Look up eleven in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Eleven can refer to:

• The year 11
• The year 11 BC
• 11 (number)
• The month of November

Television[link]

• Eleven, an Australian free to air digital television channel, part of Network Ten, jointly owned by Ten Network Holdings and CBS Studios International

Writing[link]

• Eleven (novel), a 2006 novel by British author David Llewellyn
• Eleven, a 1970 collection of short stories by Patricia Highsmith
• Eleven (Myracle novel), a teen novel by Lauren Myracle
• Eleven or Elven (Elven Quest Trilogy), a young adult fantasy by C M Lloyd

Music[link]

• Eleven (Martina McBride album), the 11th studio album by American singer Martina McBride
• Eleven (22-Pistepirkko album) or Ele∀en, a 1998 album by Finnish band 22-Pistepirkko
• Eleven (Sugarcult album), a 1999 album by American band Sugarcult
• Eleven (B'z album), a 2000 album by Japanese band B'z
• Eleven (Harry Connick, Jr. album)
• Eleven (band), an American hard rock band
• Eleven (Serbian band), Serbian alternative rock band
• Eleven: A Music Company, an Australian record label
• Up to eleven, an idiom originated in the excessive volume setting
• "The Eleven", a song by the Grateful Dead
• "Eleven", a song on the Primus album Sailing the Seas of Cheese that is in 11/8 time
• 11 (The Smithereens album), an album by The Smithereens
• 11 (Bryan Adams album), an album by Bryan Adams
• "Eleven", a song by ¡Forward, Russia!
• "Eleven", a character description in book 1 Child of the Elves by C M Lloyd

Other uses[link]

• EleVen, a clothing range designed by tennis player Venus Williams
• Municipal Okrug 11, name of Ostrov Dekabristov Municipal Okrug of Vasileostrovsky District of St. Petersburg, Russia, until 2011
• 7-Eleven a convenience store in North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia
• MIT elEVEN
• Apollo 11, historic space mission which landed the first humans on the Moon
• A football team, so-called because of the number of players on the team
• Ocean's 11, a 1960 heist film, and its 2001 remake Ocean's Eleven

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Pain of Salvation
Pain of Salvation at the Sweden Rock Festival, 2008.
Background information
Origin	Eskilstuna, Sweden
Genres	Progressive metal, progressive rock.
Years active	1984−1991 (as Reality) 1991−present (as Pain of Salvation)
Labels	InsideOut Music
Associated acts	Crypt of Kerberos Q-krunkers from Hell The Flower Kings Programming Defaced Transatlantic
Website	painofsalvation.com
Members
Daniel Gildenlöw Gustaf Hielm Léo Margarit Daniel Karlsson Ragnar ZSolberg
Past members
Joakim Strandberg Mikael Pettersson Daniel Magdic Johan Langell Magnus Johansson Kristoffer Gildenlöw Fredrik Hermansson Johan Hallgren Simon Andersson

Pain of Salvation is a Swedish progressive rock band headed by Daniel Gildenlöw; the band's lyricist, chief composer, guitarist, and lead vocalist. Their sound is characterised by powerful, accentuated guitar work, broad vocal range, abrupt switching between heavy and calm passages, intense syncopation, and polyrhythmic experimentation. Another trademark of the band is that each album is a concept album. Some of the topics addressed in the band's albums include sexuality, war and its effect on family and humanity, environmental issues (such as nuclear power), the forming of the individual, and the nature of God, humankind, and existence.

Etymology[link]

The name "Pain of Salvation" was devised by Daniel Gildenlöw, whose intention was to incorporate the notion of balance, which he believed to be of vital significance, e.g. good and bad, light and dark, life and death; pain and salvation.

"I wanted a name that meant something, a name that was more than a cool expression. For me, Pain of Salvation has the meaning of balance. Taking the good with the bad. It is also a good expression in everyday use, when something does not go the way you planned; "well, that’s just the pain of salvation," to indicate that this is just a slight setback on an otherwise painless journey towards your goal." ^[1]

"The idea with the name is that everything has two sides, everything is in balance." ^[2]

"Imagine yourself exhausted in the middle of a desert... Sitting down will take away your pain, but it will kill you. The walk for water will hurt, but it may save your life."

"I formed my first band at eleven, I called it Reality. When I turned 15, I decided to change, because I did not the same as in the age of 11. I tried to come up with a new band name. It was during a math lesson, I was writing band names. I wrote Pain of Salvation and it stuck. I showed it to my classmate, who later became a member of the band, he said too long, nobody would remember that!" ^[3]

Biography[link]

Early days (1984-1996)[link]

In 1984, Daniel Gildenlöw (at the age of eleven) founded the band "Reality" in Eskilstuna, Sweden. One of the early members was Daniel Magdic, who would remain with the band until after the first album was eventually recorded in 1997. In 1987, Reality qualified to participate in the Swedish Annual Music Contest "Rock-SM" (this is the same contest that fellow Swedes Europe won in 1982, earning them international recognition in the early 80s). They were the youngest competitors ever to enter the competition and Daniel Gildenlöw also won the prize for "Best Vocalist".

1990 saw a number of line-up changes, including the addition of talented Johan Langell (then 14 years old) on drums; as the core composers Gildenlöw and Magdic found it difficult to fully implement their musical ideas with the current members. Also joining the band was Gustaf Hielm on bass guitar. Somewhat disillusioned and bored of the "Reality" moniker, Gildenlöw renamed the band to "Pain of Salvation" in 1991. For the next 3 years, the band achieved national success in several contests and competitions. Some of the songs performed during this era can be found on the earlier albums.

