Californication is an American dramedy television series that debuted on Showtime on August 13, 2007. The show was created by Tom Kapinos. Hank Moody (David Duchovny) is a troubled novelist who moves to California and suffers from writer's block which complicates his relationships with his longtime girlfriend Karen (Natascha McElhone) and daughter Becca (Madeleine Martin). Californication's other main characters are Charlie Runkle (Evan Handler), Marcy Runkle (Pamela Adlon), and Mia Cross (Madeline Zima). The show has been nominated for and has won several awards, including winning one Emmy Award (nominated for two others) and one Golden Globe Award (nominated for three others). Californication has aired for five complete seasons. Due to strong ratings for the third season premiere, Showtime renewed the show early for a fourth season.[1] Season four began filming in April 2010 and premiered January 9, 2011. The fifth season premiered on Sunday, January 8, 2012.[2] The show was renewed for a sixth season on February 1, 2012.[3]
The series revolves around Hank Moody, a novelist plagued by personal demons. He blames his longtime writer's block on a variety of reasons, ranging from the hedonism of Los Angeles to the departure of his girlfriend Karen. Hank constantly deals with the consequences of his inability to say "no" to drugs, sex, and alcohol, while trying to show his family that he can be a good, responsible, caring father to Becca and a monogamous partner to Karen.
The show was renewed for a second season on September 7, 2007.[4] The season 1 finale, titled "The Last Waltz" (in homage to Martin Scorsese's concert film[5]), originally aired on Showtime on October 29, 2007. Season 2 began filming in April 2008,[6] and was underway as of June 2008.[7] The premiere episode of season 2 aired September 28, 2008. The first season was released on DVD in the US on June 17, 2008. Showtime renewed Californication for a third season,[8] which premiered on Sunday September 27, 2009 at 10 pm.
The show is laced with rock culture references. It frequently alludes to Warren Zevon, featured Henry Rollins in a guest appearance, and some of the episode titles ("Filthy Lucre", "Turn The Page") allude to album and song names (Sex Pistols' "Filthy Lucre Live" and Bob Seger's "Turn the Page", respectively), as well as some character names (Hank's lawyer in season 4 is called Abby Rhodes). In addition, all three of Hank's novels are named for Slayer albums.[5]
Season 1 (August 13 – October 29, 2007) followed Hank and the other main characters in the months leading up to Karen's planned marriage to Bill, a Los Angeles publisher. Hank is wallowing deep in self-loathing following the release of A Crazy Little Thing Called Love, a drastically altered and watered-down (yet commercially popular) movie adaptation of his most recent novel, God Hates Us All.[9]
After picking up a younger woman in a bookstore and eventually having sex with her, Hank finds out that she is actually Bill's 16-year-old daughter, Mia. Hank spends most of his time drinking and not writing. Meanwhile, Mia continues to harass Hank during his visits to his family. She uses the threat of exposing his illegal sex with her as leverage to extort stories from him that she passes off as her own for her high school creative-writing class. The death of Hank's father triggers an alcohol-fueled binge and a sexual encounter with Karen.
After his father's funeral, Hank stays in New York to finish a manuscript for a new novella. However, upon returning to L.A., he believes the original copy to be lost when he is carjacked. Mia, however, had previously copied the original and takes credit for it herself. On Karen and Bill's wedding day, Hank chooses to accept the way things are; but, as he leaves the reception with his daughter Becca, Karen runs out and jumps into his car, presumably to re-start their life together.
On June 3, 2008 Showtime released the season one soundtrack Temptation: Music From The Showtime Series Californication; it features music from the original series. Artists included on the soundtrack are The Rolling Stones, Peeping Tom, My Morning Jacket, The Doors, Tommy Stinson, Bob Dylan, Harvey Danger, Madeleine Martin, Gus Black, Mexican institute of sound, Warren Zevon, The Heavy, Champion, Steve Earle, Elton John, and two original tracks created for the show by Tyler Bates and Tree Adams.
In Season 2 (September 28 – December 14, 2008), the newly reunited couple of Hank and Karen seems to be working out, their house is on the market, and Becca seems happy again. Hank gets a vasectomy and attends a party invited by Sonja, a woman he had sex with in Season 1. A mistake and a fight with an obnoxious police officer lands Hank in jail, where he meets Lew Ashby, world-famous record producer, who commissions Hank to write his biography.
