Look up note in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Note, notes, or NOTE may refer to:

• Note, a musical note
• Note, a security (finance), a type of bond
• Banknote, a form of cash currency, also known as bill in the United States and Canada
• Note (perfumery), a scent experienced as a perfume fades

Writing, texts and documents

• Note (typography), a commentary or reference appended to a text
• A short (of notification) letter or memorandum
• Note verbale, a diplomatic letter or document, also known as Third Person Note or Third Party Note
• Promissory note, a contract binding one party to pay money to a second party

Technology and science

• Samsung Galaxy Note, an Android smartphone and tablet computer
• Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), a type of minimally invasive surgery
• The NOTE tag used in source code for computer programs
• IBM Lotus Notes, a client-server, collaborative application owned by IBM Software Group
• Notes (ノーツ, Nōtsu^?), another name for the Japanese video game company Type-Moon

Publications

• Notes is the quarterly journal of the Music Library Association

Television

• A common (yet unofficial) shortened version of the title of the American situation comedy, Notes from the Underbelly

Entertainment

• Notes (album), a 1987 album by Paul Bley and Paul Motian

See also[link]

• Notation (disambiguation)
• The Note (disambiguation)
• Liner notes

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Jay Adelson
Born	(1970-09-07) September 7, 1970 (age 41) Detroit, Michigan
Nationality	United States
Occupation	Internet entrepreneur
Spouse	Brenda Shea (m. 1996) «start: (1996)»"Marriage: Brenda Shea to Jay Adelson" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Jay_Adelson)

Jay Adelson (born Jay Steven Adelson, September 7, 1970) is an is an American Internet entrepreneur.^[1] His Internet career includes Netcom, DEC's Palo Alto Internet Exchange, co-founder of Equinix, Revision3 and Digg, and CEO of SimpleGeo, Inc before they were purchased by Urban Airship.^[2][3] In 2008, Adelson was named a member of Time Magazine's Top 100 Most Influential People in the World^[4] and was listed as a finalist on the same list in 2009.^[5]

Early life[link]

Adelson was born in Detroit, Michigan and lived in Southfield, Michigan as a child.^[6] He attended Cranbrook Kingswood School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan until he left for college.^[7] He attended Boston University in 1988, where he studied Film and Broadcasting along with a concentration in Computer Science, graduating in 1992.^[8]

Later life[link]

In 1992, Adelson moved to San Rafael, California to pursue a career in post-production sound engineering. After a period of time and world travel, Adelson moved to San Francisco, California in 1993, pursuing instead a career in Internet infrastructure and entrepreneurism. Adelson met Brenda Shea, in May 1994, and they were married in June 1996.^[6][9]

After his experiences at Equinix and stresses associated with his work with government on cybersecurity following 9/11, Adelson moved to Pawling, New York in June 2004.^[9] Adelson commuted from New York to San Francisco to found and operate Revision3 and Digg, eventually moving back to Mill Valley, California in the summer of 2009.^[1][10] Elements of these experiences are documented in Sarah Lacy's book, Once You're Lucky, Twice You're Good, where a chapter on Adelson, titled "Fuck the Sweatervests."^[11]

On July 15, 2003, he testified before the United States House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology, as part of an industry panel on "The Private Sector's Role in Keeping America's Cyberspace Secure."^[12]

Career History[link]

Netcom[link]

In 1993, Adelson joined Netcom, one of the first global ISPs, as an Installation Coordinator, and shortly moved-up to Director of Network Operations. At the time of his departure in 1996, Adelson was responsible for network engineering, operations and customer service.^[9][13] While at Netcom, In February 1995, Adelson was present and managing network operations during the pursuit and capture of former computer hacker Kevin Mitnick by Tsutomu Shimomura.^[14]

PAIX[link]