In 1994, Kristoffer Gildenlöw (Daniel’s younger brother) replaced Gustaf Hielm (who later went on to join fellow Swedish metal band Meshuggah) on the bass. This resulted in a steady group consisting of the Gildenlöws, Daniel Magdic and Johan Langell. The band entered a local studio soon after to record a demo, Hereafter, with a combination of old and new material. While they had recorded several tapes before, this was the first to be actually sent to a record company in the hope of procuring a record deal. This demo however was recorded without a keyboardist. To complete the line up (and sonic requirements) of the band, they began the search for one. It was through this Hereafter tape that Fredrik Hermansson got interested in the band and after an introduction to the band through a fellow student he got the invitation to do an audition. In the autumn of 1996, Fredrik Hermansson became the fifth member of the band.

First album recorded and released (1996-1997)[link]

Two of the first companies that the band sent their demo to were Marquee/Belle Antique (a record company in Japan/Asia) and Roasting House (a professional recording studio in Malmö, Sweden). In early 1997, they entered the Roasting House Studio to record their debut studio album, Entropia, which was released in Asia on the Marquee’s Avalon label in August 1997 to positive local reviews. As a result, Marquee decided to fly Daniel over to Tokyo, Japan in October for a week of promotional performances and interviews to the metal press. It was about this time that purchasing albums through online music stores was commonplace, and fans from around the world began to do so with Entropia. As a result, interest in Pain of Salvation grew around the world progressive metal scene, leading to another licensing deal – this time for Romania with SC Rocris Discs in late 1997.

The album was eventually released in Europe in 1999, when Pain of Salvation signed to major progressive music label InsideOut Music following the success of their second album One Hour by the Concrete Lake. It was also released in South America on Hellion Records in 1999.

Follow-up album and record label deal (1998-1999)[link]

Preparations for the band’s second album were somewhat disrupted by the departure of Daniel Magdic from the band prior to recording. The departure was due to Magdic's continuing disagreements with the others over committing to the increasing demands of the band as a result of their initial success. He still remains a friend of the band to this day. After a short audition period, Johan Hallgren was his initial replacement. Johan had played for a short period together with Daniel in the band Crypt of Kerberos. Johan was immediately involved in the recording process, facing the daunting tasks of learning all the new songs with extreme short notice. Indeed, because of the complexity of the guitar parts in the new material, Daniel Gildenlöw was prepared to play all the guitar parts himself. Hallgren surprised all (he learned the whole album in three weeks), however, and was able to play on the album as a full member of the band. This worked out so well that he was announced as Magdic’s official replacement in April 1998.

The resultant album, One Hour by the Concrete Lake, was released in Asia (once again on Avalon) in July 1998 with an even more positive reception than their debut album. It was immediately hailed as a classic masterpiece, receiving extensive attention from fans and magazines all around the world. It was described as heavier and darker than Entropia, and considered a much more mature effort, with every existing positive about the band focussed and improved on. The buzz about the band had well and truly spread to Europe by now, and the multitude of positive reactions was the catalyst for the band to be signed to major progressive music label InsideOut Music and later their American counterpart, InsideOut Music America.

During the South American release (once again on Hellion) in May 1999, the band embarked on a European tour supporting fellow progressive metal bands Threshold (U.K.) and Eldritch (Italy). They also played at their first ProgPower festival in Tilburg, The Netherlands on November 14, 1999.

Critical acclaim (2000-2003)[link]

After a short break to regroup, Pain of Salvation recorded their third album, The Perfect Element, part I in March to July 2000. Released in October 2000, the album garnered a huge response from media and fans all over the world. In support of the album, the band toured Europe again in September and October 2000, this time with Arena (UK). In February 2001 the band played their first show in the USA, as headliners of the famed ProgPower USA festival, with the likes of Symphony X and Evergrey. Later that month, they also paid a visit to Iceland.^{[citation needed]}

In late 2001, Pain of Salvation recorded their fourth album, Remedy Lane. It is remarkable in the fact that it was almost entirely written during a two-month period from August to September 2001 by Daniel Gildenlöw. Released in January 2002, it was also greeted with extensive praise from the progressive metal community, being hailed as their finest creation yet.^{[citation needed]} During the Remedy Tour, Pain of Salvation were invited as a special guest opener for Dream Theater.

Both albums (and the band's earlier catalogue) were now much more accessible to music listeners now that they were on a major label. They were hailed as bringing originality and diversity to the genre, which many followers had been considering quite stagnant.^{[citation needed]} They are often praised for their excellent conceptual cohesion.^{[citation needed]} The Perfect Element, part I is a work examining the events that form an individual as they move from adolescence through to adulthood. Scarsick, released in 2007, is The Perfect Element, part II, although not in name.^[4] Remedy Lane is a part-autobiographical, part-fictional tale of a period of Daniel Gildenlöw’s life dealing with the issues of love, lust and life. Both albums were once again recorded at Roasting House Studio in Sweden.

On May 12, 2003, Pain of Salvation performed an acoustic concert in their hometown of Eskilstuna before a crowd of 80 special guests. The concert was recorded and released as 12:5 in early 2004. It featured dramatically rearranged versions of the band’s past material, owning to Daniel Gildenlöw’s desire not to simply create a “Pain of Salvation: Unplugged” record. As a result, the band and fans consider the album as a stand-alone work, and not just a 'live album'. The album was widely applauded for its audacity in re-interpreting past material in such a way, though others found the new versions of favourite songs much less enjoyable.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] "BE" (2004-2005)

For the better part of 2003 and 2004, the band worked on their most serious undertaking to date: a concept album about the nature of existence of God and humankind. It was Daniel Gildenlöw who has been working on and off on it since 1996. The recording of the album was preceded by a number of live shows in Eskilstuna, where the band performed the album in its entirety. The shows were full productions; with costumes, stage props and screen projections. They also featured a nine-part orchestra, The Orchestra of Eternity, whom Gildenlöw had in mind while composing the music. As a result, the orchestra features prominently in the material, and is essential to its sound. After the conclusion of the shows, the material was tweaked and refined by Gildenlöw before the recording began in February 2004.

