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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Baltimore
Baltimore () is the largest independent city in the United States and the largest city and cultural center of the U.S. state of Maryland. The city is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City in order to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County. Founded in 1729, Baltimore is a major U.S. seaport and is situated closer to major Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. The harbor is now home to Harborplace, a shopping, entertainment, and tourist center, and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital are now the city's largest employers.
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Brucknerhaus
Brucknerhaus is a festival and congress centre in Linz, Austria, named after the Austrian composer Anton Bruckner, home for the Ars Electronica festival and Brucknerfest. Built from 1969 to 1973. Opened on 23 March 1974. Holds about 200 performances per year, with about 180,000 of total audience.
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Cape Breton Island
http://wn.com/Cape_Breton_Island -
Hobart
Hobart () is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1803 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019. A resident of Hobart is known as a "Hobartian". The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the Derwent River. The skyline is dominated by Mount Wellington at 1,271 metres high.
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Lincoln Center
http://wn.com/Lincoln_Center -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
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Madrid
http://wn.com/Madrid -
Odéon
http://wn.com/Odéon -
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh () is the second-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it anchors the 22nd largest urban area in the United States. The estimated population of the city in 2009 was 311,647, while the seven-county metropolitan area was estimated at 2,354,957. Downtown Pittsburgh retains substantial economic influence, ranking at 25th in the nation for jobs within the urban core and 6th in job density. The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, where the Ohio River forms. The city features 151 high-rise buildings, 446 bridges, two inclined railways, and a pre-revolutionary fortification. Pittsburgh is known colloquially as "The City of Bridges" and "The Steel City" for its many bridges and former steel manufacturing base.
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SoHo
SoHo is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan in the United States. In the 1840s and 1850s, it was an area with more bars and brothels than anywhere else in the city, catering to a male clientele from all social stations from clerks through the middle class to the city's elite, all of whom filled the areas streets and sidewalks from Saturday night to Monday morning. Eventually, as the center of the growing city continued to move uptown, the quality of the area declined, until it became known as '''Hell's Hundred Acres''', an "industrial wasteland", full of sweatshops and small factories in the daytime, but empty at night.
http://wn.com/SoHo -
Staatsoper Stuttgart
Staatsoper Stuttgart (Stuttgart State Opera) is an opera company in Stuttgart, Germany.
http://wn.com/Staatsoper_Stuttgart -
Teatro Real
The Teatro Real (literally Royal Theatre) or simply El Real (as it is known colloquially), is a major opera house located in Madrid, Spain.
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UK
http://wn.com/UK
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A. R. Rahman
Allah Rakha Rahman (; born 6 January 1966 as A. S. Dileep Kumar) is an Indian film composer, record producer, musician and singer. His film scoring career began in the early 1990s. He has won fourteen Filmfare Awards, four National Film Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe, two Grammy Awards, and two Academy Awards.
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Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music. Instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition, he was widely known as "the dean of American composers." Copland's music achieved a balance between modern music and American folk styles. The open, slowly changing harmonies of many of his works are said to evoke the vast American landscape.
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Achim Freyer
Achim Freyer (born March 30, 1934) is a German stage director, set designer and painter. A protege of Bertolt Brecht, Freyer has become one of the world's leading opera directors, working throughout Europe and, since 2002, in the United States, principally with the Los Angeles Opera. Since 1992, Freyer has developed a number of productions featuring his own troupe of performers, known as the Freyer Ensemble.
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Alan Menken
Alan Menken (born July 22, 1949) is an American musical theatre and film composer and pianist.
http://wn.com/Alan_Menken -
Albert Einstein
http://wn.com/Albert_Einstein -
Alexandre Desplat
http://wn.com/Alexandre_Desplat -
Alla Rakha
http://wn.com/Alla_Rakha -
Allan Kozinn
Allan Kozinn is a music critic for The New York Times.
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Allen Ginsberg
http://wn.com/Allen_Ginsberg -
Andreas Gryphius
http://wn.com/Andreas_Gryphius -
Andrew Shapiro
:For the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs, see Andrew J. Shapiro.
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Aphex Twin
Richard David James (born 18 August 1971), best known under the pseudonym Aphex Twin, is an electronic musician described by The Guardian newspaper in 2001 as "the most inventive and influential figure in contemporary electronic music." He founded the record label Rephlex Records in 1991 with associate, Grant Wilson-Claridge.
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Arnold Schoenberg
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Arthur Honegger
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Brahms
http://wn.com/Brahms -
Brian Greene
Brian Greene (born February 9, 1963) is an American theoretical physicist and one of the best-known string theorists. He has been a professor at Columbia University since 1996. Greene has worked on mirror symmetry, relating two different Calabi-Yau manifolds (concretely, relating the conifold to one of its orbifolds). He also described the flop transition, a mild form of topology change, showing that topology in string theory can change at the conifold point. He has become known to a wider audience through his books for the general public, The Elegant Universe, Icarus at the Edge of Time and The Fabric of the Cosmos, and a related PBS television special.
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Bruce Nauman
Bruce Nauman (born December 6, 1941, in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is a contemporary American artist. His practice spans a broad range of media including sculpture, photography, neon, video, drawing, printmaking, and performance.
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Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism -
Burkhard Dallwitz
Burkhard Dallwitz (born 1959) is a German-born composer based in Melbourne, Australia. He was born near Frankfurt and began ten years of classical piano training at the age of eight. By thirteen he was writing songs and music, and from fifteen, Burkhard wrote, arranged and performed for various musical groups.
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Béla Bartók
http://wn.com/Béla_Bartók -
Carl St. Clair
http://wn.com/Carl_St_Clair -
Christopher Columbus
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Christopher Gunning
Christopher Gunning (born 5 August 1944, in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England) is a British composer of concert works and music for films and television.
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Christopher Hampton
Christopher James Hampton CBE, FRSL (born 26 January 1946) is a British playwright, screen writer and film director. He is best known for his play based on the novel Les Liaisons dangereuses and the film version Dangerous Liaisons (1988) and also more recently for writing the nominated screenplay for the film adaptation of Ian McEwan's Atonement.
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Christopher Knowles
Christopher Knowles (born 1959) is an American poet.
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Chuck Close
Chuck Thomas Close (born July 5, 1940, Monroe, Washington) is an American painter and photographer who achieved fame as a photorealist, through his massive-scale portraits. Though a catastrophic spinal artery collapse in 1988 left him severely paralyzed, he has continued to paint and produce work that remains sought after by museums and collectors.
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Constance DeJong
Constance DeJong (born 1950) is an American artist writer and playwright. She is probably best known as the writer on the libretto of Philip Glass's opera Satyagraha. She is also well known for her numerous collaborations with Tony Oursler on projects such as Fantastic Prayers. DeJong has exhibited internationally with projects produced by organizations such as the Dia Foundation for the Arts and Minetta Brook. She is currently a professor of art and time based media at Hunter College.
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Dalai Lama
http://wn.com/Dalai_Lama -
Dario Marianelli
Dario Marianelli (born June 21, 1963 in Pisa, Italy) is a composer of piano, orchestral, and film music. He has composed the soundtracks for The Brothers Grimm (2005) and Pride & Prejudice (2005). He received Oscar nominations for Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures, Original Score for Pride & Prejudice and Atonement. He has won Best Original Score for the score of Atonement at the 80th Academy Awards and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. He has collaborated with Joe Wright for three times, including Pride & Prejudice, Atonement, and
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Darius Milhaud
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David Bowie
David Bowie ( ; born David Robert Jones, 8 January 1947) is an English rock musician, who has also worked as an actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for five decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s, and is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth of his work.
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David Byrne
David Byrne (born May 14, 1952) is a Scottish-born musician and artist most associated with his role as a founding member and principal songwriter of the American new wave band Talking Heads, which was active between 1975 and 1991. Since then, Byrne has released his own solo recordings and worked with various media including film, photography, opera, and non-fiction. He has received Grammy, Oscar, and Golden Globe awards and been inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
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David Pountney
:For the retired footballer of the same name, see Dave Pountney
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Dennis Russel Davies
http://wn.com/Dennis_Russel_Davies -
Dmitri Shostakovich
http://wn.com/Dmitri_Shostakovich -
Doris Lessing
http://wn.com/Doris_Lessing -
Eadweard Muybridge
http://wn.com/Eadweard_Muybridge -
Edgar Allan Poe
http://wn.com/Edgar_Allan_Poe -
Elliot Goldenthal
Elliot Goldenthal (born May 2, 1954) is an American composer of contemporary classical music. He was a student of Aaron Copland and John Corigliano, and is best known for his distinctive style and ability to blend various musical styles and techniques in original and inventive ways. He is also a film-music composer, and won the Academy Award for Best Original Score in 2002 for his score to the motion picture Frida, directed by his long-time partner Julie Taymor.
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Ennio Morricone
Ennio Morricone, Grande Ufficiale OMRI (born November 10, 1928) is an Italian composer and conductor.
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Erik Satie
http://wn.com/Erik_Satie -
Errol Morris
Errol Morris (born February 5, 1948) is an American director. In 2003, The Guardian put him seventh in its list of the world's 40 best directors. As of 2010, Morris has won one Academy Award for Best Documentary Film.
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Euripides
http://wn.com/Euripides -
Foday Musa Suso
Foday Musa Suso (born in Sarre Hamadi Village, Wuli District, in the Upper River Division of eastern Gambia) is a musician and composer from the West African nation of Gambia. He is a member of the Mandinka ethnic group, and is a jali. His primary instrument is the kora, but he also plays the gravikord and several other instruments.
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Franz Kafka
http://wn.com/Franz_Kafka -
Franz Schubert
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François Truffaut
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Froberger
http://wn.com/Froberger -
Gabriel Yared
Gabriel Yared (born 7 October 1949) is a Lebanese composer, best known for his work in French and American cinema.
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Georges Auric
http://wn.com/Georges_Auric -
Gidon Kremer
Gidon Kremer () (born February 27, 1947) is a Latvian violinist and conductor. In 1980 he left the USSR and settled in Germany.
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Girolamo Frescobaldi
http://wn.com/Girolamo_Frescobaldi -
Giuseppe Verdi
http://wn.com/Giuseppe_Verdi -
Gluck
http://wn.com/Gluck -
Godfrey Reggio
Godfrey Reggio (born March 29, 1940) is an American director of experimental documentary films.
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Gustavo Santaolalla
Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer.
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Howard Shore
Howard Leslie Shore (born October 18, 1946) is a Canadian composer, notable for his film scores. He has composed the scores for over 40 films, most notably the scores for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, for which he won three Academy Awards. He is also a consistent collaborator with director David Cronenberg, having scored all but one of his films since 1979.
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Iggy Pop
Iggy Pop (born James Newell Osterberg, Jr.; April 21, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and occasional actor. He is considered an influential innovator of punk rock, hard rock, and other styles of rock music. Pop began calling himself Iggy after his first band in high school (for which he was drummer), The Iguanas. Iggy Pop is widely acknowledged as one of the most dynamic stage performers of all time.
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Ira Glass
Ira Glass (born March 3, 1959) is an American public radio personality, and host and producer of the radio and television show This American Life.
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J. M. Coetzee
John Maxwell Coetzee () (born 9 February 1940) is an author and academic from South Africa. He is now an Australian citizen and lives in Adelaide, South Australia. A novelist and literary critic as well as a translator, Coetzee has won the Booker Prize twice and was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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James Horner
James Roy Horner (born August 14, 1953) is an American composer, orchestrator and conductor of orchestral and film music. He is noted for the integration of choral and electronic elements in many of his film scores, and for frequent use of Celtic musical elements.
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Jean Cocteau
http://wn.com/Jean_Cocteau -
Jean-Louis Barrault
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Jean-Luc Godard
Jean-Luc Godard (; born 3 December 1930) is a French-Swiss film director, screen writer and critic. He is often identified with the group of filmmakers known as the Nouvelle Vague, or "French New Wave".
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Jean-Pierre Melville
Jean-Pierre Melville (October 20, 1917 – August 2, 1973) was a French filmmaker. Born Jean-Pierre Grumbach, he later adopted the pseudonym Melville during World War II as a tribute to his favorite American author, Herman Melville. and subsequently kept it as his stage name once the war was over.
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Jim Henson
http://wn.com/Jim_Henson -
Joan LaBarbara
http://wn.com/Joan_LaBarbara -
JoAnne Akalaitis
JoAnne Akalaitis (born June 29, 1937, Chicago) is an American theatre director and a writer and the winner of five Obie Awards for direction (and sustained achievement) and founder of the critically acclaimed Mabou Mines in New York, from which she resigned after twenty years in June 1990.
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Joanne Akalaitis
http://wn.com/Joanne_Akalaitis -
Johannes Kepler
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John Cage
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John Williams
John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932) is a prolific American composer, conductor, and pianist. In a career spanning six decades, he has composed many of the most recognizable film scores in the history of motion pictures, including those for Jaws, the Star Wars Saga, Superman, the Indiana Jones films, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, Jurassic Park, ''Schindler's List, Home Alone, and three Harry Potter'' films. He has composed the music for all but two of director Steven Spielberg's feature films.
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Josef Albers
http://wn.com/Josef_Albers -
Joseph Conrad
http://wn.com/Joseph_Conrad -
Julian Lloyd Webber
Julian Lloyd Webber (born 14 April 1951) is a British solo cellist, described as 'the doyen of British Cellists'.
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Juliet Glass
Juliet Glass (born 1968) is a writer and food critic, currently residing in Minneapolis. She is the daughter of JoAnne Akalaitis and Philip Glass. She has contributed articles to Elle, Minnesota Monthly, Food Arts and the New York Times. She received a B.A. in history from Reed College in 1992, and went on to study history at the Johns Hopkins University before moving to Minneapolis. As a young girl, she occasionally participated in performances of her father's compositions and also in stagings of a number of theatrical works, though her contributions became less frequent as she grew older.
http://wn.com/Juliet_Glass -
Kitarō
, better known as , (February 4, 1953) is a Grammy and Golden Globe award-winning Japanese musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist.
http://wn.com/Kitarō -
La Monte Young
La Monte Thornton Young (born October 14, 1935) is an American composer and musician.
http://wn.com/La_Monte_Young -
Laurie Anderson
Laura Phillips "Laurie" Anderson (born June 5, 1947) is an American experimental performance artist and musician who plays violin and keyboards and sings in a variety of experimental music and art rock styles. Initially trained as a sculptor, Anderson did her first performance-art piece in the late 1960s. Throughout the 1970s, Anderson did a variety of different performance-art activities. She became widely known outside the art world in 1981 when her single "O Superman" reached number two on the UK pop charts. She also starred in and directed the 1986 concert film Home of the Brave.
http://wn.com/Laurie_Anderson -
Lee Breuer
Lee Breuer (born 1937) is an American academic, educator, film maker, poet, lyricist, writer and stage director.
http://wn.com/Lee_Breuer -
Leonard Cohen
Leonard Norman Cohen, CC, GOQ (born 21 September 1934) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, poet and novelist. Cohen published his first book of poetry in Montreal in 1956 and his first novel in 1963. His work often deals with the exploration of religion, isolation, sexuality and interpersonal relationships. Famously reclusive, having once spent several years in a Zen Buddhist monastery, and possessing a persona frequently associated with mystique, he is extremely well-regarded by critics for his literary accomplishments, for the richness of his lyrics, and for producing an output of work of high artistic quality over a five-decade career.
http://wn.com/Leonard_Cohen -
Les Six
http://wn.com/Les_Six -
Lisa Bielawa
Lisa Bielawa is a composer and vocalist based in New York City. She is a 2009 Rome Prize winner in Musical Composition and spent a year composing as a Fellow at the American Academy in Rome .
http://wn.com/Lisa_Bielawa -
Lisa Gerrard
Lisa Gerrard (born April 12, 1961) is an Australian musician, singer, and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with former music partner Brendan Perry.
http://wn.com/Lisa_Gerrard -
Lou Reed
Lewis Allan "Lou" Reed (born March 2, 1942) is an American rock musician, songwriter, and photographer. He is best known as guitarist, vocalist, and principal songwriter of The Velvet Underground, and for his successful solo career, which spans several decades and crosses multiple genres. The Velvet Underground gained little mainstream attention during their career, but became one of the most influential bands of their era. As the Velvet Underground's main songwriter, Reed wrote about subjects of personal experience that rarely had been examined so openly in rock and roll, including a variety of sexual topics and drug culture. He is responsible for the popularization of ostrich tuning.
http://wn.com/Lou_Reed -
Lucinda Childs
Lucinda Childs (born June 26, 1940) is an American postmodern dancer/choreographer. Her compositions are known for their minimalistic movements yet complex transitions. Childs is most famous for being able to turn the slightest movements into an intricate choreographic masterpiece. Her use of patterns, repetition, and dialect has caused her to have a unique style of choreography that is often imitated for its ability to experiment.
http://wn.com/Lucinda_Childs -
Ludwig van Beethoven
http://wn.com/Ludwig_van_Beethoven -
Mahatma Gandhi
http://wn.com/Mahatma_Gandhi -
Marius de Vries
Marius Van Wyk de Vries (born 1961) is an English music producer and composer. He has been behind some of the key albums and soundtracks of recent times, gathering five Grammy nominations, two BAFTAs, and an Ivor Novello award along the way.
http://wn.com/Marius_de_Vries -
Mark di Suvero
Marco Polo "Mark" di Suvero is an American abstract expressionist sculptor born Marco Polo Levi in Shanghai, China in 1933 to Italian expatriates. He immigrated to San Francisco, California in 1942 with his family. From 1953 to 1957, he attended the University of California, Berkeley to study Philosophy. He later moved to New York City where he was surrounded by an explosion of Abstract Expressionism. While working in construction, he was critically injured in a freight elevator accident and focused all his attention on sculpture.
http://wn.com/Mark_di_Suvero -
Martin Scorsese
Martin Charles Scorsese (; born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film historian. He is the founder of the World Cinema Foundation and a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema, and has won awards from the Oscars, Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Directors Guild of America. Scorsese is president of The Film Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation.
http://wn.com/Martin_Scorsese -
Maurice Jarre
http://wn.com/Maurice_Jarre -
Michael Giacchino
Michael Giacchino (; born October 10, 1967) is an American composer who has composed scores for movies, television series and video games. Some of his most notable works include the scores to television series such as Lost, Alias and Fringe, games such as the Medal of Honor and Call of Duty series, and films such as , The Incredibles, Star Trek, Ratatouille, and Up. Giacchino has received numerous awards for his work, including an Emmy, multiple Grammys, and an Academy Award.
http://wn.com/Michael_Giacchino -
Michael Snow
Michael Snow, CC (born December 10, 1929) is a Canadian artist working in painting, sculpture, video, films, photography, holography, drawing, books and music.
