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The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) is the Republican Hill committee for the United States Senate, working to elect Republicans to that body. The NRSC was founded in 1916 as the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee. It was reorganized in 1948, and renamed the National Republican Senatorial Committee.

Recent Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist was an NRSC chair, and many feel he used it to make the connections that he used to become majority leader when Trent Lott resigned.

The NRSC helps elect Republican incumbents and challengers primarily through fundraising. Other services include promotion using media and communications, as well as research and strategy planning. The NRSC generally avoids supporting Republicans in primaries against other party members, though the 2006 Rhode Island Senate primary between Lincoln Chafee and mayor of Cranston Steve Laffey is a notable exception.

The NRSC sends out mass mailings to addresses in states where Republican senators are likely to be voted out. Mailings in October 2008 included one to Minnesota residents with the appearance of a comic book, but containing material unsuitable for children. Incumbent Sen. Norm Coleman condemned the action.^[1]

Senate Republicans elected new leadership positions after the 2006 midterm elections on November 7, 2006. For a time it was unclear who would take over as chair of the NRSC. Sen. John Thune, who defeated Sen. Minority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) in the 2004 cycle, was considered the best pick, but he ruled himself out early in 2006. After receiving the blessing from his family and consulting with other Republicans in the Senate, Sen. John Ensign of Nevada announced on September 26, 2006 that he would seek the chairmanship. He was formally elected November 15, 2006. On November 18, 2008, Texas U.S Senator John Cornyn was elected chairman.

List of Chairmen[link]

See also[link]

• National Republican Congressional Committee
• Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
• Green Senatorial Campaign Committee

References[link]

External links[link]

• NRSC official website

v t e Republican Party Chairpersons of the RNC Morgan Raymond Ward Claflin Morgan Chandler Cameron Jewell Sabin Jones Quay Clarkson Carter Hanna Payne Cortelyou New Hitchcock Hill Rosewater Hilles Wilcox Hays Adams Butler Work Huston Fess Sanders Fletcher Hamilton Martin Walsh Spangler Brownell Reece Scott Gabrielson Summerfield Roberts Hall Alcorn T. B. Morton Miller Burch Bliss R. Morton Dole Bush Smith Brock Richards Fahrenkopf Atwater Yeutter Bond Barbour Nicholson Gilmore Racicot Gillespie Mehlman Martinez Duncan Steele Priebus Presidential tickets Frémont/Dayton Lincoln/Hamlin Lincoln/Johnson Grant/Colfax Grant/Wilson Hayes/Wheeler Garfield/Arthur Blaine/Logan Harrison/Morton Harrison/Reid McKinley/Hobart McKinley/Roosevelt Roosevelt/Fairbanks Taft/Sherman Taft/Sherman/Butler Hughes/Fairbanks Harding/Coolidge Coolidge/Dawes Hoover/Curtis (twice) Landon/Knox Willkie/McNary Dewey/Bricker Dewey/Warren Eisenhower/Nixon (twice) Nixon/Lodge Goldwater/Miller Nixon/Agnew (twice) Ford/Dole Reagan/G. H. W. Bush (twice) G. H. W. Bush/Quayle (twice) Dole/Kemp G. W. Bush/Cheney (twice) McCain/Palin Romney/TBD (presumptive) Parties by state and territory State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Territory District of Columbia Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Conventions (List) 1856 (Philadelphia) 1860 (Chicago) 1864 (Baltimore) 1868 (Chicago) 1872 (Philadelphia) 1876 (Cincinnati) 1880 (Chicago) 1884 (Chicago) 1888 (Chicago) 1892 (Minneapolis) 1896 (Saint Louis) 1900 (Philadelphia) 1904 (Chicago) 1908 (Chicago) 1912 (Chicago) 1916 (Chicago) 1920 (Chicago) 1924 (Cleveland) 1928 (Kansas City) 1932 (Chicago) 1936 (Cleveland) 1940 (Philadelphia) 1944 (Chicago) 1948 (Philadelphia) 1952 (Chicago) 1956 (San Francisco) 1960 (Chicago) 1964 (San Francisco) 1968 (Miami Beach) 1972 (Miami Beach) 1976 (Kansas City) 1980 (Detroit) 1984 (Dallas) 1988 (New Orleans) 1992 (Houston) 1996 (San Diego) 2000 (Philadelphia) 2004 (New York) 2008 (St. Paul) 2012 (Tampa) Affiliated organizations College Republicans Congressional Hispanic Conference International Democrat Union Log Cabin Republicans National Republican Congressional Committee National Republican Senatorial Committee Republican Conference of the United States House of Representatives Republican Conference of the United States Senate Republican Governors Association Republican Jewish Coalition Republican Liberty Caucus Republican Main Street Partnership Republican Majority for Choice Republican National Coalition for Life Republican National Hispanic Assembly Republican Study Committee Republicans Abroad Republicans for Environmental Protection The Ripon Society Teenage Republicans The Wish List Young Republicans Related articles History 2009 chairmanship election 2011 chairmanship election Bibliography Timeline of modern American conservatism Conservatism Portal