In September 2004, the band’s most ambitious album, "BE", was released. It was the first album to divide the fan-base in opinion, because of its musically experimental and philosophical nature; and perhaps also its lack of cohesive progressive metal pieces. It once again featured The Orchestra of Eternity, and included a memorable song whereby the band had set up a phone line for fans from around the world to ring and leave their message on “God’s answering machine”. There was an overwhelming response from fans who laughed, cried and poured their soul into their messages. The messages were collated and presented with a peaceful instrumental accompaniment, resulting in what the band considers to be one of their most touching tracks they have ever recorded.^[5]

[edit] Scarsick and the "Road Salt Sequence" (2005-present)

Daniel Gildenlöw in Cairo 2007.

Pain of Salvation has not played in the United States since 2004, when Daniel Gildenlöw expressed his refusal to take part in the US policy of fingerprinting all out-of-country visitors, as well as his contempt for the Bush administration. He feels it infringes his democratic rights and personal integrity.^[6] On 22 January 2009 he announced his support for the newly elected President Barack Obama and said the band will be lifting their embargo on the country, but reaffirmed his position on the fingerprinting policy.

On 21 February 2006, Kristoffer Gildenlöw was asked to leave the band for not being able to attend rehearsals, since he lived in Holland and the band lived in Sweden. Kristoffer has a solo album planned for the future, as well as a side project called Dial, born with the release of "Synchronized" in 2007.

The next studio album Scarsick was released on January 22, 2007, despite having been leaked early in December 2006. The album met mixed reviews criticizing its different approach to the band's music,^[7] being significantly more band oriented than the previous album "BE". Interviews with Daniel revealed that Scarsick is a continuation of The Perfect Element, part I, using similar themes touched in that album. Because of Kristoffer's departure, Daniel played bass in the studio on the album.^[8] The band toured Europe, and a few shows outside of Europe, including one in Egypt. A touring bassist was recruited, and on March 10, 2007 he was made a full member of the band and is credited so on the second live DVD recorded. The concert featured on their second live DVD, Ending Themes (On the Two Deaths of Pain of Salvation) was performed in Amsterdam and it features a cover of the popular Leonard Cohen song Hallelujah. Following numerous delays, the DVD was released on March 24, 2009.

On April 29, 2007, an official statement was published on the official site announcing that Johan Langell was departing because of his desire to become a full-time parent and husband. He stayed with the band to finish the rest of the tour off before leaving completely. He also stated that he might remain on close terms with the band in order to teach drum parts to his replacement. On October 6, 2007, during the show at the "Motstøy" festival in Notodden, it was announced that Johan Langell's replacement will be Leo Margarit. Both drummers attended the show and Leo entered the band by doing a 3 minute drumsolo in the end of the song "Nightmist". Similarly, late in 2008, Simon Andersson left the band and was added to the graveyard section of the official website. An official statement regarding this incident was released by Simon indicating his decision to leave was understood by the rest of that band, further stating it would allow him more time on his own side projects as well as recuperation from the previous tour in support of Scarsick.

On February 13, 2009, it was announced on Myspace that Pain of Salvation would take part in Dream Theater's "Progressive Nation 2009" tour beginning in the summer.^[9] It would have been their first tour of America in more than 5 years. However, the recent bankruptcy of SPV forced both Pain of Salvation and Beardfish to back out of the tour because of a lack of financial backing.^[10]

In a recent interview with Inside the Pain, Daniel Gildenlöw stated that the new album was planned for release sometime in mid August, during their now cancelled Progressive Nation tour appearance, however this release date was not likely. On November 1, 2008, the band debuted a new song, "Mortar Grind", from their upcoming studio album and EP. According to the same interview with Inside the Pain, it was revealed that the new album would feature 2 CDs, 22 songs in a concept similar in style to that of Remedy Lane. The music written is 'different to anything the band has ever done before' featuring experimental and psychedelic style performances.^[11]

In a recent update on the band's official website, it was stated that the final steps in the completion of the new album were put on hold because of the bankruptcy of SPV.^[12] Recently however it was announced that InsideOut Music was picked up by Century Media, allowing progress on the album to continue.

On October 5, 2009, Mike Portnoy of Dream Theater announced that Pain of Salvation would be their supporting act for a tour of Australia. ^[13]

In December 2009, it was confirmed that the title track of the new double album, "Road Salt," would be an entry in the 2010 edition of Melodifestivalen, Sweden's national final for the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest.^[14] The band performed during the first semi-final and qualified for the runners-up broadcast, on march 6th on Swedish national television. However, they did not progress to the finals, losing to Pernilla Wahlgren by a slim margin.^[14]

On February 19, 2010, Daniel Gildenlöw revealed on his Facebook page that the name of the first part of the Road Salt albums to be released later that year would be "Road Salt 1: Ivory". He also posted a brief lyrical excerpt from a song on the album called "Curiosity". The actual release dates were set for May 17 in most of Europe and June 8 in the U.S. The release includes both a standard edition and limited edition with a bonus track and extended versions of 'No Way' and 'Road Salt'.^[15] On May 9, Road Salt One leaked on the internet.

Pain of Salvation made their first tour of India in January with performances at Manfest organised by Indian Institute of Management(IIM), Lucknow on 22 January and at Saarang, organised by Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Madras on 29 January.^[16]

On March 9, 2011, Daniel Gildenlöw announced on his Facebook page, that 'Road Salt Two' would be mixed and mastered in mid-May 2011, and released in September 2011. It is said to have a darker sound than Road Salt One. He also revealed the titles of several songs set to appear on the album: new, remixed versions of "Mortar Grind", "Conditioned", "Healing Now", "1979", "To The Shoreline", "Through The Distance", "Softly She Cries", "In The Physics of Grindlock" and "The Deeper Cut". Moreover, he announced that the video to 'Where it Hurts' will be released globally in mid-March.^[17]

On October 21, 2011, the band announced that Johan Hallgren would be leaving the band at the end of the year, citing his need to remain in Sweden with his growing family.^[18] On November 8, 2011, a message to fans by Daniel Gildenlöw noted that Fredrik Hermansson would also be leaving the band at the conclusion of the current tour.^[19]

On December 23, 2011, Daniel announced that Daniel Karlsson is the new replacement for Fredrik.^[20] On January 5, 2012, Pain of Salvation announced that Icelandic guitarist Ragnar Zolberg will be replacing Johan Hallgren as their guitarist.^[21]

Also on December 23, 2011 the band announced that Gustaf Hielm would return on bass guitar.

