Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Achaemenids
- Adana
- Aegean Region
- Aegean Sea
- Aeolis
- Africa
- Akkadian Empire
- Alaca Höyük
- Alanya
- Alaşehir
- Albanians
- Aleppo Pine
- Alexander the Great
- Americas
- An Asian Minor
- Anatolia
- Anatolian beyliks
- Anatolian black pine
- Anatolian hypothesis
- Anatolian languages
- Anatolian leopard
- Anatolian Plate
- Anatolianism
- Anatolikon
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Greek
- Ancient Rome
- Andean States
- Anglo-America
- Ankara
- Antalya
- Antalya province
- Antarctic
- Antigonid dynasty
- Aphrodisias
- Arabs
- Arameans
- Arbutus andrachne
- Arbutus unedo
- Arctic
- Arctic Ocean
- Armenia
- Armenian Genocide
- Armenian Highland
- Armenian people
- Armenians
- Armutlu Peninsula
- Artemision
- Arzawa
- Asia
- Asia Minor
- Asia Province
- Assos
- Assuwa
- Assyrian Empire
- Assyrian Genocide
- Assyrian people
- Atlantic Ocean
- Attalid dynasty
- Australasia
- Aydın Province
- Ayvalık
- Azeris
- Babylonian
- Bagratuni Dynasty
- Balkan Wars
- Balıkesir Province
- Barley
- Battle of Issus
- Battle of Kadesh
- Battle of Manzikert
- Battle of Pteira
- Battle of Syllaeum
- Bay Laurel
- Behavioral geography
- Bergama
- Biogeography
- Bithynia
- Black Sea
- Black Sea Region
- Bodrum
- Bodrum Peninsula
- Bosnians
- Bosphorus
- Bozburun Peninsula
- Bronze Age
- Bronze Age collapse
- Bursa
- Bursa Province
- Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine–Arab Wars
- Büyük Menderes River
- Capes of Turkey
- Cappadocia
- Caria
- Caribbean
- Carl Ritter
- Cartography
- Caspian Sea
- Caucasus
- Cedar of Lebanon
- Central Africa
- Central America
- Central Asia
- Central Europe
- Chechens
- Christopher Howgego
- Cilicia
- Cilician Gates
- Cimmerian
- Cinema of Turkey
- Circassians
- City states
- Climatology
- Coastal geography
- Coin
- Constantinople
- Continental climate
- Crime in Turkey
- Crusades
- Cultural geography
- Culture of Turkey
- Cuneiform
- Czarist Russia
- Dardanelles
- Datça Peninsula
- Deep state
- Demography
- Deposit (geology)
- Didim
- Didyma
- Dilek Peninsula
- Districts of Turkey
- Doris (Asia Minor)
- Early Modern Europe
- Earth
- East Africa
- East Asia
- East Thrace
- Eastern Europe
- Economic geography
- Economy of Turkey
- Edaphology
- Education in Turkey
- Elections in Turkey
- Emblem of Turkey
- Empire of Nicaea
- Empire of Trebizond
- Ephesus
- Erciyes
- Eretna Dynasty
- Euphrates
- Europe
- Feminist geography
- Flag of Turkey
- Galatia
- Gediz River
- Gelibolu Peninsula
- Geodesy
- Geography
- Geography of Turkey
- Geomorphology
- Georgia (country)
- Georgian people
- Georgians
- Geostatistics
- Gerardus Mercator
- Glaciology
- Gordium
- Great Seljuq Empire
- Greater Syria
- Greek genocide
- Greek language
- Greeks
- Gulf of Iskenderun
- Gulfs of Turkey
- Göbekli Tepe
- Hacilar
- Halicarnassus
- Halophytic
- Hattusa
- Health geography
- Hellenistic culture
- Hellenistic Greece
- Hellenistic period
- Hemshin people
- Herodotus
- Hierapolis
- Hispanic America
- Historical geography
- History of Anatolia
- History of geography
- History of Turkey
- Hittite New Kingdom
- Hittite Old Kingdom
- Hittites
- Hornbeam
- Human geography
- Hurrian language
- Hydrography
- Hydrology
- Ilkhanate
- Indian Ocean
- Indian subcontinent
- Indochina
- Integrated geography
- Ionia
- Ionian Greeks
- Ionians
- Iran
- Iraq
- Iron Age
- Islam in Turkey
- Islamic conquest
- Istanbul
- İstiklâl Marşı
- İzmir
- İzmir Province
- İzmit
- Jews
- Jordan Rift Valley
- Juniper
- Juniperus excelsa
- Kadi Burhan al-Din
- Kanesh
- Kapıdağ Peninsula
- Kaunos
- Kayseri
- Kaçkar Mountains
- Kemalism
- Kemer
- Kermes Oak
- Kingdom of Armenia
- Kingdom of Pontus
- Knidos
- Kocaeli Peninsula
- Konya
- Kurds
- Kültepe
- Kızıl River
- Lake Tuz
- Lake Van
- Landscape ecology
- Languages of Turkey
- Latin America
- Laz people
- Lesser Armenia
- Lezgian people
- Limnology
- Lycaonia
- Lycia
- Lydia
- Magnesia ad Sipylum
- Manisa
- Maple
- Maquis shrubland
- Marmara Region
- Marmaris
- Massif
- Medes
- Media of Turkey
- Mediterranean Sea
- Melanesia
- Mersin
- Mesopotamia
- Micronesia
- Midas
- Middle Ages
- Middle East
- Miletus
- Modern Europe
- Mongol Empire
- Mount Ararat
- Mount Erciyes
- Music of Turkey
- Muslim conquests
- Myra
- Mysia
- Names of Anatolia
- Neo-Hittite
- Neo-Hittite period
- Neo-Ottomanism
- Neolithic revolution
- Nesili
- Nevali Cori
- North Africa
- North America
- North Asia
- Northeast Asia
- Northern America
- Northern Europe
- Ocean
- Oceania
- Oceanography
- Olive
- Olive oil
- Olympus
- Orhan I
- Osman I
- Osmanli
- Ottoman architecture
- Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Interregnum
- Ottoman Sultans
- Ottomanism
- Outline of geography
- Pacific Ocean
- Palaeogeography
- Paleoclimatology
- Pamphylia
- Pamukkale
- Paphlagonia
- Peninsulas of Turkey
- Pentarchy
- Pergamon
- Persian Gulf
- Phrygia
- Physical geography
- Pisidia
- Polar region
- Political geography
- Politics of Turkey
- Polynesia
- Pontic Alps
- Pontic Mountains
- Pontus
- Portal Geography
- Portal Turkey
- President of Turkey
- Provinces of Turkey
- Ptolemy
- Qualitative research
- Quaternary science
- Regional geography
- Regions of Turkey
- Religion in Turkey
- Remote sensing
- Republic of Turkey
- Richard Chorley
- Roman Empire
- Rumi
- Saint Anatolia
- Saint Nicholas
- Sardis
- Sargon of Akkad
- Sassanids
- Sclerophyll
- Sea
- Sea of Marmara
- Secularism in Turkey
- Seleucid dynasty
- Seleucids
- Seljuk Turks
- Seven Sleepers
- Silver
- Smoking in Turkey
- Smyrna
- Soil science
- South America
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- Southeast Europe
- Southern Africa
- Southern Cone
- Southern Europe
- Southern Ocean
- Sovereign
- Spatial analysis
- Sport in Turkey
- Steppe
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Subregion
- Sultanate of Rum
- Sultanate of Rûm
- Sultanate of Rüm
- Syria
- Talk Anatolia
- Tatars
- Taurus fir
- Taurus Mountains
- TC Resmi Gazete
- Temperate rainforest
- Template Cat
- Template talk Cat
- The Guianas
- Theatre of Turkey
- Thema
- Thrace
- Tigran
- Tigris
- Tourism in Turkey
- Trabzon
- Transport in Turkey
- Troad
- Trough (geology)
- Troy
- Troy VII
- Turkey
- Turkic peoples
- Turkish Armed Forces
- Turkish art
- Turkish cuisine
- Turkish dance
- Turkish folklore
- Turkish language
- Turkish lira
- Turkish literature
- Turkish name
- Turkish people
- Turkish Pine
- Turkish population
- Turkish Riviera
- Turkish wine
- Turkmen people
- Uludağ
- Urartu
- Urban geography
- Uyghur people
- Uzungöl
- Van, Turkey
- West Africa
- Western Asia
- Western Europe
- Wikipedia Merging
- World Ocean
- World War I
- Zaza people
- Çatalca Peninsula
- Çatalhöyük
- Çayönü
- Çukurbağ Peninsula
- Çukurova
-
Achaemenid Empire
http://wn.com/Achaemenid_Empire -
Achaemenids
http://wn.com/Achaemenids -
Adana
http://wn.com/Adana -
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea (, Egeo Pelagos ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea.