Charlie loses his job because of masturbating in his office several times and becomes the paternal figure and agent of a porn star named Daisy. Charlie decides to get into the porn industry and spends the majority of his and Marcy's nest egg financing the artsy porn movie Vaginatown (a take on Chinatown), starring Daisy. Marcy goes into rehab for her cocaine addiction, and Charlie starts an affair with Daisy. Hank proposes to Karen on the night they discover Hank could be the father of Sonja's child, and Karen says, "No". Karen decides she and Hank can't be together, leading Hank to go back to his old ways and continuing the show's centrality on clandestine sexuality.
Hank moves in with Ashby, who starts a romance with Mia (much to Hank's dismay). Becca finds a boyfriend named Damien. Mia's book becomes a hit; and Ashby holds a party in its honor, where Damien cheats on Becca and Charlie decides to divorce Marcy to get together with Daisy. After the party, Hank sees that Ashby's old girlfriend (The One That Got Away) has finally shown up to see Lew. When Hank goes upstairs to get him, Ashby dies after snorting heroin, which he had mistaken for cocaine.
Hank finishes Ashby's biography. Charlie ends up working in a BMW dealership in the Valley, introducing himself as Chuck Runkle. Sonja's baby is born and is biracial, making it clear that Hank cannot be the father. Hank and Karen are slowly starting to get together again. Karen is offered a job in New York; and Hank is happy to go back to New York with her; but, when Damien apologizes to Becca and the two get back together again, Hank decides it would be wrong to take Becca out of Los Angeles. He decides to stay, while Karen starts her job in New York. The season closes with Karen's plane leaving for New York and Hank and Becca walking on the Venice boardwalk.
Season 3 (September 27 – December 13, 2009)[8] began where Season 2 ended, with the key elements including Hank becoming a teacher, his ongoing relationship with his daughter Becca, and the various shenanigans he gets into when he is set loose on a college campus.
The focus of Hank's relationship with Becca moved from friendly to decidedly more moody as she progresses through her teenage years. Hank continued his battle with his inability as a father as he watched his daughter become more like him than he wanted. This was mixed with various relationships with women of differing ages that complicated his relationship with his long-time love Karen.
In the season finale, Hank has recurring nightmares in which he is afloat in a pool, drinking heavily and talking to the women he has recently slept with, who are naked and swimming around him. Karen and Becca are on the side of the pool. In reality, Mia returns to Hank's home and offers the family an invitation to go to the media launch of the paperback version of her book. At the after-party, Hank meets Mia's new boyfriend, who is also her manager. He knows of the history between Mia and Hank and offers Hank a way out by coming clean to the press about the novel and how it came about. However, Hank is unwilling to do so as it will affect Karen and Becca. Upon another meeting, the two men break into a fight, after which Mia's boyfriend threatens to call the police. Hank leaves and goes home to Karen and tells her the truth about sleeping with Mia in season one, and Karen breaks down uncontrollably. The argument breaks out onto the street; and, as Hank attempts to console the still-hysterical Karen, a police car arrives on the scene. Two officers step out of the car; and, when one of them grabs Hank from behind, Hank lashes out and hits him. He is then bundled into the back of the car as Becca runs to try to stop the police. He is taken away, leaving Becca and Karen alone on the street. The final scene shows a dream sequence of Hank in the pool again, drinking out of the bottle. He falls from his seat and drops his drink; and the last shot shows Hank sinking, with the bottle remaining in shot.
Season 4 (January 9, 2011 – March 27, 2011)[10] filming began on April 19, 2010. Guest stars included Carla Gugino as Abby, Hank's lawyer; Zoë Kravitz as Becca's new friend, who gets her to join her all-girl band, Queens of Dogtown;[11] Addison Timlin as Sasha Bingham, a movie star, and Rob Lowe as Eddy Nero, a famous actor who wants to play Hank's character in a movie. Zakk Wylde, singer and guitarist for Black Label Society and former guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne, has a cameo as a guitar shop employee in episode 2 entitled "Suicide Solution", title taken from the Ozzy Osbourne song. Michael Ealy played a new love interest for Karen in four episodes, and Madeline Zima returned as Mia for four episodes.