Band members[link]

Current members

• Daniel Gildenlöw - lead vocals, guitar (1984−present)
• Ragnar Zolberg - guitar, lead & backing vocals (2012–present)
• Gustaf Hielm - bass guitar, backing vocals (1992–1994, 2011–present)
• Daniel Karlsson - keyboards, backing vocals (2011–present), bass guitar (2011)
• Léo Margarit - drums, backing vocals (2007−present)

Former members

• Daniel Magdic - guitar, backing vocals (1986−1997)
• Johan Hallgren - guitar, lead & backing vocals (1998−2011)
• Joakim Strandberg - bass guitar (1984–1990)
• Magnus Johansson - bass guitar (1990–1992)
• Kristoffer Gildenlöw - bass guitar, cello, backing vocals (1994−2006)
• Simon Andersson - bass guitar, backing vocals (2007–2008)
• Fredrik Hermansson - keyboards, synthesizers (1996−2011)
• Mikael Pettersson - drums (1984–1989)
• Johan Langell - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1989−2007)

Touring

• Per Schelander - bass guitar, backing vocals (2008–2010)

Timeline[link]

id:Vocals value:blue legend:Vocals,Guitar 
id:Guitar value:green legend:Guitar
id:Bass value:red legend:Bass
id:Keyboard value:purple legend:Keyboard
id:Drums value:gray(0.45) legend:Drums
id:Lines value:black legend:Albums

at:06/01/1996 color:black layer:back
at:08/01/1997 color:black layer:back
at:07/21/1998 color:black layer:back
at:10/31/2000 color:black layer:back
at:01/15/2002 color:black layer:back
at:10/12/2004 color:black layer:back
at:01/30/2007 color:black layer:back
at:05/17/2010 color:black layer:back
at:09/26/2011 color:black layer:back

bar:Daniel text:"Daniel Gildenlöw"
bar:Magdic text:"Daniel Magdic"
bar:Johan text:"Johan Hallgren"
bar:Ragnar text:"Ragnar Zolberg"
bar:Magnus text:"Magnus Johansson"
bar:Gustaf text:"Gustaf Hielm"
bar:Kristoffer text:"Kristoffer Gildenlöw"
bar:Simon text:"Simon Andersson"
bar:Per text:"Per Schelander"
bar:Fredrik text:"Fredrik Hermansson"
bar:D2 text:"Daniel Karlsson"
bar:Langell text:"Johan Langell"
bar:Leo text:"Léo Margarit"

width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
bar:Daniel from:01/01/1991 till:end color:Vocals
bar:Magdic from:01/01/1991 till:12/01/1997 color:Guitar
bar:Johan from:04/01/1998 till:10/28/2011 color:Guitar
bar:Ragnar from: 01/05/2012 till:end color:Guitar
bar:Magnus from:01/01/1991 till:06/01/1992 color:Bass
bar:Gustaf from:06/01/1992 till:06/01/1994 color:Bass
bar:Gustaf from:12/23/2011 till:end color:Bass
bar:Kristoffer from:06/01/1994 till:02/21/2006 color:Bass
bar:Simon from:03/10/2007 till:09/01/2008 color:Bass
bar:Per from:09/01/2008 till:01/01/2011 color:Bass
bar:D2 from:10/01/2011 till:12/23/2011 color:Bass
bar:D2 from:12/23/2011 till:end color:Keyboard
bar:Fredrik from:09/01/1996 till:12/12/2011 color:Keyboard
bar:Langell from:01/01/1991 till:10/06/2007 color:Drums
bar:Leo from:10/06/2007 till:end color:Drums

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

EPs[link]

• Linoleum (2009)

Live albums[link]

• 12:5 (2004)
• "BE" (Original Stage Production) (2005)
• Ending Themes (On the Two Deaths of Pain of Salvation) (2009)

Singles[link]

• Ashes (2000)
• Road Salt (2010)
• Sisters (2010)
• Where It Hurts (2011)

Demos[link]

• Hereafter (1996)
• Repent (91-92)
• Unknowing (1993)

Videography[link]

• "BE" (Original Stage Production) (2005, live DVD)
• Ending Themes (On the Two Deaths of Pain of Salvation) (2009, live DVD)

References[link]