http://wn.com/Aegean_Sea -
Akkadian Empire
http://wn.com/Akkadian_Empire -
Alaca Höyük
http://wn.com/Alaca_Höyük -
Alanya
Alanya (pronounced ), formerly Alaiye, is a seaside resort city and a component district of Antalya Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, from the city of Antalya. On the southern coast of Turkey, the district (which includes the city and its built-up area) has an area of 1,598.51 sq km and (2000 Census) 257,671 inhabitants. The population is almost entirely of Turkish origin, but is home to around 10,000 European residents.
http://wn.com/Alanya -
Americas
The Americas, or America, (, , , , , , ) are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World, comprising the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. The plural form the Americas is often used in English, as the singular America is ambiguous: America is more commonly used to refer to the United States of America. The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area) and contain about 13.5% of the human population (about 900 million people).
http://wn.com/Americas -
Anatolia
Anatolia (, from Greek '; also Asia Minor, from , ') is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia to the northeast, the Armenian Highland to the east, Mesopotamia to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the archeologically richest areas in the world.
http://wn.com/Anatolia -
Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
http://wn.com/Ankara -
Antalya
http://wn.com/Antalya -
Antalya province
http://wn.com/Antalya_province -
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest, and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it as one of the mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost lobe of the all-encompassing World Ocean.
http://wn.com/Arctic_Ocean -
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Armenian Highland
http://wn.com/Armenian_Highland -
Asia Minor
http://wn.com/Asia_Minor -
Assos
http://wn.com/Assos -
Assyrian Empire
http://wn.com/Assyrian_Empire -
Attalid dynasty
The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire. One of Lysimachus' officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father, and they expanded the city into a kingdom. Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.
http://wn.com/Attalid_dynasty -
Aydın Province
http://wn.com/Aydın_Province -
Ayvalık
http://wn.com/Ayvalık -
Balıkesir Province
http://wn.com/Balıkesir_Province -
Battle of Issus
The Battle of Issus (or the Battle at Issus) occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops, led by the young Alexander of Macedonia, defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle for primacy in Asia. After Alexander's forces successfully forced a crossing of the Hellespont (the Dardanelles) and defeated the Persian satraps in a prior encounter, the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal charge of his army, gathered a large army from the depths of the empire, and maneuvered to cut the Greek line of supply, requiring Alexander to countermarch his forces, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and south of the village of Issus.
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Issus -
Battle of Manzikert
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Manzikert -
Bodrum
http://wn.com/Bodrum -
Bosphorus
http://wn.com/Bosphorus -
Bursa
Bursa (, Prousa) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat of Bursa Province. With a population of 1,854,634 (2009), it is Turkey's fourth largest city, as well as one of the most industrialized and culturally charged metropolitan centers in the country.
http://wn.com/Bursa -
Cappadocia
{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
http://wn.com/Cappadocia -
Caribbean
The CaribbeanPronounced or . Both pronunciations are equally valid; indeed, they see equal use even within areas of the Caribbean itself. Cf. Royal Caribbean, which stresses the second syllable. In this case, as a proper noun, those who would normally pronounce it a different way may use the pronunciation associated with the noun when referring to it. More generic nouns such as the Caribbean Community are generally referred to using the speaker's preferred pronunciation.; Dutch ; or more commonly Antilles is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and North America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.
http://wn.com/Caribbean -
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucas (also referred to as Caucasia, , , , (''K'avk'asia''), , , , , , , ) is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including Europe's highest mountain (Mount Elbrus).
http://wn.com/Caucasus -
Constantinople
Constantinople (, , Turkish: Istanbul) was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.
http://wn.com/Constantinople -
Dardanelles
The Dardanelles (, ), formerly known as the Hellespont
http://wn.com/Dardanelles -
Datça Peninsula
http://wn.com/Datça_Peninsula -
Didim
http://wn.com/Didim -
Didyma
http://wn.com/Didyma -
East Thrace
http://wn.com/East_Thrace -
Ephesus
http://wn.com/Ephesus -
Gelibolu Peninsula
http://wn.com/Gelibolu_Peninsula -
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country) -
Gulf of Iskenderun
http://wn.com/Gulf_of_Iskenderun -
Hacilar
Hacilar is an early human settlement in southwestern Turkey, 25 km southwest of present day Burdur. It has been dated back 7040 BC at its earliest stage of development. Archaeological remains indicate that the site was abandoned and reoccupied on more than one occasion in its history.
http://wn.com/Hacilar -
Halicarnassus
http://wn.com/Halicarnassus -
Hierapolis
Hierapolis (Greek: 'holy city') was the ancient Greek city on top of hot springs located in south western Turkey near Denizli.
http://wn.com/Hierapolis -
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica). It is the only ocean to be named after a country, i.e., India.
http://wn.com/Indian_Ocean -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
http://wn.com/Istanbul -
İzmir Province
http://wn.com/İzmir_Province -
İzmit
http://wn.com/İzmit -
Kaunos
Kaunos (Carian: Kbid;
http://wn.com/Kaunos -
Kayseri
http://wn.com/Kayseri -
Kaçkar Mountains
http://wn.com/Kaçkar_Mountains -
Kemer
Kemer is a seaside resort and district of Antalya Province on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, west of the city of Antalya.
http://wn.com/Kemer -
Knidos
http://wn.com/Knidos -
Konya
Konya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is the capital of the Konya Province, and had a city population of 1,003,373 in 2009 while the provincial population (including the other urban centers in the Konya Province) was 1,959,082 in the same year.
http://wn.com/Konya -
Kültepe
http://wn.com/Kültepe -
Manisa
Manisa is a large city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province.
http://wn.com/Manisa -
Marmara Region
http://wn.com/Marmara_Region -
Marmaris
http://wn.com/Marmaris -
Medes
http://wn.com/Medes -
Mersin
http://wn.com/Mersin -
Miletus
http://wn.com/Miletus -
Myra
http://wn.com/Myra -
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
http://wn.com/Pacific_Ocean -
Pamukkale
Pamukkale, meaning "cotton castle" in Turkish, is a natural site in Denizli Province in south-western Turkey. The city contains hot springs and travertines, terraces of carbonate minerals left by the flowing water. It is located in Turkey's Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which has a temperate climate for most of the year.
http://wn.com/Pamukkale -
Pergamon
http://wn.com/Pergamon -
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is also controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf (by the Arab nations on the Arab side of the gulf) or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, and Gulf of Basra by Turkey, although none of the latter three terms is recognized internationally.
http://wn.com/Persian_Gulf -
Pontic Alps
http://wn.com/Pontic_Alps -
Pontic Mountains
The Pontic Mountains form a mountain range in Northern Turkey, also known as the Parhar mountains in the local Turkish and Pontic Greek languages. The term "Parhar" originates from the Hittite word meaning "high" or "summit".
http://wn.com/Pontic_Mountains -
Republic of Turkey
http://wn.com/Republic_of_Turkey -
Sardis
http://wn.com/Sardis -
Sea of Marmara
http://wn.com/Sea_of_Marmara -
Smyrna
Smyrna () was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Thanks to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The ancient city is located at two sites within modern Izmir, Turkey. While the first site, likely to have started as a native foundation, rose to prominence during the Archaic Period as one of the principal ancient Greek settlements in western Anatolia, the second, whose foundation is associated with Alexander the Great, reached metropolitan proportions especially during the period of the Roman Empire, from which time and particularly from after a 2nd century AD earthquake, most of the present-day remains date.
http://wn.com/Smyrna -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Syria -
Tigris
The Tigris River is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq.
http://wn.com/Tigris -
Trabzon
:For the Ottoman Province of Trabzon, see Vilayet of Trabzon.
http://wn.com/Trabzon -
Troy
http://wn.com/Troy -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Uludağ
http://wn.com/Uludağ -
Van, Turkey
Van () is a city in eastern Turkey and the seat of Van Province, and is located on the eastern shore of Lake Van. The city's official population in 2009 was 360,810, but many estimates put this as much higher with a 1996 estimate stating 500,000 and former Mayor Burhan Yengun quoted as estimating the population at approximately 600,000
http://wn.com/Van_Turkey -
Çatalhöyük
http://wn.com/Çatalhöyük -
Çukurova
http://wn.com/Çukurova
-
Albanians
Albanians () are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania, Kosovo and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. Roughly half of Albanians live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia and Montenegro. There are Albanian communities in a number of other countries, including Turkey, Greece, Serbia and Italy.
http://wn.com/Albanians -
Alexander the Great
http://wn.com/Alexander_the_Great -
Arabs
http://wn.com/Arabs -
Arameans
http://wn.com/Arameans -
Armenian people
http://wn.com/Armenian_people -
Armenians
Armenian people or Armenians (, hayer) are a nation and ethnic group native to the Caucasus and the Armenian Highland.
