Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Afterlife
Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
![Afterlife-Avenged Sevenfold [Lyrics]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120923161057im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/VNpy2K27PKU/0.jpg "Afterlife by Avenged Sevenfold taken from the Self-titled Album I do NOT own this music! DO NOT POST CHAIN COMMENTS! Thanks for the 8000000 views guys! ♥ When I first made it about 4 years ago, didn't think it would get all those views! Thanks very much! :) Rest In Peace Jimmy! This is for you!")
![Avenged Sevenfold - Afterlife [Live]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120923161057im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bDQLCne_CGg/0.jpg "© 2010 WMG \"Afterlife\" by Avenged Sevenfold. Performance of \"Afterlife\" from their CD/DVD \"Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough\". Directed by Rafa Alcantra. Download on iTunes: bit.ly Links: Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Website: avengedsevenfold.com")
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 2 Maccabees
- 21 Grams
- Aaru
- Abortion
- Abortion law
- Abraham ibn Daud
- Abrahamic religion
- Abrahamic Religions
- Absolute idealism
- Acosmism
- Aeacus
- Aeneas
- Aeneid
- Aesthetics
- Africana philosophy
- Afterlife
- Age of Enlightenment
- Agnosticism
- Agriculturalism
- Ahura Mazda
- Akhirah
- Alan F. Segal
- Albrecht Ritschl
- Allah
- Altruism
- Alvin Plantinga
- American philosophy
- Ammit
- Analytic philosophy
- Anarchism
- Ancient philosophy
- Angels
- Angels in Islam
- Anglican
- Anglo-Catholic
- Animal sacrifice
- Animism
- Anselm of Canterbury
- Anthony Kenny
- Anti-Catholicism
- Anti-Christianity
- Anti-cult movement
- Anti-Hinduism
- Anti-Judaism
- Anti-Protestantism
- Anti-realism
- Antireligion
- Antony Flew
- Apocalypticism
- Apologetics
- Apophatic theology
- Arabic
- Arcadia (utopia)
- Argument from beauty
- Argument from degree
- Argument from desire
- Argument from love
- Argument from Reason
- Argument from reason
- Aristotelianism
- Armageddon
- Asgard
- Asher ben Jehiel
- Ashkenazi Jews
- Asphodel Fields
- Asphodel Meadows
- Assisted suicide
- Athanasian Creed
- Atheism
- Atheist's Wager
- Atman (Buddhism)
- Atman (Hinduism)
- Atmosphere
- Atomism
- Attributes of God
- Augustine of Hippo
- Augustinian theodicy
- Autopsy
- Avalon
- Averroes
- Averroism
- Avicenna
- Ayyavazhi theology
- Aztec mythology
- Aztec philosophy
- Baal Shem Tov
- Bahman
- Bahá'í apologetics
- Bahá'í Faith
- Bahá'í literature
- Bahá'í teachings
- Baptism
- Bardo
- Bardo Thodol
- Baron d'Holbach
- Baruch Spinoza
- Barzakh
- Beatific Vision
- Behaviorism
- Bertrand Russell
- Bhagavat Gita
- Biblical canon
- Binitarianism
- Blaise Pascal
- Boethius
- Book of Daniel
- Book of Enoch
- Book of Isaiah
- Book of Revelation
- Book of the Dead
- Bosom of Abraham
- Brahman
- Brain death
- Brig of Dread
- British philosophy
- Buddhahood
- Buddhism
- Buddhist eschatology
- Buddhist philosophy
- Burial
- Calvinist
- Capital punishment
- Cartesianism
- Category Apologetics
- Category Death
- Category Eschatology
- Category Philosophy
- Category Theism
- Category Theologians
- Category Theology
- Catholic Church
- Celtic mythology
- Cemetery
- Cerberus
- Certainty
- Charles Hartshorne
- Charles Tart
- Charon (mythology)
- Child mortality
- Chinese mythology
- Chinese philosophy
- Chinvat bridge
- Chinvat Bridge
- Christian
- Christian cosmology
- Christian ethics
- Christian feminism
- Christian humanism
- Christian philosophy
- Christian theology
- Christianity
- Christology
- Cicero
- Classical antiquity
- Classical liberalism
- Clinical death
- Coffin birth
- Collective dream
- Comma Johanneum
- Compatibilism
- Conceptions of God
- Conceptualism
- Confucianism
- Conscience
- Consciousness
- Consequentialism
- Consubstantiality
- Cremation
- Criticism of Islam
- Criticism of Jainism
- Criticism of Judaism
- Cryonics
- Cynicism
- Cārvāka
- Dan Cohn-Sherbok
- Danish philosophy
- David Fontana
- David Hume
- David Kimhi
- David Ray Griffin
- Death
- Death and culture
- Death certificate
- Death in absentia
- Death row
- Deaths in 2008
- Deaths in 2009
- Deaths in 2010
- Deaths in 2011
- Deaths in 2012
- Decomposition
- Deconstruction
- Degrees of glory
- Deism
- Deity
- Demiurge
- Demons
- Deontology
- Desiderius Erasmus
- Determinism
- Deva (Buddhism)
- Devachan
- Dharma
- Dharma (Buddhism)
- Dharmic religion
- Dimethyltryptamine
- Divine judgment
- Divine Judgment
- Divine presence
- Divine simplicity
- Divinity
- Diyu
- Domenico Beccafumi
- Doomsday films
- Dream of Scipio
- Dream telepathy
- Dreams
- Dualism
- Duat
- Duzakh
- Dystheism
- East Asian religions
- Ecclesiastes
- Ecclesiology
- Ego
- Egotheism
- Elysium
- Emanationism
- Emanuel Swedenborg
- Embalming
- Emil Brunner
- Empiricism
- Empyrean
- Emunoth ve-Deoth
- End-of-life care
- Epicureanism
- Epiphenomenalism
- Epistemology
- Epistle to Diognetus
- Erlik
- Ernst Cassirer
- Ernst Haeckel
- Ernst Troeltsch
- Erwin Schrödinger
- Eschatology
- Esotericism
- Essence
- Essenes
- Eternity
- Ethical egoism
- Ethics
- Ethics in religion
- Euthanasia
- Euthyphro dilemma
- Event (philosophy)
- Exclusivism
- Exegesis
- Existence of God
- Existentialism
- Exotheology
- Experiences
- Faith
- Falsifiability
- Feminist philosophy
- Feminist theology
- Final Judgment
- Fortunate Isles
- Francis Crick
- Frank Tipler
- Frankfurt School
- Free will
- Freeman Dyson
- French philosophy
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Fundamentalism
- Funeral
- Fólkvangr
- Garden of Eden
- Gardner Murphy
- Garuda Purana
- Gary Schwartz
- Gathas
- Gehenna
- Gender of God
- Genocide
- George Santayana
- German philosophy
- Germanic paganism
- Ghost
- Ghost Dance
- Ghosts
- Gilgul
- Gimlé
- Glory (religion)
- Gnosticism
- God
- God as the Devil
- God in Buddhism
- God in Christianity
- God in Hinduism
- God in Islam
- God in Jainism
- God in Judaism
- God in Mormonism
- God in Sikhism
- God is dead
- God of the gaps
- God the Father
- God the Sustainer
- Goddess
- Goddesses
- Golden age
- Good works
- Gospel of Luke
- Gospel of Matthew
- Grace (Christianity)
- Great Flood
- Great Spirit
- Great unity
- Greek mythology
- Gregory of Nyssa
- Grief
- Grotto-heavens
- Guf
- H. H. Price
- Hades
- Hamistagan
- Happy hunting ground
- Harald Høffding
- Harrowing of Hell
- Hasdai Crescas
- Hatshepsut
- Haunting
- Heaven
- Hebrew Bible
- Hegelianism
- Hel (location)
- Hel (realm)
- Hell
- Henotheism
- Henry Sidgwick
- Heraclitus
- Hercules
- Hermeneutics
- Hermes
- Hermeticism
- Hesperides
- Hieronymus Bosch
- Hindu eschatology
- Hindu philosophy
- Hindu theology
- Hinduism
- Hippolytus of Rome
- History of religions
- Holocaust theology
- Holy Spirit
- Homoousian
- Human sacrifice
- Humanism
- Ian Stevenson
- Idealism
- Illuminationism
- Iman
- Immanuel Kant
- Immortality
- Inclusivism
- Inconsistent triad
- Index of philosophy
- Indian philosophy
- Infant mortality
- Intermediate state
- Iranian philosophy
- Irenaean theodicy
- Islam
- Islamic eschatology
- Islamic feminism
- Islamic holy books
- Islamic philosophy
- Islamic theology
- Islamophobia
- Israfel
- Italian philosophy
- J. L. Mackie
- Jahannam
- Jain philosophy
- Jainism
- Jamshid
- Jannah
- Jannat
- Japanese mythology
- Japanese philosophy
- Jean-Luc Marion
- Jehovah's Witnesses
- Jesus
- Jewish Eschatology
- Jewish eschatology
- Jewish feminism
- Jewish mysticism
- Jewish philosophy
- Jewish seminary
- Jewish theology
- John Hick
- John Wesley
- Joseph Albo
- Joseph B. Rhine
- Joseph F. Smith
- Judaism
- Judgment Day
- Jurisprudence
- Kabbalah
- Kalam
- Kantianism
- Karl Barth
- Karl Marx
- Karl Popper
- Karma
- Kathenotheism
- King
- Kingdom of God
- Kokugaku
- Korean Confucianism
- Korean philosophy
- Krishna
- Krishnology
- Kyoto school
- Labours of Hercules
- Lake of fire
- Language-game
- Last judgment
- Last Judgment
- Last Rites
- Lazarus and Dives
- Lazarus syndrome
- Legal death
- Legal positivism
- Leon de Modena
- Lev Shestov
- Life form
- Life review
- Limbo
- List of philosophers
- List of philosophies
- Logic
- Logical positivism
- Logos
- Looney Tunes
- Loyal Rue
- Ludwig Feuerbach
- Ma'at
- Madrassas
- Mag Mell
- Maimonides
- Malakh
- Male deity
- Maltheism
- Marriage
- Martin Buber
- Martin Lings
- Martin Luther
- Martyr
- Marxist philosophy
- Mastaba
- Materialism
- Maternal death
- Max Heindel
- Mazdak
- Medieval philosophy
- Mediumship
- Memories
- Mesoamerica
- Messianism
- Metaphilosophy
- Metaphysics
- Methodism
- Metta
- Michael Persinger
- Mictlan
- Millennialism
- Millennium
- Mind
- Minos
- Miracle
- Mircea Eliade
- Misvan Gatu
- Modern philosophy
- Modernism
- Mohism
- Moksha
- Monism
- Monolatrism
- Monopsychism
- Monotheism
- Monotheistic
- Moral absolutism
- Moral particularism
- Moral universalism
- Mormonism
- Mortal sin
- Mortal wound
- Mortality rate
- Mourning
- Mummification
- Mummy
- Murder
- Mysticism
- Myth of Er
- Names of God
- Naraka
- Naraka (Buddhism)
- Naraka (Jainism)
- Nativity of Jesus
- Natural evil
- Natural-law argument
- Near-death studies
- Necrophilia
- Neo-Confucianism
- Neo-Kantianism
- Neo-Thomism
- Neoplatonism
- Neorxnawang
- Neotaoism
- Nestorianism
- Nevi'im
- New Age
- New Confucianism
- New Jerusalem
- Nicene Creed
- Niflheim
- Niflhel
- Nihilism
- Nominalism
- Nondualism
- Nontheism
- Norm (philosophy)
- Numen
- Oblivion (eternal)
- Occam's razor
- Olam Haba
- Olelbis
- Olivet discourse
- Omega Point
- Omnipotence paradox
- Ontological argument
- Ontology
- Open individualism
- Open theism
- Original sin
- Orthodoxy
- Orthopraxy
- Osiris
- Outline of theology
- Paganism
- Pain (philosophy)
- Pandeism
- Panentheism
- Panentheistic
- Pantheism
- Paradise
- Parapsychology
- Particular Judgment
- Particular judgment
- Pascal's Wager
- Patala
- Paul of Tarsus
- Paul Tillich
- Pavel Florensky
- Pearly gates
- Pelagianism
- Penny Sartori
- Perennial philosophy
- Perichoresis
- Perinatal mortality
- Peripatetic school
- Persian mythology
- Personal god
- Peter Geach
- Peter van Inwagen
- Philo's view of God
- Philosophy
- Philosophy of design
- Philosophy of film
- Philosophy of mind
- Philosophy of music
- Philosophy of sex
- Philosophy of war
- Phowa
- Physical plane
- Physics
- Pim van Lommel
- Pineal Gland
- Plane (esotericism)
- Platonism
- Pluto (mythology)
- Poetic Edda
- Polemic
- Polish philosophy
- Political philosophy
- Polydeism
- Polytheism
- Pope Benedict XVI
- Pope Gregory I
- Portal Death
- Portal Philosophy
- Post-structuralism
- Practical theology
- Pragmatism
- Prayer for the dead
- Predestination
- Problem of evil
- Problem of Hell
- Process philosophy
- Process theology
- Project Gutenberg
- Promession
- Prophets of Islam
- Prose Edda
- Psychical researcher
- Purgatory
- Putrefaction
- Pythagoreanism
- Qur'an
- Rapture
- Rashnu
- Rationalism
- Raymond Moody
- Reality
- Rebirth (Buddhism)
- Reincarnation
- Reinhold Niebuhr
- Relativism
- Religion
- Religion in Europe
- Religions in Asia
- Religious belief
- Religious humanism
- Religious language
- Religious naturalism
- Religious philosophy
- Renaissance humanism
- René Descartes
- René Guénon
- Republic of Heaven
- Resomation
- Rhadamanthus
- Richard Swinburne
- Right to die
- Righteous
- River Lethe
- Roman Egypt
- Romanian philosophy
- Rosicrucian
- Rudolf Otto
- Russell's teapot
- Russian philosophy
- Saadia Gaon
- Sacrifice
- Sadducees
- Saints
- Salvation
- Samsara
- Sarav viāpak
- Satan
- Scholasticism
- School of Names
- Scientific method
- Secular humanism
- Secularism
- Seminaries
- Sergei Bulgakov
- Shamanism
- Sheol
- Shinto
- Sidrat al-Muntaha
- Sikhs
- Silver cord
- Sin
- Solipsism
- Solipsistic
- Solomon
- Son of God
- Sophiology
- Sophism
- Soul
- Soul (spirit)
- Soul retrieval
- Space
- Spirit
- Spiritism
- Spirits
- Spiritual Hierarchy
- Spiritualism
- Spirituality
- Sraosha
- Stoicism
- Structuralism
- Styx
- Substance
- Sufi philosophy
- Suicide
- Sun
- Supernatural
- Supreme Being
- Supreme being
- Susan Blackmore
- Suspended animation
- Svarga
- Swansea
- Séance
- Søren Kierkegaard
- Takamagahara
- Tamoanchan
- Taoism
- Tartarus
- Taryenyawagon
- Tasbih
- Tawhid
- Template Death
- Template Heaven
- Template Hell
- Template talk Death
- Template talk Heaven
- Template talk Hell
- Template Theology
- Terminal illness
- Thanatology
- The All
- The New Earth
- The Summerland
- Theism
- Theists
- Theodicy
- Theological veto
- Theology
- Theopanism
- Theories of humor
- Theories of religion
- Theosophy
- Theotokos
- Thomas Aquinas
- Thomas Chubb
- Thomism
- Thomist
- Tian
- Tibetan Buddhism
- Time
- Tirthankara
- Tlalocan
- Trademark argument
- Transcendentalism
- Tribulation
- Trilemma
- Trinitarian formula
- Trinity
- Trust law
- Tír na nÓg
- Ultraviolet rays
- Undead
- Underworld
- Universalism
- Universalists
- Unmoved mover
- Upanishads
- Urmonotheismus
- Utilitarianism
- Utopianism
- Vaikunta
- Valhalla
- Venial sin
- Verificationism
- Vienna Circle
- Vigil
- Virgil
- Virtue
- Virtue Ethics
- Vizaresa
- Waheguru
- War
- Well of Souls
- Western philosophy
- Wicca
- Will (law)
- William Alston
- William Crookes
- William James
- William L. Rowe
- William Lane Craig
- William Whewell
- William Wollaston
- Witness argument
- Womb
- Women and Mormonism
- Women in Buddhism
- Women in Hinduism
- World (theology)
- World to come
- Yangism
- Yasna
- Yazata
- Yiddish
- Yomi
- Zen
- Zohar
- Zorastrianism
- Zoroastrianism
- Zurvanism
-
Armageddon
http://wn.com/Armageddon -
Minos
http://wn.com/Minos -
New Jerusalem
In religion, New Jerusalem, also known as The Tabernacle of God, Holy City, City of God, Celestial City and Heavenly Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation, as well as Jerusalem Above, Zion and shining city on a hill in other books of the bible, is a city that is or will be the dwelling place of the Saints, interpreted as a physical reconstruction, spiritual restoration, or divine recreation of the city of Jerusalem. It is also interpreted by many Christian groups as referring to the Church.
http://wn.com/New_Jerusalem -
River Lethe
River Lethe is located 18 km (12 mi) west of Mount Katmai, Alaska Peninsula, and is the middle branch of the Ukak River. It flows through the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes and meets the Ukak at .
http://wn.com/River_Lethe -
Swansea
Swansea ( , , "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales, United Kingdom. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
http://wn.com/Swansea
-
Abraham ibn Daud
http://wn.com/Abraham_ibn_Daud -
Aeneas
http://wn.com/Aeneas -
Alan F. Segal
Alan F. Segal (born 1945) is a professor of religion and Ingeborg Rennert Professor of Jewish Studies at Barnard College.
http://wn.com/Alan_F_Segal -
Alvin Plantinga
Alvin Carl Plantinga (born 1932) is an American analytic philosopher, formerly the John A. O'Brien Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. He is known for his work in philosophy of religion, epistemology, metaphysics, and Christian apologetics. Plantinga is a Christian and known for applying the methods of analytic philosophy to defend orthodox Christian beliefs. Notably, he has argued that some people can know that God exists as a basic belief, requiring no argument, similar to how people usually claim to know that other minds exist. He has also argued that there is no logical inconsistency between the existence of evil and the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, wholly good God.
http://wn.com/Alvin_Plantinga -
Anthony Kenny
Sir Anthony John Patrick Kenny FBA (born 16 March 1931 in Liverpool) is an English philosopher whose interests lie in the philosophy of mind, ancient and scholastic philosophy, the philosophy of Wittgenstein and the philosophy of religion. With Peter Geach, he has made a significant contribution to Analytical Thomism, a movement whose aim is to present the thought of St Thomas Aquinas in the style of modern philosophy by clearing away the trappings and obscurities of traditional Thomism. He is one of the executors of Wittgenstein's literary estate. He is a former President of the British Academy and current President of the Royal Institute of Philosophy.
http://wn.com/Anthony_Kenny -
Antony Flew
http://wn.com/Antony_Flew -
Asher ben Jehiel
http://wn.com/Asher_ben_Jehiel -
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (, , singular: ; also , Yehudei Ashkenaz, "the Jews of Ashkenaz"), are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Ashkenaz is the medieval Hebrew name for this region and thus for Germany. Thus, Ashkenazim or Ashkenazi Jews are literally "German Jews." Later, Jews from Western and Central Europe came to be called "Ashkenaz" because the main centers of Jewish learning were located in Germany. (See Usage of the name for the term's etymology.) Ashkenaz is also a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations ().
http://wn.com/Ashkenazi_Jews -
Augustine of Hippo
: For other uses, see Augustine, Augustinus and Saint Augustine.
http://wn.com/Augustine_of_Hippo -
Averroes
http://wn.com/Averroes -
Avicenna
http://wn.com/Avicenna -
Baal Shem Tov
http://wn.com/Baal_Shem_Tov -
Baron d'Holbach
http://wn.com/Baron_d'Holbach -
Baruch Spinoza
http://wn.com/Baruch_Spinoza -
Bertrand Russell
http://wn.com/Bertrand_Russell -
Blaise Pascal
http://wn.com/Blaise_Pascal -
Boethius
http://wn.com/Boethius -
Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism -
Charles Tart
Dr. Charles T. Tart (born 1937) is an American psychologist and parapsychologist known for his psychological work on the nature of consciousness (particularly altered states of consciousness), as one of the founders of the field of transpersonal psychology, and for his research in scientific parapsychology. He earned his Ph. D. in psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1963.
http://wn.com/Charles_Tart -
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero (; Classical Latin: ; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC; sometimes anglicized as "Tully"), was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.
http://wn.com/Cicero -
Dan Cohn-Sherbok
Dan Cohn-Sherbok is a rabbi of Reform Judaism, a Jewish theologian and a prolific author on religion. He is Professor Emeritus of Judaism at the University of Wales, Visiting Professor at St Mary's University College, London, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, and Honorary Professor at the University of Aberystwyth.
http://wn.com/Dan_Cohn-Sherbok -
David Hume
http://wn.com/David_Hume -
David Kimhi
http://wn.com/David_Kimhi -
Desiderius Erasmus
http://wn.com/Desiderius_Erasmus -
Domenico Beccafumi
http://wn.com/Domenico_Beccafumi -
Emanuel Swedenborg
(born Emanuel Swedberg; January 29, 1688 – March 29, 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic and theologian. Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741 at the age of fifty-three he entered into a spiritual phase [http://www.swedenborg.com/page.asp?page_name=aboutswedenborgexpanded] in which he eventually began to experience dreams and visions beginning on Easter weekend April 6, 1744. This culminated in a spiritual awakening, where he claimed he was appointed by the Lord to write a heavenly doctrine to reform Christianity. He claimed that the Lord had opened his eyes, so that from then on he could freely visit heaven and hell, and talk with angels, demons and other spirits. For the remaining 28 years of his life, he wrote and published 18 theological works, of which the best known was Heaven and Hell (1758), and several unpublished theological works.
http://wn.com/Emanuel_Swedenborg -
Emil Brunner
Heinrich Emil Brunner (December 23, 1889 – April 6, 1966) was a Swiss Protestant (Reformed) theologian. Along with Karl Barth (see Relationship with Karl Barth), he is commonly associated with neo-orthodoxy or the dialectical theology movement.
http://wn.com/Emil_Brunner -
Ernst Haeckel
http://wn.com/Ernst_Haeckel -
Ernst Troeltsch
http://wn.com/Ernst_Troeltsch -
Erwin Schrödinger
http://wn.com/Erwin_Schrödinger -
Francis Crick
http://wn.com/Francis_Crick -
Frank Tipler
http://wn.com/Frank_Tipler -
Freeman Dyson
Freeman John Dyson FRS (born December 15, 1923) is a British born- American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum field theory, solid-state physics, and nuclear engineering. Dyson is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Dyson has lived in Princeton, New Jersey, for over fifty years.
http://wn.com/Freeman_Dyson -
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; in English , ) (October 15, 1844 August 25, 1900) was a 19th-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and aphorism.
http://wn.com/Friedrich_Nietzsche -
Gardner Murphy
Gardner Murphy (1895-1979) was an American psychologist specialising in social and personality psychology, and parapsychology. His career highlights included serving as president of the American Psychological Association, and of the British Society for Psychical Research.
http://wn.com/Gardner_Murphy -
Gary Schwartz
Gary E. Schwartz, PhD, is a professor of psychology at the University of Arizona best known for controversial experiments with mediums.
http://wn.com/Gary_Schwartz -
Gregory of Nyssa
St. Gregory of Nyssa (; ; ; ) (c 335 – after 394) was a Christian bishop and saint. He was a younger brother of Basil the Great and a good friend of Gregory Nazianzus. His significance has long been recognized in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Roman Catholic branches of Christianity. Some historians identify Theosebia the deaconess as his wife, others hold that she, like Macrina the Younger, was actually a sister of Gregory and Basil.
http://wn.com/Gregory_of_Nyssa -
H. H. Price
http://wn.com/H_H_Price -
Happy hunting ground
The Happy Hunting Ground was the name given to the concept of the afterlife by several of the great plains Native American tribes, as well as the Iroquois, Cherokee and Algonquians. It is an afterlife conceived of as a paradise in which hunting is plentiful and game unlimited.
http://wn.com/Happy_hunting_ground -
Hasdai Crescas
http://wn.com/Hasdai_Crescas -
Hatshepsut
:For other Egyptian ladies called Maatkare see Maatkare
http://wn.com/Hatshepsut -
Henry Sidgwick
http://wn.com/Henry_Sidgwick -
Heraclitus
Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: — ; c. 535–c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called "The Obscure," and the "Weeping Philosopher."
http://wn.com/Heraclitus -
Hieronymus Bosch
Hieronymus Bosch (, ; born Jeroen Anthoniszoon van Aken ; c. 1450 – August 9, 1516) was an Early Netherlandish painter. His work is known for its use of fantastic imagery to illustrate moral and religious concepts and narratives.
http://wn.com/Hieronymus_Bosch -
Hippolytus of Rome
For places named after the saint, see Saint-Hippolyte
http://wn.com/Hippolytus_of_Rome -
Ian Stevenson
http://wn.com/Ian_Stevenson -
Immanuel Kant
http://wn.com/Immanuel_Kant -
J. L. Mackie
John Leslie Mackie (25 August 1917–12 December 1981) was an Australian philosopher, originally from Sydney. He made significant contributions to the philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language, and is perhaps best known for his views on meta-ethics, especially his defence of moral skepticism.