http://wn.com/Michael_Snow -
Mick Jagger
Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English musician, singer-songwriter and record producer, best known as the lead vocalist of rock band, The Rolling Stones. Jagger has also acted in and produced several films.
http://wn.com/Mick_Jagger -
Mike Oldfield
Michael Gordon "Mike" Oldfield (born 15 May 1953, Reading, Berkshire) is an English multi-instrumentalist musician and composer, working a style that blends progressive rock, folk, ethnic or world music, classical music, electronic music, New Age, and more recently, dance. His music is often elaborate and complex in nature. He is best known for his hit 1973 album Tubular Bells, launched Virgin Records, and for his 1983 hit single "Moonlight Shadow". He is also well known for his hit rendition of the Christmas piece, "In Dulci Jubilo".
http://wn.com/Mike_Oldfield -
Milarepa
http://wn.com/Milarepa -
Molissa Fenley
Molissa Fenley is a choreographer, modern dancer, and part-time associate professor of dance at Mills College. She has accepted commissions from Deutsche Oper Ballet of Berlin, Australian Dance Theatre, The Ohio Ballet, and The Pacific Northwest Ballet, and has won two New York Dance and Performance Awards ("Bessies") in choreography. In 2000 she was awarded a grant from the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award.
http://wn.com/Molissa_Fenley -
Morton Feldman
http://wn.com/Morton_Feldman -
Mozart
http://wn.com/Mozart -
Nadia Boulanger
(Juliette) Nadia Boulanger (16 September 1887 – 22 October 1979) was a French composer, conductor and teacher who taught many composers and performers of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Nadia_Boulanger -
Nancy Graves
http://wn.com/Nancy_Graves -
Natalie Merchant
Natalie Anne Merchant (born October 26, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She joined the alternative rock band 10,000 Maniacs in 1981 and left it to begin her solo career in 1993.
http://wn.com/Natalie_Merchant -
Nico Muhly
Nico Muhly (born August 26, 1981 in Vermont) is a contemporary Western classical music composer, who has worked and recorded with classical and pop/rock musicians. He currently lives in the Chinatown section of Manhattan in New York City.
http://wn.com/Nico_Muhly -
Paganini
http://wn.com/Paganini -
Park Chan-wook
Park Chan-wook (; born August 23, 1963) is a South Korean film director, screenwriter, producer, and former film critic. One of the most acclaimed and popular filmmakers in his native country, Park is most known for his films Joint Security Area, Thirst and what has become known as The Vengeance Trilogy, consisting of 2002's Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance, Oldboy in 2003 and Sympathy for Lady Vengeance in 2005. His films are noted for their immaculate framing and often brutal subject matter.
http://wn.com/Park_Chan-wook -
Patti Smith
Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist, who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses. Called the "Godmother of Punk", she integrated the beat poetry performance style with three-chord rock. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978. In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture, and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Patti_Smith -
Paul Dessau
http://wn.com/Paul_Dessau -
Paul Hindemith
Paul Hindemith (16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a German composer, violist, violinist, teacher, music theorist and conductor.
http://wn.com/Paul_Hindemith -
Paul Schrader
http://wn.com/Paul_Schrader -
Paul Simon
Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter.
http://wn.com/Paul_Simon -
Paul Zukofsky
Paul Zukofsky (b. Brooklyn, New York, October 22, 1943) is an American violinist and conductor known for his work in the field of contemporary classical music.
http://wn.com/Paul_Zukofsky -
Peter Baumann
Peter Baumann (born January 29, 1953 in Berlin) formed the core line-up of the German electronic group Tangerine Dream with Edgar Froese and Christopher Franke in 1971. While touring with the band, Baumann composed his first solo album in 1976. Shortly thereafter, in 1977, he left the band and started his own solo career.
http://wn.com/Peter_Baumann -
Peter Greenaway
Peter Greenaway, CBE (born 5 April 1942, Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales) is a British film director. He is currently professor of cinema studies at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.
http://wn.com/Peter_Greenaway -
Peter Handke
Peter Handke (born 6 December 1942, in Griffen, Austria) is an avant-garde Austrian novelist and playwright.
http://wn.com/Peter_Handke -
Peter Sellars
Peter Sellars (born September 27, 1957) is an American theatre director, noted for his unique contemporary stagings of classical and contemporary operas and plays. Sellars is professor of World Arts and Cultures at UCLA, where he teaches Art as Social Action and Art as Moral Action.
http://wn.com/Peter_Sellars -
Peter Stephan Jungk
Peter Stephan Jungk (* December 19, 1952 in Santa Monica, California) is an American, German speaking novelist.
http://wn.com/Peter_Stephan_Jungk -
Peter Weir
http://wn.com/Peter_Weir -
Philip Glass
Philip Morris Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American music composer. He is considered one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century and is widely acknowledged as a composer who has brought art music to the public (along with precursors such as Richard Strauss, Kurt Weill and Leonard Bernstein).
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass -
Pierre Boulez
Pierre Boulez () (born March 26, 1925) is a French composer of contemporary classical music and a conductor.
http://wn.com/Pierre_Boulez -
Rabindranath Tagore
http://wn.com/Rabindranath_Tagore -
Ramakrishna
http://wn.com/Ramakrishna -
Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar (; born 7 April 1920), often referred to by the title Pandit, is an Indian musician and composer who plays the plucked string instrument sitar. He has been described as the best known contemporary Indian musician by Hans Neuhoff in Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart.
http://wn.com/Ravi_Shankar -
Ray Kurzweil
Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil ( ; born February 12, 1948) is an American author, inventor and futurist. He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments. He is the author of several books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, the technological singularity, and futurism.
http://wn.com/Ray_Kurzweil -
Richard Gere
Richard Tiffany Gere (, ; born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. He began acting in the 1970s, and came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo, which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol. He went on to star in several hit films including Days of Heaven, An Officer and a Gentleman, Pretty Woman, Primal Fear, and Chicago, for which he won a Golden Globe Award as Best Actor, as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the Best Cast.
http://wn.com/Richard_Gere -
Richard Serra
Richard Serra (born November 2, 1939) is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large-scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement.
http://wn.com/Richard_Serra -
Robert Ashley
Robert Ashley (born March 28, 1930), is a contemporary American composer, best known for his operas and other theatrical works, many of which incorporate electronics and extended techniques. Along with Gordon Mumma, Ashley was also a major pioneer of audio synthesis.
http://wn.com/Robert_Ashley -
Robert E. Lee
http://wn.com/Robert_E_Lee -
Robert McDuffie
Robert McDuffie is an internationally renowned violinist. He has played as a soloist with many of the major orchestras around the world including those of New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Montreal, Toronto, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Minnesota, Houston, St. Louis, Hamburg Symphony Orchestra, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Frankfurt Radio Orchestra, the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala, Santa Cecilia Orchestra of Rome as well as the major orchestras of Australia and East Asia. Robert Mcduffie played at Atlanta International School on 23 April 2009.
http://wn.com/Robert_McDuffie -
Robert Moran
Robert Moran (born January 8, 1937) is a renowned American composer of operas and ballets as well as numerous orchestral, vocal, chamber and dance works.
http://wn.com/Robert_Moran -
Robert Thurman
:For the baseball player, see Bob Thurman; for the novelist, see Rob Thurman
http://wn.com/Robert_Thurman -
Roberto Carnevale
Roberto Carnevale (born 15 June 1966) is an Italian composer, pianist and conductor.
http://wn.com/Roberto_Carnevale -
Ryuichi Sakamoto
is an Academy Award-winning Japanese musician, composer, record producer and actor, based in New York and Tokyo. He plays keyboards in the influential Japanese electropop band Yellow Magic Orchestra. His 1999 musical composition "Energy Flow", also known as the alternative title of the single disc Ura BTTB, is the first number-one instrumental single in Japan's Oricon charts history.
http://wn.com/Ryuichi_Sakamoto -
Samuel Barber
http://wn.com/Samuel_Barber -
Samuel Beckett
Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish avant-garde writer, dramatist and poet, writing in English and French. Beckett's work offers a bleak outlook on human culture and both formally and philosophically became increasingly minimalist in his later career.
http://wn.com/Samuel_Beckett -
Scott Hicks
Robert Scott Hicks (born 4 March 1953) is a film director from South Australia. He is best known as the screenwriter and director of Shine, the Oscar-winning biopic of pianist David Helfgott. Hick's work has been nominated for an Academy Award as well as winning an Emmy Award.
http://wn.com/Scott_Hicks -
Seneca the Younger
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (often known simply as Seneca, or Seneca the Younger) (c. 3 BC – 65 AD) was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and in one work humorist, of the Silver Age of Latin literature. He was tutor and later advisor to emperor Nero. He was later forced to commit suicide for complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate this last of the Julio-Claudian emperors; however, he may have been innocent. His father was Seneca the Elder and his older brother was Gallio.
http://wn.com/Seneca_the_Younger -
Sibelius
http://wn.com/Sibelius -
Sol LeWitt
Solomon "Sol" LeWitt (September 9, 1928 - April 8, 2007) was an American artist linked to various movements, including Conceptual art and Minimalism.
http://wn.com/Sol_LeWitt -
Stephen Colbert
Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( or born on May 13, 1964) is an American political satirist, writer, comedian and television host. He is the host of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, a satirical news show in which Colbert portrays a caricatured version of conservative political pundits.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Colbert -
Stephen Daldry
Stephen David Daldry, CBE (born 2 May 1961) is an English theatre and film director and producer, as well as a three-time Academy Award nominated and Tony Award winning director.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Daldry -
Steve Reich
http://wn.com/Steve_Reich -
Suzanne Vega
Suzanne Nadine Vega (born July 11, 1959) is an American songwriter and singer known for her eclectic folk-inspired music.
http://wn.com/Suzanne_Vega -
T-Bone Burnett
Joseph Henry Burnett (born January 14, 1948), widely known as T-Bone Burnett, is an American musician, songwriter, and soundtrack and record producer.
http://wn.com/T-Bone_Burnett -
Tan Dun
Tan Dun ( (born 1957, Si Mao, Hunan) is an Academy Award winning Chinese contemporary classical composer, most widely known for his scores for the movies Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Hero.
http://wn.com/Tan_Dun -
Terry Riley
Terrence Mitchell Riley, born June 24, 1935, is an American composer associated with the minimalist school of Western classical music.
http://wn.com/Terry_Riley -
Transcendent Man
http://wn.com/Transcendent_Man -
Twyla Tharp
Twyla Tharp (born July 1, 1941) is an American dancer and choreographer, who lives and works in New York City.
http://wn.com/Twyla_Tharp -
Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira () (c. 1460 or 1469 – 24 December 1524) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. For a short time in 1524 he was Governor of Portuguese India under the title of Viceroy.
http://wn.com/Vasco_da_Gama -
Vincent Persichetti
Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, Persichetti was a native of Philadelphia. He was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching, and for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School.
http://wn.com/Vincent_Persichetti -
Vivaldi
http://wn.com/Vivaldi -
Walt Disney
http://wn.com/Walt_Disney -
Webern
http://wn.com/Webern -
Woody Allen
Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1, 1935) is an American screenwriter, director, actor, comedian, jazz musician, author and playwright.
http://wn.com/Woody_Allen -
Wu Man
Wu Man (; born 1963 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is a Chinese pipa and ruan player and composer. She is an exponent of the Pudong School of pipa playing.
http://wn.com/Wu_Man -
Yehudi Menuhin
http://wn.com/Yehudi_Menuhin
Glass, Philip Filmography
- O Apóstolo (2012)
- Stoker (2012)
- Under African Skies (2012)
- They Were There (2011)
- Elena (2011)
- Londoness (2011)
- Rebirth (2011)
- Portals (2011)
- The Goldberg Variations (2010)
- Astral City: A Spiritual Journey (2010)
- Dancing Across Borders (2010)
- Kepler (2010)
- Music (2010)
- Face Value (2010)
- Mr. Nice (2010)
- Icarus at the Edge of Time (2010)
- Les regrets (2009)
- Transcendent Man (2009)
- Objects and Memory (2008)
- What Are You Looking For? (2008)
- The Dixie Hummingbirds: 80 Years Young (2008)
- Wild Combination: A Portrait of Arthur Russell (2008)
- What Are You Looking For? (2008)
- Patti Smith: Dream of Life (2008)
- Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007)
- No Reservations (2007)
- No Reservations (2007)
- Paul Simon: The Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song (2007)
- Little Things (2007)
- The Old, Weird America: Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music (2007)
- Kremen (2007)
- Les animaux amoureux (2007)
- Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007)
- Cassandra's Dream (2007)
- Repeat (2007)
- Deferred (2007)
- Black Box: UFO Secrets (2006)
- A Broken Sole (2006)
- Abused (2006)
- Imaginary Friend (2006)
- The Illusionist (2006)
- Absolute Wilson (2006)
- Nasiona (2006)
- Roving Mars (2006)
- Notes on a Scandal (2006)
- El drama de la memoria (2006)
- A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash (2006)
- White Shadows (2006)
- Faith's Corner (2005)
- Kiki and Herb Reloaded (2005)
- Disparait, v. (2005)
- La moustache (2005)
- Neverwas (2005)
- The Giant Buddhas (2005)
- The Best of Secter & the Rest of Secter (2005)
- Richard Serra: Thinking on Your Feet (2005)
- Clive Barker: Raising Hell (2004)
- Undertow (2004)
- Happy Birthday Oscar Wilde (2004)
- Taking Lives (2004)
- Sweets to the Sweet: The Candyman Mythos (2004)
- Secret Window: Secrets Revealed (2004)
- Aztec Legend (2004)
- Secret Window: From Book to Film (2004)
- Secret Window: A Look Through It (2004)
- Secret Window (2004)
- Going Upriver: The Long War of John Kerry (2004)
- Les origines du SIDA (2004)
- The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara (2003)
- Pandemic: Facing AIDS (2003)
- Essence of Life (2002)
- Naqoyqatsi (2002)
- Jonas at the Ocean (2002)
- The Hours (2002)
- Passage (2002)
- Powaqqatsi: Impact of Progress (2002)
- The Mind and Times of Virginia Woolf (2002)
- The Baroness and the Pig (2002)
- Diaspora (2001)
- The Man in the Bath (2001)
- L'anima in luce (2001)
- Armonie dell'Estasi (2000)
- Armonie dell'Estasi (2000)
- A Brief History of Errol Morris (2000)
- The Eden Myth (1999)
- Le corset (1999)
- Sin ceder (1999)
- Fast Track (1998)
- The Nova Convention Revisited (1998)
- The Truman Show (1998)
- Kundun (1997)
- Bent (1997)
- Classic Albums: Paul Simon - Graceland (1997)
- No More to Say & Nothing to Weep For: An Elegy for Allen Ginsberg 1926-1997 (1997)
- Ballad of the Skeletons (1997)
- Départ immédiat (1996)
- Absence Stronger Than Presence (1996)
- The Secret Agent (1996)
- Impetus Apaches (1995)
- Journey to Enlightenment (1995)
- Jenipapo (1995)
- Evidence (1995)
- Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh (1995)
- La mort de Molière (1994)
- Compassion in Exile: The Life of the 14th Dalai Lama (1993)
- The Making of 'A Brief History of Time' (1992)
- Planetens spejle (1992)
- Candyman (1992)
- The Arctic (1992)
- Privé de vieillesse (1992)
- Anima Mundi (1992)
- A Brief History of Time (1991)
- A Walk Through Prospero's Library (1991)
- John Cage: Man and Myth (1990)
- Mindwalk (1990)
- La chiesa (1989)
- Powaqqatsi (1988)
- The Thin Blue Line (1988)
- Powaqqatsi (1988)
- Monolithe (1987)
- Robert Wilson and the Civil Wars (1987)
- Hamburger Hill (1987)
- Dead End Kids (1986)
- VH1 New Visions (1986)
- The Kitchen Presents Two Moon July (1986)
- The Kitchen Presents Two Moon July (1986)
- A Composer's Notes: Philip Glass and the Making of an Opera (1986)
- Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
- Empire City (1985)
- Einstein on the Beach: The Changing Image of Opera (1985)
- Einstein on the Beach: The Changing Image of Opera (1985)
- High Wire (1984)
- Four American Composers (1983)
- Four American Composers (1983)
- Satyagraha (1983)
- Koyaanisqatsi (1982)
- Mark Di Suvero, Sculptor (1978)
- Music with Roots in the Aether: Opera for Television by Robert Ashley (1974)
- End of the Art World (1971)
- Marco (1970)
- Inquiring Nuns (1968)
- Dracula (1931)
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- In the Penal Colony: The Machine
- In the Penal Colony: Prologue
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 1
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 2
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 3
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 4
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 5
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 6
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 7
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 8
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 9
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 10
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 11
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 12
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 13
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 14
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 15
- In the Penal Colony: Scene 16
- In the Penal Colony: Epilogue
- Opening
- Metamorphosis: I
- Metamorphosis: II
- Metamorphosis: III
- Metamorphosis: IV
- Metamorphosis: V
- Mad Rush
- Dead Things
- Wichita Vortex Sutra
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The Concerto Project, Volume IV: Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra / Tirol Concerto for Piano & Orchestra
Released 2011
Released 2011
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Duet No. 1
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Part 1
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Duet No. 2
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Part 2
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Duet No. 3
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Part 3
- Double Concerto for Violin, Cello & Orchestra: Duet No. 4
- Tirol Concerto for Piano & Orchestra: I
- Tirol Concerto for Piano & Orchestra: II
- Tirol Concerto for Piano & Orchestra: III
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra No. 1: I
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra No. 1: II
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra No. 1: III
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From the Philip Glass Recording Archive, Volume VI: The Music of Philip Glass and Foday Musa Suso
Released 2011
Released 2011
- The Call
- Waiting
- African Promenade
- The Wayside
- Night Dance
- NY Twilight
- Off Chance
- The Ropes
- Meeting Marlowe
- Tea Time
- New Combo
- Outerlude
- East Village Campsite
- After the Pain
- Suso's Song
- Afternoon Waltz
- Philip's Song
- Foday's Hometown
- Beautiful Girl (live)
- Long Life (live)
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Glassworks + Music in Similar Motion (Signal feat. conductor: Brad Lubman, keyboards: Michael Riesman)
Released 2011
Released 2011
- I - On Astrology
- II - Gryphius 4: To the Stars
- III - Hypotheses
- IV - Gryphius 5: Tears of the Fatherland
- V - Emphemerides
- Epilogue
- Orphée: Act I, Scene I. "le Café" (The Café)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene II. "la Route" (The Road)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene III. "le Chalet" (The Chalet)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene IV. "Chez Orphée" (Orphée's House)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene V. "la Chambre d'Orphée" (Orphée's Bedroom)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene VI. "le Studio d'Orphée" (Orphée's Studio)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene VII. "le Bureau du Commissaire" (Commissioner's Office)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene VIII. "la Poursuite" (The Chase)
- Orphée: Act I, Scene IX. "Chez Orphée" (Orphée's House)
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": I
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": II
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": III
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": IV
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": I. 1957: Award Montage
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": II. November 25: Ichigaya
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": III. Grandmother and Kimitake
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": IV. 1962: Body Building
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": V. Blood Oath
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": VI. Mishima / Closing
- String Quartet No. 1: I
- String Quartet No. 1: II
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": I
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": II
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": III
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": Prologue
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": I
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": Song No. 1
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": II
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": Song No. 2
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": III
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": Song No. 3
- Violin Concerto No. 2 "The American Four Seasons": IV
- Itaipu: Mato Grosso
- Itaipu: The Lake
- Itaipu: The Dam
- Itaipu: To The Sea
- Three Songs: There Are Some Men
- Three Songs: Quand les Hommes Vivront d'Amour
- Three Songs: Pierre de Soleil
- The Juniper Tree: Prologue
- The Juniper Tree: Act One: Scene One
- The Juniper Tree: Scene Two
- The Juniper Tree: Scene Three
- The Juniper Tree: Bird Song
- The Juniper Tree: Epilogue
- The Juniper Tree: Act Two: Scene One
- The Juniper Tree: Interlude
- The Juniper Tree: Scene Two
- The Juniper Tree: Final Scene - Trio
- Szene 1: Funeral of Amenhotep III
- Conclusion Act 3
- The Poet Acts
- Escape!
