Name	Charles Bolden
Office	Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
President	Barack Obama
Deputy	Lori Garver
Term start	July 17, 2009
Predecessor	Christopher Scolese (Acting)
Birth date	August 19, 1946
Birth place	Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
Alma mater	United States Naval AcademyUniversity of Southern California
Allegiance	United States
Branch	United States Marine Corps
Serviceyears	1968–2004
Rank	Major general
Commands	I Marine Expeditionary Force (FWD)3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
Battles	Vietnam WarOperation Desert Thunder
Awards	Defense Distinguished Service MedalDefense Superior Service MedalLegion of Merit (2)Distinguished Flying Cross }}

Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr. (born August 19, 1946 in Columbia, South Carolina, United States) is the current Administrator of NASA, a retired United States Marine Corps major general, and former NASA astronaut.

A 1968 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he became a Marine Aviator and test pilot. After his service as an astronaut, he became Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy. On May 23, 2009, President Barack Obama announced the nomination of Bolden as NASA Administrator and Lori Garver as Deputy NASA Administrator. Bolden was confirmed by the Senate on July 15, 2009. He is the first African American to head the agency on a permanent basis.

Bolden is also the virtual host of the Shuttle Launch Experience attraction at Kennedy Space Center and serves on the board of directors for the Military Child Education Coalition.

Education[link]

Bolden graduated from C. A. Johnson High School in Columbia, South Carolina in 1964. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical science from the United States Naval Academy in 1968, and a Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California in 1977. He is a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.

Military career[link]

Bolden accepted a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps following graduation from the United States Naval Academy in 1968. He was president of his class. He underwent flight training at Pensacola, Florida, Meridian, Mississippi, and Kingsville, Texas, before being designated a naval aviator in May 1970. He flew more than 100 sorties into North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia in the A-6A Intruder while assigned to VMA(AW)-533 at Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong, Thailand, from June 1972 to June 1973.

Upon returning to the United States, Bolden began a two-year tour as a Marine Corps selection officer and recruiting officer in Los Angeles, California, followed by three years in various assignments at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California. In June 1979, he was graduated from the United States Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland and was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Systems Engineering and Strike Aircraft Test Directorates. While there, he served as an ordnance test pilot and flew numerous test projects in the A-6E, EA-6B, and A-7C/E airplanes.

He has logged more than 6,000 hours flying time.

Bolden was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980. He was a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps until 1994 when he returned to active duty in the Marine Corps as the Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy, effective June 27, 1994. In July 1997, he was assigned as the Deputy Commanding General of I Marine Expeditionary Force. From February to June 1998, he served as Commanding General, I MEF (FWD) in support of Operation Desert Thunder in Kuwait. In July 1998, he was promoted to his final rank of Major General and assumed his duties as the Deputy Commander, United States Forces Japan. He then served as the Commanding General, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, serving from August 9, 2000 until August 2002. He retired from the military in August 2004.

NASA career[link]

Name	Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr.
Type	NASA Astronaut
Status	Retired (Still Works at NASA)
Selection	1980 NASA Group
Time	28d 08h 37m
Mission	STS-61-C, STS-31, STS-45, STS-60
Insignia	}}

Selected by NASA in May 1980, Bolden became an astronaut in August 1981. His technical assignments included: Astronaut Office Safety Officer; Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations; Special Assistant to the Director of the Johnson Space Center; Astronaut Office Liaison to the Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance Directorates of the Marshall Space Flight Center and the Kennedy Space Center; Chief of the Safety Division at JSC; Lead Astronaut for Vehicle Test and Checkout at the Kennedy Space Center; and Assistant Deputy Administrator, NASA Headquarters. A veteran of four space flights, he has logged over 680 hours in space. Bolden served as pilot on STS-61C (January 12–18, 1986) and STS-31 (April 24–29, 1990), and was the mission commander on STS-45 (March 24, 1992 – April 2, 1992), and STS-60 (February 3–11, 1994).

Bolden was the first person to ride the Launch Complex 39 slidewire baskets which enable rapid escape from a Space Shuttle on the launch pad. The need for a human test was determined following a launch abort on STS-41-D where controllers were afraid to order the crew to use the untested escape system.

Spaceflight experience[link]

On STS-61-C, Bolden piloted Space Shuttle Columbia. During the six-day flight, crew members deployed the SATCOM KU satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. STS-61-C launched from Kennedy Space Center on January 12, 1986. The mission was accomplished in 96 orbits of Earth, ending with a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base on January 18, 1986.

Bolden piloted Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-31. Launched on April 24, 1990 from Kennedy Space Center, the crew spent the five-day mission, deploying the Hubble Space Telescope and conducting a variety of middeck experiments. They also used a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for Earth observations from their record-setting altitude over 400 miles. Following 75 orbits of Earth in 121 hours, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base on April 29, 1990.

On STS-45, Bolden commanded a crew of seven aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis, launched on March 24, 1992 from Kennedy Space Center. STS-45 was the first Spacelab mission dedicated to NASA's ''Mission to Planet'' Earth. During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo. ATLAS-1 obtained a vast array of detailed measurements of atmospheric chemical and physical properties, which contribute significantly to improving our understanding of our climate and atmosphere. In addition, this was the first time an artificial beam of electrons was used to stimulate a man-made auroral discharge. Following 143 orbits of Earth, Atlantis landed at Kennedy Space Center on April 2, 1992.

Bolden commanded STS-60's crew of six aboard Discovery. This was the historic first joint-American/Russian Space Shuttle mission involving the participation of a Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov as a mission specialist crew member. The flight launched on February 3, 1994, from Kennedy Space Center, and carried the Space Habitation Module-2 (SPACEHAB), and the Wake Shield Facility. Additionally, the crew conducted a series of joint U.S./Russian science activities. The mission achieved 130 orbits of the Earth, ending with a landing on February 11, 1994, at the Kennedy Space Center.

Administrator of NASA[link]

In 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Bolden to be administrator of NASA.

