.
- ^ a b c d Macintyre, Ben (5 April 2008). "Bond - the real Bond". The Times: p. 36.
- ^ "Obituary: Colonel Peter Fleming, Author and explorer". The Times: p. 14. 20 August 1971.
- ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 50.
- ^ Cook, William (28 June 2004). "Novel man". New Statesman: p. 40.
- ^ a b Macintyre 2008, p. 67.
- ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 205.
- ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 58.
- ^ Pearson 2008, p. 21.
- ^ Griswold 2006, p. 27.
- ^ Macintyre 2008, p. 208.
- ^ Lycett, Andrew (2004). "Fleming, Ian Lancaster (1908–1964) (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press). DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/33168. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33168. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ Chancellor 2005, p. 4.
- ^ a b Chancellor 2005, p. 5.
- ^ Bennett & Woollacott 2003, p. 1, ch 1.
- ^ Black 2005, p. 75.
- ^ "Casino Royale". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=56. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Live and Let Die". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=57. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Moonraker". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=58. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Diamonds are Forever". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=59. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "From Russia, with Love". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=60. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Dr. No". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=61. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Goldfinger". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=62. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "For Your Eyes Only". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=63. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Thunderball". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=64. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "The Spy Who Loved Me". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=65. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "On Her Majesty's Secret Service". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=174. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "You Only Live Twice". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=67. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "The Man with the Golden Gun". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=68. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Octopussy and The Living Daylights". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=69. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Colonel Sun". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=81. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ Benson 1988, p. 32.
- ^ a b c d e f "Film Novelizations". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=163. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ Simpson 2002, p. 58.
- ^ Benson 1988, p. 149.
- ^ Ripley, Mike (2 November 2007). "Obituary: John Gardner: Prolific thriller writer behind the revival of James Bond and Professor Moriarty". The Guardian: p. 41.
- ^ "Licence Renewed". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=141. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "For Special Services". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=211. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "Ice Breaker". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=142. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "Role Of Honour". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=143. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "Nobody Lives Forever". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=144. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "No Deals Mr Bond". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=145. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "Scorpius". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=145. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "Win, Lose Or Die". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=147. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ "Brokenclaw". The Books. Ian Fleming Publications. http://www.ianfleming.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=148. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
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External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: James Bond |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: James Bond |
- James Bond Official Website
- Ian Fleming Publications Official Website
- Young Bond Official Website
- Pinewood Studios – home of Bond
- Pinewood Studios Albert R. Broccoli 007 Stage Official Website
- Ian Fleming's 'Red Indians' – 30AU – Literary James Bond's Wartime unit
- James Bond at the Internet Movie Database
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| David Letterman | |
|---|---|
 Letterman performing on his show in June 2011. |
|
| Pseudonym | Earl Hofert |
| Born | (1947-04-12) April 12, 1947 (age 65) Indianapolis, Indiana, United States[1] |
| Medium | Stand-up, talk show |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 1974–present |
| Genres | Observational comedy, surreal humor, deadpan |
| Subject(s) | Self-deprecation, everyday life |
| Influences | Steve Allen,[citation needed] Johnny Carson,[2] Jack Paar,[citation needed] Paul Dixon[3] |
| Influenced | Jimmy Kimmel, Jim Gaffigan, Jon Stewart, Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Fallon |
| Spouse | Michelle Cook (1969–1977) Regina Lasko (2009–present) |
| Domestic partner(s) | Regina Lasko (1986–2009) |
| Notable works and roles | Host of The David Letterman Show (NBC) Host of Late Night with David Letterman (NBC) Host of Late Show with David Letterman (CBS) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | CBS.com/latenight/lateshow |
| Emmy Awards | |
| Outstanding Host or Hostess in a Variety Series 1981 The David Letterman Show Outstanding Individual Achievement — Writers 1981 The David Letterman Show Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program 1984 Late Night with David Letterman 1985 Late Night with David Letterman 1986 Late Night with David Letterman 1987 Late Night with David Letterman Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series 1994 Late Show with David Letterman |
|
| American Comedy Awards | |
| Funniest Male Performer in a TV Special (Leading or Supporting) Network, Cable or Syndication 1989 Late Night with David Letterman 1995 Late Show with David Letterman: Video Special Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (Leading Role) Network, Cable or Syndication 1994 Late Show with David Letterman 2001 Late Show with David Letterman |
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David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host and comedian.[1] He hosts the late night television talk show, Late Show with David Letterman, broadcast on CBS. Letterman has been a fixture on late night television since the 1982 debut of Late Night with David Letterman on NBC. Letterman recently surpassed friend and mentor Johnny Carson for having the longest late-night hosting career in the United States of America.[4]
Letterman is also a television and film producer. His company Worldwide Pants produces his show as well as its network follow-up The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. Worldwide Pants has also produced several prime-time comedies, the most successful of which was Everybody Loves Raymond, currently in syndication.
In 1996, David Letterman was ranked #45 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.[5]
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. His father, Harry Joseph Letterman (April 1915 – February 1973),[6] was a florist of British descent; his mother Dorothy Letterman (née Hofert, now Dorothy Mengering), a Presbyterian church secretary of German descent, is an occasional figure on the show, usually at holidays and birthdays.
Letterman lived on the north side of Indianapolis (Broad Ripple area), not far from Speedway, IN, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and he enjoyed collecting model cars, including racers.[7] In 2000, he told an interviewer for Esquire that, while growing up, he admired his father's ability to tell jokes and be the life of the party. Harry Joseph Letterman survived a heart attack at age 36, when David was a young boy. The fear of losing his father was constantly with Letterman as he grew up.[8] The elder Letterman died of a second heart attack[9] at age 57.
