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Stand-up comedy is a comedic style. Usually, a comedian performs in front of a live audience, speaking directly to them. The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up. Their performances are sometimes filmed for later release via DVD, the internet, and television.

George Carlin performing his stand-up comedy

Overview[link]

In stand-up comedy the comedian usually recites a fast-paced succession of humorous stories, short jokes called "bits", and one-liners, which constitute what is typically called a monologue, routine or act. Some stand-up comedians use props, music or magic tricks to enhance their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars, neo-burlesques, colleges and theaters, but there are no real restrictions on where the craft can be performed. Stand-up comedy is also performed by professional comedians outside of traditional entertainment venues, such as in country clubs, at corporate events and conferences, as charity fundraising events, even in temples and churches.

Many smaller venues hold "open mic" events, where anyone can take the stage and perform for the audience, offering a way for amateur performers to hone their craft and possibly break into the profession.

Stand-up is an art form that is openly devoted to getting immediate laughs from an audience above all else, unlike theatrical comedy which creates comedy within the structure of a play with amusing characters and situations. In stand-up comedy, feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedian's act. Audiences expect a stand-up comic to provide a steady stream of laughs, and a performer is always under great pressure to deliver. This pressure can be thrilling, but also threatening. Comedic actor Will Ferrell has called stand-up comedy "hard, lonely, and vicious".^[1]

If the performer cannot coax laughs out of the audience, the bored crowd may harass the comedian, a practice known as heckling. One hallmark of a master stand-up comedian is the ability not only to face down and silence a heckler, but to win over and entertain the rest of the crowd with a witty retort. An adept stand-up comedian will nimbly play off the mood and tastes of any particular audience, and adjust his or her routine accordingly. Heckling is viewed differently in different cultures. For example in Britain, heckling is considered to be a normal part of the stand-up experience, and is in fact actively encouraged by comedians such as Jimmy Carr.

The skills attributed to stand-up are diverse, as the stand-up comic often acts as writer, editor, performer, promoter, producer and technician for the act. Many stand-up comedians work for years to develop 45 minutes of material, and usually perform their bits repeatedly, slowly perfecting them over time.

Despite the name, stand-up comedians do not always stand up. Some will sit on a stool; Martin Mull has sometimes used an easy chair. The term "sit-down comic" is usually pejorative in nature.

While a stand-up comedy show may involve only one comedian, most shows feature a "headline" format, or a "showcase" format. A headline format typically features an opening act known as a host or master of ceremonies (MC) who usually warms up the crowd, makes announcements, and introduces the other performers. This is followed by one or two "middle" acts (sometimes called "featured" acts), who perform shorter 15-20 minute sets, followed by a headliner who performs for over 45 minutes (a period mandated by most headline clubs).

The "showcase" format consists of several acts who perform for roughly equal lengths of time, typical in smaller clubs such as the Comedy Cellar, or Jongleurs, or at large events where the billing of several names allows for a larger venue than the individual comedians could draw. A showcase format may still feature an MC.

United Kingdom history[link]

The United Kingdom has a long heritage of stand-up comedy, which began in the music halls of the 18th and 19th centuries. Notable performers who rose through the twentieth century music hall circuit were Morecambe and Wise, Arthur Askey, Ken Dodd and Max Miller, who was considered to be the quintessential music-hall comedian. The heavy censorship regime of the Lord Chamberlain's Office required all comedians to submit their acts for censorship. The act would be returned with unacceptable sections underlined in blue pencil (possibly giving rise to the term "blue" for a comedian whose act is considered bawdy or smutty). The comedian was then obliged not to deviate from the act in its edited form.^[2]

At the end of World War II, many members of the Armed Forces had developed a taste for comedy (stand-up or otherwise) in wartime concert parties and moved into professional entertainment. Eric Sykes, Peter Sellers and the other Goons, and Tommy Cooper all began their careers this way. The rise of the postwar comedians coincided with the rise of television and radio, and the traditional music hall circuit suffered greatly as a result. Whereas a music hall performer could work for years using just one act, television exposure created a constant demand for new material, although this may have also been responsible for the cessation of theatrical censorship in 1968.

By the 1970s, music hall entertainment was virtually dead. Alternative circuits had evolved, such as Working Men's Clubs.^[2] Some of the more successful comedians on the Working Men's Club circuit - including Bernard Manning, Bobby Thompson, Frank Carson and Stan Boardman - eventually made their way to television via such shows as The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club. The "alternative" comedy scene also began to evolve. Some of the earliest successes came from folk clubs, where performers such as Billy Connolly, Mike Harding and Jasper Carrott started as relatively straight musical acts whose between-song banter developed into complete comedy routines. The 1960s had also seen the satire boom, including the creation of the club, The Establishment, which, amongst other things, gave British audiences their first taste of extreme American stand-up comedy from Lenny Bruce.^[3] Victoria Wood launched her stand-up career in the early 1980s, which saw observational conversation mixed with comedy songs. Wood was to become one of the country's most successful comedians, in 2001 selling out the Royal Albert Hall for 15 nights in a row.

In 1979, the first American-style stand-up comedy club, the Comedy Store, London was opened in London by Peter Rosengard, where many alternative comedy stars of the 1980s, such as Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, Alexei Sayle, Craig Ferguson, Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson began their careers.^[4] The stand-up comedy circuit rapidly expanded from London across the UK. The present British stand-up comedy circuit arose from the 'alternative' comedy revolution of the 1980s, with political and observational humour being the prominent styles to flourish. In 1983 young drama teacher Maria Kempinska created Jongleurs Comedy Clubs, now the largest Stand Up Comedy chain in Europe.

United States history[link]

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North American stand-up comedy has its roots in various traditions of popular entertainment of the late 19th century including vaudeville, English Music Hall, Minstrel shows, humorist monologues by personalities such as Mark Twain and Norman Wilkerson, and circus clown antics. Comedians of this era often donned an ethnic persona - African, Scottish, German, Jewish, etc. and built a routine based on popular stereotypes. Jokes were generally broad and material was widely shared, or in some cases, stolen.

The fathers of modern American stand-up comedy, Jack Benny, Bob Hope, George Burns, Fred Allen, Milton Berle and Frank Fay all came from vaudeville. They spoke directly to the audience as themselves, in front of the curtain, known as performing "in one". Frank Fay gained acclaim as a "master of ceremonies" at New York's Palace Theater and is credited with creating the style of 20th century stand-up.