In a NASA video, published April 28, 2010 titled "NASA's New Era of Innovation and Discovery", Bolden said: "We're gonna turn science fiction into science fact."

In a June 2010 interview with Arab news outlet Al Jazeera, Bolden said that among his goals for outreach were to help re-inspire children to want to get into science and math, to expand NASA's international relationships, and to reach out to and engage the Muslim world, making better known its historic contribution to science.

Bolden said his agency's long-term ambition is landing astronauts on Mars. However, he has cited spending-cuts as a concern for major NASA projects.

Awards and honors[link]

Bolden's military awards include: {| |- |colspan="4" align="center" | |- |colspan="4" align="center" |   |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- |}

colspan="12" align="center"
colspan="3" align="center"		colspan="3" align="center"
	colspan="3" align="center"	colspan="3" align="center"

He has received an Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from the University of South Carolina (1984), and Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Winthrop College (1986), the University of Southern California Alumni Award of Merit (1989), an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Johnson C. Smith University (1990), and an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Monmouth University (2011).

See also[link]

List of African-American astronauts

List of notable United States Marines

References[link]

External links[link]

Official Biography as Administrator

Official NASA biography

Official USMC Biography

Spacefacts biography of Charles F. Bolden, Jr.

Military Child Education Coalition Board of Directors

Category:1946 births Category:Administrators of NASA Category:American astronauts Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War Category:Living people Category:People from Columbia, South Carolina Category:Recipients of the Air Medal Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States) Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit Category:Recipients of the NASA Space Flight Medal Category:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees Category:United States Marine Corps generals Category:United States Naval Academy alumni Category:University of South Carolina alumni Category:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal Category:Recipients of the Defense Meritorious Service Medal

bg:Чарлс Болдън cs:Charles Bolden da:Charles Bolden de:Charles Frank Bolden et:Charles Bolden es:Charles F. Bolden, Jr. fr:Charles F. Bolden it:Charles Frank Bolden he:צ'ארלס בולדן lv:Čārlzs Boldens nl:Charles Bolden no:Charles F. Bolden pl:Charles F. Bolden, Jr. pt:Charles Bolden Jr. ru:Болден, Чарльз Фрэнк sk:Charles Frank Bolden fi:Charles Bolden sv:Charles F. Bolden

Name	Rick Scott
Order	45th
Office	Governor of Florida
Lieutenant	Jennifer Carroll
Term start	January 4, 2011
Predecessor	Charlie Crist
Birth date	December 01, 1952
Birth place	Bloomington, Illinois, U.S.
Party	Republican Party
Spouse	Ann Scott (née Frances Annette Holland)
Children	2
Alma mater	CitySouthern Methodist University
Profession	Lawyer; business executive
Religion	Evangelical Christian
Allegiance	United States
Branch
Serviceyears	1971–1974
Rank	Petty officer, third class
Unit	''USS Glover''}}

Richard Lynn "Rick" Scott (born December 1, 1952) is a businessman and the 45th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Florida. He served in the U.S. Navy and then went into business. He earned a business degree and law degree and joined a Dallas firm where he became partner. His net worth was almost $219 million USD in 2010, but by 2011 was estimated at $103 million. He spent an estimated $75 million of his own money on his successful 2010 run for Governor of Florida.

In 1987, at age 34, he co-founded Columbia Hospital Corporation with two business partners; this merged with Hospital Corporation of America in 1989 to form Columbia/HCA and eventually became the largest private for-profit health care company in the U.S. He resigned as Chief Executive of Columbia/HCA in 1997 amid a controversy over the company's business and Medicare billing practices; the company ultimately admitted to fourteen felonies and agreed to pay the federal government over $600 million; Scott was not implicated. Scott later became a venture capitalist.

Scott announced his intention to run for Governor of Florida in 2010. He defeated Bill McCollum in the Republican primary election and defeated Democrat Alex Sink in a close race in the 2010 Florida gubernatorial election.

Early life and education[link]

Rick Scott was born in Bloomington, Illinois, the second of five children born to financially struggling parents. He was raised in Kansas City, Missouri, where his father, Orba Scott, was a truck driver, and his mother, Esther, worked as a clerk at J.C. Penney, among other jobs. Scott graduated from high school in 1970, and then attended one year of community college after which he enlisted in the United States Navy. He was in the Navy for 29 months and served on the USS ''Glover'' as a radar technician. He attended college on the GI Bill, later graduating from the University of Missouri–Kansas City with a bachelor's degree in business administration and earned a law degree by working his way through Southern Methodist University.

In 1972, he married his high school sweetheart, Frances Annette "Ann" Holland; they have two daughters. They live in Naples and are founding members of Naples Community Church.

Early business career[link]

Scott made his first foray into business while working his way through college and law school, initially buying and reviving two Kansas City donut shops. After graduating from law school, Scott practiced law in Dallas, Texas. He was a partner at Johnson & Swanson, which was the largest law firm in Dallas at that time. A major client was Tom Hicks of HM Capital Partners.

Scott history at Columbia Hospital Corporation[link]

In April 1987, Scott made his first attempt to buy the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). While still a partner at Johnson & Swanson, Scott formed the HCA Acquisition Company with two former executives of Republic Health Corporation, Charles Miller and Richard Ragsdale. With financing from Citicorp conditional on acquisition of HCA, the proposed holding company offered $3.85 billion for 80 million shares at $47 each, intending to assume an additional $1.2 billion in debt, for a total $5 billion deal. However, HCA declined the offer, and the bid was withdrawn.

In 1988, Scott and Richard Rainwater, a financier from Fort Worth, each put up $125,000 in working capital in their new company, Columbia Hospital Corporation, and borrowed the remaining money needed to purchase two struggling hospitals in El Paso for $60 million. Then they acquired a neighboring hospital and shut it down. Within a year, the remaining two were doing much better. By the end of 1989, Columbia Hospital Corporation owned four hospitals with a total of 833 beds.