http://wn.com/J_L_Mackie -
Jean-Luc Marion
Jean-Luc Marion (born 3 July 1946) is among the best-known living philosophers in France, former student of Jacques Derrida and one of the leading Catholic thinkers of modern times. Marion's take on the postmodern is richly enhanced by his expertise in patristic and mystical theology, phenomenology, and modern philosophy. Although much of his academic work has dealt with Descartes and phenomenologists like Martin Heidegger and Edmund Husserl, it is rather his explicitly religious works that have garnered much recent attention. God Without Being, for example, is concerned predominantly with an analysis of idolatry, a theme strongly linked in Marion's work with love and the gift, which is a concept also explored at length by Derrida. To a certain extent, Marion also takes up the mantle of Emmanuel Levinas in directing our thought beyond being. There is a widespread but possibly dubious designation of Jean-Luc Marion as a leading contributor to postmodern theology.
http://wn.com/Jean-Luc_Marion -
Jesus
http://wn.com/Jesus -
John Hick
Professor John Harwood Hick (born Yorkshire, England, 1922) is a philosopher of religion and theologian. In philosophical theology, he has made contributions in the areas of theodicy, eschatology, and Christology, and in the philosophy of religion he has contributed to the areas of epistemology of religion and religious pluralism.
http://wn.com/John_Hick -
John Wesley
http://wn.com/John_Wesley -
Joseph B. Rhine
http://wn.com/Joseph_B_Rhine -
Karl Barth
Karl Barth ( – ) (pronounced "Bart") was a Swiss Reformed theologian whom critics hold to be among the most important Christian thinkers of the 20th century; Pope Pius XII described him as the most important theologian since Thomas Aquinas. Beginning with his experience as a pastor, he rejected his training in the predominant liberal theology typical of 19th-century European Protestantism. Instead he embarked on a new theological path initially called dialectical theology, due to its stress on the paradoxical nature of divine truth (e.g., God's relationship to humanity embodies both grace and judgment). Other critics have referred to Barth as the father of neo-orthodoxy — a term emphatically rejected by Barth himself. The most accurate description of his work might be "a theology of the Word." Barth's theological thought emphasized the sovereignty of God, particularly through his innovative doctrine of election.
http://wn.com/Karl_Barth -
Karl Marx
http://wn.com/Karl_Marx -
Karl Popper
http://wn.com/Karl_Popper -
Leon de Modena
http://wn.com/Leon_de_Modena -
Lev Shestov
Lev Isaakovich Shestov (), born Yehuda Leyb Schwarzmann (), was a Ukrainian/Russian existentialist philosopher. Born in Kiev (Russian Empire) on , he emigrated to France in 1921, fleeing from the aftermath of the October Revolution. He lived in Paris until his death on November 19, 1938.
http://wn.com/Lev_Shestov -
Loyal Rue
Dr. Loyal D. Rue is professor of religion and philosophy at Luther College of Decorah, Iowa , and focuses on naturalistic theories of religion.
http://wn.com/Loyal_Rue -
Maimonides
http://wn.com/Maimonides -
Martin Buber
http://wn.com/Martin_Buber -
Martin Luther
http://wn.com/Martin_Luther -
Max Heindel
Max Heindel - born Carl Louis von Grasshoff in Aarhus, Denmark on July 23, 1865 - was a Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic. He died on January 6, 1919 at Oceanside, California, United States.
http://wn.com/Max_Heindel -
Mazdak
http://wn.com/Mazdak -
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica or Meso-America () is a region and culture area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua, within which a number of pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
http://wn.com/Mesoamerica -
Michael Persinger
Michael A. Persinger (born June 26, 1945) is a cognitive neuroscience researcher and university professor. He has worked at Laurentian University, Canada since 1971.
http://wn.com/Michael_Persinger -
Mircea Eliade
http://wn.com/Mircea_Eliade -
Olelbis
Olelbis (meaning "he who is above") is the creator deity in Wintun mythology. The antagonist of Olelbis is Sedit.
http://wn.com/Olelbis -
Paul of Tarsus
http://wn.com/Paul_of_Tarsus -
Paul Tillich
http://wn.com/Paul_Tillich -
Pavel Florensky
http://wn.com/Pavel_Florensky -
Peter Geach
Peter Thomas Geach (; born March 29, 1916) is a British philosopher. His areas of interest are the history of philosophy, philosophical logic, and the theory of identity.
http://wn.com/Peter_Geach -
Peter van Inwagen
Peter van Inwagen (born September 21, 1942, United States) is an American analytic philosopher and the John Cardinal O'Hara Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. He previously taught at Syracuse University and earned his PhD from the University of Rochester under the direction of Richard Taylor and Keith Lehrer. Van Inwagen is one of the leading figures in contemporary metaphysics, philosophy of religion, and philosophy of action.
http://wn.com/Peter_van_Inwagen -
Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI (; ; ; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger on 16 April 1927) is the 265th and current Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State. He was elected on 19 April 2005 in a papal conclave, celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass on 24 April 2005, and took possession of his cathedral, the Basilica of St. John Lateran, on 7 May 2005. A native of Bavaria, Pope Benedict XVI has both German and Vatican citizenship. He succeeded John Paul II.
http://wn.com/Pope_Benedict_XVI -
Pope Gregory I
http://wn.com/Pope_Gregory_I -
Raymond Moody
Raymond Moody (born June 30, 1944) is a psychologist and medical doctor. He is most famous as an author of books about life after death and near-death experiences (NDE), a term that he coined in 1975. His best-selling title is Life After Life.
http://wn.com/Raymond_Moody -
Reinhold Niebuhr
Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (; June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was an American theologian and commentator on public affairs. Niebuhr was the archetypal American intellectual of the Cold War era. Starting as a leftist minister in the 1920s indebted to theological liberalism, he shifted to the new Neo-Orthodox theology in the 1930s, explaining how the sin of pride created evil in the world. He attacked utopianism as useless for dealing with reality, writing in The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness (1944):
http://wn.com/Reinhold_Niebuhr -
René Descartes
http://wn.com/René_Descartes -
René Guénon
http://wn.com/René_Guénon -
Richard Swinburne
Richard G. Swinburne (born 26 December 1934) is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. Over the last 50 years Swinburne has been a very influential proponent of natural theology, that is, philosophical arguments for the existence of God. His philosophical contributions are primarily in philosophy of religion and philosophy of science. He aroused much discussion with his early work in the philosophy of religion, a trilogy of books consisting of The Coherence of Theism, The Existence of God, and Faith and Reason.
http://wn.com/Richard_Swinburne -
Romanian philosophy
Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.
http://wn.com/Romanian_philosophy -
Russian philosophy
http://wn.com/Russian_philosophy -
Sergei Bulgakov
Fr. Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov () ( - July 12, 1944) was a Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher and economist.
http://wn.com/Sergei_Bulgakov -
Solomon
http://wn.com/Solomon -
Susan Blackmore
Susan Jane Blackmore, PhD, (born 29 July 1951) is an English freelance writer, lecturer, and broadcaster on psychology and the paranormal, perhaps best known for her book The Meme Machine.
http://wn.com/Susan_Blackmore -
Søren Kierkegaard
http://wn.com/Søren_Kierkegaard -
Taryenyawagon
http://wn.com/Taryenyawagon -
Virgil
http://wn.com/Virgil -
William Alston
http://wn.com/William_Alston -
William Crookes
http://wn.com/William_Crookes -
William James
:This article is about the American psychologist and philosopher. For other people named William James see William James (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/William_James -
William L. Rowe
William Leonard Rowe (born 26 July 1931) is a professor emeritus of philosophy at Purdue University who specialises in the philosophy of religion. His work has played a leading role in the "remarkable revival of analytic philosophy of religion since the 1970s". He is most notable for his formulation of the evidential argument from evil.
http://wn.com/William_L_Rowe -
William Lane Craig
William Lane Craig (born August 23, 1949) is an American Evangelical Christian apologist, theologian, and analytic philosopher known for his contributions to the philosophy of religion, historical Jesus studies, and the philosophy of time. He is one of the most visible contemporary proponents of natural theology, often participating in debates on the existence of God. In 1979, Craig authored The Kalam Cosmological Argument, a modern defense of the kalam cosmological argument—which is today the most published-on contemporary argument for theism in the philosophy of religion.
http://wn.com/William_Lane_Craig -
William Whewell
William Whewell (24 May 1794 – 6 March 1866) was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. His surname is .
http://wn.com/William_Whewell -
William Wollaston
http://wn.com/William_Wollaston
It's a Wonderful Afterlife (2010)
"It's a Wonderful Afterlife (2010)" Actors
- Zoë Wanamaker
- Goldy Notay
- Sendhil Ramamurthy
- Sally Hawkins
- Sanjeev Bhaskar
- Shaheen Khan
- Jimi Mistry
- Zoe Wanamaker
- Mark Addy
"It's a Wonderful Afterlife (2010)" Director
- Ultra
- Magnitude 9
- Sacrifice
- Today Is The Day
- The Church
- Mullmuzzler
- Nocturnal Rites
- Avenged Sevenfold
- Switchfoot
- Ikon
- Gamma Ray
- Bolt Thrower
- Rosey
- Bush
- Front Line Assembly
- Dream Theater
- Jungle Rot
karaoke
Time has come to give my life up to those hands Those hands that I've been praying to Step
inside your mind and in time you will find We live, we die, we fade into the afterlife
Welcome to the sand, sea, land I won't soon feel bad When will you work it out Why can't you
see for clouds Sail on times we had It's something that I've never been more scared of In my
whole life, whole life, whole life I'm just a man who is dying
Time has come to give my life up to those hands Those hands that I've been praying to Step
inside your mind and in time you will find We live, we die, we fade into the afterlife
Welcome to the end of all time It's like a light It's like a way I feel now It's something that
I've never been more scared of In my whole life, whole life, whole life I'm just a man who is
dying
Time has come to give my life up to those hands Those hands that I've been praying to Step
inside your mind and in time you will find We live, we die, we fade into the afterlife
The light goes down but it's much harder now To bring my face up from the ground To smile again
Time has come to give my life up to those hands Those hands that I've been praying to Step
inside your mind and in time you will find We live, we die, we fade into the afterlife
Beyond the sea of faces, admist the staring eyes
despite distance, time and places, is a fear we can`t disguise
Trying to remember, a childhood memory
The echo of the voices, I can hear you calling me
How was I to know so long ago
you would not be here, to pick me up when I`m down
and all before my life is gone I will try to understand
The ending I fear is my own
[chorus]
Will I see you again in the afterlife, in the heavens high above?
Will you remember me in the afterlife, will you show me where to go?
and I`ll never understand, until I se you again in the afterlife
Will I see you again in the afterlife, will you recall my name?
you were all that I know and I`m never letting go
you`re forever in my heart and in my soul
[chorus]
Can`t fight the sadness and regret,
I`ll never know how to show you I care
all of the words I meant to say
now I`l have to tell some other way
[solo]
[chorus]
Can`t fight the sadness and regret,
I`ll never know how to show you I care
all of the words I meant to say
now I`l have to tell some other way
Will I see you again, in the afterlife.....
(Rico, Urbinati, Pynn, Watts)
The wheel of life turns forever
A horizon begins to each that dies
Transmigration follows every soul
Must we all live an endless life
Afterlife's spell
Afterlife's spell
The end is birth
Earth is hell
Dream of the kingdom are shattered
You will never enter heaven
We all must live eternal life
Living in the torment of death
Afterlife's spell
The end is birth
Earth is hell
LEAD: Rob LEAD: Joe
The wheel of life turns forever
A horizon begins to each that dies
Transmigration follows every soul
Must we all live an endless life
Afterlife's spell
The end is birth
It's fake I'm sure Afterlife
Slowly sinking I reach for
you But you're not sure
the sky is blue
Your hand in mine
We'll walk the stars Unashamed of who
we are We'll rule this world
with my big cock
oh God I love you
I live to rock
What are you made of
What are you afraid of Pussy Get on
this hot fire Let me hear you scream
my good friend
Waaah! Waaah!
In the aftermath of an afterthought we come to terms
In a moment no hostile termination
Just reflection on the facts (on the facts)
(as I see them)
All that I, all that I have tried to do is be honest
with myself (yeah)
Now my agenda is shifting focus
Running against the tide of time
In an ocean of complexity and confusion
In the afterimage I've created for myself
In my afterlife - I've come of age
A generation late - my essence and my rage
A state of being here - my spirit soars
After time - after more
Laughter in the left field
Hanging on the ledge of what is real
I think it's gonna be all right
And I know you hear me
'Cause we're not that far apart
Now that I can see beyond myself
Last trip on a strange, strange ride
Every head a big world inside
Hey, it's my turn
Jawbreaker - jawbone
When the truth is finally shown
Now that I can see beyond myself
Now the truth is stranger than fiction
In my revolution of resistance
(now that I, now that I can see)
In a manic manipulation only contradictions follow
No exoneration in my afterimage I've created....
In my afterlife - I've come of age
A generation late - my essence and my rage
A state of being here - my spirit soars
After time - after more
In my afterlife - a soul of years
Beyond the frame of man
The boundaries and the years
In my afterlife the language grows
Feast on purpose - afterglow
I am the vengeance, a link between the worlds
Souring in legions, controller of all
I am the substance of the chaos
There's one dominion, an evil and divine
Spawn the inferno, oblivion calls
Don't look for sanctuary coming
The end is calling
Deceive and destroy
Afterlife - revelations unveil
A blackness remains, the end of the line
Ashes of man, eye of the one divine
The blackness ascends, powers untold
The Afterlife
The heart of chaos, will manifest again
The seed of the serpent, the dagger of doom
So even death can die in deadland
The phantom's aeon
Dream is denied
Afterlife - revelations revive
Like walking into a dream
So unlike what you've seen
So unsure but it seems
'Cause we?ve been waiting for you
Fallen into this place
Just giving you a small taste
Of your afterlife here so stay
You'll be back here soon anyway
I see a distant light
But girl, this can't be right
Such a surreal place to see
So how did this come to be, arrived too early?
And when I think of all the places
I just don't belong
I've come to grips with life
And realize this is going too far
I don't belong here, we gotta move on, dear
Escape from this afterlife
?Cause this time I'm right to move on and on
Far away from here
A place of hope and no pain
Perfect skies with no rain
Can leave this place but refrain
'Cause we've been waiting for you
Fallen into this place
Just giving you a small taste
Of your afterlife here so stay
You'll be back here soon anyway
This peace on earth's not right
(With my back against the wall)
No pain or sign of time
(I?m much too young to fall)
So out of place don't wanna stay
I feel wrong and that's my sign
I've made up my mind
Give me your hand
But realize I just wanna say goodbye
Please understand I have to leave
And carry on my own life
I don't belong here, I gotta move on, dear
Escape from this afterlife
?Cause this time I'm right to move on and on
Far away from here
Got nothing against you
And surely I'll miss you
This place full of peace and light
And I?d hope you might
Take me back inside when the time is right
Loved ones back home all crying
'Cause they're already missing me
I pray by the grace of God
That there's somebody listening
Give me a chance to be that person I wanna be
(I am unbroken, I?m choking on this ecstasy)
Oh Lord, I'll try so hard but You gotta let go of me
(Unbreak me, unchain me, I need another chance to live)
I don't belong here, I gotta move on, dear
Escape from this afterlife
?Cause this time I'm right to move on and on
Far away from here
Got nothing against you
And surely I'll miss you
This place full of peace and light
And I?d hope you might
Take me back inside when the time is right
I tasted fire, I'm ready to come alive.
I can't just shut it up, and fake that I'm alright.
I'm ready now, I'm not waiting for the afterlife.
I'll let it burn the way the sunlight burns my skin.
The way I feel inside, the way the day begins.
I'm ready now, I'm not waiting for the other side
I'm ready now, I'm ready now
Cuz everyday, the world is made a chance to change,
but I feel the same and I wonder why
would I wait till I die to come alive
I'm ready now, I'm not waiting for the afterlife.
Yeah
I still believe we could live forever
You and I we begin forever now
Forever now, Forever
I still believe in us together
You and I we're here together now, Forever now
Forever now, or never now
Cuz every day, the world is made a chance to change,
but I feel the same and I wonder why
would I wait till I die to come alive
I'm ready now, I'm not waiting for the afterlife.
Everyday a choice is made
Everyday I choose my fate and I wonder why
would I wait till I die to come alive
to come alive
Everyday, everyday, everyday I still feel the same
and I wonder why would I wait till I die to come alive
I'm ready now, I'm not waiting for the afterlife
I'm ready now, I'm ready now, I'm ready now, I'm ready
I'm ready now, I'm not waiting for the afterlife
Yeah
Yeah
I'll live forever
And see beyond the stars
And I'll love forever
Then fall into your arms
I'll cry forever
And flood the world apart
I'll hate forever
And burn your wooden heart
An omen waits for all
Some things will always be
And stand the test of time
Will you spare my soul
Or will you set me free
No man will ever know
Forever I must roam
I'll reap forever
A tale so lost in doubt
And you'll sleep forever
There will be no way out
If you cry forever
Why drown in your own sorrow
Why care forever
When there is no tomorrow
An omen waits for all
Some things will always be
And stand the test of time
Will you spare my soul
Or will you set it free
No man will ever know
Forever I must roam
To the darkest star I wake
In the evening moon I take
When I see you there
I fall beyond despair
An I'll live forever (4)
Music: Rubach / Lyrics: Hansen
Do you believe in the afterworld
Or the afterlife?
Do you agree there's a place for us
Beyond our life
Where the timless call for life
Is lost and you will see
The forgotten dreams
That you once had become reality
They will be set free - another day
You cannot leave if you do not want to stay
In the afterlife - in the afterlife
Life's a dream that you will forget
In the endless space
And the scars you got on planet Earth
Will be erased
You were blind until your eyes
Have stopped to see
And your powers unfold by the moment
You hit eternity
You will be set free
But you'll never return
That's the price you have to pay
In the afterlife - in the afterlife
Solo: Kai
Now you're gone without a word
You didn't say goodbye
I miss you here where are you now
An angel in the sky?
Your visit here has been so short
You left to be set free
But I believe we'll meet again
And together we will stay
In the afterlife - in the afterlife
In the afterlife - in the afterlife
(Dedicated to Ingo Schwichtenberg)
Afterlife
As you feel your soul depart from this world
Prepare for a journey to regions of the unknown
Your life has now ended
You fear the conclusion
Cast into the dark realms
Destined to the afterlife
As terror grips your soul
Direction is uncertain
Fear clouds your mind
Ignorance your burden
Afterlife
Within the dominion of the lifeless, you plead to die in peace
Now despair for total forgiveness, imprisoned in this land
All is silent
Held within
Existing forever
New life begins
Eternal desolation
Your soul to give
Enslaved for all existence - Perpetual endless torment
Reality is now dormant - Within the afterlife
Afterlife
somewhere over the rainbow, that's where I'm gonna go...
what I've seen, you may find hard to believe
it left me feeling like, no one ever made me
now I want something, unsurpassed in its pleasures
cause even the truest love, still can't last forever
I want something I've never seen through these eyes
I want to feel like I've never felt in this life
in this body of mine...
when you hurt me, is it because you hurt yourself
when you look at me, why not try to see yourself
I want something that won't force my ears to listen
cause even the truest love, is still gonna have
something missing
I want something I've never seen through these eyes
I want to feel like I've never felt in this life
in this body of mine...
I'm uncomfortable in regular clothes
I want something I can depend on
and watch it grow, I'll watch it grow
enlighten me, I never want to be here again
set me free, I never want to feel fear again
please pardon me, I never meant to hurt anyone
and let me be, stronger for everyone
I want something I've never seen through these eyes
I want to feel like I've never felt in this life
in this body of mine...
I want something that doesn't come easy
I want it so bad, I know someday I'll be that
I want it but I'll never ever feel it not in this body of mine
this body of mine...
She got the antidote she knows the other way
She really understands I don’t what the hell to say
I'm on the other side I'm on the other side
I'm in exile to left of a landslide
I got no broken wing
I got the moonshine
I let my enemies slide for the meantime
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
Let it go let it go
And I give myself away
When there’s nothing left to say
I surrender myself to the wind
Into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
with you and me
into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
with you and me
The worries on your face
The stars came out to play
I try to tell myself
I won’t mess up again
I try to fix it good
I try to patch it up
I got a manual that tells us how we have to love
Forgot your neighbor forgot your love
Forgot the strength cause you can never get enough
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
Let it go let it go
And I give myself away
When there’s nothing left to say
I surrender myself to the wind
Love is sinking fast within
Into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
With you and me
Into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
with you and me
You and me
Come inside, come over here
I remember you through all the years
Don’t try to run us down
When the world is at your feet
Don't let the baby bite
(Bite bite)
She got the antidote
She knows the other way
She really under understands
I don’t what the hell to say
I'm on the other side
I'm on the other side
I'm in exile to left of a landslide
And I give myself away
When there’s nothing left to say
I surrender myself to the wind
Love is sinking fast within
Into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
With you and me
Into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
with you and me
Into the afterlife (Into the afterlife)
With you and me anekatips
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
With you and me
Into the afterlife
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
Why don’t you let it go
No color on this face of death,
no shadow Falls on his last breath
What are we Fighting for?
No more devotion in his eyes,
no longing moments, no more goodbyes
What are we Fighting for?
Too many lives in one place,
too many souls lay here to waste
What are we Fighting for?
Send a signal From above,
is there life is there love
What do you see?
Is there hope,
is there air no more despare,
when will we be Free?
The man i lived for all this life,
now dies in Front of my own eyes
What are we Fighting for?
the memories of a crippled Fool,
no legacy but life's so cruel
What are we Fighting for?
Too many lives in one place,
too many souls lay here to waste
What are we Fighting for?
Send a signal From above,
is there life is there love
What do you see?
Is there hope,
is there air no more despare,
when will we be Free?
Once i had this Final plan,
now i don't know where to stand,
what will be, will be,
draw to this final line,
as blood runs through my wind
So much more to see.
The memories all Fade away,
I touched with one
who made me run
away from my own soul...
In this world with its
many illusions
We are moving like mice through a
maze
And now I find
what's left behind
has served to make me whole
full of doubt, deception, and delusion
seeking purpose to all earthly days
I search within
beneath a skin
that bears both pleasure and pain
In a world full of constant confusion
I will not be a par to the craze
In the Afterlife
will dark be bright?
will cold be warm?
will the day have no night?
In the Afterlife?
will the blind have sight?
In the Afterlife
Behind closed eyes
some comfort lies
In knowing the truth never spoken
Through this world with us
hidden conclusion
we'll keep moving like mice through
a maze
In the Afterlife
will dark be bright?
will cold be warm?
will the day have no night?
In the Afterlife?
will the blind have sight?
In the Afterlife
In the Afterlife
will dark be bright?
will cold be warm?
will the day have no night?
In the Afterlife?
will the blind have sight?