Nightclubs and resorts became the new breeding ground for stand-ups. Acts like Alan King, Danny Thomas, Don Rickles and Jack E. Leonard flourished in these new arenas.

In the 1950s and into the 1960s, stand-ups like Mort Sahl began developing their acts in small folk clubs like San Francisco's hungry i or New York's Bitter End. These comedians added an element of social satire and expanded both the language and boundaries of stand-up venturing into politics, race relations, and sexual humor. Lenny Bruce became known as 'the' obscene comic when he used language that usually led to his arrest.^[5] After Lenny Bruce, arrests for obscene language on stage nearly disappeared until George Carlin was arrested on 21 July 1972 at Milwaukee's Summerfest after performing the routine "Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television"^[6] (the case against Carlin was eventually dismissed).

Other notable comics from this era include Woody Allen, Shelley Berman and Bob Newhart. Some African-American comedians such as Redd Foxx, George Kirby, Bill Cosby and Dick Gregory began to cross over to white audiences during this time.

Stand-up in the 1970s saw several entertainers becoming major stars based on stand-up comedy performances. Richard Pryor and George Carlin followed Lenny Bruce's acerbic style to become icons. Stand-up expanded from clubs, resorts, and coffee houses into major concerts in sports arenas and amphitheaters. Steve Martin and Bill Cosby had levels of success with gentler comic routines. The older style of stand-up comedy (no social satire) was kept alive by Rodney Dangerfield and Buddy Hackett, who enjoyed revived careers late in life. Television programs such as Saturday Night Live and The Tonight Show launched the careers of other stand-up comedians.

From the 1970s to the 90s, more nonsensical styles of comedy began to emerge, led by the madcap stylings of Robin Williams, the odd observations of Jerry Seinfeld and the ironic musings of Steven Wright. These comedians would serve to influence the next generation of comedians, including Bill Burr, David Cross, Louis C.K., Hannibal Buress, Mitch Hedberg, Dave Foley, Todd Glass, and Demetri Martin. In 2005, Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts, established an archive of comedy to help preserve the history of 20th-century stand-up comedy.^[7]

Stand-up comedy around the world[link]

Algeria[link]

Mohamed Saïd Fellag

Argentina[link]

In Argentina, the greatest icon is arguably Enrique Pinti, followed by Carlos Perciavalle (who was actually born in Uruguay) There is possibly a bigger icon: Tato Bores. New artists such as Sebastián Wainraich, Peto Menahem and Malena Pichot are also popular. Vh1 Latin America with Comedy Central usually present stand-up specials by local artists every year.

Bangladesh[link]

Naveed Mahbub, an engineer by profession and a funny man at heart, started the first ever stand up comedy club in Bangladesh - Naveed's Comedy Club - on March, 2010. The club is open to all and requires no memberships. It boasts a mixture of both Bangla and English shows, making it an ideal laughter station for Bangladeshi's as well as expats. Open mic shows are held every Thursday from 8:00 pm, paid shows on Saturdays and full-English shows on the last Saturday of every month at the same time. Pro-comedians are: Naveed Mahbub, Yamin Khan, Muhammad Solaiman, Nawaf Naser, Max Mystel, Mosharraf Yaafi, Pervez Suman, Istiak Nasir Rajon, Eftekar Alam, Tahsin M Khan and Barrister Aneek R Haque while the amateurs comprise: Tahseen Salman Choudhury, Ahmed Zunayed, Shahryar N. Khan, Porosh and many more.

Belgium[link]

Belgium, and particularly Flanders, has a rich heritage of stand-up comedians. Several annual contests are held, with the Canvas Comedy Casino Cup as the most important challenge. Winners of this cup are Xander De Rycke and David Galle. Typical to Flemish stand up is that there is a large influence of British comedy, partly due to a number of emigrated British stand-up comedians who perform now in Dutch. Famous stand-up comics include : Gunter Lamoot, Gili, Filip Geubels, Alex Agnew, Kamagurka, Freddy De Vadder, Nigel Williams, David Galle, Wim Helsen, Xander de Rycke, Henk Rijckaert, ...

Canada[link]

Canada has an extremely rich comedy history with many exports making waves on the big screen. Many famous successful comedians like Jim Carrey, Dan Aykroyd, John Candy, Lorne Michaels, Russell Peters, Howie Mandell, Rich Little, Norm Macdonald, Harland Williams, Shaun Majumder, Tom Green, Jeremy Hotz, Angelo Tsarouchas, Dave Foley, Jon Dore, Jay Sankey and Brent Butt all began doing stand-up at comedy clubs in Canada.

Cambodia[link]

Stand up comedy has been famous in Cambodia for century. But, Cambodian stand up comedy requires two comedians-male and female comedians. The most famous stand up comedian in Cambodia is Mr. Prom Manh.

China[link]

China is relatively new to stand-ups but Beijing does have quite a few slapstick routines especially on national television. Comedy Club China is the only operating stand-up comedy in Beijing, with routines mainly in English, but performed by the comedians in the local expat community including some more well known comedians as Carlos Ottery (UK). Shanghai's biggest name in stand-up comedy is Zhou Libo. Shanghai also has a few comedy clubs, including XiaoDao WenHua aka Lauphilos, which conducts monthly shows with comics like Suhail Nasir (PK) regularly performing.

Colombia[link]

There is a stand up comedy T.V show called "Los Comediantes de la Noche" and in it, are different stand up comedians who perform routines. There are also different stand up comedians such as: Andres Lopez, Gonzalo Valderrama, Diego Camargo, Ivan Marin, Julio Escallon and more. People in Colombia are now getting used to going to bars and theatres to watch live comedy.

Estonia[link]

The nascent stand-up comedy scene in Estonia was established through the Tartu Comedy Festival in April 2010. Since that time, stand-up comedy performances have become regular in the Estonian cities of Tartu and the capital, Tallinn. Shows are now performed both in English and Estonian.