Letterman attended his hometown's Broad Ripple High School at the same time as Marilyn Tucker (future wife of Dan Quayle) and worked as a stock boy at the local Atlas supermarket.[10] According to the Ball State Daily News, he originally had wanted to attend Indiana University, but his grades weren't good enough, so he decided to attend Ball State University, in Muncie, Indiana.[11] He is a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity, and he graduated from what was then the Department of Radio and Television, in 1969. A self-described average student, Letterman endowed a scholarship for what he called "C students" at Ball State.[12]
Though he registered for the draft and passed his physical after graduating from college, he was not drafted for service in Vietnam due to receiving a draft lottery number of 352 (out of 365).[13]
Letterman began his broadcasting career as an announcer and newscaster at the college's student-run radio station—WBST—a 10-watt campus station which now is part of Indiana Public Radio.[14] He was fired for treating classical music with irreverence.[14]
Letterman then became involved with the founding of another campus station—WAGO-AM 570 (now WWHI, 91.3).[15]
Letterman credits Paul Dixon—host of the Paul Dixon Show, a Cincinnati-based talk show also shown in Indianapolis while Letterman was growing up—for inspiring his choice of career:[3]
- "I was just out of college [in 1969], and I really didn't know what I wanted to do. And then all of a sudden I saw him doing it [on TV]. And I thought: That's really what I want to do!"
Weatherman[link]
Letterman began his career as a radio talk show host on WNTS (AM), and on Indianapolis television station WLWI (now called WTHR) as an anchor, and weatherman. He received some attention for his unpredictable on-air behavior, which included congratulating a tropical storm for being upgraded to a hurricane and predicting hail stones "the size of canned hams."[16] He would also occasionally report the weather and the day's very high and low temps for fictitious cities ("Eight inches of snow in Bingree and surrounding areas.") while on another occasion saying that a state border had been erased.[17] ("From space you can see the border between Indiana and Ohio has been erased. I'm not in favor of this.") He also starred in a local kiddie show, made wisecracks as host of a late night TV show called "Freeze-Dried Movies" (he once acted out a scene from "Godzilla" using plastic dinosaurs),[18] and hosted a talk show that aired early on Saturday mornings called "Clover Power,"[19] in which he interviewed 4-H members about their projects.[20]
In 1971, Letterman appeared as a pit road reporter for ABC Sports' tape-delayed coverage of the Indianapolis 500.[21] David initially is introduced as Chris Economaki in his job as a corner reporter. Letterman interviews Mario Andretti who has just crashed out of the race and asks him a question about traffic on the course.
Move to Los Angeles[link]
In 1975, encouraged by his then-wife Michelle and several of his Sigma Chi fraternity brothers, Letterman moved to Los Angeles, California, with hope of becoming a comedy writer.[22] He started off by writing material for comedian Jimmie Walker.[23] He also began performing stand-up comedy at The Comedy Store, a proving ground for unknown comics.
In the summer of 1977, Letterman was a writer and regular on the six-week summer series The Starland Vocal Band Show, broadcast on CBS.[24] He hosted a 1977 pilot for a game show entitled The Riddlers[25][26] that was never picked up and co-starred in the Barry Levinson-produced comedy special Peeping Times that aired in January 1978. Later that year, Letterman was a cast member on Mary Tyler Moore's variety show, Mary.[27] Letterman made a guest appearance on Mork & Mindy (as a parody of EST leader Werner Erhard[28]) and appearances on game shows such as The $20,000 Pyramid,[29] The Gong Show, Password Plus[30] and Liar's Club, as well as talk shows such as The Mike Douglas Show.[31] He was also screen tested for the lead role in the 1980 film Airplane!, a role that eventually went to Robert Hays.[32]
His dry, sarcastic humor caught the attention of scouts for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and Letterman was soon a regular guest on the show. Letterman became a favorite of Carson's and was a regular guest host for the show beginning in 1978. Letterman credits Carson as the person who influenced his career the most.[2]
NBC[link]
Morning show[link]
Main article: The David Letterman Show
On June 23, 1980, Letterman was given his own morning comedy show on NBC, The David Letterman Show. It was originally 90 minutes long, but was shortened to 60 minutes in August 1980.[33] The show was a critical success, winning two Emmy Awards, but was a ratings disappointment and was canceled in October 1980.
[edit] Late Night with David Letterman
Main article: Late Night with David Letterman
NBC kept Letterman under contract to try him in a different time slot. Late Night with David Letterman debuted February 1, 1982; the first guest on the first show was Bill Murray.[34] Murray also guested on January 31, 2012 – 30 years later. The show ran Monday through Thursday at 12:30 a.m. Eastern Time, immediately following The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (a Friday night broadcast was added in June 1987). It was seen as being edgy and unpredictable, and soon developed a cult following (particularly among college students). Letterman's reputation as an acerbic interviewer was borne out in verbal sparring matches with Cher[35] (who even called him an asshole on the show), Shirley MacLaine,[36] Charles Grodin, and Madonna. The show also featured comedy segments and running characters, in a style heavily influenced by the 1950s and 1960s programs of Steve Allen.[37] Although Ernie Kovacs is often cited as an influence on the show,[38] Letterman has denied this.[2]
The show often featured quirky, genre-mocking regular features, including "Stupid Pet Tricks[39] ", dropping various objects off the roof of a five-story building,[40] demonstrations of unorthodox clothing (such as suits made of Alka-Seltzer,[41] Velcro[42] and suet), a recurring Top 10 list, the Monkey-Cam[43] (and the Audience Cam), and a facetious letter-answering segment.[44] The Top 10 list, several "Film[s] by My Dog Bob" in which a camera was mounted on Letterman's own dog[45] (often with comic results), Stupid Human Tricks,[46] Small Town News,[47] and Stupid Pet Tricks[48] (which had its origins on Letterman's morning show) all eventually moved with Letterman to CBS.