Season four picks up 72 hours after Hank is arrested at the end of Season 3 and revolves around Hank's thoroughly destroyed life. His secrets have come to light and the world knows that Hank penned Fucking & Punching, also revealing that he slept with Mia. Karen hates Hank's guts and Becca is disappointed in her father, so Hank goes to live at a hotel. Season 4 focuses mostly on Hank's new legal troubles and the development of a movie adaptation of "Fucking & Punching". Other developing story lines include Charlie learning his vasectomy may have been botched and he may have impregnated Marcy, Becca joining an all female rock band, Karen finding a new boyfriend, and the various troubles Hank causes with film production and with his lawyer's attempts to get Hank acquitted of a statutory rape charge with little to no help on Hank's part.
On January 11, 2011 the Californication Season 4 Soundtrack was released[12] The soundtrack features music in Season Four of Californication. Exclusive tracks include Tommy Lee’s solo version of “Home Sweet Home” and three rock covers from the show’s on-screen band Queens of Dogtown. Other artists on the soundtrack are Shooter Jennings & Hierophant, Eagles of Death Metal, Better Than Ezra, My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, Monster Magnet vs. Adrian Young, Cracker, The Soundtrack of Our Lives, Warren Zevon, and Gregory Alan Isakov.[13] The soundtrack was co-produced by Nora Felder and Budd Carr, the show’s music supervisors.[14]
The show returned to Showtime for its fifth season in January 2012.[15] Creator Tom Kapinos said[citation needed] that the show needed to take on a new direction to stay fresh. The narrative takes place two years and nine months after season 4, almost at the end of Hank's probation. Hank has since made his home in New York, but returns to Los Angeles for a business related visit, which gets extended following family issues. Karen is married to Professor Bates, Becca (now 19 years old and in college) has a new boyfriend, and Marcy is married to Stu Beggs while sharing custody of her son, Stuart, with Charlie.
- Henry James "Hank" Moody (David Duchovny) is an erratic but esteemed writer who frequently becomes embroiled in bizarre and in some cases scandalous situations. Many reviewers liken Moody's character to that of writer Charles Bukowski.[16]
- Karen van der Beek (Natascha McElhone) is Hank's long-term on-and-off girlfriend and mother of his daughter. She is an architect.
- Rebecca "Becca" Moody (Madeleine Martin) is Hank and Karen's daughter.
- Charlie Runkle (Evan Handler) is Hank's agent and best friend.
- Marcy Runkle (Pamela Adlon) is Charlie's wife and later ex-wife. (recurring Season 1, regular Season 2-present)
- Mia Lewis (pen name Mia Cross) (Madeline Zima) is Bill Lewis' teenage daughter. Oblivious to her age and identity, Hank has a one-night stand with her in the show's pilot. (regular Season 1–2, recurring Season 3-4)
- Richard Bates (Jason Beghe) is Karen van der Beek's old professor and later husband (Seasons 3—5).In season 5,Bates published Blood Mountain, which Stu Beggs bought the rights to turn into a movie
- Bill Lewis (Damian Young) is Karen van der Beek's ex-husband and Hank's nemesis; he is also Mia Lewis' father. (Season 1, also appears in Season 4).
- Todd Carr (Chris Williams) is the director of the movie adaptation of Hank's book. (Season 1, also appears in Season 4)
- Dani (Rachel Miner) is an ambitious agent who was formerly Charlie Runkle's assistant.
- Lew Ashby (Callum Keith Rennie) is a record producer and the topic of one of Hank's books; based on real life producer Rick Rubin (The scenes of Ashby's house were actually filmed in Rick Rubin's house.)
- Janie Jones (Mädchen Amick) is the long lost love of Lew Ashby.
- Daisy (Carla Gallo) is Charlie Runkle's porn star client and later his extramarital lover.
- Michelle (Surfer Girl) (Michelle Lombardo) is Hank's friend and lover on at least two occasions.
- Eddy Nero (Rob Lowe) is an actor set to portray Hank in his upcoming movie.
- Beatrice (Trixie) (Judy Greer) is a prostitute who has sex with Hank.
