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Czechoslovakia
http://wn.com/Czechoslovakia -
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Ollie Johnston
Oliver Martin Johnston, Jr. (October 31, 1912 – April 14, 2008) was an American motion picture animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last surviving at the time of his death. He was recognized by The Walt Disney Company with its Disney Legend Award in 1989. His work was recognized with the National Medal of Arts in 2005.
http://wn.com/Ollie_Johnston -
Shahr-e Sukhteh
http://wn.com/Shahr-e_Sukhteh -
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (, ) is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was Deutsches Reich (sometimes translated as German Empire, but Reich can also mean realm or federal level of government), however, and it was usually known in English simply as Germany. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on 11 August of that same year. Germany's period of liberal democracy lapsed in the early 1930s, leading to the ascent of the NSDAP and Adolf Hitler in 1933. Although the constitution of 1919 was never officially repealed, the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as Gleichschaltung ("coordination") meant that the government could legislate contrary to the constitution. The constitution became irrelevant; thus, 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Hitler's Third Reich.
http://wn.com/Weimar_Republic
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Eadweard Muybridge
http://wn.com/Eadweard_Muybridge -
Earl Hurd
Earl Hurd (September 14, 1880 – September 28, 1940) was a pioneering American animator and film director. He is noted for creating and producing the silent Bobby Bumps animated short subject series for early animation producer J.R. Bray's Bray Productions. Hurd and Bray are jointly responsible for developing the processes involved in cel animation, and were granted patents for their processes in 1914.
http://wn.com/Earl_Hurd -
George Pal
http://wn.com/George_Pal -
Georges Méliès
http://wn.com/Georges_Méliès -
J. Stuart Blackton
http://wn.com/J_Stuart_Blackton -
Jan Švankmajer
http://wn.com/Jan_Švankmajer -
Jiří Trnka
http://wn.com/Jiří_Trnka -
John Randolph Bray
John Randolph Bray (August 25, 1879 - October 10, 1978) was an American animator. He produced the first animated-color film, The Debut of Thomas Cat (1920), in Brewster Color, developed by Percy D. Brewster of Newark, New Jersey. Bray Productions produced over 500 films between 1913 and 1937, mostly animation films and documentary shorts. Cartoonist Paul Terry worked briefly for Bray Studios in 1916.
http://wn.com/John_Randolph_Bray -
Len Lye
Len Lye, born Leonard Charles Huia Lye (5 July 1901, Christchurch, New Zealand - 15 May 1980, Warwick, New York), was a New Zealand-born artist known primarily for his experimental films and kinetic sculpture. His films are held in archives such as the New Zealand Film Archive, British Film Institute, Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and the Pacific Film Archive at University of California, Berkeley. Lye's sculptures are found in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery and the Berkeley Art Museum. Although he became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1950, much of his work went to New Zealand after his death, where it is housed at the [http://www.govettbrewster.com/ Govett-Brewster Art Gallery] in New Plymouth.
http://wn.com/Len_Lye -
List of animators
http://wn.com/List_of_animators -
Max Fleischer
http://wn.com/Max_Fleischer -
Norman McLaren
Norman McLaren, CC, CQ (11 April 1914 – 27 January 1987) was a Scottish-born Canadian animator and film director known for his work for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).
http://wn.com/Norman_McLaren -
Ollie Johnston
Oliver Martin Johnston, Jr. (October 31, 1912 – April 14, 2008) was an American motion picture animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last surviving at the time of his death. He was recognized by The Walt Disney Company with its Disney Legend Award in 1989. His work was recognized with the National Medal of Arts in 2005.
http://wn.com/Ollie_Johnston -
Phil Tippett
Phil Tippett (born 1951) is a movie director and an award-winning Visual effects Supervisor and Producer, who specializes in creature design and character animation.
http://wn.com/Phil_Tippett -
Piotr Dumała
http://wn.com/Piotr_Dumała -
Ray Harryhausen
Ray Harryhausen (born Raymond Frederick Harryhausen on June 29, 1920 in Los Angeles, California) is an American film producer and a special effects creator most famous for his brand of stop-motion model animation, sometimes called Dynamation. Among his most notable works are his animation on Mighty Joe Young (with pioneer Willis O'Brien, which won the Academy Award for special effects) (1949), The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (his first color film) and Jason and the Argonauts, featuring a famous sword fight against seven skeleton warriors.
http://wn.com/Ray_Harryhausen -
Stan Brakhage
http://wn.com/Stan_Brakhage -
Terrence Masson
http://wn.com/Terrence_Masson -
Terry Gilliam
Terrence Vance "Terry" Gilliam (; born 22 November 1940) is a screenwriter, film director, animator, actor and member of the Monty Python comedy troupe. Gilliam is also known for directing several films, including Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), The Fisher King (1991), and 12 Monkeys (1995). He is the only "Python" not born in Britain, and took British citizenship in 1968.