- Knee Play no. 4
- Opening
- Hymn to the Sun
- Facades
- Lightning
- Dance II
- Dance IX
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From the Philip Glass Recording Archive, Volume V: The Secret Agent
Released 2009
Released 2009
- Secret Agent
- Winnie Remembers
- Verloc and the Russian Embassy
- Blood on the Stairs
- The First Meridian
- Emigration
- Trust
- Winnie?
- Explosives
- All the Money
- Simple
- Roast Beef
- Safe Journey
- Ossipon is Tempted
- Winnie Goes to Sea
- Secret Agent Ending
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Symphony No. 7 "Toltec" (Bruckner Orchester Linz & Linz Opera Chorus, conductor: Dennis Russell Davies)
Released 2009
Released 2009
- Symphony No. 7 "Toltec": I. "The Corn"
- Symphony No. 7 "Toltec": II. "The Hikuri" (Sacred Root)
- Symphony No. 7 "Toltec": III. "The Blue Deer"
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Ruhr Piano Festival: Philip Glass Piano Music: Four Movements for Two Pianos, Etudes for Piano, The Hours (Dennis Russell Davies & Maki Namekawa)
Released 2009
Released 2009
- Four Movements for Two Pianos: I.
- Four Movements for Two Pianos: II.
- Four Movements for Two Pianos: III.
- Four Movements for Two Pianos: IV.
- Etude No. 1 (original 1994 version)
- Etude No. 2 (original 1994 version)
- Etude No. 3 (original 1994 version)
- Etude No. 4 (original 1994 version)
- Etude No. 5 (original 1994 version)
- Etude No. 6 (original 1994 version)
- The Hours: Morning Passages
- The Hours: Escape!
- The Hours: The Poet Acts
- Etudes for Solo Piano, Volume I, Nos. 1-10: II. Etude No.2
- Candyman: Music Box
- Saxophone: Concerto for Saxophone Quartet
- The Thin Blue Line: Help Me
- Orphée Suite for Solo Piano: Orphée's Bedroom
- The Fog of War: 100,000 People
- Channels & Winds
- The Hours Solo Piano: Escape!
- Concerto Fantasy: Movement 1
- Undertow: The Chase
- Etude No.2 (Superveille)
- Analog: Etoile Polaire
- Piano Concerto No.2 "The Vision": Movement 1
- The Witches of Venice: The Plant-Boy's Song
- Dracula Solo Piano: Renfield
- Funeral of Amenhotep III (Edited)
- Cassandra's Dream: A Drive in the Country
- Waiting for the Barbarians: Dreamscape No.3
- Molly Is a Dreamer
- Neverwas: Neverwas Restored
- Koyaanisqatsi: The Grid (edit)
- In the Upper Room: Dance I
- In the Upper Room: Dance II
- In the Upper Room: Dance III
- In the Upper Room: Dance IV
- In the Upper Room: Dance V
- In the Upper Room: Dance VI
- In the Upper Room: Dance VII
- In the Upper Room: Dance VIII
- In the Upper Room: Dance IX
- Koyaanisqatsi
- Organic
- Clouds
- Resource
- Vessels
- Pruitt Igoe
- Pruitt Igoe Coda
- SloMo People
- The Grid Introduction
- The Grid
- Microchip
- Prophecies
- Translations and Credits
- I. Concerto for Violin and Orchestra
- II. Concerto for Violin and Orchestra
- III. Concerto for Violin and Orchestra
- Subterraneans
- Some are
- Warszawa
- Anima Mundi
- Jenipapo: No. 14
- Overture to La belle et la bete
- Neverwas Set
- Notes on a Scandal: I Knew Her
- A Brief History of Time Selections
- Mishima: Closing
- Naqoyqatsi: Primacy of Number
- The Illusionist: Finale
- The Fog of War
- No Reservations Combine
- Candyman: Helen's Theme and More
- Concerto Grosso: I.
- Concerto Grosso: II.
- Concerto Grosso: III.
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet: I.
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet: II.
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet: III.
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet: IV.
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: I. Opening section - choral plainchant in minims
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: II. Choral plainchant elaborated with quaver movement
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: III. Harmonic and rhythmic exploration leading to
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: 4. Oscillating and repeated chords - then new melodic line added
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: V. Organ interlude on C pedal with gentle cross-rhythms
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: VI. Choral re-entry in repeated sequences with organ obligato
- Another Look at Harmony, Part IV: VII. Final section - choir and organ with shifting harmonic roots
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From the Philip Glass Recording Archive, Volume 4: Neverwas
Released 2008
Released 2008
- Main Title Neverwas
- "I Want the Job"
- "Hi Gabriel"
- Meeting Maggie
- First Patient
- Records Room
- The Pierson Estate
- Remembering Thomas
- "I Am the King"
- "Weirder and Weirder"
- "You're a Reporter!"
- Dungeon Break
- The Riverknight
- Discovering Neverwas/Ghastly Arrives
- The Castle / "My Name Is Zachary Small"
- End Titles
- Neverwas Restored
- Prelude
- Scene One: "In fact, we never had a prison"
- Scene Two: "Dreamscape No. 1"
- Scene Three: "You sent for me."
- Scene Four: "You're working late."
- Scene Five: "Normally speaking, we would never approve of torture..."
- Scene Six: "Take off your cap"
- Scene Seven: "Dreamscape No. 2"
- Scene Eight: "Do you like living in the town?"
- Scene Nine: "...To demonstrate our strength to the barbarians"
- Scene Ten: "Did you have a good evening?"
- Scene Eleven: "Dreamscape No. 3"
- Scene Twelve: "What is it?"
- Scene Thirteen: "Can you see them? (Trip into the mountains)
- Scene Fourteen: "Who gave you permission to desert your post?"
- Swans Take Flight
- The Bath
- The Gaze, the Scents
- The Battle
- Ballet of the Birds
- The Birth of the Fawn
- The Peacock and the Japanese Cranes
- The Grebe's Race on Water
- The Kangaroos
- From Insects to Whales
- The Happy Couples
- The Orangutans and the Small Ducks
- From Gazelles to Kangaroos
- The Return of the Animals
- The Swans Return / End Title
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From the Philip Glass Recording Archive, Volume III: Film Scores: Jenipapo
Released 2008
Released 2008
- Jenipapo
- Coleman's Theme
- Political Connections
- Father Stephen Lewis
- Disappearance
- Land-Grab
- Remaining Silent Now
- Connected Politically
- Coleman's Dilemma
- The Reclamation Bill
- Journalism 101
- Bahia
- Coleman's Consequences
- The Interview
- Where We Go
- Jenipapo Finale
- Ignorant Sky (feat. Suzanne Vega)
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": I. 1957: Award Montage
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": II. November 25: Ichigaya
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": III. 1934: Grandmother and Kimitake
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": IV. 1962: Body Building
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": V. Blood Oath
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": VI. Mishima/Closing
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": I
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": II
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": III
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": IV
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": I
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": II
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": III
- La Belle et la Bête
- The Hours Suite: I.
- The Hours Suite: II.
- The Hours Suite: III.
- Mishima: 1934: Grandmother and Kimitake
- Mishima: 1962: Body Building
- Mishima: Blood Oath
- Mishima: Closing
- The Secret Agent
- Echorus
- Company: I.
- Company: II.
- Company: III.
- Company: IV.
- Closing
- Song I
- Song II
- Song III
- Song IV
- Song V
- Song VI
- Song VII
- Tissue No. 1
- Tissue No. 2
- Tissue No. 6
- Tissue No. 7
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From the Philip Glass Recording Archive, Volume 1: Theater Music
Released 2007
Released 2007
- The Sound of a Voice: Suite
- In the Summer House
- "My One and Only Hope..."
- Gertrude's Paradise
- Mr. Solares' Picnic Lunch
- "Molly Is a Dreamer."
- Enter Vivian
- The Beach / Lionel and Molly
- Vivian's Death / Two Marriages
- "Life Is Tragic, Mrs. Constable."
- Gertrude Leaves the Summer House
- Left Alone...
- The Lobster Bowl
- Back to Sad Things
- Gertrude Returns
- "I Knew You'd Come Back."
- A Choice
- Lionel Departs
- "When I Was a Little Girl..."
- Dracula
- Journey to the Inn
- The Inn
- The Crypt
- Carriage Without a Driver
- The Castle
- The Drawing Room
- Excellent, Mr. Renfield
- The Three Consorts of Dracula
- The Storm
- Horrible Tragedy
- London Fog
- In the Theatre
- Lucy's Bitten
- Seward Sanatorium
- Renfield
- In His Cell
- When the Dream Comes
- Dracula Enters
- Or a Wolf
- Women in White
- Renfield in the Drawing Room
- Dr. Van Helsing and Dracula
- Mina on the Terrace
- Mina's Bedroom/The Abbey
- The End of Dracula
- Dracula Epilogue
- Cassandra's Dream
- Buying the Boat
- Sailing
- The Cockney Brothers
- A Drive in the Country
- Angela
- Howard's Request / In the Apt.
- The Pursuit & Murder in the Park
- Suspicion
- The Plot Unravels
- Death on the Boat
- Cassandra's Dream Finale
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From the Philip Glass Recording Archive, Volume II: Orchestral Music
Released 2007
Released 2007
- Days and Nights in Rocinha
- Persephone: I. Family
- Persephone: II. Galatea
- Persephone: III. Beds
- Persephone: IV. Cocktail Party
- Persephone: V. Perceval
- Songs From Liquid Days: Lightning
- Glassworks: Facades
- Satyagraha: Evening Song
- The Photographer: A Gentleman's Honor (vocal)
- Akhnaten: Hymn to the Sun
- Metamorphosis Four
- Songs From Liquid Days: Open the Kingdom
- In the Upper Room: Dance II
- Glassworks: Glasspiece No. 1: Rubric
- Songs From Liquid Days: Changing Opinion
- The Sound of a Voice - Suite
- In the Summer House
- "My One and Only Hope..."
- Gertrude's Paradise
- Mr. Solares' Picnic Lunch
- "Molly Is a Dreamer."
- Enter Vivian
- The Beach/Lionel and Molly
- Vivian's Death/Two Marriages
- "Life Is Tragic, Mrs. Constable."
- Gertrude Leaves the Summer House
- Left Alone...
- The Lobster Bowl
- Back to Sad Things
- Gertrude Returns
- "I Knew You'd Come Back."
- A Choice
- Lionel Departs
- "When I Was a Little Girl..."
- Prologue - I Can't Make the Hills
- I Came Down From the Mountains
- A Sip of Wine
- Want to Fly
- The Light Came Through the Window
- Puppet Time
- G-d Opened My Eyes
- You Go Your Way
- I Was Doing Something
- Not a Jew
- How Much I Love You
- Babylon
- I Enjoyed the Laughter
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Symphony No. 4, "Heroes" / The Light (Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra feat. conductor: Marin Alsop)
Released 2007
Released 2007
- The Light
- Symphony No. 4, "Heroes": I. Heroes
- Symphony No. 4, "Heroes": II. Abdulmajid
- Symphony No. 4, "Heroes": III. Sense of Doubt
- Symphony No. 4, "Heroes": IV. Sons of the Silent Age
- Symphony No. 4, "Heroes": V. Neukoln
- Symphony No. 4, "Heroes": VI. V2 Schneider
- First Day of School
- The History
- Invitation
- The Harts
- Discovery
- Confession
- Stalking
- Courage
- Sheba & Steven
- The Promise
- Good Girl
- Sheba's Longing
- Someone in Your Garden
- A Life Lived Together
- Someone Has Died
- Betrayal
- It's Your Choice
- Barbara's House
- Going Home
- I Knew Her
- Dracula
- Journey to the Inn
- The Inn
- The Crypt
- Carriage Without a Driver
- The Castle
- The Drawing Room
- "Excellent, Mr. Renfield"
- The Three Consorts of Dracula
- The Storm
- Horrible Tragedy
- London Fog
- In the Theatre
- Lucy's Bitten
- Seward Sanatorium
- Renfield
- In His Cell
- When the Dream Comes
- Dracula Enters
- Or a Wolf
- Women in White
- Renfield in the Drawing Room
- Dr. Van Helsing and Dracula
- Mina on the Terrace
- The Abbey
- The End of Dracula
- Dracula: Epilogue
- Metamorphosis One
- Metamorphosis Two
- Metamorphosis Three
- Metamorphosis Four
- Metamorphosis Five
- Mad Rush
- Wichita Vortex Sutra
- Glassworks - Opening
- The Hours
- Modern Love Waltz
- In the Upper Room: Dance IX
- Music in Twelve Parts: Part 1
- Music in Twelve Parts: Part 2
- Einstein on the Beach: Building
- Glassworks: Façades
- Étoile Polaire
- Victor's Lament (From Étoile Polaire)
- River Run (From Étoile Polaire)
- Mon Père, Mon Père (From Étoile Polaire)
- Are Years What? (For Marianne Moore)
- Lady Day (From Étoile Polaire)
- Ange Des Orages (From Étoile Polaire)
- Ave (From Étoile Polaire)
- Ik-Ook (From Étoile Polaire)
- Montage (From Étoile Polaire)
- Part IV (From Dressed Like an Egg)
- Part V (From Dressed Like an Egg)
- Part VI (From Dressed Like an Egg)
- Mad Rush for organ
- The Lagoon
- The Philosophers Have Arrived
- No Solution
- The Fairies
- "Life Is Hard"
- "I'm Not a Fool"
- The Plant-Boy's Song
- The Witches Rush In
- The Wind Blows
- The Witches Palace
- Inside the Palace
- Ghosts and Skeletons!
- The Ogre
- Ogre's Song
- Plant-Boy Flees
- Dance of the Witches
- Witch Mother
- Gondolas Bringing Guests
- "Away Pigeon, Away!"
- Plant-Boy's Tears
- In the Chandelier
- Glorious Escape!
- A Happy Ending
- Life Is Hard, a Good Red Wine
- Opening Titles
- Robot Geologist
- Origami Spacekraft
- Spirit and Opportunity
- Eyes, Hands, Wheels
- So Much of Our Hopes
- 7 Months After Launch
- Unfolding
- Sediments
- Landing
- Opportunity vs. Spirit
- Floating in Space
- Life Itself
- Glósóli
- The Illusionist
- Do You Know Me?
- Chance Encounter
- The Locket
- The Orange Tree
- The Mirror
- Wish I Would See You Again
- The Sword
- Meeting in the Carriage
- Sophie
- The Secret Plot
- Sophie's Ride to the Castle
- The Accident
- The New Theater
- Frankel Appears
- A Shout From the Crowd
- Eisenheim Disappears
- The Search
- The Missing Gem
- The Chase
- Life in the Mountains
- Piano Concerto No. 2: I. The Vision
- Piano Concerto No. 2: II. Sacagawea
- Piano Concerto No. 2: III. The Land
- Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra: I
- Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra: II
- Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra: III
- Prologue
- Act I, Scene 1
- Act I, Scene 2, Part 1
- Act I, Scene 2: Interlude
- Act I, Scene 2: Conclusion
- Act I, Scene 3
- Act II, Scene 1
- Scene 1: Les Enfants Terribles Overture
- Scene 2: Paul Is Dying
- Scene 3: A Snowball
- Scene 4: Two Halves of the Same Body
- Scene 5: He Didn't Say Goodbye
- Scene 6: The Somnambulist
- Scene 7: She Slapped Me
- Scene 8a: The Lived Their Dream
- Scene 8b: And Then Leave
- Scene 9: Call Me Elisabeth
- Scenes 10-11: Crisscross Pattern
- Another Look at Harmony (Robert Bell remix)
- Etude No. 2 (Luciano Supervielle remix)
- Saxophone Concerto (H. Castillo & E. Larez remix)
- Tirol Concerto (Sebastián Escofet remix)
- Etude No. 1 (Androoval remix)
- Houston Skyline (Kate Simko remix)
- Dance From Ahknaten (impLOG. remix)
- Etude No. 5 (Taylor Deupree remix)
- Channels and Winds (Marcos Romero remix)
- Why Are We Here? (Dave Wesley remix)
- Thin Blue Line (Dietrich Schoenemann remix)
- Saxophone Concerto (Brian Bender remix)
- 2nd Perception of Light, Moon, Mist and Rainbow (Woody McBride remix)
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Dennis Russell Davies Performs Philip Glass: Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra and Selections from Passages (feat. The Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra)
Released 2004
Released 2004
- Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: Movement I
- Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: Movement II
- Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: Movement III
- Selections From Passages: Offering
- Selections From Passages: Channels And Winds
- Selections From Passages: Meetings Along the Edge
- The Kiss
- Car Ride
- The Chase
- The Family
- Chris and the Model Airplane
- The Argument
- Deel's Song
- Golden Coins
- Running Away
- Through the Woods
- Backwoods Couple
- Shipyard
- Junkyard
- Abandoned Factory
- The Ending
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The Concerto Project, Volume I (Royal Liverpool Philharmonic feat. conductor: Gerard Schwarz)
Released 2004
Released 2004
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra: I
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra: II
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra: III
- Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra: I
- Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra: II
- Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra: Cadenza
- Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra: III
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Symphonies Nos. 2 and 3 (Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra feat. conductor: Marin Alsop)
Released 2004
Released 2004
- Symphony No. 3: I
- Symphony No. 3: II
- Symphony No. 3: III
- Symphony No. 3: IV
- Symphony No. 2: I
- Symphony No. 2: II
- Symphony No. 2: III
- The Poet Acts
- Morning Passages
- Something She Has to Do
- "For Your Own Benefit"
- Vanessa and the Changelings
- "I'm Going to Make a Cake"
- An Unwelcome Friend
- Dead Things
- The Kiss
- "Why Does Someone Have to Die?"
