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Sunday, 19 August 2012
Leiden
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![Dopenez - 14th of October 2011 - Club Incasa Leiden [Official aftermovie]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120819130405im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/ReYqgigoQ6M/0.jpg "This movie is made by [www.boss-graphics.nl] Dopenez, the upcoming part hype of the Netherlands. For the 14th time in a row completely SOLD OUT! This time in Club InCasa Leiden(The Netherlands) Line up: Vato Gonzalez & MC Tjen Artistic Raw Blasterjaxx Bader Santos Adi Adioz Shai Rox Ricardo Castano Loopers Dyro Hosted by MC Vocab ft. MC Caza Dopenez is an event by Boss Events www.dopenez.nl www.boss-events.nl www.bossbusinessgroup.com")
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- Alblasserdam
- Albrandswaard
- Alphen aan den Rijn
- Amsterdam
- Anabaptist
- Ancient Rome
- Archaism
- Armin Van Buuren
- Baize
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- Delft
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- Dutch language
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- Hillegom
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- Hook and Cod wars
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- Leiden
- Leiden Classical
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Alblasserdam
http://wn.com/Alblasserdam -
Albrandswaard
http://wn.com/Albrandswaard -
Alphen aan den Rijn
http://wn.com/Alphen_aan_den_Rijn -
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam -
Barendrecht
http://wn.com/Barendrecht -
Bergambacht
http://wn.com/Bergambacht -
Bernisse
http://wn.com/Bernisse -
Binnenmaas
http://wn.com/Binnenmaas -
Boskoop
http://wn.com/Boskoop -
Brielle
:This article is about a city in the Netherlands. There is also a Brielle, New Jersey, in the United States of America.
http://wn.com/Brielle -
Brittenburg
The Brittenburg, or Lugdunum Batavorum, is a Roman ruin west of Leiden that was visible on the beach between Katwijk aan Zee and Noordwijk aan Zee after storms in the years of 1520, 1552 and 1562. It was quite a large complex located at the mouth of the Oude Rijn (old river Rhine), which today is believed to be about a kilometer westwards (offshore in the North Sea) of the current location of the European Space Research and Technology Centre.
http://wn.com/Brittenburg -
Cromstrijen
http://wn.com/Cromstrijen -
Delft
Delft () is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland), the Netherlands. It is located in between Rotterdam and The Hague.
http://wn.com/Delft -
Den Haag
http://wn.com/Den_Haag -
Dirksland
http://wn.com/Dirksland -
Dordrecht
Dordrecht () is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland, the Netherlands. It is the fourth largest city of the province, having a population of 118,601 in 2009. The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt (the Island of Dordt), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands. Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.
http://wn.com/Dordrecht -
Flanders
Flanders (Dutch: , ) is the (political) community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied.
http://wn.com/Flanders -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Giessenlanden
http://wn.com/Giessenlanden -
Goedereede
http://wn.com/Goedereede -
Gorinchem
http://wn.com/Gorinchem -
Gouda
Gouda (; population [http://www.gouda.nl/Over_Gouda/Cijfers_over_Gouda/Kengetallen/Bevolkingscijfers_Gouda 70,828] in 2009) is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Gouda, which was granted city rights in 1272, is famous for its Gouda cheese, smoking pipes, and its 15th century city hall.
http://wn.com/Gouda -
Graafstroom
http://wn.com/Graafstroom -
Haarlem
Haarlem (), in the past usually Harlem in English, is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland, the northern half of Holland, which at one time was the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic. Haarlem lies in the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe.
