Satrap (Persian: ساتراپ) was the name given to the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires and in several of their successors, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
The word satrap is also often used in modern literature to refer to world leaders or governors who are heavily influenced by larger world superpowers or hegemonies and act as their surrogates.
Up to the time of the conquest of Media by Cyrus the Great, emperors ruled the conquered lands, through client kings and governors. The chief difference was that in Persian culture the concept of kingship was indivisible from divinity: divine authority validated the divine right of kings. The twenty satraps established by Cyrus were never kings, but viceroys ruling in the king's name, although in political reality many grabbed any chance to carve themselves an independent power base. Darius the Great gave the satrapies a definitive organization, increased their number to twenty-three and fixed their annual tribute (Behistun inscription).
The satrap was in charge of the land that he owned as an administrator, and found himself surrounded by an all-but-royal court; he collected the taxes, controlled the local officials and the subject tribes and cities, and was the supreme judge of the province before whose "chair" (''Nehemiah'' 3:7) every civil and criminal case could be brought. He was responsible for the safety of the roads (cf. Xenophon), and had to put down brigands and rebels.
He was assisted by a council of Persians, to which also provincials were admitted; and was controlled by a royal secretary and by emissaries of the king, especially the "eye of the king" who made an annual inspection and exercised permanent control.
There were further checks on the power of each satrap: besides his secretarial scribe, his chief financial official (Old Persian ''ganzabara'') and the general in charge of the regular army of his province and of the fortresses were independent of him and reported directly to the ''shah'', periodically, in person. But the satrap was allowed to have troops in his own service.
The last great rebellions were put down by Artaxerxes III.
Category:Positions of subnational authority Category:Ancient Persia Category:Persian history Category:Types of country subdivisions
ar:ساتراب bn:সাত্রাপ br:Satrap bg:Сатрап ca:Sàtrapa cs:Satrapie da:Satrap de:Satrap el:Σατράπης es:Sátrapa eo:Satrapio fa:ساتراپ fr:Satrape (Perse) gl:Sátrapa ko:태수 (페르시아) hr:Satrap io:Satrapo id:Satrap it:Satrapo he:אחשדרפן ku:Satrap la:Satrapes hu:Satrapa mk:Сатрап ms:Satrap nl:Satrapie ja:サトラップ no:Satrap pl:Satrapa (w Persji) pt:Sátrapa ro:Satrapie ru:Сатрапия sk:Satrapia sl:Satrap sr:Сатрап sh:Satrap fi:Satraappi sv:Satrap tl:Satrapa tr:Satraplık uk:Сатрап zh:總督 (古波斯)This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | Shahin Najafi شاهین نجفی |
---|---|
background | solo_singer |
birth name | Shahin Najafi |
born | September 10, 1980, Bandar-e Anzali |
origin | Iran |
genre | Persian hip hop, Rock, Blues |
occupation | Musician, Poet, Singer, Writer, Social activist |
years active | 2000-''present'' |
label | Tapesh 2012 (2006 - 2008) , Pamas-Verlag (2008 - 2009) , Sharr Music (2010-''present'') |
associated acts | Antikarisma , Tapesh 2012 , Rapknot , Ghogha , Ziba Shirazi , Ahmad Batebi |
website | Website |
notable instruments | Guitar }} |
Shahin Najafi (Persian: شاهین نجفی) (born in 1980 in Bandar-e Anzali, Iran) is an Iranian musician, poet and singer currently residing in Germany. He began his music career in Iran before emigrating to Germany in 2005.
Najafi's songs cover a range of themes, such as theocracy, poverty, sexism, censorship, child labour, execution and drug addiction. He strives to use poetic, literary, philosophical and political elements in his music.
He studied sociology at the University of Gilan and openly expressed his opinions about the university, leading to him getting expelled.