In late 1996, Adelson worked for Digital Equipment Corporation's Network System Laboratory, specifically Albert M. Avery IV., to build and operate the Palo Alto Internet Exchange (PAIX). It was later renamed the Peering and Internet Exchange after the acquisition by Switch and Data Corporation. Adelson worked along side Stephen Stuart and Paul Vixie to build a datacenter and services suited for scaling the core of Internet traffic. Adelson's efforts led to the facilities success as an Internet Exchange Point. The datacenter and exchange point remain in operation today in Palo Alto, California.^[9][15] PAIX was later acquired by Equinix in Equnix's October, 2009 acquisition of Switch and Data.^[16][17]

Equinix[link]

In June 1998, Adelson and Avery left Digital Equipment Corp and founded Equinix, Inc. (briefly Quark Communications).^[18] Adelson served as Founder and Chief Technology Officer, responsible for the invention, design and construction of Equinix's datacenters and Internet Exchange Points (known by Equinix as Internet Business Exchanges).^[19] Adelson led research and development and was responsible for several patents.^[20][21][22] Adelson also assisted in the raise capital including private equity rounds, a high-yield new entrant bond deal, and an Initial Public Offering in August 2000.^[23]

On July 15, 2003, Adelson testified before the United States House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technologies, as part of an industry panel on "The Private Sector's Role in Keeping America's Cyberspace Secure."^[12]

Revision3[link]

Jay Adelson and Kevin Rose, along with co-founding team that included Ron Gorodetsky, Dan Huard, Keith Harrison and David Prager, founded Revision3 in April 2005.^[24] In addition to co-founding and acting as CEO of Digg, Adelson remained CEO and Chairman of the Board of Revision3 for two and a half years, raising two rounds of capital.^[25][26] Jim Louderback was hired as CEO in June 2007. Adelson remains Chairman of the Board of Revision3 presently and hosts his own show called Ask Jay which demystifies the start-up process by providing advice, tips, and answering questions.^[27]

Digg[link]

Adelson and Kevin Rose, met while Rose was producing an episode of The Screen Savers in 2003 and interviewed Adelson then at Equinix. On December 5, 2004 Kevin Rose, Owen Byrne, Ron Gorodetsky and Jay Adelson start Digg with a $6,000 investment from then 27-year-old Rose.^[28] Adelson continued to provide business mentorship throughout the company's first few months of operation, taking the position of CEO in February, 2005.^[28][29] Adelson raised the first venture capital round which closed in September, 2005.^[30] Adelson recruited the initial management team, set up the offices in San Francisco, and commuted from New York as CEO. Adelson raised two more rounds of capital, leading the company through its peak of over forty million unique visitors a month.^[29][31] Adelson left Digg in April, 2010 over disagreements with Rose and the board over the company's direction and leadership.^[32][33][34]

SimpleGeo[link]

In November 2010, Adelson assumed the role of CEO of SimpleGeo, Inc. when co-founder Matt Galligan stepped down.^[35] SimpleGeo ia a location-aware services company for developers of mobile applications. Adelson had been advising the business, largely stemming from a relationship with the company's founder, Joseph Carl Stump, who served as Lead Architect at Digg, Inc. previously.^[13] In October 2011 SimpleGeo was purchased by Urban Airship and Jay resumed his advising role.^[3]

Boards and Advisorships[link]

Adelson sits on the board of 3Crowd Technologies, Inc., Revision3 Corporation, and SimpleGeo, Inc. He also advises companies, including NewsBasis, Graphic.ly, Fflick (sold to Google/YouTube in 2011), RoqBot, Plex, and Attachments.me.^{[36][37][38][39]}

Interviews and Keynotes[link]

