Abbasid

Thursday, 04 October 2012

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History of Iraq
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Ruler	Reign
Caliphs of Baghdad
Abu'l Abbas As-Saffah	750–754
Al-Mansur	754–775
Al-Mahdi	775–785
Al-Hadi	785–786
Harun al-Rashid	786–809
Al-Amin	809–813
Al-Ma'mun	813–833
Al-Mu'tasim	833–842
Al-Wathiq	842–847
Al-Mutawakkil	847–861
Al-Muntasir	861–862
Al-Musta'in	862–866
Al-Mu'tazz	866–869
Al-Muhtadi	869–870
Al-Mu'tamid	870–892
Al-Mu'tadid	892–902
Al-Muktafi	902–908
Al-Muqtadir	908–932
Al-Qahir	932–934
Ar-Radi	934–940
Al-Muttaqi	940–944
Al-Mustakfi	944–946
Al-Muti	946–974
At-Ta'i	974–991
Al-Qadir	991–1031
Al-Qa'im	1031–1075
Al-Muqtadi	1075–1094
Al-Mustazhir	1094–1118
Al-Mustarshid	1118–1135
Ar-Rashid	1135–1136
Al-Muqtafi	1136–1160
Al-Mustanjid	1160–1170
Al-Mustadi	1170–1180
An-Nasir	1180–1225
Az-Zahir	1225–1226
Al-Mustansir	1226–1242
Al-Musta'sim	1242–1258
Caliphs of Cairo
Al-Mustansir	1261–1262
Al-Hakim I (Cairo)	1262–1302
Al-Mustakfi I of Cairo	1303–1340
Al-Wathiq I	1340–1341
Al-Hakim II	1341–1352
Al-Mu'tadid I	1352–1362
Al-Mutawakkil I	1362–1383
Al-Wathiq II	1383–1386
Al-Mu'tasim	1386–1389
Al-Mutawakkil I (restored)	1389–1406
Al-Musta'in	1406–1414
Al-Mu'tadid II	1414–1441
Al-Mustakfi II	1441–1451
Al-Qa'im	1451–1455
Al-Mustanjid	1455–1479
Al-Mutawakkil II	1479–1497
Al-Mustamsik	1497–1508
Al-Mutawakkil III	1508–1517

Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib

Commander of the Faithful (Amir al-Mu'minin)
Reign	656–661^[1]
Full name	Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib
Titles	Abu al-Hasan ("Father of Hasan") Abu Turab ("Father of Dust/Soil) Murtadha ("One Who Is Chosen and Contented") Asad ("Lion of God") Haydar ("Lion")^[1] First Alī
Born	(598-10-23)October 23, 598,^[2](599-03-17)March 17, 599 or (600-03-17)March 17, 600^[1] Mecca^[1]
Died	January 28, 661(661-01-28) (aged 62) Kufa^[1]
Buried	Imam Ali Mosque, Najaf, Iraq
Predecessor	Muhammad (as first Shia Imam); Uthman Ibn Affan (as fourth Sunni Caliph)
Successor	Hasan^[3]
Wives	Fatimah^[1] Fatima bint Hizam al-Qilabiyya ("Ummu l-Banin")
Offspring	Hasan Husayn Zaynab (See:Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib)
Father	Abu Talib
Mother	Fatima bint Asad

Person	Quote
Edward Gibbon (British 18th century historian)	The zeal and virtue of Ali were never outstripped by any recent proselyte. He united the qualifications of a poet, a soldier, and a saint; his wisdom still breathes in a collection of moral and religious sayings; and every antagonist,in the combats of the tongue or of the sword, was subdued by his eloquence and valour. From the first hour of his mission to the last rites of his funeral, the apostle was never forsaken by a generous friend, whom he delighted to name his brother, his vicegerent, and the faithful Aaron of a second Moses.^[138]
Washington Irving (American author and essayist)	He was of the noblest branch of the noble race of Koreish. He possessed the three qualities most prized by Arabs: courage, eloquence, and munificence. His intrepid spirit had gained him from the prophet the appellation of The Lion of God, specimens of his eloquence remain in some verses and sayings preserved among the Arabs; and his munificence was manifested in sharing among others, every Friday, what remained in the treasury. Of his magnanimity, we have given repeated instances; his noble scorn of everything false and mean, and the absence in his conduct of everything like selfish intrigue.^[139]
Thomas Carlyle (Scottish historian, critic, and sociological writer)	As for this young Ali, one cannot but like him. A noble-minded creature, as he shows himself, now and always afterwards; full of affection, of fiery daring. Something chivalrous in him; brave as a lion; yet with a grace, a truth and affection worthy of Christian knighthood^[140]
Sir William Muir (Scottish scholar and statesman)	Endowed with a clear intellect, warm in affection, and confiding in friendship, he was from the boyhood devoted heart and soul to the Prophet. Simple, quiet, and unambitious, when in after days he obtained the rule of half of the Moslem world, it was rather thrust upon him than sought^[141]
Dr. Henry Stubbe (Classicist, polemicist, physician, and philosopher)	He had a contempt of the world, its glory and pomp, he feared God much, gave many alms, was just in all his actions, humble and affable; of an exceeding quick wit and of an ingenuity that was not common, he was exceedingly learned, not in those sciences that terminate in speculations but those which extend to practice^[142]
Simon Ockley (British Orientalist and Professor of Arabic at the University of Cambridge)	One thing particularly deserving to be noticed is that his mother was delivered of him at Mecca, in the very temple itself; which never happened to any one else.^[143]

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Shī‘a Islam titles
Ali of the Ahl al-Bayt chief of Banu Hashim since 653 Clan of the Banu Quraish Born: October 23 598 Died: February 28 661
Preceded by Muhammad seal of prophecy — last prophet	1st Imam of Shia Islam 632–661	Succeeded by Hasan ibn Ali Disputed by Nizari
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by Uthman	4th Rashidun Caliph of Sunni Islam 656–661	Succeeded by Hasan ibn Ali

Persondata
Name	Ali
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	October 23, 0598
Place of birth	Mecca
Date of death	January 28, 0661
Place of death	Kufa

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