Suffer through your death
Because of the life you lead
Pain will be intense
You will never rest
Seas of fire and blood
See the millions dead below
Life torn from the flesh
Carcass just remains
Now the time has come
Ripping of your flesh
Sever bone from skin and meat
Tear your heart from your chest
Make you watch it beat
Screaming out in pain
They ignore all of your pleas
See the blood and guts
Can't ignore the turth
Demon souls arise
From the depths of hell below
Take part in the feast
Gorging on the pain
Now the time has come
Walking through the seas of fire
No more can you lie
Throne of hell before you now
Body starts to fry
Figure shows eternal death
Torment night and day
Demons come to torture you
Try to crawl away
The pain is intense
Can't stand putrid stench
Those who you have done wrong
Now have their revenge
You scream out in anguish
Quick death is your last wish
Rotting seas of fire and blood
See the millions dead below
Life torn from the flesh
Carcass just remains
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- This Earth
- A Feeling
- Far Away
- Half Time
- Black Iris
- Let It Go
- L’attitude
- Fantasy
- Elijah
- Sunfish
- National Dobro
- Midnight
- Parkour
- Lay Your Love
- Waterfront Dub
- Midnight
- Cry
- Never Before
- Take Me Inside (feat. Dannii Minogue)
- Speck of Gold (feat. Cathy Battistessa)
- Miracle (feat. Neve)
- Shine (feat. Cathy Battistessa)
- Sunrise (DJ Thunda & The K20 Allstars mix)
- Deeper (Into Places)
- Breather 2000 (Arithunda mix)
- Makes Me Feel
- Falling
- Dub in Ya Mind (Beach club mix)
- Let It Go (feat. Battistessa)
- Lovedub
- Breakfast at Benirras (feat. Kid Stone)
- Souk Rok (feat. Kid Stone)
- Return to Margin (Afterlife remix)
- The Alkemyst (feat. Dos Hombres)
- Jello (feat. Lux)
- Bacalao (feat. No Logo)
- Home (feat. Chris Coco)
- China Flowers
- S'Estanol (feat. Dos Hombres)
- Sleazebag (feat. Kid Stone)
- Let It Go (feat. Battistessa) (RKW mix)
- Speck of Gold (feat. Cathy Battistessa)
- Clear Blue Sky (feat. Calladine)
- Shine (feat. Cathy Battistessa)
- Like Prana
- How Does It Feel
- On the Inside
- Still (feat. Melanie Williams)
- Smooch
- Rood Beatz (feat. Holly Chand)
- Ozo
- Miracle (feat. Neve)
- Sunrise (feat. Rachel Lloyd) (DJ Thunda and K20 Allstar mix)
- Dub in Ya Mind (Blue Water mix)
- Never Before
- Show You Something
- Cry (Brown Bear mix)
- 5ᵗʰ & Avenida
- Deeper (Into Places)
- Borneo Is Burning
- Glide
- Breather (original version)
- La Niña
- Blue Bar
- Cry (original version)
- Dub in Ya Mind (Blue Water mix)
- Never Before
- Show You Something
- Cry (Brown Bear mix)
- 5th & Avenida
- Deeper (Into Places)
- Borneo Is Burning
- Glide
- Breather
- La Niña
- Blue Bar
- Cry (original version)
- Surreality
- Eve of Eclipse
- Devine Enlightenment
- Dreading the Marrow
- Embrace
- Shell of a Being
- Dead Lights Glare
- Roodbeets
- How Does It Feel
- Like Prahna
- Ghetto
- Still
- Clear Blue Sky
- Take Me Inside
- Shine
- Sunrise
- Sunrise (K-20 Allstar mix)
- Unrise (Roger Sanchez mix)
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Afterlife-Avenged Sevenfold [Lyrics]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Published: 02 Sep 2008
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Afterlife by Avenged Sevenfold taken from the Self-titled Album I do NOT own this music! DO NOT POST CHAIN COMMENTS! Thanks for the 8000000 views guys! ♥ When I first made it about 4 years ago, didn't think it would get all those views! Thanks very much! :) Rest In Peace Jimmy! This is for you!
http://wn.com/Afterlife-Avenged_Sevenfold_Lyrics_
Avenged Sevenfold - Afterlife (Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 12 Mar 2008
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
© 2008 WMG Afterlife (Video)
http://wn.com/Avenged_Sevenfold_Afterlife_Video
'After.Life' Trailer HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Published: 03 Mar 2010
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
For more info on 'After.Life' visit: www.hollywood.com
http://wn.com/'AfterLife'_Trailer_HD
Afterlife - Avenged Sevenfold
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Published: 02 Jul 2009
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
DISCLAIMER: I DO NOT OWN ANY PART OF THIS VIDEO. I DO NOT OWN THE ART OR THE MUSIC AND I DO NOT CLAIM IT AS MY OWN. SO DONT TAKE OFF THIS SONG FOR COPYRIGHT YOUTUBE.
http://wn.com/Afterlife_Avenged_Sevenfold
NEMESEA - Afterlife | Napalm Records
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Published: 04 Nov 2011
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
ORDER THE NEW ALBUM plus BONUS TRACK here: tinyurl.com "The Quiet Resistance" is the third album by the Dutch formation and offers a more mature, modern, and contemporary approach than that found on Nemesea's two previous efforts. Although the band continues to stay true to its characteristic style, they do not shy away from including new elements and details to refresh their sound. The guitars and Manda Ophuis' outstanding vocals continue to be the driving force behind Nemesea. Manda perfectly understands which web of emotion to weave for each particular track and how to make use of her fantastic vocal lines to breathe life into the lyrics. With extremely appealing songs like "Afterlife", "Caught in the Middle", or the beautiful ballad "If You Could", the alternative rock quintet have several surefire hits from the get-go. Nemesea's "The Quiet Resistance" offers intense and soulful alternative rock complete with a subtle breath of gothic and loudly demands the attention the band undoubtedly deserves.
http://wn.com/NEMESEA_Afterlife_|_Napalm_Records
After.Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 102:50
- Published: 25 Jul 2012
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
After a horrific car accident, Anna (Christina Ricci of BLACKSNAKE MOAN) wakes up to find the local funeral director Eliot Deacon (Liam Neeson of TAKEN) preparing her body for her funeral. Confused, terrified, and feeling still very much alive, Anna doesn't believe she's dead, despite the funeral director's reassurances that she is merely in transition to the afterlife. Eliot convinces her he has the ability to communicate with the dead and is the only one who can help her. Trapped inside the funeral home, with nobody to turn to except Eliot, Anna is forced to face her deepest fears and accept her own death. But Anna's grief-stricken boyfriend Paul (Justin Long of DRAG ME TO HELL) still can't shake the nagging suspicion that Eliot isn't what he appears to be. As the funeral nears, Paul gets closer to unlocking the disturbing truth, but it could be too late: Anna may have already begun to cross over to the other side.
http://wn.com/AfterLife
Avenged Sevenfold - Afterlife [Live]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Published: 10 Jun 2008
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
© 2010 WMG "Afterlife" by Avenged Sevenfold. Performance of "Afterlife" from their CD/DVD "Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough". Directed by Rafa Alcantra. Download on iTunes: bit.ly Links: Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Website: avengedsevenfold.com
http://wn.com/Avenged_Sevenfold_Afterlife_Live_
Afterlife
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Published: 24 Jun 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Can you have a meaningful life without an afterlife? I asked several friends to join me in exploring the merits of human existence and the concepts of posthumous reward and punishment. It is my hope that this video will answer religious claims that a secular life is meaningless and void and remind us all to cherish our precious and temporary tenure on planet earth. My deepest thanks to AronRa, DarkMatter2525, DPRJones, Evid3nce, HealthyAddict, Laci Green, Thunderf00t and ZOMGitsCriss for their contributions to this project. I also encourage you to subscribe to their channels and support their work, and I've provided links here (in alphabetical order). All my best. -Seth Andrews AronRa www.youtube.com DarkMatter2525 www.youtube.com DPRJones www.youtube.com Evid3nc3 www.youtube.com Healthy Addict www.youtube.com Laci Green www.youtube.com Matt Dillahunty www.atheist-experience.com Seth Andrews www.youtube.com Thunderf00t www.youtube.com ZOMGitsCriss www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Afterlife
'Resident Evil: Afterlife' Trailer HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Published: 07 Apr 2010
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
For more info on 'Resident Evil: Afterlife' visit: www.hollywood.com
http://wn.com/'Resident_Evil_Afterlife'_Trailer_HD
Paul Simon - The Afterlife
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Published: 05 Jul 2011
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Music video by Paul Simon performing The Afterlife. (C) 2011 Paul Simon. Under exclusive license to StarCon LLC d/b/a Hear Music TM
http://wn.com/Paul_Simon_The_Afterlife
Switchfoot - Afterlife (Lyric Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Published: 28 Feb 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Artist: Switchfoot Song: Afterlife Purchase on iTunes: itunes.apple.com I've tasted fire I'm ready to come alive I can't just shut it up and fake that I'm alright I'm ready now I'm not waiting for the afterlife I'll let it burn the way the sunlight burns my skin The way I feel inside, the way the day begins I'm ready now I'm not waiting for the afterlife I'm ready now, I'm ready now Everyday The world is made A chance to change But I feel the same And I wonder why would I wait till I die to come alive? I'm ready now I'm not waiting for the afterlife I still believe we could live forever You and I we we begin forever now Forever now Forever I still believe in us together You and I we're here together now Forever now, forever now Or never now Everyday The world is made A chance to change But I feel the same And I wonder why do I wait till I die to come alive? I'm ready now I'm not waiting for the afterlife Everyday A choice is made Everyday I choose my fate And I wonder why would I wait til I Die to come alive? to come alive Everyday Everyday Everyday I still feel the same And I wonder why would I wait til I die to come alive? I'm ready now I'm not waiting for the afterlife I'm ready now I'm ready I'm ready now I'm not waiting for the afterlife
http://wn.com/Switchfoot_Afterlife_Lyric_Video
Cobus - Avenged Sevenfold - Afterlife (Drum Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Published: 24 Nov 2008
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
NEW: Get my free drumming tips and tricks - Cobus.com _____ Laus Deo Semper http www.facebook.com This is a drum cover of Avenged Sevenfold's song, AFterlife. I had only been playing doublebass for a few months at the time of this recordig, so please be lenient with he comments about that ;) For the record, ALL double strokes were played with one pedal, ie the ones at the end of the gutiar solo, as you can very clearly see by how crazily tired I was after that piece :) I would hve LOVED to show you the FootCam of this, but I forgot to rewind the tape for the whole third set, so with a few songs I unfortunately couln't use the FootCam shots. I have to emphasize, I know calling this a "cover" is wrong, seeing as I only PARTLY stayed true to the song's drums (or lack thereof), through the WHOLE song I play some variations of the beats, phrasing and fills, since 99% of what I play is improvised. Even though I have done my fair share of session and studio drumming, that has little to zero effect on these video's, I kind of see them as live performances. I'm NOT aiming to be accurate to the original drums, I'm just aiming to enjoy myself. And I thoroughly succeeded in doing that, might I add :) Avenged Sevenfold - Afterlife from the 2008 self-titled release is the copyrighted property of it's owner(s). (External) Drums by Cobus Potgieter. For any and all info you might need (equipment, sponsorships, recording process, updates) please visit www.cobuspotgieter.com and have a look <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Cobus_Avenged_Sevenfold_Afterlife_Drum_Cover
The Afterlife Investigations - Movie Feature - The Scole Experiments.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 88:33
- Published: 16 Aug 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
From UFOTV®, accept no imitations. Breakthrough scientific evidence for the afterlife. The Scole Experiments. For five years a group of mediums and scientists witnessed more phenomena than in any other experiment in the history of the paranormal, including recorded conversations with the dead, written messages on sealed film, video of spirit faces and even spirit forms materializing. These experiments may finally convince you there is life after death. The scientific team in change of overseeing these experiments include world renowned Cambridge Scientist - Dr. Rupert Sheldrake, Dr. David Fontana and Researcher Montague Keen who died during the filming of the documentary. NOW on DVD - The Afterlife Investigations 2-DVD Special Edition, Cat#U81107 - Go to www.UFOTV.com
http://wn.com/The_Afterlife_Investigations_Movie_Feature_The_Scole_Experiments
Avenged Sevenfold Afterlife (Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 18 May 2010
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Afterlife Music Video. I do not own the rights to this video, rights owned by Warner Music Group. Afterlife Music video produced by Avenged Sevenfold. "I have followed the copyright law correctly, its non-profit and the songs are credited." or "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."
http://wn.com/Avenged_Sevenfold_Afterlife_Music_Video
The After Life (full film)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 102:53
- Published: 16 Apr 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
A young woman caught between life and death... and a funeral director who appears to have the gift of transitioning the dead, but might just be intent on burying her alive.
http://wn.com/The_After_Life_full_film
![Switchfoot - Afterlife [NEW Album 2011]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120923161057im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/rNPId2u3sW8/0.jpg "Switchfoot - Afterlife [NEW Album 2011]")
Switchfoot - Afterlife [NEW Album 2011]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Published: 18 Sep 2011
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
On September 27th, Credential Recordings/lowercase people and Atlantic Records will release Vice Verses, the eighth studio record from multi-platinum rock band Switchfoot. Working with producer Neal Avron (Weezer, Linkin Park), the band recorded most of the album in their San Diego, CA home studio. Mike Elizondo (Eminem, Regina Spektor) who pro duced Switchfoot's GRAMMY-winning album, Hello Hurricane, served as executive producer. Released in 2009, Hello Hurricane entered The Billboard 200 at No. 13 and contained the Modern Rock hits "The Sound (John M. Perkins' Blues)" and "Mess of Me." "Vice Verses is a record of tension and release. It's an attempt to describe the polarity of the human experience. The sunlight and shadow. The highs and lows, laughter and pain, hope and fear, doubts and belief," says lead singer/guitarist Jon Foreman. In the title track, he writes, "...'Every blessing comes with a set of curses. I got my vices. I got my vice verses.' So we live in the tension -- pulled and stretched thin. Vice Verses is soul music --attempting to get to the heart of the human experience: Living in the tension and turning it into song..." Vice Verses is the work of a band that is so restless, they devote an entire song ("Restless") to the condition. It's that very uneasiness -- an unwillingness to choose the treadmill over the triathlon -- that fuels the band's forays into new musical territory and Jon Foreman's unflinchingly honest lyrics. You can hear the tension build <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Switchfoot_Afterlife_NEW_Album_2011_
The Afterlife Investigations 1 - Rupert Sheldrake, PhD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:08
- Published: 30 Apr 2011
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
From UFOTV®, accept no imitations. This complete, unedited interview was filmed for the upcoming documentary "The Afterlife Investigations" and features Cambridge Scientist - Rupert Sheldrake, PhD. THE AFTERLIFE INVESTIGATIONS - Coming soon from UFOTV. Visit us online at www.UFOTV.com.
http://wn.com/The_Afterlife_Investigations_1_Rupert_Sheldrake,_PhD
The Afterlife Dysfunction
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:39
- Published: 31 Jul 2012
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Theoretical physicist Frederik Van Der Veken about The Afterlife Dysfunction: www.youtube.com music by Raxxroth: www.YouTube.com / www.SoundCloud.com (much thanks to him for his amazing music) (video also features 'A Brand New Model' at 5:40 from Proud Music) Download it in 1080p: netkups.com Scientific background on The Afterlife Dysfunction, such as similar theories and thought experiments proposed in popular interpretations of quantum mechanics: Quantum suicide and immortality: en.wikipedia.org Biocentrism (cosmology): en.wikipedia.org Anthropic principle: en.wikipedia.org Capgras Syndrome: en.wikipedia.org Split-brain: en.wikipedia.org The Many Worlds Interpretation: en.wikipedia.org The Copenhagen Interpretation: en.wikipedia.org Time Dilation: en.wikipedia.org The Blue Brain Project: en.wikipedia.org Quantum Tunneling: en.wikipedia.org CP Violation: en.wikipedia.org The Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Experiment: en.wikipedia.org for media inquiries only: Reese Leysen reese@movielol.org +32 (0) 496 46 97 18
http://wn.com/The_Afterlife_Dysfunction
After Life: The Science Of Decay (BBC Documentary)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 88:59
- Published: 03 Apr 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Please Subscribe To The Evolution Documentary YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com BBC Documentary List: www.youtube.com Broadcast (2011) If you have ever wondered what would happen in your own home if you were taken away and everything inside was left to rot, the answer is revealed in this programme which explores the strange and surprising science of decay. For two months, a glass box containing a typical kitchen and garden was left to rot in full public view within Edinburgh Zoo. In this resulting documentary, Dr George McGavin and his team use time-lapse cameras and specialist photography to capture the extraordinary way in which moulds, microbes and insects are able to break down our everyday things and allow new life to emerge from old. Decay is something that many of us are repulsed by, but as the programme shows, it's a process that's vital in nature. And seen in close up, it has an unexpected and sometimes mesmerising beauty.
http://wn.com/After_Life_The_Science_Of_Decay_BBC_Documentary
Cafe del Mar: Afterlife - Breather (Arifhunda Mix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Published: 31 Jan 2008
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Cafe del Mar: Afterlife - Breather (Arifhunda Mix)
http://wn.com/Cafe_del_Mar_Afterlife_Breather_Arifhunda_Mix
The Afterlife Investigations: The Scole Experiment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 86:57
- Published: 17 Apr 2012
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
For five years a group of mediums and scientists witnessed more phenomena than in any other experiment in the history of the paranormal, including: recorded conversations with the dead, written messages on sealed film, video of spirit faces and even spirit forms materializing.
http://wn.com/The_Afterlife_Investigations_The_Scole_Experiment
Life Afterlife Part 1 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:43
- Published: 11 Sep 2008
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
LIFE AFTERLIFE takes an intriguing look at the eternal question: Is there life after death? And if so, can we communicate with the dead? Through personal stories from everyday people who claim they've made contact with deceased friends and relatives, to self-proclaimed mediums, to philosophers and scientists who've dedicated their lives to these issues, this film examines the fact and fantasy of the last great frontier. The documentary was produced and directed by Lisa F. Jackson. Executive producers are Linda Ellerbee and Rolfe Tessem.
http://wn.com/Life_Afterlife_Part_1_of_9
Afterlife (Album Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Published: 22 Mar 2009
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Avenged Sevenfold, Avenged Sevenfold, Afterlife
http://wn.com/Afterlife_Album_Version
Creative Commons / Berig
Creative Commons / Guillaume Paumier
Creative Commons / Ronald Woan
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Guillaume Paumier
Creative Commons
WN / azza
WN / azza
WN / Hana Kotulanova
WN / Hana Kotulanova
Photo: AP / Marcio Jose Sanchez
21 Sep 2012
LOS ANGELES -- Space shuttle Endeavour took off Friday morning on a sightseeing tour of California, the last aerial hurrah before retiring to a Los Angeles museum. Hitching a ride on top of a jumbo...
Photo: AP / B.K. Bangash
21 Sep 2012
Pakistan's government, wary of widespread frustration over its failure to provide basic services, declared Friday a day of protest over the film in an apparent bid to exploit anger which has inspired...
Photo: AP / Shakh Aivazov
21 Sep 2012
Thousands have rallied in Georgia to demand the prosecution of high-level officials fired in a prison-abuse scandal that threatens to unseat the governing pro-Western party in next month's...
Photo: AP / Hadi Mizban
22 Sep 2012
The US is set to remove dissident Iranian group Mujahideen-e Khalq from its terror blacklist, officials say. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has sent a classified opinion to Congress and a decision...
Review: Resident Evil: Afterlife
15 Sep 2012
The Examiner
Related topics resident evil Rating for Resident Evil Afterlife 3 Advertisement Resident Evil: Afterlife is the fourth movie in the live action Resident Evil series. It takes place sometime after Resident Evil Extinction. Like the plot twist in Resident Evil Apocalypse, the hundreds of Alice clones...(size: 7.9Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
Kent Hopkins discusses the infinite truth found after physical death in ‘Memoirs of a Dead Guy’ DOS PALOS, Calif. (PRWEB) September 15, 2012 Kent Hopkins invites readers on a journey filled with retrospection and introspection in his thought-provoking new book, “Memoirs of a Dead Guy” (published by...(size: 2.6Kb)
Pinball's digital afterlife
11 Sep 2012
Canberra Times
After years of making successful digital pinball games, Zen Studios has been given the Plants vs Zombies licence to play with. Browsing the arcade machines on display at the Game Masters exhibit at ACMI, which runs until the end of October, I was surprised to see a very strange game on display. It...(size: 3.4Kb)
Newsfactor
When Tupac Shakur rose from the stage in the California desert earlier this year, it was not only a jaw-dropping resurrection, but also the beginning of a new form of live entertainment. "Come with me," the Shakur called out, not just to tens of thousands of screaming fans but seemingly to other...(size: 2.6Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics religious beliefsreligious newsTheoretical PhysicsChristian Perspectivesscientific theory Advertisement The prestigious John Templeton Foundation granted UC Riverside recently a 5 million dollar endowment to fund an Immortality Project that will look into the scientific possibility of...(size: 10.5Kb)
The Hollywood Reporter
share Larry Busacca/Getty Images Mr. Snuffleupagus, Camilla the Chicken and Floyd were among his other creations. Jerry Nelson, the skilled puppeteer who played Sesame Street's math-addicted vampire Count von Count, has died, The Jim Henson Company confirms. He was 78.our editor recommends...(size: 3.7Kb)
Indian Express
A Thai Buddhist temple has claimed that it knows the whereabouts of late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in the afterlife. Wat Phra Dhammakaya, which made the...(size: 1.1Kb)
New York Daily News
A Buddhist temple in Thailand says it has pinpointed Steve Jobs’ whereabouts in the afterlife, and the late Apple co-founder is a mid-level...(size: 0.9Kb)
For other uses, see Afterlife (disambiguation).
"After death", "Life after death", and "Hereafter" redirect here. For other uses, see After death (disambiguation), Life after death (disambiguation), and Hereafter (disambiguation).
The afterlife (also referred to as life after death, the Hereafter, the Next World, or the Other Side) is the belief that a part of, or essence of, or soul of an individual, which carries with it and confers personal identity, survives the death of the body of this world and this lifetime, by natural or supernatural means, in contrast to the belief in eternal oblivion after death. In some popular views, this continued existence often takes place in a spiritual realm, and in other popular views, the individual may be reborn into this world and begin the life cycle over again, likely with no memory of what they have done in the past. In this latter view, such rebirths and deaths may take place over and over again continuously until the individual gains entry to a spiritual realm. Major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics.
Some belief systems, such as those in the Abrahamic tradition, hold that the dead go to a specific plane of existence after death, as determined by a god, gods, or other divine judgment, based on their actions or beliefs during life. In contrast, in systems of reincarnation, such as those in the Dharmic tradition, the nature of the continued existence is determined directly by the actions of the individual in the ended life, rather than through the decision of another being.
The afterlife in different metaphysical models[link]
See also: list of philosophical questions
In metaphysical models, theists generally believe some sort of afterlife awaits people when they die. Members of some generally non-theistic religions such as Buddhism, tend to believe in an afterlife, but without reference to a God. The Sadducees were an ancient Jewish sect that generally believed that there was a God but no afterlife.
Many religions, whether they believe in the soul's existence in another world like Christianity, Islam and many pagan belief systems, or in reincarnation like many forms of Hinduism and Buddhism, believe that one's status in the afterlife is a reward or punishment for their conduct during life.
Reincarnation[link]
Main article: Reincarnation
Reincarnation refers to an afterlife concept found among Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Rosicrucians, Spiritists, and Wiccans. Reincarnation is also a belief described in Kabbalistic Judaism as gilgul neshamot (Reincarnation of Souls).[1] In reincarnation, spiritual development continues after death as the deceased begins another earthly life in the physical world, acquiring a superior grade of consciousness and altruism by means of successive reincarnations. This succession leads toward an eventual liberation.
One consequence of the Hindu and Spiritist beliefs is that our current lives are also an afterlife. According to those beliefs events in our current life are consequences of actions taken in previous lives, or Karma.
Rosicrucians,[2] in the same way of those who have had near-death experiences, speak of a life review period occurring immediately after death and before entering the afterlife's planes of existence (before the silver cord is broken), followed by a judgment, more akin to a Final Review or End Report over one's life.[3]
Many Wiccans, though not all, profess a belief in an afterlife called the Summerland, a peaceful and sunny place where the souls of the newly dead are sent. Here, souls rest, recuperate from life, and reflect on the experiences they had during their lives. After a period of rest, the souls are reincarnated, and the memory of their previous lives is erased.
Heaven and hell[link]
In Abrahamic religions the view is generally held that one goes to hell or heaven depending on one's deeds and/or faith while on Earth,[4] or predestination and Unconditional election, or to the intermediate state to await the Resurrection of the Dead. In most denominations, Heaven is a place of everlasting reward for the righteous to go after they die. Hell in comparison is a place of eternal torment for the wicked. Similar places of torment and reward can be seen in Greek Mythology with Elysium versus Tartarus.
Limbo[link]
Main article: Limbo
Despite popular opinion, Limbo, which was elaborated upon by theologians beginning in the Middle Ages, never entered into the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, yet, at times, the church incorporated the theory in its ordinary belief. Limbo is a theory that unbaptized but innocent souls, such as those of infants, virtuous individuals who lived before Jesus Christ was born on earth, or those that die before baptism must wait before going to heaven. Therefore, neither merit the beatific vision, nor yet are subjected to any punishment, because they are not guilty of any personal sin although they have not received baptism, so still bear original sin. On Friday, April 20, 2007 Pope Benedict XVI, abolished the whole idea saying he "showed doubt about the concept of limbo". He cited his concerns about it when he was a cardinal. In other Christian denominations it has been described as an intermediate place or state of confinement in oblivion and neglect.[5]
Purgatory[link]
The notion of purgatory is associated particularly with the Catholic Church. In the Catholic Church, all who die in God's grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven or the final purification of the elect, which is entirely different from the punishment of the damned. The tradition of the Church, by reference to certain texts of Scripture, speaks of a "cleansing fire" although it is not always called purgatory.