http://wn.com/Terry_Gilliam -
Thomas Edison
http://wn.com/Thomas_Edison -
Wallace and Gromit
Wallace and Gromit are the main characters in a series consisting of four British animated short films and a feature-length film by Nick Park of Aardman Animations. All the characters are made from moulded plasticine modelling clay on metal armatures, and filmed with stop motion clay animation.
http://wn.com/Wallace_and_Gromit -
William Kentridge
William Kentridge is a South African artist perhaps best known for his animated films. These are constructed by filming a drawing, making erasures and changes, and filming it again. He continues this process meticulously, giving each change to the drawing a quarter of a second to two seconds' screen time. A single drawing will be altered and filmed this way until the end of a scene. These drawings are later displayed along with the films as finished pieces of art.
http://wn.com/William_Kentridge -
Willis O'Brien
'''Willis Harold O'Brien''' (March 2, 1886 – November 8, 1962) was an Irish American pioneering motion picture special effects artist who perfected and specialized in stop-motion animation. He was affectionately known to his family and close friends as "Obie".
http://wn.com/Willis_O'Brien -
Winsor McCay
http://wn.com/Winsor_McCay -
Émile Cohl
http://wn.com/Émile_Cohl
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Animation Movie Trailer - PANGEA The Neverending World
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Published: 18 Aug 2009
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
Try the YT3D in HD! www.youtube.com ANAGLYPH HD 1080p: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Animation_Movie_Trailer_PANGEA_The_Neverending_World
Chico & Rita
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 93:35
- Published: 24 Aug 2012
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Cuba, 1948. Chico is a young piano player with big dreams. Rita is a beautiful singer with an extraordinary voice. Music and desire unite them as they chase their dreams and each other from Havana to New York, Paris, Hollywood and Las Vegas. With an original soundtrack by legendary Cuban pianist and five-time Grammy-winning composer Bebo Valdés, CHICO & RITA captures a defining moment in the evolution of history and jazz, and features the music of (and animated cameos by) Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, Cole Porter, Dizzy Gillespie, Woody Herman, Tito Puente, Chano Pozo and others.
http://wn.com/Chico_Rita
Dead Space: Downfall
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:23
- Published: 10 Mar 2011
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
For the crew of the USG Ishimura, this is how the horror begins: On a deep space mining mission to a remote planet, an ancient religious relic -- thought to be proof of the existence of God -- is unearthed and brought aboard. It is worshipped by some, scorned by others. But when the unholy artifact unleashes a long- dormant alien race, its glimpse of Heaven transforms the ship into a living Hell. The chaos is immediate. The carnage is uncontrollable. And an onslaught unlike anything ever witnessed by mankind has now been set free to rip this world apart.
http://wn.com/Dead_Space_Downfall
Alice In Wonderland - Full Length Malayalam Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 136:19
- Published: 16 Mar 2012
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Alice in Wonderland, a 2005 Malayalam movie, is based on Hollywood romantic- comedy, Benny & Joon. Alby lives with her mentally challenged sister, Alice. He loves her a lot and would go to any extent for her happiness. When Victor enters their life, Alby feels threatened as relationship between Alby and Alice become strained. Alice is attracted by Victor's loving nature. Sophia, a research student from Singapore enters Alby's life. They become good friends and Ably is attracted to her. But Sophia doesn't reciprocate the same feelings and they come to terms with each other's need for companionship in their life.
http://wn.com/Alice_In_Wonderland_Full_Length_Malayalam_Movie
Wonder Woman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 73:38
- Published: 03 Oct 2011
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
Beautiful Amazon princess Wonder Woman leaves paradise Island - her lush tropical island home - to travel to America, where, disguised as Diana Prince, uses her golden belt, which imbues her with astonishing strength, her bullet-deflecting bracelets, a golden lasso that dispels dishonesty and an invisible supersonic plane to combat evil in a harsh urban landscape. Featuring the voices of Golden Globe-winner Keri Russell ("August Rush," "Waitress"), Nathan Fillion ("Serenity," "Waitress"), Academy Award nominee Virginia Madsen ("Sideways," "The Number 23"), and Rosario Dawson ("Sin City," "Grindhouse: Death Proof"). MPAA Rating: PG-13 WONDER WOMAN and all related characters and elements are trademarks of and © DC Comics. © 2009 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
http://wn.com/Wonder_Woman
Krishna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 99:05
- Published: 30 Aug 2012
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Krishna and his leela's can now be seen on screen in Krishna, an animated movie. The post production of this film is now in progress. Aman Khan has directed this film in Hindi. Its telugu version is presently being made on MJM Movie Makers Banner. Its telugu version is being presented by which is presented by P Mahesh Babu and is being brought to the viewers by S Madhukar. This film in not made for children as one might think but every body would find something in it to watch during its two hour duration, the producer said. Aman Khan has put two years of hard work into the film. Six songs for this film has been written by Veturi. The film will be released shortly.