The National Republicans were a political party in the United States. During the administration of John Quincy Adams (1825–1829), the president's supporters were referred to as Adams Men or Anti-Jackson. When Andrew Jackson was elected President of the United States in 1828, this group went into opposition. The use of the term "National Republican" dates from 1830.

Before the elevation of John Quincy Adams to the presidency in 1825, the Democratic-Republican Party, which had been the only national American political party for over a decade, began to fracture, losing its infrastructure and identity. Its caucuses no longer met to select candidates because now they had separate interests. After the Election of 1824, factions developed in support of Adams and in support of Andrew Jackson. Adams politicians, including most ex-Federalists (such as Daniel Webster and even Adams himself), would gradually evolve into the National Republican party, and those politicians that supported Jackson would later help form the modern Democratic Party.

The ad hoc coalition that supported John Quincy Adams fell apart after his defeat for reelection in 1828. The main opposition to Jackson, the new president, was the National Republican Party, or Anti-Jacksonians created and run by Henry Clay. It shared the same nationalistic outlook as the Adamsites, and wanted to use national resources to build a strong economy. Its platform was Clay's American System of nationally financed internal improvements and a protective tariff, which would promote faster economic development. More important, by binding together the diverse interests of the different regions, the party intended to promote national unity and harmony. The National Republicans saw the Union as a corporate, organic whole. Hence the rank and file idealized Clay for his comprehensive perspective on the national interest. Conversely, they disdained those they identified as "party" politicians for pandering to local interests at the expense of the national interest.^[1] The party met in national convention in late 1831 and nominated Clay for the presidency and John Sergeant for the vice presidency. The Whig Party emerged in 1833–34 after Clay's defeat as a coalition of National Republicans, along with Anti-Masons, disaffected Jacksonians, and people whose last political activity was with the Federalists a decade before. In the short term, it formed the Whig party with the help of other smaller parties in a coalition against President Jackson and his reforms.

See also[link]

• Era of Good Feelings
• Second Party System

References[link]

1. ^ Brown, p20.

• Thomas Brown; Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party. Columbia University Press. 1985.
• Carroll, E. Malcolm; Origins of the Whig Party Duke University Press. 1925. chapter 1
• Michael F. Holt; The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. 1999
• Robert V. Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (1993)

Ed Markey
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 7th district
Incumbent
Assumed office November 2, 1976
Preceded by	Torbert Macdonald
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 16th Middlesex district
In office January 3, 1973 – November 2, 1976
Preceded by	William R. Callahan
Succeeded by	A. Joseph DeNucci
Personal details
Born	(1946-07-11) July 11, 1946 (age 65) Malden, Massachusetts
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Susan Blumenthal
Residence	Malden, Massachusetts
Alma mater	Boston College
Occupation	Attorney
Religion	Roman Catholic
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1968–1973
Unit	Reserves

Edward John "Ed" Markey (born July 11, 1946) is the U.S. Representative for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district, serving since 1976. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes most of Boston's northern and western suburbs, such as Medford and Framingham. Markey is the Dean of both the Massachusetts and New England House delegations. He is the second longest-serving member of Congress from New England, behind Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont.

Markey was born and raised in Malden, Massachusetts. He graduated from Boston College and Boston College Law School. He worked as an attorney and served in the United States Army Reserve for five years before being elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, where he served two terms as a state representative. In 1976 he won a crowded special election to succeed deceased incumbent Torbert Macdonald, and took office in November 1976.

In the U.S. House, Markey is a Progressive representative who has made energy policy his top priority. He sits on several energy committees and subcommittees, and is the former chairman of the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming.

Early life, education, and early career[link]

Markey was born and raised in Malden, the son of Christina M. (née Courtney) and John E. Markey, a milkman.^[1][2] He was raised in an Irish Catholic family and educated at Immaculate Conception Grammar School and Malden Catholic High School. He graduated from Boston College in 1968 with a B.A. and from Boston College Law School in 1972 with a J.D.^[3] After graduating, he worked as a lawyer in private practice, and served in the United States Army Reserve from 1968 to 1973.