France[link]

French stand-up comedy often centers around social and political satire, play on words, or imitations. Coluche is considered an icon for his successful career as a comedian, political satirist and philanthropist in the 1980s. Pierre Desproges was known for his highly dramatic comedy, using an absurd humor and playing on the language in a poetic manner. Thierry Le Luron became a famous imitator at that time. Notable contemporary comedians include Jean-Marie Bigard, whose heavy reliance on blue humor had him branded as a vulgar comedian at the beginning of his career; Gad Elmaleh, who draws inspiration from everyday-life issues and clichés about his Jewish-Moroccan background, and whose performances often mix up stand-up routines and musical numbers; and imitators such as Laurent Gerra or Nicolas Canteloup.

Germany[link]

Henning Wehn is the self-styled the "German Comedy Ambassador in London". He often appears on BBC Radio 4 programs.

Greece[link]

Comedy Nights, a series of open-mic shows, used to be hosted at Comedy Club in Athens, with certain shows being aired in Star Channel. Comedy Club closed in April, 2011.

ComedyLab is a website that hosts stand-up comedians, sketches and other comic series of videos.

On the 14th of November, in 2011, the 1st Stand-Up Comedy Festival was held in Athens, supported by ComedyLab.
The 1st Comedy Festival of Xanthi was held in Xanthi, November 18–27 in 2011.

Tzimis Panousis often encompasses stand-up comedy performances between his songs during live concerts. His use of profane language and his satirical comments have made him a controversial figure, most notably with the singer George Dalaras.

Hong Kong[link]

Stand-up comedy in China is an emerging art form. Hong Kong is the only city in China to offer a fulltime comedy club, The TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong, which features both local comics as well as leading international comedians such as Tom Cotter.^[8] The Punchline Comedy Club also hosts international comedians once per month. A famous stand-up comedian in Hong Kong is Dayo Wong Tze-Wah, who first started stand-up comedy in Hong Kong in early 1990s.

South Korea[link]

Seoul's first English speaking comedy room is "STAND-UP SEOUL" (est. March 2009.) Stand-Up Seoul has hosted several professional stand up shows with comics such as Brian Aylward, Danny Cho, Tom Cotter, James Adomian, Ted Alexandro, and Kyle Kinane. Stand-Up Seoul is held at Rocky Mountain Tavern ( RMT ) in the central Seoul neighborhood, Itaewon. Seoul has established itself as arguably the best local stand-up scene in Asia. Expat entertainment is alive and well in the Land Of The Morning Calm. ( Notable acts: Michael Emms, Rudy Tyburczy, Pat Volz, Jeff Sinclair, Ross Gardiner, Fahad Al-Mutlaq, Erin Weber, Jessica Coyle, Albert Escobedo, Reginald Robinson-Whaley, Janet Kim, Daniel Kennedy and the hip hop improv group, Space Rhyme Continuum. )

There are also weekly stand-up shows at venues like Tony's Aussie Bar and Bistro in Itaewon, Seoul.

South Korea's second city, Busan, has a monthly comedy room " The HA HA Hole." Hosted by Chris Tharp at Soul Trane ( PNU ).

Songtan is host to a weekly open mic night at "The Osan Lounge" - a bar located a few hundred feet away from the main gate of Osan Air Base. The open mic night was started by Paul Smith, but is currently hosted and maintained by Dirty Boys Radio hosts Les Boyd and Darryl "Seed" Mansel. Also, the local acts come together and perform improv once a month at the same venue.

Ireland[link]

Ireland has produced many successful and influential stand-up comedians, including Dave Allen, Spike Milligan, Andrew Maxwell, Dylan Moran, Dara Ó Briain, Tommy Tiernan, Ardal O'Hanlon, Ed Byrne and Sean Hughes.

India[link]

Stand-up comedians were very popular in ancient and medieval India. They were known as Vidushak and were known for their witty, intelligent and jestful acts (sometimes as clowns) in the courts of Indian kings. In modern era many artists have come up and become popular as stand-up comedians, often starting from stage/films and proceeding to TV shows. johnny Lever was one the early popular stand -up comedians who became very famous for his acts and routines.Javed Jaffrey, Raju Srivastava, Dipoo Srivastava, [[Siraj Khan www.sirajkhan.com ^[9]]], Sunil Pal www.sunilpal.in, Kapil Sharma, Sudesh Lehri, Rajiv Thakur Ahsaan Qureshi, Naveen Prabhakar, etc. are some well known Hindi comedians. Vir Das, Papa CJ, Rajneesh Kapoor, Rohan Joshi, Amit Tandon are some popular English stand-up comedians. TV shows like The Great Indian Laughter Challenge proved to be a highly popular platform for various Indian stand-up comedians. Local events like Fosters LOL nights, Comedy Showdown etc. are also promoting stand-up comedy in India.

Other than TV shows, club comedy is also catching up in India, notably in 3 major cities - Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore. Delhi is slowly becoming the comedy capital of the country. Various restaurants, pubs and bars are organizing comedy nights. There is virtually a comedy night every week in Delhi, Gurgaon or Noida. One of the most popular comedy nights in Delhi is Comedy Showdown where comedians like Amit Tandon, Zakir Khan, Maheep Singh etc. ^[10]have performed. Comedy Showdown also provides a platform for amateur comedians by organizing an open mic^[11]. Other famous Delhi comedians include Abhijit Ganguly, Neeti Palta, Appurv Gupta etc.

The comedy scene in Mumbai is the oldest. The Comedy Store has set up shop in the upmarket Palladium Mall in the Lower Parel area of Mumbai. While initially the stage was dominated by British comedians, the focus is now shifting towards Indian comedians. While Indian comedians do throw in the occasional Indian language phrase for a comic effect the performances at The Comedy Store, Mumbai are necessarily in English. Well-known names in the business include - Tanmay Bhat, Rohan Joshi, Anuvab Pal, Sorabh Pant, Kunal Rao, Ashish Shakya, Varun Thakur, Varun Grover and Aditi Mittal.

Bangalore is said to be the fastest growing city in India and the same can be said of its stand-up comedy scene. Being IT city, it is not as hot as Mumbai when it comes to show business, so there are only a handful of professional comedians in Bangalore - Sanjay Manaktala, Sundeep Rao, Praveen Kumar, Sal Yusuf, Ahmed Shariff, Shyam Bhat, Raju Choudary and Mark Zubair.

In Tamil flim industry Vivek, Vadivelu, KanchaKarupu, Karunas are some of the comedians who appears in some and many flims. But now Santhanam a stand-up comedian is setting up a new trend in the industry by his hi-style comedy.