In 1992, Columbia made a stock purchase of Basic American Medical, which owned eight hospitals, primarily in southwestern Florida. In September 1993, Columbia did another stock purchase, worth $3.4 billion, of Galen Healthcare, which had been spun off by Humana Inc. several months earlier. At the time, Galen had approximately 90 hospitals. After the purchase, Galen stockholders had 82 percent of the stock in the combined company, with Scott still running the company.

In 1994, Columbia purchased Scott's former acquisition target, HCA, which had approximately 100 hospitals. In 1995, Columbia purchased Healthtrust, which had approximately 80 hospitals, primarily in rural communities. By 1997, Columbia/HCA had become the world's largest health care provider with more than 340 hospitals, 130 surgery centers, and 550 home health locations in 38 states and two foreign countries. With annual revenues in excess of $23 billion, the company employed more than 285,000 people, making it the seventh largest U.S. employer and the twelfth largest employer worldwide. Based on market capitalization, Columbia ranked in the top 50 companies in America and top 100 worldwide. That same year, the company was recognized by ''Business Week'' magazine as one of the 50 Best Performing Companies of the S&P; 500.

Columbia/HCA fraud case details[link]

On March 19, 1997, investigators from the FBI, the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of Health and Human Services served search warrants at Columbia/HCA facilities in El Paso and on dozens of doctors with suspected ties to the company. The Columbia/HCA board of directors pressured Scott to resign as Chairman and CEO following the inquiry. He was paid $9.88 million in a settlement. He also left owning 10 million shares of stock worth over $350 million. In 1999, Columbia/HCA changed its name back to HCA, Inc.

In settlements reached in 2000 and 2002, Columbia/HCA pled guilty to 14 felonies and agreed to a $600+ million fine in the largest fraud settlement in US history. Columbia/HCA admitted systematically overcharging the government by claiming marketing costs as reimbursable, by striking illegal deals with home care agencies, and by filing false data about use of hospital space. They also admitted fraudulently billing Medicare and other health programs by inflating the seriousness of diagnoses and to giving doctors partnerships in company hospitals as a kickback for the doctors referring patients to HCA. They filed false cost reports, fraudulently billing Medicare for home health care workers, and paid kickbacks in the sale of home health agencies and to doctors to refer patients. In addition, they gave doctors "loans" never intending to be repaid, free rent, free office furniture, and free drugs from hospital pharmacies.

In late 2002, HCA agreed to pay the U.S. government $631 million, plus interest, and pay $17.5 million to state Medicaid agencies, in addition to $250 million paid up to that point to resolve outstanding Medicare expense claims. In all, civil law suits cost HCA more than $2 billion to settle, by far the largest fraud settlement in US history.

Venture capitalist[link]

After his departure from Columbia/HCA in 1997, Scott launched Richard L. Scott Investments, based in Naples, Florida (originally in Stamford, Connecticut), which has stakes in health care, manufacturing and technology companies. Between 1998 and 2001, Scott purchased 50% of CyberGuard Corporation for approximately $10 million. Among his investors was Metro Nashville finance director David Manning. In 2006, CyberGuard was sold to Secure Computing for over $300 million. In February 2005, Scott purchased Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. (CSP) in Detroit, Michigan. In July 2006, CSP purchased Budd Plastics from ThyssenKrupp, making Continental Structural Plastics the largest industrial composites molder in North America. In 2005-06, Scott provided the initial round of funding of $3 million to Alijor.com, which offered hospitals, physicians, and other health care providers the opportunity to post information about their prices, hours, locations, insurance accepted, and personal backgrounds online. The company was founded with his daughter Allison. In 2008, Alijor was sold to HealthGrades.

In May 2008, Scott purchased Drives, one of the world's leading independent designers and manufacturers of heavy-duty drive chain-based products and assemblies for industrial and agricultural applications and precision-engineered augers for agricultural, material handling, construction and related applications.

Scott reportedly has an interest in a chain of family fun centers/bowling alleys, S&S; Family Entertainment, in Kentucky and Tennessee led by Larry Schmittou, one of baseball's legendary minor league owners.

America's Health Network (AHN)[link]

In July 1997, Columbia/HCA Healthcare purchased controlling interest in America's Health Network (AHN), the first 24-hour health care cable channel. They pulled out of the deal on the day of the closing because Scott and Vanderwater were terminated, which caused the immediate layoffs of more than 250 people in Orlando. Later that same year, Scott became majority owner of AHN.

In 1998, Scott and former Columbia/HCA Healthcare President David Vandewater were the leaders in a group of investors that gave AHN a major infusion of cash so that the company could continue to operate. By early 1999, the network was available in 9.5 million American homes.

In mid-1999 AHN merged with Fit TV, a subsidiary of Fox; the combination was renamed The Health Network. Later that year, in a deal between News Corp., the owner of Fox Network, and WebMD, the latter received half-ownership of The Health Network. WebMD planned to relaunch The Health Network as WebMD Television in the fall of 2000, with new programming, but that company announced cutbacks and restructuring in September 2000, and in January 2001, Fox regained 100% ownership. In September 2001, Fox Cable Networks Group sold The Health Network to its main rival, the Discovery Health Channel, for $155 million in cash plus a 10 percent equity stake in Discovery Health.

Solantic[link]

Solantic, based in Jacksonville, Florida, was co-founded in 2001 by Rick Scott and Karen Bowling, a former television anchor whom Scott met after Columbia bought what is now Memorial Hospital (in Jacksonville, Florida) in 1995. Solantic opened its first urgent care center in 2002. It provides urgent care services, immunizations, physicals, drug screening, and care for injured workers. The corporation attracts patients who do not have insurance, cannot get appointments with their primary care physicians, or do not have primary care physicians. Solantic is purportedly an alternative to the emergency room care that these types of patients often seek, or for not seeing a doctor at all.

In 2006, Scott said that his plans for Solantic were to establish a national brand of medical clinics. In August 2007, the company received a $40 million investment from a private equity firm and said that it expected to open 35 clinics by the end of 2009, with annual revenues of $100 million once all these clinics were open, compared to $20 million at the time. As of March 2009, Solantic had 24 centers, all located in Florida.