Anglicans of the Anglo-Catholic tradition generally also hold to the belief. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, believed in an intermediate state between death and the resurrection of the dead and in the possibility of "continuing to grow in holiness there", but Methodism does not officially affirm this belief and denies the possibility of helping by prayer any who may be in that state.[6]
Ancient religions[link]
Ancient Egypt[link]
The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known. When the body died, parts of its soul known as ka (body double) and the ba (personality) would go to the Kingdom of the Dead. While the soul dwelt in the Fields of Aaru, Osiris demanded work as restitution for the protection he provided. Statues were placed in the tombs to serve as substitutes for the deceased.[7]
Arriving at one's reward in afterlife was a demanding ordeal, requiring a sin-free heart and the ability to recite the spells, passwords and formulae of the Book of the Dead. In the Hall of Two Truths, the deceased's heart was weighed against the Shu feather of truth and justice taken from the headdress of the goddess Ma'at.[8] If the heart was lighter than the feather, they could pass on, but if it were heavier they would be devoured by the demon Ammit.[9]
Egyptians also believed that being mummified and put in a sarcophagus (an ancient Egyptian "coffin" carved with complex symbols and designs, as well as pictures and hieroglyphs) was the only way to have an afterlife. Only if the corpse had been properly embalmed and entombed in a mastaba, could the dead live again in the Fields of Yalu and accompany the Sun on its daily ride. Due to the dangers the afterlife posed, the Book of the Dead was placed in the tomb with the body as well as food, jewellery, and 'curses'. They also used the "opening of the mouth".[10][11]
Ancient Egyptian civilization was based on religion; their belief in the rebirth after death became their driving force behind their funeral practices. Death was simply a temporary interruption, rather than complete cessation, of life, and that eternal life could be ensured by means like piety to the gods, preservation of the physical form through mummification, and the provision of statuary and other funerary equipment. Each human consisted of the physical body, the 'ka', the 'ba', and the 'akh'. The Name and Shadow were also living entities. To enjoy the afterlife, all these elements had to be sustained and protected from harm.[12]
On March 30, 2010, a spokesman for the Egyptian Culture Ministry claimed it had unearthed a large red granite door in Luxor with inscriptions by User,[13] a powerful adviser to the 18th dynasty Queen Hatshepsut who ruled between 1479 BC and 1458 BC, the longest of any woman. It believes the false door is a 'door to the Afterlife'. According to the archaeologists, the door was reused in a structure in Roman Egypt.
Ancient Greek and Roman[link]
The Greek god Hades is known in Greek mythology as the king of the underworld, a place where souls live after death. The Greek god Hermes, the messenger of the gods, would take the dead soul of a person to the underworld (sometimes called Hades or the House of Hades). Hermes would leave the soul on the banks of the River Styx, the river between life and death.[14]
Charon, also known as the ferry-man, would take the soul across the river to Hades, if the soul had gold: Upon burial, the family of the dead soul would put coins under the deceased's tongue. Once crossed, the soul would be judged by Aeacus, Rhadamanthus and King Minos. The soul would be sent to Elysium, Tartarus, Asphodel Fields, or the Fields of Punishment. The Elysium Fields were for the ones that lived pure lives. It consisted of green fields, valleys and mountains, everyone there was peaceful and contented, and the Sun always shone there. Tartarus was for the people that blasphemed against the gods, or were simply rebellious and consciously evil.[15]
The Asphodel Fields were for a varied selection of human souls: Those whose sins equalled their goodness, were indecisive in their lives, or were not judged. The Fields of Punishment were for people that had sinned often, but not so much as to be deserving of Tartarus. In Tartarus, the soul would be punished by being burned in lava, or stretched on racks. Some heroes of Greek legend are allowed to visit the underworld. The Romans had a similar belief system about the afterlife, with Hades becoming known as Pluto. In the ancient Greek myth about the Labours of Hercules, the hero Hercules had to travel to the underworld to capture Cerberus, the three-headed guard dog, as one of his tasks.
In Dream of Scipio, Cicero describes what seems to be an out of body experience, of the soul traveling high above the Earth, looking down at the small planet, from far away.[16]
In Book VI of Virgil's Aeneid, the hero, Aeneas, travels to the underworld to see his father. By the River Styx, he sees the souls of those not given a proper burial, forced to wait by the river until someone buries them. While down there, along with the dead, he is shown the place where the wrongly convicted reside, the fields of sorrow where those who committed suicide and now regret it reside, including Aeneas' former lover, the warriors and shades, Tartarus (where the titans and powerful non-mortal enemies of the Olympians reside) where he can hear the groans of the imprisoned, the palace of Pluto, and the fields of Elysium where the descendants of the divine and bravest heroes reside. He sees the river of forgetfulness, Lethe, which the dead must drink to forget their life and begin anew. Lastly, his father shows him all of the future heroes of Rome who will live if Aeneas fulfills his destiny in founding the city.
Norse religion[link]
The Poetic and Prose Eddas, the oldest sources for information on the Norse concept of the afterlife, vary in their description of the several realms that are described as falling under this topic. The most well-known are:
- Valhalla: (lit. "Hall of the Slain" i.e. "the Chosen Ones") This heavenly abode, somewhat analogous to the Greek Elysium, is reserved for those brave warriors who die heroically in battle.
- Hel: (lit. "The Covered Hall") This abode is somewhat like Hades from Ancient Greek religion: there, something not unlike the Asphodel Meadows can be found, and people who have neither excelled in that which is good nor excelled in that which is bad can expect to go there after they die and be reunited with their loved ones.
- Niflhel: (lit. "The Dark" or "Misty Hel") This realm is roughly analogous to Greek Tartarus. It is the deeper level beneath Hel, and those who break oaths, abduct and rape women, and commit other vile things will be sent there to be among their kind to suffer harsh punishments.
Abrahamic religions[link]
Judaism[link]
Main article: Jewish Eschatology
She'ol[link]
Writing that would later be incorporated into the Hebrew Bible names Sheol as the place of the dead.[17] The Christian writer's traditional re-interpretation is that the Hebrew word Sheol can mean many things, including "grave", "resort", "place of waiting" and "place of healing". It can also mean "deep", as it is used when the earth opens up and destroys the rebellious Korah, Dathan and Abiram and their 250 followers (Numbers 16:31-33). One might take this as implying that Sheol is literally underground, although it is as easily read literally, as signifying an earthquake or split in the earth.
Solomon states in the book of Ecclesiastes: "For what happens to the sons of men also happens to animals; one thing befalls them: as one dies, so dies the other. Surely, they all have one breath; man has no advantage over animals, for all is vanity. All go to one place: all are from the dust, and all return to dust. Who knows the spirit of the sons of men, which goes upward, and the spirit of the animal, which goes down to the earth?" (Ecc. 3:19-21 NKJV)
"But for him who is joined to all the living there is hope, for a living dog is better than a dead lion. For the living know that they will die; But the dead know nothing, And they have no more reward, For the memory of them is forgotten. Also their love, their hatred, and their envy have now perished; Nevermore will they have a share in anything done under the sun." (Ecc. 9:4-6 NKJV)
Similarly Psalms 146:2-4 (NKJV) states: "Do not put your trust in princes, Nor in a son of man, in whom there is no help. His spirit departs, he returns to his earth; In that very day his plans perish."
In the book of Job it is stated: "But man dies and is laid away; indeed he breathes his last and where is he?... So man lies down and does not rise. Till the heavens are no more, they will not awake nor be roused from their sleep... If a man dies, shall he live again?" (Job 14:10,12,14a NKJV)
Olam Haba[link]
The Talmud offers a number of thoughts relating to the afterlife. Talmudic authorities agree that any virtuous gentile will be given a share in the world-to-come. After death, the soul is brought for judgment. Those who have led pristine lives enter immediately into the "Olam Haba" or World to Come. Most do not enter the World to Come immediately, but now experience a period of review of their earthly actions and they are made aware of what they have done wrong. Some view this period as being a "re-schooling", with the soul gaining wisdom as one's errors are reviewed. Others view this period to include spiritual discomfort for past wrongs. At the end of this period, not longer than one year, the soul then takes its place in the World to Come. Although discomforts are made part of certain Jewish conceptions of the afterlife, the concept of "eternal damnation", so prevalent in other religions, is no tenet of the Jewish afterlife. According to the Talmud, extinction of the soul is reserved for a far much smaller group of malicious and evil leaders, either whose very evil deeds go way beyond norms, or who lead large groups of people to utmost evil.[18][19]
Maimonides describes the Olam Haba ("World to Come") in spiritual terms, relegating the prophesied physical resurrection to the status of a future miracle, unrelated to the afterlife or the Messianic era. According to Maimonides, an afterlife continues for the soul of every human being, a soul now separated from the body in which it was "housed" during its earthly existence.
The Zohar describes Gehenna not as a place of punishment for the wicked but as a place of spiritual purification for souls.[20]
Reincarnation[link]
Jewish mystics who believed in reincarnation accepted it as a divine reality.
Although there is no reference to reincarnation in the Talmud or any prior writings,[21] according to rabbis such as Rabbi Avraham Arieh Trugman, reincarnation is recognized as being part and parcel of Jewish tradition. Rabbi Trugman explains that it is through oral tradition that the meanings of the Torah, its commandments and stories, are known and understood. The classic work of Jewish mysticism whose origins date back 2000 years,[22] the Zohar, is quoted liberally in all Jewish learning; in the Zohar the idea of reincarnation is mentioned repeatedly. Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.[22]
Rabbi Shraga Simmons commented that within the Bible itself, the idea [of reincarnation] is intimated in Deut. 25:5-10, Deut. 33:6 and Isaiah 22:14, 65:6.[23]
Rabbi Yirmiyahu Ullman wrote that reincarnation is an "ancient, mainstream belief in Judaism." The Zohar, written by Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai close to two thousand years ago, makes frequent and lengthy references to reincarnation. Onkelos, a righteous convert and authoritative commentator of the same period, explained the verse, "Let Reuben live and not die..." (Deuteronomy 33:6) to mean that Reuben should merit the World to Come directly, and not have to die again as result of being reincarnated. The great Torah scholar, commentator and kabbalist, Nachmanides (Ramban 1195-1270), attributed Job's suffering to reincarnation, as hinted in Job's saying "God does all these things twice or three times with a man, to bring back his soul from the pit to...the light of the living' (Job 33:29,30)."[24]
Reincarnation, called gilgul, became popular in folk belief, and is found in much Yiddish literature among Ashkenazi Jews. Among a few kabbalists, it was posited that some human souls could end up being reincarnated into non-human bodies. These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century. Martin Buber's early collection of stories of the Baal Shem Tov's life includes several that refer to people reincarnating in successive lives.[25]
Among well known (generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi (early 14th century), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena. Saadia Gaon, in Emunoth ve-Deoth (Hebrew: "beliefs and opinions") concludes Section VI with a refutation of the doctrine of metempsychosis (reincarnation). While refuting reincarnation, the Saadia Gaon further states that Jews who hold to reincarnation have adopted non-Jewish beliefs. By no means do all Jews today believe in reincarnation, but belief in reincarnation is not uncommon among many Jews, including Orthodox. Most Orthodox siddurim (prayerbooks) have a prayer asking for forgiveness for one's sins that one may have committed in this gilgul or a previous one.[citation needed]
Other well-known rabbis who are reincarnationists include Rabbi Yonassan Gershom, Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, Talmud scholar Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, Rabbi DovBer Pinson, Rabbi David M. Wexelman, Rabbi Zalman Schachter,[26] and many others. Reincarnation is cited by authoritative biblical commentators, including Ramban (Nachmanides), Menachem Recanti and Rabbenu Bachya.
Among the many volumes of the holy Rabbi Yitzchak Luria (known as the "Ari"), most of which come downfrom the pen of his primary disciple, Rabbi Chaim Vital, are profound insights explaining issues related to reincarnation. His Shaar HaGilgulim, "The Gates of Reincarnation", is a book devoted exclusively to the subject of reincarnation in Judaism.
Christianity[link]
Main article: Christian eschatology
Mainstream Christianity professes belief in the Nicene Creed, and English versions of the Nicene Creed in current use include the phrase: "We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come". Christian eschatology is concerned with death, an intermediate state, Heaven, Hell, the Second Coming of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, a rapture, a tribulation, the Millennium, end of the world, the last judgment, a new heaven and a new earth, and the ultimate consummation of all of God's purposes. Eschatological passages are found in many places, especially Isaiah, Daniel, Matthew 24, Matthew 25, and the Book of Revelation. Although punishments are made part of certain Christian conceptions of the afterlife, the prevalent concept of "eternal damnation" is a tenet of the Christian afterlife.
In Scripture[link]
When questioned by the Sadducees about the resurrection of the dead (in a context relating to who one's spouse would be if one had been married several times in life), Jesus said that marriage will be irrelevant after the resurrection as the resurrected will be (at least in this respect) like the angels in heaven.[27]
Jesus also maintained that the time would come when the dead would hear the voice of the Son of God, and all who were in the tombs would come out, the faithful to the resurrection of life, and the unfaithful to the resurrection of judgment.[28] According to the Gospel of Matthew, at the death of Jesus tombs were opened, and at his resurrection many saints who had died emerged from their tombs and went into "the holy city", presumably New Jerusalem.[29] No other New Testament account includes this event.
The Last Day: Jesus compared the kingdom of heaven, over which He rules, to a net which was thrown into the sea and gathered fish of every kind. When it was full, men drew it ashore and sat down and sorted the good into vessels but threw away the bad. So it will be at the close of the age also known as the Last Day. The angels will separate the evil from the righteous and throw them into the furnace of unquenchable fire. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.
The Book of Enoch describes Sheol as divided into four compartments for four types of the dead: the faithful saints who await resurrection in Paradise, the merely virtuous who await their reward, the wicked who await punishment, and the wicked who have already been punished and will not be resurrected on Judgment Day.[30] It should be noted that the Book of Enoch is considered apocryphal by most denominations of Christianity and all denominations of Judaism.
The book of 2 Maccabees gives a clear account of the dead awaiting a future resurrection and judgment, plus prayers and offerings for the dead to remove the burden of sin.
The Early Church: 1st century[link]
The author of Luke recounts the story of Lazarus and the rich man, which shows people in Hades awaiting the resurrection either in comfort or torment. The author of the Book of Revelation writes about God and the angels versus Satan and demons in an epic battle at the end of times when all souls are judged. There is mention of ghostly bodies of past prophets, and the transfiguration.
The Early Church: 2nd and 3rd centuries[link]
The non-canonical Acts of Paul and Thecla speak of the efficacy of prayer for the dead, so that they might be "translated to a state of happiness."[31]
Hippolytus of Rome pictures the underworld (Hades) as a place where the righteous dead, awaiting in the bosom of Abraham their resurrection, rejoice at their future prospect, while the unrighteous are tormented at the sight of the "lake of unquenchable fire" into which they are destined to be cast.
The Early Church: 4th and 5th centuries[link]
Gregory of Nyssa discusses the long-before believed possibility of purification of souls after death.[32]
Saint Augustine counters Pelagius, arguing that original sin means that the unbaptised go to hell, including infants, albeit with less suffering than is experienced by those guilty of actual sins.
Medieval Christianity[link]
Pope Gregory I repeats the concept, articulated over a century earlier by Gregory of Nyssa that the saved suffer purification after death, in connection with which he wrote of "purgatorial flames".
The noun "purgatorium" (Latin: place of cleansing[33]) is used for the first time to describe a state of painful purification of the saved after life. The same word in adjectival form (purgatorius -a -um, cleansing), which appears also in non-religious writing,[34] was already used by Christians such as Augustine of Hippo and Pope Gregory I to refer to an after-death cleansing.
Swedenborg and the Enlightenment[link]
During the Age of Enlightenment, theologians and philosophers presented various philosophies and beliefs. A notable example is Emanuel Swedenborg who wrote some 18 theological works which describe in detail the nature of the afterlife according to his claimed spiritual experiences, the most famous of which is Heaven and Hell.[35] His report of life there covers a wide range of topics, such as marriage in heaven (where all angels are married), children in heaven (where they are raised by angel parents), time and space in heaven (there are none), the after-death awakening process in the World of Spirits (a place halfway between Heaven and Hell and where people first wake up after death), the allowance of a free will choice between Heaven or Hell (as opposed to being sent to either one by God), the eternity of Hell (one could leave but would never want to), and that all angels or devils were once people on earth.[35]
On the other hand, the enlightenment produced more rationalist philosophies such as deism. Many deist freethinkers held that belief in an afterlife with reward and punishment was a necessity of reason and good moral
Seventh-day Adventists[link]
The Seventh-day Adventist Church, teaches that the first death, or death brought about by living on a planet with sinful conditions (sickness, old age, accident, etc.) is a sleep of the soul. Adventists believe that the body + the breath of God = a living soul. Like Jehovah's Witnesses, Adventists use key phrases from the Bible, such as "For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten" (Eccl. 9:5 KJV). Adventists also point to the fact that the wage of sin is death and God alone is immortal. Adventists believe God will grant eternal life to the redeemed who are resurrected at Jesus' second coming. Until then, all those who have died are "asleep." When Jesus the Christ, who is the Word and the Bread of Life, comes a second time, the righteous will be raised incorruptible and will be taken in the clouds to meet their Lord. The righteous will live in heaven for a thousand years (the millennium) where they will sit with God in judgment over the unredeemed and the fallen angels. During the time the redeemed are in heaven, the Earth will be devoid of human and animal inhabitation. Only the fallen angels will be left alive. The second resurrection is of the unrighteous, when Jesus brings the New Jerusalem down from heaven to relocate to Earth. Jesus will call to life all those who are unrighteous. Satan and his angels will convince the unrighteous to surround the city, but hell fire and brimstone will fall from heaven and consume them, thus cleansing Earth of all sin. The universe will be then free from sin forever. This is called the second death. On the new earth God will provide an eternal home for all the redeemed and a perfect environment for everlasting life, where Eden will be restored. The great controversy will be ended and sin will be no more. God will reign in perfect harmony forever.(Rom. 6:23; 1 Tim. 6:15, 16; Eccl. 9:5, 6; Ps. 146:3, 4; John 11:11-14; Col. 3:4; 1 Cor. 15:51-54; 1 Thess. 4:13-17; John 5:28, 29; Rev. 20:1-10; Rev. 20; 1 Cor. 6:2, 3; Jer. 4:23-26; Rev. 21:1-5; Mal. 4:1; Eze. 28:18, 19; 2 Peter 3:13; Isa. 35; 65:17-25; Matt. 5:5; Rev. 21:1-7; 22:1-5; 11:15.)[36][37]
Afterlife in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormonism)[link]
Joseph F. Smith of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints presents an elaborate vision of the Afterlife. It is revealed as the scene of an extensive missionary effort by righteous spirits to redeem those still in darkness - a spirit prison or "hell" where the spirits of the dead remain until judgment. It is divided into two parts: Spirit Prison and Paradise. Together these are also known as the Spirit World (also Abraham's Bosom; see Luke 16:19-25). They believe that Christ visited spirit prison (1 Peter 3:18-20) and opened the gate for those who repent to cross over to Paradise. "--- what Jesus’ immortal spirit did after His death and before His Resurrection is a mystery to all but the Latter-day Saints ---" (Elder Spencer J. Condie, Liahona, -Church magazine – July, 2003) "- - - unto the wicked he did not go, and among the ungodly and the unrepentant - - his voice was not raised. - - But behold, from among the righteous, He organized His forces and appointed messengers ..." (D&C 138:20, 30–32). "Christ opened the doors of hell to missionary work among the dead ..." (H. Donl Peterson, “I Have a Question,” Ensign, Apr. 1986, 36–38). This is similar to the Harrowing of Hell doctrine of some mainstream Christian faiths.[citation needed] Both Spirit Prison and Paradise are temporary according to Latter-day Saint beliefs. After the resurrection, spirits are assigned "permanently" to three degrees of heavenly glory––Celestial, Terrestrial, and Telestial––(1 Cor 15:44-42; Doctrine and Covenants, Section 76) or are cast with Satan into Outer Darkness. (See Doctrine and Covenants, Section 76.)
Salvation, faith and merit from ancient to modern Christianity[link]
Most Christians deny that entry into Heaven can be properly earned, rather it is a gift that is solely God's to give through his unmerited grace. This belief follows the theology of St. Paul: For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God, not by works, so that no one can boast. The Augustinian, Thomist, Lutheran, and Calvinist theological traditions all emphasize the necessity of God's undeserved grace for salvation, and reject so-called Pelagianism, which would make man earn salvation through good works. Not all Christian sects accept this doctrine, leading many controversies on grace and free will, and the idea of predestination. In particular, the belief that heaven is a reward for good behavior is a common folk belief in Christian societies, even among members of churches which reject that belief.
Christian theologians Thomas Aquinas and Jonathan Edwards wrote that the saved in heaven will delight in the suffering of the damned. Hell, however, does not fit modern, humanitarian concepts of punishment because it cannot deter the unbeliever nor rehabilitate the damned, this however, does not affect the Christian belief which places Biblical teaching above the ideas of society. Some Christian believers have come to downplay the punishment of hell. Universalists teach that salvation is for all. Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh-day Adventists, though they have among the strictest rules on how to conduct their lives, teach that sinners are destroyed rather than tortured forever. John 3:16 says that only those that accept Jesus will be given eternal life, so the people that do not accept him cannot burn in hell for eternity because Jesus has not given them eternal life, instead it says they will perish.
The dead as angels in heaven[link]
In American pop culture depictions of Heaven, particularly in vintage cartoons such as those by Looney Tunes in the mid-20th century, the souls of virtuous people ascend to Heaven and are converted into angels. However, this is not in accordance with the orthodox Christian theology. Christianity depicts a sharp distinction between angels, divine beings created by God before the creation of humanity and are used as messengers, and saints, the souls of humans who have received immortality from the grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ of Nazareth, who dwell in Heaven with God.
Latter Day Saints believe that the soul existed before earth life and will exist in the hereafter. Angels are either spirits that have not yet come to earth to experience their mortality, or spirits or resurrected beings that have already passed through mortality and do the will of God. See Job 38:4-7, D&C 93:29. According to LDS Doctrine, Michael the Archangel became the first man on earth, Adam, to experience his mortality. The Angel of Moroni visited the boy, Joseph Smith, after living out his mortal life in ancient America. Later, he received Angelic administrations from the Apostles Peter, James, and John, John the Baptist, and others.
Universalists[link]
Some sects, such as the Universalists, believe in universalism that all souls will ultimately be saved and that there are no torments of hell.[38]
Jehovah's Witnesses[link]
Jehovah's Witnesses occasionally use the terms "afterlife" and "hereafter"[39] to refer to any hope for the dead, but they understand Ecclesiastes 9:5 to preclude common views of afterlife:
For the living are conscious that they will die; but as for the dead, they are conscious of nothing at all, neither do they any more have wages, because the remembrance of them has been forgotten.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that death is the price for sinning.[40][41] Individuals judged by God to be wicked, such as in the Great Flood or at Armageddon, are given no hope of an afterlife. After Armageddon there will be a resurrection in the flesh[42] of "both righteous and unrighteous" dead (but not the "wicked"), based on Acts 24:15. Survivors of Armageddon and those who are resurrected are then to gradually restore earth to a paradise.[43] After Armageddon, unrepentant sinners are punished with eternal death (non-existence).
Orthodox Christianity[link]
Orthodoxy teaches that, "after the soul leaves the body, it journeys to the abode of the dead (Hades). There are exceptions, such as the Theotokos (the virgin Mary), who was borne by the angels directly into heaven. As for the rest, we must remain in this condition of waiting. Because some have a prevision of the glory to come and others foretaste their suffering, the state of waiting is called "Particular Judgment". When Christ returns, the soul rejoins its risen body to be judged by Him in the Last judgment. The 'good and faithful servant' will inherit eternal life, the unfaithful with the unbeliever will spend eternity in hell. Their sins and their unbelief will torture them as fire."[44]
The Catholic Church[link]
The Catholic conception of the afterlife teaches after the body dies, the soul is judged, the righteous and free of sin enter Heaven. However, those who die in unrepented mortal sin go to hell. In the 1990s, the Catechism of the Catholic Church defined hell not as punishment imposed on the sinner but rather as the sinner's self-exclusion from God. Unlike other Christian groups, the Catholic Church teaches that those who die in a state of grace, but still carry venial sin go to a place called Purgatory where they undergo purification to enter Heaven.
Islam[link]
The Islamic belief in the afterlife as stated in the Qur'an is descriptive. The Islamic word for Paradise is jannat and Hell is jahannam. Jannat and Jahannam both have different levels. Jannat has 7 gates and seven levels. The higher the level the better it is and the happier you are. Jahannam possess 7 deep terrible layers. The lower the layer the worse it is. Individuals will arrive at both everlasting homes during Judgment Day, which commences after the Angel Israfel blows the trumpet the second time. Their level of comfort while in the grave depends wholly on their level of Iman or faith in the one God, or Allah, equivalent in Arabic. In order for one to achieve proper, firm and healthy Iman one must practice righteous deeds or else his level of Iman chokes and shrinks and eventually can wither away if one does not practice Islam long enough, hence the depth of practicing Islam is good deeds. One may also acquire Tasbih and recite the names of Allah in such manner as "SubahannAllah" or Glory be to Allah in Arabic over and over again to acquire good deeds. The levels in Jannah are 7[45] and 7 (?) for Jahannam.
Islam teaches that the purpose of Man's entire creation is to worship the Creator of the Heavens and Earth - Allah (God in Arabic) alone that includes being kind to other human beings and life including bugs, and to trees, by not oppressing them. Islam teaches that the life we live on Earth is nothing but a test for us and to determine each individual's ultimate abode be it punishment or Jannat in the afterlife, which is eternal and everlasting.