In Telugu film industry Brahmhanandam , Sunil , Ali are some of the well-known comedians .

Indonesia[link]

Stand-up comedy has been popular for a long time in Indonesia, Dono, ‎Kasino and Indro were the first generation who popularized stand-up comedy in Indonesia, Taufik Savalas was the second generation in Indonesia and for the first time he also made a stand-up comedy show on Indonesian television. After that period there had been no new generation, and stand-up comedy hibernated for a long time.

The return appearance of stand-up comedy in Indonesia was marked by the emergence of comedy-themed cafes in Indonesia.

Stand-up comedy in Indonesia began to rise in mid-2011, popularized by a reality show-styled TV program, held by a private television station in Indonesia, following open auditions in several major cities in Indonesia. Since then, more TV stations in the country have already started or planned their own versions of stand-up comedy shows.

The reemergence of stand-up in Indonesia was heavily influenced by social media--Twitter and YouTube--mainly, after two of the country's most popular celebrities, Raditya Dika and Pandji Pragiwaksono started promoting and doing stand-up, and uploading their acts for the public. Currently, stand-up comedy is one of the most popular entertainment in the country. Several major cities have already started their own movements, like Jakarta, Bandung, Jogjakarta, and Surabaya. Several cafes in those cities currently hold weekly open-mikes, and monthly shows.

Some names have already gained a reputation as the country's new rising comics. Such names as Insan Nur Akbar, Isman HS, Ernest Prakasa, Ryan Adriandhy, Miund, Luqman, and others, started to decorate the stand up stages in the country, and from the looks of it, there will be even much more names to come.

Characteristics of stand-up comedy in Indonesia are: cultural observations, innuendos, sarcasm related to government or politics, allusions aimed at well-known figures. Despite all that, stand-up comedy in Indonesia is still an emerging art form.

Israel[link]

In the 1960s and 1970s, there were only a few stand-up comedy shows in Israel. The most prominent stand up performer at that time was Uri Zohar. The Israeli comedian and actor Shaike Ophir also appeared in several stand-up shows. However, almost all of the entertainment shows during that period were written in advance, like those of the Pale Tracker trio or Hanoch Levin's cabarets. Another prominent stand-up performance in the 1970s was Yehonatan Geffen's stand-up performance which was satirical about the Israeli society and was mainly inspired by the American comedian Lenny Bruce.

Since the mid 1980s, and up until the present, stand-up performances caught momentum and many Israeli stand-up performers gained success in Israel. The actor Shmuel Vilozni is widely considered to be a prominent contributor to the rise of Stand-Up in Israel during that period. Vilozni who was originally fascinated by stand-up performances he watched in London decided to established a stand-up club in Tel Aviv. During that period another stand-up venue opened at "The American Zionists" hall. These shows gave relatively anonymous people the opportunity to attempt to entertain the audience for a few minutes and the audience determined whether they will go on or whether they would get off the stage.

During the 1990s, many comedy clubs were established across Israel. The most prominent of which was the "Camel Comedy Club", in which many Israeli talents, whom later became successful Israeli entertainers, were initially discovered. One of the most prominent stand-up performances at the "Camel Comedy Club" was the "Comedy Store" which began as a stage performance and soon thereafter became a successful comedy TV show on the Israeli Channel 2. Stand-Up performers also appeared in other TV programs such as "Zehu Ze!" (which had guest appearances by Shmuel Vilozni and Debby & Nolly), Dudu Topaz's entertainment show (In which Naor Zion was discovered) as well as Yair Lapid's talk show (which had guest appearances by Adi Ashkenazi, Adir Miller and other Israeli stand-up comedians).

Malaysia[link]

Malaysia in 2009 revitalized the local comedy scene with the introduction of 2 regular monthly shows. Timeout Comedy Thursday hosts monthly shows, which features young and professional comedians in open mike events. The Comedy Club KL, the counterpart of The Comedy Club Asia, offers monthly shows and has featured some of the best stand-up comedians from around the world with the likes of Greg Fleet, Akmal Saleh, Gina Yashere and Jeff Green in sold-out performances. Local stand-up comedians including Harith Iskander, Douglas Lim, Andrew Netto, Papi Zak, Phoon Chi Ho, Kuah Jenhan and Kavin Jay are regular performers in The Comedy Club KL. In October 2010, The Comedy Club Asia brought stand-up comedy to a new level in Kuala Lumpur by producing a show called 'Kings and Queen of Comedy Asia' featuring 5 of the best Asian comics in a sold-out 2,800 seater Plenary Hall at KLCC.In 2011, the show repeated it feat with a total attendance of 4,600. The year 2012 sees more shows like 'Comedy Kao Kao', 'Laugh Off Asia' and 'Comedy Star Series' turning Malaysia into a thriving comedy scene.

Mexico[link]

Mexican stand-up and much of the country's other comedy formats come down from the carpas (tents), which were traveling variety shows similar to vaudeville but with their own roots and traditions; added to this were the traditions of the pícaro (rogue) and Spanish theatre comedy. Until recently, Stand-up in Mexico consisted mainly on telling a standard repertoire of many jokes which have remained basically the same over the decades. Rather than the freshness of the material what is important is the style and manner in which the comedian delivers these old jokes. Among the most famous old school stand-up comedians are Polo Polo and Jorge Falcón.

A mix of Character based Cabaret and Stand-up Comedy has been successful with performers like Paola Izquierdo (her monologue has been translated to English and performed in Chicago and New York), Lalo España and a Pastege Collective (Juan Carlos Vives, Yuriria del Valle, Ana Francis Mor, Cecilia Sotres among others).

Recently, a new wave of stand-up comedians with original material and a more American style (keeping the "picaro" Mexican style in most cases), has emerged, thanks to the effort of cabaret managers Felipe Najera and Jaime Morales who created a Stand Up Comedy Fest and independent producers such as Isaac Salame. In June 2011 many of these new talents and producers created "Junio mes del Stand Up" in which more than 26 shows in different venues with different line-ups were presented. Actors Hector Suarez Gomis, Jorge Zarate, Juan Carlos Escalante and Gus Proal also form stand up comedians by giving workshops and shows nationwide.