http://wn.com/Krishna
Krishna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 140:06
- Published: 07 Sep 2010
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Krishna (Ravi Teja) is a happy-go-lucky guy in Vijayawada. He falls in love at fight sight with Sandhya (Trisha) who visits from Hyderabad. Sandhya is the sister of Shinde (Sayaji Shinde) who is a popular builder and mafia man. Jakka (Mukul Dev) is another mafia don who wants to marry Sandhya against her wishes. The film is all about how Krishna puts an end to Jakka and marries Sandhya
http://wn.com/Krishna
Fly Me to the Moon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 84:29
- Published: 18 Nov 2011
- Updated: 17 Mar 2012
In 1969, three astronauts dared to go where no man had gone bfore: the moon. Fly Me to the Moon combines the Apollo 11 mission with a twist involving three tween-aged flies who go along on an incredible space adventure. The story introduces new generations to space exploration and the historic moment when the world was united for this awe-inspiring achievement. © MMVII NWAVE PICTURES NV. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
http://wn.com/Fly_Me_to_the_Moon
Thundercats Trailer 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Published: 13 Feb 2011
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
ThunderCats CGI Test Footage Leaked!! Official!! True Trailer!! WB cancelled it some time ago. Thundercats Lion-o WB warner bros. Action Adventure Suspense Heroic Hero Comic Cartoon Animation Trailer Official Trailer Swordplay Fighting Sword of Omen "sneak peek" "tough guys" spoiler trailer movie "superhero film" Humor Gaming Sci-Fi Fantasy
http://wn.com/Thundercats_Trailer_2012
Ramayana - The Epic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:51
- Published: 14 Jan 2011
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Rama, the hero of the Ramayana, is a popular deity worshipped in the Hindu religion. Each year, many devout pilgrims trace his journey through India, halting at each of the holy sites along the way. The poem is not seen as just a literary monument, but serves as an integral part of Hinduism, and is held in such reverence that the mere reading or hearing of it, or certain passages of it, is believed by Hindus to free them from sin and bless the reader or listener. According to Hindu (particularly the Vaishnava) tradition, Rama is an incarnation (Avatar) of the God Vishnu. The main purpose of this incarnation is to demonstrate the righteous path (dharma) for all living creatures on earth. Arshia Sattar states that the central theme of the Ramayana, as well as the Mahabharata, is respectively Ram's and Krishna's hidden divinity and its progressive revelation. *source wikipedia
http://wn.com/Ramayana_The_Epic
Sita Sings the Blues
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 81:32
- Published: 19 May 2011
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
"Sita Sings the Blues" is based on the Hindu epic "The Ramayana". Sita is a goddess separated from her beloved Lord and husband Rama. Nina Paley is an animator whose husband moves to India, then dumps her by email. Three hilarious shadow puppets narrate both ancient tragedy and modern comedy in this beautifully animated interpretation of the Ramayana. Set to the 1920's jazz vocals of torch singer Annette Hanshaw, Sita Sings the Blues earns its tagline as "the Greatest Break-Up Story Ever Told." It is written, directed, produced and animated by American artist Nina Paley. For more about the film and about Nina Paley's other work, see sitasingstheblues.com
http://wn.com/Sita_Sings_the_Blues
9 - Official Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Published: 28 Apr 2009
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Release Date: 9 September 2009 Genre: Animation / Adventure / Sci-Fi Cast: Elijah Wood, John C. Reilly, Jennifer Connelly, Crispin Glover Director: Shane Acker Writer: Shane Acker, Ben Gluck Studio: Focus Features Plot: 9 takes place in a world parallel to our own, in which the very legacy of humanity is threatened. A group of sapient rag dolls, living a post-apocalyptic existence find one of their own, 9 (Elijah Wood), who displays leadership qualities that may help them to survive. Subscribe Now: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/9_Official_Trailer
Superman/Batman: Apocalypse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:06
- Published: 25 Oct 2011
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
A mysterious space ship from planet Krypton crashes on Earth with a beautiful girl inside and everyone wants to meet the new kid. Superman embraces the connection to his past, Batman suspects a traitor, Wonder Woman senses a kindred spirit and Darkseid desires a champion. But this feisty teen has her own ideas, none of which include a secret identity, a cape or heroics. It will take a life or death battle with Darkseid to uncover her true purpose on Earth. A dynamic voice cast -- Kevin Conroy, Tim Daly, Andre Braugher and Summer Glau -- highlights this DC Universe Original Animated Movie that introduces the world to the newest form of girl power! MPAA Rating: PG-13 For violence and brief sensuality. © 2009 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. SUPERMAN, BATMAN and all related characters and elements are trademarks of and © DC Comics. SUPER HEROES is a trademark co-owned by DC Comics.