- Tearing Herself Away
- Escape!
- Choosing Life
- The Hours
- Adam's Theme
- Thin Blue Line
- Help Me
- Houston Skyline
- Looking
- Boston Blackie
- Comets and Vegas
- Deception
- The Whole Truth
- Remembering
- Adam's Nightmare
- Miller's Theme
- Hypnotic Time
- Harris' Story
- Randall
- Strange and Abstract
- Lies
- Strange Welcome
- Emily
- [unknown]
- Window of Appearances
- Dam
- Kuru Field of Justice
- Facades
- Changing Opinion
- Metamorphosis One
- Akhaten's Hymn to the Aten
- In the Upper Room Dance VIII
- Protest
- Wichita Vortex Sutra
- Metamorphosis I
- Metamorphosis II
- Metamorphosis III
- Metamorphosis IV
- Metamorphosis V
- Mad Rush
- Opening
- Modern Love Waltz
- Orphée Suite: I. The Cafe
- Orphée Suite: II. Orphee's Bedroom
- Orphée Suite: III. Journey to the Underworld
- Orphée Suite: IV. Orphee and the Princess
- Orphée Suite: V. Return to Orphee's House
- Orphée Suite: VI. Orphee's Return
- Orphée Suite: VII. Orphee's Bedroom (reprise)
- Trilogy Sonata: I. Knee Play No. 4 From Einstein on the Beach
- Trilogy Sonata: II. Act 3: Conclusion From Satyagraha
- Trilogy Sonata: III. Dance From Act 2 of Akhnaten
- Epilogue From Monsters of Grace
- 100,000 People
- Target Destruction
- Revolution in the Pentagon
- Low Evil
- Blind Moles
- Behind the Moon
- November 1, 1967
- IBM Punch Cards
- The War to End All Wars
- Statistical Control
- A New Weapon
- Damned If I Don't
- The Family
- Chengtu
- Dominoes
- 67 Cities
- Rolling Thunder
- Invitation
- Success
- Data
- Across the World
- 5 Weeks
- Norman Morrison
- Snowing
- Gulf of Tonkin
- Return From Vietnam
- Private and Public
- Unilateralism
- Why Are We Here?
- Evil Grade
- Body Count
- The Light That Failed
- No Second Chance
- The Fog of War
- Etude No. 1
- Etude No. 2
- Etude No. 3
- Etude No. 4
- Etude No. 5
- Etude No. 6
- Etude No. 7
- Etude No. 8
- Etude No. 9
- Etude No. 10
- Opening
- The Olympian - Lighting of the Torch
- Metamorphosis: I
- Metamorphosis: II
- Metamorphosis: III
- Metamorphosis: IV
- Metamorphosis: V
- Mad Rush
- Wichita Vortex Sutra
- Music for Voices (voices: Mabou Mines)
- Another Look at Harmony, Part 4 (conductor: Michael Riesman, voices: The Western Wind)
- Vertigo
- He Is Coerced to Look
- Engagement
- The Naming
- Tranquility
- The Beggin
- The Strategem
- On My Watch and Caught
- The Hurricane and Recognition of Death
- The Entrance of the Moon
- The Sighting
- They Enter the Stream
- Abandonment
- The Brother Becomes a Maniac
- The First Mad Rush
- Second Perception of Light, Moon, Mist, and Rainbow
- The Maelström
- Hour of the Slack and Escape
- Naqoyqatsi
- Primacy of Number
- Massman
- New World
- Religion
- Media Weather
- Old World
- Intensive Time
- Point Blank
- The Vivid Unknown
- Definition
- Symphony for Eight
- Company
- Mishima
- Facades
- The Secret Agent
- Blood on the Stairs
- Emigrations
- Winnie Goes to Sea
- The Secret Agent Ending
- Attack and Fall
- Funeral of Amenhotep III
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Music in the Shape of a Square (feat. performer: Alter Ego)
Released 2001
Released 2001
- Dance 2
- Satyagraha: Act III. Finale
- Dance 4
- Duets and Canons: I. Kyrie
- Duets and Canons: II. Ad tertiam
- Duets and Canons: III. Puer natus
- Duets and Canons: IV. Alleluia
- Duets and Canons: V. Credo
- Duets and Canons: VI. Sanctus
- Duets and Canons: VII. Tui sunt
- Duets and Canons: VIII. Gloria
- Duets and Canons: IX. Viderunt omnes
- Duets and Canons: X. Agnus & Benedicamus
- Music Box
- Candyman Suite: Cabrini Green
- Candyman Suite: Helen's Theme
- Candyman Suite: Face to Razor
- Candyman Suite: Floating Candyman
- Candyman Suite: Return to Cabrini
- Candyman Suite: It Was Always You, Helen
- Candyman II: Daniel's Flashback
- Candyman II: The Slave Quarters
- Candyman II: Annie's Theme
- Candyman II: All Falls Apart
- Candyman II: The Demise of Candyman
- Candyman II: Reverend's Walk
- Satyagraha: Act 3: Conclusion
- A Room (From She Is Asleep)
- Metamorphosis One
- Metamorphosis Two
- Metamorphosis Three
- Metamorphosis Four
- Metamorphosis Five
- Dream
- Mad Rush
- Before the Creation
- Creation of the Cosmos
- Creation of Sentient Beings
- Creation of Human Beings
- Love and Joy
- Evil and Ignorance
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Violin Concerto / Prelude and Dance from Akhnaten / Company
Released 2000
Released 2000
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": I
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": II
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": III
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": IV
- Violin Concerto: I
- Violin Concerto: II
- Violin Concerto: III
- Akhnaten: Prelude
- Akhnaten: Act II, Scene 3: Dance
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Symphony No. 3 / Interludes From the CIVIL warS / Mechanical Ballet From The Voyage / The Light
Released 2000
Released 2000
- Symphony No. 3: Movement I
- Symphony No. 3: Movement II
- Symphony No. 3: Movement III
- Symphony No. 3: Movement IV
- Interlude No. 1 from the CIVIL warS
- Mechanical Ballet from The Voyage
- Interlude No. 2 from the CIVIL warS
- The Light
- Metamorphosis One
- Metamorphosis Two
- Metamorphosis Three
- Metamorphosis Four
- Metamorphosis Five
- Mad Rush
- Wichita Vortex Sutra
- Opening (from "Glassworks", Arr. van Veen)
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the CIVIL warS, a tree is the best measured when it is down
Released 1999
Released 1999
- Act V, The Rome Selection: Prologue
- Act V, The Rome Selection: Scene A
- Act V, The Rome Selection: Scene B
- Act V, The Rome Selection: Scene C
- Aguas da Amazonia: Tiquiê River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Japurá River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Purus River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Negro River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Madeira River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Tapajós River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Paru River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Xingu River
- Aguas da Amazonia: Amazon River
- Metamorphosis: Metamorphosis I
- Opening
- Metamorphosis One
- Étoile Polaire
- Victor's Lament
- River Run
- Ave
- Mad Rush
- Aria From Act III of Satyagraha
- Closing (Stalteri Dramatic version)
- Secret Agent & Roast Beef
- Interlude
- Living Waters
- Runaway Horses
- Knee 3
- Trust
- New Cities in Ancient Lands
- Mishima / Closing
- The Unutterable, Excerpt
- Osamu's Theme: Kyoko's House
- Dance 2
- Promenade Dans le Jardin, Excerpt
- Part 2, Excerpt
- Movement V, Excerpt
- Song #15, Father Death Blues
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Symphony No. 2 / Interlude from Orphée / Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra
Released 1998
Released 1998
- Symphony No. 2: Movement I
- Symphony No. 2: Movement II
- Symphony No. 2: Movement III
- Interlude from Orphée (Act II, Scene 5)
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra: Movement I
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra: Movement II
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra: Movement III
- Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra: Movement IV
- Sand Mandala
- Northern Tibet
- Dark Kitchen
- Choosing
- Caravan Moves Out
- Reting's Eyes
- Potala
- Lord Chamberlain
- Norbu Plays
- Norbulingka
- Chinese Invade
- Fish
- Distraught
- Thirteenth Dalai Lama
- Move to Dungkar
- Projector
- Lhasa at Night
- Escape to India
- Akhnaten: Act I, iii. "The Window of Appearances"
- Itaipu: "The Dam"
- Satyagraha: Act I, iii. "The Vow"
- Liquid Days: Part II. "Open the Kingdom"
- Akhnaten: Act III, ii. "Attack and Fall"
- Satyagraha: Act II, i. "Confrontation and Rescue"
- Akhnaten: Act I, i. "Funeral of Amenhotep III"
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"Heroes" Symphony: From the Music of David Bowie & Brian Eno
Released 1997
Released 1997
- Music in Twelve Parts: I
- Music in Twelve Parts: II
- Music in Twelve Parts: III
- Music in Twelve Parts: IV
- Music in Twelve Parts: V: Beginning
- Secret Agent
- Winnie Remembers
- Verloc and the Russian Embassy
- Blood on the Stairs
- The First Meridian
- Emigration
- Trust
- Winnie?
- Explosives
- All the Money
- Simple
- Roast Beef
- Safe Journey
- Ossipon Is Tempted
- Winnie Goes to the Sea
- Secret Agent Ending
- Opening
- Metamorphosis one
- Protest
- Metamorphosis two
- Evening song
- Metamorphosos five
- Akhnaten
- The lake
- Mato grosso
- Closing
- Compassion in Exile
- Compassion in Exile
- Compassion in Exile
- Compassion in Exile
- Compassion in Exile
- Compassion in Exile
- Passages
- Passages
- Closing
- Facades
- Phaedra
- Phaedra
- Company
- Company
- Company
- Mindwalk
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- In the summer house
- Pieces for a ballet
- Pieces for a ballet
- Pieces for a ballet
- Pieces for a ballet
- Pieces for a ballet
- Pieces for a ballet
- Pieces for a ballet
- Love divided by
- Love divided by
- Love divided by
- In The Upper Room
- In The Upper Room
- In The Upper Room
- In The Upper Room
- Tse
- Tse
- Harris (Thin blue line)
- Comets & vegas (Thin blue line)
- Strange & abstract (Thin blue line)
- Civil Wars (Köln)
- A brief history of time
- A brief history of time
- A brief history of time
- A brief history of time
- A brief history of time
- Dressed like an egg
- Floe 87
- The Photographer
- Facades
- Dance I
- Dance II
- Bed
- Dance VIII
- Kuru Field of Justice
- Tolstoy Farm
- Metamorphosis 3
- To the Sea
- Metamorphosis 4
- Islands
- Ouverture
- Les Sœurs
- La Demande en mariage d'avenant
- Le Voyage du père
- Le Domaine de la Bête
- Le Retour du père
- La Belle va au château
- Le Dîner
- Les Tourments de la Bête
- Ouverture
- Les Sœurs
- La Demande en mariage d'Avenant
- Le Voyage du père
- Le Domaine de la Bête
- Le Retour du père
- La Belle va au chateau
- Le Dîner
- Les Tourments de la Bête
- Promenade dans le jardin
- La Saisie des meubles
- La Confiance de la Bête en la Belle
- Belle retourne chez son père
- Bell raconte son histoire
- Le Plan
- La Passion d'Avenant
- Le Magnifique apparaît
- Le Miroir
- Le Pavillon
- La Métamorphose
- String Quartet No. 5: I
- String Quartet No. 5: II
- String Quartet No. 5: III
- String Quartet No. 5: IV
- String Quartet No. 5: V
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": I
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": II
- String Quartet No. 4 "Buczak": III
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": I
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": II
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": III
- String Quartet No. 2 "Company": IV
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": I. 1957-Award Montage
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": II. November 25-Ichigaya
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": III. 1934-Grandmother and Kimitake
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": IV. 1962-Body Building
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": V. Blood Oath
- String Quartet No. 3 "Mishima": VI. Mishima/Closing
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Two Pages / Contrary Motion / Music in Fifths / Music in Similar Motion
Released 1994
Released 1994
- String Quartet, Op. 11: I. Molto allegro e appassionato
- String Quartet, Op. 11: IIa. Molto adagio
- String Quartet, Op. 11: IIb. Molto allegro (come prima)
- String Quartet in F major "American", Op. 96: I. Allegro ma non troppo
- String Quartet in F major "American", Op. 96: II. Lento
- String Quartet in F major "American", Op. 96: III. Molto vivace
- String Quartet in F major "American", Op. 96: IV. Finale - vivace ma non troppo
- String Quartet No. 1: Part One
- String Quartet No. 1: Ambient Pause
- String Quartet No. 1: Part Two
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Philip Glass and Alfred Schnittke: Violin Concerto, Concerto Grosso No. 5
Released 1993
Released 1993
- Concerto for violin and orchestra: I. = 104 - = 120
- Concerto for violin and orchestra: II. = ca. 108
- Concerto for violin and orchestra: III. = ca. 150 - Coda: Poco meno = 104
- Concerto Grosso No. 5: I. Allegretto
- Concerto Grosso No. 5: II. [without tempo indication]
- Concerto Grosso No. 5: III. Allegro vivace
- Concerto Grosso No. 5: IV. Lento
- Lightning
- Changing Opinion
- Facades
- A Gentleman's Honor
- The Kuru Field of Justice
- Protest
- Evening Song
- Hymn to the Sun
- Window of Appearances
- Bed
- Dance 8
- Metamorphosis Four
- Closing
- from Iron Horse
- Jahweh and Allah battle
- from Iron Horse
- To P.O.
- from Crossing Nation
- from Wichta Vortex Sutra
- From Howl, Part II
- from Cabin in the Rockies
- from Nagasaki Days (Numbers in Red Notebook)
- Aunt Rose
- from The Green Automobile
- from N.S.A Dope Calypso
- from Nagasaki Days (Everybody's Fantasy)
- Ayers Rock / Uluru Song and "Throw Out the Yellow Journalists..."
- Father Death Blues (from Don't Grow Old)
- The Mad Cadi's Court
- Leila Dies
- Said and His Shadow Dance
- Decorating the Dummies
- Warda's Whorehouse
- The French Lieutenant Dreams
- The Arab Women Lament
- Land of the Dead
- Ansatou
- 19th Century France
- Said's Treason
- The Orchard
- The Village
- Prison Song
- Suso's Song
- France
- Night on the Balcony
- North Africa - 1962
- Metamorphosis: One
- Metamorphosis: Two
- Metamorphosis: Three
- Metamorphosis: Four
- Metamorphosis: Five
- Mad Rush
- Wichita Sutra Vortex
- Protest
- Evening Song
- Hymn to the Sun
- Trial/Prison
- Akhnaten & Nefertiti
- Kuru Field of Justice
- Knee 1
- Tolstoy Farm
- Window of Appearances
- Bed
- Epilogue
- Knee 5
- Opening Credits
- Prologue
- Interrogation, Part One
- Interrogation, Part Two
- Turko, Part One
- Turko, Part Two
- Vidor
- Harris' Story
- Adams' Story
- Comets & Vegas
- The Defense Attorneys, Part One
- Harris' Crimes, Part One
- The Judge
- The Trial, Part One
- The Trial, Part Two
- The Mystery Eyewitness, Part One
- The Mystery Eyewitness, Part Two
- Elba Carr
- The Mystery Eyewitness, Part Three
- The Thin Blue Line
- Dr. Death
- The Electric Chair
- The Defense Attorneys, Part Two
- Harris' Testimony
- The Mystery Eyewitness, Part Four
- The Mystery Eyewitness, Part Five
- Harris' Crimes, Part Two
- Hell on Earth
- Harris' Childhood
- The Confession
- End Credits
- Étoile polaire (North Star)
- Victor’s Lament
- River Run
- Mon père, mon père
- Are Years What? (For Marianne Moore)
- Lady Day
- Ange des orages
- Ave
- Ik-Ook
- Montage
- Serra Pelada
- The Title
- Anthem, Part 1
- That Place
- Anthem, Part 2
- Mosque and Temple
- Anthem, Part 3
- Train to São Paulo
- Video Dream
- New Cities in Ancient Lands, China
- New Cities in Ancient Lands, Africa
- New Cities in Ancient Lands, India
- The Unutterable
- CAUGHT!
- Mr. Suso #1
- From Egypt
- Mr. Suso #2 With Reflection
- Powaqqatsi
- In the Upper Room: Dance I
- In the Upper Room: Dance II
- In the Upper Room: Dance V
- In the Upper Room: Dance VIII
- In the Upper Room: Dance IX
- Glasspieces: Glasspiece #1 ("Rubric")
- Glasspieces: Glasspiece #2 ("Façades")
- Glasspieces: Glasspiece #3 ("Funeral" from Akhnaten)
- Changing Opinion
- Lightning
- Freezing
- Liquid Days, Part One
- Liquid Days, Part Two: Open the Kingdom
- Forgetting
- Mishima / Opening
- November 25: Morning
- 1934: Grandmother & Kimitake
- Temple of the Golden Pavilion ("Like Some Enormous Music")
- Osamu's Theme: Kyoko's House
- 1937: Saint Sebastian
- Kyoko's House ("Stage Blood Is Not Enough")
- November 25: Ichigaya
- 1957: Award Montage
- Runaway Horses ("Poetry Written with a Splash of Blood")
- 1962: Body Building
- November 25: The Last Day
- F-104: Epilogue From Sun and Steel
- Mishima / Closing
- I "Subterraneans" from "Low" Symphony
- Land of the Dead (from Music from "The Screens")
- Said's Treason (from Music from "The Screens")
- The Orchard (from Music from "The Screens")
- Night on the Balcony (from Music from "The Screens")
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra
- Amazon River from "Aguas da Amazonia"
- "Heroes" Symphony: II. "Abdulmajid"
- "Heroes" Symphony: IV. "V2 Schneider"
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2001-xx-xx: Metropolitan Opera, New York City, NY, USA (Metropolitan Opera)
- [introduction]
- [introduction (continued)]
- Act 1: Leo Tolstoy: On the Kuru Field of Justice
- Act 1: Leo Tolstoy: Tolstoy Farm (1910)
- Act 1: Leo Tolstoy: The Vow (1906)
- [applause] / [outro]
- [introduction]
- Act 2: Rabindranath Tagore: Confrontation and Rescue (1896)
- Act 2: Rabindranath Tagore: Indian Opinion (1906)
- Act 2: Rabindranath Tagore: Protest (1908)
- [applause] / [outro]
- [introduction]
- Act 3: Martin Luther King, Jr.: New Castle March (1913): a.