Solantic was the target of an employment discrimination suit, which allegedly claimed that from a Scott-directed policy to not hire elderly or overweight applicants, preferring 'mainstream' candidates. It was settled for an undisclosed sum on May 23, 2007.

Pharmaca[link]

In 2003, Scott invested $5.5 million in Pharmaca Integrative Pharmacies, which operates drugstores/pharmacies that offer vitamins, herbal medicine, skin products, homeopathic medicines, and prescriptions. Other investors in Pharmaca include Tom Stemberg, founder and former CEO of Staples, and Arthur Blank, co-founder of Home Depot.

Other work[link]

In the 1990s, Scott was a partner of George W. Bush as co-owner of the Texas Rangers.

Political career[link]

Conservatives for Patients' Rights[link]

In February 2009, Scott founded Conservatives for Patients' Rights (CPR), which he said was intended to put pressure on Democrats to enact health care legislation based on free-market principles. As of March, Scott had given about $5 million for a planned $20 million ad campaign by CPR. CPR opposes the broad outlines of President Obama's health-care plans and has hired Creative Response Concepts (CRC), a public relations firm which previously worked with the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth among others.

2010 Florida gubernatorial campaign[link]

Scott ran against Democratic nominee Alex Sink. On April 9, 2010, Scott announced his candidacy for the 2010 Republican Party nomination for Governor of Florida. Susie Wiles, former communications chief to Jacksonville Mayor John Peyton, served as his campaign manager, and Tony Fabrizio was his chief pollster. It was reported on May 7 that Scott's campaign had already spent $4.7 million on television and radio ads. Scott's first video advertisement was released to YouTube on April 13.

During the primary campaign, Scott's opponent, Bill McCollum, made an issue of Scott's role at Columbia/HCA. Scott countered that the FBI never targeted him. Marc Caputo of ''Miami Herald'' contended that a 1998 bill sponsored by McCollum would have made it more difficult to prosecute Medicare fraud cases, and was counter to his current views and allegations. Scott won the August primary with approximately 47% percent of the vote, compared to 43% voting for McCollum, with McCollum conceding the race after midnight. By the October 25, 2010 Tampa debate between Scott and Alex Sink, Scott had spent $60 million of his own money on the campaign compared to Democratic opponent Alex Sink's reported $28 million. The ''Fort Myers News Press'' quoted Scott as saying in total he spent $78 million of his own money on the campaign, although other figures indicate he spent slightly over $75 million. He won in the general election for Governor of Florida, defeating Sink by around 68,000 votes, or 1.29%. He assumed office as the 45th Governor of Florida on January 4, 2011.

Redistricting amendments[link]

In the 2010 elections, Florida voters passed constitutional amendments banning gerrymandering of congressional and legislative districts. In February 2011, Scott withdrew a request to the United States Department of Justice to approve these amendments, which, according to ''The Miami Herald'', might delay the implementation of the redistricting plan because the Voting Rights Act requires preclearance of state laws likely to have an impact on minority representation. Scott said he wants to make sure that redistricting is done properly. Several advocacy groups sued Scott in federal court to compel Scott to resubmit the acts to the Justice Department. Richard Pildes, a professor of constitutional law and expert on election law at New York University School of Law, called Scott's actions "extraordinary" because Scott was "essentially using a federal law obligation that binds the states to attempt to avoid enforcing a state law that he apparently would prefer the state had not adopted."

Rejection of federal funding for high-speed rail[link]

On February 16, 2011, Scott rejected $2.3 billion in federal funding to develop high-speed rail between Tampa and Orlando. Scott cited concerns about ridership and cost overruns. In response, a veto-proof majority in the Florida Senate approved a letter rebuking Scott and asking the Department of Transportation to continue funding. On February 18, United States Senators from Rhode Island Jack Reed and Sheldon Whitehouse sent a letter to Ray LaHood, the United States Secretary of Transportation, to ask LaHood to redirect some of the rail funding intended for Florida to Rhode Island. Reed and Whitehouse said the money would improve Rhode Island's rail system and provide jobs in the state.

On March 1, 2011, two state senators filed a petition with the Florida Supreme Court to compel Scott to accept the rail funds on the grounds Scott lacked constitutional authority to reject funds which had been approved by a prior legislature. On March 4, the Florida Supreme Court held that Scott's rejection of the rail funds did not violate the Florida Constitution.

Port of Miami development[link]

Following his rejection of Central Florida's High Speed Rail project, Scott moved to have the Florida Department of Transportation amend its work plan to include $77 million for dredging the Port of Miami to a depth of 50 feet. Once the port is dredged, Panamax-sized vessels coming through the expanded Panama Canal could load and unload cargo there.

Florida law requiring drug screening for welfare applicants[link]

In June 2011 Scott signed a bill requiring those seeking welfare under the federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program to submit to drug screenings. Applicants who fail a drug test may name another person to receive benefits for their children. In an interview with CNN host Don Lemon, Scott said, "Studies show that people that are on welfare are higher users of drugs than people not on welfare" and "the bottom line is, if they're not using drugs, it's not an issue". Government researchers in 1999-2000 reported "that 9.6 percent of people in families receiving some type of government assistance reported recent drug use, compared to 6.8 percent among people in families receiving no government assistance at all." However preliminary figures show that just 2.5% of applicants tested positive for drugs, with 2% declining to take the test, while the Justice Department estimates that around 6% of Americans overall do drugs.