http://wn.com/Superman_Batman_Apocalypse
Angry Birds: the animated movie trailer - NMA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Published: 27 Sep 2011
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
SUBSCRIBE to Next Media Animation: www.youtube.com An Angry Birds movie is in the works, and we have an exclusive behind-the-scenes look! Will you see it when it comes out...or are you too busy playing Angry Birds? Facebook: www.facebook.com Webpage: www.nma.tv Twitter @nmatv: twitter.com Tumblr: nmatv.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Angry_Birds_the_animated_movie_trailer_NMA
Superman/Batman: Public Enemies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 66:58
- Published: 03 Oct 2011
- Updated: 06 Aug 2012
No one is above the law. (President Lex Luthor) A desperate solution for a troubled country: Lex Luthor for President with the Justice League in the service of the government. Only Batman and Superman stand against the new regime and their disloyalty proves to be exactly what Luthor intended. Using their outcast status to instigate a scandal against Superman, Luthor finally tastes a victory in his vendetta against the Man of Steel. From Executive Producer Bruce Timm and voiced by the cast from both hit Batman and Superman animated TV series including Kevin Conroy, Tim Daly and Clancy Brown, this DC Universe Original Animated Movie of Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness's popular graphic novel seethes with political intrigue and action-packed battles between heroes all believing they're on the right side of the law. MPAA Rating: PG-13 © 2009 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. SUPERMAN, BATMAN and all related characters and elements are trademarks of and © DC Comics. SUPER HEROES is a trademark co-owned by DC Comics.
http://wn.com/Superman_Batman_Public_Enemies
![Starship Troopers: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie](http://web.archive.org./web/20120908042220im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/TSYLD37yc-8/0.jpg "Starship Troopers: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie")
Starship Troopers: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Published: 17 Mar 2012
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
Starship Troopers 4: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie In Starship Troopers: Invasion, a distant Federation outpost protected by the Starship John A. Warden comes under attack by bugs and the team on Fast Attack Ship Alesia is assigned to help evacuate the survivors and bring military intelligence safely back to Earth. Before the attack ship can rendezvous with the starship, Carl Jenkins, now at the ministry of Paranormal Warfare, takes the starship on a clandestine mission and goes missing in the nebula. The battle-hardened troopers are then charged with a rescue mission that may have much more sinister consequences than they ever could have imagined.
http://wn.com/Starship_Troopers_Invasion_Trailer_2012_HD_Animated_Movie
CARS Movie Trailer (animation)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Published: 19 Oct 2006
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
Movie preview for the animated movie CARS
http://wn.com/CARS_Movie_Trailer_animation
![Justice League New 2012 Animated Movie Trailer [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120908042220im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bHuqgfed_DQ/0.jpg "Justice League New 2012 Animated Movie Trailer [HD]")
Justice League New 2012 Animated Movie Trailer [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Published: 31 Aug 2011
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Justice League New 2012 Animated Movie Trailer [HD]
http://wn.com/Justice_League_New_2012_Animated_Movie_Trailer_HD_
Upcoming Animated Movies 2011 HD Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:51
- Published: 22 Dec 2010
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
These are the most anticipated 3D Animation movies Coming in 2011 (Cars 2,Kung Fu Panda 2,Gnomeo Juliet,Rango,Rio,Mars Needs Moms,Arthurs Christmas,Hop)
http://wn.com/Upcoming_Animated_Movies_2011_HD_Trailer
![Nice Animated Drive Movie Trailer 2011 (Ryan Gosling) [Tribute]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120908042220im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bSUcDCytatg/0.jpg "Nice Animated Drive Movie Trailer 2011 (Ryan Gosling) [Tribute]")
Nice Animated Drive Movie Trailer 2011 (Ryan Gosling) [Tribute]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Published: 01 Dec 2011
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
Animated trailer of the movie Drive 2011 starring Ryan Gosling. Kind of bloody. Music: Glass Candy - Digital Versicolor by tom haugomat & bruno mangyoku
http://wn.com/Nice_Animated_Drive_Movie_Trailer_2011_Ryan_Gosling_Tribute_
158 Movie Trailer End Title Animations | Motion Graphics 1080p
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Published: 10 Mar 2011
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Follow me on Twiitter! twitter.com A Total of 158 Title Animations from Movie Trailer from the past 2 years. Most of the trailers where taken from apple trailers. The video features six trailers that i designed or worked on. The Kings Speech, Black Swan, Jackboots, Horrid Henry, Never Let Me Go and Monsters. Features work from the follwoing design/trailer houses: Create Advertising, Imaginary Forces, Prologue, Ant Farm, Aspect Ratio, Ignition Creative, AV Squad, Buddha Jones, Mojo, LLC, Trailer Park, Follow me on Twitter! - twitter.com Credits End Title Credit Info: "Kill Me Every Time" Written by Bret Autrey Performed by Blue Stahli Courtesy of FiXT/Position Music
http://wn.com/158_Movie_Trailer_End_Title_Animations_|_Motion_Graphics_1080p
Upcoming Animated Movies 2011/2012 HD Trailer Part - 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Published: 15 Aug 2011
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
This is the follow up video of the most anticipated 3D Animation movies Coming in 2011 (Puss in Boots,Happy Feet 2,Arthurs Christmas,The Pirates! Band of Misfits,The Adventures of Tintin -The Secret of the Unicorn)
http://wn.com/Upcoming_Animated_Movies_2011_2012_HD_Trailer_Part_2
Justice League: Doom - Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Published: 19 Oct 2011
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
The Legion of Doom gets a 21st century make-over in the new DC animated movie Justice League: Doom. Watch the debut trailer for the film here! IGN's YouTube is just a taste of our content! Check out our other game channels: IGN Home - www.ign.com Call of Duty - http Zelda - youtube.com Battlefield - youtube.com Halo - youtube.com Batman - youtube.com And more!
http://wn.com/Justice_League_Doom_Movie_Trailer
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For other uses, see Animation (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) |
The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these six frames.