http://wn.com/Haarlem -
Hellevoetsluis
http://wn.com/Hellevoetsluis -
Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht
http://wn.com/Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht -
Hillegom
http://wn.com/Hillegom -
Hooglandse Kerk
Hooglandse Kerk is a Gothic church in Leiden dating from the fifteenth century. The brick church is dedicated to St. Pancras and today serves parishioners of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Hooglandse_Kerk -
Juigalpa
http://wn.com/Juigalpa -
Kagerplassen
The Kagerplassen (a Dutch term meaning "the Kaag Lakes") is a small lake system in South Holland located to the northeast of Leiden. The Kaag Lakes are a popular area for boating, watersports, fishing, camping and walking. Windmills, waterfront pasture land (weilanden) with grazing animals, quaint Dutch boats and buildings and (in season) flower fields are all part of the charm of boating and walking in this area.
http://wn.com/Kagerplassen -
Katwijk
Katwijk () is a coastal municipality and town in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands. It has a population of 61,292.
http://wn.com/Katwijk -
Korendijk
http://wn.com/Korendijk -
Lansingerland
Lansingerland is the name for the new municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It was formed on January 1, 2007, by the merger of the municipalities of Berkel en Rodenrijs, Bleiswijk and Bergschenhoek, collectively known as the "B-Triangle".
http://wn.com/Lansingerland -
Leerdam
(population: 21,050 in 2004) is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland.
http://wn.com/Leerdam -
Leiden
Leiden ()(in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. Its number of inhabitants is about 118,000. The single urban area it forms together with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, has a number of about 254,000 inhabitants. Leiden is located on the Old Rhine, in a distance of some 20 kilometers from The Hague in its South and some 40 kilometers from Amsterdam in its North. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden.
http://wn.com/Leiden -
Leiden Observatory
http://wn.com/Leiden_Observatory -
Leiden University
Leiden University (), located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close relationship. The Queens Juliana and Beatrix and crown-prince Willem-Alexander studied at Leiden University. In 2005 Queen Beatrix received a rare honorary degree from Leiden University.
http://wn.com/Leiden_University -
Leiderdorp
Leiderdorp () is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland near the city of Leiden. It had a population of 26,182 in 2004.
http://wn.com/Leiderdorp -
Leidse Hout
http://wn.com/Leidse_Hout -
Leyden, New York
Leyden is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 1,792 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Leyden_New_York -
Liesveld
http://wn.com/Liesveld -
Lisse
http://wn.com/Lisse -
Maassluis
http://wn.com/Maassluis -
Middelharnis
http://wn.com/Middelharnis -
Midden-Delfland
http://wn.com/Midden-Delfland -
Naturalis
http://wn.com/Naturalis -
Nederlek
http://wn.com/Nederlek -
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
Nicaragua
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
http://wn.com/Nicaragua -
Nieuw-Lekkerland
http://wn.com/Nieuw-Lekkerland -
Nieuwkoop
Nieuwkoop () is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality was enlarged on January 1, 2007, through the amalgamation of Liemeer and Ter Aar.
http://wn.com/Nieuwkoop -
Noordwijk
http://wn.com/Noordwijk -
Noordwijkerhout
http://wn.com/Noordwijkerhout -
Oegstgeest
Oegstgeest () is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands. Its population was 22,576 in 2008.
http://wn.com/Oegstgeest -
Oostflakkee
http://wn.com/Oostflakkee -
Oud-Beijerland
Oud-Beijerland () is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. With a population of 23,797 in 2005, it is the most populated town on the Hoekse Waard island, located on the Oude Maas and Spui Rivers.
http://wn.com/Oud-Beijerland -
Ouderkerk
http://wn.com/Ouderkerk -
Oxford
Oxford () is a city, and the county town of Oxfordshire, in South East England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 151,000 living within the district boundary. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. For a distance of some along the river, in the vicinity of Oxford, the Thames is known as The Isis.
http://wn.com/Oxford -
Papendrecht
http://wn.com/Papendrecht -
Pieterskerk, Leiden
The Pieterskerk is a late-Gothic church in Leiden dedicated to Saint Peter. It is best known today as the church of the Pilgrim Fathers where John Robinson was buried.