- Act 3: Martin Luther King, Jr.: New Castle March (1913): b.
- Act 3: Martin Luther King, Jr.: New Castle March (1913): c.
- [applause] / [outro]
- Opening
- Knee Play No.4
- Satyagraha
- Dance
- Poet Acts
- Morning Passages
- Something She Has to Do
- I'm Going to Make a Cake
- Unwelcome Friend
- Dead Things
- Why Does Someone Have to Die
- Tearing Herself Away
- Escapei
- Choosing Life
- Hours
- Violin Concerto No. 1: I. quarter note = 104 — quarter note = 120
- Violin Concerto No. 1: II. quarter note = ca. 108
- Violin Concerto No. 1: III. quarter note = ca. 150 — Coda: Poco meno quarter note = 104
- Symphony No. 7 for orchestra and chorus "A Toltec Symphony": I. "The Corn"
- Symphony No. 7 for orchestra and chorus "A Toltec Symphony": II. "The Hikuri (the Sacred Root)"
- Symphony No. 7 for orchestra and chorus "A Toltec Symphony": III. "The Blue Deer"
- Opening
- Metamorphosis: One
- Metamorphosis: Two
- Metamorphosis: Three
- Metamorphosis: Four
- Metamorphosis: Five
- The Poet Acts
- Dead Things
- Modern Love Waltz
- Where Everything Is Music
- The Needle
- Don't Go Back to Sleep
- In the Arc of Your Mallet
- My Worst Habit
- Like This
- Stereogram
- Let the Letter Read You
- Boy Beach and Ball
- The Say That Paradise Will Be Perfect
- The New Rule
- An Artist Comes to Paint You
- Boy on Fire
- Knee 1
- Train 1
- Entrance
- Mr. Bojangles
- All Men Are Equal
- Knee 2
- Dance 1
- Night Train
- Knee 3
- Prematurely - Air-Conditioned Supermarket
- Ensemble
- I Feel the Earth Move
- Dance 2
- Knee 4
- Building
- Cadenza
- Prelude
- Aria
- Spaceship
- Knee 5
- Violin Concerto I: ♩ = 78
- Violin Concerto II: Chaconne: Body Through Which the Dream Flows
- Violin Concerto III: Toccare
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra I: ♩ = 104 / ♩ = 120
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra II: ♩ = ca. 96
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra III: ♩ = ca. 150 / Coda: ♩ = 104
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philip glass: glassworks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Published: 23 Oct 2006
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
piano by branka parlic 5th of july 2005. synagogue, novi sad bit.ly
http://wn.com/philip_glass_glassworks
philip glass: the hours
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Published: 24 Oct 2006
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
piano by branka parlic 5th of july 2005. synagogue, novi sad
http://wn.com/philip_glass_the_hours
philip glass: metamorphosis 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Published: 13 Sep 2006
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
piano by branka parlic 27th of october 2004, sinagogue, novi sad
http://wn.com/philip_glass_metamorphosis_1
Philip Glass - Koyaanisqatsi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Published: 01 Sep 2007
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Philip Glass - Koyaanisqatsi
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Koyaanisqatsi
Philip Glass - Opening (from Glassworks)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:02
- Published: 12 Mar 2008
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Minimalist video I shot from my old apartment overlooking Downtown Los Angeles on a rainy day, set to Philip Glass's Opening to Glassworks.
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Opening_from_Glassworks
Philip Glass Glassworks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:28
- Published: 15 Mar 2009
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
Philip Glass - Glassworks (opening) Philips Glass, one of his best songs, on of THE BEST songs.
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Glassworks
The Hours - Philip Glass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Published: 28 Jul 2009
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Photo Video. Music From The Movie "The Hours" by Philip Glass.
http://wn.com/The_Hours_Philip_Glass
philip glass einstein on the beach
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:38
- Published: 30 Jun 2007
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
this is an excerp from philip glasss einstein on the beach with some pictures that ive added for effect
http://wn.com/philip_glass_einstein_on_the_beach
Philip Glass - 06 - Pruit Igoe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:52
- Published: 26 May 2009
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Note: 'The Grid' is too long for upload. It's over 20minutes and Youtube only allows 15min. Some people obviously don't know the Youtube rules. www.google.com It's not possible to upload a video longer than 15minutes. Back when I uploaded the songs it was only 10min. Koyaanisqatsi Original Soundtrack. Released 1983 by Philip Glass. ALL RIGHTS TO THE OWNER OF THIS SONG
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_06_Pruit_Igoe
Philip Glass Ensemble "Train/Spaceship" part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:59
- Published: 15 Nov 2007
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Philip Glass Ensemble perform "Train/Spaceship" (part 1) live at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London in 1982. From a VHS only release called Four American Composers: Philip Glass by Peter Greenaway. I also want to take this opportunity to plug my band the D. Sticker Ensemble, so go visit our new website www.stickersongs.com and hear samples from our new album "Seasons of Sticker". It's available to purchase on-line.
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Ensemble_Train_Spaceship_part_1
philip glass violin concerto 2nd movement
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Published: 01 Jan 2009
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
sadly underrated master piece by the low key Mr Glass,bridging the worlds of the classical tradition and the avant garde the violin concerto with its constantly shifting minor modes entice the listener to new levels of listening experience.
http://wn.com/philip_glass_violin_concerto_2nd_movement
How to play piano like Philip Glass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:50
- Published: 14 Mar 2009
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
HEAR MY MUSICAL DREAM JOURNAL @ torley.bandcamp.com philip glass piano opera new orchestra symphony music composed concerto work minimal minimalist contemporary serious classical art harmonic rich fundamental ostinato chamber arpeggio style chord progression noah everyday fringe theme koyaanisqatsi solo etude
http://wn.com/How_to_play_piano_like_Philip_Glass
Philip Glass, Freezing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Published: 18 Jul 2007
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Home made video for Freezing by Philip Glass, (Songs from Liquid Days)
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass,_Freezing
Philip Glass - Prophecies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Published: 15 Nov 2008
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
....
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Prophecies
philip glass: metamorphosis 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Published: 13 Sep 2006
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
piano by branka parlic 27th of october 2004, sinagogue, novi sad
http://wn.com/philip_glass_metamorphosis_2
BACH & friends HD Philip Glass & Wendy Sutter- Michael Lawrence Films
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Published: 18 Jun 2010
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
www.mlfilms.com - BACH & friends - A New two-hour Documentary with Joshua Bell, Bobby McFerrin, Béla Fleck, Philip Glass, Chris Thile, Hilary Hahn, Edgar Meyer, Simone Dinnerstein, Emerson String Quartet, Manuel Barrueco, Swingle Singers, Glenn Gould www.mlfilms.com
http://wn.com/BACH_friends_HD_Philip_Glass_Wendy_Sutter_Michael_Lawrence_Films
![The Hours - Philip Glass - Dead Things [Piano Version]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120908040912im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/_fbNZpqlx_c/0.jpg "The Hours - Philip Glass - Dead Things [Piano Version]")
The Hours - Philip Glass - Dead Things [Piano Version]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Published: 20 May 2009
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Music from The Hours Composed by Philip Glass Perfomed by Michael Riesman Song name: Dead Things Directed by Stephen Daldry Written by David Hare Cast: Nicole Kidman ... Virginia Woolf Julianne Moore ... Laura Brown Meryl Streep ... Clarissa Vaughan www.imdb.com
http://wn.com/The_Hours_Philip_Glass_Dead_Things_Piano_Version_
Mishima / Closing - Philip Glass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Published: 23 Nov 2007
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
From a Paul Schrader film Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters. Performed by Kronos Quartet.
http://wn.com/Mishima_Closing_Philip_Glass
opening - philip glass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Published: 29 Jan 2007
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Aaron; forte-piano. More: www.myspace.co Visuals: kkava.com by Kava. (wire frame simulator) My music is experimental / folk influenced by minimalism and baroque/early music. Take a listen: www.myspace.com
http://wn.com/opening_philip_glass
philip glass: metamorphosis 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Published: 14 Sep 2006
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
piano by branka parlic 27th of october 2004, sinagogue, novi sad
http://wn.com/philip_glass_metamorphosis_3
Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts - Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 21 Jan 2009
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
For 18 months award-winning director Scott Hicks followed the legendary composer Philip Glass across three continents, creating a remarkable portrait of one of the greatest artists of all time. www.kochlorberfilms.com
http://wn.com/Glass_A_Portrait_of_Philip_in_Twelve_Parts_Trailer
Philip Glass - Metamorphosis 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Published: 08 Apr 2009
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
....
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Metamorphosis_2
Philip Glass Solo Piano played by Philip Glass 1 Full Hour 10/4/2011 Hidden Valley, Carmel CA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:09
- Published: 15 Sep 2011
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
www.daysandnightsfestival.com This was the closing night, September 4th, 2011 at the Carmel Valley Theatre, Carmel CA. I saw the night before with my parents, with a full ensemble, and decided I needed to come back the next day by myself. Hard to believe Mr. Glass is 74 years old, go Philip. This video is dedicated to the woman I was dating back in 1985 who suggested we drop acid and watch a movie called Koyaanisqatsi. I've never been the same since. I'm still in love with that woman to this day. I strongly urge anyone and everyone to watch Philip Glass' masterpiece Koyaanisqatsi, I saw it performed live by Philip with the movie behind him 10 years ago, it was just as mindblowing then. WARNING - PREPARE TO BE DISTURBED: part 1/8 : www.youtube.com part 2/8 : This is cloudscape with the music of Autechre, just as good in my opinion but original movie, not original music. No version of cloudscape with original music on youtube: www.youtube.com / www.youtube.com part 3/8 : www.youtube.com part 4/8 : www.youtube.com part 5/8 : www.youtube.com / www.youtube.com / www.youtube.com / www.youtube.com part 6/8 : www.youtube.com part 7/8 : www.youtube.com part 8/8 : www.youtube.com The Grid with Autechre music : www.youtube.com The Simpsons watch Koyaanisqatsi : www.youtube.com My new youtube channel is here: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Philip_Glass_Solo_Piano_played_by_Philip_Glass_1_Full_Hour_10_4_2011_Hidden_Valley,_Carmel_CA
Creative Commons / Staib
Photo: Public Domain / ISAF Headquarters Public Affairs Office
05 Sep 2012
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Penn Live
Courtesy...(size: 0.1Kb)
Robert Wilson And Philip Glass' 'Einstein On The Beach' Revival To Tour Internationally (PHOTOS, VIDEO)
20 Aug 2012
Huffington Post
...(size: 5.2Kb)
Philip Glass Remix Album Due in the Fall
09 Aug 2012
The Hollywood Reporter
share Getty Images The influential minimalist composer's work will be reimagined by Beck and others in a two-CD set that will help mark Glass' 75th birthday. The long-gestating Philip Glass remix album is officially official.our editor recommends...(size: 4.6Kb)
Yahoo Music
More details about the upcoming remix album of composer Philip Glass have surfaced, including a tracklist and October 23rd release date, Pitchfork reports. The album – which was reportedly inspired by conversations between Glass and...(size: 1.5Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
My, my, where does the time go. Where, where does it go go, does it go, my time, where does it go? America's minimalists, once bright young things rebelling against the tonal austerity of serialism via rhythmically complex but harmonically gentle loops, are now contemporary music's elder statesmen....(size: 28.7Kb)
Huffington Post
This year marks the 75th birthday of Philip Glass, the greatest composer ever to have inspired a knock-knock joke. As someone who heard Glass speak this spring, I can assure anyone who hasn't glimpsed him during this blitz-y 12 month period that age is just a number. Glass doesn't ever seem to want...(size: 3.6Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
Works by former Police band member Steward Copeland and composer Philip Glass will be part of Long Beach Opera's 2013 season that is scheduled to begin in January. The eclectic lineup, which the company will announce this week, also will feature opera by Gabriela Ortiz, Michael Gordon and Ernest...(size: 29.0Kb)
The Examiner
High profile composer Philip Glass and instrumentalist Joanna Newsom (second cousin, twice removed, of California’s Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom) will perform at the Warfield on Monday, June 25th. The event is part of the Philip Glass' Days and Nights Festival benefiting renovations to the Henry...(size: 6.4Kb)
The Examiner
Philip Glass' "Overture for 2012", which he composed for the 200th anniversary of the War of 1812, had its world premiere in Baltimore and Toronto last night, the eve of the war's bicentennial June 18. In Glass' hometown of Baltimore, the Baltimore Sun reviewer said the overture drew a "rousing...(size: 9.6Kb)
Baltimore Sun
If you blinked (metaphorically speaking), you might have missed "Overture for 2012," the...(size: 0.7Kb)
| Philip Glass | |
|---|---|
 Philip Glass in 1993 |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1937-01-31) January 31, 1937 (age 75) Baltimore, Maryland, United States |
| Genres | Minimalism, Classical, Contemporary classical, Ambient |
| Occupations | Composer |
| Years active | 1956–present |
| Labels | Virgin, CBS Records, Nonesuch/Elektra, Sony Classical/SME Records, Orange Mountain Music |
| Notable instruments | |
| Piano | |
Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer. One of the highest profile composers writing "classical" music today, he is often said to be one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century.[1][2][3] His music is also often controversially described as minimalist, along with the work of the other "major minimalists" La Monte Young, Terry Riley and Steve Reich.[4]
He has lately distanced himself from the "minimalist" label, describing himself instead as a composer of "music with repetitive structures."[5] Though his early mature music shares much with what is normally called "minimalist", he has since evolved stylistically.[6][7] Currently, he describes himself as a "Classicist", pointing out that he is trained in harmony and counterpoint and studied such composers as Franz Schubert, Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with Nadia Boulanger.[8]
Glass is a prolific composer: he has written works for the musical group which he founded, the Philip Glass Ensemble (with which he still performs on keyboards), as well as operas, musical theatre works, ten symphonies, eleven concertos, solo works, chamber music including string quartets and instrumental sonatas, and film scores. Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards.
Glass counts many artists among his friends and collaborators, including visual artists (Richard Serra, Chuck Close), writers (Doris Lessing, David Henry Hwang, Allen Ginsberg), film and theatre directors (including Errol Morris, Robert Wilson, JoAnne Akalaitis, Godfrey Reggio, Paul Schrader, Martin Scorsese, Christopher Hampton, Bernard Rose, and many others), choreographers (Lucinda Childs, Jerome Robbins, Twyla Tharp), and musicians and composers (Ravi Shankar, David Byrne, the conductor Dennis Russell Davies, Foday Musa Suso, Laurie Anderson, Linda Ronstadt, Paul Simon, Joan LaBarbara, Arthur Russell, David Bowie, Brian Eno, Roberto Carnevale, Patti Smith, Aphex Twin, Lisa Bielawa, Andrew Shapiro, John Moran, Bryce Dessner and Nico Muhly). Among recent collaborators are Glass's fellow New Yorker Woody Allen, Stephen Colbert,[9] and poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen.
Life and work[link]
- For a list of works, see List of compositions by Philip Glass
Beginnings, early education and influences (1937–1964)[link]
Glass was born on January 31, 1937, in Baltimore, Maryland,[10][11] the son of Ida (née Gouline) and Benjamin Charles Glass,[12] and the grandson of Jewish immigrants from Lithuania.[13] His father owned a record store, and consequently Glass's record collection consisted to a large extent of unsold records, including modern music (such as Hindemith, Bartók, Schoenberg,[14] Shostakovich) and Western classical music (including Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartets and Schubert's B♭ Piano Trio, which he cites as a "big influence"),[15] at a very early age. He then studied the flute as a child at the Peabody Conservatory of Music and entered an accelerated college program at the University of Chicago at the age of 15, where he studied Mathematics and Philosophy. In Chicago he discovered the serialism of Webern and composed a twelve-tone string trio.[16] In 1954 Glass went to Paris for the first time, encountering the films of Jean Cocteau, which made a lasting impression on him. He visited artists' studios and saw their work; "the bohemian life you see in [Cocteau's] Orphée was the life I ... was attracted to, and those were the people I hung out with."[17]
Glass then went on to the Juilliard School of Music where the keyboard became his main instrument. His composition teachers included Vincent Persichetti and William Bergsma, while fellow students included Steve Reich. During this time, in 1959, he was a winner in the BMI Foundation's BMI Student Composer Awards, one of the most prestigious international prizes for young composers. In the summer of 1960, he studied with Darius Milhaud at the summer school of the Aspen Music Festival and composed a Violin Concerto for a fellow student, Dorothy Pixley-Rothschild.[18] After leaving Juilliard in 1962, Glass moved to Pittsburgh and worked as a school-based composer-in-residence in the public school system, composing various choral, chamber and orchestral music.[19]
Paris (1964–1966)[link]
In 1964, Glass received a Fulbright Scholarship and went to Paris, where he studied with the eminent composition teacher Nadia Boulanger from autumn of 1964 to summer of 1966. Glass's years in Paris as a student made a lasting impression and influenced his work ever since, as the composer admitted in 1979: "The composers I studied with Boulanger are the people I still think about most—Bach and Mozart."[20]
Glass later stated in his autobiography Music by Philip Glass (1987) that the new music performed at Pierre Boulez's Domaine Musical concerts in Paris lacked any excitement for him (with the notable exceptions of music by John Cage and Morton Feldman), but he was deeply impressed by new films and theatre performances. He encountered revolutionary films of the French New Wave, such as those of Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut, which ignored the rules set by an older generation of artists.,[21] and Glass made friends with American visual artists (the sculptor Richard Serra and his wife Nancy Graves),[22] actors and directors (JoAnne Akalaitis, Ruth Maleczech, David Warrilow, and Lee Breuer, with whom Glass later founded the experimental theatre group Mabou Mines). Together with Akalaitis (they married in 1965), Glass in turn attended performances by theatre groups including Jean-Louis Barrault's Odéon theatre, The Living Theatre and the Berliner Ensemble in 1964 to 1965.[23] These significant encounters resulted in a collaboration with Breuer for which Glass contributed music for a 1965 staging of Samuel Beckett's Comédie (Play, 1963). The resulting piece (written for two soprano saxophones) was directly influenced by the play's open-ended, repetitive and almost musical structure and was the first one of a series of four early pieces in a minimalist, yet still dissonant, idiom.[16] After Play, Glass also acted in 1966 as music director of a Breuer production of Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children, featuring the theatre score by Paul Dessau.