http://wn.com/Armenians -
Assyrian people
The Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people (frequently known as Assyrians, Syriacs, Syriac Christians, Suroye/Suryoye, Chaldeans, and other variants, see names of Syriac Christians) are an ethnic group whose origins lie in the Fertile Crescent. Today that ancient territory is part of several nations; the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people have been minorities under other ethnic groups' rule since the early Middle Ages. They have traditionally lived in northern Iraq, Syria, northwest Iran, and Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia. Many have migrated to the Caucasus, North America and Europe during the past century. The major sub-ethnic division is between an Eastern group ("Nestorians" and "Chaldean Christians") and a Western one ("Syrian Jacobites").
http://wn.com/Assyrian_people -
Azeris
http://wn.com/Azeris -
Bosnians
Not to be confused with : Bosniak
http://wn.com/Bosnians -
Caria
| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
http://wn.com/Caria -
Carl Ritter
Carl Ritter (August 7, 1779 – September 28, 1859) was a German geographer. Along with Alexander von Humboldt, he is considered one of the founders of modern geography. From 1825 until his death, he occupied the first chair in geography at the University of Berlin.
http://wn.com/Carl_Ritter -
Christopher Howgego
Professor Christopher Howgego is a British numismatist and classicist, who lectures on Ancient Greek and Roman numismatics at Oxford University. He is also the assistant keeper of the Herberden coin room at the Ashmolean museum.
http://wn.com/Christopher_Howgego -
Galatia
| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
http://wn.com/Galatia -
Georgian people
http://wn.com/Georgian_people -
Georgians
The Georgians (, kartvelebi) are a South Caucasian people and nation mainly centered in Georgia. They also live in Turkey, Russia, the United States, Iran, and other countries.
http://wn.com/Georgians -
Gerardus Mercator
Gerardus Mercator (5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a Flemish cartographer. He was born in Rupelmonde in the County of Flanders. He is remembered for the Mercator projection world map, which is named after him. This proved very useful to many later explorers.
http://wn.com/Gerardus_Mercator -
Great Seljuq Empire
The Great Seljuq Empire () was a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks. The Seljuq Empire controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. From their homelands near the Aral sea, the Seljuqs advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia before eventually conquering eastern Anatolia.
http://wn.com/Great_Seljuq_Empire -
Greeks
Ethnic group
http://wn.com/Greeks -
Hemshin people
http://wn.com/Hemshin_people -
Herodotus
http://wn.com/Herodotus -
Hittites
The "Hittites" were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite ) in north-central Anatolia (on the Central Anatolian plateau) ca. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height ca. the 14th century BC, encompassing a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River (a territory known as Amqu), and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. After ca. 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some surviving until as late as the 8th century BC.
http://wn.com/Hittites -
Ionian Greeks
http://wn.com/Ionian_Greeks -
Ionians
http://wn.com/Ionians -
Jews
:For the Jewish way of life, including religion, law, culture, and philosophy, see Judaism. "Jew" redirects here; for other uses, see Jew (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Jews -
Kadi Burhan al-Din
http://wn.com/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din -
Kurds
http://wn.com/Kurds -
Laz people
http://wn.com/Laz_people -
Lydia
| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
http://wn.com/Lydia -
Medes
http://wn.com/Medes -
Orhan I
http://wn.com/Orhan_I -
Osman I
http://wn.com/Osman_I -
Osmanli
http://wn.com/Osmanli -
Ottoman Empire
http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire -
Ptolemy
http://wn.com/Ptolemy -
Richard Chorley
Richard John Chorley (4 September 1927 - 12 May 2002) was a leading figure in the late 20th century for his work in quantitative geography, and played an instrumental role in bringing in the use of systems theory to geography.
http://wn.com/Richard_Chorley -
Rumi
http://wn.com/Rumi -
Saint Nicholas
http://wn.com/Saint_Nicholas -
Seljuk Turks
http://wn.com/Seljuk_Turks -
Seven Sleepers
The Roman Martyrology mentions the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus under the date of 27 July
http://wn.com/Seven_Sleepers -
Tatars
http://wn.com/Tatars -
Turkic peoples
The Turks (or Turkics) are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, Mongolia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds. The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people including existing societies such as the Chuvashes, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyzs, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Qashqai, Gagauzs, Yakuts, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Karakalpaks, Karachays, Krymchaks, Nogais and as well as past civilizations such as the Kumans, Kipchaks, Avars, Turgeshs, Seljuks, Khazars, Ottomans, Mamluks, Timurids, and possibly the Xiongnu and Huns.
http://wn.com/Turkic_peoples -
Turkish population
The Turkish population refers to the number of Turkish people in the world. Precise figures are difficult to calculate because they do not include the much larger numbers of Turks who have been born outside of Turkey or the former Ottoman lands (such as the Turkish Cypriot people), or those who have obtained nationality from the country they now live in.
http://wn.com/Turkish_population -
Turkmen people
http://wn.com/Turkmen_people -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I -
Zaza people
http://wn.com/Zaza_people
Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2012)
"Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2012)" Actors
"Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2012)" Director
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Mezarkabul - Anatolia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Published: 05 Sep 2006
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
Superb Turkish group & their superb song !!
http://wn.com/Mezarkabul_Anatolia
ANATOLIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Published: 08 Apr 2007
- Updated: 25 Sep 2012
THE LAND OF CIVILIZATIONS AND WONDERS NOTE: Although Istanbul is not geographically in Anatolia, it has indispensable ties with Anatolian history, glory, and culture. Therefore, Istanbul is included in that clip. Thank you.
http://wn.com/ANATOLIA
Pentagram (Mezarkabul) - Anatolia (english ver.)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Published: 27 Aug 2008
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
English version of Pentagram's Anatolia - off of the album of the same name. I actually prefer the turkish version, but since I couldn't find this version on youtube, I figured i'd share. Not to be confused with the american doom metal band of the same name. but if anyone has anything by *that* p3entagram, let me know.
http://wn.com/Pentagram_Mezarkabul_Anatolia_english_ver
The Fire of Anatolia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Published: 24 Jun 2006
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
The Fire of Anatolia also known as Sultans of the Dance are performing at Eurovision 2004 Song Contest Turkey. It starts with belly dance and ends with a folk dance which called "horon" from the black sea region of Turkey. UUUYyyyyyyy :))You can also hear some Turkish instruments such as; zurna, kemence(kemenche, an instrument like violin), tulum(bagpipe)... Sultans of the Dance también conocido como The Fire of Anatolia se está realizando en Eurovision Song Contest 2004 en Turquia. Usted puede también oír algunos instrumentos turcos por ejemplo; tulum, el zurna, kemence(un instrumento gusto del violín). Anadolu Atesi'nin Eurovision 2004'te sergiledigi gosteriden bir kesit. Asagidaki linkten videoyu indirebilirsiniz s1.upload.sc
http://wn.com/The_Fire_of_Anatolia
East & Southeast Anatolia - TURKEY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:27
- Published: 20 Jan 2008
- Updated: 23 Aug 2012
East & Southeast Anatolia - TURKEY South & Southeast Anatolia This region is geographically the smallest region of Turkey representing only 9.7% of the total area of Turkey with its 75.000 square kilometers of land certainly not that small with respect to natural and historical beauties it possesses. This region of ancient cities, is adorned by attractive natural figures, constituting a real mixture of sights and past combined with originality. Thanks to GAP (Southeastern Anatolian Project) the area is having great changes positively; many farming lands and dam lakes were formed lately with this project. Valleys and Plateaus occupy large areas in the south of southeast Taurus mountains. Central part is very mountainous and eastern part is generally flat. Long summers are very hot and dry, with high evaporation, winters are cold and rainy. Although mountainous areas are affected by Continental climate, western part shows typical characteristics of Mediterranean climate. Southeastern Anatolia is the only region of Turkey where the country produces some oil. The economy is based also on stockbreeding and agriculture, main crops and products are; wheat, barley, lentil, tobacco, cotton, and pistachio nuts. Situated on the broad plain of upper Mesopotamia, Sanliurfa is one of these points, once being a city of 1001 nights and camel caravans. Then comes Diyarbakir with its wonderful architectural designs dates back to the Middle Ages. Here is the Malabadi Bridge presenting a <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/East_Southeast_Anatolia_TURKEY
Cafe Anatolia The Voilent Coloured Mountains
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:36
- Published: 18 May 2009
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
Ensturmantal
http://wn.com/Cafe_Anatolia_The_Voilent_Coloured_Mountains
ONCE UPON A TIME IN ANATOLIA trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Published: 09 Nov 2011
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
A film by Nuri Bilge Ceylan, director of DISTANT and CLIMATES
http://wn.com/ONCE_UPON_A_TIME_IN_ANATOLIA_trailer
Lost Songs of Anatolia - Trailer / A film by Nezih Unen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Published: 03 Oct 2009
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
LOST SONGS OF ANATOLIA a film by Nezih Unen Time: 97 min. (feature) Genre: Musical/Experimental/Documentary Int'l Sales Contact: info@nezihunen.com DVD and Soundtrack CD: Will be available Synopsis: A musical journey among exotic places and people of Anatolia, unique host of ancient civilizations of 10 millennia. While this journey is showing how music and culture is derived from life, geography and work, an exploration of Anatolias versatile cultures takes place on a basis of music, dance and rituals. With 350 hours of footage, more than 10000 km traveled, 133 recorded live performances and 20 modern arrangements made, Lost Songs of Anatolia may be the first example of a kind as a Musical/Experimental/Documentary film. www.LostSongsOfAnatolia.com To get news about the project, join the group: www.facebook.com You can download this trailer from the link: files.me.com
http://wn.com/Lost_Songs_of_Anatolia_Trailer_A_film_by_Nezih_Unen
Anatolian Festival (Official Trailer of Anatolian Cultures & Food Festival 2009)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:28
- Published: 16 May 2009
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
Anatolian Cultures & Food Festival »»» The Largest Anatolian Festival in the World ««« Date: May 6-9, 2010 Location: Orange County Great Park, Irvine, California www.anatolianfestival.org ------------------------------------ »»» Dunyanin En Buyuk Anadolu Festivali ««« Tarih: Mayis 6-9, 2010 Yer: Orange County Great Park, Irvine, California www.anatolianfestival.org
http://wn.com/Anatolian_Festival_Official_Trailer_of_Anatolian_Cultures_Food_Festival_2009
Explore - Turkey - Istanbul & Anatolia 1 of 4 - BBC Travel Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:15
- Published: 01 Apr 2011
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
Explore - Turkey - Istanbul & Anatolia 1 of 4 - BBC Travel Documentary, recorded 27.02.2011 Simon Reeve leads a team of journalists in a journey of discovery across Turkey. From the stunning mosques of Istanbul to the 'fairy chimneys' of Cappadocia and the forests of the Black Sea coast, Turkey is country of rich history and amazing landscapes. It is also a divided country where the pro-islamic government seems locked in conflict with the traditionally secular establishment, including the army, and where an armed conflict rumbles on with elements of the Kurdish minority in the South East. .