In the 20th century, discussions about the afterlife address the interconnection between human action and divine judgment, the need for moral rectitude, and the eternal consequences of human action in this life and world.[46]
Bahá'í Faith[link]
Main article: Bahá'í teachings
The teachings of the Bahá'í Faith state that the nature of the afterlife is beyond the nature of those living, just as an unborn fetus cannot understand the nature of the world outside of the womb. The Bahá'í writings state that the soul is immortal and after death it will continue to progress until it attains God's presence. In Bahá'í belief, souls in the afterlife will continue to retain their individuality and consciousness and will be able to recognize and communicate spiritually with other souls whom they have made deep profound friendships with, such as their spouses.[47]
The Bahá'í writings[clarification needed] also state there are distinctions between souls in the afterlife, and that souls will recognize the worth of their own deeds and understand the consequences of their actions. It is explained that those souls that have turned toward God will experience gladness, while those who have lived in error will become aware of the opportunities they have lost. Also, in the Baha'i view, souls will be able to recognize the accomplishments of the souls that have reached the same level as themselves, but not those that have achieved a rank higher than them.[47]
Dharmic religions[link]
Hinduism[link]
Upanishads describe reincarnation (punarjanma) (see also: samsara). The Bhagavat Gita, an important novel of Hinduism, talks extensively about the afterlife. Here, the Lord Krishna says that just as a man discards his old clothes and wears new ones; similarly the soul discards the old body and takes on a new one. In Hinduism, the belief is that the body is but a shell, the soul inside is immutable and indestructible and takes on different lives in a cycle of birth and death. The end of this cycle is called "Mukti" (Sanskrit: मुक्ति) and merging finally with God is "Moksha" (Sanskrit: मोक्ष) or salvation.
Garuda Purana, a book solely deals with what happens to a person after death. The God of Death Yama sends his representatives to collect the soul from a person's body whenever he is due for death and they take the soul to Yama. A record of each person's timings & deeds performed by him is kept in a ledger by Yama's assistant "Chitragupta".
According to the Garuda Purana, a soul after leaving the body, travels through a very long & dark tunnel towards South. This is why an oil lamp is lit and kept beside the head of the corpse, to light the dark tunnel and allow the soul to travel comfortably.
The soul, called "Atman" leaves the body and reincarnates itself according to the deeds or Karma performed by one in last birth. Re-birth would be in form of animals or other lower creatures if one performed bad Karmas and in human form in a good family with joyous lifetime if the person was good in last birth. In between the two births a human is also required to either face punishments for bad Karmas in "naraka" or hell or enjoy for the good karmas in "svarga" or heaven for good deeds. Whenever his or her punishments or rewards are over he or she is sent back to earth, also known as "Mrityulok" or World of Death. A person is merged with the God or ultimate power when he discharges only & only good Karmas in last birth and the same is called as "Moksha" or "Nirvana", which is the ultimate goal of a true Hindu. Atma (Soul) merges into "Parmatma" or the greatest soul.According to Bhagwadgita an "Atma" or soul never dies, what dies is the body only made of five elements - Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Sky. Soul is believed to be indestructible.None of the five elements can harm or influence it.Hinduism through Garuda Purana also describes in detail various types of "Narkas" or Hells where a person after death is punished for his bad Karmas and dealt with accordingly.
Hindus also believe in 'Karma'. 'Karma' is the accumulated sums of one's good or bad deeds. According to Hinduism the basic concept of Karma is 'As you sow, you shall reap'. So, if a person has lived a good life, they will be rewarded in the afterlife. Similarly their sum of bad deeds will be mirrored in their next life. Good 'Karma' brings good rewards and bad 'karmas' lead to bad results. There is no judgment here. People accumulate karma through their actions and even thoughts. In Bhagavad Gita when Arjuna hesitates to kill his kith and kin the lord reprimands him saying thus "Do you believe that you are the doer of the action. No. You are merely an instrument in MY hands. Do you believe that the people in front of you are living? Dear Arjuna, they are already dead. As a kshatriya (warrior) it is your duty to protect your people and land. If you fail to do your duty, then you are not adhering to dharmic principles."
Buddhism[link]
Buddhists maintain that rebirth takes place without an unchanging self or soul passing from one form to another. The type of rebirth will be conditioned by the moral tone of the person's actions (kamma or karma). For example, where a person has committed harmful actions of body, speech and mind based on greed, hatred and delusion, rebirth in a lower realm, i.e. an animal, a ghost or a hell realm, is to be expected. On the other hand, where a person has performed skillful actions based on generosity, loving-kindness (metta), compassion and wisdom, rebirth in a happy realm, i.e. human or one of the many heavenly realms, can be expected.
In Tibetan Buddhism the Tibetan Book of the Dead explains the intermediate state of humans between death and reincarnation. The deceased will find the bright light of wisdom, which shows a straightforward path to move upward and leave the cycle of reincarnation. There are various reasons why the deceased do not follow that light. Some had no briefing about the intermediate state in the former life. Others only used to follow their basic instincts like animals. And some have fear, which results from foul deeds in the former life or from insistent haughtiness. In the intermediate state the awareness is very flexible, so it is important to be virtuous, adopt a positive attitude, and avoid negative ideas. Ideas which are rising from subconsciousness can cause extreme tempers and cowing visions. In this situation they have to understand, that these manifestations are just reflections of the inner thoughts. No one can really hurt them, because they have no more material body. The deceased get help from different Buddhas who show them the path to the bright light. The ones who do not follow the path after all will get hints for a better reincarnation. They have to release the things and beings on which or whom they still hang from the life before. It is recommended to choose a family where the parents trust in the Dharma and to reincarnate with the will to care for the welfare of all beings.
"Life is cosmic energy of the universe and after death it merges in universe again and as the time comes to find the suitable place for the entity died in the life condition it gets born. There are 10 life states of any life: Hell, hunger, anger, animality, rapture, humanity, learning, realization, bodhisatva and buddhahood. The life dies in which life condition it reborn in the same life condition."
Sikhism[link]
Sikhs also believe in reincarnation. They believe that the soul belongs to the spiritual universe which has its origins in God. It is like a see-saw, the amount of good done in life will store up blessings, thus uniting with God. It needs to be clarified whether the ideal is union or link with 'Waheguru' (God) or merger in God (Hindu belief). Before the creation of the world, God was all by Himself, in a Self-absorbed state. In that state, God's Will, Naam or Attributes were not expressed, since they have relevance only in the created world. At next stage, universe was created. Since then God's Naam and Will have become expressed and creative functioning in the universe goes on. The suggested merger in God (Hindu belief)in this state involves virtually a reversion to the first state of God being Self-absorbed. This reversal would evidently be counter to the expressed Creative Will of God. So Sikhs believe in union as opposed to merger. A soul may need to live many lives before it is one with God. But there is more to it than this; there are four classes that are included in this belief. Above these four classes is God "Waheguru" and the soul can choose to stay with him it wishes, or take another step and go to its people and serve them. Below these four classes are non-humans such as plants and viruses. Souls move up and down according to their deeds, a good life and death moves them up to a higher class and a bad life and death results in going down a class.
Zoroastrianism[link]
Zoroastrianism states that the urvan, the disembodied spirit, lingers on earth for three days before departing downward to the kingdom of the dead that is ruled by Yima. For the three days that it rests on Earth, righteous souls sit at the head of their body, chanting the Ustavaiti Gathas with joy, while a wicked person sits at the feet of the corpse, wails and recites the Yasna. Zoroastrianism states that for the righteous souls, a beautiful maiden, which is the personification of the soul's good thoughts, words and deeds, appears. For a wicked person, a very old, ugly, naked hag appears. After three nights, the soul of the wicked is taken by the demon Vizaresa (Vīzarəša), to Chinvat bridge, and is made to go to darkness (hell).
Yima is believed to have been the first king on earth to rule, as well as the first man to die. Inside of Yima's realm, the spirits live a shadowy existence, and are dependent on their own descendants which are still living on Earth. Their descendants are to satisfy their hunger and clothe them, through rituals done on earth.
Rituals which are done on the first three days are vital and important, as they protect the soul from evil powers and give it strength to reach the underworld. After three days, the soul crosses Chinvat bridge which is the Final Judgment of the soul. Rashnu and Sraosha are present at the final judgment. The list is expanded sometimes, and include Vahman and Ormazd. Rashnu is the yazata who holds the scales of justice. If the good deeds of the person outweigh the bad, the soul is worthy of paradise. If the bad deeds outweigh the good, the bridge narrows down to the width of a blade-edge, and a horrid hag pulls the soul in her arms, and takes it down to hell with her.
Misvan Gatu is the 'place of the mixed ones' where the souls lead a gray existence, lacking both joy and sorrow. A soul goes here if his/her good deeds and bad deeds are equal, and Rashnu's scale is equal.
Parapsychology[link]
Main article: Parapsychology
See also: Near-death studies and Near death experience
A study conducted in 1901 by physician Duncan MacDougall sought to measure the weight lost by a human when the soul "departed the body" upon death.[48] MacDougall weighed dying patients in an attempt to prove that the soul was material, tangible and thus measurable. Although MacDougall's results varied considerably from "21 grams", for some people this figure has become synonymous with the measure of a soul's mass.[49] The title of the 2003 movie 21 Grams is a reference to MacDougall's findings.
The Society for Psychical Research was founded in 1882 with the express intention of investigating phenomena relating to Spiritualism and the afterlife. Its members continue to conduct scientific research on the paranormal to this day. Some of the earliest attempts to apply scientific methods to the study of phenomena relating to an afterlife were conducted by this organization. Its earliest members included noted scientists like William Crookes, and philosophers such as Henry Sidgwick and William James.
J. B. Rhine, who was critical in the early foundations of parapsychology as a laboratory science, was committed to finding scientific evidence for the spiritual existence of humans. Scientists who have worked in this area include Raymond Moody, Susan Blackmore, Charles Tart, William James, Ian Stevenson, Michael Persinger and Pim van Lommel among others.[50]
After 25 years of parapsychological research, Susan Blackmore came to the conclusion that there is no empirical evidence for an afterlife.[51][52] David Fontana however on the subject of parapsychology has said that "the evidence for survival is so strong that anyone who cares to study it is likely to end up convinced". He further points out that the reason there is no complete conclusive repeatable evidence is because that if the afterlife was so demonstrable then it would become "another chapter in a school textbook" and "something would be taken away from man's eternal quest to understand himself".[53]
Some, such as Francis Crick in 1994, have attempted a "scientific search for the soul".[54] Frank Tipler has argued that physics can explain immortality, though such arguments are not falsifiable and thus do not qualify, in Karl Popper's views, as science.[55]
In 2008, Penny Sartori, an intensive care nurse from Swansea, published a book about near death experiences following 10 years of research. Sartori says that people who went through out-of-body experiences felt as if they floated above themselves and were able to accurately recount what had happened in the room even though their bodily eyes were closed.[56]
Investigation of the afterlife also includes the study of (among others) cases of haunting, apparitions of the deceased (including, in some cases, information conveyed by those same apparitions), instrumental trans-communication (recording of electronic voice phenomena on tape), and mediumship.[57]
Hypotheses[link]
An early psychical researcher to propose an afterlife hypothesis was Edmund Fournier d'Albe he wrote that at the moment of death the soul floats into the atmosphere. The soul then inhabits a realm of the earth-atmosphere extending upwards for two- hundred miles, and that the souls live off ultraviolet rays from the sun.[58][59]
The parapsychologist H. H. Price had also developed his own hypothesis about what the afterlife may be like. According to Price after death the self will find itself in a dream world of memories and mental images from their life. Price wrote that the hypothetical "next world would be realms of real mental images." Price however believed that the self may be able to draw upon its memories of previous physical existence to create an environment of totally new images. According to Price, the dream world will not follow the laws of physics just as ordinary dreams do not. In addition, he wrote that each person will experience a world of their own, though he also wrote that the dream world doesn't necessarily have to be solipsistic as different selves may be able to communicate with each other by dream telepathy.[60][61][62][63]
The most common criticism of HH Price's afterlife hypothesis has come from the religious community as his suggestions are not consistent with traditional Christian teaching, nor the teachings of any other monotheistic religion.[64]
Gardner Murphy wrote that a persons mind might survive death in a fragmentary state and merge itself into a collective consciousness. Murphy had opposed the idea that an individual mind with personality as an entity would survive, instead he claimed the mind and all of its memories would merge itself into a larger field of consciousness. He wrote there would be no personal ego left but the consciousness would be able to take on new qualities.[65][66] Patterson (1995) has proposed a form of afterlife equivalent to a collective dream but concludes that the individual will still have subjective consciousness.[67]
Philosophy[link]
Modern philosophy[link]
There is still the position, based on the philosophical question of personal identity, termed open individualism, and in some ways similar to the old belief of monopsychism, that concludes that individual existence is illusory, and our consciousness continues existing after death in other conscious beings. Positions regarding existence after death were supported by some notable physicists such as Erwin Schrödinger and Freeman Dyson.[68]
Certain problems arise with the idea of a particular person continuing after death. Peter van Inwagen, in his argument regarding resurrection, notes that the materialist must have some sort of physical continuity.[69] John Hick also raises some questions regarding personal identity in his book, Death and Eternal Life using an interesting example of a person ceasing to exist in one place while an exact replica appears in another. If the replica had all the same experiences, traits, and physical appearances of the first person, we would all attribute the same identity to the second, according to Hick.
Process philosophy[link]
In the panentheistic model of process philosophy and theology the writers Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne rejected that the universe was made of substance, instead reality is composed of living experiences (occasions of experience). According to Hartshorne people do not experience subjective (or personal) immortality in the afterlife, but they do have objective immortality because their experiences live on forever in God, who contains all that was. However other process philosophers such as David Ray Griffin have written that people may have subjective experience after death.[70][71][72][73]
See also[link]
- Akhirah
- Allegory of the long spoons
- Bardo
- Brig of Dread (Bridge of Dread)
- Conscience
- Cognitivism
- Cryonics
- Dimethyltryptamine
- Empiricism
- Epistemology
- Essenes
- Exaltation (Mormonism)
- Fate of the unlearned
- Heresy in Orthodox Judaism
- Life form
- Logical positivism
- Mictlan
- Omega Point
- Parapsychology
- Phowa
- Pineal Gland
- Pre-Birth communication
- Soul retrieval
- Suspended animation
- Undead
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ http://www.projectmind.org/exoteric/souls.html
- ^ Max Heindel, The Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures (The Riddle of Life and Death), 1908, ISBN 0-911274-84-7
- ^ Max Heindel, Death and Life in Purgatory - Life and Activity in Heaven
- ^ Heaven and Hell: My Life in the Eagles (1974-2001)
- ^ http://www.thefreedictionary.com/limbo
- ^ Ted Campbell, Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials (Abingdon 1999), quoted in Feature article by United Methodist Reporter Managing Editor Robin Russell and in FAQ Belief: What happens immediately after a person dies?
- ^ Richard P. Taylor Death and the afterlife: A Cultural Encyclopedia ABC-CLIO, 2000 ISBN 0874369398
- ^ Bard, Katheryn (1999). Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Routledge.
- ^ Kathryn Demeritt Ptah's Travels: Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt 2005, p. 82
- ^ Glennys Howarth, Oliver Leaman Encyclopedia of death and dying 2001, p. 238
- ^ Natalie Lunis Tut's Deadly Tomb 2010, p. 11
- ^ Fergus Fleming, Alan Lothian Ancient Egypt's Myths and Beliefs 2011, p. 96
- ^ "Door to Afterlife found in Egyptian tomb". www.meeja.com.au. 2010-03-30. http://www.meeja.com.au/articles/door-to-afterlife-found-in-egyptian-tomb. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
- ^ Social Studies School Service Ancient Greece 2003, pp. 49-51
- ^ Perry L. Westmoreland Ancient Greek Beliefs 2007, pp. 68-70
- ^ N. Sabir Heaven Hell Or 2010, p. 147
- ^ Harris, Stephen. Understanding the Bible.
- ^ http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/tsa/tsa37.htm
- ^ http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10049.html
- ^ http://www.faqs.org/faqs/judaism/FAQ/06-Jewish-Thought/section-9.html
- ^ Saadia Gaon in Emunoth ve-Deoth Section vi
- ^ a b http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mM8dn68vgD8
- ^ http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_reincarnation.htm
- ^ http://ohr.edu/yhiy/article.php/1077
- ^ Martin Buber, "Legende des Baalschem" in Die Chassidischen Bücher, Hellerau 1928, especially Die niedergestiegene Seele
- ^ http://www.sytekcom.com/rooster/bta-faq1.html
- ^ Matthew 22:23-33
- ^ John 5:29
- ^ Matthew 27:50-54
- ^ Fosdick, Harry Emerson. A guide to understanding the Bible. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1956. page 276.
- ^ Acts of Paul and Thecla 8:5
- ^ He wrote that a person "may afterward in a quite different manner be very much interested in what is better, when, after his departure out of the body, he gains knowledge of the difference between virtue and vice and finds that he is not able to partake of divinity until he has been purged of the filthy contagion in his soul by the purifying fire" (emphases added) - Sermon on the Dead, AD 382, quoted in The Roots of Purgatory
- ^ "purgatory". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press., 2003. Answers.com 06 Jun. 2007.
- ^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary
- ^ a b Swedenborg, E. Heaven and its Wonders and Hell. From Things Heard and Seen (Swedenborg Foundation, 1946)
- ^ White, E.G. (1858). The great controversy. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association
- ^ http://www.adventist.org/beliefs/fundamental/index.html
- ^ http://en.allexperts.com/q/Unitarians-945/unitarian-view-afterlife.htm
- ^ "The Hereafter—Where Will It Be?", The Watchtower, January 1, 2000, page 3, Read online
- ^ Reasoning From the Scriptures pp 168-175
- ^ Jehovah's Witnesses website on Hell
- ^ Acts 24:15 KJV
- ^ Insight on the Scriptures vol. 2 pp 574-6
- ^ Michael Azkoul What Are the Differences Between Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism?
- ^ Saheeh Al-Bukhari
- ^ http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e61?_hi=2&_pos=1
- ^ a b Smith, Peter (2008). An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86251-5.
- ^ Roach, Mary (2005). Spook – Science Tackles the Afterlife. W. W. Norton & Co.. ISBN 0-393-05962-6.
- ^ Urban Legends - Reference Page (Soul man).
- ^ Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands
- ^ Skeptical Odysseys: Personal Accounts by the World’s Leading Paranormal Inquirers pp 85-94
- ^ Kurtz, Paul (2001). Skeptical Odysseys: Personal Accounts by the World's Leading Paranormal Inquirers. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-57392-884-4.
- ^ Does Mind Survive Physical Death? By David Fontana
- ^ Crick, Francis (1995). The Astonishing Hypothesis – the Scientific Search for the Soul. Touchstone Books. ISBN 0-684-80158-2.
- ^ Tipler, Franl, J. (1997). The Physics of Immortality – Modern Cosmology, God and the Resurrection of the Dead. Anchor. ISBN 0-385-46799-0.
- ^ "Nurse writes book on near-death". BBC News. 2008-06-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7463606.stm. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
- ^ David Fontana (2005): Is there an afterlife. A comprehensive overview of the evidence.
- ^ Mark Lemon, Henry Mayhew, Tom Taylor Punch, Volume 135 1908, p. 440
- ^ Life After Death, Colonist, Volume LI, Issue 12454, 2 February 1909, Page 4
- ^ Price, H. H., 1953. “Survival and the Idea of ‘ Another World’,” Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 50 (182): 1–25. Reprinted in John Hick (ed.), 1970. Classical and Contemporary Readings in the Philosophy of Religion, second edition, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, pp. 370–93. Page references to Hick 1970.
- ^ Price, Hick, and Disembodied Existence, Bruce R. Reichenbach, Religious Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Sep., 1979), pp. 317-325
- ^ Toynvee, A., Mant, A.K., Smart, N., Hinton, J., Yudkin, S., Rhode, E., Heywood R., Price, H.H. (1968). Man’s Concern with Death. London, Great Britain: Hoddler and Stouhton.
- ^ Christopher Moreman Beyond the Threshold: Afterlife Beliefs and Experiences in World Religions 2010, p. 270
- ^ Libby Ahluwalia Understanding philosophy of religion Edexcel 2008, p. 275
- ^ Murphy, G. (1973). A Caringtonian approach to Ian Stevenson’s Twenty cases suggestive of reincarnation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 67, 117–129.
- ^ Ramakrishna Rao, V. Gowri Rammohan New frontiers of human science: a festschrift for K. Ramakrishna Rao 2002, p. 54
- ^ Patterson, R. W. K. (1995). Philosophy and the Belief in a Life After Death. Palgrave MD. ISBN 0333616332
- ^ Kolak, Daniel (2005). I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundations for Global Ethics. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-2999-3.
- ^ Peter van Inwagen. "I Look for the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to Come". http://philosophy.nd.edu/people/all/profiles/van-inwagen-peter/documents/Resurrection.doc.
- ^ Charles Hartshorne, Omnipotence and Other Theological Mistakes (Albany: State University of New York, 1984) p. 32-36
- ^ David Griffin, "The Possibility of Subjective Immortality in Whitehead’s Philosophy," in The Modern Schoolman, LIII, November. 1975, pp. 39-51.
- ^ What Is Process Theology? by Robert B. Mellert
- ^ A Whiteheadian Conception of Immortality by Forrest Wood, Jr.
Further reading[link]
- Death and Afterlife: Perspectives of World Religions edited by Hiroshi Obayashi, Praeger, 1991
- Beyond Death: Theological and Philosophical Reflections on Life after Death edited by Dan Cohn-Sherbok and Christopher Lewis, Pelgrave-MacMillan, 1995
- The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection by Jane Idelman Smith and Yazbeck Haddad, Oxford UP, 2002
- Life After Death: A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion by Alan F. Segal, Doubleday, 2004
- Brain & Belief: An Exploration of the Human Soul by John J. McGraw, Aegis Press, 2004
- Beyond the Threshold: Afterlife Beliefs and Experiences in World Religions by Christopher M. Moreman, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.
- Is there an afterlife: a comprehensive overview of the evidence by David Fontana, O Books 2005.
- Conceptions of the Afterlife in Early Civilizations: Universalism, Constructivism and Near-Death Experience by Gregory Shushan, New York & London, Continuum, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8264-4073-0
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Afterlife |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Afterlife |
 |
Look up afterlife or hereafter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikiversity has learning materials about Afterlife |
- http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a12.htm for the Catholic view on life after death
- http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cti_documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070419_un-baptised-infants_en.html an article explaining the Catholic opinion on the idea of limbo
- Stewart Salmond - The Christian Doctrine of Immortality
- Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Death and Immortality
- Afterlife entry by William Hasker in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Veritas Research Program: Gary Schwartz, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
- The Destiny of the Soul: A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life at Project Gutenberg (Extensive 1878 text by William Rounseville Alger)
- Online version of Swedenborg's Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg Foundation 1949, new translation 2002)
- Online searchable copy of Swedenborg's Heaven and Hell also known as the underworld in Ancient Greece.
http://wn.com/Afterlife
Related pages:
http://es.wn.com/Más allá
http://ru.wn.com/Жизнь после смерти
http://nl.wn.com/Leven na de dood
http://pt.wn.com/Vida após a morte
http://pl.wn.com/Życie pozagrobowe
http://fr.wn.com/Vie après la mort
http://de.wn.com/Leben nach dem Tod
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Paul Simon, see Paul Simon (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012) |
| Paul Simon | |
|---|---|
 Paul Simon performing March 8, 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Paul Frederic Simon |
| Born | (1941-10-13) October 13, 1941 (age 70) Newark, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Genres | Folk rock, folk-pop, soft rock, world fusion |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter, producer |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, bass, piano, percussion, lute, alto saxophone, piccolo |
| Years active | 1957–present |
| Labels | Columbia, Warner Bros., Hear Music |
| Associated acts | Simon & Garfunkel |
| Website | www.paulsimon.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Martin OM42PS (Paul Simon) and PS2 Yamaha PS Signature Models |
|
Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is a grammy award winning American singer-songwriter, poet and guitarist.
Simon's international fame and success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel, launched in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel. Simon wrote most of the pair's songs, including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts: "The Sound of Silence", "Mrs. Robinson", and "Bridge Over Troubled Water".[1] The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity, and Simon began a successful solo career, recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years.[2] In 1986, he released Graceland, an album inspired by South African township music. Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony in 1980 and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman in 1998.[3]
Simon has earned 12 Grammys for his solo and collaborative work, including the Lifetime Achievement Award.[4] In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame[5] and in 2006 was selected as one of the "100 People Who Shaped the World" by Time magazine.[6] Among many other honors, Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress' Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007.[7] In 1986 Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees.[8] [9]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early years[link]
Simon was born in Newark, New Jersey. His father, Louis (1916–1995), was a college professor, upright bass player, and dance bandleader who performed under the name "Lee Sims". His mother, Belle (1910–2007), was an elementary school teacher. In 1941, his family moved to Kew Gardens Hills, Queens, in New York City. Donald Fagen has described Simon's childhood as that of "a certain kind of New York Jew, almost a stereotype, really, to whom music and baseball are very important. I think it has to do with the parents. The parents are either immigrants or first-generation Americans who felt like outsiders, and assimilation was the key thought — they gravitated to black music and baseball looking for an alternative culture."[10] Simon, upon hearing Fagen's description, said it "isn't far from the truth."[10] Simon says about his childhood, "I was a ballplayer. I'd go on my bike, and I'd hustle kids in stickball." He adds that his father was a Yankee fan:
I used to listen to games with my father. He was a nice guy. Fun. Funny. Smart. He didn't play with me as much as I played with my kids. He was at work until late at night. . . Sometimes [until] two in the morning."[10]
Simon's musical career began at Forest Hills High School after meeting Art Garfunkel when they were both 11. They performed in a production of Alice in Wonderland for their sixth grade graduation, and began singing together when they were 13,[11] occasionally performing at school dances. Their idols were the Everly Brothers, whom they imitated in their use of close two-part harmony. Simon also developed an interest in jazz, folk and blues, especially in musical legends Woody Guthrie and Lead Belly.