In parallel with his early excursions in experimental theatre, Glass worked in winter 1965 and spring 1966 as a music director and composer[24] on a film score (Chappaqua, Conrad Rooks, 1966) with Ravi Shankar and Alla Rakha, which added another important influence on Glass's musical thinking. His distinctive style arose from his work with Shankar and Rakha and their perception of rhythm in Indian music as being entirely additive. He renounced all his compositions in a moderately modern style resembling Milhaud's, Aaron Copland's, and Samuel Barber's, and began writing pieces based on repetitive structures of Indian music and a sense of time influenced by Samuel Beckett: a piece for two actresses and chamber ensemble, a work for chamber ensemble and his first numbered string quartet (No.1, 1966).[25]
Glass then left Paris for northern India in 1966, where he came in contact with Tibetan refugees and began to gravitate towards Buddhism. He met Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, in 1972, and has been a strong supporter of the Tibetan independence ever since.
[edit] Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts (1967–1974)
See also: Minimalist music
Shortly after arriving in New York City in March 1967, Glass attended a performance of works by Steve Reich (including the ground-breaking minimalist piece Piano Phase), which left a deep impression on him; he simplified his style and turned to a radical "consonant vocabulary".[16] Finding little sympathy from traditional performers and performance spaces, Glass eventually formed an ensemble with fellow ex-students Steve Reich, Jon Gibson, and others, and began performing mainly in art galleries and studio lofts of SoHo. The visual artist Richard Serra provided Glass with Gallery contacts, while both collaborated on various sculptures, films and installations; from 1971 to 1974 he became Serra's regular studio assistant.[22][26]
Between summer of 1967 and the end of 1968, Glass composed nine works, including Strung Out (for amplified solo violin, composed in summer of 1967), Gradus (for solo saxophone, 1968), Music in the Shape of a Square (for two flutes, composed in May 1968, an homage to Erik Satie), How Now (for solo piano, 1968) and 1+1 (for amplified tabletop, November 1968) which were "clearly designed to experiment more fully with his new-found minimalist approach".[27] The first concert of Glass's new music was at Jonas Mekas's Film-Makers Cinemathèque (Anthology Film Archives) in September 1968. This concert included the first work of this series with Strung Out (performed by the violinist Pixley-Rothschild) and Music in the Shape of a Square (performed by Glass and Gibson). The musical scores were tacked on the wall, and the performers had to move while playing. Glass's new works met with a very enthusiastic response by the audience which consisted mainly of visual and performance artists who were highly sympathetic to Glass's reductive approach.
Apart from his music career, Glass had a moving company with his cousin, the sculptor Jene Highstein, and worked as a plumber and cab driver (in 1973 to 1978). During this time he made friends with other New York based artists such as Sol LeWitt, Nancy Graves, Michael Snow, Bruce Nauman, Laurie Anderson, and Chuck Close, who created a now famous portrait of Glass.[28] (Glass returned the favour in 2005 with A Musical Portrait of Chuck Close for piano.)
With 1+1 and Two Pages (composed in February 1969) Glass turned to a more "rigorous approach" to his "most basic minimalist technique, additive process",[29] pieces which were followed in the same year by Music in Contrary Motion and Music in Fifths (a kind of homage to his composition teacher Nadia Boulanger, who pointed out "hidden fifths" in his works but regarded them as cardinal sins). Eventually Glass's music grew less austere, becoming more complex and dramatic, with pieces such as Music in Similar Motion (1969), and Music with Changing Parts (1970). These pieces were performed by The Philip Glass Ensemble in the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1969 and in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1970, often encountering hostile reaction from critics,;[16] but Glass's music was also met with enthusiasm from younger artists such as Brian Eno and David Bowie (at the Royal College of Art ca. 1970).[30] Eno described this encounter with Glass's music as one of the "most extraordinary musical experiences of [his] life", as a "viscous bath of pure, thick energy", concluding "this was actually the most detailed music I'd ever heard. It was all intricacy, exotic harmonics".[31] In 1970 Glass returned to the theatre, composing music for the theatre group Mabou Mines, resulting in his first minimalist pieces employing voices: Red Horse Animation and Music for Voices (both 1970, and premiered at the Paula Cooper Gallery).[32]
After differences of opinion with Steve Reich in 1971,[16] Glass formed the Philip Glass Ensemble (while Reich formed Steve Reich and Musicians), an amplified ensemble including keyboards, wind instruments (saxophones, flutes), and soprano voices.
Glass's music for his ensemble culminated in the four-hour-long Music in Twelve Parts (1971–1974), which began as a single piece with twelve instrumental parts but developed into a cycle that summed up Glass's musical achievement since 1967, and even transcended it – the last part features a twelve-tone theme, sung by the soprano voice of the ensemble. "I had broken the rules of modernism and so I thought it was time to break some of my own rules", according to Glass.[33] Though he finds the term minimalist inaccurate to describe his later work, Glass does accept this term for pieces up to and including Music in 12 Parts, excepting this last part which "was the end of minimalism" for Glass. As he pointed out: "I had worked for eight or nine years inventing a system, and now I'd written through it and come out the other end."[33]
Another Look at Harmony: The Portrait Trilogy (1975–1979)[link]
Glass continued his work with a series of instrumental works, called Another Look at Harmony (1975–1977). For Glass this series demonstrated a new start, hence the title: "What I was looking for was a way of combining harmonic progression with the rhythmic structure I had been developing, to produce a new overall structure. (...) I'd taken everything out with my early works and it was now time to decide just what I wanted to put in—a process that would occupy me for several years to come."[33] Parts 1 and 2 of "Another Look at Harmony" were included in a collaboration with Robert Wilson, a piece of musical theater that was later designated by Glass as the first opera of his portrait opera trilogy: Einstein on the Beach. Composed in Spring to Fall of 1975 in close collaboration with Wilson, Glass's first opera was first premiered in summer 1976 at the Festival d'Avignon, and in November of the same year to a mixed and partly enthusiastic reaction from the audience at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Scored for the Philip Glass Ensemble, solo violin, chorus, and featuring actors (reciting texts by Christopher Knowles, Lucinda Childs and Samuel M. Johnson), Glass's and Wilson's essentially plotless opera was conceived as a "metaphorical look at Albert Einstein: scientist, humanist, amateur musician—and the man whose theories (...) led to the splitting of the atom", evoking nuclear holocaust in the climactic scene, as critic Tim Page pointed out.[34] As with Another Look at Harmony, "Einstein added a new functional harmony that set it apart from the early conceptual works".[34] Composer Tom Johnson came to the same conclusion, comparing the solo violin music to Johann Sebastian Bach, and the "organ figures (...) to those Alberti basses Mozart loved so much".[35] The piece was praised by the Washington Post as "one of the seminal artworks of the century."
Einstein on the Beach was followed by further music for projects by the theatre group Mabou Mines such as Dressed like an Egg (1975), and again music for plays and adaptations from prose by Samuel Beckett, such as The Lost Ones (1975), Cascando (1975), Mercier and Camier (1979). Glass also turned to other media; two multi-movement instrumental works for the Philip Glass Ensemble originated as music for film and TV: North Star (1977 for the Documentary "Mark di Suvero, sculptor" by Francois de Menil and Barbara Rose) and four short cues for Jim Henson's TV-series for children, Sesame Street, named Geometry of Circles (1979).
Another series, Fourth Series (1977–79), included music for chorus and organ ("Part One", 1977), organ and piano ("Part Two" and "Part Four", 1979), and music for a radio adaption of Constance DeJong's novel Modern Love ("Part Three", 1978). Part Two and Part Four were used (and hence renamed) in two dance productions by choreographer Lucinda Childs (who had already contributed to and performed in Einstein on the Beach). "Part Two" was included in Dance (a collaboration with visual artist Sol LeWitt, 1979), and "Part Four" was renamed as Mad Rush, and performed by Glass on several occasions such as the first public appearance of the 14th Dalai Lama in New York City in Fall 1981. The piece demonstrates Glass's turn to more traditional models: the composer added a conclusion to an open-structured piece which "can be interpreted as a sign that he [had] abandoned the radical non-narrative, undramatic approaches of his early period", as the pianist Steffen Schleiermacher points out.[36]
In Spring 1978, Glass received a commission from the Netherlands Opera (as well as a Rockefeller Foundation grant) which "marked the end of his need to earn money from non-musical employment."[37] With the commission Glass continued his work in music theater, composing his opera Satyagraha (composed in 1978–1979, premiered in 1980 at Rotterdam), based on the early life of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa, Rabindranath Tagore, and Martin Luther King Jr.. For Satyagraha , Glass worked in close collaboration with two "SoHo friends": the writer Constance deJong, who provided the libretto, and the set designer Robert Israel. This piece was in other ways a turning point for Glass, as it was his first work since 1963 scored for symphony orchestra, even if the most prominent parts were still reserved for solo voices and chorus. Shortly after completing the score in August 1979, Glass met the conductor Dennis Russell Davies, who he helped prepare for performances in Germany (using a piano-four-hands version of the score); together they started to plan another opera, to be premiered at the Stuttgart State Opera.[21]
Completing the Portrait Trilogy: Akhnaten and beyond (1980–1986)[link]
While planning a third part of his "Portrait Trilogy", Glass turned to smaller music theatre projects such as the non-narrative Madrigal Opera (for six voices and violin and viola, 1980), and The Photographer, a biographic study on the photographer Eadweard Muybridge (1982). Glass also continued to write for the orchestra with his most famous film score to date, Koyaanisqatsi (Godfrey Reggio, 1981–1982). Some pieces which were not used in the film (such as Facades) eventually appeared on the album Glassworks (1982, CBS Records), which brought Glass's music to a wider public.
The "Portrait Trilogy" was completed with Akhnaten (1982–1983, premiered in 1984), a vocal and orchestral composition sung in Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew, and Ancient Egyptian. In addition, this opera featured an actor reciting ancient Egyptian texts in the language of the audience. Akhnaten was commissioned by the Stuttgart Opera in a production designed by Achim Freyer. It premiered simultaneously at the Houston Opera in a production directed by David Freeman and designed by Peter Sellars. At the time of the commission, the Stuttgart Opera House was undergoing renovation, necessitating the use of a nearby playhouse with a smaller orchestra pit. Upon learning this, Glass and conductor Dennis Russell Davies visited the playhouse, placing music stands around the pit to determine how many players the pit could accommodate. The two found that they could not fit a full orchestra in the pit. Glass decided to eliminate the violins, which had the effect of "giving the orchestra a low, dark sound that came to characterize the piece and suited the subject very well."[21] As Glass remarked in 1992, Akhnaten is significant in his work since it represents a "first extension out of a triadic harmonic language", an experiment with the polytonality of his teachers Persichetti and Milhaud, a musical technique which Glass compares to "an optical illusion, such as in the paintings of Josef Albers".[38]
Glass again collaborated with Robert Wilson on another opera, the CIVIL warS (1983, premiered in 1984), which also functioned as the final part ("the Rome section) of Wilson's epic work by the same name, originally planned for an "international arts festival that would accompany the Olympic Games in Los Angeles".[39] (Glass also composed a highly prestigious work for chorus and orchestra for the opening of the Games, The Olympian: Lighting of the Torch and Closing ). The premiere of The CIVIL warS in Los Angeles never materialized and the opera was in the end premiered at the Opera of Rome. Glass's and Wilson's opera includes musical settings of Latin texts by the 1st-century-Roman playwright Seneca and allusions to the music of Giuseppe Verdi and from the American Civil War, featuring the 19th century figures Giuseppe Garibaldi and Robert E. Lee as characters.
In the mid-1980s, Glass produced "works in different media at an extraordinarily rapid pace".[40] Projects from that period include music for dance (Dance Pieces, Jerome Robbins, 1983, and In the Upper Room, Twyla Tharp, 1986), and music for theatre productions Endgame (1984), and Company (1983). Beckett vehemently disapproved of the production of Endgame at the American Repertory Theater (Cambridge, Massachusetts), which featured Joanne Akalaitis's direction and Glass's Prelude for timpani and double bass, but in the end, he authorized the music for Company, four short, intimate pieces for string quartet that were played in the intervals of the dramatization. This composition was initially regarded by the composer as a piece of Gebrauchsmusik ('music for use')—"like salt and pepper (...) just something for the table”, as he noted.[41] Eventually Company was published as Glass's String Quartet No.2 and in a version for string orchestra, being performed by ensembles ranging from student orchestras to renowned ones such as the Kronos Quartet and the Kremerata Baltica.
This interest in writing for the string quartet and the string orchestra led to a chamber and orchestral film score for Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (Paul Schrader, 1984–85), which Glass recently described as his "musical turning point" that developed his "technique of film scoring in a very special way".[42]
Glass also dedicated himself to vocal works with two sets of songs, Three Songs for chorus (1984, settings of poems by Leonard Cohen, Octavio Paz and Raymond Levesque), and a song cycle initiated by CBS Masterworks Records: Songs from Liquid Days (1985), with texts by songwriters such as David Byrne, Paul Simon, in which the Kronos Quartet is featured (as it is in Mishima) in a prominent role. Glass also continued his series of operas with adaptations from literary texts such as The Juniper Tree (an opera collaboration with composer Robert Moran, 1984), Edgar Allan Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher (1987), and also worked with novelist Doris Lessing on the opera The Making Of The Representative For Planet 8 (1985–86, and performed by the Houston Grand Opera and English National Opera in 1988).
Operas and the turn to symphonic music (1987–1991)[link]
Compositions such as Company, Facades and String Quartet No.3 (the last two extracted from the scores to Koyaanisqatsi and Mishima) gave way to a series of works more accessible to ensembles such as the string quartet and symphony orchestra, in this returning to the structural roots of his student days. In taking this direction his chamber and orchestral works were also written in a more and more traditional and lyrical style. In these works, Glass often employs old musical forms such as the chaconne and the passacaglia – for instance in Satyagraha,[16] the Violin Concerto No. 1 (1987), Symphony No. 3 (1995), Echorus (1995) and also recent works such as Symphony No. 8 (2005),[43] and Songs and Poems for Solo Cello (2006).
A series of orchestral works that were originally composed for the concert hall commenced with the 3-movement Violin Concerto No. 1 (1987). This work was commissioned by the American Composers Orchestra and written for and in close collaboration with the violinist Paul Zukofsky and the conductor Dennis Russel Davies, who since then has encouraged the composer to write numerous orchestral pieces. The Concerto is dedicated to the memory of Glass's father: "His favorite form was the violin concerto, and so I grew up listening to the Mendelssohn, the Paganini, the Brahms concertos. (...) So when I decided to write a violin concerto, I wanted to write one that my father would have liked."[44] Among its multiple recordings, in 1992, the Concerto was performed and recorded by Gidon Kremer and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. This turn to orchestral music was continued with a symphonic trilogy of "portraits of nature", commissioned by the Cleveland Orchestra, the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra: The Light (1987), The Canyon (1988), and Itaipu (1989).
While composing for symphonic ensembles, Glass also composed music for piano, with the cycle of five movements titled Metamorphosis (adapted from music for a theatrical adaptation of Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis, and for the Errol Morris film The Thin Blue Line, 1988]). In the same year Glass met the poet Allen Ginsberg by chance in a book store in the East Village of New York City, and they immediately "decided on the spot to do something together, reached for one of Allen's books and chose Wichita Vortex Sutra",[45] a piece for reciter and piano which in turn developed into a music theatre piece for singers and ensemble, Hydrogen Jukebox (1990).
Glass also turned to chamber music; he composed two String Quartets (No.4 and No.5, for the Kronos Quartet, 1989 and 1991), and chamber works which originated as incidental music for plays, such as Music from "The Screens" (1989/1990). This work originated in one of many theater music collaborations with the director Joanne Akalaitis, who originally asked the Gambian musician Foday Musa Suso "to do the score [for Jean Genet's "The Screens"] in collaboration with a western composer".[46] Glass had already collaborated with Suso in the film score to Powaqqatsi (Godfrey Reggio, 1986). Music from "The Screens" is on occasion a touring piece for Glass and Suso, and individual pieces found its way to the repertoire of Glass and the cellist Wendy Sutter. Another collaboration was a collaborative recording project with Ravi Shankar, initiated by Peter Baumann (a member of the band Tangerine Dream), which resulted in the album Passages (1990).
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Glass's projects also included two highly prestigious opera commissions, based on the life of two explorers, Christopher Columbus (The Voyage [1990], commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera, with a libretto by David Henry Hwang), and Vasco da Gama (White Raven) [1991], a collaboration with Robert Wilson and composed for the opening of the Expo '98). Especially in The Voyage, the composer "explore[d] new territory", with its "newly arching lyricism", "Sibelian starkness and sweep", and "dark, brooding tone (...) a reflection of its increasingly chromatic (and dissonant) palette", as one commentator put it.[16]
The Cocteau Trilogy and Symphonies (1991–1996)[link]
After these operas, Glass began working on a symphonic cycle, commissioned by the conductor Dennis Russell Davies, who told Glass at the time: "I'm not going to let you . . . be one of those opera composers who never write a symphony".[47] Glass responded with two 3-movement symphonies ("Low" [1992], and Symphony No. 2 [1994]); his first in an ongoing series of symphonies is a combination of the composer's own musical material with themes featured in prominent tracks of the David Bowie/ Brian Eno album Low (1977),[48] whereas Symphony No.2 is described by Glass as a study in polytonality. He referred to the music of Honegger, Milhaud, and Villa-Lobos as possible models for his symphony.[49] With the Concerto Grosso (1992), Symphony No. 3 (1995), a Concerto for Saxophone Quartet and Orchestra (1995), written for the Rascher Quartet (all commissioned by conductor Dennis Russel Davies), and Echorus (1994/95), a more transparent, refined, and intimate chamber-orchestral style paralleled the excursions of his large-scale symphonic pieces. In the four movements of his Third Symphony, Glass treats a 19-piece string orchestra as an extended chamber ensemble. In the third movement, Glass re-uses the chaconne as a formal device; one commentator characterized Glass's symphony as one of the composer's "most tautly unified works"[50][51] The third Symphony was closely followed by a fourth, subtitled Heroes (1996), commissioned the American Composers Orchestra. Its six movements are symphonic reworkings of themes by Glass, David Bowie, and Brian Eno (from their album "Heroes", 1977); as in other works by the composer, it is also a hybrid work and exists in two versions: one for the concert hall, and another, shorter one for dance, choreographed by Twyla Tharp.