Nowadays, important stand-up groups such as Risas Inc.(Created by Hector Suarez Gomis), Cayendo Mal, Push Up Comedy and Ex Rollins Collective are creating audiences increasingly, with names that are becoming famous like Gloria Rodriguez, Adriana Chavez, Juan Carlos Escalante, Eduardo Talavera, Gonzalo Curiel, Diego Zanassi, Ese Wey (Alex Marin y Kall), Ines Saavedra, Martin Leon, Roberto Flores, Hector Garcia and Tomas Strasberg among others, who have all performed for VH1 in the Latinamerican edition of Comedy Central.

Singapore[link]

Singapore has a growing stand-up comedy scene with several active venues although there is still no full time comedy club. The Comedy Club Asia, founded by Australian comedian Jonathan Atherton, offers monthly shows featuring leading international comics such as Paul Ogata, Gina Yashere, Jeff Green, Ted Alexandro and many others.

Venues hosting The Comedy Club Asia's shows in Singapore include The British Club, DBS Arts Centre, Hollandse Club, China One and Blujaz.

The Comedy Club Asia also produces stand-up comedy shows in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India and Cambodia. They presented Cambodia's first ever stand-up show featuring Ward Anderson (USA), Shazia Mirza (UK) and Jonathan Atherton (Aus) at Pontoon Club, Phnom Penh in December 2011. This has since become a monthly event.

In 2010, The Comedy Club Asia hosted 'Kings and Queen of Comedy Asia" featuring the best comedy talent in the Asian region.^[12] A second instalment 'Kings and Queen of Comedy Asia 2' (October 2011) became the biggest ever stand-up comedy event held in South East Asia- almost 8000 tickets sold over 4 nights in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. The 'Queen' referred to in the title is Kumar, Singapore's favourite humourist.

Kumar, a drag queen who has performed in Singapore for more than 17 years, is Singapore's leading stand-up comedian.^[13]

In 2010 Umar Rana launched Comedy Masala, an open mic show every Tuesday night. Comedy Masala has become a cult night, packing out The Home Club, Riverwalk, every week. It is also a vital breeding ground for local talent.

The phenomenal growth of stand-up comedy in Singapore and the huge number of aspiring local comics has spawned a second weekly open mic room- Talk Cock Comedy- every Sunday night at China One, Clarke Quay.

Poland[link]

The Polish stand-up scene is mainly composed of 20-something college grads with backgrounds in media, philosophy, poetry, writing, and film. Currently the scene is limited to a small group of stand-up comedians performing on a regular basis. Almost all stand-up comedy shows are performed in Warsaw. In October 2010 the first season of the Polish "Comedy Central Presents" had its premiere. In 2011 rights for "Comedy Central Presents Season One" was bought by national TV station TVP2. On commercial TV station Polsat in October 2010 the first season of "Stand up. Zabij mnie smiechem" ("Kill me with laughter") had its premiere. In Poland there is a group Stand-up Polska uniting stand-up performers.

Pakistan[link]

Some famous Pakistani stand-up comedians are Umar Sharif, Shakeel Siddiqui, Kashif Khan and Sami Shah. Hasb-e-Haal, the weekend comedy show starring Sohail Ahmed, is one of the most widely-watched TV shows in the country, frequently topping Television ratings.

Romania[link]

In Romania, stand-up comedy started in 2003, but gathered popular attention in 2007, when a video of Romanian comedian Teo went viral on YouTube. Since then, new clubs in which stand up comedy can be performend, and more performers started getting attention. The best stand-up comedy clubs in capital Bucharest are Club 99, Cafe Deko, Cafe Godot, Prometheus. Some of the most well known performers are: Teo, Vio, Costel, Micutu, Bordea, Radu, Sorin, Badea and Bobo.

Russia[link]

Comedy Club (Russia) is the only stand-up comedy show in Russia since 2007. The show was started by Garik Martirosyan and other former members of KVN.

Spain[link]

In Spain, the rise of stand-up comedy was late in comparison to the Americas. The first related to the comic genre in the country takes place in 1999 with the Paramount Comedy Channel, which included as one of its flagship programs the new comic show, which highlighted monologuists as Angel Martin, Juan José Vaquero and Joaquín Reyes.

In 1999 it started a new TV show called El Club de la Comedia (Comedy Club) where became known comedians such as Luis Piedrahita, Alexis Valdes or Goyo Jiménez. Also include Andreu Buenafuente who had his own late night show called "Buenafuente". He has also worked on the radio and published several books with his monologues.

Switzerland[link]

In May 2006 Guy Stevens introduced stand up comedy culture by independently creating Switzerland's first regular Comedy Club in Zurich called the Funny Laundry (a tortured pun) which since 2007 he has toured around the country for four days every two weeks for 9 months of the year with other regular shows in Geneva, Lausanne and Basel. The very first shows in 2006 brought to Switzerland comedians Brendon Burns, Craig Campbell, Jim Jeffries, Russell Howard, Arthur Smith, Nina Conti and Kevin Bridges. Growing demand and success amongst the international expat and multi-lingual Swiss audiences has since seen the presentation of theatre sized shows with comics such as Ardal O'Hanlon, Stephen K. Amos, Rich Hall, Ed Byrne, Frankie Boyle, and Paul Merton's Impro Chums.

In September 2011 Funny Laundry was re-branded to The International Comedy Club.

Taiwan[link]

Comedy in Taiwan is mostly sketched based with a lot of physical humor. In 2007, Live Comedy Club Taipei opened (Taipei's first comedy club). Most of the acts performing there are sketch comedy and improv comedy. A group of expats also performs there regularly, including Torch Pratt (singer), Tom Levene, and ventriloquist Matt "The Puppet Guy" Bronsil. Lots of acts perform stand-up or duo comedy in Chinese, such as The Stand-up Party, Double Happiness, Strong, Rifat and Yubon Group.

Thailand[link]

Stand up comedy in Thailand is developing, the most famous comic being Udom Taepanich. ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=4263016

Comedy festivals[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Stand-up comedy is the focus of four major international festivals: the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Edinburgh, Scotland; Just for Laughs in Montreal, Canada; HBO's U.S. Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen, CO, and the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in Melbourne, Australia. A number of other festivals operate around the world, most prominently The Comedy Festival in Las Vegas, the Vancouver Comedy Festival, the New York Comedy Festival, the Boston Comedy and Film Festival, the New York Underground Film Festival, the Sydney Comedy Festival, and the Cat Laughs Comedy Festival in Kilkenny, Ireland. Radio hosts Opie and Anthony also produce a comedy tour called Opie and Anthony's Traveling Virus Comedy Tour, featuring their own co-host, Jim Norton as well as several other stand-up comedians regularly featured on their radio show. There is also a festival in Hong Kong called the HK International Comedy Festival.