This animation moves at 10 frames per second.
Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions to create an illusion of movement. The effect is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in several ways. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although there are other methods.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
From Latin animātiō, "the act of bringing to life"; from animō ("to animate" or "give life to") + -ātiō ("the act of").
Early examples[link]
Main article: History of animation
File:Egyptmotionseries.jpg
An Egyptian burial chamber mural, approximately 4000 years old, showing wrestlers in action. Even though this may appear similar to a series of animation drawings, there was no way of viewing the images in motion. It does, however, indicate the artist's intention of depicting motion.
Early examples of attempts to capture the phenomenon of motion drawing can be found in paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion.
A 5,000 year old earthen bowl found in Iran in Shahr-i Sokhta has five images of a goat painted along the sides. This has been claimed to be an example of early animation. However, since no equipment existed to show the images in motion, such a series of images cannot be called animation in a true sense of the word.[1]
A Chinese zoetrope-type device had been invented in 180 AD.[2] The phenakistoscope, praxinoscope, and the common flip book were early popular animation devices invented during the 19th century.
These devices produced the appearance of movement from sequential drawings using technological means, but animation did not really develop much further until the advent of cinematography.
There is no single person who can be considered the "creator" of film animation, as there were several people working on projects which could be considered animation at about the same time.
Georges Méliès was a creator of special-effect films; he was generally one of the first people to use animation with his technique. He discovered a technique by accident which was to stop the camera rolling to change something in the scene, and then continue rolling the film. This idea was later known as stop-motion animation. Méliès discovered this technique accidentally when his camera broke down while shooting a bus driving by. When he had fixed the camera, a hearse happened to be passing by just as Méliès restarted rolling the film, his end result was that he had managed to make a bus transform into a hearse. This was just one of the great contributors to animation in the early years.
The earliest surviving stop-motion advertising film was an English short by Arthur Melbourne-Cooper called Matches: An Appeal (1899). Developed for the Bryant and May Matchsticks company, it involved stop-motion animation of wired-together matches writing a patriotic call to action on a blackboard.
J. Stuart Blackton was possibly the first American film-maker to use the techniques of stop-motion and hand-drawn animation. Introduced to film-making by Edison, he pioneered these concepts at the turn of the 20th century, with his first copyrighted work dated 1900. Several of his films, among them The Enchanted Drawing (1900) and Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) were film versions of Blackton's "lightning artist" routine, and utilized modified versions of Méliès' early stop-motion techniques to make a series of blackboard drawings appear to move and reshape themselves. 'Humorous Phases of Funny Faces' is regularly cited as the first true animated film, and Blackton is considered the first true animator.
.GIF)
Another French artist, Émile Cohl, began drawing cartoon strips and created a film in 1908 called Fantasmagorie. The film largely consisted of a stick figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects, such as a wine bottle that transforms into a flower. There were also sections of live action where the animator’s hands would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame onto negative film, which gave the picture a blackboard look. This makes Fantasmagorie the first animated film created using what came to be known as traditional (hand-drawn) animation.
Following the successes of Blackton and Cohl, many other artists began experimenting with animation. One such artist was Winsor McCay, a successful newspaper cartoonist, who created detailed animations that required a team of artists and painstaking attention for detail. Each frame was drawn on paper; which invariably required backgrounds and characters to be redrawn and animated. Among McCay's most noted films are Little Nemo (1911), Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) and The Sinking of the Lusitania (1918).
The production of animated short films, typically referred to as "cartoons", became an industry of its own during the 1910s, and cartoon shorts were produced to be shown in movie theaters. The most successful early animation producer was John Randolph Bray, who, along with animator Earl Hurd, patented the cel animation process which dominated the animation industry for the rest of the decade.
El Apóstol (Spanish: "The Apostle") was a 1917 Argentine animated film utilizing cutout animation, and the world's first animated feature film.[citation needed]
Techniques[link]
Traditional animation[link]
Main article: Traditional animation
Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, which are first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels, which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one onto motion picture film against a painted background by a rostrum camera.
The traditional cel animation process became obsolete by the beginning of the 21st century. Today, animators' drawings and the backgrounds are either scanned into or drawn directly into a computer system. Various software programs are used to color the drawings and simulate camera movement and effects. The final animated piece is output to one of several delivery media, including traditional 35 mm film and newer media such as digital video. The "look" of traditional cel animation is still preserved, and the character animators' work has remained essentially the same over the past 70 years. Some animation producers have used the term "tradigital" to describe cel animation which makes extensive use of computer technology.