• FastCompany, July 2011 Co.Location: SimpleGeo
• NBC Press Here, March 2011 Jay Adelson, SimpleGeo
• This Week in Tech, October 2010 TWiT Live Specials 45: Live With Jay Adelson
• FailCon, October 2010 Part 1 Part 2
• BammTV, October 2010 Jay Adelson of Digg.com and Revision3 Interview
• Cranbrook School, October 2010 Sirchio Lecture
• CNBC Meeting of the Minds, June 2010 The Future of Technology
• FutureMidwest, April 2010 We Need Crazy
• Web 2.0, November 2009 A Conversation with Jay Adelson and Kevin Rose
• NBC Bay Area, May 2009 Meet The Man Behind Digg.com
• Web 2.0, September 2008 Organizing Chaos: The Growth of Collaborative Filters
• Forbes, November 2006 Putting A Price On Digg
• Venture Voice, August 2006 VV Show #37 - Jay Adelson of Digg
• Screen Savers, Fall 2003 Kevin Rose interviews Jay Adelson at Equinix for Screen Savers on TechTV
• TechTV, September 26, 2001 TechTV - Jay Adelson of Equinix interviewed about Exodus Communications Bankruptcy

References[link]

External links[link]

• Digg
• Revision3
• Ask Jay
• Equinix, Inc.
• SimpleGeo, Inc.
• 3Crowd Technologies, Inc.
• CrunchBase

Johann Strauss II

Johann Strauss II (October 25, 1825 – June 3, 1899), also known as Johann Baptist Strauss or Johann Strauss, Jr., the Younger, or the Son (German: Sohn), was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and a ballet. In his lifetime, he was known as "The Waltz King", and was largely then responsible for the popularity of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.

Strauss was born in St. Ulrich (now a part of Neubau), the son of Johann Strauss I, another composer of dance music. His father did not wish him to become a composer, but rather a banker; however, the son defied his father's wishes, and went on to study music with the composer Joseph Drechsler and the violin with Anton Kollmann, the ballet répétiteur of the Vienna Court Opera. Strauss had two younger brothers, Josef and Eduard Strauss, who became composers of light music as well, although they were never as well known as their elder brother.

Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include The Blue Danube, Kaiser-Walzer, Tales from the Vienna Woods, the Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka, and the Pizzicato Polka. Among his operettas, Die Fledermaus and Der Zigeunerbaron are the most well-known.

Early life[link]

His father, Johann Strauss I, in an etching from 1835

Strauss was born in St. Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on October 25, 1825, to the famous composer Johann Strauss I. His father did not want him to become a musician but rather a banker.^[1] Nevertheless, Strauss Junior studied the violin secretly as a child with the first violinist of his father's orchestra, Franz Amon.^[1] When his father discovered his son secretly practising on a violin one day, he gave him a severe whipping, saying that he was going to beat the music out of the boy.^[2] It seems that rather than trying to avoid a Strauss rivalry, the elder Strauss only wanted his son to escape the rigours of a musician's life.^[3] It was only when the father abandoned his family for a mistress, Emilie Trampusch, that the son was able to concentrate fully on a career as a composer with the support of his mother.^[4]

Strauss studied counterpoint and harmony with theorist Professor Joachim Hoffmann,^[1] who owned a private music school. His talents were also recognized by composer Joseph Drechsler, who taught him exercises in harmony. His other violin teacher, Anton Kollmann, who was the ballet répétiteur of the Vienna Court Opera, also wrote excellent testimonials for him. Armed with these, he approached the Viennese authorities to apply for a license to perform.^[5] He initially formed his small orchestra where he recruited his members at the Zur Stadt Belgrad tavern, where musicians seeking work could be hired easily.^[6]

Debut as a composer[link]

Johann Strauss in his younger years

Johann Strauss I's influence over the local entertainment establishments meant that many of them were wary of offering the younger Strauss a contract for fear of angering the father.^[4] Strauss Jr. was able to persuade the Dommayer's Casino in Hietzing, a suburb of Vienna, to allow him to perform.^[7] The elder Strauss, in anger at his son's disobedience, and at that of the proprietor, refused to ever play at the Dommayer's Casino again,^[8] which had been the site of many of his earlier triumphs.