The festival format has proven quite successful at attracting attention to the art of stand-up, and is often used as a scouting and proving ground by industry professionals seeking new comedy talent.

Other media[link]

Many of the earliest vaudeville-era stand-ups gained their greater recognition on radio. They often opened their programs with topical monologues, characterized by ad-libs and discussions about anything from the latest films to a missed birthday. Each program tended to be divided into the opening monologue, musical number, followed by a skit or story routine. A "feud" between Fred Allen and Jack Benny, was used as comic material for nearly a decade.

HBO presented comedians uncensored for the first time, beginning with Robert Klein in 1975, and was instrumental in reaching larger audiences. George Carlin was a perennial favorite appeared in fourteen HBO comedy specials.^[14]

Continuing that tradition, most modern stand-up comedians use television or motion pictures to reach a level of success and recognition unattainable in the comedy club circuit alone.

Since the mid-2000s, online video-sharing sites such as YouTube have also provided a venue for stand-up comedy, and many comedians' performances can be viewed online.^[15]

One of the newer trends in stand up comedy is to have comedians perform a personalized comedy roast or performance at a party or event, live over the internet via HD group video chat. This is in contrast to the traditional impersonal approach of an audience viewing a pre-rehearsed comedic set. CelebTango is a new venue for comedians and comedy fans to connect on a more personal level.

See also[link]

• Comedy festivals
• Improvisational theatre
• List of musical comedians
• List of stand-up comedians
• Manzai – style of stand-up comedy in Japan
• Open mike – live show where audience members may perform at the microphone
• Rakugo – Japanese verbal entertainment
• Situation comedy
• Xiangsheng – Chinese traditional stand-up comedy

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Double, Oliver, 1997, Stand-up, on being a comedian, Methuen, London
• Double, Oliver, 2005, Getting the Joke, The Inner Workings of Stand-up Comedy, Methuen, London
• Maslon, Laurence, 2008, Make'em Laugh, The funny business of America, Hachette, New York

Jim Carrey
Carrey at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival
Born	James Eugene Carrey (1962-01-17) January 17, 1962 (age 50) Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
Occupation	Actor, comedian, producer
Years active	1979–present
Height	6' 2"
Spouse	Melissa Womer (1987–1995) Lauren Holly (1996–1997)
Partner	Jenny McCarthy (2005–2010) Anastasia Vitkina (2011–present)
Children	1
Website
JimCarrey.com

James Eugene "Jim" Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, and producer. Carrey has received four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two. Known for his highly energetic, slapstick performances, he has been described as one of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood.^[1]

Carrey first gained recognition in 1990 after landing a recurring role in the sketch comedy In Living Color. His first leading roles in major productions came with Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), Dumb and Dumber (1994), The Mask (1994), and Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995). In 1997, he gave a critically acclaimed performance in Liar Liar, which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor. He then starred in the critically acclaimed hits The Truman Show (1998) and Man on the Moon (1999), both garnering him two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor.

In 2000, he gained further recognition for his portrayal of the The Grinch in How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Three years later, Carrey starred in the major blockbuster film Bruce Almighty (2003). The following year he starred in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), for which he received another Golden Globe nomination in addition to a BAFTA Award nomination. He then starred in popular productions Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004), Fun with Dick and Jane (2005), Yes Man (2008), A Christmas Carol (2009), and Mr. Popper's Penguins (2011).

He is set to star in Burt Wonderstone in 2013 as Steve Gray, in addition to reprising his role as Lloyd Christmas in Dumb and Dumber 2 in 2014. He is also set to star as Mr. Applegate in a film adaption of the broadway musical Damn Yankees.

Early life[link]

Carrey was born in Newmarket, Ontario, the son of Kathleen (née Oram), a homemaker, and Percy Carrey, a musician and accountant.^[2][3] He has three older siblings, John, Patricia, and Rita. He was raised Roman Catholic.^[4][5] His mother was of French,  Irish,  and Scottish descent^[6] and his father was of French Canadian ancestry (the family's original surname was Carré).^[7][8] After his family moved to Scarborough, Ontario, when Carrey was 14 years old, he attended Blessed Trinity Catholic School, in North York, for two years, enrolled at Agincourt Collegiate Institute for another year, then briefly attended Northview Heights Secondary School for the remainder of his high school career (all together, he spent three years in Grade 10).

Carrey lived in Burlington, Ontario, for eight years and attended Aldershot High School, where he once opened for 1980s new wave band Spoons. In a Hamilton Spectator interview (February 2007), Carrey remarked, "If my career in show business hadn't panned out I would probably be working today in Hamilton, Ontario at the Dofasco steel mill." When looking across the Burlington Bay toward Hamilton, he could see the mills and thought, "Those were where the great jobs were."^[9] At this point, he already had experience working in a science testing facility in Richmond Hill, Ontario.

Career[link]

Early work[link]

While struggling to obtain work and making a name for himself, Carrey's father decided to help the young comedian put together a stage act, driving him to Toronto to debut at comedy club Yuk Yuk's.^[10] Unfortunately, Carrey's impersonations bombed and this gave him doubts about his capability as a professional entertainer. His family, at the time, were struggling financially meaning it was difficult for them to support Carrey's ambitions. Eventually, the family's financial problems were soon dealt with and they moved into a new home.^[10] With a now more domestic stability, Carrey worked up the nerve to return to the stage with a more polished act. In a short period of time, Carrey went from open mic nights to regular paid shows; a growing reputation building in the process. One reviewer in the Toronto Star raved that Carrey was "a genuine star coming to life."^[11] Carrey was soon noticed by comedian Rodney Dangerfield, who signed the young comedian to open Dangerfield's tour performances.^[12] He eventually brought Carrey to Las Vegas, after which he decided to move to Hollywood. Carrey began performing at The Comedy Store and in 1982, appeared on the televised stand-up show An Evening at the Improv.^[13] The following year, he debuted his act on The Tonight Show.^[14]

Despite his increasing popularity as a stand-up comedian, Carrey turned his attention to the film and television industries, auditioning to be a cast member for the 1980–1981 season of NBC's Saturday Night Live. Carrey was not selected for the position (although he did host the show in May 1996, and again in January 2011^[15] ). He was, after a period of time, cast in seveal low-budget films: Rubberface (1981) playing a struggling young comic, and Copper Mountain (1983) playing a sex-starved teen, the latter including his impersonation of Sammy Davis Jr. Since the film had a less than one hour runtime consisting largely of musical performances by Rita Coolidge and Ronnie Hawkins, it was not considered a full-length feature film.