http://wn.com/Pieterskerk_Leiden -
Pijnacker-Nootdorp
http://wn.com/Pijnacker-Nootdorp -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Ridderkerk
http://wn.com/Ridderkerk -
Rijnsburg
(population: 14,941 in 2004) is a community in the eastern part of the city Katwijk, in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The name means Rhines Burg in Dutch.
http://wn.com/Rijnsburg -
Rijnwoude
http://wn.com/Rijnwoude -
Rijswijk
http://wn.com/Rijswijk -
Rotterdam
Rotterdam (; Dutch ) is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland, situated in the west of the Netherlands. The municipality is the second largest in the country, with a population of 603,425 as of March 2010.
http://wn.com/Rotterdam -
Schiedam
Schiedam () is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. It is part of the Rotterdam metropolitan area. The city is located west of Rotterdam, east of Vlaardingen and south of Delft. In the south it is connected with the village of Pernis by the Beneluxtunnel.
http://wn.com/Schiedam -
Schoonhoven
http://wn.com/Schoonhoven -
Sliedrecht
http://wn.com/Sliedrecht -
South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: ) is a province situated on the North Sea in the western part of the Netherlands. The provincial capital is The Hague and its largest city is Rotterdam. The province is the most populated of the 12 provinces.
http://wn.com/South_Holland -
Spijkenisse
http://wn.com/Spijkenisse -
Strijen
http://wn.com/Strijen -
Teylingen
Teylingen () is a municipality in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands. It was created on January 1, 2006, through the amalgamation of Sassenheim, Voorhout, and Warmond. It is named after Castle Teylingen, located on the northern edge of Sassenheim, in Voorhout.
http://wn.com/Teylingen -
The Hague
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
Toruń
http://wn.com/Toruń -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
University of Leiden
http://wn.com/University_of_Leiden -
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University, or simply Oxford) is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the third oldest surviving university and the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back as the 11th century. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
http://wn.com/University_of_Oxford -
Vlaardingen
http://wn.com/Vlaardingen -
Vlist
http://wn.com/Vlist -
Voorschoten
http://wn.com/Voorschoten -
Waddinxveen
http://wn.com/Waddinxveen -
Wassenaar
:Parts of this article have been translated from the of this page
http://wn.com/Wassenaar -
Weigh House (Leiden)
The Leiden Weigh House (De Waag in Dutch) is a Rijksmonument located on Aalmarkt street (nr. 21).
http://wn.com/Weigh_House_(Leiden) -
Westvoorne
http://wn.com/Westvoorne -
Zederik
http://wn.com/Zederik -
Zijlpoort (Leiden)
Zijlpoort is a city gate in Leiden, The Netherlands. The gate was built in 1667 in the classical style according to a design by the Leiden architect Willem van der Helm and with sculpture by Rombout Verhulst. Because the gates have to connect with the city wall as well as with a bridge, the building is in the form of a parallelogram. Together with the Morspoort, the Zijlpoort is the only one of the original eight gates that survive. The name refers to the nearby river, the Zijl. The predecessor of the Zijlpoort stood at the end of the Haarlemmerstraat that is now called the Havenplein.
http://wn.com/Zijlpoort_(Leiden) -
Zoetermeer
http://wn.com/Zoetermeer -
Zoeterwoude
http://wn.com/Zoeterwoude -
Zuidplas
Zuidplas is a new Municipality by 1 january 2010.
http://wn.com/Zuidplas
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Armin Van Buuren
http://wn.com/Armin_Van_Buuren -
Christoffel Plantijn
http://wn.com/Christoffel_Plantijn -
Frans Post
Frans Janszoon Post (Haarlem, 1612 — Haarlem, 1680) was a Dutch painter. He was the first European artist to paint landscapes of the New World. In 1636 he traveled to Dutch Brazil at the invitation of Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen,.