Another commission by Dennis Russell Davies was a second series for piano, the Etudes for Piano (dedicated to Davies as well as the production designer Achim Freyer); the complete first set of ten Etudes has been recorded and performed by Glass himself. Bruce Brubaker and Dennis Russell Davies have each recorded the original set of six. Most of the Etudes are composed in the post-minimalist and increasingly lyrical style of the times: "Within the framework of a concise form, Glass explores possible sonorities ranging from typically Baroque passagework to Romantically tinged moods".[52] Some of the pieces also appeared in different versions such as in the theatre music to Robert Wilson's Persephone (1994, commissioned by the Relache Ensemble) or Echorus (a version of Etude No.2 for two violins and string orchestra, written for Edna Mitchell and Yehudi Menuhin 1995).
Glass's prolific output in the 1990s continued to include operas with an opera triptych (1991–1996), which the composer described as an "homage" to writer and film director Jean Cocteau, based on his prose and cinematic work: Orphée (1949), La Belle et la Bête (1946), and the novel Les Enfants Terribles (1929, later made into a film by Cocteau and Jean-Pierre Melville, 1950). In the same way the triptych is also a musical homage to the work of the group of French composers associated with Cocteau, Les Six (and especially to Glass's teacher Darius Milhaud), as well as to various 18th century composers such as Gluck and Bach whose music featured as an essential part of the films by Cocteau.
The inspiration of the first part of the trilogy, Orphée (composed in 1991, and premiered in 1993 at the American Repertory Theatre) can be conceptually and musically traced to Gluck's opera Orfeo ed Euridice (Orphée et Euridyce, 1762/1774),[16] which had a prominent part in Cocteau's 1949 film Orphee.[53] One theme of the opera, the death of Eurydice, has some similarity to the composer's personal life: the opera was composed after the unexpected death in 1991 of Glass's wife, artist Candy Jernigan: "(...) One can only suspect that Orpheus' grief must have resembled the composer's own", K. Robert Schwartz suggests.[16] The opera's "transparency of texture, a subtlety of instrumental color, (...) a newly expressive and unfettered vocal writing"[16] was praised, and The Guardian's critic remarked "Glass has a real affinity for the French text and sets the words eloquently, underpinning them with delicately patterned instrumental textures".[54]
For the second opera, La Belle et la Bête (1994, scored for either the Philip Glass Ensemble or a more conventional chamber orchestra), Glass replaced the soundtrack (including Georges Auric's film music) of Cocteau's film, wrote "a new fully operatic score and synchronize[d] it with the film".[55] The final part of the triptych returned again to a more traditional setting with the "Dance Opera" Les Enfants Terribles (1996), scored for voices, three pianos and dancers, with choreography by Susan Marshall. The characters are depicted by both singers and dancers. The scoring of the opera evokes Bach's Concerto for Four Harpsichords, but in another way also "the snow, which falls relentlessly throughout the opera (...) bearing witness to the unfolding events. Here time stands still. There is only music, and the movement of children through space" (Glass).[56][57]
Symphonies, opera, and concertos (1997–2004)[link]
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Glass's lyrical and romantic styles peaked with numerous projects: operas, theatre and film scores (Martin Scorsese's Kundun, 1997, Godfrey Reggio's Naqoyqatsi, 2002, and Stephen Daldry's The Hours, 2002), a series of five concerti, and three symphonies centered on orchestra-singer and orchestra-chorus interplay. Two symphonies, Symphony No.5 "Choral" (1999) and Symphony No.7 "Toltec" (2004), and the song cycle Songs of Milarepa (1997) are thematically meditative. The operatic Symphony No.6 Plutonian Ode (2002) for soprano and orchestra was commissioned by the Brucknerhaus, Linz, and Carnegie Hall in celebration of Glass's sixty-fifth birthday, and originated as Glass's collaboration with Allen Ginsberg (poet, piano – Ginsberg, Glass), based on his eponymous poem.
Besides writing for the concert hall, Glass continued his ongoing operatic series with adaptions from literary texts: The Marriages of Zones 3, 4 and 5 ([1997] story-libretto by Doris Lessing), In the Penal Colony (2000, after the novella by Franz Kafka), and the chamber opera The Sound of a Voice (2003, with David Henry Hwang), which features the Pipa, performed by Wu Man at its premiere. Glass also collaborated again with the co-author of Einstein on the Beach, Robert Wilson, on Monsters of Grace (1998), and created a biographic opera on the life of astronomer Galileo Galilei (2001).
In the early 2000s, Glass started a series of five concerti with the Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (2000, premiered by Dennis Russell Davies as conductor and soloist), and the Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra (2000, for the timpanist Jonathan Haas). The Concerto for Cello and Orchestra (2001) had its premiere performance in Beijing, featuring cellist Julian Lloyd Webber; it was composed in celebration of his fiftieth birthday.[58] These concertos were followed by the concise and rigorously neo-baroque Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra (2002), demonstrating in its transparent, chamber orchestral textures Glass's classical technique, evocative in the "improvisatory chords" of its beginning a toccata of Froberger or Frescobaldi, and 18th century music.[59] Two years later, the concerti series continued with Piano Concerto No. 2: After Lewis and Clark (2004), composed for the pianist Paul Barnes. The concerto celebrates the pioneers' trek across North America, and the second movement features a duet for piano and Native American flute. With the chamber opera The Sound of a Voice, Glass's Piano Concerto No. 2 might be regarded as bridging his traditional compositions and his more popular excursions to World Music, also found in Orion (also composed in 2004).
[edit] Songs and Poems (2005–2007)
Waiting for the Barbarians, an opera from J. M. Coetzee's novel (with the libretto by Christopher Hampton), had its premiere performance in September 2005. Glass defined the work as a "social/political opera", as a critique on the Bush administration's war in Iraq, a "dialogue about political crisis", and an illustration of the "power of art to turn our attention toward the human dimension of history".[60] While the opera's themes are Imperialism, apartheid, and torture, the composer chose an understated approach by using "very simple means, and the orchestration is very clear and very traditional; it's almost classical in sound", as the conductor D. Russell Davies notes.[61][62]
Two months after the premiere of this opera, in November 2005, Glass's Symphony No.8, commissioned by the Bruckner Orchester Linz, was premiered at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York City. After three symphonies for voices and orchestra, this piece was a return to purely orchestral and abstract composition; like previous works written for the conductor Dennis Russell Davies (the 1992 Concerto Grosso and the 1995 Symphony No.3), it features extended solo writing. Critic Allan Kozinn described the symphony's chromaticism as more extreme, more fluid, and its themes and textures as continually changing, morphing without repetition, and praised the symphony's "unpredictable orchestration", pointing out the "beautiful flute and harp variation in the melancholy second movement".[63] Alex Ross, remarked that "against all odds, this work succeeds in adding something certifiably new to the overstuffed annals of the classical symphony. (...) The musical material is cut from familiar fabric, but it’s striking that the composer forgoes the expected bustling conclusion and instead delves into a mood of deepening twilight and unending night."[64]
The Passion of Ramakrishna (2006), was composed for the Pacific Symphony Orchestra, the Pacific Chorale and the conductor Carl St. Clair. The 45 minutes choral work is based on the writings of Indian Spiritual leader Sri Ramakrishna, which seem "to have genuinely inspired and revived the composer out of his old formulas to write something fresh", as one critic remarked, whereas another noted that "The musical style breaks little new ground for Glass, except for the glorious Handelian ending (...) the "composer’s style ideally fits the devotional text".[65][66]
A Cello Suite, composed for the cellist Wendy Sutter, "Songs and Poems for Solo Cello" (2005–2007), was equally lauded by critics. It was described by Lisa Hirsch as "a major work, (...) a major addition to the cello repertory" and "deeply Romantic in spirit, and at the same time deeply Baroque".[67] Another critic, Anne Midgette of the Washington Post, noted that the suite "maintains an unusual degree of directness and warmth"; she also noted a kinship to a major work by Johann Sebastian Bach: "Digging into the lower registers of the instrument, it takes flight in handfuls of notes, now gentle, now impassioned, variously evoking the minor-mode keening of klezmer music and the interior meditations of Bach's cello suites".[68] Glass himself pointed out that "in many ways it owes more to Schubert than to Bach".[69]
In 2007, Glass also worked alongside Leonard Cohen on an adaptation of Cohen's poetry collection Book of Longing. The work, which premiered in June 2007 in Toronto, is a piece for seven instruments and a vocal quartet, and contains recorded spoken word performances by Cohen and imagery from his collection.
Appomattox, an opera surrounding the events at the end of the American Civil War, was commissioned by the San Francisco Opera and premiered on October 5, 2007. As in Waiting for the Barbarians, Glass collaborated with the writer Christopher Hampton, and as with the preceding opera and Symphony No.8, the piece was conducted by Glass's long-time collaborator Dennis Russell Davies, who noted that "in his recent operas the bass line has taken on an increasing prominence,(...) (an) increasing use of melodic elements in the deep register, in the contrabass, the contrabassoon—he's increasingly using these sounds and these textures can be derived from using these instruments in different combinations. (...) He's definitely developed more skill as an orchestrator, in his ability to conceive melodies and harmonic structures for specific instrumental groups. (...) what he gives them to play is very organic and idiomatic."[62]
Apart from this large-scale opera, Glass added a work to his catalogue of theater music in 2007, and continuing—after a gap of twenty years—to write music for the dramatic work of Samuel Beckett. He provided a "hypnotic" original score for a compilation of Beckett's short plays Act Without Words I, Act Without Words II, Rough for Theatre I and Eh Joe, directed by JoAnne Akalaitis and premiered in December 2007. Glass's work for this production was described by The New York Times as "icy, repetitive music that comes closest to piercing the heart".[70]
Chamber music, concertos and symphonies (2008–present)[link]
2008 to 2010 Glass continued to work on a series of chamber music pieces which started with "Songs and Poems": the Four Movements for Two Pianos (2008, premiered by Dennis Davies and Maki Namekawa in July 2008), a Sonata for Violin and Piano composed in "the Brahms tradition" (completed in 2008, premiered by violinist Maria Bachman and pianist Jon Klibonoff in February 2009); a String sextet (an adaption of the Symphony No.3 of 1995 made by Glass's musical director Michael Riesman) followed in 2009. Pendulum (2010, a one-movement piece for violin and piano), a second Suite of cello pieces for Wendy Sutter (2011), and Partita for solo violin for violinist Tim Fain (2010, first performance of the complete work 2011), are recent entries in the series.[71]
Other works for the theater were a score for Euripides' The Bacchae (2009, directed by JoAnne Akalaitis), and Kepler (2009), yet another operatic biography of a scientist or explorer. The opera is based on the life of 17th century astronomer Johannes Kepler, against the background of the Thirty Years' War, with a libretto compiled from Kepler's texts and poems by his contemporary Andreas Gryphius. It is Glass's first opera in German, and was premiered by the Bruckner Orchester Linz and Dennis Russell Davies in September 2009. LA Times critic Mark Swed and others described the work as "oratorio-like"; Swed pointed out that the work is Glass's "most chromatic, complex, psychological score" and that the "The orchestra dominates (...) I was struck by the muted, glowing colors, the character of many orchestral solos and the poignant emphasis on bass instruments".[72]
In 2009 and 2010, Glass returned to the concerto genre. Violin Concerto No. 2 in four movements was commissioned by violinist Robert McDuffie, and subtitled "The American Four Seasons" (2009), as an homage to Vivaldi's set of concertos "Le quattro stagioni". It premiered in December 2009 by the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, and was subsequently performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra in April 2010.[73] The Double Concerto for Violin and Cello and Orchestra (2010) was composed for soloists Maria Bachmann and Wendy Sutter and also as a ballet score for the Nederlands Dans Theater.[74][75] Other orchestral projects of 2010 are short orchestral scores for films; to a multimedia presentation based on the novel Icarus at the Edge of Time by theoretical physicist Brian Greene, which premiered on June 6, 2010, and the score for the Brazilian film Nosso Lar (released in Brazil on September 3, 2010). Glass also donated a short work, Brazil, to the video game Chime, which was released on February 3, 2010.
In January 2011, Glass performed at the MONA FOMA festival in Hobart, Tasmania. The festival promotes a broad range of art forms, including experimental sound, noise, dance, theatre, visual art, performance and new media.[76]
In August 2011, Glass presented a series of music, dance, and theater performances as part of the Days and Nights Festival.[77] Along with the Philip Glass Ensemble, scheduled performers include Molissa Fenley and Dancers, John Moran with Saori Tsukada, as well as a screening of Dracula with Glass's score.[78] Glass hopes to present this festival annually, with a focus on art, science, and conservation.[79]
Glass's recently completed and projected works include Symphony No.9 (2010–2011), Symphony No.10 (2011), Cello Concerto No.2 (2012, based on the film score to Naqoyqatsi), Symphony No.11, String Quartet No.6, and the operas The Lost (2011–2012)[80] and The Perfect American (2011).[81] Glass's Ninth Symphony was co-commissioned by the Bruckner Orchester Linz, the American Composers Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. The symphony's first performance took place on January 1, 2012 at the Brucknerhaus in Linz, Austria (Dennis Russell Davies conducting the Bruckner Orchester Linz); the American premiere was on January 31, 2012 (Glass's 75th birthday), at Carnegie Hall (Dennis Russell Davies conducting the American Composers Orchestra), and the West Coast premiere with the Los Angeles Philharmonic under the baton of John Adams on April 5.[82] [83][84][85][86] The Lost is based on a play by Austrian playwright and novelist Peter Handke, Die Spuren der Verirrten (2006). It will be premiered in 2013 in Linz (Austria), conducted by Dennis Russell Davies and directed by David Pountney, who pointed out that the English translation of the original German title means "traces of those who lost their way": "[So] not knowing where you are going, let alone where you came from, seems to be a pre-condition. It is also, perhaps, the way we are? Philip’s music is perfect for this kind of abstraction".[87] The Perfect American was composed in 2011 to a commission from Teatro Real Madrid.[88] The libretto is based on a book of the same name by Peter Stephan Jungk and covers the final months of the life of Walt Disney.[81] The world premiere is scheduled for Teatro Real Madrid on 22 January 2013 with British baritone Christopher Purves taking the role of Disney.[81] The UK premiere is scheduled for the English National Opera at the London Coliseum later in 2013.[89]
On December 1, 2011 Glass, together with Lou Reed and Laurie Anderson, joined the Occupy Wall Street protests at the Lincoln Center, reciting from the libretto of his opera Satyagraha (1978–79), which had the final performance on the same evening.[90] A Website dedicated to Occupy Wall Street points out that "it is no doubt timely that Philip Glass's opera 'Satyagraha'—which depicts Gandhi's early struggle against colonial oppression in India—should be revived by the Metropolitan Opera in 2011, a year which has seen popular revolutions in North Africa, mass uprisings in Europe, and the emergence of Occupy Wall Street protests in the United States. (...) we see a glaring contradiction in ‘Satyagraha’ being performed at the Lincoln Center where in recent weeks protestors from Occupy Wall Street have been arrested and forcibly removed for exercising their First Amendment rights to peaceful public assembly."[91] And as the composer states: "Unfortunately, there's always a good time to do this opera. It's just the way it is. But never has it been so close at hand (...) My position is that this is free speech and free assembly. (...) And what these people do by acting in this way, they bring back to us the importance of our basic freedoms."[92]
Influences and connections[link]
Aside from composing in the Western classical tradition, his music has ties to rock, ambient music, electronic music, and world music. Early admirers of his minimalism include musicians Brian Eno and David Bowie.[93] In the 1990s, Glass composed the aforementioned symphonies Low (1992) and Heroes (1996), thematically derived from the Bowie-Eno collaboration albums Low and "Heroes" (composed in late 1970s Berlin).
Glass has collaborated with recording artists such as Paul Simon, Suzanne Vega,[94] Mick Jagger,[95] Leonard Cohen, David Byrne, Uakti, Natalie Merchant,[96] and Aphex Twin (yielding an orchestration of Icct Hedral in 1995 on the Donkey Rhubarb EP). Glass's compositional influence extends to musicians such as Mike Oldfield (who included parts from Glass's North Star in Platinum), and bands such as Tangerine Dream and Talking Heads. Glass and his sound designer Kurt Munkacsi produced the American post-punk/new wave band Polyrock (1978 to the mid-1980s), as well as the recording of John Moran's The Manson Family (An Opera) in 1991, which featured punk legend Iggy Pop, and a second (unreleased) recording of Moran's work featuring poet Allen Ginsberg.
In 1970, Glass and Klaus Kertess (owner of the Bykert Gallery) formed a record label named Chatham Square Productions (named after the location of the studio of a Philip Glass Ensemble member Dick Landry).[21] In 1993 Glass formed another record label, Point Music; in 1997, Point Music released Music for Airports, a live, instrumental version of Eno's composition of the same name, by Bang on a Can All-Stars. In 2002, Glass and his producer Kurt Munkacsi and artist Don Christensen founded the Orange Mountain Music company, dedicated to "establishing the recording legacy of Philip Glass" and, to date, have released sixty albums of Glass's music.
Music for film[link]
Glass has composed many film scores, starting with the orchestral score for Koyaanisqatsi (1982), and continuing with two biopics, Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985, resulting in the String Quartet No.3) and Kundun (1997) about the Dalai Lama, for which he received his first Academy Award nomination.
The year after scoring Hamburger Hill (1987), Glass began a collaboration with the filmmaker Errol Morris with his music for Morris's celebrated documentary The Thin Blue Line. He continued composing for the Qatsi trilogy with the scores for Powaqqatsi (1988) and Naqoyqatsi (2002). In 1995 he composed the theme for Reggio's short independent film Evidence. He even made a cameo appearance in Peter Weir's The Truman Show (1998), which uses music from Powaqqatsi, Anima Mundi and Mishima, as well as three original tracks by Glass (who is actually briefly visible performing at the piano in the film itself). In the 1990s, he also composed scores for Bent' (1997) and the thriller Candyman (1992) and its sequel, Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh (1995), plus a film adaptation of Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent (1996).
In 1999, he finished a new soundtrack for the 1931 film Dracula. The Hours (2002) earned him a second Academy Award nomination, and was followed by another Morris documentary, The Fog of War (2003). In the mid-2000s Glass provided the scores to films such as Secret Window (2004), Neverwas (2005), The Illusionist and Notes on a Scandal, garnering his third Academy Award nomination for the latter. Glass's most recent film scores include No Reservations (Glass makes a brief cameo in the film sitting at an outdoor cafe), Cassandra's Dream (2007), Les Regrets (2009), Mr Nice (2010) and the Brazilian film Nosso Lar (2010). In 2009 Glass composed original theme music for Transcendent Man about the life and ideas of Ray Kurzweil by filmmaker Barry Ptolemy.