1. ^ Dutch Progressive Rock Page, 7 August 1999
2. ^ painofsalvation.8k.com, mirrored at the Internet Archive
3. ^ Pain Of Salvation Interjú | KRONOS MORTUS Metal Webzine
4. ^ From an interview with Daniel Gildenlow in early 2007
5. ^ From page "XIX" of the liner notes booklet for BE
6. ^ From the news entry of the official site on August 10, 2005
7. ^ "PAIN OF SALVATION Scarsick music reviews and MP3". Progarchives.com. http://www.progarchives.com/album.asp?id=13659. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 
8. ^ "‪Pain of salvation Daniel Gildenlow scarsick concept P 2‬‏". YouTube. 2007-01-22. http://youtube.com/watch?v=f6Q0Br0A-y0. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 
9. ^ Progressive Nation 2009 Tour Page
10. ^ Progressive Nation 2009 North American Tour - Lineup Change
11. ^ "[PoS] Le nouvel album sera un DOUBLE album ! **SPOILER** • Inside The Pain". Insidethepain.com. http://www.insidethepain.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2088. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 
12. ^ "Pain of Salvation site is down!". Blog.painofsalvation.com. http://www.blog.painofsalvation.com/?p=838. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 
13. ^ "Pain Of Salvation confirmed as DT's Special Guests in Australia!". Mikeportnoy.com. http://www.mikeportnoy.com/forum/m2423154.aspx. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Repo, Juha (2009-11-30). "Sweden reveals artist names for Melodifestivalen". ESCToday. http://www.esctoday.com/news/read/14555. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 
15. ^ "walk with me". 10 March 2010. http://www.painofsalvation.com/. Retrieved 13 March 2010. 
16. ^ Posted on 27 October 2010 by MetalIndia Magazine (2010-10-27). "‘Pain Of Salvation’ to tour India in January". MetalIndia Magazine. http://www.metalindiamagazine.com/news/pain-of-salvation-to-tour-india-in-january. Retrieved 2011-07-01. 
17. ^ "Facebookpost by Daniel Gildenlöw". http://www.facebook.com/danielgildenlow.public/posts/194657187224200. Retrieved 11 March 2011. 
18. ^ "Johan Hallgren leaves the band". http://www.painofsalvation.com/2011/johan-leaves-pos/. Retrieved 21 October 2011. 
19. ^ "Frederik leaves the band". http://www.facebook.com/notes/pain-of-salvation/a-message-from-daniel/10150925679065355. Retrieved 8 November 2011. 
20. ^ "D2". http://www.painofsalvation.com/2011/meet-our-new-keyboard-player/. Retrieved 24 December 2011. 
21. ^ "Ragnar Zolberg on guitar". http://www.painofsalvation.com/2011/presenting-the-guitarist//. Retrieved 5 January 2012. 
22. ^ "Les charts français - Recherche pour: Pain of Salvation > Album". http://lescharts.com. http://lescharts.com/search.asp?cat=a&search=pain+of+salvation&cat=a. Retrieved 2009-09-22. 
23. ^ "Swedish charts portal - Search for: Pain of Salvation > Album". http://swedishcharts.com. http://swedishcharts.com/search.asp?cat=a&search=pain+of+salvation&cat=a. Retrieved 2009-09-22. 
24. ^ "Musiikintuottajat - Tilastot - Suomen virallinen lista - Artistit". http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista. http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/artistit/pain+of+salvation. Retrieved 2011-08-28. 
25. ^ "Road Salt Two" album cover artwork and tracklisting unveiled.

• Pain of Salvation. Pain of Salvation's official website. (Retrieved September 2005 onwards)
• Foreword Brazil. Pain of Salvation's official Brazilian fan club.
  • Biography . (History information)
• InsideOut Music. Pain of Salvation at InsideOut Music. (Retrieved September 2005 onwards)
• InsideOut Music America. Pain of Salvation at InsideOut Music America. (Retrieved September 2005 onwards)
• The Pavement: Winter Edition 2005 nr.4 Interview with Fredrik Hermansson, pages 14–15

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pain of Salvation

• Pain of Salvation's official website
• 0ne Hour by the Concrete Lake review on Lebmetal.com

Barry Windham
Ring name(s)	Blackjack Mulligan, Jr.[1][2] Barry Windham[1][2] Yellow Dog[1][2][2] The Widowmaker[1][2] The Stalker[1][2] Blackjack Windham[1][2]
Billed height	6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)[1][2]
Billed weight	245 lb (111 kg)[1][2]
Born	(1960-07-04) July 4, 1960 (age 51)[1][2] Sweetwater, Texas[1][2]
Resides	Homerville, Georgia[1][2]
Billed from	Sweetwater, Texas
Trained by	Blackjack Mulligan[1] Harley Race[2]
Debut	November 27, 1979[1][2]
Retired	2004

Barry Clinton Windham (born July 4, 1960) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler and the son of wrestler Blackjack Mulligan. He is best known for his appearances with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

In NWA/WCW, he was a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion,^[3] a one-time United States Heavyweight Champion,^[4] a one-time Television Champion,^[5] a one-time Western States Heritage Champion,^[6] a four-time NWA (Mid Atlantic)/WCW World Tag Team Champion^[7] and a one-time NWA United States Tag Team Champion with Ron Garvin.^[8] In WWF, he was a two-time World Tag Team Champion with his brother-in-law, Mike Rotunda.^[9] On March 31, 2012, Windham was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a member of the Four Horsemen.

Professional wrestling career[link]

Early years (1980–1984)[link]

Windham was trained by his father Blackjack Mulligan and popular world champion Harley Race. He debuted on November 27, 1979 against J.J. Dillion in Odessa, Texas when he was 19 years old. Much of his early career was in the NWA's Championship Wrestling from Florida territory where Gordon Solie was the head announcer. He was a fan favorite for most of the early and middle periods of his career, having great success in singles and tag action. Windham had notable feuds with Kevin Sullivan and his army. With his brother-in-law Mike Rotunda, Windham formed a tag team in 1984. The duo captured the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship three times between March and May 1984.^[10]

World Wrestling Federation (1984–1985)[link]

Rotunda and Windham were signed by World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in October 1984. They debuted in WWF as babyfaces on the November 17, 1984 edition of Maple Leaf Wrestling defeating Mohammed Saad and Bobby Bass.^[11] Their tag team was named "U.S. Express".^[12] They quickly made impact in WWF's tag team division as they beat North South Connection (Dick Murdoch and Adrian Adonis) for their first WWF Tag Team Championship on January 21, 1985, at a house show in Hartford, CT.^[13][14] At the first-ever WrestleMania, US Express dropped the titles to Iron Sheik and Nikolai Volkoff.^[15] On the July 13 edition of Championship Wrestling, they beat Sheik and Volkoff for their second and final WWF Tag Team Championship,^[16][17] which they lost to Dream Team (Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake) in Philadelphia at The Spectrum on August 24.^[18]

National Wrestling Alliance (1986–1989)[link]

Championship Wrestling from Florida (1986)[link]