http://wn.com/Frans_Post -
Gabriel Metsu
http://wn.com/Gabriel_Metsu -
Gegard Mousasi
Gegard Mousasi (born August 1, 1985) is a professional Dutch-Armenian mixed martial artist and kickboxer. He is fighting out of Team Jurojin in Leiden, Netherlands and is a member of Russian Red Devil Sport Club. He is the current Dream Lightheavyweight champion, former Dream Middleweight Champion, Cage Warriors Middleweight Champion and the former Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Champion. Both Sherdog.com and MMAweekly.com rank Mousasi as the sixth best light heavyweight in the world. His last loss was to Muhammed Lawal at . He has notable wins over Renato Sobral, Ronaldo Souza, Melvin Manhoef, Evangelista Santos, Hector Lombard, and Dennis Kang.
http://wn.com/Gegard_Mousasi -
Gerard Dou
http://wn.com/Gerard_Dou -
Hendrik Casimir
Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (July 15, 1909 in The Hague, Netherlands – May 4, 2000 in Heeze) was a Dutch physicist best known for his research on the two-fluid model of superconductors (together with C. J. Gorter) in 1934 and the Casimir effect (together with D. Polder) in 1948.
http://wn.com/Hendrik_Casimir -
Hendrik Lorentz
http://wn.com/Hendrik_Lorentz -
Herman Boerhaave
Herman Boerhaave (Voorhout, 31 December 1668 – Leiden, 23 September 1738) was a Dutch botanist, humanist and physician of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital. His main achievement was to demonstrate the relation of symptoms to lesions.
http://wn.com/Herman_Boerhaave -
House of Elzevir
Elzevir is the name of a celebrated family of Dutch booksellers, publishers, and printers of the 17th and early 18th centuries. Although it appears the family was involved with the book trade as early as the 16th century, it is only known for its work in some detail beginning with Lodewijk Elzevir (also called Louis). The family ceased printing in 1712, but a contemporary publisher Elsevier takes its name from this early modern business.
http://wn.com/House_of_Elzevir -
Jacob van Campen
Jacob van Campen (February 2, 1596, Haarlem - September 13, 1657, Amersfoort) was a Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age.
http://wn.com/Jacob_van_Campen -
Jan Steen
http://wn.com/Jan_Steen -
Jan van Goyen
http://wn.com/Jan_van_Goyen -
Johann Bachstrom
http://wn.com/Johann_Bachstrom -
John of Leiden
http://wn.com/John_of_Leiden -
Jouke de Vries
Jouke de Vries (born 26 September 1960, Dearsum) is a professor at Leiden University in Leiden.
http://wn.com/Jouke_de_Vries -
Lieven de Key
Lieven de Key (1560 Ghent — July 17, 1627, Haarlem) was a famous architect in the Netherlands. He became city architect of Haarlem in 1592.
http://wn.com/Lieven_de_Key -
Lodewijk Elzevir
http://wn.com/Lodewijk_Elzevir -
Louis Bonaparte
|align=right
http://wn.com/Louis_Bonaparte -
Love Brewster
Elder Love Brewster (born ca. 1611) was an early American settler, the son of Elder William Brewster and his wife, Mary Brewster. He traveled with his father, mother and brother, Wrestling, on the Mayflower reaching what became the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. Brewster had two sisters, Patience and Fear, and two brothers, Jonathan and Wrestling, along with an unnamed sister who died young. He was a founder of the town of Bridgewater, Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
http://wn.com/Love_Brewster -
Lucas van Leyden
Lucas van Leyden (Leiden, 1494 – 8 August 1533 in Leiden), also named either Lucas Hugensz or Lucas Jacobsz, was a Dutch engraver and painter, born and mainly active in Leiden, who was among the first Dutch exponents of genre painting and is generally regarded as one of the finest engravers in the history of art.
http://wn.com/Lucas_van_Leyden -
Ludolph van Ceulen
Ludolph van Ceulen (28 January 1540 – 31 December 1610) was a German / Dutch mathematician from Hildesheim. Like many Germans during the Catholic Inquisitions, he emigrated to the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Ludolph_van_Ceulen -
Nina Foch
Nina Foch (April 20, 1924 - December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-born American actress and leading lady in many 1940s and 1950s films.