In 1984, Carrey was soon cast, surprisingly, as the lead in the NBC sitcom The Duck Factory, in which he played a quirky young artist alongside Jay Tarses. However, the show was unceremoniously cancelled during its first season. Despite the sudden cancellation, Carrey landed supporting roles in several low-budget films: Once Bitten (1985), Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), and The Dead Pool (1988). When Carrey returned to stand-up, he retired his old act vowing that he didn't want to be famous for imitating other people; "Some nights it was a melee, literally, where I'd be standing trying to defend myself for what I was doing. People would be screaming at me to do my old act, and getting actually violent and angry at me,".^[14] While many thought he was "crazy" for retiring his old act, others were increasingly interested in what Carrey was attempting to do, Judd Apatow in particular. The pair struck up a friendship and soon began writing material together.

Carrey continued to land small roles in film and television productions, which led to a friendship with fellow comedian Damon Wayans, who co-starred with Carrey as an extraterrestrial in 1989's Earth Girls Are Easy. Damon soon introduced Carrey to his brother Keenen, who at the time, was creating a sketch comedy show known as In Living Color, for the new Fox network. Carrey eventually landed a recurring role in the show which first aired on April 15, 1990. By the third season, Carrey was one of the few remaining original cast members and was ready to move onto bigger things, after agreeing to take on his first lead role in a Hollywood blockbuster film.

Rise to fame[link]

Carrey did not experience true stardom until landing the lead role in the slapstick comedy Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), which premiered only months before In Living Color ended. Despite agreeing to play the title character, Carrey would only take the role if he was allowed to rewrite the script, mostly to suit his over-the-top visions. The film, while dismissed by most critics, was an international hit, and transformed Carrey into a bankable box-office star overnight. In that same year, he landed two lead roles in The Mask and Dumb and Dumber, respectively. The Mask garnered him his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor nomination, with Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praising him for his "joyful performance".^[16] Well-received by critics, Dumb and Dumber was a commercial success, grossing over $270 million worldwide,^[17] and again boosting Carrey's fanbase.

Carrey in Madrid, Spain on December 13, 2008.

In 1995, Carrey starred in the Joel Schumacher-directed superhero film Batman Forever, in which Batman tries to stop Two-Face and the Riddler (played by Carrey) in their villainous scheme to drain information from all the brains in Gotham City. The feature received reasonable reviews upon release with most criticism aimed towards the movie's "blatant commercialism", as stated by Peter Travers.^[18] In that same year, Carrey reprised his role as Ace Ventura in Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls. Like the original film, it was well-received by the public but heavily criticised by critics. However, it was a huge box-office success, earning $212 million worldwide in addition to breaking records, with a $40 million opening weekend.^[19] Carrey earned $20 million for his next film, The Cable Guy (1996). Directed by Ben Stiller, Carrey played a lonely, slightly menacing cable TV installer who infiltrates the life of one of his customers (played by Matthew Broderick). The film tested Carrey's boundaries of his tried and true "hapless, hyper, overconfident" characters that he is known for regularly playing. However, it did not fare well with critics, many reacting towards Carrey's change of tone to previous films.^[20] Despite the reviews, The Cable Guy grossed $102 million worldwide.^[21]

He soon bounced back in 1997 with the critically acclaimed comedy Liar Liar, playing Fletcher Reede, an incredibly successful lawyer who has built his career on lying, regularly breaking promises that he makes to his son Max. Max soon makes a birthday wish that for just one day, his dad can't tell a lie. Carrey was praised for his performance, earning a second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor. Janet Maslin of The New York Times said, "Well into his tumultuous career, Mr. Carrey finally turns up in a straightforward comic vehicle, and the results are much wilder and funnier than this mundane material should have allowed."^[22]

Critical acclaim[link]

The following year he decided to take a pay cut to play the serious role of Truman Burbank in the satirical comedy-drama film The Truman Show (1998).^[23] The film was highly praised and brought Carrey further international acclaim, leading many to believe he would be nominated for an Oscar.^[24] However, he did pick up his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama. The Truman Show was a commercial success also, earning $264 million worldwide against a budget of $60 million.^[25][26] According to a Film4 critic, the film, "...allows Carrey to edge away from broad comedy." but nonetheless called it "A hilarious and breathtakingly conceived satire..."^[27] That same year, Carrey appeared as a fictionalized version of himself on the final episode of Garry Shandling's The Larry Sanders Show, in which he deliberately ripped into Shandling's character. In 1999, Carrey had the lead role in Man on the Moon. He portrayed comedian Andy Kaufman to critical acclaim,^[28] with many believing that Carrey would finally be nominated for Best Actor. He again received his second Golden Globe Award for the second consecutive year. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times commented on Carrey's performance stating, "A brilliant, almost terrifying impersonation."

In 2000, Carrey reteamed with the Farrelly Brothers, who had directed him in Dumb and Dumber, in the comedy classic, Me, Myself & Irene, a film that received mixed reviews^[29] but enjoyed box office success. Carrey played the role of state trooper Charlie Baileygates, who has multiple personalities and romances a woman portrayed by Renée Zellweger. That same year, Carrey starred in the second highest grossing Christmas film of all time, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, playing the title character, for which he received praise and criticism.^[30] The film garnered him his third Golden Globe Award nomination in addition to countless other nominations and several wins.

For his next feature film, Carrey starred opposite Jennifer Aniston and Morgan Freeman in Tom Shadyac's international hit comedy Bruce Almighty (2003). Carrey played a TV newsman who unexpectedly receives God's omnipotent abilities when the deity decides to take a break. The film received mixed reviews upon release^[31] but despite this was a financial success, earning over $484 million worldwide, and going on to become the seventeenth highest-grossing live action comedy of all time. The film has since gained a cult following.^[19][32] In 2004, Carrey starred in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. The film received overwhelming acclaim upon release; Carrey was highly praised for his portrayal of Joel Barish, in addition to his co-star Kate Winslet, who received an Oscar nomination. According to CNN's reviewer Paul Clinton, Carrey's performance was "the best, most mature and sharply focused performance ever."^[33] He received his fourth Golden Globe Award nomination, and was also nominated for his first BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.