Strauss made his debut at Dommayer's in October 1844, where he performed some of his first works, such as the waltzes "Sinngedichte", Op. 1 and "Gunstwerber", Op. 4 and the polka "Herzenslust", Op. 3.^[1] Critics and the press were unanimous in their praise for Strauss's music. A critic for Der Wanderer commented that "Strauss’s name will be worthily continued in his son; children and children’s children can look forward to the future, and three-quarter time will find a strong footing in him."^[1]

Strauss at the beginning of his career.

Despite the initial fanfare, Strauss found his early years as a composer difficult, but he soon won over audiences after accepting commissions to perform away from home. The first major appointment for the young composer was his award of the honorary position of "Kapellmeister of the 2nd Vienna Citizen's Regiment", which had been left vacant following Joseph Lanner's death two years before.^[9]

Vienna was wracked by a bourgeois revolution on February 24, 1848, and the intense rivalry between father and son became much more apparent. Johann Jr. decided to side with the revolutionaries. It was a decision that was professionally disadvantageous, as the Austrian royalty twice denied him the much coveted 'KK Hofballmusikdirektor' position, which was first designated especially for Johann I in recognition of his musical contributions. Further, the younger Strauss was also arrested by the Viennese authorities for publicly playing "La Marseillaise", but was later acquitted.^[10] The elder Strauss remained loyal to the monarchy, and composed his "Radetzky March", Op. 228 (dedicated to the Habsburg field marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz), which would become one of his best-known compositions.^[11]

When the elder Strauss died from scarlet fever in Vienna in 1849, the younger Strauss merged both their orchestras and engaged in further tours.^[1] Later, he also composed a number of patriotic marches dedicated to the Habsburg Emperor Franz Josef I, such as the "Kaiser Franz-Josef Marsch" Op. 67 and the "Kaiser Franz Josef Rettungs Jubel-Marsch" Op. 126, probably to ingratiate himself in the eyes of the new monarch, who ascended to the Austrian throne after the 1848 revolution.^[1]

Career advancements[link]

Strauss Jr. eventually surpassed his father's fame, and became one of the most popular waltz composers of the era, extensively touring Austria–Hungary, Poland, and Germany with his orchestra. He applied for the KK Hofballmusikdirektor Music Director of the Royal Court Balls position, which he eventually attained in 1863,^[1] after being denied several times before for his frequent brushes with the local authorities.

In 1853, due to constant mental and physical demands, Strauss suffered a nervous breakdown.^[1] He took a seven-week vacation in the countryside in the summer of that year, on the advice of doctors. Johann's younger brother Josef was persuaded by his family to abandon his career as an engineer and take command of Johann's orchestra in the interim.^[1]

In 1855, Strauss accepted commissions from the management of the Tsarskoye-Selo Railway Company of Saint Petersburg to play in Russia for the Vauxhall Pavilion at Pavlovsk in 1856. He would return to perform in Russia every year until 1865.^[1]

Later, in the 1870s, Strauss and his orchestra toured the United States, where he took part in the Boston Festival at the invitation of bandmaster Patrick Gilmore and was the lead conductor in a 'Monster Concert' of over 1000 performers,^[12] performing his "Blue Danube" waltz, amongst other pieces, to great acclaim.^[12]

Marriages[link]

Strauss married the singer Henrietta Treffz in 1862, and they remained together until her death in 1878.^[1] Six weeks after her death,^[1][13] Strauss married the actress Angelika Dittrich. Dittrich was not a fervent supporter of his music, and their differences in status and opinion, and especially her indiscretion, led him to seek a divorce.^[1]

Strauss was not granted a divorce by the Roman Catholic Church, and therefore changed religion and nationality, and became a citizen of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in January 1887.^[1] Strauss sought solace in his third wife Adele Deutsch, whom he married in August 1882. She encouraged his creative talent to flow once more in his later years, resulting in many famous compositions, such as the operettas Der Zigeunerbaron and Waldmeister, and the waltzes "Kaiser-Walzer" Op. 437, "Kaiser Jubiläum" Op. 434, and "Klug Gretelein" Op. 462.

