{{infobox disease | name | Glanders | Image | Caption | DiseasesDB 5222 | ICD10 | ICD9 | ICDO | OMIM | MedlinePlus | eMedicineSubj emerg | eMedicineTopic 884 | MeshID D005896 | }} |
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Glanders is endemic in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America. It has been eradicated from North America, Australia and most of Europe through surveillance and destruction of affected animals, and import restrictions.
Burkholderia mallei is able to infect humans and is therefore classed as a zoonotic agent. Transmission occurs by direct contact with infected animals and entry is through skin abrasions, nasal and oral mucosal surfaces, or by inhalation.
The mallein test is a sensitive and specific clinical test for glanders. Mallein (ATCvet code: ), a protein fraction of the glanders organism (Burkholderia mallei), is injected intradermo-palpebrally or given by eye-drop. In infected animals, the eyelid swells markedly in 1 or 2 days.
The U.S. studied this agent as a possible BW weapon in 1943–44 but did not weaponize it. U.S. interest in Glanders (Agent LA) continued through the 1950s, except it had an inexplicable tendency to lose virulence in the lab, making it difficult to weaponize. The Soviet Union is also believed to have been interested in B. mallei as a potential BW agent after World War II.
Category:Zoonotic bacterial diseases Category:Biological weapons Category:Horse diseases Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions Category:Horse health
ar:رغام ca:Borm cs:Vozhřivka de:Rotz (Krankheit) es:Muermo fa:مشمشه fr:Morve io:Morvo it:Morva ja:鼻疽 pl:Nosacizna pt:Mormo ro:Morvă ru:Сап fi:Räkätauti sv:Rots zh:馬鼻疽
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