Examples of traditionally animated feature films include Pinocchio (United States, 1940), Animal Farm (United Kingdom, 1954), and Akira (Japan, 1988). Traditional animated films which were produced with the aid of computer technology include The Lion King (US, 1994) Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi (Spirited Away) (Japan, 2001), and Les Triplettes de Belleville (France, 2003).
- Full animation refers to the process of producing high-quality traditionally animated films, which regularly use detailed drawings and plausible movement. Fully animated films can be done in a variety of styles, from more realistically animated works such as those produced by the Walt Disney studio (Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Lion King) to the more 'cartoony' styles of those produced by the Warner Bros. animation studio. Many of the Disney animated features are examples of full animation, as are non-Disney works such as The Secret of NIMH (US, 1982), The Iron Giant (US, 1999), and Nocturna (Spain, 2007).
- Limited animation involves the use of less detailed and/or more stylized drawings and methods of movement. Pioneered by the artists at the American studio United Productions of America, limited animation can be used as a method of stylized artistic expression, as in Gerald McBoing Boing (US, 1951), Yellow Submarine (UK, 1968), and much of the anime produced in Japan. Its primary use, however, has been in producing cost-effective animated content for media such as television (the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and other TV animation studios) and later the Internet (web cartoons).
- Rotoscoping is a technique, patented by Max Fleischer in 1917, where animators trace live-action movement, frame by frame. The source film can be directly copied from actors' outlines into animated drawings, as in The Lord of the Rings (US, 1978), or used in a stylized and expressive manner, as in Waking Life (US, 2001) and A Scanner Darkly (US, 2006). Some other examples are: Fire and Ice (USA, 1983) and Heavy Metal (1981).
- Live-action/animation is a technique, when combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots. One of the earlier uses of it was Koko the Clown when Koko was drawn over live action footage. Other examples would include Who Framed Roger Rabbit (USA, 1988), Space Jam (USA, 1996) and Osmosis Jones (USA, 2002).
Stop motion[link]
Main article: Stop motion
Stop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the medium used to create the animation. Computer software is widely available to create this type of animation.
- Puppet animation typically involves stop-motion puppet figures interacting with each other in a constructed environment, in contrast to the real-world interaction in model animation. The puppets generally have an armature inside of them to keep them still and steady as well as constraining them to move at particular joints. Examples include The Tale of the Fox (France, 1937), The Nightmare Before Christmas (US, 1993), Corpse Bride (US, 2005), Coraline (US, 2009), the films of Jiří Trnka and the TV series Robot Chicken (US, 2005–present).
- Puppetoon, created using techniques developed by George Pal, are puppet-animated films which typically use a different version of a puppet for different frames, rather than simply manipulating one existing puppet.
Clay animation
- Puppetoon, created using techniques developed by George Pal, are puppet-animated films which typically use a different version of a puppet for different frames, rather than simply manipulating one existing puppet.
- Clay animation, or Plasticine animation often abbreviated as claymation, uses figures made of clay or a similar malleable material to create stop-motion animation. The figures may have an armature or wire frame inside of them, similar to the related puppet animation (below), that can be manipulated to pose the figures. Alternatively, the figures may be made entirely of clay, such as in the films of Bruce Bickford, where clay creatures morph into a variety of different shapes. Examples of clay-animated works include The Gumby Show (US, 1957–1967) Morph shorts (UK, 1977–2000), Wallace and Gromit shorts (UK, as of 1989), Jan Švankmajer's Dimensions of Dialogue (Czechoslovakia, 1982), The Trap Door (UK, 1984). Films include Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, Chicken Run and The Adventures of Mark Twain.
- Cutout animation is a type of stop-motion animation produced by moving 2-dimensional pieces of material such as paper or cloth. Examples include Terry Gilliam's animated sequences from Monty Python's Flying Circus (UK, 1969–1974); Fantastic Planet (France/Czechoslovakia, 1973) ; Tale of Tales (Russia, 1979), The pilot episode of the TV series (and sometimes in episodes) of South Park (US, 1997).
- Silhouette animation is a variant of cutout animation in which the characters are backlit and only visible as silhouettes. Examples include The Adventures of Prince Achmed (Weimar Republic, 1926) and Princes et princesses (France, 2000).
- Model animation refers to stop-motion animation created to interact with and exist as a part of a live-action world. Intercutting, matte effects, and split screens are often employed to blend stop-motion characters or objects with live actors and settings. Examples include the work of Ray Harryhausen, as seen in films such Jason and the Argonauts (1963), and the work of Willis O'Brien on films such as King Kong (1933 film).
- Go motion is a variant of model animation which uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film, which is not present in traditional stop-motion. The technique was invented by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett to create special effects scenes for the film The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Another example is the dragon named Vermithrax from Dragonslayer (1981 film).