- Ronny Praeger (Hal Ozsan) is a porn director and Charlie Runkle's business partner in the 'Vaginatown' movie (Four episodes of Season 2).
- Julian (Angus MacFadyen) is Hank's Season 2 nemesis; Sonja's spiritual guru and love-interest (Six episodes of Season 2).
- Damien Patterson (Ezra Miller) is Becca's boyfriend and the son of her English teacher, Mrs. Patterson (Five episodes).
- Mrs. Patterson (Justine Bateman) is Damien's mother and Becca's English teacher; she and Hank engage in a brief affair.
- Stacey Koons (Peter Gallagher) is the Dean of the college where Hank teaches; Hank once teasingly called him Dean Koontz (Season 3).
- Felicia Koons (Embeth Davidtz) is the wife of Dean Koons and a teacher at the college; she and Hank engage in a brief affair (Season 3).
- Chelsea Koons (Ellen Woglom) is Becca's best friend and the daughter of Hank's bosses, Felicia and Stacey Koons (Season 3).
- Jill Robinson (Diane Farr) is Hank's TA; they engage in a brief affair (Season 3).
- Jackie (Eva Amurri) is Hank's student who moonlights as a stripper; they engage in a brief affair (Season 3).
- Sue Collini (Kathleen Turner) is Charlie Runkle's boss (Season 3) and occasional sex partner.
- 1970s and 1980s teen idol Rick Springfield, plays a depraved version of himself (Season 3).
- Paul Rider (James Frain) is Mia's manager and boyfriend (Season 3).
- Abby Rhodes (Carla Gugino) is Hank's lawyer in Season 4.
- Ben (Michael Ealy) is Karen's new love interest in Season 4.
- Stu Beggs (Stephen Tobolowsky) is a movie producer and Marcy's boyfriend and later husband (Season 4 & 5).
- Sasha Bingham (Addison Timlin) is an actress scheduled to play Mia; she and Hank engage in a brief affair (Season 4, 8 episodes).
- Carrie (Natalie Zea) is Hank's love interest in New-York (Season 5).
- Samurai Apocalypse (RZA) is a rapper-turned creative business associate of Hank (Season 5).
- Kali (Meagan Good) is Samurai Apocalypse's former lover; the undeniable chemistry she shares with Hank first becomes apparent when they find themselves beside one another on a plane flight (Season 5).
- Tyler (Scott Michael Foster) is Becca's boyfriend who is disliked by both Hank and Richard (Season 5).
- Lizzie (Camilla Luddington) is the nanny of Charlie Runkle and his ex-wife, Marcy's son and later becoming Charlie's occasional sex partner. (Season 5)
The critical reaction for Californication has been generally favorable, with a rating of 70 on Metacritic.[17] American critic Nathan Rabin gave Season 1 an "F" rating on The AV Club, calling it "insufferable."[18]
There has been a backlash from conservative groups who oppose the explicit nature of the program. Conservative columnist Andrew Bolt criticized the program in the Australian newspaper the Herald Sun for the pilot's opening dream scene, in which a nun performs oral sex on Hank Moody in a church.[19] The Australian Christian Lobby’s managing director Jim Wallace also called for a boycott, not only of Network Ten, but all advertisers who advertise during the show, in response to a scene in which Hank and Sonja smoke marijuana, have sex, and vomit.[20] When Network Ten premiered Season 2, the Christian fundamentalist[21][22][23] group Salt Shakers led an e-mail campaign against advertisers, requesting they withdraw their advertisements. This resulted in 49 companies withdrawing their advertising, including the show's main sponsor, Just Car Insurance.