Musical rivals and admirers[link]

Johann Strauss and Johannes Brahms photographed in Vienna.

Although Strauss was the most sought-after composer of dance music in the latter half of the 19th century, stiff competition was present in the form of Karl Michael Ziehrer and Émile Waldteufel; the latter held a commanding position in Paris.^[14] Phillip Fahrbach also denied the younger Strauss the commanding position of the KK Hofballmusikdirektor when the latter first applied for the post. The German operetta composer Jacques Offenbach, who made his name in Paris, also posed a challenge to Strauss in the operetta field.^[15]

Strauss was admired by other prominent composers: Richard Wagner once admitted that he liked the waltz "Wein, Weib und Gesang" Op. 333.^[16] Richard Strauss (unrelated to the Strauss family), when writing his Rosenkavalier waltzes, said in reference to Johann Strauss, "How could I forget the laughing genius of Vienna?"^[17]

Johannes Brahms was a personal friend of Strauss; the latter dedicated his waltz "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" ("Be Embraced, You Millions!"), Op. 443, to him.^[18] A story is told in biographies of both men that Strauss's wife Adele approached Brahms with a customary request that he autograph her fan. It was usual for the composer to inscribe a few measures of his best-known music, and then sign his name. Brahms, however, inscribed a few measures from the "Blue Danube", and then wrote beneath it: "Unfortunately, NOT by Johannes Brahms."^[19]

Stage works[link]

The most famous of Strauss' operettas are Die Fledermaus, Eine Nacht in Venedig, and Der Zigeunerbaron. Notwithstanding their general lack of modern popularity, there are many dance pieces drawn from themes of his operettas, such as "Cagliostro-Walzer" Op. 370 (from Cagliostro in Wien), "O Schöner Mai" Walzer Op. 375 (from Prinz Methusalem), "Rosen aus dem Süden" Walzer Op. 388 (from Das Spitzentuch der Königin), and "Kuss-Walzer" op. 400 (from Der lustige Krieg), that have survived obscurity and become well-known. Strauss also wrote an opera, Ritter Pázmán,^[20] and was in the middle of composing a ballet, Aschenbrödel, when he died in 1899.^[21]

Death and legacy[link]

A statue of the Waltz King in Stadtpark, Vienna

Silhouette by Otto Böhler

Strauss was diagnosed with pleural pneumonia in the spring of 1899,^[21] and died in Vienna, at the age of 73. He was buried in the Zentralfriedhof. At the time of his death, he was still composing his ballet Aschenbrödel.^[21]

Strauss's music is now regularly performed at the annual Neujahrskonzert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, as a result of the efforts by Clemens Krauss who performed a special all-Strauss programme in 1929 with the Viennese orchestra. Many distinguished Strauss interpreters include Willi Boskovsky,^[22] who carried on the "Vorgeiger" tradition of conducting with violin in hand, as is the Strauss family custom, as well as Herbert von Karajan and the opera conductor Riccardo Muti. In addition, the Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Strauss family so famous.^[23]

Most of the Strauss works that are performed today may once have existed in a slightly different form, as Eduard Strauss destroyed much of the original Strauss orchestral archives in a furnace factory in Vienna's Mariahilf district in 1907.^[24] Eduard, then the only surviving brother of the three, took this drastic precaution after agreeing to a pact between himself and brother Josef that whoever outlived the other was to destroy their works. The measure was intended to prevent the Strauss family's works from being claimed by another composer. This may also have been fueled by Strauss's rivalry with another of Vienna's popular waltz and march composers, Karl Michael Ziehrer.^[25]

Portrayals in the media[link]

The lives of the Strauss dynasty members and their world-renowned craft of composing Viennese waltzes are also briefly documented in several television adaptations, such as The Strauss Family (1972), The Strauss Dynasty (1991)^[26] and Strauss, the King of 3/4 Time (1995).^[27] Many other films used his works and melodies, and several films have been based upon the life of the musician, the most famous of which is called The Great Waltz (1938).^[28]

Alfred Hitchcock made a low-budget biographical film of Strauss in 1933 called Waltzes from Vienna.^[29] After a trip to Vienna, Walt Disney was inspired to create four feature films. One of those was The Waltz King, a loosely adapted biopic of Johann Strauss, which aired as part of the Wonderful World of Disney in the U.S. in 1963.^[30] In Mikhail Bulgakov's 1940 (published 1967) novel, The Master and Margarita, Johann Strauss conducts the orchestra during Satan's Great Ball at the invitation of Behemoth.