Simon's first song written for himself and Garfunkel, when he was 12 or 13, was called "The Girl for Me," and according to Simon became the "neighborhood hit." His father wrote out the words and chords on paper by hand for the boys to use. That paper became the first officially copyrighted Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel song, and is now in the Library of Congress. In 1957, still in their mid-teens, they recorded the song "Hey, Schoolgirl" under the name Tom and Jerry, given to them by their label Big Records. The single reached No. 49 on the pop charts.
After graduating from high school, Simon majored in English at Queens College, while Garfunkel studied mathematics at Columbia University in Manhattan.[10] Simon was a brother in the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity, earned a degree in English literature, and briefly attended Brooklyn Law School after graduation, but his real passion was rock and roll.
Early career[link]
Between 1957 and 1964, Simon wrote, recorded, and released more than 30 songs, occasionally reuniting with Garfunkel as Tom & Jerry for some singles, including "Our Song" and "That's My Story". Most of the songs Simon recorded during that time were performed alone or with musicians other than Garfunkel. They were released on several minor record labels, such as Amy, Big, Hunt, King, Tribute, and Madison. He used several pseudonyms for these recordings, including Jerry Landis, Paul Kane and True Taylor. Simon enjoyed some moderate success in recording a few singles as part of a group called Tico and the Triumphs, including a song called "Motorcycle" which reached No. 97 on the Billboard charts in 1962. Tico and the Triumphs released four 45s. Marty Cooper, known as Tico, sang lead on several of these releases. A childhood friend, Bobby Susser, children's songwriter, record producer, and performer, co-produced the Tico 45s with Simon. That year, Simon reached No. 99 on the pop charts as Jerry Landis with the hit "The Lone Teen Ranger." Both chart singles were released on Amy Records.
Simon & Garfunkel[link]
Main article: Simon & Garfunkel
In early 1964, Simon and Garfunkel got an audition with Columbia Records, whose executive Clive Davis was impressed enough to sign the duo to a contract to produce an album. Columbia decided that the two would be called simply "Simon & Garfunkel", a replacement for the group's previous name "Tom and Jerry". Simon said in 2003 that this renaming as "Simon & Garfunkel" was the first time that artists' ethnic names had been used in pop music.[12] Simon and Garfunkel's first LP, Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M., was released on October 19, 1964; it consisted of 12 songs in the folk vein, five written by Simon. The album initially flopped.
So Simon moved to England to pursue a solo career by touring folk clubs and coffee houses. At the first club he played, the Railway Inn Folk Club in Brentwood, Essex, he met Kathy Chitty who became his girlfriend and inspiration for "Kathy's Song", "America" and others. He performed at Les Cousins in London and toured provincial folk clubs where he was exposed to a wide range of musical influences. In 1965, he recorded his solo LP The Paul Simon Songbook in England.
During his time in the UK, Simon co-wrote several songs with Bruce Woodley of the Australian pop group The Seekers including "I Wish You Could Be Here," "Cloudy", and "Red Rubber Ball"; Woodley's co-author credit was omitted from "Cloudy" on the Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme album. The American group The Cyrkle recorded a cover of "Red Rubber Ball", which reached No. 2 in the US. Simon also contributed to The Seekers catalogue with "Someday One Day," which was released in March 1966, charting at around the same time as Simon and Garfunkel's Homeward Bound.
Back on the American East Coast, radio stations began receiving requests for one of the Wednesday Morning tracks, Simon's "The Sounds of Silence". Their producer, Tom Wilson, overdubbed the track with electric guitar, bass, and drums, releasing it as a single that eventually went to No. 1 on the U.S. pop charts.[citation needed]
The song's success drew Simon back to the United States to reunite with Garfunkel. Together they recorded four more influential albums: Sounds of Silence; Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme; Bookends; and the hugely successful Bridge over Troubled Water. Simon and Garfunkel also contributed extensively to the soundtrack of the Mike Nichols film The Graduate (1967), starring Dustin Hoffman and Anne Bancroft. While writing "Mrs. Robinson", Simon originally toyed with the title "Mrs. Roosevelt". When Garfunkel reported this indecision over the song's name to the director, Nichols replied, "Don't be ridiculous! We're making a movie here! It's Mrs. Robinson!"[13] Simon and Garfunkel returned to England in the fall of 1968 and did a church concert appearance at Kraft Hall, which was broadcast on the BBC, and which also featured Paul's brother Ed sitting in on a performance of the instrumental "Anji".[14]
Simon pursued solo projects after Bridge over Troubled Water, reuniting occasionally with Garfunkel for various projects, such as their 1975 Top Ten single "My Little Town". Simon had written it for Garfunkel, whose solo output Simon judged as lacking "bite". The song was included on their respective solo albums: Paul Simon's Still Crazy After All These Years; and Garfunkel's Breakaway. Contrary to popular belief, the song is not autobiographical of Simon's early life in New York City.[15] In 1981, they got together again for the famous concert in Central Park, followed by a world tour and an aborted reunion album, to have been entitled Think Too Much, which was eventually released (without Garfunkel) as Hearts and Bones. Together, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.[16]
In 2003, Simon and Garfunkel reunited once again when they received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. This reunion led to a U.S. tour — the acclaimed "Old Friends" concert series — followed by a 2004 international encore, which culminated in a free concert at the Colosseum in Rome that drew 600,000 people.[17] In 2005, the pair sang "Bridge Over Troubled Water" with Aaron Neville in a benefit for Hurricane Katrina victims.[citation needed]
The pair reunited six years later in New Orleans at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.[18]
1971–76[link]
After Simon and Garfunkel split in 1970, Simon began to write and record solo material. His eponymous album Paul Simon was released in January 1972, preceded by his first experiment with world music, the Jamaican-inspired "Mother and Child Reunion", considered one of the first examples of reggae attempted by a white musician. The single was a hit, reaching both the American and British Top 5. The album received universal acclaim, with critics praising the variety of styles and the confessional lyrics, reaching No. 4 in the US and No. 1 in the UK and Japan. It later spawned another Top 30 hit with "Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard".
Simon's next project was the pop-folk masterpiece, There Goes Rhymin' Simon, released in May 1973. It contained some of his most popular and polished recordings – the lead single, "Kodachrome", was a No. 2 hit in America, and the follow-up, the gospel-flavored "Loves Me Like a Rock" was even bigger, topping the Cashbox charts. Other songs, like the weary "American Tune" or the melancholic "Something So Right" – a tribute to Simon's first wife, Peggy – became standards in the musician's catalogue. The critical and commercial reception for this second album were even stronger than for his debut. At the time, it was remarked how the songs were very fresh and unworried on the surface while they were exploring socially and politically conscious themes on a deeper level.[citation needed] The album reached No. 1 on the Cashbox album charts. As a souvenir for the tour that came next, in 1974 it was released as a live album, Live Rhymin', which was moderately successful and displayed some changes in Simon's music style, adopting world and religious music.
Highly anticipated, Still Crazy After All These Years was his next album. Released in October 1975 and produced by Simon and Phil Ramone, it marked another departure. The mood of the album was darker, as he wrote and recorded it in the wake of his divorce. Preceded by the feel-good duet with Phoebe Snow, "Gone at Last" (a Top 25 hit) and the Simon & Garfunkel reunion track "My Little Town" (a No. 9 on Billboard), the album managed to be his only No. 1 on the Billboard charts to date. The 18th Grammy Awards named it the Album of the Year and Simon's performance the year's Best Male Pop Vocal. With Simon in the forefront of popular music, the third single from the album, "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" reached the top spot of the Billboard charts, his only single to reach No. 1 on this list. Also, on May 3, 1976, Simon put together a benefit show at Madison Square Garden to raise money for the New York Public Library. Phoebe Snow, Jimmy Cliff and the Brecker Brothers also performed. The concert produced over $30,000 for the Library.
1977–85[link]
After three back-to-back successful studio albums, Simon became less productive during the second half of the 1970s. He dabbled in various projects, including writing music for the film Shampoo and acting (he was cast as Tony Lacey in Woody Allen's film Annie Hall). He achieved another hit in this decade, with the lead single of his 1977 compilation, Greatest Hits, Etc., "Slip Slidin' Away", reaching No. 5 in the United States.
In 1980 he released One-Trick Pony, his debut album with Warner Bros. Records and his first in almost five years. It was paired with the motion picture of the same name, which Simon wrote and starred in. Although it produced his last Top 10 hit with the upbeat "Late in the Evening" (also a No. 1 hit on the Radio & Records American charts), the album did not sell well, in a music market dominated by disco music. Simon recorded Hearts and Bones, a polished and confessional album that was eventually viewed as one of his best works, but that marked a lull in his commercial popularity; both the album and the lead single, "Allergies", missed the American Top 40. Hearts and Bones included "The Late Great Johnny Ace", a song partly about Johnny Ace, an American R&B singer, and partly about slain Beatle John Lennon. A successful US solo tour featured Simon and his guitar, with a recording of the rhythm track and horns for "Late In The Evening."[citation needed] In January 1985, Simon lent his talent to USA for Africa and performed on the relief fundraising single "We Are the World".
1986–92[link]
As he commented years later, after the disappointing commercial performance of Hearts and Bones, Simon felt he had lost his inspiration to a point of no return, and that his commercial fortunes were unlikely to change. While driving his car in late 1984 in this state of frustration, Simon listened to a cassette of the Boyoyo Boys' instrumental "Gumboots: Accordion Jive Volume II". Interested by the unusual sound, he wrote lyrics to the number which he sang over a re-recording of the song. It was the first composition of a new musical project that became the celebrated album Graceland, an eclectic mixture of musical styles including pop, a cappella, isicathamiya, rock, and mbaqanga. Simon felt that he had nothing to lose. He travelled to South Africa in an attempt to embrace the culture and find the most comfortable environment for recording the album. Sessions in Johannesburg took place in February 1985. Overdubbing and additional recording was done in April, 1986, in New York. The sessions featured many South African musicians and groups, particularly Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Simon also collaborated with several artists of his own culture, singing a memorable duet with Linda Ronstadt in "Under African Skies", and playing with Los Lobos in "All Around the World or The Myth of the Fingerprints". Warner Bros. Records had serious doubts about releasing an album of this eclecticism to the mainstream, but when it did in August 1986, Graceland was praised by critics and the public and became Simon's most successful solo album. Slowly climbing the worldwide charts, it reached #1 in many countries, including the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and peaked at #3 in the US. It was the second-best-selling album of 1987 in the US, selling five million copies and eventually reaching 5x Platinum certification. Another seven million copies were sold internationally to become his best-selling album. Much of the success of the album was due to the lead single, the upbeat "You Can Call Me Al", whose lyrics describe a man experiencing an identity crisis. The track featured many memorable elements – a catchy synthesizer riff, an easy whistle solo, and an unusual bass run in which the second half was a reversed recording of the first half. "You Can Call Me Al" was accompanied with a humorous video featuring actor Chevy Chase, which introduced Simon to a new audience through MTV. In the end, the track reached UK Top 5 and the US Top 25. Further singles, including the title track, "The Boy in the Bubble" and "Diamonds on the Soles of Her Shoes", were not commercial hits but became radio standards and were highly praised.
At age 45, Simon found himself back at the forefront of popular music. He received the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1987 and also Grammy Award for Record of the Year for the title track one year later. He also embarked on the very successful Graceland Tour, which was documented on music video. Simon found himself embracing new sounds, a fact that some critics viewed negatively – however, Simon reportedly felt it as a very natural artistic experiment, considering that "world music" was already present on much of his early work, including such Simon & Garfunkel hits as "El Condor Pasa" and his early solo recording "Mother and Child Reunion", which was recorded in Kingston, Jamaica. One way or another, Warner Bros. Records (who by this time now controlled and reissued all his previous Columbia albums) re-established Simon as one of their most successful artists. In an attempt to capitalize on his renewed success, WB Records released the album Negotiations and Love Songs in November 1988, a mixture of popular hits and personal favorites that covered Simon's entire career and became an enduring seller in his catalog.
After Graceland, Simon decided to extend his roots with the Brazilian music-flavored The Rhythm of the Saints. Sessions for the album began in December 1989, and took place in Rio de Janeiro and New York, featuring guitarist J. J. Cale and many Brazilian and African musicians. The tone of the album was more introspective and relatively low-key compared to the mostly upbeat numbers of Graceland. Released on October 1990, the album received excellent critical reviews and achieved very respectable sales, peaking at #4 in the US and No. 1 in the UK. The lead single, "The Obvious Child", featuring the Grupo Cultural Olodum, was a Top 20 hit in the UK and appeared near the bottom of the Billboard Hot 100. Although not as successful as Graceland, The Rhythm of the Saints was received as a competent successor and consistent complement on Simon's attempts to explore (and popularize) world music, and also received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. Here are also more songs about past loves; his ex-wife Carrie Fisher says in her autobiography Wishful Drinking that the song "She Moves On" is about her. It's one of several she claims, followed by the line, "If you can get Paul Simon to write a song about you, do it. Because he is so brilliant at it." [19]
The importance of both albums allowed Simon to stage another New York concert, and on August 15, 1991, almost a decade after his concert with Garfunkel, Simon staged another concert in Central Park with both African and South American bands. The success of the concert surpassed all expectations, and reportedly over 750,000 people attended, becoming one of the largest concert audiences in history. He later remembered the concert as the "most memorable moment in my career". The success of the show led to both a live album and an Emmy-winning TV special. In the middle, Simon embarked on the successful Born at the Right Time Tour and promoted the album with further singles, including "Proof" – accompanied with a humorous video featuring, again, Chevy Chase. On March 4, 1992 he appeared on his own MTV Unplugged, offering renditions of many of his most famous compositions. Broadcast in June, the show was a success, though it did not receive an album release.
1993–98[link]
After Unplugged, Simon's place in the forefront of popular music dropped notably. A Simon & Garfunkel reunion took place in 1993, and in another attempt to capitalize on the occasion, Columbia released Paul Simon 1964/1993 in September, a three-disc compilation that received a reduced version on the two-disc album The Paul Simon Anthology one month later. In 1995 he only made news for appearing at The Oprah Winfrey Show, where he performed the song "Ten Years", which he composed specially for the tenth anniversary of the show. Also that year, he was featured on the Annie Lennox version of his 1973 song "Something So Right", which appeared briefly on the UK Top 50 once it was released as a single in November.
Since the early stages of the nineties, Simon was fully involved on The Capeman, a musical that finally opened on January 29, 1998. Simon worked enthusiastically on the project for many years and described it as "a New York Puerto Rican story based on events that happened in 1959—events that I remembered." [20] The musical tells the story of real-life Puerto Rican youth Salvador Agron, who wore a cape while committing two murders in 1959 New York, and who went on to become a writer in prison. Featuring Marc Anthony as the young Agron and Ruben Blades as the older Agron, the play received terrible reviews and very poor box office receipts from the very beginning, and ended up closing on March 28 after just 68 performances, becoming a failure from which Simon reportedly lost 11 million dollars. Simon recorded an album of songs from the show, which was released in November 1997. It was received with very mixed reviews, though many critics praised the combination of doo-wop, rockabilly and Caribbean music that the album reflected. In commercial terms, Songs from The Capeman was a failure—it found Simon missing the Top 40 of the Billboard charts for the first time in his career. The cast album was never released on CD but eventually became available online.
1999–2007[link]
After the disaster of The Capeman, Simon's career was again in an unexpected crisis. However, entering the new millennium he maintained a respectable reputation, offering critically acclaimed new material and receiving commercial attention. In 1999, Simon embarked on a North American tour with Bob Dylan where each alternated as headline act with a "middle" section where they performed together, starting on the first of June and ending September 18. The collaboration was generally well-received, with just one critic, Seth Rogovoy, from the Berkshire Eagle, questioning the collaboration.[21]
In an attempt to return successfully to the music market, Simon wrote and recorded a new album very quickly, with You're the One arriving in October 2000. The album consisted mostly of folk-pop writing combined with foreign musical sounds, particularly grooves from North Africa. While not reaching the commercial heights of previous albums, it managed at least to reach both the British and American Top 20. It received favorable reviews and received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. He toured extensively for the album, and one performance in Paris was released to home video.
On September 21, 2001, Simon sang "Bridge Over Troubled Water" on "America: A Tribute to Heroes", a multinetwork broadcast to benefit the September 11 Telethon Fund. In 2002, he wrote and recorded "Father and Daughter", the theme song for the animated children's movie The Wild Thornberrys Movie, The track was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song. In 2003, he participated on another Simon & Garfunkel reunion. One year later, Simon's studio albums were re-released both individually and together in a limited-edition nine-CD boxed set, Paul Simon: The Studio Recordings 1972–2000.
At the time, Simon was already working on a new album with Brian Eno called Surprise, which was released in May 2006. Most of the album was inspired by the September 11 terrorist attacks, the Iraq invasion and the war that followed. In personal terms, Simon was also inspired by the fact of being over 60 years old, an age that he turned in 2001 and that he humorously referred already on his single "Old" from the You're the One. Simon showed special care about the musical venture he traveled since 1986's Graceland. As he put it, "Once you go away for a bit, you wonder who people think you are. If they don't know what you're up to, they just go by your history. I'm so often described as this person that went to other cultures, which is true, but I never thought of it that way. I suspect people are thinking, 'What culture did you go to?' But this record is straight-ahead American." Surprise was a commercial hit, reaching #14 in the Billboard 200 and #4 in the UK. Most critics also praised the album, and many of them called it a real "comeback" for the artist. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic paid attention to the attempts of Simon in embracing his classic folk sound with Eno's electronic textures, and wrote that "Simon doesn't achieve his comeback by reconnecting with the sound and spirit of his classic work; he has achieved it by being as restless and ambitious as he was at his popular and creative peak, which makes Surprise all the more remarkable." The album was supported with the successful Surprise Tour.
On March 1, 2007, Simon made headlines again when he was announced as the first recipient of the recently-created Gershwin Prize for Popular Song. The Prize, created by the Library of Congress, was awarded to Simon during a Concert Gala featuring his music at the Warner Theatre in Washington, D.C., on the evening of May 23. The event was nationally broadcast on PBS on the evening of June 27, 2007.[22] Performers at the concert included Shawn Colvin, Philip Glass, Alison Krauss, Jerry Douglas, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Lyle Lovett, James Taylor, and Stevie Wonder as well as Simon's former collaborator Art Garfunkel.[23] On June 26, Warner Bros. released the definitive Paul Simon greatest-hits collection. The Essential Paul Simon consisted of two discs that reviewed 36 songs from his ten studio albums, and was also released on a special edition featuring a DVD of music videos and memorable live performances. The album was a commercial hit, reaching #12 in the UK.
2008–12[link]
Paul Simon resides in New Canaan, Connecticut.[24] He is one of a small number of performers who are named as the copyright owner on their recordings (most records have the recording company as the named owner of the recording). This noteworthy development was spearheaded by the Bee Gees after their successful $200 million lawsuit against RSO Records, which remains to this day the largest successful lawsuit against a record company by an artist or group.
All of Simon's solo recordings, even the ones originally issued by Columbia Records, are currently distributed by Sony Records' Legacy Recordings unit. His records were issued by Warner Music until mid-2010.[25]
In February 2009, Simon performed back-to-back shows in his native New York City at the Beacon Theatre, which had recently been renovated. Simon was reunited with Art Garfunkel at the first show as well as with the cast of The Capeman; also playing in the band was Graceland bassist Bakithi Kumalo.
In May 2009, Simon toured with Art Garfunkel in Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
In October 2009, Simon appeared alongside Art Garfunkel at the 25th Anniversary of The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The pair performed four of their most popular songs, "The Sound of Silence", "The Boxer", "Cecilia", and "Bridge Over Troubled Water".
In mid-2010, Simon moved his catalogue of solo work from Warner Bros. Records to Sony/Columbia Records [25] where Simon and Garfunkel's catalogue is. Simon's back catalogue of solo recordings would be marketed by Sony Music's Legacy Recordings unit.
Simon's latest album entitled So Beautiful or So What,[26] was released on the Concord Music Group label on April 12, 2011.[27] The album received high marks from the artist, "It's the best work I've done in 20 years."[25] It was reported that Paul Simon attempted to have Bob Dylan guest on the album.[25]
On November 10, 2010, Simon released a new song called "Getting Ready for Christmas Day". It premiered on National Public Radio,[28] and was included on the album So Beautiful Or So What. The song samples a 1941 sermon by the Rev. J.M. Gates, also entitled "Getting Ready for Christmas Day".[29] Simon performed the song live on The Colbert Report on December 16, 2010.[30] The first video featured J.M. Gates' giving the sermon and his church in 2010 with its display board showing many of Simon's lyrics; the second video illustrates the song with cartoon images.
In the premiere show of the final season of The Oprah Winfrey Show on September 10, 2010, Simon surprised Oprah and the audience with a song dedicated to Oprah and her show lasting 25 years (an update of a song he did for her show's 10th anniversary).[31]
Rounding off his 2011 World Tour, which included United States, England, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany, Simon appeared at Ramat Gan Stadium in Israel in July 2011, making his first concert appearance in Israel since 1983.[32] On September 11, 2011, Paul Simon performed "The Sound of Silence" at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, site of the World Trade Center, on the 10th Anniversary of the September 11th attacks. [33]
On February 26, 2012, Simon paid tribute to fellow musicians Chuck Berry and Leonard Cohen who were the recipients of the first annual PEN Awards for songwriting excellence at the JFK Presidential Library in Boston, Massachusetts.[34] In 1986 Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees.[35] [36]
Songwriting[link]
In an indepth interview with American Songwriter, Simon discusses the craft of songwriting with music Journalist, Tom Moon. In the interview, Simon explains the basic themes in his songwriting: love, family, social commentary etc. as well as the overarching messages of religion, spirituality, and God in his lyrics. Simon goes on in the interview to explain the process of how he goes about writing songs, "The music always precedes the words. The words often come from the sound of the music and eventually evolve into coherent thoughts. Or incoherent thoughts. Rhythm plays a crucial part in the lyric-making as well. It’s like a puzzle to find the right words to express what the music is saying."[37]
Projects[link]
Music for Broadway[link]
In the late 1990s, Simon wrote and produced a Broadway musical called The Capeman, which lost $11 million during its 1998 run. In April 2008, the Brooklyn Academy of Music celebrated Paul Simon's works, and dedicated a week to Songs From the Capeman with a good portion of the show's songs performed by a cast of singers and the Spanish Harlem Orchestra. Simon himself appeared during the BAM shows, performing "Trailways Bus" and "Late In the Evening". In August 2010, The Capeman was staged for three nights in the Delacorte Theatre in New York's Central Park. The production was directed by Diane Paulus and produced in conjunction with The Public Theatre.[38]
Film and television[link]
Simon has also dabbled in acting. He played music producer Tony Lacey in the 1977 Woody Allen film Annie Hall, and wrote and starred in 1980's One Trick Pony as Jonah Levin, a journeyman rock and roller. Simon also wrote all the songs in the film. Paul Simon also appeared on The Muppet Show (the only episode to use only the songs of one songwriter, Simon). In 1990, he played the character of—appropriately enough—Simple Simon on the Disney channel TV movie, Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme.
Simon has also appeared on Saturday Night Live (SNL) either as host or musical guest for a total of 13 times. On one appearance in the late 1980s, he worked with his political namesake, Illinois Senator Paul Simon.[39] Simon's most recent SNL appearance was on the February 18, 2012 episode hosted by Maya Rudolph.
In one SNL skit from 1986 (when he was promoting Graceland), Simon plays himself, waiting in line with a friend to get into a movie. He amazes his friend by remembering intricate details about prior meetings with passers-by, but draws a complete blank when approached by Art Garfunkel, despite the latter's numerous memory prompts.
Simon also appeared alongside George Harrison as musical guest on the Thanksgiving Day episode of SNL (November 20, 1976). The two performed "Here Comes the Sun" and "Homeward Bound"" together, while Simon performed "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" solo earlier in the show. On that episode, Simon opened the show performing "Still Crazy After All These Years" in a turkey outfit, since Thanksgiving was the following week. About halfway through the song, Simon tells the band to stop playing because of his embarrassment. After giving a frustrating speech to the audience, he leaves the stage, backed by applause. Lorne Michaels positively greets him backstage, but Simon is still upset, yelling at him because of the humiliating turkey outfit. This is one of SNL's most played sketches.
On September 29, 2001, Simon made a special appearance on the first SNL to air after the September 11, 2001 attacks. On that show, he performed "The Boxer" to the audience and the NYC firefighters and police officers. He is also friends with former SNL star Chevy Chase, who appeared in his video for "You Can Call Me Al" lip synching the song while Simon looks disgruntled and mimes backing vocals and the playing of various instruments beside him. He is a close friend of SNL producer Lorne Michaels, who produced the 1977 TV show The Paul Simon Special, as well as the Simon and Garfunkel concert in Central Park four years later. Simon and Lorne Michaels were the subjects of a 2006 episode of the Sundance channel documentary series, Iconoclasts.