Election history[link]

2010 Florida Gubernatorial race[link]

Source: Florida Division of Elections

Other[link]

Member of the National Board of the United Way, 1997 to 2003. ''Time Magazine'', America's 25 Most Influential People, June 1996 ''Financial World'' magazine, silver award for the CEO of the Year, 1995 Columbia University, School of Nursing, Second Century Award for Excellence in Health Care, 1995

References[link]

External links[link]

Governor Rick Scott ''official Florida government site''

|- |- |- }} |-

Category:1952 births Category:American Christians Category:Former Presbyterians Category:American businesspeople Category:Eagle Scouts Category:Florida Republicans Category:Governors of Florida Category:Living people Category:Republican Party state governors of the United States Category:Southern Methodist University alumni Category:United States Navy sailors Category:University of Missouri–Kansas City alumni

cs:Rick Scott da:Rick Scott de:Rick Scott fr:Rick Scott it:Rick Scott nl:Rick Scott no:Rick Scott pt:Rick Scott ru:Скотт, Рик sv:Rick Scott vi:Rick Scott

name	Charles Frank
birth date	April 17, 1947
birth place	Olympia, Washington, U.S.
occupation	Actor
spouse	Susan Blanchard (1977-present)
Children	One child }}

Charles R. Frank (born April 17, 1947) is an American actor noted for playing Bret Maverick's cousin Ben Maverick in the 1978 TV-movie ''The New Maverick'' with James Garner and Jack Kelly, and in the short-lived 1979 television series ''Young Maverick''. Graduated with the class of 1969 from Middlebury College in Vermont.

Career[link]

From 1970 to 1974 (and again in 1988 and 1995), Frank played Dr. Jeff Martin on the ABC soap opera ''All My Children''. In 2006, it was announced that the character would be taken over by John James, former of ''Dynasty''.

He also appeared twice on two episodes of ''M*A*S*H'' and once on the CBS family drama, ''Three for the Road''. In 1977 Frank costarred with Deborah Winters and Claude Akins in the television horror film, ''Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo'', directed by Stuart Hagmann.

Also in 1977 Frank played the murder victim in the ''Columbo'' episode entitled, "Try And Catch Me".

In 1979, he appeared as Lester Hackett in four episodes in the CBS miniseries ''The Chisholms''; when the production resumed in 1980, he was replaced in the role by Reid Smith. In 1982, Frank portrayed independently wealthy Stanley Beck on the short lived series ''Filthy Rich''. Frank played astronaut Scott Carpenter in the movie version of Tom Wolfe's novel ''The Right Stuff'' (1983). He costarred with Dennis Weaver in CBS's short-lived (1983–1984) ''Emerald Point N.A.S.''. Frank played Jack Warren, who was married to Susan Dey's character, Celia Mallory, who in the series divorces him to marry another lieutenant, Simon Adams, played by Richard Dean Anderson, later ABCs ''MacGyver''.

Frank was reunited with former co-star Dixie Carter (she played his snide and snobby sister in-law, Carlotta) on her CBS series, ''Designing Women''. In a 1992 episode, Frank played Mark, a date of her character, Julia.

In 2004, Frank narrated ''C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America'', a mockumentary based in an alternate timeline in which the Confederacy won the American Civil War.

Personal life[link]

It was on the set of ''All My Children'' that Frank met his wife Susan Blanchard, who played his character's wife, Mary Kennicott Martin. They married in 1977 and have one child.

References[link]

King, Susan (2003). "Looking back at a film with 'The Right Stuff'; Director Philip Kaufman and some of his stars revisit the making of the 1983 space-race saga." ''Los Angeles Times''. June 7.

Smith, Cecil (1979). "Husband-Wife Co-Stars: New Maverick Faces Long Odds." ''Los Angeles Times''. November 26.

Wakefield, Dan (1976). ''All Her Children''. New York: Doubleday.

External links[link]

Category:American film actors Category:American soap opera actors Category:American television actors Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

birthname	John Herschel Glenn, Jr.
nationality	American
order2	Chairman of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs
term start2	January 3, 1987
term end2	January 3, 1995
preceded2	William V. Roth, Jr.
succeeded2	William V. Roth, Jr.
jr/sr	United States Senator
state	Ohio
party	Democratic
term	December 24, 1974 – January 3, 1999
preceded	Howard Metzenbaum
succeeded	George Voinovich
birth date	July 18, 1921
birth place	Cambridge, Ohio
signature	John Glenn Signature.svg
spouse	Annie Glenn (1943–present)
occupation	PilotAstronautPolitician
religion	Presbyterian
branch	United States NavyUnited States Marine Corps
serviceyears	1941–1965
rank	Colonel
unit	VMJ-353VMF-155VMF-218VMF-3114th Fighter-Interceptor Wing
battles	World War IIKorean War
awards	Distinguished Flying Cross (5)Air MedalPresidential Unit CitationNavy Unit CommendationAmerican Campaign MedalAsiatic-Pacific Campaign MedalWorld War II Victory MedalChina Service MedalNavy Occupation Service MedalNational Defense Service MedalKorean Service MedalUnited Nations Korea MedalROK Presidential Unit Citation }}

John Herschel Glenn, Jr. (born July 18, 1921) is a former United States Marine Corps pilot, astronaut, and United States senator who was the first American to orbit the Earth and the third American in space. Glenn was combat aviator in the Marine Corps and one of the seven elite US military test pilots to be selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (more commonly referred to as "NASA") to test fly and operate the experimental Mercury spacecraft outside of the mesosphere at altitudes above 115 miles (185 km) and at speeds exceeding 5,000 miles per hour (8,000 km/h) to become the first officially recognized American (US) astronauts. He flew the ''Friendship 7'' mission on February 20, 1962. In 1965, Glenn retired from the military and resigned from NASA so he could be eligible to stand for election to public office. As a member of the Democratic Party he was elected to represent Ohio in the United States Senate from 1974 to 1999.

Glenn received a Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 1978. He was inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1990. On October 29, 1998, he became the oldest person to fly in space, and the only one to fly in both the Mercury and Space Shuttle programs, when at age 77, he flew on ''Discovery'' (STS-95). As of , Glenn and M. Scott Carpenter are the last living members of the Mercury Seven.