Other memorable moments included Letterman using a bullhorn to interrupt a live interview on The Today Show, announcing that he was the NBC president while not wearing any pants; interrupting Al Roker on WNBC-TV's broadcast of Live at Five by walking into their studio (which occupied the same floor of 30 Rockefeller Plaza as Letterman's studio); and staging "elevator races", complete with commentary by NBC Sports' Bob Costas. In one infamous appearance, in 1982, Andy Kaufman (who was already wearing a neck brace) appeared to be slapped and knocked to the ground by professional wrestler Jerry Lawler (though Lawler and Kaufman's friend Bob Zmuda later revealed that the event was staged.)[49] In another memorable exchange, sex expert Dr. Ruth Westheimer included cucumbers in a list of handy sex objects that women could find at home. The following night, guest Ted Koppel asked Letterman "May I insert something here?" and Dave responded "OK, as long as it's not a cucumber."[citation needed]
[edit] Late Show with David Letterman
Main article: Late Show with David Letterman
In 1992, Johnny Carson retired, and many fans believed that Letterman would become host of The Tonight Show. When NBC instead gave the job to Jay Leno, Letterman departed NBC to host his own late-night show on CBS, opposite The Tonight Show at 11:30 p.m., called the Late Show with David Letterman. The new show debuted on August 30, 1993 and was taped at the historic Ed Sullivan Theater, where Ed Sullivan taped his eponymous variety series from 1948 to 1971. For Letterman's arrival, CBS spent $8 million in renovations.[50] In addition to that cost, CBS also signed Letterman to a lucrative three-year, $14 million/year contract,[51] doubling his Late Night salary. The total cost for everything (renovations, negotiation right paid to NBC, signing Letterman, announcer Bill Wendell, Shaffer, the writers and the band) was over $140 million.
But while the expectation was that Letterman would retain his unique style and sense of humor with the move, Late Show was not an exact replica of his old NBC program. Recognizing the more formal mood (and wider audience) of his new time slot and studio, Letterman eschewed his trademark blazer with khaki pants and white sneakers wardrobe combination in favor of expensive shoes, tailored suits and light-colored socks. The monologue was lengthened and Paul Shaffer and the "World's Most Dangerous Band" followed Letterman to CBS, but they added a brass section and were rebranded the "CBS Orchestra" as a short monologue and a small band were mandated by Carson while Letterman occupied the 12:30 slot. Additionally, because of intellectual property disagreements, Letterman was unable to import many of his Late Night segments verbatim,[52] but he sidestepped this problem by simply renaming them (the "Top Ten List" became the "Late Show Top Ten", "Viewer Mail" became the "CBS Mailbag", etc.)
Popularity[link]
The main competitor of The Late Show is NBC's The Tonight Show, which was hosted by Jay Leno for nearly 16 years, but from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, was hosted by Conan O'Brien. In 1993 and 1994, The Late Show consistently gained higher ratings than The Tonight Show. But in 1995, ratings dipped and Leno's show consistently beat Letterman's in the ratings from the time that Hugh Grant came on Leno's show after Grant's arrest for soliciting a prostitute.;[53] Leno typically attracted about 5 million nightly viewers between 1999 and 2009. The Late Show lost nearly half its audience during its competition with Leno, attracting 7.1 million viewers nightly in its 1993–94 season and about 3.8 million per night as of Leno's departure in 2009.[54] In the final months of his first stint as host of The Tonight Show, Leno beat Letterman in the ratings by a 1.3 million viewer margin (5.2 million to 3.9 million), and Nightline and The Late Show were virtually tied.[55] Once O'Brien took over Tonight, however, Letterman closed the gap in the ratings.[56][57][58] O'Brien initially drove the median age of Tonight Show viewers from 55 to 45, with most older viewers opting to watch The Late Show instead.[59]
Following Leno's return to The Tonight Show, however, Leno has regained his lead.[60]
Letterman's shows have garnered both critical and industry praise, receiving 67 Emmy Award nominations, winning 12 times in his first 20 years in late night television. From 1993–2009, Letterman ranked higher than Leno in the annual Harris Poll of Nation's Favorite TV Personality 12 times.[61] For example, in 2003 and 2004 Letterman ranked second in that poll, behind only Oprah Winfrey, a year that Leno was ranked fifth.[62] Leno was higher than Letterman on that poll three times during the same period, in 1998, 2007, and 2008.[61]
Hosting the Academy Awards[link]
On March 27, 1995, Letterman acted as the host for the 67th Academy Awards ceremony. Critics blasted[63] Letterman for what they deemed a poor hosting of the Oscars, noting that his irreverent style undermined the traditional importance and glamor of the event.[citation needed] In a joke about their unusual names (inspired by a similar joke by Woody Allen), he started off by introducing Uma Thurman to Oprah Winfrey, and then both of them to Keanu Reeves: "Oprah...Uma. Uma...Oprah," "Have you kids met Keanu?"[64] This and many of his other jokes fell flat.[citation needed] Although Letterman attracted the highest ratings to the annual telecast since 1983, many felt that the bad publicity garnered by Letterman's hosting caused a decline in the Late Show's ratings.[65]
Letterman recycled the apparent debacle into a long-running gag. On his first show after the Oscars, he joked, "Looking back, I had no idea that thing was being televised." He lampooned his stint two years later, during Billy Crystal's opening Oscar skit, which also parodied the plane-crashing scenes from that year's chief nominated film, The English Patient.
For years afterward, Letterman recounted his hosting the Oscars, although the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences continued to hold Letterman in high regard and they had invited him to host the Oscars again.[66][67] On September 7, 2010, he made an appearance on the premiere of the 14th season of The View, and confirmed that he had been considered for hosting again.