He has been the subject of two films by Jeremy Marre, the first on Graceland, the second on The Capeman.
On November 18, 2008, Simon was a guest on The Colbert Report promoting his book Lyrics 1964–2008. He did an interview with Stephen Colbert and then performed "American Tune".
Simon performed a Stevie Wonder song at the White House in 2009, at an event honoring Wonder's musical career and contributions.
In May 2009, The Library of Congress: Paul Simon and Friends Live Concert was released on DVD, via Shout! Factory. The PBS concert was recorded in 2007.
In April 2011 Simon was confirmed to appear at the Glastonbury music festival in England.
Awards and honors[link]
Simon won 12 Grammy Awards (one of them a Lifetime Achievement Award) and five Grammy nominations, the most recent for his album You're the One in 2001. In 1998 he received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award for the Simon & Garfunkel album Bridge over Troubled Water. He received an Oscar nomination for the song "Father and Daughter" in 2002. He is also a two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; as a solo artist in 2001, and in 1990 as half of Simon & Garfunkel.
In 2001, Simon was honored as MusiCares Person Of The Year. The following year, he was one of the five recipients of the annual Kennedy Center Honors, the nation's highest tribute to performing and cultural artists.
In 2005, Simon was saluted as a BMI Icon at the 53rd Annual BMI Pop Awards. Simon's songwriting catalog has earned 39 BMI Awards including multiple citations for "Bridge Over Troubled Water," "Mrs. Robinson," "Scarborough Fair" and "The Sound of Silence". As of 2005, he has amassed nearly 75 million broadcast airplays, according to BMI surveys.[40]
In 2006, Simon was selected by Time Magazine as one of the "100 People Who Shaped the World."
In 2007, Simon received the first annual Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007. Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney were to follow in 2009 and 2010. Named in honor of George and Ira Gershwin, this newly created award recognizes the profound and positive effect of popular music on the world’s culture. Upon being notified of receiving this honor, Simon said, “I am grateful to be the recipient of the Gershwin Prize and doubly honored to be the first. I look forward to spending an evening in the company of artists I admire at the award ceremony in May. I can think of a few who have expressed my words and music far better than I. I’m excited at the prospect of that happening again. It’s a songwriter’s dream come true." Among the performers who paid tribute to Simon were Stevie Wonder, Alison Krauss, Jerry Douglas, Lyle Lovett, James Taylor, Dianne Reeves, Marc Anthony, Yolanda Adams, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo. The event was professionally filmed and broadcast and is now available as Paul Simon and Friends.
In 2010, Simon received an honorary degree from Brandeis University, where he performed "The Boxer" at the main commencement ceremony.
In October 2011, Simon was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Science. At the induction ceremony, he performed "American Tune".
Personal life[link]
When Simon moved to England in 1964 he met Kathleen Mary "Kathy" Chitty (born 1947) on 12 April 1964 at the very first English folk club he played, the Railway Inn Folk Club in Brentwood, Essex, where Chitty was working part-time selling tickets. She was 17, he was 22 and they fell in love. Later that year they visited the US together, touring around mainly by bus.[41] Kathy returned to England on her own with Simon returning to her some weeks later. When Simon returned to the US with the growing success of "The Sound of Silence" Kathy (who was quite shy[42]) wanted no part of the success and fame that awaited Simon and they split up.[43] She is mentioned by name in at least two of his songs: "Kathy's Song" and "America," and is referred to in "Homeward Bound" and "The Late Great Johnny Ace." There is a photo of Simon and Kathy on the cover of The Paul Simon Song Book.
Simon has been married three times, first to Peggy Harper in late autumn 1969. They had a son, Harper Simon, in 1972 and divorced in 1975. The song "Train in the Distance," from Simon's 1983 album, is about this relationship.[44] Simon's 1972 song "Run That Body Down," from his debut solo album, casually mentions both himself and his then-wife ("Peg") by name.
His second marriage, from 1983 to 1984, was to actress and author Carrie Fisher to whom he proposed after a New York Yankees game.[44] The song "Hearts and Bones" was written about this relationship. The song "Graceland" is also thought to be about seeking solace from the end of this relationship by taking a road trip.[45] A year after divorcing, Simon and Fisher resumed their relationship for several years.
He married folk singer Edie Brickell on May 30, 1992. They have three children together, Adrian, Lulu, and Gabriel.[46]
Philanthropy[link]
Simon is a proponent of music education for children. In 1970, after recording his "Bridge Over Troubled Water," at the invitation of the NYU School of the Arts, Simon held auditions for a young songwriter's workshop. Advertised in the Village Voice, the auditions brought hundreds of hopefuls to perform for Simon. Among the six teenage songwriters Simon selected for tutelage were Melissa Manchester, Tommy Mandel and rock/beat poet Joe Linus, with Maggie and Terre Roche (the Roche Sisters), who later sang back-up for Simon, joining the workshop in progress through an impromptu appearance.
Simon invited the six teens to experience recording at Columbia studios with engineer Roy Halee at the board. During these sessions, Bob Dylan was downstairs recording the album Self-Portrait, which included a version of Simon's "The Boxer". Violinist Isaac Stern also visited the group with a CBS film crew, speaking to the young musicians about lyrics and music after Joe Linus performed his song "Circus Lion" for Stern.
Manchester later paid homage to Simon, on her recorded song, "Ode to Paul." Other younger musicians Simon has mentored include Nick Laird-Clowes, who later co-founded the band The Dream Academy. Laird-Clowes has credited Simon with helping to shape the band's biggest hit, "Life In A Northern Town".[47]
In 2003, Simon signed on as an official supporter of Little Kids Rock, a nonprofit organization that provides free musical instruments and free lessons to children in public schools throughout the US. He sits on the organization's board of directors as an honorary member.
Simon is also a major benefactor and one of the co-founders, with Dr. Irwin Redlener, of the Children's Health Project and The Children's Health Fund[48][49] which started by creating specially equipped "buses" to take medical care to children in medically underserved areas, urban and rural. Their first bus was in the impoverished South Bronx of New York City, but they now operate in 12 states, including on the Gulf Coast. It has expanded greatly, partnering with major hospitals, local public schools and medical schools and advocating policy for children's health and medical care.
In May 2012, Paul Simon performed at a benefit dinner for the Turkana Basin Institute in New York City, raising more than $2 million for Richard Leakey's research institute in Africa.[50]
Controversy[link]
In 1971, as a jury-member of the Rio de Janeiro song contest, Simon gave no points to the 15-year-old Marianne Rosenberg, an ethnic Sinti (Gypsy) and child of an Auschwitz survivor (which Simon may not have known), because she represented Germany.[51]
Guitars[link]
- Martin Paul Simon Signature PS2
- Martin Paul Simon Signature OM42
- Martin D-28 Acoustic
- Martin D-42 6/12 String Acoustics
- Ovation Custom Legend[52]
- Yamaha Paul Simon Signature Model Acoustic
- Yamaha FG700S
- Yamaha FG730S
- Yamaha FX300C
- Yamaha F30BL
- Yamaha F40BL
- Yamaha GCX31C
- Taylor PS10
- Taylor 114
- Taylor 210
- Taylor 214
- Takamine TC132SC Classical
- Fender Stratocaster
- Fender Jaguar
- Fender Acoustic Guitars
Gear[link]
Discography[link]
Main article: Paul Simon discography
Number-one albums
- 1972 – Paul Simon (UK, Japan, Norway)
- 1973 – There Goes Rhymin' Simon (US Cashbox)
- 1975 – Still Crazy After All These Years (US)
- 1986 – Graceland (UK, Australia, Canada, Switzerland)
- 1990 – The Rhythm of the Saints (UK)
See also: Simon & Garfunkel discography
Work on Broadway[link]
- Rock 'N Roll! The First 5,000 Years (1982) – revue – featured songwriter for Mrs. Robinson
- Asinamali! (1987) – play – co-producer
- Mike Nichols and Elaine May: Together Again on Broadway (1992) – concert – performer
- The Capeman (1998) – composer, co-lyricist and music arranger – Tony Nomination for Best Original Score
- The Graduate (2002) – play – featured songwriter
See also[link]
- List of songs written by Paul Simon
- Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=PgGqNrqfrsoC&pg=PT12&dq=billboard#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
References[link]
- ^ Bronson p. 428
- ^ "Episodes: Paul Simon". American Masters. Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/paul-simon/about-paul-simon/705/. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Paul Simon: Biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p5433/biography. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
- ^ "Grammy Award Winners". Grammy.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20091209065656/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ "Biography and Timeline: Paul Simon". Inductees. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/paul-simon.
- ^ Tyrangiel, Josh (2006-05-08). "Paul Simon". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1975813_1975847_1976759,00.html. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ^ "Paul Simon: The Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song". Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/previews/paulsimon/. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ Hochschild, Rob. "Honorary Doctorate Recipients". http://www.berklee.edu/about/honorary.html. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Board of Trustees". http://www.berklee.edu/bios/trustees/. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d Dawidoff, Nicholas. "Paul Simons' Restless Journey," Rolling Stone, May 12, 2011 pp. 54–63
- ^ Old Friends: Live on Stage live concert DVD and CD, the spoken introduction to "Hey Schoolgirl".
- ^ Paul Simon, Speech given upon induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, OH, 2003.
- ^ David Fricke, in the leaflet accompaniment to the Simon and Garfunkel 1997 album "Old Friends"
- ^ "Simon & Garfunkel – Kraft Music Hall 1968 Part 2 of 3". YouTube. 1968-01-03. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E21lzfpt8Dg&feature=related. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "The Boy in the Bubble" by Patrick Humphries, page 96.
- ^ "Biography and Timeline: Paul Simon". Inductees. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/paul-simon.
- ^ "Paul Simon News on Yahoo! Music". Music.yahoo.com. 2004-07-31. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110604141711/http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12175339. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ John McCusker, The Times-Picayune. "The sun shined at New Orleans Jazz Fest, even if Simon and Garfunkel's harmonies didn't". NOLA.com. http://www.nola.com/jazzfest/index.ssf/2010/04/simon_and_garfunkel.html. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Wishful Drinking – Google Books. Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=o5L4qkuXdZQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=wishful+drinking&source=bl&ots=SUO-OBLD7F&sig=p48Rn2RDpLr9RlWXzqWgeLEufOY&hl=en&ei=-WNjTLviPMT48Aap_djaCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CDoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=paul%20simon&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "whizzo.ca". whizzo.ca. http://www.whizzo.ca/simon/simon94_99.html. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ^ "Bob Dylan and Paul Simon: A mismatch made in heaven? by Seth Rogovoy". Berkshireweb.com. http://www.berkshireweb.com/rogovoy/interviews/dylan716.html. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Public Affairs Office (2007-07-02). "Paul Simon To Be Awarded First Annual Gershwin Prize for Popular Song by Library of Congress". Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-010.html. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
- ^ Public Affairs Office (2007-04-23). "Star-Studded Lineup Confirmed for Library of Congress Concert Honoring Gershwin Prize Recipient Paul Simon". Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-085.html. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ Lorentzen, Amy, "Simon campaigns in Iowa for Dodd," Associated Press news article as printed in The Advocate of Stamford, Connecticut, with the words "Simon, who lives in New Canaan" added by editors at The Advocate – the words are not found in other versions of the article printed elsewhere, July 7, 2007
- ^ a b c d "Paul Simon May Record with Bob Dylan, Taking Catalog Back to Sony". Showbiz411. 2010-03-31. http://www.showbiz411.com/2010/06/01/paul-simon-may-record-with-bob-dylan-taking-catalog-back-to-sony. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Simon, Paul (October 27, 2010). "Book Review – Finishing The Hat – By Stephen Sondheim". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/books/review/Simon-t.html?_r=2.
- ^ "Paul Simon, catalog and track list". Concordmusicgroup.com. 2011-04-12. http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/albums/So-Beautiful-Or-So-What/. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Boilen, Bob (2010-11-16). "Premiere: New Music From Paul Simon : All Songs Considered Blog". NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/allsongs/2010/11/15/131334776/paul-simon-s-new-christmas-song. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "Includes complete recording of "Getting Ready for Christmas Day"". Oldweirdamerica.wordpress.com. 2010-11-06. http://oldweirdamerica.wordpress.com/2010/11/06/42-43-must-be-born-again-and-oh-death-where-is-thy-sting-by-rev-j-m-gates/. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "Live performance by Paul Simon on The Colbert Report". Colbertnation.com. 2011-07-11. http://www.colbertnation.com/full-episodes/thu-december-16-2010-amy-sedaris--paul-simon. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "Paul Simon Surprise Oprah with a Special Performance – Video". Oprah.com. 2010-09-13. http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/Paul-Simon-Surprise-Oprah-with-a-Special-Performance-Video. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ [http://www.paulsimon.com/news/paul-simon-concert-tour-starts-april-15th "Paul Simon Concert Tour Starts April 15th.
- ^ | The Official Paul Simon Site"]. Paulsimon.com. http://www.paulsimon.com/news/paul-simon-concert-tour-starts-april-15th. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ^ Shanahan, Mark; Goldstein, Beth (February 26, 2012). "Leonard Cohen and Chuck Berry celebrated at the JFK Library". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/Boston/names/2012/02/leonard-cohen-and-chuck-berry-celebrated-the-jfk-library/pme86jnpLDKP4XYIMJi3XN/index.html. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Hochschild, Rob. "Honorary Degree Recipients". http://www.berklee.edu/about/honorary.html. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Berklee Board of Trustees". http://www.berklee.edu/bios/trustees/. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Error: no
|title=specified when using {{Cite web}}". Interview: Paul Simon Discusses Songwriter And Songwriting. American Songwriter. http://www.americansongwriter.com/2011/10/interview-paul-simon-discusses-songwriter-and-songwriting/. Retrieved 1 June 2012. - ^ The New York Times" 'Capeman' Outdoors, Starring the City"
- ^ Former Sen. Paul Simon Dies Fox News
- ^ "3 Doors Down, Lil Jon, EMI Top BMI Pop Awards; Paul Simon Honored as Icon". bmi.com. http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/234450. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ Laura Jackson, Paul Simon: The Definitive Biography (Citadel Press, 2004), ISBN 978-0-8065-2539-6, p.65
- ^ Laura Jackson, Paul Simon: The Definitive Biography (Citadel Press, 2004), ISBN 978-0-8065-2539-6, p.58
- ^ Laura Jackson, Paul Simon: The Definitive Biography (Citadel Press, 2004), ISBN 978-0-8065-2539-6, p.95
- ^ a b The open Paul Simon biography
- ^ Miller, Michael (April 13, 2012). "Carrie Fisher: Self-acceptance run wild". Toledo Free Press. http://www.toledofreepress.com/2012/04/13/fisher-takes-audience-on-journey-of-%E2%80%98wishful-drinking%E2%80%99/. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
- ^ "Celebrity daddies 2010". Today. msnbc. 2011-01-03. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/37336500/displaymode/1247?beginSlide=34.
- ^ "at". Theacf.com. http://theacf.com/dreamac/article_latimes86.html. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "CHF – The Children's Health Fund". Childrenshealthfund.org. http://www.childrenshealthfund.org/. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "Mobile health units bring medical care to homeless". Lubbockonline.com. http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/052597/mobile.htm. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ http://news.yahoo.com/scientist-evolution-debate-soon-history-155252505.html
- ^ Vom Schlagersternchen zum Szenestar Die Welt, 13 September 2006 (German)
Die Sängerin Marianne Rosenberg.. Der Spiegel, 28 February 2011 (German)
Ich blieb immer fremd Die Zeit, 8 September 2006 (German) - ^ For the Simon & Garfunkle reunion concert in Central Park (Carter 1996, p. 71):
Carter, Walter (1996). Eiche, Jon. ed. The history of the Ovation guitar. Musical Instruments Series (first ed.). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 1–128. ISBN 978-0-7935-5876-6, ISBN 0-7935-5876-X (softcover), ISBN 0-7935-5948-0 (hardcover). HL00330187.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Paul Simon |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Simon, Paul |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | October 13, 1941 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Paul_Simon
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Paul Simon
http://cs.wn.com/Paul Simon
http://id.wn.com/Paul Simon
http://es.wn.com/Paul Simon
http://ru.wn.com/Саймон, Пол
http://nl.wn.com/Paul Simon (artiest)
http://pl.wn.com/Paul Simon
http://fr.wn.com/Paul Simon (chanteur)
http://de.wn.com/Paul Simon
http://pt.wn.com/Paul Simon
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Simon
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (September 2010) |
| Rupert Sheldrake | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1942-06-28) 28 June 1942 (age 69) Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire |
| Education | M.A. (Cantab), Ph.D. |
| Alma mater | University of Cambridge, Harvard University |
| Occupation | Biochemist, parapsychologist, writer |
| Employer | Perrot-Warrick Project, administered by Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Website | |
| www.sheldrake.org | |
Alfred Rupert Sheldrake[1] (born 28 June 1942) is an English scientist and author. He is known for having proposed a non-genetic account of morphogenesis and for his research into parapsychology. His books and papers stem from his theory of morphic resonance, and cover topics such as animal and plant development and behaviour, memory, telepathy, perception and cognition in general. His publications include A New Science of Life (1981), Seven Experiments That Could Change the World (1995), Dogs That Know When Their Owners Are Coming Home (1999), and The Sense of Being Stared At (2003), The Science Delusion: Freeing the spirit of enquiry (2012).
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life and education[link]
Sheldrake was born in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire to Doris (née Tebbutt)[2] and Reginald Alfred Sheldrake (b.1903),[3][4] a family of Methodists. His father graduated from Nottingham University with a degree in pharmacy,[5] was also an amateur naturalist and microscopist, and encouraged his son's interest in plants and animals.[6]
He attended Worksop College, an Anglican boarding-school, and specialized in science. Sheldrake obtained a scholarship to study Biology at Clare College, Cambridge. He specialized in biochemistry, graduated with double-first-class honours, and won the University Botany Prize.[7] He won a Frank Knox fellowship to study philosophy and history at Harvard University at around the time Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) was published, which he writes informed his view on the extent to which the mechanistic theory of life is just a paradigm. He returned to Cambridge, where he obtained his Ph.D. in biochemistry.[6]
Career[link]
He became a Fellow at Clare College, director of studies in biochemistry and cell biology, and a Research Fellow of the Royal Society. From 1974 to 1985, he worked in Hyderabad, India, where he was Principal Plant Physiologist at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. For a year and a half he lived in the ashram of Bede Griffiths, where he wrote his first book, A New Science of Life.[6][7]
As a biochemist, Sheldrake researched the role of auxin, a plant hormone, in the cellular differentiation of a plant's vascular system. He ended this line of study when he concluded, "The system is circular, it does not explain how [differentiation is] established to start with. After nine years of intensive study, it became clear to me that biochemistry would not solve the problem of why things have the basic shape they do."[8] More recently, drawing on the work of French philosopher Henri Bergson, Sheldrake has proposed that memory is inherent to all organically formed structures and systems. Where Bergson denied that personal memories and habits are stored in brain tissue, Sheldrake goes a step further by arguing that bodily forms and instincts, while expressed through genes, do not have their primary origin in them. Instead, his hypothesis states, the organism develops under the influence of previous similar organisms, by a mechanism he has dubbed morphic resonance.[9]
In September 2005 until 2010, Sheldrake received the Perrott-Warrick Scholarship[10][11] for psychical research and parapsychology, which is administered by Trinity College, Cambridge.[7][12] Sheldrake then took his current position as Academic Director for the Learning and Thinking Program at The Graduate Institute in Bethany, Connecticut.[13]
In April 2008, Sheldrake was stabbed in the leg during a lecture at the La Fonda Hotel in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He was presenting as part of the tenth annual International Conference on Science and Consciousness. Sheldrake has since recovered. The assailant, Japanese born laborer Kazuki Hirano, allegedly stabbed Sheldrake because he believed that Sheldrake was using mind control techniques on him. He had followed Sheldrake to New Mexico from England to purportedly ask him how to block mental telepathy when he stabbed him. Sheldrake fears that if he is released and extradited to Japan, he will continue to stalk him.[14]
Sheldrake has a Methodist background but after a spell as an atheist found himself being drawn back to Christianity when in India, and is now an Anglican.[15]
Sheldrake has made appearances in popular media, both on radio and on television. He was one of the subjects of a six-part documentary series called Heretic, broadcast on BBC 2 in 1994. On May 18, 2009, he appeared on The Museum of Curiosity on BBC Radio 4.
Sheldrake has entered into a scientific wager with fellow biologist Lewis Wolpert on the importance of DNA in the developing organism. Wolpert bet Sheldrake "a case of fine port"[dubious – discuss] that by the First of May 2029, "given the genome of a fertilised egg of an animal or plant, we will be able to predict in at least one case all the details of the organism that develops from it, including any abnormalities." Sheldrake denies that DNA contains a blueprint of morphological development. If the outcome is not obvious, the British Royal Society will be asked to determine the winner.[16][17]
Research[link]
Morphic field[link]
"Morphic field" is a term introduced by Sheldrake. He proposes that there is a field within and around a "morphic unit" which organizes its characteristic structure and pattern of activity.[18] According to Sheldrake, the "morphic field" underlies the formation and behaviour of "holons" and "morphic units", and can be set up by the repetition of similar acts or thoughts. The hypothesis is that a particular form belonging to a certain group, which has already established its (collective) "morphic field", will tune into that "morphic field". The particular form will read the collective information through the process of "morphic resonance", using it to guide its own development. This development of the particular form will then provide, again through "morphic resonance", a feedback to the "morphic field" of that group, thus strengthening it with its own experience, resulting in new information being added (i.e. stored in the database). Sheldrake regards the "morphic fields" as a universal database for both organic (living) and abstract (mental) forms.
That a mode of transmission of shared informational patterns and archetypes might exist did gain some tacit acceptance when it was proposed as the theory of the collective unconscious by renowned psychiatrist Carl Jung. According to Sheldrake, the theory of "morphic fields" might provide an explanation for Jung's concept as well. Also, he agrees that the concept of akashic records, term from Vedas representing the "library" of all the experiences and memories of human minds (souls) through their physical lifetime, can be related to "morphic fields",[19] since one's past (an akashic record) is a mental form, consisting of thoughts as simpler mental forms (all processed by the same brain), and a group of similar or related mental forms also have their associated (collective) "morphic field". (Sheldrake's view on memory-traces is that they are non-local, and not located in the brain.)[20]
Morphic resonance[link]
Essential to Sheldrake's model is the hypothesis of morphic resonance.[21] This is a feedback mechanism between the field and the corresponding forms of morphic units. The greater the degree of similarity, the greater the resonance, leading to habituation or persistence of particular forms. So, the existence of a morphic field makes the existence of a new similar form easier.
Sheldrake proposes that the process of morphic resonance leads to stable morphic fields, which are significantly easier to tune into. He suggests that this is the means by which simpler organic forms synergetically self-organize into more complex ones, and that this model allows a different explanation for the process of evolution itself, as an addition to Darwin's evolutionary processes of selection and variation.
Morphogenetic field[link]
- For the concept in developmental biology, see Morphogenetic field.
Morphogenetic fields are defined by Sheldrake as the subset of morphic fields which influence, and are influenced by living things.
The term [morphic fields] is more general in its meaning than morphogenetic fields, and includes other kinds of organizing fields in addition to those of morphogenesis; the organizing fields of animal and human behaviour, of social and cultural systems, and of mental activity can all be regarded as morphic fields which contain an inherent memory.—Rupert Sheldrake, The Presence of the Past (Chapter 6, page 112)
The term morphogenetic field generally referred to a "collection of cells by whose interactions a particular organ formed"[22] in 1920s and 1930s experimental embryology. "The genetics program of biology was originally in direct opposition to the concept of morphogenetic fields... an alternative to the gene as the unit of ontogeny."[22] Due to the success of genetics, the term fell into widespread disfavor in the 1960s, although it could be still be found in developmental biology literature regarding limb and heart fields. "In such instances, no claims are usually made other than that these areas of mesoderm are destined to form these particular structures".[22] Sheldrake commented on the distinction between his usage and that of the biologist, whom he said uses the term "morphic field" as a heuristic device, which is conceptually distinct from his own use of the term. He says that most biologists regard morphogenetic fields as "a way of thinking about morphogenesis rather than something that really exists."[23]
Books[link]
[edit] A New Science of Life
In his first book, A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Morphic Resonance,[24] Sheldrake proposed that phenomena – particularly biological ones – become more probable the more often they occur, and therefore biological growth and behaviour become guided into patterns laid down by previous similar events. As a result, newly acquired behaviors are subject to inheritance by subsequent generations – a form of Lamarckism.[25] He suggested that this underlies many aspects of science, from evolution to laws of nature. Indeed, he suggested that the laws of nature are mutable habits that have evolved since the Big Bang.