- Object animation refers to the use of regular inanimate objects in stop-motion animation, as opposed to specially created items.
- Graphic animation uses non-drawn flat visual graphic material (photographs, newspaper clippings, magazines, etc.) which are sometimes manipulated frame-by-frame to create movement. At other times, the graphics remain stationary, while the stop-motion camera is moved to create on-screen action.
- Brickfilm A sub genre of object animation involving using LEGO or other similar brick toys to make an animation. These have had a recent boost in popularity with the advent of video sharing sites like YouTube, and the availability of cheap cameras, and animation software.
- Pixilation involves the use of live humans as stop motion characters. This allows for a number of surreal effects, including disappearances and reappearances, allowing people to appear to slide across the ground, and other such effects. Examples of pixilation include The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb and Angry Kid shorts.
Computer animation[link]
Main article: Computer animation
.gif)
Computer animation encompasses a variety of techniques, the unifying factor being that the animation is created digitally on a computer. This animation takes less time than previous traditional animation.
2D animation[link]
2D animation figures are created and/or edited on the computer using 2D bitmap graphics or created and edited using 2D vector graphics. This includes automated computerized versions of traditional animation techniques such as of, interpolated morphing, onion skinning and interpolated rotoscoping.
2D animation has many applications, including analog computer animation, Flash animation and PowerPoint animation. Cinemagraphs are still photographs in the form of an animated GIF file of which part is animated.
3D animation[link]
3D animation is digitally modeled and manipulated by an animator. To manipulate a mesh, it is given a digital skeletal structure that can be used to control the mesh. This process is called rigging. Various other techniques can be applied, such as mathematical functions (ex. gravity, particle simulations), simulated fur or hair, effects such as fire and water and the use of motion capture to name but a few, these techniques fall under the category of 3D dynamics. Well-made 3D animations can be difficult to distinguish from live action and are commonly used as visual effects for recent movies. Toy Story (1995, USA) is the first feature-length film to be created and rendered entirely using 3D graphics.
Terms[link]
- Cel-shaded animation, is used to mimic traditional animation using CG software. Shading looks stark, with less blending colors. Examples include, Skyland (2007, France), Appleseed Ex Machina (2007, Japan), The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker (2002, Japan)
- Machinima, Films created by screen capturing in video games and virtual worlds.
- Motion capture, is used when live action actors wear special suits that allow computers to copy their movements into CG characters. Examples include Polar Express (2004, USA), Beowulf (2007, USA), A Christmas Carol (2009, USA), The Adventures of Tintin (2011, USA)
- Photo realistic animation, is used primarily for animation that attempts to resemble real life. Using advanced rendering that makes detailed skin, plants, water, fire, clouds, etc. to mimic real life. Examples include Up (2009, USA), Kung-Fu Panda (2008, USA), Ice Age (2002, USA).
2D animation techniques tend to focus on image manipulation while 3D techniques usually build virtual worlds in which characters and objects move and interact. 3D animation can create images that seem real to the viewer.
Other animation techniques[link]
- Drawn on film animation: a technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, for example by Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage.
- Paint-on-glass animation: a technique for making animated films by manipulating slow drying oil paints on sheets of glass, for example by Aleksandr Petrov.
- Erasure animation: a technique using tradition 2D medium, photographed over time as the artist manipulates the image. For example, William Kentridge is famous for his charcoal erasure films, and Piotr Dumała for his auteur technique of animating scratches on plaster.
- Pinscreen animation: makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen. The screen is lit from the side so that the pins cast shadows. The technique has been used to create animated films with a range of textural effects difficult to achieve with traditional cel animation.
- Sand animation: sand is moved around on a back- or front-lighted piece of glass to create each frame for an animated film. This creates an interesting effect when animated because of the light contrast.
- Flip book: A flip book (sometimes, especially in British English, called a flick book) is a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. Flip books are often illustrated books for children, but may also be geared towards adults and employ a series of photographs rather than drawings. Flip books are not always separate books, but may appear as an added feature in ordinary books or magazines, often in the page corners. Software packages and websites are also available that convert digital video files into custom-made flip books.
Other techniques and approaches[link]
See also[link]
 |
Book: Animation |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- 12 basic principles of animation
- Adult animation
- Animation database
- Animation software
- Architectural animation
- Tradigital art
- Avar (animation variable)
- Blocking (animation)
- Computer generated imagery
- History of animation
- International Tournée of Animation
- List of movie genres
- List of animation studios
- List of animated feature-length films
- List of animated shorts available on DVD
- List of animated short series
- List of animated television series
- List of computer-animated films
- List of stop motion films
- List of traditional animated feature films
- List of motion picture topics
- Wire frame model
- Motion graphic design
- Motion capture
- Model sheet
References[link]
- ^ Cohn, Neil (2006-02-15). "Burnt City
animationVL". Emaki Productions. http://www.emaki.net/blog/2006/02/burnt-city-animation-vl.html. Retrieved 2010-12-04. - ^ Ronan, Colin A; Joseph Needham (1985). The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31536-4.