After departing from the WWF, Windham worked an extended stint in National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He worked in NWA's territory Championship Wrestling from Florida (CWF) as a babyface, where most notably he wrestled in the main event of Battle of the Belts II for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Ric Flair,^[19] and feuded over the NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship with Ron Bass.^[20]

Mid–card (1987)[link]

In the fall of 1986, he shifted to NWA's Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) territory as a babyface where he had many memorable matches with "Nature Boy" Ric Flair. These included matches going to 60 minute time limit draws and even some extending beyond an hour of action. He shifted back to tag team division. On December 9, 1986, Windham and Ron Garvin defeated Ivan Koloff and Khrusher Khruschev.^[8] for the U.S. tag team championship. Their biggest feud as a team was with The Midnight Express (Bobby Eaton and Stan Lane), managed by Jim Cornette. The Midnight Express were never able to beat Windham and Garvin for the titles. Windham and Garvin eventually lost these titles to Ivan Koloff and Dick Murdoch in the spring of 1987, shortly before the annual Jim Crockett Memorial Tag Team Tournament (also known as the Crockett Cup). At this time, Windham also formed an alliance with Lex Luger, who would turn his back on Windham when they were both in the NWA shortly afterward when Luger had aspirations of joiningThe Four Horsemen.^[21] Rather than enter the tournament as a team, the NWA split up Windham and Garvin. Ronnie Garvin instead teamed up with his stepson Jimmy Garvin (in the storyline of the NWA, they were called the Garvin brothers, but Ronnie was actually Jimmy's stepfather). Windham instead of partnering up with someone in the tournament, was booked to face Ric Flair for the NWA World Championship in what would be another classic match between the two. Flair defeated Windham with a controversial pinfall after a little over 25 minutes of action.^[22]

Windham spent the rest of 1987 in NWA's mid-card division. On June 20, 1987, Windham defeated Black Bart in a tournament final to win the short-lived NWA Western States Heritage Championship, becoming first champion.^[6][23] He defended the title against the likes of Rick Steiner,^[24] Big Bubba Rogers^[25] and Incubus.^[26] The title was also recognized by Bill Watts' Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF).^[21] He began climbing up the ranks of UWF. At NWA's first pay-per-view (PPV), Starrcade 1987: Chi-Town Heat, he lost to UWF Heavyweight Champion "Dr. Death" Steve Williams.^[27] In 1988, Windham began rising up in the NWA ranks again. He started off by dropping the Western States Heritage Title to Larry Zbyszko at Bunkhouse Stampede.^[28]

Four Horsemen (1988–1989)[link]

On March 27, 1988 edition of Clash of the Champions, he teamed up with Lex Luger to win the NWA World Tag Team Championship from Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard.^[29][30] A few weeks later, on April 20, in Jacksonville, Florida, a swerve took place where Windham betrayed Luger causing the team to lose the titles back to Blanchard and Anderson. Windham turned heel and joined Ric Flair's stable, the Four Horsemen (which also consisted of Anderson and Blanchard) and his heel turn was considered shocking at the time.^[31] In addition, he began using a black glove as well as the clawhold as his finisher, which was a signature move of his father Blackjack Mulligan. He went back to singles competition and defeated Nikita Koloff in a tournament final to win the vacant NWA United States Heavyweight Championship when NWA suspended then-champion Dusty Rhodes.^[32][33] Windham was a dominant US Champion, who reigned for nine months. He defended the title against the likes of Brad Armstrong,^[34] Dusty Rhodes,^[35] Sting^[36] and Bam Bam Bigelow^[37] before dropping it to Lex Luger at Chi-Town Rumble in February 1989.^[38] His contract with NWA expired in March 1989.^[1]

Return to the WWF (1989)[link]

Windham returned to the WWF in June 1989 as the Widowmaker. Despite the nickname, Windham did not change his image much, portraying a heel cowboy type character. He went undefeated for four months and was to have been on Randy Savage's Survivor Series team, but was replaced by the Canadian Earthquake as Windham left the company in October due to undisclosed personal reasons. Windham's father and brother were actually getting ready to go to jail on counterfeiting charges so he asked the WWF for his release.

World Championship Wrestling (1990–1994)[link]

Rejoining the Four Horsemen (1990–1991)[link]

In May 1990, Windham returned to WCW and rejoined the Four Horsemen which at that point consisted of Ric Flair, Arn Anderson, Sid Vicious, and Ole Anderson, who was only semi-active at the time and permanently became their manager once Windham joined. He defeated Doug Furnas on June 13, 1990 edition of Clash of the Champions. He spent most of the time that year in tag team matches with the other Horsemen as partners.^[39] At Halloween Havoc 1990, Windham was involved in a controversial match between Sid Vicious and then NWA World Champion Sting. Vicious appeared to pin Sting and win the championship, but it was actually Windham who was dressed like Sting. Once the hoax was noticed, the match was restarted and the real Sting defeated Sid Vicious.^[40] Windham spent the rest of the year teaming with Arn Anderson in the continuation of a feud between the Four Horsemen and then NWA World Tag Team Champions, Doom. At Starrcade 1990: Collision Course, Windham and Anderson wrestled Doom to a no contest in a Street Fight when a member of each team was pinned.^[41]

A famous vignette was shot in an Atlanta, GA ghetto before a series of match ups between Barry Windham & Arn Anderson and the tag team of Doom (Ron Simmons and Hacksaw Butch Reed). A famous quote from Arn Anderson to Barry Windham, "Ya know something BW, when I took a look at this dump, it ain't the Helmsley college, pal!." Barry responds, Ya, but it's a lot cheaper!"