http://wn.com/Explore_Turkey_Istanbul_Anatolia_1_of_4_BBC_Travel_Documentary
Concerto Anatolia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Published: 30 Dec 2008
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
A Guitar concerto written by David Hahn, featuring Turkish melodies and rhythms. The work is in Four movements, named Kocekce, Taksim, Bashraf and Medley, the last one featuring a medley of Turkish folksongs. The last movement includes a Cadenza by Cem Duruoz. The video is a summary of the 24 min work, performed by METU Dogus Youth Orchestra conducted by Umut Asil.
http://wn.com/Concerto_Anatolia
Foreclosures Sacramento, Anatolia April 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Published: 12 Apr 2010
- Updated: 25 Mar 2012
CALIFORNIA MELTDOWN - April 12, 2010.. More evidence of the economic collapse in Northern California. Residential real estate developments blighted by foreclosures and short sales. I counted 1 in 3 houses in this development abandoned or in the foreclosure process. Who is going to buy them? Not enough buyers, even at these prices.
http://wn.com/Foreclosures_Sacramento,_Anatolia_April_2010
Cafe Anatolia - Dream's 2008 - Consuelo Luz - Yastayim
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Published: 28 May 2008
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
Cafe Anatolia - Dream's 2008 - Consuelo Luz - Yastayim
http://wn.com/Cafe_Anatolia_Dream's_2008_Consuelo_Luz_Yastayim
Afro Anatolian Tales ft. Arto Tuncboyaciyan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:51
- Published: 02 Mar 2009
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Afro Anatolian Tales by Sjahin During at the Big Bang Festival 2008, ft. Arto Tuncboyaciyan, Bart Fermie, Alex Simu & Pasha Karami. In Vredenburg Utrecht. CD for sale at www.drummerszone.com
http://wn.com/Afro_Anatolian_Tales_ft_Arto_Tuncboyaciyan
FIRE OF ANATOLIA ( SOLD OUT - TOP NO:1 DANCE SHOW)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Published: 25 Apr 2007
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
The Fire of Anatolia started its world tour in 2002 and since then from Germany to Belgium, Holland to Switzerland, Israel to China, Romania to Qatar, Bulgaria to Jordan, Siberia to Azerbaijan and KKTC to Japan, England, Scotland to Spain and has met audiences of many different countries. The Fire of Anatolia which brings the rich culture of Anatolia and the magic of dance on tho the scene in a magnificient style, became the first dance group that performed in The Building of China Parliament, the first show that was performed in Bodrum Antique Theatre after 2300 years, and again the first show that was applanded by an audience of four hundred thousand people standing up, in Ereğli, Black Sea. Wtih these firsts, the group was mominated to the Guiness Records Book.The show was planned to be performed abroad after a few performances in Turkey, However, all tickets were already sold months before the performances
http://wn.com/FIRE_OF_ANATOLIA_SOLD_OUT_TOP_NO1_DANCE_SHOW
Once Upon A Time In Anatolia | trailer (2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 01 Jun 2011
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Genre: drama Regie / directed by: Darsteller / cast: Kinostart Deutschland: Kinostart USA: 2011 offizielle Filmsite: Verwendung mit freundlicher Genehmigung von used with authorization
http://wn.com/Once_Upon_A_Time_In_Anatolia_|_trailer_2011
Dj Coslow - Anatolian Sunset ( Original Mix )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Published: 02 Jun 2008
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Good trance :)
http://wn.com/Dj_Coslow_Anatolian_Sunset_Original_Mix_
Instrumental Anatolian Folk Music I - Cevizin Yaprağı (Walnut Leaf )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 22 Feb 2011
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Anatolian Folk Music (Türkü) Cafe Mosaic - Anatolian Sound (2009) Kaynak: Cafer Arikan Yöre: Afyon- Dinar Pictures are from Aegean Region of Western Turkey. The folk music of our country has a structure that was formed by collecting the specific cultural values of all civilizations that have been living in Anatolia and Turkish Thrace since the old times of history and incorporating cultural differences of the regions and that is rare and very unique throughout the whole world with its prosperity and diversity. Although our folk music has much diversity and difference with respect to regional characteristics, it can be reviewed under the below 6 regions in a general classification: Istanbul and Turkish Thrace, Aegean, Middle Anatolia, South-East Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, Black Sea. This folk music "Cevizin Yaprağı Dal Arasında (Walnut Leaf Between Branch)" belongs to Afyon Province. Afyon is in mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, Aegean Region (Turkish: Ege Bölgesi), is one of the 7 census-defined regions of Turkey. It is located in the west part of the country, bounded by Aegean sea (Ege Denizi) on the west, Marmara region on the north, Mediterranean region on the south & southwest and Central Anatolia region on the east. On the other hand, it should be kept into mind that substantial differences may exist between some cities, centers or districts located within the same region.. There are 8 provinces in Agean Region of Western Turkey; Afyonkarahisar <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Instrumental_Anatolian_Folk_Music_I_Cevizin_Yaprağı_Walnut_Leaf_
The Fire of Anatolia - Anadolu Atesi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Published: 18 Jun 2006
- Updated: 19 May 2012
A two-minute excerpt of The Fire of Anatolia (Anadolu Atesi) dance show. The group displays a collection of dances known in Anatolia (Turkey) throughout the history.