Heart surgery hiatus[link]
On January 14, 2000, a routine check-up revealed that an artery in Letterman's heart was severely obstructed. He was rushed to emergency surgery for a quintuple bypass.[68]
During the initial weeks of his recovery, reruns of the Late Show were shown and introduced by friends of Letterman including Drew Barrymore,[58] Ray Romano, Robin Williams, Bonnie Hunt, Megan Mullally, Bill Murray, Regis Philbin, Charles Grodin, Nathan Lane, Julia Roberts,[58] Bruce Willis, Jerry Seinfeld, Martin Short, Steven Seagal, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Danny DeVito, Steve Martin, and Sarah Jessica Parker.
Subsequently, while still recovering from surgery, Letterman revived the late night tradition that had virtually disappeared on network television during the 1990s of 'guest hosts' by allowing Bill Cosby, Kathie Lee Gifford (recommended by Regis Philbin, who was asked first but had no time in his schedule), Dana Carvey, Janeane Garofalo, and others to host new episodes of The Late Show. Cosby—the show's first guest host—refused to sit at Letterman's desk out of respect, using the couch instead; Garofalo followed suit, utilizing a set of grade-school desks instead.
Upon his return to the show on February 21, 2000, Letterman brought all of the doctors and nurses on stage who had participated in his surgery and recovery (with extra teasing of a nurse who had given him bed baths—"This woman has seen me naked!"),[69] including Dr. O. Wayne Isom and physician Louis Aronne, who frequently appears on the show. In a show of emotion, Letterman was nearly in tears as he thanked the health care team with the words "These are the people who saved my life!" The episode earned an Emmy nomination. For a number of episodes, Letterman continued to crack jokes about his bypass, including saying, "Bypass surgery: it's when doctors surgically create new blood flow to your heart. A bypass is what happened to me when I didn't get The Tonight Show! It's a whole different thing." In a later running gag he lobbied his home state of Indiana to rename the freeway circling Indianapolis (I-465) "The David Letterman Bypass." He also featured a montage of faux news coverage of his bypass surgery, which included a clip of Dave's heart for sale on the Home Shopping Network. Letterman became friends with his doctors and nurses. In 2008, a Rolling Stone interview stated "he hosted a doctor and nurse who'd helped perform the emergency quintuple-bypass heart surgery that saved his life in 2000. 'These are people who were complete strangers when they opened my chest,' he says. 'And now, eight years later, they're among my best friends.' "[4]
Additionally, Letterman invited the band Foo Fighters to play "Everlong",[70] introducing them as "my favorite band, playing my favorite song."[71] During a later Foo Fighters appearance, Letterman said that Foo Fighters had been in the middle of a South American tour which they canceled to come play on his comeback episode.
Letterman again handed over the reins of the show to several guest hosts (including Bill Cosby, Brad Garrett, Elvis Costello, John McEnroe, Vince Vaughn, Will Ferrell, Bonnie Hunt, Luke Wilson and bandleader Paul Shaffer) in February 2003, when he was diagnosed with a severe case of shingles. Later that year, Letterman made regular use of guest hosts—including Tom Arnold and Kelsey Grammer—for new shows broadcast on Fridays. In March 2007, Adam Sandler—who had been scheduled to be the lead guest—served as a guest host while Letterman was ill with a stomach virus.[72]
Re-signing with CBS[link]
In March 2002, as Letterman's contract with CBS neared expiration, ABC offered him the time slot for long-running news program Nightline with Ted Koppel. Letterman was interested as he believed he could never match Leno's ratings at CBS due to Letterman's complaint of weaker lead-ins from the network's late local news programs, but was reluctant to replace Koppel.[73] Letterman addressed his decision to re-sign on the air, stating that he was content at CBS and that he had great respect for Koppel.
On December 4, 2006, CBS revealed that Letterman signed a new contract to host The Late Show with David Letterman through the fall of 2010. "I'm thrilled to be continuing on at CBS," said Letterman. "At my age you really don't want to have to learn a new commute."[74] Letterman further joked about the subject by pulling up his right pants leg, revealing a tattoo, presumably temporary, of the ABC logo.
"Thirteen years ago, David Letterman put CBS late night on the map and in the process became one of the defining icons of our network," said Leslie Moonves, president and CEO of CBS Corporation. "His presence on our air is an ongoing source of pride, and the creativity and imagination that the Late Show puts forth every night is an ongoing display of the highest quality entertainment. We are truly honored that one of the most revered and talented entertainers of our time will continue to call CBS 'home.'"[75]
According to a 2007 article in Forbes magazine, Letterman earned $40 million a year.[76] A 2009 article in The New York Times, however, said his salary was estimated at $32 million per year.[77] In June 2009, Letterman's Worldwide Pants and CBS reached agreement to continue the Late Show until at least August 2012. The previous contract had been set to expire in 2010, and the two-year extension is shorter than the typical three-year contract period negotiated in the past.[77] Worldwide Pants agreed to lower its fee for the show, though it had remained a "solid moneymaker for CBS" under the previous contract.[77]
On the February 3, 2011, edition of the Late Show, during an interview with Howard Stern, Letterman said he would continue to do his talk show for "maybe two years, I think."[78]
2007–2008 writers' strike[link]
The Late Show went off air for eight weeks during the months of November and December because of the Writers Guild of America strike. Letterman's production company—Worldwide Pants—was the first company to make an individual agreement with the WGA,[79] thus allowing his show to come back on air on January 2, 2008. On his first episode since being off air, he surprised the viewing audience with his newly grown beard, which signified solidarity with the strike.[80] His beard was shaved off during the show on January 7, 2008.