http://wn.com/Nina_Foch -
Otto van Veen
http://wn.com/Otto_van_Veen -
Pancras of Rome
:For things named after Saint Pancras see the disambiguation page: St Pancras. See also Saint Pancras of Taormina and San Pancrazio (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Pancras_of_Rome -
Paul Ehrenfest
http://wn.com/Paul_Ehrenfest -
Pieter de Ring
http://wn.com/Pieter_de_Ring -
Pieter Post
Pieter Jansz Post (baptised May 1, 1608, Haarlem – buried May 8, 1669, The Hague) was a Dutch architect, painter and printmaker.
http://wn.com/Pieter_Post -
Pieter Zeeman
Pieter Zeeman () (25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect.
http://wn.com/Pieter_Zeeman -
Pilgrims
http://wn.com/Pilgrims -
Rembrandt
http://wn.com/Rembrandt -
St Peter
http://wn.com/St_Peter -
Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg (30 August 1883 – 7 March 1931) was a Dutch artist, practicing in painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl.
http://wn.com/Theo_van_Doesburg -
Willebrord Snell
http://wn.com/Willebrord_Snell -
Willebrord Snellius
http://wn.com/Willebrord_Snellius -
Willem Einthoven
Willem Einthoven (Semarang, May 21, 1860 – Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it.
http://wn.com/Willem_Einthoven -
William I of Orange
http://wn.com/William_I_of_Orange -
Wouter Bos
Wouter Jacob Bos (; born July 14, 1963) is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He was Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister in the Cabinet Balkenende IV from February 22, 2007 till February 23, 2010. He has been political leader of the Dutch Labour Party since November 17, 2002 - but announced his retirement from politics on March 12, 2010 .
http://wn.com/Wouter_Bos
Komm schon, laß uns leiden, laß uns träumen geh'n.
Lassen wir uns treiben, ich will das Schwarze seh'n, ich will das Schwarze seh'n!
Ich will leiden, ich will leiden,
lassen wir uns treiben, ich will leiden!
Wir leben Stunden in Sekunden, die Angst ist uns vertraut.
Wir drehen einsam unsere Runden die Nacht ist unsere Braut, die Nacht ist unsere Braut!
Ich will leiden, ich will leiden,
lassen wir uns treiben, ich will leiden!
Komm schon, laß uns leiden, laß uns träumen geh'n.
Lassen wir uns treiben, ich will das Schwarze seh'n, ich will das Schwarze seh'n!
Ich will leiden, ich will leiden,
lassen wir uns treiben, ich will leiden!
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Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Published: 20 Feb 2007
- Updated: 15 Jun 2012
The City of Leiden
http://wn.com/Leiden
Leiden, The Netherlands, 13/10/07
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:28
- Published: 08 Nov 2007
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
Views around the town of Leiden, including the streets, canals and windmills.
http://wn.com/Leiden,_The_Netherlands,_13_10_07
Leiden Netherlands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Published: 25 Dec 2011
- Updated: 25 Dec 2011
Leiden University Promotional DVD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Published: 23 Jun 2007
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
An excerpt from the DVD 'Jewels of Leiden Science', directed by John Twigt. Students and researchers talk about their motivations.
http://wn.com/Leiden_University_Promotional_DVD
Medieval garbage in Leiden University Library
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Published: 28 Feb 2012
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
Dr. Erik Kwakkel discovered a remarkable manuscript in the rich medieval book collection of Leiden University Libraries. It concerns a book from the first half of the eleventh century that is made out of leftovers from animal skins which had been processed to parchment. This is a unique find: never before has such a book been found in a Dutch collection.