The show and the lead actor, David Duchovny, were both nominated for Golden Globes in 2007; Duchovny won the lead actor award, but the award for best TV series in this category went to Extras.[24]
| DVD name |
Release date |
Ep # |
Additional information |
| Californication – The 1st Season |
June 17, 2008 |
12 |
This two-disc box set includes all 12 episodes of Season 1. Bonus features include commentaries on the pilot, biographies of the 5 main actors and 16 photos from the show. Showtime has also provided four downloadable episodes, two from Dexter Season 2 and two from The Tudors Season 2. |
| Californication – The 2nd Season |
August 25, 2009 |
12 |
This two-disc box set includes all 12 episodes of Season 2. Bonus features include interviews with cast members and Marcie's Waxing Salon. Showtime has also provided four downloadable episodes, one from The United States of Tara Season 1 and three from The Tudors Season 3. |
| Californication – The 3rd Season |
November 9, 2010 |
12 |
This two-disc box set includes all 12 episodes of Season 3.[25] |
| Californication – The 4th Season |
November 1, 2011 |
12 |
This two-disc box set includes all 12 episodes of Season 4.[26] |
The Red Hot Chili Peppers filed a lawsuit on November 19, 2007[28] against Showtime Networks over the name of the series, which is also the name of the band's 1999 album and hit single. They state in the lawsuit that the series "constitutes a false designation of origin, and has caused and continues to cause a likelihood of confusion, mistake, and deception as to source, sponsorship, affiliation, and/or connection in the minds of the public".[29] Pointing to Dani California, a character who appears in both the series and three songs by the Red Hot Chili Peppers (including Californication) as well as confusion when shopping for their album and that of the series soundtrack, the band members are seeking unspecified damages. They are also requesting that a new name be found for the TV show.[29]
Showtime Networks is expected to argue that the band did not in fact create the term Californication. They point out that the term appeared in print in Time magazine in 1972, in an article called The Great Wild Californicated West,[30] while show producer Tom Kapinos cites the inspiration as coming from a bumper sticker he saw in the '70s that read "Don't Californicate Oregon".[5][31] Canadian art-rock band the Rheostatics released an album called Whale Music in 1992, with a song called "California Dreamline". In this song, the word Californication appears in the phrase "Californication, spooning in the dry sand".[30][32]
Kim Walker, head of intellectual property at Pinsent Masons, states that the band should have registered Californication as a trademark. Instead, the only application for such was filed in April 2007 in the US, by Showtime. The mark has not yet been registered. Walker has also stated:
Successful songs, albums and movies can become brands in themselves. What's really surprising is how few songs and albums are properly protected... The Chili Peppers could almost certainly have registered a trade mark for 'Californication', notwithstanding Time's article. They made the word famous, but it doesn't automatically follow that they can stop its use in a TV show.
If they had registered the title as a trade mark covering entertainment services, I very much doubt we'd have seen a lawsuit. The TV show would have been called something else. As it is, the band faces an uphill struggle.[29]
In the United States, character names and titles of works are only subject to trademark protection, not copyright protection.[33] The legal matter remains unresolved.
The Season 2 finale drew 615,000 viewers, with a combined total of 937,000 for the evening, retaining less than 50% of its lead-in from the season finale of Dexter. However, Season 3 steadily gained viewership, and the show was quickly picked up for a fourth season by Showtime.[34]
Albania – TV Klan
Australia – Network Ten, Eleven, Showcase
Austria – ORF
Argentina – Warner Channel I.Sat
Armenia – Channel One (Russia)
Belgium – RTBF / 2BE
Brazil – Warner Channel / SBT / I-Sat
Bulgaria – HBO / AXN / bTV Comedy
Canada – The Movie Network, Movie Central
Colombia – Warner Channel
Croatia – HRT
Czech Republic – ČT1, HBO, HBO HD, AXN, AXN HD
Denmark – TV2 Zulu/TV2 Danmark
Estonia – TV6, SET
Finland – Nelonen
France – M6
Germany – AXN, RTL2
Greece – Skai TV
Hungary – AXN, HBO
Iceland – Skjár Einn
India – FX, Zee Café
Israel – HOT3, HOT3 HD, HOT V.O.D
Italy – Italia 1 / Jimmy
Japan – Fox
Latvia – TV6, SET
Lithuania – TV3, TV6
Mexico – Warner Channel
Netherlands – Comedy Central, HBO
New Zealand – TV3
Norway – TV 2 (Norway)
Poland – TVN, TVN HD, HBO, HBO HD, Universal Channel, Comedy Central
Portugal – RTP2, FOX
Romania – HBO Romania
Russia – DTV, MTV, Channel One (Russia)
Spain – FDF
Serbia – B92 / TV Avala / RTV Pink
Slovenia – POP TV
South Africa – DStv
Sweden – TV4
Switzerland – SRG SSR
Turkey – ComedyMax
Ukraine – 1+1
United Kingdom – 5*
Venezuela – Warner Channel
Uganda - DStv
- ^ Joyce Eng (October 5, 2009). "Californication Renewed for Fourth Season". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Californication-Renewed-Fourth-1010500.aspx. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
- ^ http://www.sho.com/site/californication/home.sho
- ^ http://www.facebook.com/showtime/posts/10151239788920486
- ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (September 7, 2007). "'Californication's' next chapter". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070911212107/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i1f2de64a1d24bd559578d80d0ac42fd4. Retrieved September 12, 2007.