Carrey at the Yes Man premiere in 2008

Carrey's next appearance was in the 2004 black comedy drama film Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, which was based on the popular children's novels of the same name. The film received a positive reception, with Desson Thomson from The Washington Post commenting on Carrey's approach to the character of Count Olaf, stating "Olaf is a humorless villain in the book. He's not amusing like Carrey at all. To which I would counter: If you can't let Carrey be Carrey, put someone boring and less expensive in the role. In his various disguises he's rubbery, inventive and improvisationally inspired. I particularly liked his passing imitation of a dinosaur."^[34][35] That same year, Carrey was inducted into the Canadian Walk of Fame.^[36] In 2005, Carrey starred in a remake of Fun with Dick and Jane, playing Dick, a husband who becomes a bank robber after he loses his job. The film was dismissed by most critics but did manage to become a box office hit.

Continued success[link]

In 2007, Carrey reunited with Joel Schumacher, director of Batman Forever, for The Number 23, a psychological thriller co-starring Virginia Madsen and Danny Huston. In the film, Carrey plays a man who becomes obsessed with the number 23, after finding a book about a man with the same obsession. The film was lauded by critics and did not fare well at the box office. The following year Carrey provided his voice for Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who! (2008). Carrey voiced the beloved elephant for the CGI-animated feature, which received overwhelmingly positive reviews and delivered family crowds en masse. The film was also a box office success raking in over $290 million worldwide.^[37] Later in the year, Carrey returned to live action comedy, starring opposite Zooey Deschanel and Bradley Cooper in Yes Man (2008). Carrey played down-and-out man, Carl Allen, who had gone nowhere in life, thanks to always saying no to everything, until he signs up for a self-help program that teaches him the power of saying yes. Despite reviews being mixed, Rene Rodriquez of The Miami Herald stated, "Yes Man is fine as far as Jim Carrey comedies go, but it's even better as a love story that just happens to make you laugh."^[38] The film had a decent performance at the box office, earning $225 million worldwide.

Since 2009, Carrey's work has included a leading role in Glenn Ficarra and John Requa's I Love You Phillip Morris, premiering in January 2009 at the Sundance Film Festival before receiving a wide release in February 2010. Carrey portrayed Steven Jay Russell, a con artist, imposter and multiple prison escapee who falls in love with his fellow inmate, Phillip Morris (played by Ewan McGregor). The film received largely positive reviews with Damon Wise of The Times giving the film four stars out of five, stating, "I Love You Phillip Morris" is an extraordinary film that serves as a reminder of just how good Carrey can be when he's not tied into a generic Hollywood crowd-pleaser. His comic timing remains as exquisite as ever."^[39]

For the first time in his career, Carrey portrayed multiple characters in Disney's 3D animated take on the classic Charles Dickens tale, A Christmas Carol (2009), voicing Ebenezer Scrooge and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Future. Directed by Robert Zemeckis, the film also starred Robin Wright Penn, Bob Hoskins, Colin Firth, Gary Oldman and Cary Elwes. The film received reasonable reviews and was a financial success. In 2011, Carrey landed the lead role in Mr. Popper's Penguins, playing Thomas "Tom" Popper Jr. a realtor who becomes the caretaker of a family of penguins. The film received a mixed reception upon release.^[40] He is set to star alongside former co-star Steve Carell in the Don Scardino-directed comedy film Burt Wonderstone (2013). Carrey will play Steve Gray, a dangerous street magician who overshadows Burt Wonderstone (played by Carell), a formerly successful magician whos partnership with another magician ends; Gray must convince Burts old partner to return to the act. Carrey entered negotiations for the role in October 2011. Principal photography began on January 10, 2012 and concluded on March 13. The film is currently in post-production.

On April 1, 2012 it was confirmed that Carrey, along with Jeff Daniels, would return for Dumb and Dumber 2. Bobby and Peter Farrelly are scheduled to direct and write the script, with the movie going into production in September 2012.^[41]

As of April 2012, Carrey's films have grossed over $4.6 billion worldwide, unadjusted for inflation.^[42]

Personal life[link]

Relationships[link]

Carrey with his family at the Horton Hears a Who! premiere in 2008.

Carrey has been married twice. His first marriage was to former actress and Comedy Store waitress Melissa Womer, whom he married on March 28, 1987. The two divorced in 1995. A year later Carrey married his Dumb and Dumber co-star Lauren Holly, on September 23, 1996; the marriage lasted less than a year.^[43] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Carrey was involved in a series of relationships, including Laurie Holden, January Jones, and Anine Bing. In addition, Carrey had a much-publicized yet short-lived romance with his Me, Myself and Irene co-star Renée Zellweger, whom he dated, and at one point engaged, from 1999 to 2000.^[44]

Carrey met model and actress Jenny McCarthy in 2005 and made their relationship public in June 2006. In April 2010, the two ended their near five-year relationship.^[45] Despite the split and media circulations, McCarthy stated in October 2010 that, "Jim and I are still good friends".^[46]

Family[link]

Carrey has one child, a daughter named Jane Erin Carrey (born September 6, 1987 in Los Angeles County) from his first marriage.^[47] Carrey announced via his Twitter account on February 27, 2010, in Los Angeles^[48] that his daughter had given birth to her first child with musician husband Alex Santana. He announced that his grandson's name was Jackson Riley Santana.

Citizenship[link]

Carrey received U.S. citizenship in October 2004 and remains a dual citizen of both the United States and his native Canada.^[49]

Beliefs[link]

Carrey has been a critic of the scientific consensus that no evidence links the childhood MMR vaccination to the development of autism, and wrote an article questioning the merits of vaccination and vaccine research for the Huffington Post.^[50] With former partner Jenny McCarthy, Carrey led a "Green Our Vaccines" march in Washington, D.C., to advocate for the removal of toxins from children's vaccines, out of a belief that children had received "too many vaccines, too soon, many of which are toxic".^[51]

Filmography[link]

Actor[link]

Producer[link]

Other appearances[link]

Other accolades[link]

References[link]