Further reading[link]
- Anderson, Joseph and Barbara, "The Myth of Persistence of Vision Revisited", Journal of Film and Video, Vol. 45, No. 1 (Spring 1993): 3-12
- Culhane, Shamus, Animation Script to Screen
- Laybourne, Kit, The Animation Book
- Ledoux, Trish, Ranney, Doug, & Patten, Fred (Ed.), Complete Anime Guide: Japanese Animation Film Directory and Resource Guide, Tiger Mountain Press 1997
- Lowe, Richard & Schnotz, Wolfgang (Eds) Learning with Animation. Research implications for design Cambridge University Press, 2008
- Masson, Terrence, CG101: A Computer Graphics Industry Reference Unique and personal histories of early computer animation production, plus a comprehensive foundation of the industry for all reading levels. ISBN 978-0-9778710-0-1
- Serenko, Alexander, The development of an instrument to measure the degree of animation predisposition of agent users, Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 23, No. 1 (2007): 478-495.
- Thomas, Frank and Johnston, Ollie, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, Abbeville 1981
- Walters, Faber and Helen (Ed.), Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940, HarperCollins Publishers, 2004
- Williams, Richard, The Animator's Survival Kit ISBN 978-0-571-20228-7
- Bob Godfrey and Anna Jackson, 'The Do-It-Yourself Film Animation Book' BBC Publications 1974 ISBN 978-0-563-10829-0 Now out of print but available s/hand through a range of sources such as Amazon Uk.
- Lawson, Tim and Alisa Persons. The Magic Behind the Voices: A Who's Who of Cartoon Voice Actors. University Press of Mississippi. 2004. (A history of cartoon voice-overs and biographies and photographs of many prominent animation voice actors.)
- Ball, R., Beck, J., DeMott R., Deneroff, H., Gerstein, D., Gladstone, F., Knott, T., Leal, A., Maestri, G., Mallory, M., Mayerson, M., McCracken, H., McGuire, D., Nagel, J., Pattern, F., Pointer, R., Webb, P., Robinson, C., Ryan, W., Scott, K., Snyder, A. & Webb, G. (2004) Animation Art: From Pencil to Pixel, the History of Cartoon, Anime & CGI. Fulhamm London.: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84451-140-2
- Crafton, Donald (1982). Before Mickey. Cambridge, Massachusetts.: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-03083-0
- Solomon, Charles (1989). Enchanted Drawings: The History of Animation. New York.: Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-0-394-54684-1
External links[link]
 |
Look up animation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Animations |
- Animation at the Open Directory Project
- Experimental Animation Techniques
- How An Animated Cartoon is Made
- "Animando", a 12-minute film demonstrating 10 different animation techniques (and teaching how to use them).
- CARTOON, the European association of animation film, organising coproduction forums and training seminars for animation professionals.
- Animation Magazine, The News, Business, Technology and Art of Animation
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
66:58
Superman/Batman: Public Enemies
warnervoduk
Superman/Batman: Public Enemies
No one is above the law. (President Lex Luthor) A desperate solution for a troubled country: Lex Luthor for President with the Justice League in the service of the government. Only Batman and Superman stand against the new regime and their disloyalty proves to be exactly what Luthor intended. Using their outcast status to instigate a scandal against Superman, Luthor finally tastes a victory in his vendetta against the Man of Steel. From Executive Producer Bruce Timm and voiced by the cast from both hit Batman and Superman animated TV series including Kevin Conroy, Tim Daly and Clancy Brown, this DC Universe Original Animated Movie of Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness's popular graphic novel seethes with political intrigue and action-packed battles between heroes all believing they're on the right side of the law. MPAA Rating: PG-13 © 2009 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. SUPERMAN, BATMAN and all related characters and elements are trademarks of and © DC Comics. SUPER HEROES is a trademark co-owned by DC Comics.
1:17
Starship Troopers: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie
PlayTraiIers
Starship Troopers: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie
Starship Troopers 4: Invasion - Trailer 2012 [HD] Animated Movie In Starship Troopers: Invasion, a distant Federation outpost protected by the Starship John A. Warden comes under attack by bugs and the team on Fast Attack Ship Alesia is assigned to help evacuate the survivors and bring military intelligence safely back to Earth. Before the attack ship can rendezvous with the starship, Carl Jenkins, now at the ministry of Paranormal Warfare, takes the starship on a clandestine mission and goes missing in the nebula. The battle-hardened troopers are then charged with a rescue mission that may have much more sinister consequences than they ever could have imagined.
1:02
Nice Animated Drive Movie Trailer 2011 (Ryan Gosling) [Tribute]
gangsterturk25
Nice Animated Drive Movie Trailer 2011 (Ryan Gosling) [Tribute]
Animated trailer of the movie Drive 2011 starring Ryan Gosling. Kind of bloody. Music: Glass Candy - Digital Versicolor by tom haugomat & bruno mangyoku
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