Sheldrake's primary focus in this book is morphogenesis, which includes both embryonic cell differentiation and the development of the embryo as a whole.[26] In chapter 2, "Three Theories of Morphogenesis," Sheldrake states that there are three historical approaches to morphogenesis: materialism (August Weismann), vitalism (Hans Driesch), and organicism (Alfred North Whitehead). Sheldrake describes his own hypothesis as fitting within the third tradition,[27] which rejects a vitalistic principle exclusive to life but also denies that a strictly materialistic explanation will ever account for the holistic nature of organic forms.[28] The next three chapters address form as a general topic, the traditional concept of morphogenetic fields, and the possibility that past forms directly influence current organic activity. He introduces his main idea in chapter 6, "Formative Causation and Morphogenesis" and devotes the remaining chapters to subsidiary topics such as inheritance, behavior, instinct and learning, and so on.
The book was discussed in a variety of scientific and religious publications, receiving mixed reviews.[29] Then in September 1981, Nature published an editorial written by John Maddox, the journal's senior editor, entitled "A book for burning?" In it, Maddox said:
Sheldrake's argument is an exercise in pseudo-science. Many readers will be left with the impression that Sheldrake has succeeded in finding a place for magic within scientific discussion – and this, indeed, may have been a part of the objective of writing such a book.[30]
Maddox's comments raised what Anthony Freeman called "a storm of controversy".[29] The New Scientist inquired whether Nature had abandoned the scientific method for "trial by editorial".[31]
Maddox did not act concerned by the criticism his comments received, and according to Freeman, the "furore that grew out of the assault in Nature put an end to [Sheldrake's] academic career and made him persona non grata in the scientific community."[29] In a 1994 BBC documentary on Sheldrake's theory, Maddox elaborated on his views:
Sheldrake's is not a scientific theory. Sheldrake is putting forward magic instead of science, and that can be condemned, in exactly the language that the Pope used to condemn Galileo, and for the same reasons: it is heresy.[32]
[edit] The Presence of the Past
The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature (1988) puts forward morphic resonance, one aspect of the "formative causation" hypothesis Sheldrake introduced in A New Science of Life, and presents evidence for it.[33]
Sheldrake writes, "Since these past organisms are similar to each other rather than identical, when a subsequent organism comes under their collective influence, its morphogenetic fields are not sharply defined, but consist of a composite of previous similar forms. This process is analogous to composite photography, in which 'average' pictures are produced by superimposing a number of similar images. Morphogenetic fields are 'probability structures,' in which the influence of the most common past types combines to increase the probability that such types will occur again."[34]
In support of his hypothesis, Sheldrake cites replications of William McDougall's experiment with rats in a water maze and Mae-Wan Ho's replication of CH Waddington's experiment with fruit flies, as well as several psychology experiments involving human learning. Sheldrake contends that a number of biological anomalies are resolved by morphic resonance, including personal memory (which he contends would otherwise require the existence of an elaborate information-storage mechanism in the brain), atavism and parallel evolution. He argues that the existence of organizing fields – with or without inherent memory – would explain phenomena ranging from coordinated behavior among social insects, flocks of birds and schools of fish to the regeneration of severed limbs by salamanders or a sense of phantom limbs among amputees, as the organizing field of a limb would remain even after the limb itself had been lost.[9][34]
[edit] Seven Experiments That Could Change the World
In 1994 Sheldrake proposed a list of Seven Experiments That Could Change the World, which included, among other things, the seed of his study of Dogs that Know When Their Owners are Coming Home (1999). In Seven Experiments ... he encouraged lay people to contribute to scientific research, and argued that scientific experiments similar to his own could be conducted on a shoestring budget.[35]
[edit] The Sense of Being Stared At
In 2003, Sheldrake published The Sense of Being Stared At on the psychic staring effect, including an experiment where blindfolded subjects guessed whether persons were staring at them or at another target. He reported that, in tens of thousands of trials, 60% of subjects reported being stared at when being stared at; 50% of subjects reported being stared at when they were not being stared at. According to Sheldrake, this suggested a weak sense of being stared at but no sense of not being stared at. He also claimed that these experiments were widely repeated, in schools in Connecticut and Toronto and a science museum in Amsterdam, with consistent results.[36]
[edit] The Science Delusion
Sheldrake's most recent title (2012) summarises much of his previous work and encapsulates it into a broader critique of modern materialism, with the title mimicking the controversial book by one of Sheldrake's critics Richard Dawkins, who wrote The God Delusion. [In an interview with Fortean Times, Sheldrake denied that Dawkins' book was the inspiration for his own. "The title was at the insistence of my publishers, and the book will be re-titled in the USA as "Science Set Free". Dawkins is far less important outside Britain (...) Dawkins is a passionate believer in materialist dogma, but the book is not a response to him - although I do object to his dumbed-down representation of science"]. [37] Sheldrake proposes a number of questions as the theme of each chapter which seek to elaborate on his central premise that science is predicated on the belief that the nature of reality is fully understood, with only minor details needing to be filled in. This delusion is what Sheldrake argues has turned science in to a series of dogmas rather than a genuinely open minded approach to investigating phenomena, and that there exist many powerful taboos that circumscribe what scientists can legitimately direct their attention towards.
Later work[link]
In 2003 Sheldrake published research on human telepathy in an experiment where subjects guessed which of four people was going to telephone or send an email. Sheldrake reported that the subject guesses the person correctly about 40% of the time instead of the expected 25% (p=.05).[38]
Sheldrake's work was the theme of a plenary session titled "Anomalies of Consciousness" of the 2008 Toward a Science of Consciousness conference.[39] where he presented his work on telepathy in animals and humans,[40] followed by three critiques of his work on the sense of being stared at.[41][42]
Reception[link]
Sheldrake's work has little support in the mainstream scientific community. Members of the scientific community consider Sheldrake's claims to be currently unfalsifiable and therefore outside of the scope of scientific experiment. The "morphic field" concept is believed by many to fall into the realm of pseudoscience.[30][43][44]
Some within the parapsychological community have supported the theories of Sheldrake as they believe it may explain the phenomena of extrasensory perception. Paranormal writers and parapsychologists such as Arthur Koestler,[45] Brian Inglis[46] and John L. Randall have supported the work of Sheldrake.[47]
Sheldrake's ideas have resonated with the general public and some physicists such as David Bohm.[48] The idea that fields may influence cells has even received cautious support from biologists Janis Roze and Sue Ann Miller.[8] However, Sheldrake's work has met with a hostile reception from other scientists.[29] Neurophysiologist and consciousness researcher Christof Koch, for example, has stated that discussing Sheldrake's ideas is a "waste of time," given the absence of hard, physical evidence and Sheldrake's lack of understanding of modern neurobiology.[29] Henry Bauer compared Sheldrake's ideas to Wilhelm Reich's generally discredited claims of orgone energies.[49] In his Skeptic's Dictionary, Robert Todd Carroll stated, in an article highly critical of Sheldrake's theory of morphic resonance, that "although Sheldrake commands some respect as a scientist because of his education and degree, he has clearly abandoned conventional science in favor of magical thinking."[50]
Germano Resconi and Masoud Nikravesh are sympathetic to Sheldrake's ideas, and base their concept of morphic computing directly upon Sheldrake's morphic fields and morphogenetic fields, but acknowledge that "Morphic fields and its subset morphogenetic fields have been at the center of controversy for many years in mainstream science and the hypothesis is not accepted by some scientists who consider it a pseudoscience."[51]
Some quantum physicists have supported Sheldrake's hypothesis.[8] The late David Bohm suggested that Sheldrake's hypothesis was in keeping with his own ideas on what he terms "implicate" and "explicate" order.[8] Hans-Peter Dürr has called for further discussion of Sheldrake's hypothesis, describing it as one of the first to reconcile 20th-century breakthroughs in physics, which emphasize fields and the indivisible nature of matter, with biology, which he says for the most part remains rooted in 19th-century Newtonian concepts of particles and separateness.[8][52] Others, like biologist Michael Klymkowsky, disagree, contending that "[w]e live in a macroscopic world. Quantum effects are essentially irrelevant".[8] For more details on this topic, see quantum biology.
The concept has attracted speculation from neurolinguistic programming, as an explanation for action at a distance.[53] Sheldrake's book The Presence of the Past: A Field Theory of Life was positively reviewed by the physicist Amit Goswami.[54]
Scientific reception[link]
Morphic resonance predicts that memories of one generation are automatically passed on to the next generation, though unconsciously, or to other conspecifics. A neuroscientist and memory expert, Steven Rose, has been critical of this view. A major reason for the criticism is that Rose does not feel there to be any anomalous phenomena which require the theory of morphic resonance as an explanation. Rose suggested an experiment to resolve the matter. In Rose's opinion the resulting study, done in collaboration with Sheldrake, disproved morphic resonance,[55] but Sheldrake has challenged this.[56]
Sheldrake's ideas have often met with a hostile reception from some scientists, including accusations that he is engaged in pseudoscience,[8][30][29] and at least two respected scientists who have sought to discuss his work, thoroughgoing metaphysical naturalists Lewis Wolpert and Richard Dawkins, reportedly refused to even examine his evidence—a fact cited as illustrating the dogmatic nature of mainstream science alluded to in Sheldrake's book The Science Delusion.[57]
Testing formative causation[link]
In 1990 neurobiologist Steven Rose experimented jointly with Sheldrake to test the hypothesis of morphic resonance. The experiment involved training day-old chicks to react negatively to a small yellow light when the light was followed 30 min later by an injection which caused temporary illness. Chicks become strongly averse to pecking the stimulus again. Sheldrake predicted that successive batches of day-old chicks would progressively become more averse to pecking the light for the first time, because morphic resonance would cause them to "remember" the experience of previous generations of chicks. Rose predicted that no such effect would be observed.[58][59]
Rose wrote that he and several scientists who reviewed the data were convinced that there was no evidence of morphic resonance.[58] Sheldrake, however, said that the proportion of test chicks taking longer than 10 sec for the first peck, compared with control chicks, gradually increased in successive batches and believed therefore that the experiment supported his theory.[59]
In a separate paper, Rose responded that there were several confounding details of the experiment which skewed the results, such as the experimenter improving his skills with practice over the course of the experiment. Rose said there was no trend for an increase in the latency, in fact a slight decrease, thus disconfirming Sheldrake's prediction. In an independent analysis of the data, biologist Patrick Bateson agreed with Rose that the results ran counter to the prediction of morphic resonance.[60]
Sheldrake responded that Rose's analysis omitted a significant portion of the data, thus skewing the results. Sheldrake contended that repeating Rose's analysis with the full set of data shows that the trends in aversion were in fact significantly different and morphic resonance was confirmed, not disconfirmed.[61] Rose and other researchers in the field, however, rejected this interpretation of the results.[58]
Tests of the staring effect[link]
David Marks and John Colwell, writing in the Skeptical Inquirer (2000), criticized the experimental procedures Sheldrake had developed for tests designed to demonstrate the existence of the staring effect.[62] Apart from the fact that Sheldrake had encouraged the involvement of lay members of the public in research of the effect, Marks and Colwell suggested that the sequences used in tests followed the same patterning that people who guess and gamble like to follow.[62] These guessing patterns have relatively few long runs and many alternations.[62] The non-randomness of test sequences could thus lead to implicit or explicit pattern learning when feedback is provided.[62] When the patterns being guessed mirror naturally occurring guessing patterns, the results could go above or below chance levels even without feedback.[62] Thus significant results could occur purely from non-random guessing.[62] Non-randomization is one of seven flaws in parapsychological research identified by Marks.[63]
Michael Shermer wrote in Scientific American (2005) that there were a number of objections to Sheldrake's experiments on the sense of being stared at, reiterating Marks' and Colwell's points about non-randomization and the use of unsupervised laypeople, and adding confirmation bias and experimenter bias to the list of potential problems; he concluded that Sheldrake's claim was unfalsifiable.[64]
Sheldrake (2004, 2005) responded to the criticisms by stating that the experiments had been widely replicated; the results from an independent meta-analysis, which had excluded all data from unsupervised tests, were shown to be highly significant; and the Marks-Colwell suggestion of non-randomization had been refuted by thousands of trials with different randomization methods, including coin-tossing, yielding positive and highly statistically significant results, whatever the randomization method.[65][66]
2006 British Association controversy[link]
In September 2006, Sheldrake and Peter Fenwick (a near-death experience researcher) were invited by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA) to speak at an event at the University of East Anglia, which resulted in criticism from Lord Winston, Peter Atkins, Richard Wiseman and the Royal Society[67][68][69][70][71][72][73]
See also[link]
- Fritjof Capra
- Lyall Watson
- Epigenetics
- Hundredth monkey effect
- Synchronicity
- Bodo Sperling
- Noosphere
Works[link]
- A New Science of Life: the hypothesis of formative causation, Los Angeles, CA: J.P. Tarcher, 1981 (second edition 1985, third edition 2009). ISBN 978-1-84831-042-1.
- The Presence of the Past: morphic resonance and the habits of nature, New York, NY: Times Books, 1988. ISBN 0-8129-1666-2.
- The Rebirth of Nature: the greening of science and God, New York, NY: Bantam Books, 1991. ISBN 0-553-07105-X.
- Seven Experiments That Could Change the World: a do-it-yourself guide to revolutionary science, New York, NY: Riverhead Books, 1995. ISBN 1-57322-014-0.
- Dogs that Know When Their Owners are Coming Home: and other unexplained powers of animals, New York, NY: Crown, 1999 (second edition 2011). ISBN 978-0-307-88596-8.
- The Sense of Being Stared At: and other aspects of the extended mind, New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 2003. ISBN 0-609-60807-X.
With Ralph Abraham and Terence McKenna:
- Trialogues at the Edge of the West: chaos, creativity, and the resacralization of the world, Santa Fe, NM: Bear & Co. Pub., 1992. ISBN 0-939680-97-1.
- The Evolutionary Mind: trialogues at the edge of the unthinkable, Santa Cruz, CA: Dakota Books, 1997. ISBN 0-9632861-1-0.
- Chaos, Creativity and Cosmic Consciousness, Rochester, VT: Park Street Press, 2001. ISBN 0-89281-977-4.
- The Evolutionary Mind: conversations on science, imagination & spirit, Rhinebeck, NY: Monkfish Book Pub. Co., 2005. ISBN 0-9749359-7-2.
With Matthew Fox (priest):
- Natural Grace: dialogues on creation, darkness, and the soul in spirituality and science, New York, NY: Doubleday, 1996. ISBN 0-385-48356-2.
- The Physics of Angels: exploring the realm where science and spirit meet, San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996. ISBN 0-06-062864-2.
- "The Science Delusion: Freeing the spirit of enquiry", London: Coronet, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4447-2795-1.
Notes[link]
- ^ Birth registered in September 1942, FreeBMD Images ref 1942B3-S-0151
- ^ Marriage record registered in September 1934, @ FreeBMD Images ref 1934M3-T-0308
- ^ Birth record on FindMyPast.com [1]
- ^ Marriage record registered in September 1934, @ FreeBMD Images ref 1934M3-S-0193
- ^ "Reginald Sheldrake Upon his Graduation, Newark, c 1924", North East Midland Photographic Record website, retrieved 3 Jan 2012
- ^ a b c Rupert Sheldrake autobiography. Biography of Rupert Sheldrake, Ph.D. – Part II. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ a b c Biography of Rupert Sheldrake, Ph.D., www.sheldrake.org/, accessed 1 December 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g Brad Lemley; Cannon, C; Barbour, R; Burke, RL; Games, D; Grajeda, H; Guido, T; Hu, K et al. (August 2000). "Heresy". Discover 6 (8): 916–9. DOI:10.1038/78682. PMID 10932230. http://discovermagazine.com/2000/aug/featheresy.
- ^ a b John David Ebert (1998). From Cellular Aging to the Physics of Angels: A Conversation with Rupert Sheldrake. The Quest, 86(2):14, February 1998. Reprint[dead link]. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ The Perrott-Warrick Project
- ^ Sheldrake, Rupert. "2011 Perrott-Warrick Lecture: The Evolution of Telepathy". Cambridge University Media Servce. http://sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1097239. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ Jay Walljasper (November 2005). "A Heretic for our times". Ode (28). . Reprint[dead link]. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ Faculty and Administrative Staff, The Graduate Institute, Bethany, Connecticut
- ^ "Alleged assailant says he's not crazy". The Santa Fe New Mexican. http://www.santafenewmexican.com/Local%20News/Trial-planned-for-alleged-assailant. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- ^ Why I am Stiil an Anglican, Continuum 2006, pages 119-131
- ^ What can DNA tell us? Place your bets now New Scientist, 8 July 2009.
- ^ "Ein Portwein auf die Gene," Die Zeit, July 11, 2009 Die Zeit
- ^ Glossary at www.sheldrake.org, accessed 18 Aug 2007
- ^ Sheldrake, Rupert (1988) The Presence of the Past, Chapter 17
- ^ ""Rupert Sheldrake: A Theosophical Appraisal" by David Pratt". Theosophy-nw.org. http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/science/prat-shl.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- ^ Poetic Mind, para 12, 2009
- ^ a b c Gilbert, Scott (1997). "The "Re-discovery" of Morphogenetic Fields". http://8e.devbio.com/article.php?ch=3&id=18. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ^ Sheldrake, Rupert; Stanislav Grof, Editor (1984). Morphic Resonance. seventh Conference of the International Transpersonal Association, Bombay: SUNY Press, Albany. p. 155. ISBN 0-87395-848-9.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake (2005). Morphic Fields and Morphic Resonance: An Introduction, February 2005. Paper[dead link]. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ Palmer, Trevor (2003). Perilous Planet Earth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–174. ISBN 0-521-81928-8.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake, A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation, Los Angeles: JP Tarcher, 1981, pp. 19-22, 109-120, ISBN 0-87477-281-8
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake, A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation, Los Angeles: JP Tarcher, 1981, p. 52, ISBN 0-87477-281-8
- ^ Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Modern Theories of Development. An Introduction to Theoretical Biology, New York: Harper, 1962, pp. 21, 28-46, ASIN: B0007E65IK
- ^ a b c d e f "The Sense of Being Glared At: What Is It Like to be a Heretic?" Anthony Freeman, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12, No. 6, 2005
- ^ a b c "A book for burning?". Nature 293 (5830): 245–246. 24 September 1981. Bibcode 1981Natur.293R.245.. DOI:10.1038/293245b0. Online quote
- ^ Wouter J. Hanegraaff: New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. State University of New York Press, 1998, ISBN 0-7914-3854-6, pp. 73–74
- ^ John Maddox (Book For Burning) at Google Videos (Adobe Flash video)
- ^ Library Journal, cited at The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature (Paperback), Amazon.com
- ^ a b Rupert Sheldrake (1988). The Presence of the Past: Morphic resonance and the habits of nature, New York: Times Books, p. 109.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake. Seven experiments that could change the world: a do-it-yourself guide to revolutionary science, New York, NY: Riverhead Books, 1995. ISBN 1-57322-014-0.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake (2003). The Sense of Being Stared At: and other aspects of the extended mind, New York, NY: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-609-60807-X.
- ^ Marshall, Steve (April 2012). Fortean Times 286: 38.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake and Pamela Smart (2003). Experimental tests for telephone telepathy. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 67:184-199. Reprint. Accessed 2008-05-31.
- ^ 2008 Toward a Science of Consciousness conference plenary sessions. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake (2008). The Evolution of Telepathy. Toward a Science of Consciousness, Tucson, AZ, April 2008. Abstract. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ Dick J. Bierman, Stephen Whitmarsh and Steven H. Scholte (2008). How to interpret apparent paranormal effects: Immediate and long-term effects of meditation on the anticipation of visual stimuli. Toward a Science of Consciousness, Tucson, AZ, April 2008. Abstract. Accessed 2008-06-08.
- ^ Anomalies of Consciousness Sheldrake, Bierman, Allen, Barker. Plenary session recordings (TSC28-310-CD, TSC28-810-DVD). Accessed 2008-06-12.
- ^ L'Imposture Scientifique en Dix Lecons, "Pseudoscience in Ten Lessons," By Michel de Pracontal. Editions La Decouverte, Paris, 2001. ISBN 2-7071-3293-4.
- ^ Sheldrake, Rupert; Stanislav Grof, Editor (1984). Morphic Resonance. seventh Conference of the International Transpersonal Association, Bombay: SUNY Press, Albany. pp. 154–156. ISBN 0-87395-848-9.
- ^ The Bookseller: Issues 3976-3983 Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland J. Whitaker, 1982, p. 1591
- ^ Brian Inglis The hidden power J. Cape, 1986, p. 12
- ^ John L. Randall "A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation." Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 51, 1981.
- ^ David Bohm; F. David Peat (1987), Science, Order, and Creativity: A Dramatic New Look at the Creative Roots of Science and Life, New York: Bantam Books, p. 204, ISBN 978-0-553-34449-3
- ^ Henry H. Bauer, Science or Pseudoscience: Magnetic Healing, Psychic Phenomena, and Other Heterodoxies, p. 162. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2001. ISBN 0-252-02601-2.
- ^ The Skeptic's Dictionary. Morphic Resonance. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Resconi, Germano; Nikravesh, Masoud (2008). "Morphic computing". Applied Soft Computing 8 (3): 1164–1177. DOI:10.1016/j.asoc.2007.02.018.
- ^ Introduction by Hans-Peter Dürr to the book "Rupert Sheldrake in der Diskussion" (German)
- ^ "It has been speculated that this level of processing and change influences our environment and ourselves through what Rupert Sheldrake termed 'morphogentic fields.'" Dilts R, DeLozier J (2000). "Encyclopedia of Systemic NLP and NLP New Coding". http://www.nlpuniversitypress.com/html2/N34.html. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ^ Goswami, Amit (2002). The Physicists' View of Nature: The Quantum Revolution: Pt. 2. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers. pp. 277–289. ISBN 978-0-306-46509-3.
- ^ So-called "formative causation" - A hypothesis disconfirmed, Response to Rupert Sheldrake Rivista di Biologia - Biology Forum 85 (3/4), 1992, 445-453; Steven Rose
- ^ An experimental test of the hypothesis of formative causation, Rivista di Biologia - Biology Forum 86 (3/4), 1992, 431-44; 86 (3/4), 431-44, (1992), Rupert Sheldrake
- ^ Mary Midgley. "The Science Delusion by Rupert Sheldrake - review | Books". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jan/27/science-delusion-rupert-sheldrake-review?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- ^ a b c Rose, Steven (1997). Lifelines: Biology Beyond Determinism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512035-3.
- ^ a b Rupert Sheldrake (1992). An experimental test of the hypothesis of formative causation. Rivista di Biologia – Biology Forum, 86(3/4):431-44. Reprint[dead link]. PMID 1341836. Accessed 2008-05-30.
- ^ Steven Rose (1992). So-called "formative causation" – A hypothesis disconfirmed: Response to Rupert Sheldrake. Rivista di Biologia – Biology Forum, 86(3/4):445-53. Reprint[dead link]. Accessed 2008-05-30.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake (1992). Rose refuted. Rivista di Biologia – Biology Forum, 86(3/4):455-60. Reprint[dead link]. Accessed 2008-05-30.
- ^ a b c d e f David F. Marks and John Colwell (2000). The Psychic Staring Effect: An Artifact of Pseudo Randomization, Skeptical Inquirer, September/October 2000. Reprint. Accessed 2012-05-03.
- ^ Marks, David. The Psychology of the Psychic, p. 305.
- ^ Michael Shermer (October 2005). Rupert's Resonance: The theory of "morphic resonance" posits that people have a sense of when they are being stared at. What does the research show? Scientific American, October, 2005. Reprint. Accessed 2008-05-27.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake (2004). The Need For Open-Minded Scepticism: A Reply to David Marks. The Skeptic, 16(4):8-13. Reprint[dead link]. Accessed 2008-05-28.
- ^ Rupert Sheldrake (2005). Reply to Michael Shermer: Do Skeptics Play Fair?, Letter to Scientific American November 2005. Reprint. Accessed 2008-05-27.
- ^ Daily Telegraph: 06/09/2006 Festival attacked over paranormal 'nonsense' [2]
- ^ Independent: Scientists angry after platform is given to 'charlatan's fantasy' http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/scientists-angry-after-platform-is-given-to-charlatans-fantasy-414803.html
- ^ Times: 5 Sep 2006 "Scientists angered by telephone telepathy study" [3]
- ^ The Times 6 September 2006 "The research that triggered the row" [4]
- ^ Sam Coates Deputy Political Editor Published 1 minute ago. "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion". Timesonline.co.uk. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/leading_article/article629080.ece. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- ^ The Way We live Now, Financial Times [5]
- ^ Julie Wheldon, Daily Mail 6 September 2006 "Telepathy does exists claims Cambridge scientist" [6]
External links[link]
- Official website
- SheldrakeTV - Rupert Sheldrake online premium videos
- Sheldrake in the video Cognition Factor
- On Overlapping Morphic Fields: Dr. Sheldrake in an interview.
- Interview (audio and transcript): Dr. Rupert Sheldrake on Parapsychology and Skepticism
- Global Lens Interview(VIDEO)
- Eckart Löhr: A review of the book “The Presence of the Past” by Rupert Sheldrake
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sheldrake, Rupert |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1942-06-28 |
| Place of birth | Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Rupert_Sheldrake
Related pages:
http://nl.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://pt.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://ru.wn.com/Руперт Шелдрейк
http://de.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://fr.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://it.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://pl.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://cs.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
http://es.wn.com/Rupert Sheldrake
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