He was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, where he represented the 16th Middlesex district (Malden and Melrose) from 1973 to 1976.^[3][4]

U.S. House of Representatives[link]

Elections[link]

In May 1976, longtime 7th District Congressman Torbert Macdonald died in office. Markey won a crowded seven-way primary for the seat, which was tantamount to election in this heavily Democratic district. He has been re-elected 16 times with no substantive opposition and never won re-election with less than 62% of the vote.

Tenure[link]

Markey is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. The National Journal generally gave him a "Composite Liberal" score in the mid-90s.^[5] Since May 2005, he has been a contributing blogger at The Huffington Post.^[6]

Environment and energy issues

In December 2007, Markey became the first US politician to utilize the medium of Second Life, through which he addressed the delegates of the UNFCCC in Bali as part of OneClimate's Virtual Bali event. It was estimated that the carbon dioxide saved in not flying Rep. Markey to Bali was around 5.5 tons.^{[citation needed]} An example of his legislation is the Waxman-Markey bill (American Clean Energy and Security Act).

Markey's paramount issue is energy policy. He is the former chairman of the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming and the Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment.

Markey signed the Accuracy in Fuel Economy Standards Act which requires the Department of Transportation to use realistic and rational gas price assumptions as it calculates the maximum feasible fuel economy standards for the coming years as required by the energy bill passed by Congress last year.^{[citation needed]}

Pressure from Markey prompted BP to provide a live underwater video feed showing the oil leaking out of a pipe in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010.^[7] Rep. Markey also signed the Responsible Ownership of Public Lands Act in 2008 to compel Big Oil to utilize the 68 million acres (280,000 km²) onshore and offshore of public land that they are already leasing but not used to produce energy.^{[citation needed]}

In March 2008, Markey signed the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Act to direct the President to seek to establish the International Renewable Energy Agency to expand the availability and generating capacity of renewable energy to markets around the world in order to increase economic opportunity, drive technological innovation, enhance regional and global security, raise living standards, and reduce global warming pollution.^{[citation needed]}

Markey has been a longtime critic of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He has been critical of the NRC's decision-making on the proposed Westinghouse AP1000 reactor design and the NRC response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.^[8][9]

In reply to a Sarah Palin piece about the Waxman-Markey American Clean Energy and Security Act, Markey wrote an article criticizing Palin's inaction on global warming and her environmental positions. He said that he agreed that there were many threats to the American economy, but said that her "strategy of inaction on clean energy and global warming" was one of the them. Markey praised the recent House passage of the Waxman-Markey American Clean Energy and Security Act, which, he said, would be responsible for investing $190 billion for clean technology, exceeding the goal set by President Obama. He said that it would be responsible for over a trillion dollars in private-sector capital investment in clean-tech and went on to reject Palin's suggestion that Waxman-Markey was a tax bill.^[10]

Domestic issues

He is also responsible for introducing legislation to change the duration of daylight saving time.

In May 2011, he drafted the Do Not Track Kids Act of 2011 significantly increasing privacy controls over children online.^[11]

Defense

Markey is known for his advocacy against torture and the practice of extraordinary rendition through the Torture Outsourcing Prevention Act.^{[citation needed]}

In 2003, he began to call attention to the lack of security surrounding air cargo placed on commercial passenger planes, arguing that if all passenger baggage is screened for explosive devices, air cargo on the same plane should be as well. In 2007, he succeeded in getting a 100 percent air cargo screening requirement signed into law, which must be implemented within three years.^{[citation needed]} Rep. Markey authored the mandate requiring all cargo on passenger planes to be screened by August 2010, in the law implementing the 9/11 Commission's recommendations. In light of the recent cargo scare, Rep. Markey continues to press that the requirement be enforced and plans to explore legislation mandating screening for air carriers that transport only cargo.^{[citation needed]}

He was one of the 31 members of the House who voted not to count the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 Presidential election.^[12]

Committee assignments[link]

• Energy and Commerce
  • Communications and Technology
  • Energy and Power
  • Oversight and Investigations
• Natural Resources (Ranking Member)
  • As ranking member of the full committee, Rep. Markey may sit as an ex officio member of all subcommittees.