In 1991, Windham continued teaming with Arn Anderson and Sid Vicious.^[1] Windham feuded with Brian Pillman in the spring of 1991, culminating in a taped fist match at SuperBrawl I: Return of the Rising Sun, which Windham won.^[42] As the middle of the year approached, controversy erupted in the WCW (which the NWA became fully known as from then on) when WCW World Heavyweight Champion, Ric Flair, was fired by the company, causing the title to be vacant. Windham was then elevated to the number 2 contender spot and faced Lex Luger in a steel cage match to declare the new champion. At The Great American Bash 1991, Windham lost the match to Luger in a double turn as Luger became the top bad guy of WCW and Windham becoming one of the most popular, due to Luger's cheating tactics and his involvement with heel manager Harley Race. This, and Windham's dogged determination to win the belt after years as a perennial upper-mid carder got Windham over in terms of popularity with the fans again despite still not winning the world championship. It's rumored that Flair was going to drop the title to Windham at a TV taping in Georgia, but was fired before it could happen.^[43]

Face turn (1991–1992)[link]

In October 1991, Windham formed a tag team with Dustin Rhodes and feuded with WCW World Tag Team Champions The Enforcers (Arn Anderson and Larry Zbyszko). At Halloween Havoc 1991: Chamber of Horrors, Anderson and Zbyszko slammed a car door on Windham's hand, breaking it, and putting him out of action for a while (including that night's Chamber of Horrors match, where he was replaced by El Gigante). That also led to Ricky Steamboat stepping in as the mystery partner for Rhodes at the Clash of the Champions that November.^[1] Steamboat and Rhodes won the titles.^[1] Windham, meanwhile, would come back a couple of months later to feud with Anderson, Zbyszko, and the rest of what was now the Dangerous Alliance. Windham would feud with TV Champion "Stunning" Steve Austin in the spring of 1992. On the May 9, 1992 edition of Saturday Night, he defeated Austin in a two out of three falls match to win the WCW World Television Championship.^[5][44] He dropped the title back to Austin on the June 13 edition of WorldWide.^[45]

On a taped edition of Saturday Night on September 2, Windham teamed with Dustin Rhodes to defeat Steve Williams and Terry Gordy for the unified WCW World Tag Team Championship and NWA World Tag Team Championship (their NWA title reign is not recognized by NWA); the match would air on October 3.^[7] They held the belts for about two months before losing them to Steamboat and Shane Douglas in a memorable match on November 18 edition of Clash of the Champions. Windham turned on Rhodes after the match when Rhodes refused to pin Steamboat after an accidental low blow.^[46]

Heel turn (1992–1994)[link]

At the end of the year, Windham teamed with Brian Pillman, who had also turned heel, to pursue the titles he and Rhodes lost, but ended up losing to Steamboat and Douglas at Starrcade 1992: Battlebowl/The Lethal Lottery II.^[47]

Windham became a full time singles wrestler in January 1993 and pursued the NWA World Championship held by The Great Muta. He defeated Muta for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship at SuperBrawl III.^[3][48] Ric Flair, who returned to WCW that night, tried to present Windham with the belt, but when Windham saw it was Flair trying to put the belt around his waist, he took the belt and walked away.^[49] Flair and Anderson tried to recruit Windham to join the Horsemen again, but Windham declined and became the "Lone Wolf," feuding with Flair and Anderson. He successfully defended the title against Anderson at Slamboree 1993: A Legend's Reunion.^[50] After a successful title defense against 2 Cold Scorpio,^[51] Windham dropped the NWA belt to Flair at Beach Blast 1993,^[52] then disappeared from wrestling for almost a year, where he took on Flair again at Slamboree 1994: A Legend's Reunion for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. For weeks leading up to the match, WCW lead fans to believe it would be Hulk Hogan coming to challenge Flair, saying a 6'7", 300 lbs blond haired former World Champion was the masked man that Col. Robert Parker's Stud Stable was bringing in to challenge Flair as his "Stable Stud." It was revealed to be Barry Windham. Flair won again and Windham dropped out of sight for over two years.^[53]

Return to the WWF (1996–1998)[link]

The Stalker (1996)[link]

Windham would again return to the WWF in late 1996, this time as "The Stalker", wearing camouflage face paint as well as being billed from "The Environment". Windham's success with this gimmick was hampered by last minute changes. Windham cut promos as a heel, displaying The Stalker as a deranged and dangerous former military man and was scheduled to start a feud with Marc Mero. Mero, however, refused to agree to the planned storyline that would have been kick started by The Stalker stalking Sable and (kayfabe) cutting her throat. Following Mero's rejection of this plot point their whole program was scrapped and Stalker was introduced with little fanfare as a babyface. For a short time, he renewed his feud with Rhodes (as Goldust). In Windham's only pay-per-view appearance with this gimmick, he was eliminated from a Survivor Series match at Survivor Series 1996 by Goldust. Stalker's teammate, however, the debuting Rocky Maivia, became the sole survivor of the match.^[54]

The New Blackjacks (1997–1998)[link]

Windham later formed The New Blackjacks with Justin "Hawk" Bradshaw in 1997.^[55] That team didn't last long, as Windham turned on Bradshaw to join Jim Cornette's "NWA faction" in 1998.^[1] The angle was scrapped months later, and Windham left for WCW again.

Return to WCW (1998–1999)[link]

In his last World Championship Wrestling run, Barry Windham was originally brought back to WCW by Eric Bischoff who had him turn on Ric Flair. Barry was then loosely associated with Bischoff's nWo Hollywood for a while before forming a tag team with Curt Hennig. At SuperBrawl IX, Hennig and Windham defeated Chris Benoit and Dean Malenko in the finals of a tag team tournament to win the vacant WCW World Tag Team Championship.^[7][56]

Barry reinjured his knee during this period but would return as part of The "West Texas Rednecks" in mid 1999. They were supposed to be a heel group to feud with rapper Master P's "No Limit Soldiers" but the southern fans of WCW cheered the Rednecks, going against what WCW management and booking had hoped for, and the angle was eventually dropped. The group consisted of his brother Kendall Windham, Curt Hennig, and Bobby Duncum, Jr.; Duncum was replaced by Curly Bill after he was injured and shortly before the group was disbanded and the Rednecks storyline was dropped.^[57] On August 23, 1999 edition of Nitro, the Windham brothers defeated Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) to win their final WCW World Tag Team Championship,^[7][58] before losing the titles back to Harlem Heat at Fall Brawl 1999.^[59] Both Barry and Kendall were shortly after released by WCW.