Early life and military career[link]

John Glenn was born in Cambridge, Ohio, to John Herschel Glenn Sr. and Teresa (née Sproat). He was raised in New Concord, Ohio. Glenn studied science at Muskingum College, and received his private pilot's license as physics course credit in 1941. When the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II, he dropped out of college and enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps; however, the Army did not call him up, and in March 1942 he enlisted as a United States Navy aviation cadet. He trained at Naval Air Station Olathe, where he made his first solo flight in a military aircraft. During advanced training in 1943 at the Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, he was reassigned to the United States Marine Corps. After completing his training, Glenn was assigned to Marine squadron VMJ-353, flying R4D transport planes. He eventually managed a transfer to VMF-155 as an F4U Corsair pilot, and flew 59 combat missions in the South Pacific. He saw action over the Marshall Islands, where he attacked anti-aircraft batteries and dropped bombs on Maloelap. In 1945 he was assigned to Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, where he was promoted to captain shortly before the war ended. Glenn flew patrol missions in North China with the VMF-218 squadron, until it was transferred to Guam. In 1948 he became a flight instructor at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas, then attended the amphibious warfare school and received a staff assignment.

Glenn was next assigned to VMF-311, flying the new F9F Panther jet interceptor. He flew his Panther in 63 combat missions during the Korean War, gaining the dubious nickname "magnet ass" from his apparent ability to attract enemy flak. Twice he returned to base with over 250 flak holes in his aircraft. Glenn flew for a time with Ted Williams, a future hall of fame baseball player for the Boston Red Sox, as his wingman. He also flew with future Major General Ralph H. Spanjer.

Glenn flew a second Korean combat tour on an interservice exchange program with the United States Air Force. He logged 27 missions in the faster F-86F Sabre, and shot down three MiG-15s near the Yalu River in the final days before the ceasefire.

Glenn returned to Naval Air Station Patuxent River, appointed to the Test Pilot School (class 12). He served as an armament officer, flying planes to high altitude and testing their cannons and machine guns. On July 16, 1957, Glenn completed the first supersonic transcontinental flight in a Vought F8U-1P Crusader. The flight from NAS Los Alamitos, California, to Floyd Bennett Field, New York, took 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8.3 seconds. As he passed over his hometown, a child in the neighborhood reportedly ran to the Glenn house shouting "Johnny dropped a bomb! Johnny dropped a bomb! Johnny dropped a bomb!" as the sonic boom shook the town. Project Bullet, the name of the mission, included both the first transcontinental flight to average supersonic speed (despite three in-flight refuelings during which speeds dropped below 300 mph), and the first continuous transcontinental panoramic photograph of the United States. Glenn received his fifth Distinguished Flying Cross for the mission.

NASA[link]

Name	John Herschel Glenn Jr.
Type	NASA Astronaut
Nationality	American
Birth date	July 18, 1921
Birth place	Cambridge, Ohio
Occupation	Test pilot
Rank	Colonel, USMC
Selection	1959 NASA Group
Time	9d 02h 39 m
Mission	Mercury-Atlas 6, STS-95
Insignia	}}

In April 1959, despite the fact that Glenn had not earned the required college degree, he was assigned to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as one of the original group of seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury. During this time, he remained an officer in the United States Marine Corps.

He became the fifth person in space, the third American in space and the first American to orbit the Earth, aboard ''Friendship 7'' on February 20, 1962, on the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission, circling the globe three times during a flight lasting 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds. Perth, Western Australia became known worldwide as the "City of Light" when city residents lit their house lights and streetlights as Glenn passed overhead. The city repeated the act when Glenn rode the Space Shuttle in 1998. During the mission there was concern over a ground indication that his heat shield had come loose, which could allow it to fail during re-entry through the atmosphere, which would result in his capsule burning up. Flight controllers had Glenn modify his re-entry procedure by keeping his retrorocket pack on over the shield in an attempt to keep it in place. He made his splashdown safely, and afterwards it was determined that the indicator was faulty.

As the first American in orbit, Glenn was celebrated as a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. His fame and political attributes were noted by the Kennedys, and he became a personal friend of the Kennedy family.

On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade to Hangar S at Canaveral Air Force station where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.

In July 1962 Glenn testified before the House Space Committee in favor of excluding women from the NASA astronaut program. The impact of such testimony, from so prestigious a national hero, is debatable, but no female astronaut flew on a NASA mission until Sally Ride in 1983, and none piloted a mission until Eileen Collins in 1995, more than 30 years after the hearings. However, by the late 1970s, Glenn had changed his views and supported Shuttle Mission Specialist Astronaut Judith Resnik in her career.

Glenn resigned from NASA six weeks after the assassination of John F. Kennedy to run for office in his home state of Ohio. In 1965 he retired as a Colonel from the Marine Corps and entered the business world as an executive for Royal Crown Cola. He re-entered politics later on. Some accounts of Glenn's years at NASA suggest that Glenn was prevented from flying in Gemini or Apollo missions, either by President Kennedy, or by NASA management, on the grounds that the subsequent loss of a national hero of such stature would seriously harm or even end the manned space program. Yet Glenn resigned from the astronaut corps on January 30, 1964, well before even the first Gemini crew was assigned.

Three decades later, after serving 24 years in the United States Senate, Glenn lifted off for a second space flight on October 29, 1998, on Space Shuttle Discovery's STS-95, in order to study the effects of space flight on the elderly. At age 77, Glenn became the oldest person to go into space. Glenn states in his memoir that he had no idea that NASA was willing to send him back into space, when NASA announced the decision. Three days prior to NASA's announcement, various radio stations were reporting that NASA had decided to send Glenn back into space. Glenn's participation in the nine-day mission was criticized by some in the space community as a junket for a politician. Others noted that Glenn's flight offered valuable research on weightlessness and other aspects of space flight on the same person at two points in life thirty-six years apart—by far the longest interval between space flights by the same person—providing information on the effects of spaceflight and weightlessness on the elderly, with an ideal control. Upon the safe return of the STS-95 crew, Glenn (and his crewmates) received another ticker-tape parade, making him the tenth, and latest person to have received multiple ticker-tape parades in a lifetime (as opposed to that of a sports team). Just prior to the flight, on October 15, and for months after, the main causeway to the Johnson Space Center, NASA Road 1, was temporarily renamed "John Glenn Parkway".