http://wn.com/Medieval_garbage_in_Leiden_University_Library
Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:16
- Published: 29 Mar 2012
- Updated: 18 Aug 2012
Compilation of clips I took in the city of Leyden (Leiden), South Holland, The Netherlands. 03.26.12 - 03.28.12 Snow Patrol - Signal Fire Maroon 5 - She Will Be Loved Samsung MultiView (MV800) Digicam
http://wn.com/Leiden
Citymoves - Leiden 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Published: 13 Aug 2009
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
The video report from Citymoves on Sunday the 9th of August in the city center of Leiden!
http://wn.com/Citymoves_Leiden_2009
Dopenez - 14th of October 2011 - Club Incasa Leiden [Official aftermovie]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Published: 17 Nov 2011
- Updated: 29 Jun 2012
This movie is made by [www.boss-graphics.nl] Dopenez, the upcoming part hype of the Netherlands. For the 14th time in a row completely SOLD OUT! This time in Club InCasa Leiden(The Netherlands) Line up: Vato Gonzalez & MC Tjen Artistic Raw Blasterjaxx Bader Santos Adi Adioz Shai Rox Ricardo Castano Loopers Dyro Hosted by MC Vocab ft. MC Caza Dopenez is an event by Boss Events www.dopenez.nl www.boss-events.nl www.bossbusinessgroup.com
http://wn.com/Dopenez_14th_of_October_2011_Club_Incasa_Leiden_Official_aftermovie_
Leiden Special! (7.21.12 - Day 751)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:41
- Published: 22 Jul 2012
- Updated: 12 Aug 2012
This hour long special shows you all there is to see of the City of Leiden. From famous sights like Windmill De Valk to medieval buildings, shopping streets and fresh food markets, people enjoying a drink in the Sun, canals, houseboats and even an old castle on top of a hill overseeing downtown Leiden, all will be revealed! Please enjoy watching and leave a comment! Daily videos in Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Belgium for over 750 consecutive days! Thumb up, share, favorite and comment this video - it's free! [Ø] Share on Twitter: clicktotweet.com [Ø] Our address is: AmsterdamVideo.com Postbus 67047 1060 JA Amsterdam The Netherlands [Ø] AmsterdamVideo on Facebook: facebook.com [Ø] Show your love! Show AmsterdamVideo! shop.amsterdamvideo.com Just for the record: DailyVLOG Carnager 2012-07-21 Day751 VLOG Daily Video Log Blog ビデオブログ 2012年7月21日 amsterdam videolog videoblog netherlands holland Nederland travel shaytards ctfxc "video blog" "Video Blogging" leiden medieval castle building facade canal windmill valk market shop store church stainglass windows ancient history historic tour sightseeing special fun sun terrace
http://wn.com/Leiden_Special!_72112_Day_751
A4 Leiden - Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Published: 15 Feb 2011
- Updated: 28 Jul 2012
The single most important motorway in the Netherlands: A4 from Leiden to Amsterdam. The A4 connects the three largest cities in the Netherlands and was the first 10-lane motorway in the country. It will be widened to 14 lanes by 2012. Recorded Sunday February 13th, 2011
http://wn.com/A4_Leiden_Amsterdam,_Netherlands
Böhse Onkelz - Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Published: 19 Jul 2010
- Updated: 19 Aug 2012
Leiden
http://wn.com/Böhse_Onkelz_Leiden
Leiden City Promotion Film 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Published: 12 Aug 2011
- Updated: 20 May 2012
Leiden, Key to discovery Leiden is a typical university city, hosting the oldest university in the Netherlands (1575). Leiden is also a typical student city and has a rich student life, including many cultural activities, sports and things to do. Many students are members of a student association. The students who live and study in Leiden give the city its relaxed yet vibrant atmosphere. Life in Leiden is greatly influenced by the relatively large number of students, as most of them both live and study in the historic city of Leiden. The large numbers of young people who study here give the city its lively character. Given the city's safe environment and friendly atmosphere, students generally feel at home here very quickly. Studying is without doubt important, but life outside the lecture room is at least as important. Out and about All the student associations, most student houses and many university buildings are located close together in Leiden's historic city centre. Whenever you are in the city centre, walking or cycling along the city's canal-lined streets or in the busy shopping streets, you are sure to meet people you know. And it goes without saying that Leiden has numerous friendly cafs, reasonably priced restaurants and a wealth of art and culture. Cultural activities Art and culture are a major feature of Leiden and they help to make student life enjoyable. There is no other city in the Netherlands that has as many museums within walking distance of one <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Leiden_City_Promotion_Film_2
Old Leiden and its painters.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Published: 14 Oct 2007
- Updated: 31 Dec 2011
Pictures of leiden and its most famous painters, Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Jan van Goyen, Lucas van Leyden and Gerard Dou.