Controversy over jokes about daughter of Sarah Palin[link]
On June 8 and June 9, 2009, Letterman told a sexually-themed joke on his show each night about a daughter of Sarah Palin.[81] Palin was in New York City at the time with her fourteen year-old daughter, Willow, and the jokes were said to be aimed at the daughter, never named, who was visiting New York City with her mother.[81] Palin criticized the jokes, saying in a statement posted on the internet that "I doubt he'd ever dare make such comments about anyone else's daughter," and "laughter incited by sexually-perverted comments made by a 62-year-old male celebrity aimed at a 14-year-old girl" is "disgusting."[82] On June 10, Letterman responded to the controversy on his show by stating that the jokes were meant to be about Palin's eighteen year-old daughter, Bristol, whose pregnancy as an unmarried teenager had caused controversy during the 2008 Presidential election, and that "(t)hese are not jokes made about (Palin's) 14-year-old daughter. I would never, never make jokes about raping or having sex of any description with a 14-year-old girl."[82] His remarks didn't put an end to the public criticism, however, with the National Organization for Women, who supported Palin in a statement, noting he had given only "something of an apology."[81] With the controversy not subsiding, Letterman addressed the issue again on his June 15 show, faulting himself for the error and apologizing "especially to the two daughters involved, Bristol and Willow, and also to the governor and her family and everybody else who was outraged by the joke."[83]
Letterman and Carson[link]
In spite of Johnny Carson's clear intention to pass his title to Letterman, NBC selected Jay Leno to host The Tonight Show after Carson's departure.[84] Letterman maintained a close relationship with Carson through his break with NBC. Three years after he left for CBS, HBO produced a made-for-television movie called The Late Shift, based on a book by New York Times reporter Bill Carter, chronicling the battle between Letterman and Leno for the coveted Tonight Show hosting spot. Letterman would mock the film for months afterward, specifically on how the actor playing him, John Michael Higgins, did not resemble him in the least.[citation needed]
Carson later made a few cameo appearances as a guest on Letterman's show. Carson's final television appearance came May 13, 1994, on a Late Show episode taped in Los Angeles, when he made a surprise appearance during a 'Top 10 list' segment. The audience went wild as Letterman stood up and proudly invited Carson to sit at his desk. The applause was so protracted that Carson was unable to say anything, and he finally returned backstage as the applause continued (it was later explained that Carson had laryngitis, though Carson can be heard talking to Letterman during his appearance).
In early 2005, it was revealed that Carson still kept up with current events and late-night TV right up to his death that year, and that he occasionally sent jokes to Letterman, who used these jokes in his monologue; according to CBS senior vice president Peter Lassally (a onetime producer for both men), Carson got "a big kick out of it."[85] Letterman would do a characteristic Johnny Carson golf swing after delivering one of Carson's jokes. In a tribute to Carson, all of the opening monologue jokes during the first show following Carson's death were written by Carson.
Lassally also claimed that Carson had always believed Letterman, not Leno, to be his "rightful successor."[86] Letterman also frequently employs some of Carson's trademark bits on his show, including "Carnac the Magnificent" (with Paul Shaffer as Carnac), "Stump the Band" and the "Week in Review."
Letterman and Oprah Winfrey[link]
Letterman and Oprah had a 16 year feud which according to Letterman started when he and his girlfriend decided to skip out on a bill, tricking the waiter into thinking Oprah agreed to pay it.[87]
On September 10, 2007, Letterman made his first appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show at Madison Square Garden in New York City. He shared pictures of his son and live-in girlfriend. The so-called feud between Letterman and Winfrey apparently ended in 2005 when Winfrey appeared on CBS's Late Show with David Letterman on December 2, in an event Letterman jokingly referred to as "the Super Bowl of Love".[88] Winfrey had previously appeared on Letterman's show when he was hosting NBC's Late Night on May 2, 1989.
Winfrey and Letterman also appeared together in a Late Show promo that aired during CBS's coverage of Super Bowl XLI in February 2007, with the two sitting next to each other on the couch watching the game. Since the game was played between the Indianapolis Colts and Chicago Bears, the Indianapolis-born Letterman wears a Peyton Manning jersey, while Winfrey—who tapes her show in Chicago—is in a Brian Urlacher jersey.[89] Three years later, during CBS's coverage of Super Bowl XLIV, the two appeared again, this time with Winfrey sitting on a couch between Letterman and Jay Leno. The appearance was Letterman's idea: Leno flew to New York City in an NBC corporate jet, sneaking into the Ed Sullivan Theater during the Late Show's February 4 taping wearing a disguise, meeting Winfrey and Letterman at a living room set created in the theater's balcony where they taped their promo.[90]
Response to Internet death threat[link]
On August 17, 2011, it was reported that a Muslim militant had posted a death threat against Letterman on a website frequented by Al-Qaeda supporters, calling on American Muslims to kill Letterman for making a joke about the death of an Al-Qaeda leader killed in a drone strike in Pakistan in June 2011.[91] In his show on August 22, Letterman joked about the threat, saying "State Department authorities are looking into this. They're not taking this lightly. They're looking into it. They're questioning, they're interrogating, there's an electronic trail—but everybody knows it's Leno."[92]
Appearances in other media[link]
Letterman appeared in issue 239 of the Marvel comic book The Avengers, in which the title characters are guests on Late Night.[93] A parody of Letterman, named "David Endochrine," is gassed to death along with his bandleader named "Paul" and their audience in Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns.[94]
Letterman appeared in the pilot episode of the short-lived 1986 series "Coach Toast", and he appears with a bag over his head as a guest on Bonnie Hunt's ca. 1993 sitcom The Building. He also appears in The Simpsons, as himself in a couch gag when The Simpsons find themselves (and the couch) in "Late Night with David Letterman." He had a cameo in the feature film Cabin Boy, with Chris Elliott, who worked as a writer on Letterman's show. In this and other appearances, Letterman is listed in the credits as "Earl Hofert", the name of Letterman's maternal grandfather. He also appeared as himself in the Howard Stern biopic Private Parts as well as the 1999 Andy Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon, in a few episodes of Garry Shandling's 1990s TV series The Larry Sanders Show and in "The Abstinence", a 1996 episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. Letterman also made an uncredited appearance in the first episode of the third season of the sitcom The Nanny.