Caucus memberships

• Bipartisan Caucus on Nonproliferation (Co-chair)
• Bipartisan Caucus on Privacy (Co-chair)
• Bipartisan Caucus on Alzheimer's Disease (Co-chair)
• Bipartisan Caucus on Cystic Fibrosis (Co-chair)
• Congressional Progressive Caucus
• International Conservation Caucus

Speculation of U.S. Senate elections[link]

In 2004, Markey was considered a possible contender for John Kerry's seat in the United States Senate if Kerry were to be elected President of the United States.^[13] Although Kerry lost the election, Markey was easily reelected in 2004 over Republican Kenneth Chase and Independent Jim Hall. Markey was considered a leading contender to run in the January 19, 2010 special election to fill the U.S. Senate seat left vacant by the death of Edward M. Kennedy. On September 12, 2009, however, he announced his decision to remain in the U.S. House, and instead endorsed U.S. Representative Michael Capuano.^[14]

Electoral history[link]

Personal life[link]

Markey is married to Dr. Susan Blumenthal. He was one of several politicians who appeared in a cameo in the 2003 film Gods and Generals. He played an Irish Brigade officer.^[17]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Edward John Markey

• Congressman Ed Markey official U.S. House website
• The Markey Committee official campaign website
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Congressional profile at GovTrack
• Congressional profile at OpenCongress
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Profile at SourceWatch
• Ed Markey speaks on Second Life to delegates during OneClimate's Virtual Bali event in December 2007

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012)

Angus King
King in 2010
72nd Governor of Maine
In office January 5, 1995 – January 8, 2003
Preceded by	John R. McKernan, Jr.
Succeeded by	John E. Baldacci
Personal details
Born	Angus S. King, Jr (1944-03-31) March 31, 1944 (age 68) Alexandria, Virginia
Political party	Independent
Spouse(s)	Mary Herman
Children	Angus III, Duncan, James, Ben and Molly
Profession	Businessman
Religion	Episcopalian

Angus S. King, Jr. (born March 31, 1944) served two terms as the 72nd Governor of Maine from 1995 to 2003. Since 2004, King has been a lecturer at Bowdoin College teaching a course called "Leaders and Leadership"; in the fall of 2009, he taught a similar course at Bates College. He also became employed at a law firm and a mergers and acquisitions advisory firm (Leaders LLC) in Portland, Maine. He currently works on issues of sustainable and renewable energy. In spring 2009 he endorsed the Maine Green Energy Project, a summer program for young people to learn to build and advocate for green energy in Maine. He is an independent candidate in the 2012 election for one of Maine's two seats in the U.S. Senate.

Early life, education, and private sector career[link]

King was born in Virginia, but spent most of his adult years in the state of Maine. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1966 and the University of Virginia School of Law in 1969. King entered private law practice in Brunswick, Maine.

In the 1980s King served as Vice President of a company which developed alternative energy (hydro and biomass) projects in New England. In 1989 King founded Northeast Energy Management, Inc. The company developed, installed, and operated large-scale electrical energy conservation projects at commercial and industrial facilities throughout south-central Maine.

Before being elected Governor, King was well-known statewide as a television host on public television in Maine and a successful businessman.

Governor of Maine[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2012)

His only political experience prior to running for Governor of Maine was as a legislative assistant to Democratic U.S. Senator William Hathaway in the 1970s.

1994 election[link]

King was first elected in 1994, defeating both Democratic former Governor Joseph Brennan and Republican Susan Collins.

The key to the King strategy was a large investment in television advertising during Maine's unusually early June primary, allowing him to emerge from the primary season on an equal footing with his partisan rivals. Collins, a protégé of U.S. Senator and future Secretary of Defense William Cohen, was relatively unknown in Maine, but benefited from a chaotic eight-candidate Republican primary by winning with fewer than a quarter of the votes. Brennan was in his fifth campaign for governor - two successful - and beat back three challengers in the Democratic primary.

King's election as an independent was not unprecedented in Maine politics, as independent James B. Longley had been elected twenty years earlier. Governor King's bipartisan ways proved extremely popular: in 1998, he was reelected with 59 percent of the vote to 19 percent for Republican Jim Longley Jr. (the son of the former governor) and 12 percent for Democrat Thomas Connolly. King was so popular, his reelection with 59 percent of the vote in 1998 was the highest since Democrat Joseph E. Brennan was reelected in 1982, with 62 percent of the vote. Brennan's reelection in 1982 was the last time before 1998 that a gubernatorial candidate was able to get a majority of the vote, and King's reelection in 1998 was the last time in a Maine gubernatorial election that the winner got a majority of the vote.

Tenure[link]

During his tenure, he was one of only two governors nationwide not affiliated with either of the two major parties, the other being Jesse Ventura of Minnesota. The term of Connecticut's independent governor Lowell Weicker ended when King's began.