Glenn vehemently opposed the sending of Dennis Tito, the world's first space tourist, to the International Space Station on the grounds that Tito's trip served no scientific purpose.

Life in politics[link]

NASA psychologists determined during Glenn's training that he was the astronaut best suited for public life. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy suggested to Glenn and his wife in December 1962 that he should run against incumbent United States Senator Stephen M. Young of Ohio in the 1964 Democratic primary election. In 1964 Glenn announced that he was resigning from the space program to run against Young, but withdrew when he hit his head on a bathtub. Glenn sustained a concussion and injured his inner ear, and recovery left him unable to campaign. Glenn remained close to the Kennedy family and was with Robert Kennedy when he was assassinated in 1968.

In 1970, Glenn was narrowly defeated in the Democratic primary for nomination for the Senate by fellow Democrat Howard Metzenbaum, by a 51% to 49% margin. Metzenbaum lost the general election race to Robert Taft, Jr. In 1974, Glenn resisted Ohio governor John J. Gilligan and the Ohio Democratic party's demand that he run for Lieutenant Governor. Instead, he challenged Metzenbaum again, whom Gilligan had appointed to the Senate to replace William B. Saxbe, who had resigned to become attorney general.

In the primary race, Metzenbaum contrasted his strong business background with Glenn's military and astronaut credentials, saying his opponent had "never worked for a living." Glenn's reply came to be known as the "Gold Star Mothers" speech. He told Metzenbaum to go to a veterans' hospital and "look those men with mangled bodies in the eyes and tell them they didn't hold a job. You go with me to any Gold Star mother and you look her in the eye and tell her that her son did not hold a job." Many felt the "Gold Star Mothers" speech won the primary for Glenn. Glenn won the primary by 54 to 46%. After defeating Metzenbaum, Glenn defeated Ralph Perk, the Republican mayor of Cleveland, in the general election, beginning a Senate career that would continue until 1999. In 1980, Glenn won re-election to the seat, defeating Republican challenger Jim Betts, by over 40 percent. In 1986, Glenn defeated challenger U.S. Representative Tom Kindness. Metzenbaum would go on to seek a rematch against Taft in 1976, winning a close race on Jimmy Carter's coattails.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Glenn and Metzenbaum had strained relations. There was a thaw in 1983 when Metzenbaum endorsed Glenn for president and again in 1988 when Metzenbaum was opposed for re-election by Cleveland mayor George Voinovich. Voinovich accused Metzenbaum of being soft on child pornography. Voinovich's charges were criticized by many, including Glenn who now came to Metzenbaum's aid, recording a statement for television refuting Voinovich's charges. Metzenbaum won the election by 57 to 43%.

In 1990, Glenn was inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame.

Glenn was one of the five U. S. Senators caught up in the Lincoln Savings and Keating Five Scandal after accepting a $200,000 contribution from Charles Keating. Glenn and Republican Senator John McCain were the only Senators exonerated. The Senate Commission found that Glenn had exercised "poor judgment." The association of his name with the scandal gave Republicans hope that he would be vulnerable in the 1992 campaign. Instead, Glenn defeated Lieutenant Governor Mike DeWine to keep his seat, though his percentage was reduced to a career low of 51%. DeWine used the memorable campaign slogan, "What ''on earth'' has John Glenn done?". This 1992 re-election victory was the last time a Democrat won a statewide race in Ohio until 2006; DeWine later won Metzenbaum's seat upon his retirement.

In 1976, Glenn was a candidate for the Democratic vice presidential nomination. However, Glenn's keynote address at the Democratic National Convention failed to impress the delegates and the nomination went to veteran politician Walter Mondale. Glenn also ran for the 1984 Democratic presidential nomination. A November 1983 ''New York Times''/CBS News poll found him second, supported by 41% of those polled, to Mondale's 49%. Glenn and his staff worried about the late 1983 release of ''The Right Stuff'', a film about the original seven Mercury astronauts based on the best-selling Tom Wolfe book of the same name. The book had depicted Glenn as a "zealous moralizer," and he did not attend the film's Washington premiere on October 16, 1983. Reviewers saw Ed Harris' portrayal of Glenn as heroic, however, and his staff immediately began to emphasize the film to the press. Aide Greg Schneiders suggested an unusual strategy, similar to Glenn's personal campaign and voting style, in which he would avoid appealing to narrow special interest groups and instead seek to win support from ordinary Democratic primary voters, the "constituency of the whole." Mondale defeated Glenn for the nomination, however, and he was left with $3 million in campaign debt for over 20 years before he was granted a reprieve by the Federal Election Commission. He was a potential vice presidential running mate in 1984, 1988, and 1992.

During his time in the Senate, he was chief author of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, served as chairman of the Committee on Governmental Affairs from 1987 until 1995, sat on the Foreign Relations and Armed Services committees and the Special Committee on Aging. Once Republicans regained control of the Senate, Glenn also served as the ranking minority member on a special Senate investigative committee chaired by Tennessee senator Fred Dalton Thompson that looked into illegal foreign donations by China to U.S. political campaigns for the 1996 election. There was considerable acrimony between the two very high-profile senators during the life of this committee, which reached a level of public disagreement between the five leaders of a Congressional committee seldom seen in recent years, amid allegations that Glenn suppressed these issues prior to his subsequent space shuttle flight which had to be approved by President Clinton. In 1998, Glenn declined to run for re-election. Mary O. Boyle was the Democratic party nominee. She faced Republican nominee and sitting governor George Voinovich in the general election, which Voinovich won.

Public affairs institute[link]

Glenn helped found the John Glenn Institute for Public Service and Public Policy at the Ohio State University in 1998 to encourage public service. On July 22, 2006, the institute merged with OSU's School of Public Policy and Management to become the John Glenn School of Public Affairs. Today he holds an adjunct professorship at both the Glenn School and OSU's Department of Political Statistics.