http://wn.com/The_Fire_of_Anatolia_Anadolu_Atesi
Fire of Anatolia @ Eurovision Turkey - Full Version (from German TV)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:22
- Published: 06 Dec 2008
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
Fire of Anatolia @ Eurovision [Interval Act]
http://wn.com/Fire_of_Anatolia_@_Eurovision_Turkey_Full_Version_from_German_TV
Grup Anatolia - HAYDAR-I SAH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Published: 19 Feb 2008
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
Vocal / Guitar : İsmail Nacar Keyboard / Bass : Öncü Göçebe Saz / Cura : Niyazi Albay Violin : Cahit Baylav Percussıons : Rıza Koyupınar Flute : Ozgur Akbaba (Special thanks to Muharrem, Soner and Murat who contributed to Anatolia) Group Anatolia was founded in January 2000. It performs traditional folk music from Anatolia (Asia Minor) in a contemporary style. The group's extensive repertoire includes music from various cultures of the region such as Turkish, Kurdish, Armenian, Cypriot, Azeri and others. Within its relatively long existence the group has given many concerts, the latest one being to a 6000 audience in Day-Mer's park festival. Setting out to play the "people's music", Anatolia specialises in the folk music of the Anatolian region. For Anatolia, the message is as important as the sound, they are telling stories with strong social themes that reflect issues within the community and as various group members explain that is why it is there songs are like real life stories. The combination of such a variety of instruments is also key. Anatolia see their mission as "to mix together, to mix and live together through the music". Re-interpreting traditional music by adding drums, or using different instruments, has become a way of bringing the Anatolian tradition to a wider audience. Performing for both Turkish and non-Turkish audiences has been a success as the group have been surprised by how well British audiences respond to them. The group had performed for <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Grup_Anatolia_HAYDAR-I_SAH
Cafe Anatolia-Secret Love
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 13 May 2009
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
nur
http://wn.com/Cafe_Anatolia-Secret_Love
Documentary - Anatolia Throughout History (Golden Age)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:56
- Published: 22 Mar 2012
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
History - Archeology Anatolia: Anatolia (from Greek Ἀνατολή Anatolē — "east" or "(sun)rise"; also Asia Minor, from Greek: Μικρὰ Ἀσία Mikrá Asía "small Asia"; in modern Turkish: Anadolu) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey.[citation needed] The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia to the northeast, Iran and the Armenian Highland to the east, Mesopotamia to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Georgians, Seljuk Turks and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the most archaeologically rich places on earth.[citation needed] Most of the interior of Anatolia consists of a high-altitude plateau that becomes increasingly mountainous as one moves east, eventually becoming the Armenian Highland. Anatolia is separated from the Armenian Highland to the east by the Euphrates river, and from Syria by the Orontes river. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland.... Referans: en.wikipedia.org
http://wn.com/Documentary_Anatolia_Throughout_History_Golden_Age
AP / Anatolia Agency via APTN
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons![Kırıkkale is the capital of the Kırıkkale Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is located 80 km east of Ankara. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 225,005 of which 205,078 live in the city of Kırıkkale.[1][2] The name of the city means broken castle.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121008074632im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/26/66/8955b1e7ee4079597b69109b3a2b_small.jpg "Kırıkkale is the capital of the Kırıkkale Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is located 80 km east of Ankara. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 225,005 of which 205,078 live in the city of Kırıkkale.[1][2] The name of the city means broken castle.")
Creative Commons / Chapultepec![Diyarbakır (Ottoman Turkish دیاربکر, Diyâr-ı Bekr; Kurdish ئامهد, Amed; anc. Amida, Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ, Amid ) is the largest city in southeastern Turkey. Situated on the banks of the River Tigris, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province with a population of almost 1.5 million[2]. With a population of about 600,000[2], it is the second largest city in Turkey's South-eastern Anatolia region, after Gaziantep. Within Turkey, Diyarbakır is famed for its culture, folklore, and waterme](http://web.archive.org./web/20121008074632im_/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/00/d1/3b2c2efad56f9c8b4759c30bf3c6_small.jpg "Diyarbakır (Ottoman Turkish دیاربکر, Diyâr-ı Bekr; Kurdish ئامهد, Amed; anc. Amida, Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ, Amid ) is the largest city in southeastern Turkey. Situated on the banks of the River Tigris, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province with a population of almost 1.5 million[2]. With a population of about 600,000[2], it is the second largest city in Turkey's South-eastern Anatolia region, after Gaziantep. Within Turkey, Diyarbakır is famed for its culture, folklore, and waterme")
Creative Commons / Tegge
Creative Commons / Magnus Manske)
Creative Commons / StefanC
Creative Commons / Kitkatcrazy
Creative Commons / داود مجتهدی
Creative Commons / Kpisimon![The Roman Constantine Basilica in Trier, Germany, built in the 4th century with fired bricks as audience hall for Constantine I The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7,500 B.C.[citation needed] They have been found in Çayönü, in the upper Tigris region, and in south east Anatolia close to Bourbaki's. Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 B.C., come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121008074632im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/7f/7d/bcace56289bea6330ee6eaf99466_small.jpg "The Roman Constantine Basilica in Trier, Germany, built in the 4th century with fired bricks as audience hall for Constantine I The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7,500 B.C.[citation needed] They have been found in Çayönü, in the upper Tigris region, and in south east Anatolia close to Bourbaki's. Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 B.C., come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük.")
Creative Commons / LoKi LeCh
AP / Ibrahim Usta
Creative Commons / Steven Walling
European Community / Katpatuka
European Community / Sanandros
PD file
Dicle University
Dicle University
Kultepe
NASA/JPL file
NASA/JPL/Cornell file
![Kırıkkale is the capital of the Kırıkkale Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is located 80 km east of Ankara. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 225,005 of which 205,078 live in the city of Kırıkkale.[1][2] The name of the city means broken castle.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121008074632/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/26/66/8955b1e7ee4079597b69109b3a2b_medium.jpg "Kırıkkale is the capital of the Kırıkkale Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is located 80 km east of Ankara. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 225,005 of which 205,078 live in the city of Kırıkkale.[1][2] The name of the city means broken castle.")
![Diyarbakır (Ottoman Turkish دیاربکر, Diyâr-ı Bekr; Kurdish ئامهد, Amed; anc. Amida, Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ, Amid ) is the largest city in southeastern Turkey. Situated on the banks of the River Tigris, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province with a population of almost 1.5 million[2]. With a population of about 600,000[2], it is the second largest city in Turkey's South-eastern Anatolia region, after Gaziantep. Within Turkey, Diyarbakır is famed for its culture, folklore, and waterme](http://web.archive.org./web/20121008074632/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/00/d1/3b2c2efad56f9c8b4759c30bf3c6_medium.jpg "Diyarbakır (Ottoman Turkish دیاربکر, Diyâr-ı Bekr; Kurdish ئامهد, Amed; anc. Amida, Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ, Amid ) is the largest city in southeastern Turkey. Situated on the banks of the River Tigris, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province with a population of almost 1.5 million[2]. With a population of about 600,000[2], it is the second largest city in Turkey's South-eastern Anatolia region, after Gaziantep. Within Turkey, Diyarbakır is famed for its culture, folklore, and waterme")
![The Roman Constantine Basilica in Trier, Germany, built in the 4th century with fired bricks as audience hall for Constantine I The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7,500 B.C.[citation needed] They have been found in Çayönü, in the upper Tigris region, and in south east Anatolia close to Bourbaki's. Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 B.C., come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121008074632/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/7f/7d/bcace56289bea6330ee6eaf99466_medium.jpg "The Roman Constantine Basilica in Trier, Germany, built in the 4th century with fired bricks as audience hall for Constantine I The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7,500 B.C.[citation needed] They have been found in Çayönü, in the upper Tigris region, and in south east Anatolia close to Bourbaki's. Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 B.C., come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük.")
Photo: DOD / Public Domain
07 Oct 2012
America's longest war entered its 12th year Sunday, with the anniversary marked by a Taliban statement claiming that NATO forces are "fleeing Afghanistan" in "humiliation and disgrace". The US led the...
Photo: AP / Andres Kudacki
06 Oct 2012
It’s getting tiresome; every other month a Clásico is contested in some competition (La Liga? The Copa del Rey? The Champions League? The Supercopa de España?). At least that’s how it appears. Though...
Photo: AP / Al Jacinto
07 Oct 2012
Manila: The Philippine government and Muslim rebels have agreed a peace deal for the country's troubled south, President Benigno Aquino announced on Sunday, signalling an end to a 40-year conflict...
Photo: AP / Thanassis Stavrakis
05 Oct 2012
Protesters are appearing in court in the Greek capital Athens a day after a rally by shipyard workers against job cuts descended into violence. A line of blue police lorries flanked the courthouse as...
Photo: AP / Muhammed Muheisen
07 Oct 2012
Imran Khan says two-day convoy has been a success despite failing to reach intended destination Imran Khan addresses a peace rally in Tank. Photograph: A Majeed/AFP/Getty Images...
Photo: UN / J Carrier
02 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling In banning several Iranian government officials from attending President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's speech at the United Nations, the United States could...
Photo: UN / Eskinder Debebe
20 Sep 2012
UN chief Ban Ki-moon warned that the Syrian government and rebels seem intent on fighting to the bitter end, as opposition fighters seized a crossing on the Turkish border. Ban said the conflict will...