A Corny Concerto (1943), a Warner Bros cartoon, directed by Bob Clampett with animation by Robert McKimson, features music that was composed by Johann Strauss, and is a parody of Walt Disney's 1940 Fantasia. The cartoon is narrated by Elmer Fudd, parodying Deems Taylor's appearance in Fantasia.

The 1953 animated short "Johann Mouse" from the series Tom and Jerry features a mouse mesmerised by the playing of several Strauss waltzes by the cat.

	"The Blue Danube"
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Works[link]

See List of operettas by Johann Strauss II and List of compositions by Johann Strauss II.

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Gänzl, Kurt. The Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre (3 Volumes). New York: Schirmer Books, 2001.
• Traubner, Richard. Operetta: A Theatrical History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983.
• Jacob, H. E. Johann Strauss, Father and Son: A Century of Light Music. The Greystone Press, 1940.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Johann Strauss II

Ballet portal

• A complete list of Strauss's compositions
• A complete list of compositions by Johann Strauss II compiled by the Johann Strauss Society of New York
• European Archive Copyright free LP recording of several (abridged) works by Johann Strauss II, at the European Archive (for non-American viewers only).
• Johann Strauss Gallery
• List of Strauss's stage works with date, theatre information and links
• Free scores by Johann Strauss II at the International Music Score Library Project
• www.kreusch-sheet-music.net Free Scores by Strauss
• Free scores by Johann Strauss II in the Werner Icking Music Archive (WIMA)

Johann Strauss III (February 16, 1866 – January 9, 1939; German: Johann Strauß III; also known as Johann Eduard Strauss) was an Austrian composer whose father was Eduard Strauss, whose uncles were Johann Strauss II & Josef Strauss, and whose grandfather was Johann Strauss I. He was unofficially entrusted with the task of upholding his family's tradition after the disbandment of the Strauss Orchestra by his father in 1901. His talents were not fully realised during his lifetime as musical tastes had changed in the Silver Age with more popular composers such as Franz Lehár and Oscar Straus dominating the Viennese musical scene with their operettas, although his uncle, Johann Strauss II, supervised his development as a musician, a fact disputed by Eduard Strauss.

Despite his keen interest in composing, he was better remembered as a conductor. His only stage work, the three-act operetta Katze und Maus, composed in 1898, premiered in Vienna on 23 December 1898, at the Theater an der Wien.^[1] Its public reaction bordered on utter dislike, and music critics called for the distraught composer to reassess himself and to appear under a pseudonym, in order not to tarnish the name of his famous relatives. He salvaged the music score and produced independent pieces of which the waltzes Sylvianen Op. 1 and Leonie Op. 2 survived obscurity.

He also conducted from the violin in the style of the Vorgeiger and of his family. In 1903, he elevated the Strauss family to a new age of development when the Deutsche Grammophon AG of Germany recorded his conducting of the Johann Strauss Orchestra on eight single-sided records of works by his family. Principally, he was the first conductor in the Strauss family to actively conduct works to be recorded by prominent recording companies. His later works, such as Dem Muthigen gehört die Welt (The World Belongs to the Brave), Op. 25, and Krönungs-Walzer (Coronation Waltz), Op. 40, (the latter celebrating the coronation of King Edward VII) were also considerably more popular than his earlier efforts.

Johann Strauss III died in Berlin on 9 January 1939,^[1] aged 72.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Johann Strauss III at Allmusic