Letterman provided vocals for the Warren Zevon song "Hit Somebody" from My Ride's Here,[95] and provided the voice for Butt-head's father in the 1996 animated film Beavis and Butt-head Do America.
In 2010, a documentary Dying to Do Letterman was released directed by Joke Fincioen and Biagio Messina featuring Steve Mazan, a stand up comic, who has cancer and wants to appear on the Letterman Show. The film won Best Documentary and Jury Awards at the Cinequest Film Festival.[96] Steve Mazan published a same-titled book (full title, Dying to Do Letterman: Turning Someday into Today) about his own saga.[97]
Known for rarely giving television interviews, Letterman appeared as an exclusive guest on CNN's Piers Morgan Tonight on May 29, 2012. He was interviewed for one full hour by a long-time friend and fellow television host Regis Philbin, who guest hosted the show during Piers Morgan's leave during that week.
Other projects[link]
Worldwide Pants[link]
Letterman started his own production company—Worldwide Pants Incorporated—which produced his show and several others, including Everybody Loves Raymond, The Late Late Show, and several critically acclaimed, but short-lived television series for Bonnie Hunt. Worldwide Pants also produced the dramedy program Ed, which aired on NBC from 2000–2004. It was Letterman's first association with NBC since he left the network in 1993. During Ed's run, the star, Tom Cavanagh, appeared as a guest on The Late Show several times.
In 2005, Worldwide Pants produced its first feature film, Strangers with Candy, which was a prequel to the Comedy Central TV series of the same title. In 2007, Worldwide Pants produced the ABC comedy series, Knights of Prosperity.
Worldwide Pants made significant news in December 2007 when it was announced that Letterman's company had independently negotiated its own contract with the Writers Guild of America, East, thus allowing Letterman, Craig Ferguson, and their writers to return to work, while the union continued its strike against production companies, networks and studios who had not reached an agreement.
Record company[link]
In late April 2010, several music industry websites reported that Letterman started a record label named Clear Entertainment/C.E. Music and signed his first artist, Runner Runner.[98][99] Lucy Walsh announced on her MySpace page that she has been signed by Letterman and Clear Entertainment/C.E. Music and is working on her album.
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing[link]
Main article: Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing (RLLR) is an auto racing team that currently races in the American Le Mans Series, and part-time in the Indy Racing League. It is co-owned by 1986 Indianapolis 500 winner Bobby Rahal, businessman Mike Lanigan, and Letterman himself, and is based in Hilliard, Ohio. The team won the 2004 Indianapolis 500 with driver Buddy Rice. Letterman was a pit reporter for ABC in the 1971 Indianapolis 500.[21]
American Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming[link]
Main article: American Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming
American Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming is Letterman's private foundation. Through it, Letterman has donated millions of dollars to charities and other non-profits in Indiana and Montana, celebrity-affiliated organizations such as Paul Newman's Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, universities such as Ball State, and other organizations such as the American Cancer Society, Salvation Army, and Doctors Without Borders.
Personal life[link]
Marriages and long-term relationships[link]
In 1969, Letterman married Michelle Cook; the marriage ended by divorce in 1977.[100] He also had a long-term relationship with former head writer and producer on Late Night, Merrill Markoe. Markoe was the mind behind several Late Night staples, such as "Stupid Pet/Human Tricks".
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Wikinews has related news: TV late night show host David Letterman marries girlfriend of 23 years |
Letterman has a son, Harry Joseph Letterman (born on November 3, 2003), with Regina Lasko. Harry is named after Letterman's father.[101] In 2005, police discovered a plot to kidnap Harry Letterman and ransom him for $5 million. Kelly Frank, a house painter who had worked for Letterman, was charged in the conspiracy.[102]
Letterman and Lasko, who had been together since 1986, wed on March 19, 2009, during a quiet courthouse civil ceremony in Choteau, Montana, where he purchased a ranch in 1999.[103][104][105] Letterman announced the marriage during the taping of his March 23 show, shortly after congratulating Bruce Willis for getting married the previous week. Letterman told the audience he nearly missed the ceremony because his truck became stuck in mud two miles from their house.[106] The family resides in North Salem, New York, on a 108-acre (44 ha) estate.[107]
Stalking incident[link]
Beginning in May 1988, Letterman was stalked by Margaret Mary Ray, a woman suffering from schizophrenia. She once stole his Porsche, repeatedly broke into his house, and camped out on his tennis court. Her exploits drew national attention, and Letterman occasionally joked about her behavior in his show, although never mentioning her name. After she committed suicide in 1998, Letterman told the New York Times that he had had great compassion for her,[108] and publicly expressed sympathy.[109]
[edit] Extortion attempt and revelation of affairs
On his October 1, 2009, show, Letterman announced that he had been the victim of an extortion attempt by someone threatening to reveal that he had had sex with several of his female employees, and at the same time, he confirmed that he had had such relationships.[110] He stated that three weeks earlier (on September 9, 2009) someone had left a package in his car with material he said he would write into a screenplay and a book if Letterman did not pay him $2 million. Letterman said that he contacted the Manhattan District Attorney's office, ultimately cooperating with them to conduct a sting operation involving giving the man a phony check.[111] Subsequently, Robert J. "Joe" Halderman, a producer of the CBS true crime journalism series 48 Hours, was arrested after trying to deposit the check. He was indicted by a Manhattan grand jury and pleaded not guilty to a charge of attempted grand larceny on October 2, 2009.[112] Eventually, on March 9, 2010, he pleaded guilty to this same felony and served a 6-month jail sentence, followed by probation and community service.[113]
A central figure in the case and one of the women Letterman had had a sexual relationship with was his longtime personal assistant Stephanie Birkitt, who often appeared with him on his show. She had also worked for 48 Hours.[114] Until a month prior to the revelations, she had shared a residence with Halderman,[115] who allegedly had copied her personal diary and used it, along with private emails, in the blackmail package.[116]
On October 3, 2009, a former CBS employee, Holly Hester, announced that she and Letterman had engaged in a year-long "secret" affair in the early 1990s while she was his intern and a student at New York University.[117]