Huffington Post
American college graduates are drifting back to the second oldest profession in the world: farming. Liberal arts grads, including kids with pricey degrees from Princeton and Wesleyan, are choosing to work on small, green-minded farms, reports a recent New York Times article. Punting on entry level...(size: 8.5Kb)
Anatolia Energy Announces Operational Update and Preliminary Results from the Guvenir-1 Well in Turkey
26 Sep 2012
Canada Newswire
CALGARY, Sept. 26, 2012 /CNW/ - Anatolia Energy Corp. (the "Company") (TSX-V: AEE) reports that the Guvenir-1 well has been suspended after reaching a total depth of 1,956 meters. The well was drilled ahead of schedule and significantly below the projected budget of US$6.0 million (gross and net),...(size: 6.2Kb)
Family holidays in Turkey: The tiny terrors of Anatolia and how Turkey survived a toddler attack
25 Sep 2012
The Daily Mail
Forget the beauty and...(size: 0.1Kb)
The Daily Mail
Forget the beauty and...(size: 0.1Kb)
Indo-European languages originate in Anatolia
28 Aug 2012
PhysOrg
The majority view in historical linguistics is that the homeland of the Indo-European language family was located in the Pontic steppes (present day Ukraine) around 6000 years ago. The evidence for this comes from linguistic paleontology: in particular, certain words to do with the technology of...(size: 2.1Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics AstronomyPhysicspsychology Advertisement Armstrong (Science Daily, BBC) I regret to announce what you have probably already heard: the death of Neil Armstrong, the first man on the Moon. He died last Saturday, at the age of 82, or heart trouble. His family will be posting more...(size: 7.7Kb)
The New York Times
Biologists using tools developed for drawing evolutionary family trees say that they have solved a long-standing problem in archaeology: the origin of the Indo-European family of languages. RSS Feed Get Science News From The New York Times » The family includes English and most other European...(size: 10.2Kb)
IMDb
Landscapes deserve an onscreen credit in the films of Nuri Bilge Ceylan. Time and again, he dwarfs his characters against the mountains or...(size: 0.9Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics Austin Film SocietyArthouse CinemaForeign FilmsAlamo Drafthouse Advertisement The Austin Film Society will be showing Turkish filmmaker Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s Once Upon a Time in Anatolia tomorrow at the Alamo Drafthouse South Lamar at 7 p.m. From 2002’s Distant, about the melancholy of...(size: 7.0Kb)
Canada Newswire
CALGARY, Aug. 16, 2012 /CNW/ - Anatolia Energy Corp. (the "Company") (TSX-V: AEE) is pleased to announce that its partner, Çalık Enerji San. ve Tic. AŞ. ("Calik"), has commenced drilling at Guvenir-1, the initial exploration well on the Antep Licence in Turkey, where Anatolia holds a 50% interest....(size: 5.5Kb)
For other uses, see Anatolia (disambiguation).
For the novel by Felice Picano, see An Asian Minor.
Coordinates: 39°N 32°E / 39°N 32°E / 39; 32
Anatolia (from Greek Ἀνατολή Anatolē — "east" or "(sun)rise"; also Asia Minor, from Greek: Μικρὰ Ἀσία Mikrá Asía "small Asia"; in modern Turkish: Anadolu) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey.[1] The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland. Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to a line between the Gulf of Iskenderun and the Black Sea, approximately corresponding to the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.
Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Georgians, Seljuk Turks, and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the most archaeologically rich places on earth.
Contents |
Definition[link]
The Anatolian peninsula, also called Asia Minor, is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, and the sea of Marmara to the northwest, which separates Anatolia from Thrace in Europe.
Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to an indefinite line running from the Gulf of Iskenderun to the Black Sea, coterminous with the Anatolian Plateau. This traditional geographical definition is used, for example, in the latest edition of Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary,[2] as well as the archeological community.[3] Under this definition, Anatolia is bounded to the East by the Armenian Highland, and the Euphrates before that river bends to the southeast to enter Mesopotamia.[3] To the southeast, it is bounded by the ranges that separate it from the Orontes valley in Greater Syria and the Mesopotamian plain.[3]
However, following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Anatolia was defined as being effectively co-terminous with Asian Turkey. Turkey's First Geography Congress in 1941 created two regions to the east of the Gulf of Iskenderun-Black Sea line named the Eastern Anatolia Region and the Southeastern Anatolia Region,[4] the former largely corresponding to the western part of the Armenian Highland, the latter to the northern part of the Mesopotamian plain. This wider definition of Anatolia has gained widespread currency outside of Turkey and has, for instance, been adopted by Encyclopedia Britannica[5] and other encyclopedic and general reference publications.[6]
Geography[link]
See also: Geography of Turkey
Regions[link]
Black Sea Coast[link]
Main article: Black Sea Region
The Black Sea coast is characterized by a range of steep mountains that extend along the entire length of the coast, separating it from the inland Anatolian plateau. In the west, the mountains tend to be low, with elevations from 1,525–1,800 m (5,003–5,900 ft), but they rise in the easterly direction to heights greater than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) south of Rize, reaching 3,937 m (12,917 ft) at the Kaçkar Mountains in the Pontic Alps. Lengthy, troughlike valleys and basins characterize the mountains. The southern slopes, facing the Anatolian Plateau, are mostly unwooded, but the northern slopes contain dense growths of both deciduous and evergreen trees. The higher slopes facing northwest tend to be densely forested.
The coast is rugged and rocky, with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges. A few larger rivers, those cutting back through the Pontic Alps, have tributaries that flow in broad, elevated basins. Access inland from the coast is limited to a few narrow valleys because mountain ridges. Because of these natural conditions, the Black Sea coast historically has been isolated from Anatolia.
Marmara Region[link]
Main article: Marmara Region
The western coast of Anatolia that borders the Sea of Marmara consists mainly of rolling plateau country well suited to agriculture. It receives about 52 cm (20 in) of rainfall annually.
Densely populated, this area includes the cities of Istanbul and Bursa, Turkey's largest and fourth largest cities respectively. The Bosphorus, which links the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, is about 25 km (16 mi) long and averages 1.5 km (0.93 mi) in width but narrows in places to less than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). There are two suspension bridges over the Bosphorus, both its Asian and European banks rise steeply from the water and form a succession of cliffs, coves, and nearly landlocked bays. Most of the shores are densely wooded and are marked by numerous small towns and villages. The Dardanelles Strait, which links the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea, is approximately 40 km (25 mi) long and increases in width toward the south. Unlike the Bosphorus, the Dardanelles has fewer settlements along its shores.
The most important valleys are the Kocaeli Valley, the Balıkesir Ovası (Balıkesir Plain), the Bursa Ovası (Bursa Plain), and the Plains of Troy (historically known as the Troad.)
Aegean Coast[link]
Main article: Aegean Region
Located on the west coast of Anatolia, the Aegean region has a fertile soil and a typically Mediterranean climate; with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The broad, cultivated lowland valleys contain about half of the country's richest farmlands.
The largest city in the Aegean Region of Turkey is İzmir, which is also the country's third largest city and second largest port after Istanbul.
Olive and olive oil production is particularly important for the economy of the region. The seaside town of Ayvalık and numerous towns in the provinces of İzmir and Aydın are particularly famous for their olive oil and related products; such as soap and cosmetics.
The region is home to many famous ancient cities; such as Troy, Assos, Pergamon (Bergama), Sardis, Ephesus, Miletus, Halicarnassus (Bodrum), Smyrna (İzmir), Hierapolis (Pamukkale), Magnesia (Manisa), Philadelphia (Alaşehir), Didyma (Didim), Aphrodisias, Kaunos, Knidos, among others.
Mediterranean Coast[link]
Main article: Mediterranean Region, Turkey
Beginning in the west of Antalya province, the south-facing Mediterranean coast of Turkey is separated from the interior by steep ranges, known as the Taurus mountains, that run along the entire length of the coast. The Taurus Mountains (Toros Dağları) are Anatolia's second chain of folded mountains. The south facing slopes rise steeply from the Mediterranean coastal plain, but slope very gently on the north side towards the Anatolian plateau. In the east, the Taurus mountains arc around the northern side of the Arabian Platform, before turning south and continuing as the ranges that define the Jordan Rift Valley. Between Adana and Antalya, the Taurus Mountains rise sharply from the coast to high elevations, reaching altitudes of over 3,700 m (12,100 ft) north of Adana. The Taurus Mountains are more rugged and less dissected by rivers than the Pontus Mountains and historically have served as a barrier to human movement inland from the Mediterranean coast except where there are mountain passes such as the historic Cilician Gates (Gülek Pass), northwest of Adana.
Toward the east, the extensive plains around Adana, Turkey's fifth largest city, consist largely of reclaimed flood lands. In general, rivers have not cut valleys to the sea in the western part of the region. East of Adana, much of the coastal plain has limestone features such as collapsed caverns and sinkholes. Other than Adana, Antalya, and Mersin, the Mediterranean coast has few major cities, although it has numerous farming villages.
Central Plateau[link]
 |
This section includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2012) |
Main article: Central Anatolia Region
Stretching inland from the Aegean coastal plain, the Central Anatolian plateau occupies the area between the two zones of the folded coastal ranges in the north and south, extending east to the point where the two ranges converge. The plateau-like, semiarid highlands of Anatolia are considered the heartland of the country. The region varies in elevation from 600–1,200 m (2,000–3,900 ft) from west to east. The Anatolian plateau is interspersed with extinct volcanoes, the tallest of which is Mt. Erciyes, rising to 3,917 m (12,851 ft) near Kayseri.