Personal life[link]

On April 6, 1943, Glenn married his childhood sweetheart, Anna Margaret Castor. They had met in New Concord and played together in the school band. They are the parents of two children. Both Glenn and his wife attended Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio.

Glenn is descended from the Glenn–Macintosh clan of Scotland. In 1963 he received a letter from a young girl in Sheffield, England, named Anne Glenn. The letter, congratulating him on his orbit around the Earth, enclosed a family tree showing that Anne's father, George Arthur Thomas Glenn, and John Glenn were cousins. The news made it into the South Yorkshire Times, and a viewed copy retained by Anne's younger sister Glenn was also one of the original owners for a Holiday Inn franchise near Orlando, Florida, that is today known as the Seralago Hotel & Suites.

Glenn's family includes his great-nephew born just three days after his historic flight, camera operator Glenn Thomas of New York, who was named in his honor.

A Freemason, Glenn is a member of Concord Lodge No.688 Concord, Ohio and DeMolay International, the Masonic youth organization, and is an ordained elder in the Presbyterian Church.

Glenn's boyhood home in New Concord has been restored and made into an historic house museum and education center.

In 2001, Glenn appeared as a guest star on the American television sitcom ''Frasier''.

On August 4, 2006, Glenn and his wife were injured in an automobile accident on I-270 near Columbus, Ohio, and were hospitalized for two days. Glenn suffered a "very sore chest" and a fractured sternum. Annie Glenn was treated for minor injuries. Glenn was cited for failure to yield the right-of-way.

On September 5, 2009, John and Annie Glenn dotted the "i" during Ohio State University's Script Ohio marching band performance, at the Ohio State-Navy football game halftime show. Bob Hope, Woody Hayes, Buster Douglas, E. Gordon Gee, Novice Fawcett, Robert Ries and Jack Nicklaus are the only other non-band members to have received this honor.

On February 20, 2012, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Friendship 7 flight, Glenn was surprised with the opportunity to speak with the orbiting crew of the International Space Station while Glenn was on-stage with NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden at Ohio State, where the public affairs school is named for him.

On April 19, 2012, Glenn participated in the ceremonial transfer of the retired Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' from NASA to the Smithsonian Institution for permanent display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. Speaking at the event, Glenn criticized the "unfortunate" decision to end the Space Shuttle program, expressing his opinion that grounding the shuttles delayed research.

Awards and honors[link]

The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field in Cleveland, Ohio, is named after him. Also, Senator John Glenn Highway runs along a stretch of I-480 in Ohio across from the NASA Glenn Research Center. Colonel Glenn Highway, which runs by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Wright State University near Dayton, Ohio, John Glenn High School in his hometown of New Concord, Ohio, and Col. John Glenn Elementary in Seven Hills, Ohio, are named for him as well. High Schools in Westland and Bay City, Michigan; Walkerton, Indiana; San Angelo, Texas; Elwood, Long Island, New York; and Norwalk, California were also named after him.

The fireboat ''John H. Glenn Jr.'' was named for him. This fireboat is operated by the DCFD and protects the sections of the Potomac River and the Anacostia River that run through Washington, DC.

In 1961, Glenn received an honorary LL.D from Muskingum University, the college he had attended before joining the military in World War II. This was followed by earning his bachelor of science degree from Muskingum in 1962.

In 2004, Glenn was awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars of the Smithsonian Institution.

In 2009, Glenn received an honorary LL.D from Williams College. In 2010, Glenn received an honorary Doctorate of Public Service from Ohio Northern University.

Glenn has received the following medals and decorations:

60px  Distinguished Flying Cross with two Gold Stars and two Oak Leaf Clusters

60px  Air Medal with three Silver Stars and two Oak Leaf Clusters

60px  Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with one Bronze Star

60px  Korean Service Medal with two Bronze Stars

;Civilian

Congressional Gold Medal

The Woodrow Wilson Award

Thomas D. White National Defense Award

See also[link]

''The John Glenn Story'', a 1962 documentary film.

Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space.

Gherman Titov, the second to orbit the Earth.

Alan Shepard, the first American in space.

Project Mercury.

Project Mercury Commemorative stamp.

References[link]

;Notes ;Bibliography

Fenno, Richard F., Jr. ''The Presidential Odyssey of John Glenn.'' CQ Press, 1990. 302 pp.

;Web

External links[link]

NASA — John Glenn: A Journey

John Glenn Honored as an Ambassador of Exploration

John & Annie Glenn Historic Site and Home

John Glenn School of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University

John Glenn's Official NASA Biography

John Glenn's Flight on ''Friendship 7'', MA-6 – as heard on KCBS Radio

John Glenn's Flight on ''Friendship 7'', MA-6 – complete 5-hour capsule audio recording

John Glenn's Flight on the Space Shuttle, STS-95

Spacefacts biography of John Glenn

John Glenn Archive

John Glenn: Unpublished Photos — slideshow by ''Life magazine''

{{U.S. Senator box |state=Ohio |class=3 |before=Howard M. Metzenbaum |years=1974–1999 |after=George Voinovich |alongside=Robert Taft, Jr., Howard M. Metzenbaum, Mike DeWine }}

Category:1921 births Category:Living people Category:1962 in spaceflight Category:American astronauts Category:American military personnel of the Korean War Category:American Presbyterians Category:Democratic Party United States Senators Category:Muskingum University alumni Category:Ohio Democrats Category:Ohio State University faculty Category:People from Cambridge, Ohio Category:People from Muskingum County, Ohio Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients Category:Recipients of the Air Medal Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) Category:Congressional Space Medal of Honor recipients Category:Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal Category:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees Category:Naval Aviation Hall of Honor inductees Category:United States Marine Corps officers Category:United States Marine Corps pilots of World War II Category:United States presidential candidates, 1984 Category:United States Senators from Ohio

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