While in office, Governor King launched the Maine Learning Technology Initiative, or MLTI, to provide laptops for every public middle-school student in the state of Maine, a first of its kind in the nation. It met with considerable resistance due to costs, but was enacted by the Maine Legislature. On September 5, 2002, the state began the program with a four-year, $37.2-million contract with Apple Computer to equip all seventh- and eighth-grade students and teachers in the state with laptops. "I think we're going to demonstrate the power of one-to-one computer access that's going to transform education," said Governor Angus King in a Wired Magazine interview. "The economic future will belong to the technologically adept." While ushering in the program, King quipped "We've still got fish but we're heavily into the chips," in reference to the State of Maine's fishing industry and the new laptop initiative.

One of the more controversial initiatives of Governor King was a law requiring all school employees – including volunteers and contractors working in schools – to be fingerprinted by the Maine State Police, and to have background checks conducted on them. The program purported to protect children from abuse by potential predators working within the schools, but met with strong resistance from teachers' unions, who considered it a breach of civil liberties. Supporters of the law claimed the fingerprinting requirement would stop previous offenders from coming to Maine to work in the schools, and if Maine did not have this requirement, it would send a message to previous offenders that they could work in Maine without fear of being identified as a child abuser. Critics of the law maintained that there was no evidence of a problem with child abuse by school employees, and the fingerprinting represented a violation of constitutional guarantees (a claim which was not backed up by Supreme Court rulings on the issue). 57 teachers from across the state resigned in protest of the fingerprinting bill. The Maine Legislature voted to exempt current school employees, but this was vetoed by Gov. King in April 1997. The cost of the requirement was initially to be paid for by the school employees themselves, but the Legislature voted to have the state fund the costs of the measure.

Post-gubernatorial career[link]

King in 2008.

The day after he left office in 2003, King, his wife, Mary Herman, and their two children – Ben, 14, and Molly, 10 – hit the road in a 40-foot motorhome to see America. Over the next six months, the family traveled 15,000 miles and visited 34 states before returning home in June 2003.

Based on his experience, King offered some advice. "Get on the road!" said King. "See the country. Do it with the kids. It was one of the greatest experiences I've ever had in my life."^{[citation needed]}

King was also involved in a wind power utility company, Independence Wind, co-founded with Robert Gardiner.^[1] In August 2009, Independence Wind along with joint venture partner Wagner Forest Management won Maine DEP approval for construction of a proposed $120-million, 22-turbine, utility-scale wind power project along a prominent mountain ridge in Roxbury, Maine.^[2] King sold his part of the company after he entered the 2012 U.S. Senate election to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest. ^[3]

Of the project King has said in part: ""However, the people who say wind is only an intermittent resource are looking for a one-shot solution. And my experience is that there are rarely silver bullets, but there is often silver buckshot. Wind is an adjunct source of energy. Ten percent, 20% can be very significant..."^{[citation needed]} King is also interested in solar energy and in spring 2009 he endorsed the Maine Green Energy Project, a summer program for young people to learn to build and advocate for green energy in Maine.

King is currently a lecturer at both Bates College and Bowdoin College, where he teaches classes on leadership.^[4]

2012 U.S. Senate election[link]

King announced on March 5, 2012 that he is running for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Olympia Snowe.^[5][6] He made his announcement at Bowdoin College following his annual lecture there.

Former Maine gubernatorial candidate Eliot Cutler declared his endorsement of King just hours prior to King's own candidacy announcement. King endorsed Cutler in the 2010 Maine gubernatorial election.

On March 9, King rejected claims by Republicans that he had cut a deal with Democrats to keep top Democratic candidates such as Rep. Chellie Pingree out of the race, calling such claims "hogwash".^[7]

Endorsements[link]

According to the Portland Press Herald, King, who was a supporter of George W. Bush in 2000 (but endorsed John Kerry in 2004), endorsed Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential election, stating that the Illinois Democrat "...leads with hope and not through fear."^[8] King stated on March 9, 2012, that he believed Obama should be re-elected, stating that he made his decision after "seeing the likely alternatives".^[7]

As mentioned above, King had endorsed independent candidate Eliot Cutler in Maine's 2010 gubernatorial election.^[9][10] Cutler was narrowly defeated by Republican Paul LePage.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Angus King for U.S. Senate official campaign site
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• June 2006 Speech by Angus King on the Maine laptop program
• King family site documenting the motorhome trip. (retrieved September 13, 2006)