Frequently interspersed throughout the folded mountains, and also situated on the Anatolian Plateau, are well-defined basins, which the Turks call "ova". Some are no more than a widening of a stream valley; others, such as the Konya Ovasi, are large basins of inland drainage or are the result of limestone erosion. Most of the basins take their names from cities or towns located at their rims. Where a lake has formed within the basin, the water body is usually saline as a result of the internal drainage — the water has no outlet to the sea. The two largest basins on the plateau are the Konya Ovasi and the basin occupied by the large salt lake, Tuz Gölü.
Forested areas are confined to the northwest and northeast of the plateau. Rain-fed cultivation is widespread, with wheat being the principal crop. Irrigated agriculture is restricted to the areas surrounding rivers and wherever sufficient underground water is available. Important irrigated crops include barley, corn, cotton, various fruits, grapes, opium poppies, sugar beets, roses, and tobacco. There also is extensive grazing throughout the plateau.
Central Anatolia receives little annual rainfall with an average precipitation of 40 cm (16 in) per year. The driest part of the region is the semiarid center of the plateau which receives an average yearly precipitation of 30 cm (12 in). However, actual rainfall from year to year is irregular and occasionally may be less than 20 cm (7.9 in), leading to severe reductions in crop yields for both rain-fed and irrigated agriculture. Overgrazing has contributed to soil erosion on some parts of the plateau. During the summers, frequent dust storms blow a fine yellow powder across the plateau. Locusts occasionally ravage the eastern area in April and May. In general, the plateau experiences high temperatures and almost no rainfall in summer and cold weather with heavy snow in winter.
Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions[link]
Main article: Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
Main article: Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
Eastern Anatolia, where the Pontus and Taurus mountain ranges converge, is rugged country with higher elevations, a more severe climate, and greater precipitation than are found on the Anatolian Plateau. Eastern Anatolia roughly coincides with the western half of the Armenian Highland. The region is known as the Anti-Taurus, and the average elevation of its peaks exceeds 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Mount Ararat, at 5,137 metres (16,854 ft) the highest point in Turkey, is located in the Anti-Taurus. Many of the Anti-Taurus peaks apparently are recently extinct volcanoes, to judge from extensive lava flows. Turkey's largest lake, Lake Van, is situated in the mountains at an elevation of 1,546 metres (5,072 ft). The headwaters of three major rivers arise in the Anti-Taurus: the east-flowing Aras, which pours into the Caspian Sea; the south-flowing Euphrates; and the south-flowing Tigris, which eventually joins the Euphrates in Iraq before emptying into the Persian Gulf. Several small streams that empty into the Black Sea or landlocked Lake Van also originate in these mountains.
In addition to its rugged mountains, the area is known for severe winters with heavy snowfalls. The few valleys and plains in these mountains tend to be fertile and to support diverse agriculture. The main basin is the Mus Valley, west of Lake Van. Narrow valleys also lie at the foot of the lofty peaks along river corridors.
Southeast Anatolia is south of the Anti-Taurus Mountains. It is a region of rolling hills and a broad plateau surface that extends into Syria. Elevations decrease gradually, from about 800 metres (2,600 ft) in the north to about 500 metres (1,600 ft) in the south. Traditionally, wheat and barley were the main crops of the region, but the inauguration of major new irrigation projects in the 1980s has led to greater agricultural diversity and development.
Geology[link]
Anatolia's terrain is structurally complex. A central massif composed of uplifted blocks and downfolded troughs, covered by recent deposits and giving the appearance of a plateau with rough terrain, is wedged between two folded mountain ranges that converge in the east. True lowland is confined to a few narrow coastal strips along the Aegean, Mediterranean, and Black Sea coasts. Flat or gently sloping land is rare and largely confined to the deltas of the Kızıl River, the coastal plains of Çukurova and the valley floors of the Gediz River and the Büyük Menderes River as well as some interior high plains in Anatolia, mainly around Tuz Gölü (Salt Lake) and the Konya Basin (Konya Ovasi).
Climate[link]
- Temperatures of Anatolia
-
Ankara (central Anatolia)
-
Antalya (southern Anatolia)
-
Van (eastern Anatolia)
Anatolia has a varied range of climates. The central plateau is characterized by a continental climate, with hot summers and cold snowy winters. The south and west coasts enjoy a typical Mediterranean climate, with mild rainy winters, and warm dry summers. The Black sea and Marmara coasts have temperate oceanic climate, with cool foggy summers and much rainfall throughout the year.
Ecoregions[link]
Anatolia's diverse topography and climate has fostered a similar diversity of plant and animal communities.
The mountains and coastal plain of northern Anatolia, with its humid and mild climate, is home to temperate broadleaf, mixed and coniferous forests. The central and eastern plateau, with its drier continental climate, is home to deciduous forests and forest steppes. Western and southern Anatolia, which have a Mediterranean climate, are home to Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregions.
- Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests: These temperate broadleaf and mixed forests extend across northern Anatolia, lying between the mountains of northern Anatolia and the Black Sea. They include the enclaves of temperate rainforest lying along the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in eastern Turkey and Georgia.[7]
- Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests: These forests occupy the mountains of northern Anatolia, running east and west between the coastal Euxine-Colchic forests and the drier, continental climate forests of central and eastern Anatolia.[8]
- Central Anatolian deciduous forests: These forests of deciduous oaks and evergreen pines cover the plateau of central Anatolia.[9]
- Central Anatolian steppe: These dry grasslands cover the drier valleys and surround the saline lakes of central Anatolia, and include halophytic (salt tolerant) plant communities.[10]
- Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests: This ecoregion occupies the plateau of eastern Anatolia. The drier and more continental climate is home to steppe-forests dominated by deciduous oaks, with areas of shrubland, montane forest, and valley forest.[11]
- Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests: These forests occupy the western, Mediterranean-climate portion of the Anatolian plateau. Pine forests and mixed pine and oak woodlands and shrublands are predominant.[12]
- Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests: These Mediterranean-climate forests occupy the coastal lowlands and valleys of western Anatolia bordering the Aegean Sea. The ecoregion is home to forests of Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia), oak forests and woodlands, and maquis shrubland of Turkish Pine and evergreen sclerophyllous trees and shrubs, including Olive (Olea europaea), Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo), Arbutus andrachne, Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera), and Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis).[13]
- Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests: These mountain forests occupy the Mediterranean-climate Taurus Mountains of southern Anatolia. Conifer forests are predominant, chiefly Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra), Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani), Taurus fir (Abies cilicica), and juniper (Juniperus foetidissima and J. excelsa). Broadleaf trees include oaks, hornbeam, and maples.[14]
- Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests: This ecoregion occupies the coastal strip of southern Anatolia between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea. Plant communities include broadleaf sclerophyllous maquis shrublands, forests of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) and Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia), and dry oak (Quercus spp.) woodlands and steppes.[15]
History[link]
Main article: History of Anatolia
Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Georgians, Seljuk Turks and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the archaeologically richest places on earth.[citation needed] Two of the seven wonders of the ancient world were located in Anatolia: The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus and the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
Etymology[link]
For more details on this topic, see Names of Anatolia.
 |
It has been suggested that Names of Anatolia be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2009. |
The name Anatolia comes from the Greek Aνατολή (anatolē) meaning the "East" or more literally "sunrise".[16][17] The precise reference of this term has varied over time, perhaps originally referring to the Ionian colonies on the Asia Minor coast. In the Byzantine Empire, Anatolikon called also Theme of the Anatolics (ανατολικόν θέμα) was a theme covering the western and central parts of Turkey's present-day Central Anatolian Region.[18][19]
Antiquity[link]
Eastern Anatolia contains the oldest monumental structures in the world. For example, the monumental structures at Göbekli Tepe were built by hunters and gatherers a thousand years before the development of agriculture. Eastern Anatolia is also a heart region for the Neolithic revolution, one of the earliest areas in which humans domesticated plants and animals. Neolithic sites such as Çatalhöyük, Çayönü, Nevali Cori and Hacilar represent the world's oldest known agricultural villages.
The earliest historical records of Anatolia are from the Akkadian Empire under Sargon in the 24th century BC. The region was famous for exporting various raw materials.[20] The Assyrian Empire claimed the resources, notably silver. One of the numerous Assyrian cuneiform records found in Anatolia at Kanesh uses an advanced system of trading computations and credit lines.[20]
Unlike the Akkadians and the Assyrians, whose Anatolian possessions were peripheral to their core lands in Mesopotamia, the Hittites were centred at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia. They were speakers of an Indo-European language known as the "language of Nesa". Originating from Nesa, they conquered Hattusa in the 18th century BC, imposing themselves over a Hurrian speaking population. During the Late Bronze Age, they created an empire, the Hittite New Kingdom, which reached its height in the 14th century BC. The empire included a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria and upper Mesopotamia. After 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" states. Ancient Anatolia is subdivided by modern scholars into various regions named after the people that occupied them, such as Lydia, Lycia, Caria, Mysia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, Paphlagonia, Cilicia, and Cappadocia.