By the end of 1999, they all had left WCW and Barry worked for Ted DiBiase's promotion WXO and World Wrestling Council, where he won the latter's World Tag Team Championship in Puerto Rico with brother Kendall.

Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling and semi–retirement (2001–present)[link]

By 2001, Windham began competing on the American independent scene in the Florida-based Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling, where he won their Heavyweight Championship and held it for the better part of a year.^[2] He also became part of the Xtreme Horsemen in stable with Steve Corino and C.W. Anderson. They feuded with Dusty and Dustin Rhodes.

Barry's last appearances were at Major League Wrestling's War Games,^[60] a one time U.S. Express Reunion with Mike Rotunda at WrestleReunion I,^[61] and on the "WrestleMania Rewind" episode of Raw on March 10, 2008 in a rematch from the first WrestleMania.^[62]

Windham worked as a producer for WWE. In 2007, he appeared on the Ric Flair and the Four Horsemen DVD. Barry was also seen during the 2007 WWE Hall of Fame broadcast, sitting next to former partner John "Bradshaw" Layfield. In June 2007, Windham did the introduction of SuperBrawl III for WWE 24/7. On December 31, 2008, he was released by the WWE.

In the evening of October 26, 2011 Barry was taken into intensive care in Florida, his father posted a message to Facebook saying "I have a son near death".^[63]

Personal life[link]

Windham has a son named Callan and a daughter named Abby with his ex-wife, Kebra.

On October 26, 2011 it was reported that he was hospitalized for either a very serious stroke or heart attack and was in an ICU unit.^[64] He was found at his ranch by his brother-in-law Mike Rotunda.^[65] His family confirmed that Windham suffered a heart attack. His father described him as "near death". He was later moved to a facility in Orlando for a MRI on his neck due to the fall he took from the heart attack.^[66]

In wrestling[link]

• Finishing moves
  • Lariat^{[1][67][68][69][70]} – adopted from his father, Blackjack Mulligan
  • Superplex,^[1] sometimes floated over into a pin^[67][70][71]

• Signature moves
  • Backdrop suplex^{[67][68][69][70]}
  • Dropkick^[68]
  • Elbow drop^[70][71]
  • Eyes rake^[71][72]
  • Figure four leglock
  • Flapjack^[69]
  • Flying lariat^[1][68]
  • Gutwrench into either a kneeling powerbomb^[67] or a suplex^[72]
  • Head vice^[1] – adopted from his father, Blackjack Mulligan
  • Hip toss^[67]
  • Implant DDT^{[1][68][69][70][72]}
  • Schoolboy pin
  • Scoop slam^[67][71]
  • Sleeper hold^[69][70]
  • Sunset Flip^[1]
  • Uppercut, sometimes to the opponent's throat^{[67][68][71][72]}
  • Vertical suplex,^[67][69] sometimes floated over into a pin^[68][72]

• Managers
  • James J. Dillon
  • Curly Bill

Championships and accomplishments[link]

• Championship Wrestling from Florida
  • NWA Florida Global Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ron Bass^[73]
  • NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (6 times)^[74]
  • NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Mike Graham (1) and Scott McGhee (1)^[75]
  • NWA Florida Television Championship (3 times)^[76]
  • NWA North American Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) – with Mike Graham^[77]
  • NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version) (2 times)^[78]
  • NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (3 times) – with Mike Rotunda^[10]

• Jim Crockett Promotions / World Championship Wrestling
  • NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)^[4]
  • NWA United States Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ron Garvin^[8]
  • NWA Western States Heritage Championship (1 time)^[6]
  • NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)^[3]
  • NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Dustin Rhodes^1[79]
  • NWA World (Mid-Atlantic)/WCW World Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Lex Luger (1), Dustin Rhodes (1), Curt Hennig (1), and Kendall Windham (1)^[7]
  • WCW World Television Championship (1 time)^[5]

• Music City Wrestling
  • NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)^[80]

• NWA All-Star Wrestling (North Carolina)
  • NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Tully Blanchard^1[79]

• NWA New England
  • NWA New England Heavyweight Championship (1 time)^[81]

• NWA Southern Championship Wrestling
  • NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Tennessee version) (2 times)^[82]

• Pro Wrestling Illustrated
  • PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1982)
  • PWI ranked him #35 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003^[83]

• Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling
  • TCW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)^{[citation needed]}

• World Wrestling Council
  • WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Kendall Windham^[84]

• World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
  • WWF World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Mike Rotunda^[9]

• WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2012)^[85]

• Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
  • Rookie of the Year (1980)
  • Match of the Year (1986) vs. Ric Flair on February 14
  • 5 Star Match (1987) vs. Ric Flair at the Crockett Cup Tournament on April 11
  • 5 Star Match (1991) with Ric Flair, Larry Zbyszko, & Sid Vicious vs. Brian Pillman, Sting, Rick Steiner, & Scott Steiner (February 24, WarGames match, WrestleWar)
  • 5 Star Match (1992) with Nikita Koloff, Ricky Steamboat, Sting & Dustin Rhodes vs. Rick Rude, Steve Austin, Arn Anderson, Bobby Eaton, & Larry Zbyszko (May 17, WarGames Match, WrestleWar)

¹The title was won by Windham and Blanchard in a small North Carolina NWA affiliated promotion. However, it should not be confused with the more prominent NWA All-Star Wrestling promotion that operated out of Vancouver, British Columbia from the early '60s to the late '80s.

References[link]

External links[link]

Professional wrestling portal

• Barry Windham's Online World of Wrestling Profile
• Barry Windham's Accelerator 3359 Bio