- ^ a b c Kaufman, Gil (November 20, 2007). "Red Hot Chili Peppers Sue Showtime Over 'Californication'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1574710/chili-peppers-sue-showtime-over-californication.jhtml. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
- ^ Adalian, Josef (September 6, 2007). "Showtime renews 'Californication'". Variety (magazine). http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117971522.html?categoryid=1238&cs=1. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ "Californication Official Blog". Sho.com(Official website). June 24, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822065115/http://californicationblog.sho.com/. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
- ^ a b Nordyke, Kimberly (December 3, 2008). "'Californication' headed for Season 3". Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3i811727a8754c8b9b181786690625d396. Retrieved December 3, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ eBooks – by – eReader.com
- ^ Hibberd, James (November 30, 2010). "Showtime releases premiere dates for 3 series". Showtime. http://livefeed.hollywoodreporter.com/2010/07/showtime-releases-premiere-dates-for-3-series.html.
- ^ Are Queens of Dogtown a Real Band?
- ^ http://californicationtvsoundtrack.com/
- ^ http://sneakattackmedia.com/media/californication/cali_PR_SAM.pdf
- ^ http://CalifornicationTVSoundtrack.com/
- ^ http://www.sho.com/site/californication/schedule.sho
- ^ McGuire, Judy (October 23, 2008). "Four types of TV guys to avoid". CNN. http://articles.cnn.com/2008-10-23/living/tf.tv.guys.to.avoid_1_cbt-mad-men-tv. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ "Californication". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/tv/shows/californication. Retrieved August 22, 2007.
- ^ Californication: The First Season | DVD|Review|The A.V. Club
- ^ Bolt, Andrew (August 29, 2007). "Just how low can you go with Californication?". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22324138-5000117,00.html. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
- ^ Schliebs, Mark (September 4, 2007). "Drugs, sex and vomit prompt Californication boycott call". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,22360980-10388,00.html. Retrieved September 4, 2007.
- ^ "Salt Shakers call for retraction". Sydney Star Observer. June 2, 2009. http://www.starobserver.com.au/news/australia-news/new-south-wales-news/2009/06/02/salt-shakers-call-for-retraction/13505. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ Bachelard, Michael (December 14, 2008). "Religion in schools to go God-free". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/national/religion-in-schools-to-go-godfree-20081213-6xxs.html. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Ross (December 28, 2009). "Whatever happened to secular democracy?". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/whatever-happened-to-secular-democracy/story-e6frg6zo-1225813998714. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ HFPA – Nominations and Winners
- ^ Amazon.com: Californication: The Third Season: David Duchovny, Natascha McElhone, Evan Handler, Madeleine Martin, Pamela Adlon, Madeline Zima, Callum Keith Rennie, Rachel Mine...
- ^ Amazon.com: Californication: The Fourth Season: David Duchovny, Evan Handler
- ^ hmv.com: Californication: The Fourth Season: David Duchovny, Evan Handler
- ^ http://www.aolcdn.com/tmz_documents/1119_rhcp_lawsuit_wm.pdf
- ^ a b c Red Hot Chili Peppers could struggle in 'Californication' lawsuit | Pinsent Masons LLP
- ^ a b "AMERICAN SCENE: The Great Wild Californicated West". Time. August 21, 1972. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,877985,00.html. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
- ^ Peck, Sally (November 20, 2007). "Red Hot Chili Peppers sue over 'Californication'". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3669396/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers-sue-over-Californication.html. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
- ^ rheostatics – official website
- ^ copyright: West's Encyclopedia of American Law (Full Article) from Answers.com
- ^ 'Dexter,' 'Californication' Finales Draw Record Ratings – 2008-12-16 11:31:00 | Broadcasting & Cable
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