Beginning with the Bronze Age Collapse at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the west coast of Anatolia was settled by Ionian Greeks. Over several centuries, numerous Ancient Greek city states were established on the coasts of Anatolia. Greeks started Western philosophy on the western coast of Anatolia (Pre-Socratic philosophy). In the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. In the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great conquered the peninsula. Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms. Two hundred years later western and central Anatolia came under Roman control, but it continued to be strongly influenced by Hellenistic culture. In the 1st century BC, the Armenians established the Armenian kingdom under Tigran who reigned throughout much of eastern Anatolia between the Caspian, Black and Mediterranean seas. Anatolia is known as the birthplace of coinage as a medium of exchange (some time in the 7th century BC), which flourished during the Greek and Roman eras.[21][22]
Medieval and Renaissance Periods[link]
After the division of the Roman Empire, Anatolia became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire. Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century (see Byzantine–Arab Wars), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria. In the 10 years following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Seljuk Turks established themselves over large areas of Anatolia, with particular concentrations around the north western rim.[23] The Turkish language and Islamic religion were gradually introduced as a result of the Seljuk conquest, and this period marks the start of Anatolia's slow transition from predominantly Christian and Greek-speaking, to predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking. In the following century, the Byzantines managed to reassert their control in Western and Northern Anatolia. Control of Anatolia was then split between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, with the Byzantine holdings gradually being reduced. In 1255, the Mongols swept through eastern and central Anatolia, and would remain until 1335. The Ilkhanate garrison was stationed near Ankara.[24][25]
By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks. The Turkmen Beyliks were under the control of the Mongols, at least nominally, through declining Seljuk Sultans.[26][27] The Beyliks did not mint coins in the names of their own leaders while they remained under the suzerainty of the Ilkhanids.[28] The Osmanli ruler Osman I was the first Turkish ruler who minted coins in his own name in 1320s, for it bears the legend "Minted by Osman son of Ertugul".[29] Since the minting of coins was a prerogative accorded in Islamic practice only to a sovereign, it can be considered that Osmanli became independent of the Mongol Khans.[30]
After the decline of the Ilkhanate from 1335–1353, the Mongol Empire's legacy in the region was the Uyghur Eretna Dynasty that was overthrown by Kadi Burhan al-Din in 1381.[31] Among the Turkmen leaders the Ottomans emerged as great power under Osman and his son Orhan I. Smyrna was conquered in 1330, and the last Byzantine possession, Philadélphia (modern Alaşehir), fell in 1390. The Anatolian beyliks were in turn absorbed into the rising Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. The Ottomans completed the conquest of the peninsula in 1517 with the taking of Halicarnassus (Bodrum) from the Knights of Saint John.
Modern times[link]
With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia. As the Ottoman Empire further fragmented during the Balkan Wars, much of the non-Christian populations of its former possessions, mainly the Balkan Muslims, flocked to Anatolia and were resettled in various locations, mostly in formerly Christian villages throughout Anatolia.[32]
Anatolia remained multi-ethnic until the early 20th century (see the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire). During World War I, the Armenian Genocide, the Greek genocide (especially in Pontus), and the Assyrian Genocide almost entirely removed the Armenian and Assyrian populations of Anatolia, as well as a large part of its ethnic Greek population. Following the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922, all remaining ethnic Anatolian Greeks were forced out during the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, Anatolia has become Turkey, its inhabitants being mainly Turks and Kurds (see demographics of Turkey and history of Turkey).
Demographics[link]
Almost 80% of the people currently residing in Anatolia are Turks. Kurds, with 15%, constitute a major community in southeastern Anatolia, and are the largest ethnic minority. Albanians, Arabs, Armenians, Syriacs, Bosnians, Circassians, Georgians, Greeks, Jews, Hemshin, Laz and a number of other ethnic groups also live in Anatolia in smaller numbers.
See also[link]
- Aeolis
- Alacahöyük
- Anatolian hypothesis
- Anatolian languages
- Anatolianism
- Anatolian leopard
- Anatolian Plate
- Anatolian Shepherd Dog
- Anatolian beyliks
- Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia
- Antigonid dynasty
- Attalid dynasty
- Bithynia
- Byzantine Empire
- Cappadocia
- Caria
- Çatalhöyük
- Cilicia
- Doris (Asia Minor)
- Empire of Nicaea
- Empire of Trebizond
- Ephesus
- Galatia
- Gordium
- Halicarnassus
- Hattusa
- History of Anatolia
- Hittites
- Ionia
- Lycaonia
- Lycia
- Lydia
- Midas
- Miletus
- Myra
- Mysia
- Pamphylia
- Paphlagonia
- Pentarchy
- Pergamon
- Phrygia
- Pisidia
- Pontus
- Rumi
- Saint Anatolia
- Saint Nicholas
- Sardis
- Seleucid dynasty
- Seljuk Empire
- Sultanate of Rum
- Seven Sleepers
- Troad
- Troy
- Turkey
- Urartu
- Zaza people
References[link]
- ^ "Anatolia comprises more than 95 percent of Turkey's total land area."
- ^ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. 2001. p. 46. ISBN 0 87779 546 0. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA883&dq=anatolia+geographical+dictionary&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=true. Retrieved 18 May 2001.
- ^ a b c Stephen Mitchell, Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor. The Celts in Anatolia and the impact of Roman rule. Clarendon Press, Aug 24, 1995 - 296 pages. ISBN 978-0198150299 [1]
- ^ Ali Yiğit, "Geçmişten Günümüze Türkiye'yi Bölgelere Ayıran Çalışmalar ve Yapılması Gerekenler", Ankara Üniversitesi Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, IV. Ulural Coğrafya Sempozyumu, "Avrupa Birliği Sürecindeki Türkiye'de Bölgesel Farklılıklar", pp. 34-35.
- ^ "Anatolia". Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/22897/Anatolia. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
- ^ "Anatolia entries from Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, The Columbia Encyclopedia, and A Dictionary of World History". Encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Anatolia.aspx. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ "Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008. [2]
- ^ "Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008. [3]
- ^ "Central Anatolian deciduous forests" National Geographic ecoregion profile. Accessed May 25, 2008 [4]
- ^ "Central Anatolian steppe" WWF scientific Report. Accessed May 25, 2008. [5]
- ^ "Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008. [6]
- ^ "Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008 [7]
- ^ Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008 [8]
- ^ "Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008 [9]
- ^ "SEastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests" WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008
- ^ [10]
- ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon". http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%237638.
- ^ "On the First Thema, Called Anatolikon. This theme is called Anatolikon or Theme of the Anatolics "ανατολικόν θέμα", not because it is above and in the direction of the east where the sun rises, but because it lies East of Byzantium and Europe." Constantine VII Porphyogenitus, De Thematibus, ed. A. Pertusi. Vatican: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1952, pp. 59–61.[clarification needed]
- ^ John Haldon, "Byzantium, a History", 2002. PAge 32.
- ^ a b Freeman, Charles (1999). Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-872194-3.
- ^ Howgego, C. J. (1995). Ancient History from Coins. ISBN 0-415-08992-1.
- ^ Asia Minor Coins - an index of Greek and Roman coins from Asia Minor (ancient Anatolia)
- ^ Angold, Michael (1997). The Byzantine Empire 1025-1204. p. 117. ISBN 0-582-29468-1.
- ^ H. M. Balyuzi-Muḥammad and the course of Islám, p.342
- ^ John Freely-Storm on Horseback: The Seljuk Warriors of Turkey, p.83
- ^ Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Gary Leiser-The origins of the Ottoman empire, p.33
- ^ Peter Partner-God of battles: holy wars of Christianity and Islam, p.122
- ^ Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire, p.13
- ^ Artuk-Osmanli Beyliginin Kurucusu, 27f
- ^ Pamuk-A Monetary history, p.30-31
- ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth-The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual, p.234
- ^ Justin McCarthy,"Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922",1996,ISBN 0-87850-094-4
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anatolia |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Anatolia
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Kleinasien
http://es.wn.com/Anatolia
http://ru.wn.com/Малая Азия
http://cs.wn.com/Malá Asie
http://pt.wn.com/Anatólia
http://pl.wn.com/Anatolia
http://hi.wn.com/अनातोलिया
http://it.wn.com/Anatolia
http://id.wn.com/Anatolia
http://nl.wn.com/Anatolië
http://fr.wn.com/Anatolie
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