In the days following the initial announcement of the affairs and the arrest, several prominent women, including Kathie Lee Gifford, co-host of NBC's Today Show, and NBC news anchor Ann Curry questioned whether Letterman's affairs with subordinates created an unfair working environment.[118] A spokesman for Worldwide Pants said that the company's sexual harassment policy did not prohibit sexual relationships between managers and employees.[119] According to business news reporter Eve Tahmincioglu, "CBS suppliers are supposed to follow the company's business conduct policies" and the CBS 2008 Business Conduct Statement states that "If a consenting romantic or sexual relationship between a supervisor and a direct or indirect subordinate should develop, CBS requires the supervisor to disclose this information to his or her Company's Human Resources Department..."[120]
On October 5, 2009, Letterman devoted a segment of his show to a public apology to his wife and staff.[121][122] Three days later, Worldwide Pants announced that Birkitt had been placed on a "paid leave of absence" from the Late Show.[123] On October 15, CBS News announced that the company's Chief Investigative Correspondent, Armen Keteyian, had been assigned to conduct an "in-depth investigation" into Halderman's blackmail of Letterman.[124]
Awards and honors[link]
Awards[link]
Main article: List of David Letterman awards
In his capacities as either a writer, producer, performer, or as part of a writing team, Letterman is among the most nominated people in Emmy Award history with 52 nominations, winning two Daytime Emmys and five Primetime Emmys since 1981. His nomination record is second only to producer Jac Venza, who holds the record for the most Emmy nominations for an individual (57). Letterman has been nominated every year since 1984, when he first appeared on late night television as the host of Late Night with David Letterman. Additionally, he has won four American Comedy Awards. Letterman was the first recipient of the Johnny Carson Award for Comedic Excellence at The Comedy Awards in 2011.
David Letterman Communication and Media Building[link]
On September 7, 2007, Letterman visited his alma mater, Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, for the dedication of a communications facility named in his honor for his dedication to the university throughout his career as a comedian. The $21 million, 75,000-square-foot (7,000 m2) David Letterman Communication and Media Building opened for the 2007 fall semester. It features state-of-the-art recording equipment and facilities. Thousands of Ball State students, faculty, and local residents welcomed Letterman back to Indiana.[125] Letterman's emotional speech touched on his struggles as a college student and his late father, and also included the "top ten good things about having your name on a building", finishing with, "if reasonable people can put my name on a $21 million building, anything is possible."[126]
At the same time, Letterman also received a Sagamore of the Wabash award given by Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels, which recognizes distinguished service to the state of Indiana.[125]
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- ^ The Avengers meet David Letterman reviewed at misterkitty.org
- ^ Review of The Dark Knight Returns at Batman-on-film.com
- ^ Warren Zevon : Hit Somebody (The Hockey Song) from Artistdirect
- ^ Dying to Do Letterman official website
- ^ The Book Tree: Book Review - Dying to Do Letterman
- ^ Runner Runner sign to EMI
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- ^ Biography for David Letterman at the Internet Movie Database
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- ^ Dave's domain from the March 22, 2007 "Gimme Shelter" column in the New York Post
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- ^ Martinez, Edecio (October 2, 2009). "Robert Joe Halderman, 48 Hours Producer, Named in David Letterman Sex Extortion Plot". CBSnews.com. http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/10/02/crimesider/entry5357903.shtml?tag=cbsnewsCrimesiderArea.0.
- ^ Honan, Edith (September 2, 2009). "Suspect in Letterman extortion pleads not guilty". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE5910GR20091002. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ Grace, Melissa; Boyle, Christina; McShane, Larry (March 9, 2010). "Ex-CBS producer Robert Halderman pleads guilty to blackmailing David Letterman over intern affairs". NY Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ny_crime/2010/03/09/2010-03-09_david_letterman_blackmailer_robert_halderman_will_plead_guilty_take_sixmonth_jai.html. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Shea, Danny (October 2, 2009). "Stephanie Birkitt". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/10/02/stephanie-birkitt-letterm_n_307558.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ Carter, Bill; Stelter, Brian (October 2, 2009). "Letterman Extortion Raises Questions for CBS". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/03/business/media/03extort.html.
- ^ "Stephanie Birkitt Secret Diary at Center of Letterman Sex Extortion, Say Cops". CBS News/Associated press. October 5, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/10/05/crimesider/entry5364879.shtml. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ Cahalan, Sussanah; Karni, Annie; Cohen, Stephanie (October 4, 2009). "'Late Show' staff gals got plenty of 'advances'". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/late_show_staff_gals_got_plenty_QzBeMomGK52ixJtyl0Z8kI. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ "Will women viewers turn away from Letterman?". Associated Press. October 4, 2009. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/33167148/ns/today-entertainment/t/will-women-viewers-turn-away-letterman/. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
- ^ Gold, Matea; Collins, Scott (October 3, 2009). "David Letterman affair is no joke". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/tv/la-et-letterman3-2009oct03,0,257832,full.story. Retrieved 2009-10-04. "'We have a written policy in our employee manual that covers harassment,' the spokesman said in a statement. 'It is circulated to every employee every year. Dave is not in violation of our policy and no one has ever raised a complaint against him.'"
- ^ Tahmincioglu, Eve (October 4, 2009). "Sleeping with the boss often leads to trouble: Policies on workplace romances aim to limit legal liabilities". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33146450/ns/business-careers/. Retrieved 2009-10-04. "If a consenting romantic or sexual relationship between a supervisor and a direct or indirect subordinate should develop, CBS requires the supervisor to disclose this information to his or her Company's Human Resources Department to ensure that there are no issues of actual or apparent favoritism, conflict of interest, sexual harassment, or any other negative impact on others in the work environment."