An article published in No. 19194 of Kayhan(Pro-regime/conservative newspaper) on 29 September 2008 and its content was critical to the «Tapesh 2012» activities. Kayhan published the article as Establishing democracy with drum & circle title and wrote:
}}
Year !! Album !! Label | |||
rowspan="1" | 2006 | ''Ma Iranim (We are Iran)'' | Tapesh 2012 |
rowspan="1" | 2007 | ''Az Tehran ta Berlin (From Tehran to Berlin)'' | |
Year !! Album !! Label | |||
rowspan="1" | 2008 | ''Ma mard nistim (We are not Men)'' | Tapesh 2012 |
rowspan="1" | 2009 | Illusion (Shahin Najafi album)>Tavahom (Illusion)'' | |
rowspan="1" | 2010 | ''Saale Khoon (The Year of Blood)'' | |
Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Iranian male singers Category:Iranian musicians Category:Iranian rappers Category:Iranian hip hop musicians Category:Iranian rock musicians Category:Iranian activists Category:Iranian guitarists Category:Political writers Category:Iranian songwriters Category:Iranian expatriates in Germany Category:People from Bandar-e Anzali
ar:شاهین نجفی de:Shahin Najafi fa:شاهین نجفی fr:Shahin Najafi glk:شاهین نجفی nl:Shahin Najafi pt:Shahin NajafiThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
The World News (WN) Network, has created this privacy statement in order to demonstrate our firm commitment to user privacy. The following discloses our information gathering and dissemination practices for wn.com, as well as e-mail newsletters.
We do not collect personally identifiable information about you, except when you provide it to us. For example, if you submit an inquiry to us or sign up for our newsletter, you may be asked to provide certain information such as your contact details (name, e-mail address, mailing address, etc.).
When you submit your personally identifiable information through wn.com, you are giving your consent to the collection, use and disclosure of your personal information as set forth in this Privacy Policy. If you would prefer that we not collect any personally identifiable information from you, please do not provide us with any such information. We will not sell or rent your personally identifiable information to third parties without your consent, except as otherwise disclosed in this Privacy Policy.
Except as otherwise disclosed in this Privacy Policy, we will use the information you provide us only for the purpose of responding to your inquiry or in connection with the service for which you provided such information. We may forward your contact information and inquiry to our affiliates and other divisions of our company that we feel can best address your inquiry or provide you with the requested service. We may also use the information you provide in aggregate form for internal business purposes, such as generating statistics and developing marketing plans. We may share or transfer such non-personally identifiable information with or to our affiliates, licensees, agents and partners.
We may retain other companies and individuals to perform functions on our behalf. Such third parties may be provided with access to personally identifiable information needed to perform their functions, but may not use such information for any other purpose.
In addition, we may disclose any information, including personally identifiable information, we deem necessary, in our sole discretion, to comply with any applicable law, regulation, legal proceeding or governmental request.
We do not want you to receive unwanted e-mail from us. We try to make it easy to opt-out of any service you have asked to receive. If you sign-up to our e-mail newsletters we do not sell, exchange or give your e-mail address to a third party.
E-mail addresses are collected via the wn.com web site. Users have to physically opt-in to receive the wn.com newsletter and a verification e-mail is sent. wn.com is clearly and conspicuously named at the point of
collection.If you no longer wish to receive our newsletter and promotional communications, you may opt-out of receiving them by following the instructions included in each newsletter or communication or by e-mailing us at michaelw(at)wn.com
The security of your personal information is important to us. We follow generally accepted industry standards to protect the personal information submitted to us, both during registration and once we receive it. No method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage, is 100 percent secure, however. Therefore, though we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your personal information, we cannot guarantee its absolute security.
If we decide to change our e-mail practices, we will post those changes to this privacy statement, the homepage, and other places we think appropriate so that you are aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances, if any, we disclose it.
If we make material changes to our e-mail practices, we will notify you here, by e-mail, and by means of a notice on our home page.
The advertising banners and other forms of advertising appearing on this Web site are sometimes delivered to you, on our behalf, by a third party. In the course of serving advertisements to this site, the third party may place or recognize a unique cookie on your browser. For more information on cookies, you can visit www.cookiecentral.com.
As we continue to develop our business, we might sell certain aspects of our entities or assets. In such transactions, user information, including personally identifiable information, generally is one of the transferred business assets, and by submitting your personal information on Wn.com you agree that your data may be transferred to such parties in these circumstances.