In the 2000s Glass's work from the 1980s again became known to wider public through various media. In 2005 his Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (1987) was featured in the surreal French thriller, La Moustache, providing a tone intentionally incongruous to the banality of the movie's plot.[97] Metamorphosis for Piano (1988) was featured in the reimagined Battlestar Galactica in the episode "Valley of Darkness", and in 2008, Rockstar Games released Grand Theft Auto IV featuring Glass's "Pruit Igoe" (from Koyaanisqatsi). "Pruit Igoe" and "Prophecies" (also from Koyaanisqatsi) were used both in a trailer for Watchmen and in the film itself. Watchmen also included two other Glass pieces in the score: "Something She Has To Do" (from The Hours) and "Protest (Act II Scene 3)" (from Satyagraha).
In 2011, it was confirmed that Glass is scoring for South Korean director Park Chan-wook's Hollywood debut film Stoker.[98]
Personal life[link]
Glass describes himself as "a Jewish-Taoist-Hindu-Toltec-Buddhist",[14] and he is a supporter of Tibetan independence. In 1987 he co-founded the Tibet House with Columbia University professor Robert Thurman and the actor Richard Gere. Glass is a vegetarian.[99]
Glass has four children and one granddaughter. Juliet (b. 1968) and Zachary (b. 1971) are his children from his first marriage, to theater director JoAnne Akalaitis (married 1965, divorced 1980). Granddaughter Zuri (b.1989) is Zachary's daughter. His second marriage to Luba Burtyk was dissolved. His third wife, the artist Candy Jernigan, died of liver cancer in 1991, aged 39. Marlowe and Cameron are Glass's sons with his fourth wife, Holly Critchlow (from whom Glass is divorced). Glass lives in New York and in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He has been romantically involved with cellist Wendy Sutter since 2005.[100]
Glass is the first cousin once removed of Ira Glass, host of the nationally syndicated radio show This American Life. Ira interviewed Glass onstage at Chicago's Field Museum; this interview was broadcast on NPR's Fresh Air. Ira interviewed Glass a second time at a fundraiser for St. Ann's Warehouse; this interview was given away to public radio listeners as a pledge drive thank you gift in 2010. Ira and Glass recorded a version of the composition Glass wrote to accompany his friend Allen Ginsberg's poem "Wichita Vortex Sutra." Glass's cousin is Ira Glass's father.[101]
According to an interview, Franz Schubert is Glass's favorite composer.[102]
Films about Philip Glass[link]
- 1976–Music With Roots in the Aether: Opera for Television. Tape 2: Philip Glass. Produced and directed by Robert Ashley.
- 1983–Philip Glass. From Four American Composers. Directed by Peter Greenaway.
- 1985–A Composer's Notes: Philip Glass and the Making of an Opera. Directed by Michael Blackwood.
- 1986–Einstein on the Beach: The Changing Image of Opera. Directed by Mark Obenhaus.
- 2005–Looking Glass. Directed by Éric Darmon.
- 2007–glass: a portrait of Philip in twelve parts. Directed by Scott Hicks.
Awards and nominations[link]
Golden Globe Awards[link]
BAFTA Awards[link]Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music
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Academy Awards[link]
Other[link]
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References[link]
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- ^ "The Most Influential People in Classical and Dance", New York Magazine, May 8, 2006, http://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16903/, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ O'Mahony, John (November 24, 2001), "The Guardian Profile: Philip Glass", The Guardian (London), http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4306156,00.html, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ Richardson, John (1999), Singing Archaelogy. Philip Glass's Akhnaten, University Press of New England, p.21
- ^ "Biography", PhilipGlass.com, http://www.philipglass.com/bio.php, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ Smith, Ethan, "Is Glass Half Empty?", New York Magazine, http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/music/pop/reviews/485/, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ Smith, Steve (September 23, 2007), "If Grant Had Been Singing at Appomattox", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/arts/music/23smit.html
- ^ McKoen, Belinda (June 28, 2008), "The Sound of Glass", Irish Times, http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2008/0628/1214567621837.html, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ "Episode 6006 (1/12/2010)", NoFactZone.net, January 13, 2010, http://www.nofactzone.net/2010/01/13/episode-6006-1122010/, retrieved May 24, 2010
- ^ Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007), directed by Scott Hicks.
- ^ Contemporary Authors. New Revision Series. Vol. 131 (Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2005):169–180.
- ^ "Philip Glass Biography (1937–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/57/Philip-Glass.html. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Joe Staines (May 17, 2010). The Rough Guide to Classical Music. Penguin. pp. 209. ISBN 978-1-4053-8321-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=g1ga2hNiiAgC&pg=PA209. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ^ a b Gordinier, Jeff (March 2008), "Wiseguy: Philip Glass Uncut", Details, http://men.style.com/details/features/full?id=content_6420, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ "Philip Glass on making music with no frills", The Independent (London), June 29, 2007, http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/interview-philip-glass-on-making-music-with-no-frills-455067.html, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Schwarz, K. Robert (1996), Minimalists, London: Phaidon Press, ISBN 0-7148-3381-9
- ^ Jonathan Cott, Conversation Philip Glass on La Belle et la Bête, booklet notes to the recording La Belle et la Bête^, Nonesuch 1995
- ^ Grimes, Ev (1989), "Interview: Education", in Kostelanetz, Richard, Writings on Glass, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 25, ISBN 0-520-21491-9
- ^ Potter, Keith (2000), Four Musical Minimalists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p.253
- ^ Kostelanetz, Richard (1989), "Philip Glass", in Kostelanetz, Richard, Writings on Glass, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 109, ISBN 0-520-21491-9
- ^ a b c d Glass, Philip (1985), Music by Philip Glass, New York: DaCapo Press, p. 14, ISBN 0-06-015823-9
- ^ a b Potter, pp. 266–269
- ^ Keith Potter, p.255
- ^ Potter, pp. 257–258
- ^ La Barbara, Joan (1989), "Philip Glass and Steve Reich: Two from the Steady State School", in Kostelanetz, Richard, Writings on Glass, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, pp. 40–1, ISBN 0-520-21491-9
- ^ Richard Serra, Writings Interviews, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994, p.7
- ^ Potter, p.277
- ^ Glass in conversation with Chuck Close and William Bartman, in, Joanne Kesten (ed.), The Portraits Speak: Chuck Close in conversation with 27 of his subjects, A.R.T. Press, New York, 1997, p. 170
- ^ Potter, p.252
- ^ Potter, p. 340
- ^ Tim Page, booklet notes to the album "Einstein on the Beach", Nonesuch 1993
- ^ Booklet notes to the recording Early Voice, Orange Mountain Music, 2002
- ^ a b c Page, Tim (1989), "Music in 12 Parts", in Kostelanetz, Richard, Writings on Glass, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 98, ISBN 0-520-21491-9
- ^ a b Tim Page, liner notes to the recording of "Einstein on the Beach, Nonesuch Records 1993
- ^ Kostelanetz, Richard (1989), "Philip Glass", in Kostelanetz, Richard, Writings on Glass, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 58, ISBN 0-520-21491-9
- ^ Steffen Schleiermacher, booklet notes to his recording of Glass's "Early Keyboard Music", MDG Records, 2001
- ^ Potter, p.260
- ^ Kostelanetz, Richard (1989), "Philip Glass", in Kostelanetz, Richard, Writings on Glass, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 269, ISBN 0-520-21491-9
- ^ David Wright, booklet notes to the first recording of the opera, released on Nonesuch Records, 1999
- ^ Schwarz, p. 151
- ^ Seabrook, John (March 20, 2006), "Glass's Master Class", The New Yorker, http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/03/20/060320ta_talk_seabrook, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ Greta Stetson, Philip Glass wishes he had time to take a four-hour hike, http://watchnewspapers.com/printer_friendly/2919214
- ^ Philip Glass, booklet notes to the Album Symphony No. 8, Orange Mountain Music, 2006
- ^ Johnson, Lawrence A. (February 9, 2008), "Singers Distinguish Themselves for Visitor", Miami Herald, http://www.miamiherald.com/tropical_life/story/402887.html, retrieved November 11, 2008 [dead link]
- ^ Booklet notes by Jody Dalton to the album Solo Piano', CBS, 1989
- ^ Booklet notes by Philip Glass to the album "Music from the Screens", Point Music, 1993
- ^ Robin Maycock, Glass. A Portrait, Sanctuary 2002, p.71
- ^ Booklet notes by Philip Glass to the album Low Symphony', Point Music, 1993
- ^ Booklet notes by Philip Glass to the album Symphony No.2, Nonesuch, 1998
- ^ Booklet notes by Philip Glass to the album "Symphony No.3, Nonesuch, 2000
- ^ Robert Maycock, Glass. A Portrait, Sanctuary Press 2002, p.90
- ^ Booklet notes by Oliver Binder to "American Piano music", Initativkreis Ruhr/Orange Mountain Music 2009
- ^ Paul Barnes in his booklet notes to the album "The Orphée Suite for Piano, Orange Mountain Music, 2003
- ^ Clements, Andrew (June 2, 2005), "Orphée", The Guardian (London), http://music.guardian.co.uk/classical/andrewclements/story/0,,1918357,00.html, retrieved November 11, 2008
- ^ Jonathan Cott, A Conversation with Philip Glass, included in the booklet to the recording La Belle et la Bête, Nonesuch 1995
- ^ Zwiebach, Michael (October 7, 2006), "Arrested Development", San Francisco Classical Voice, http://www.sfcv.org/arts_revs/lesenfants_10_10_06.php, retrieved November 11, 2008
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- ^ "Concerto for Cello and Orchestra on ChesterNovello website". Chesternovello.com. May 31, 2005. http://www.chesternovello.com/Default.aspx?TabId=2432&State_3041=2&workId_3041=12581. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Jillon Stoppels Dupree, Liner Notes to the album Concerto Project Vol.II, Orange Mountain, 2006
- ^ Philip Glass, notes to the premiere recording of "Waiting for the Barbarians, Orange Mountain Music 2008
- ^ "Entertainment | Philip Glass opera gets ovation". BBC News. September 12, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4236740.stm. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ a b Scheinin, Richard (October 7, 2007), "Philip Glass's 'Appomattox' Unremitting, Unforgiving", Mercury News
- ^ Allan Kozinn, "A First Hearing for a Glass Symphony," New York Times, November 4, 2005
- ^ Ross, Alex (November 5, 2007), "The Endless Scroll", The New Yorker, http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/musical/2007/11/05/071105crmu_music_ross, retrieved November 11, 2008
- ^ Timothy Mangan, "A stellar premiere", Orange County Register, September 18, 2006
- ^ Mark Swed, "Taking a sounding of the Segerstrom", Los Angeles Times, September 18, 2006
- ^ Hirsch, Lisa (September 28, 2007), "Chambered Glass", San Francisco Classical Voice, archived from the original on June 16, 2008, http://web.archive.org/web/20080616141808/http://www.sfcv.org/2007/10/02/through-a-glass-brightly/, retrieved November 11, 2008
- ^ Midgette, Anne (March 9, 2008), "New CDs From Musicians Who Play the Field", The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/07/AR2008030700957_2.html, retrieved November 11, 2008
- ^ Nico Muhly, "There will be people who are horrified by these ideas", The Guardian, May 22, 2009
- ^ Brantley, Ben (December 19, 2007), "'BECKETT SHORTS'; When a Universe Reels, A Baryshnikov May Fall", New York Times, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E5D8133DF93AA25751C1A9619C8B63, retrieved November 11, 2008
- ^ Corrina da Fonseca-Wollheim,"Where Music Meets Science", The Wall Street Journal, November 24, 2009
- ^ "Culture Monster". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2009/11/philip-glass-kepler-has-us-premiere-at-bam.html.
- ^ NVisage <http://www.nvisage.co.uk> (April 17, 2010). "London Philharmonic Orchestra April 17, 2010". Shop.lpo.org.uk. http://shop.lpo.org.uk/performances/detail.asp?3829,63,0,0,0. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Linda Matchan, "Glass's music keeps films moving", The Boston Globe, January 11, 2009
- ^ "Maria Bachmann Schedule". Mariabachmann.com. http://www.mariabachmann.com/schedule.html. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Interviews from Tasmania 22SQ and Philip Glass (January 21, 2011). "Glass Notes: ''Interviews From Tasmania''". Philipglass.typepad.com. http://philipglass.typepad.com/glass_notes/2011/01/interviews-from-tazmania.html. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ La Rocco, Claudia (May 5, 2011). "Dance". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/arts/dance/dance.html?_r=1.
- ^ "Culture Monster". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/02/philip-glass-carmel-festival.html?cid=6a00d8341c630a53ef014e5f7f110a970c.
- ^ "Philip Glass talks about his Carmel Valley festival this summer and hoped-for Big Sur center – San Jose Mercury News". Mercurynews.com. http://www.mercurynews.com/richard-scheinin/ci_17934643?nclick_check=1. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ "Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra". Cincinnatisymphony.org. http://cincinnatisymphony.org/Content.php?id=78. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Philip Glass' 'The Perfect American' to Open in Madrid". HuffingtonPost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/10/philip-glass-the-perfect-american_n_1268629.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ "American Composers Orchestra – Tuesday, January 31, 2012". Carnegie Hall. http://www.carnegiehall.org/article/box_office/events/evt_15302.html?selecteddate=01312012. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Purvis, Bronwyn (January 21, 2011). "Music is a place; Philip Glass in Hobart – ABC Hobart – Australian Broadcasting Corporation". Australia: ABC. http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/01/21/3118463.htm. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Kevin Smith, Glass’s Players Warm Up for a Festival in August, New York Times, June 13, 2011
- ^ Ayala, Ted (April 9, 2012). "LAPO and John Adams perform West coast premiere of Philip Glass’ Symphony No. 9". Bachtrack. http://www.bachtrack.com/review-philip-glass-symphony-9-los-angeles-philharmonic. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
- ^ "Philip Glass 'Symphony No. 9' at PhilipGlass.com". PhilipGlass.com. http://www.philipglass.com/music/compositions/Symphony9.php. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ David Pountney's Blog, May 31, 2011, http://davidwno.posterous.com/crash-course
- ^ "Philip Glass 'The Perfect American' at Chester Novello Music". ChesterNovello.com. http://www.chesternovello.com/default.aspx?TabId=2432&State_3041=2&workId_3041=45084. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ "Philip Glass Disney opera to get UK premiere at ENO". BBC.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17831165. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ Alex Ross, The New Yorker, December 2, 2011, http://www.therestisnoise.com/2011/12/the-satyagraha-protest.html
- ^ "Phillip Glass Joins OWS in Protest at Lincoln Center". OccupyWallSt.org. March 2, 1930. http://occupywallst.org/article/occupy-museums-goes-lincoln-center/. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ "Glass Notes: The Kuru Field of Justice, Located Right Downtown at Wall Street". Philipglass.typepad.com. November 17, 2011. http://philipglass.typepad.com/glass_notes/2011/11/the-kuru-field-of-justice-located-right-downtown-at-wall-street.html. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ^ Tim Page, Liner Notes to the album "Music with Changing Parts, Nonesuch Music, 1994
- ^ "Music: Ignorant Sky". Philip Glass. http://www.philipglass.com/music/compositions/ignorant_sky.php. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ "Music: Film: Bent". Philip Glass. http://www.philipglass.com/music/films/bent.php. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ "Music: Planctus". Philip Glass. February 17, 1997. http://www.philipglass.com/music/compositions/planctus.php. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ "The Moustache: Movie Review". Highbeam.com. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-133015548.html. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Philip Glass at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ O'Mahony, John (November 24, 2001). "When less means more". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/nov/24/arts.highereducation1. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
- ^ Q&A With Philip Glass and his girlfriend Wendy Sutter – New York (magazine), published 2008–02–10. Retrieved 2010–05–08.
- ^ Solomon, Deborah (March 4, 2007), "This American TV Show", New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/04/magazine/04WWLNQ4.t.html, retrieved November 10, 2008
- ^ Skipworth, Mark (January 31, 2011). "Philip Glass shows no signs of easing up". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/hay-festival/8291801/Philip-Glass-shows-no-signs-of-easing-up.html.
- ^ "NEA Chairman Rocco Landesman Announces Recipients of the 2010 NEA Opera Honors". June 24, 2010. http://www.arts.gov/honors/opera/media/2010-opera-honorees.html.
Further reading[link]
- William Duckworth (1995, 1999). Talking Music: Conversations With John Cage, Philip Glass, Laurie Anderson, and Five Generations of American Experimental Composers. New York, New York: Da Capo Press.
- Philip Glass, Robert T. Jones (ed.) (1987, 1995). Music by Philip Glass. New York, New York: DaCapo Press.
- Richard Kostelanetz (ed.) (1997). Writings on Glass. Essays, Interviews, Criticism. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
- Robert Maycock (2002). Glass: A Biography of Philip Glass. Sanctuary Publishing.
- Potter, Keith (2000). Four Musical Minimalists: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Music in the Twentieth Century series. Cambridge, UK; New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- John Richardson (1999). Singing Archaeology: Philip Glass's "Akhnaten". Wesleyan University Press.
- K. Robert Schwarz (1996). Minimalists. 20th-Century Composers Series. London: Phaidon Press.
- Bartman, William and Kesten, Joanne (editors). The Portraits Speak: Chuck Close in Conversation with 27 of his subjects, New York: A.R.T. Press, 1997
- Knowlson, James (2004). Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett, New York: Grove Press.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Philip Glass |
- Official website
- Philip Glass at Allmusic
- Philip Glass at the Internet Movie Database
- Philip Glass discography at MusicBrainz
- Philip Glass at the Open Directory Project
- Philip Glass Q&A
- NewMusicBox cover: Philip Glass (includes video)
- Art of the States: Philip Glass Piece in the Shape of a Square (1967)
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Glass, Philip |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American composer |
| Date of birth | January 31, 1937 |
| Place of birth | Baltimore, Maryland, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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5:50
BACH & friends HD Philip Glass & Wendy Sutter- Michael Lawrence Films
mlfilms
BACH & friends HD Philip Glass & Wendy Sutter- Michael Lawrence Films
www.mlfilms.com - BACH & friends - A New two-hour Documentary with Joshua Bell, Bobby McFerrin, Béla Fleck, Philip Glass, Chris Thile, Hilary Hahn, Edgar Meyer, Simone Dinnerstein, Emerson String Quartet, Manuel Barrueco, Swingle Singers, Glenn Gould www.mlfilms.com
4:24
The Hours - Philip Glass - Dead Things [Piano Version]
cocoatoast
The Hours - Philip Glass - Dead Things [Piano Version]
Music from The Hours Composed by Philip Glass Perfomed by Michael Riesman Song name: Dead Things Directed by Stephen Daldry Written by David Hare Cast: Nicole Kidman ... Virginia Woolf Julianne Moore ... Laura Brown Meryl Streep ... Clarissa Vaughan www.imdb.com
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