- ^ "Letterman apologizes to wife on Monday's show: Late-night host says Regina Lasko has been 'horribly hurt' by his behavior". Associated Press. MSNBC. October 5, 2009-. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33184320/ns/entertainment-television/. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ Doug Ganley et al (October 5, 2009). "Letterman makes in-studio apology to wife, staffers". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/TV/10/05/david.letterman.apology/. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ "David Letterman's former mistress Stephanie Birkitt banned from Late Show set". London Telegraph. October 8, 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/6271085/David-Lettermans-former-mistress-Stephanie-Birkitt-banned-from-Late-Show-set.html. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
- ^ Mangan, Dan (October 15, 2009). "Network's correspondent probing Dave's extortion scandal". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/item_d9zwWsNX2hw5DMFJsuh5LO. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
- ^ a b Lloyd, Christopher (September 8, 2007). "It's no joke: Ball State dedicates building in Letterman's honor". indystar.com. http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200781121039.
- ^ Ball State University (September 7, 2007). David Letterman Communication and Media Building (videos). http://www.bsu.edu/web/news/letterman/.
External links[link]
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This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (April 2012) |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: David Letterman |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: David Letterman |
- David Letterman at the Open Directory Project
- David Letterman at the Internet Movie Database
- David Letterman's Feb. 24, 1978 appearance on 90 Minutes Live
- Official Late Show biography
- 1999 article on Letterman from Salon.com
- Tape of Letterman announcing affairs/extortion attempt on Late Show
- Works by or about David Letterman in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
| Media offices | ||
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| First | Host of Late Night Feb. 1, 1982 – June 25, 1993 |
Succeeded by Conan O'Brien |
| First | Host of The Late Show Aug. 30, 1993 – present |
Incumbent |
| Preceded by Whoopi Goldberg |
Host of the Academy Awards 1995 |
Succeeded by Whoopi Goldberg |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Letterman, David |
| Alternative names | Letterman, Dave |
| Short description | American television personality |
| Date of birth | April 12, 1947 |
| Place of birth | Indianapolis, Indiana, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/David_Letterman
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/David Letterman
http://cs.wn.com/David Letterman
http://id.wn.com/David Letterman
http://es.wn.com/David Letterman
http://ru.wn.com/Леттерман, Дэвид
http://nl.wn.com/David Letterman
http://pl.wn.com/David Letterman
http://fr.wn.com/David Letterman
http://de.wn.com/David Letterman
http://pt.wn.com/David Letterman
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Personal information | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | (1987-10-22) 22 October 1987 (age 24) Helsingør, Denmark |
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| Nationality | Danish | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | 1.92 metres (6 ft 4 in) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight | 93 kilograms (210 lb) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Playing position | Left Back | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Current club | AG København | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| IF Helsingør | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 0000–2005 2005–2008 2008–2010 2010– |
Virum-Sorgenfri HK GOG Svendborg FC Barcelona AG København |
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| National team 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008– | Denmark | 69 (332)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||
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Medal record
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| 1 National team caps and goals correct as of 16 December 2011 |
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Mikkel Hansen (born October 22, 1987) is a Danish handballer, currently playing for Danish Handball League side AG København. He was voted as the best handballer in the world in 2011 by the International Handball Federation.
He joined FC Barcelona in June 2008. He previously played for Danish Handball League club GOG Svendborg, with whom he won the Danish championship in 2007. On 2 June 2010 he returned to Denmark, to play for AG København, after 2 years of playing in Spain.
Mikkel Hansen is also European Champion with the Danish national team, winning the 2012 title in Serbia. He was also selected into the All-Star team of the tournament as the best left back.[2] In 2011 he was a part of the Danish team that finished second in the World Championships in Sweden. He was the tournament's overall top goal scorer.
On 1 March 2012 Hansen was given the IHF World Player of the Year award in recognition of his performances throughout 2011 both on club and international level.[3]
Personal life[link]
His father Flemming Hansen played for the Danish national handball team, where he played 120 national team matches, scored 240 goals and participated in the 1984 Summer Olympics.[4][5]
References[link]
- ^ "2012 Men’s EHF European Championship Official Squad List". European Handball Federation. 16 December 2011. http://cms.eurohandball.com/PortalData/1/Resources/1_ehf_main/Men_s_EHF_EURO_2012_Official_Squads.pdf. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ "All Star Team announced". EHF EURO official website. 29 January 2012. http://www.ehf-euro.com/Singe-News.2275.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=8041&cHash=4c27cee62522ab202ff36d0dc8c3b3b3. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ "Heidi Løke and Mikkel Hansen World Handball Players of the Year 2011". International Handball Federation. 1 March 2012. http://ihf.info//MediaCenter/News/NewsDetails/tabid/130/Default.aspx?ID=1008. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Mikkel går i farmands fodspor". sporten.dk. 2008-06-10. http://www.sporten.dk/diverse/mikkel-gaar-i-farmands-fodspor.
- ^ "HERRE A-LANDSHOLDSPILLERE - FLEMMING HANSEN". håndbold.info. http://www.haslund.info/haandbold/herre/as/hanfle02.asp.
External links[link]
- Barcelona profile
- Sports-Reference profile
- Kan godt li’ presset at Danish Handball Federation
- Mikkel Hansen webpage
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
Preceded by Filip Jícha |
IHF World Player of the Year – Men 2011 |
Succeeded by TBA |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Hansen, Mikkel |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | October 22, 1987 |
| Place of birth | Helsingør, Denmark |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This biographical article related to Danish team handball is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Mikkel_Hansen
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Mikkel Hansen
http://de.wn.com/Mikkel Hansen
http://pl.wn.com/Mikkel Hansen
http://es.wn.com/Mikkel Hansen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikkel_Hansen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