http://wn.com/Old_Leiden_and_its_painters
Lowridin' & cruisin' through Leiden, the Keytown (Netherlands) Lowglider & chopper bikes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Published: 22 Mar 2010
- Updated: 17 Apr 2012
A video of a few KeyTown Cruisers (KTC). We're cruisin' through our hometown Leiden on our customized lowrider & chopper bicycles and havin' a lot of fun! The video is also a small sightseeing tour of Leiden. LOL The music in the video is: Nicotine - You can still... feat. Brainpower, Pete Philly, Rollarock, I Repeat From the album: Nicotine - Bonobo Politics (2002) BMG, The Netherlands The're all Dutch rappers.
http://wn.com/Lowridin'_cruisin'_through_Leiden,_the_Keytown_Netherlands_Lowglider_chopper_bikes
Consert Leiden Estere Nekuzhawekan, Naser Razazi, Osman Ali
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:26
- Published: 09 Jul 2010
- Updated: 01 Aug 2012
Kurdi , Kurdish song , kordi , sna , slemani , mahabad, kurdistan , kurdostan.Estere Nekuzhawekan, Consert Leiden Estere Nekuzhawekan, Naser Razazi, Osman Ali,
http://wn.com/Consert_Leiden_Estere_Nekuzhawekan,_Naser_Razazi,_Osman_Ali
N206 Leiden - De Zilk, NL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Published: 06 Aug 2011
- Updated: 05 Jun 2012
A ride across the N206 provincial highway in the Netherlands, which is a high-standard road with a substandard speed limit in the province of Zuid-Holland. It was originally conceived as a freeway from Den Haag to Haarlem, but only a small section around Katwijk was eventually built with 2x2 lanes, the rest has 1x2 lanes, but is completely grade-separated and has expressway status. Recorded Tuesday August 2nd, 2011
http://wn.com/N206_Leiden_De_Zilk,_NL
Libera - Silent Night (Leiden Concert Footage)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 26 Mar 2008
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
Libera perfoming 'Silent Night' from their Leiden concert back in May 2007, a preview from CPBN with Tom Cully performing solo. This song was recorded for a christmas promotion to US Public Television who aired their concert. This song is NOT featured on their concert DVD and CD which was released back in November 2007.
http://wn.com/Libera_Silent_Night_Leiden_Concert_Footage
New international students welcomed at Leiden University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Published: 07 Feb 2012
- Updated: 04 May 2012
On 2 and 3 February, Leiden University welcomed its new international students with a full two-day introduction programme, including an information fair at Plexus. Janou Zoet checked it out with her camera.
http://wn.com/New_international_students_welcomed_at_Leiden_University
Libera in Leiden Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:33
- Published: 02 Jan 2011
- Updated: 17 Aug 2012
Libera in concert in St. Pieterskerk, Leiden. Netherlands.2007. Songs: Always with you; Ave Maria; Prayer.
http://wn.com/Libera_in_Leiden_Part_1
Netherlands: Trainbridges in Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Published: 22 Jan 2012
- Updated: 17 May 2012
Trains filmed at the Trainbridges in Leiden at the line from Leiden Central to Utrecht, It was filmed last saturday evening. Enjoy it!
http://wn.com/Netherlands_Trainbridges_in_Leiden
Leiden, key to discovery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 06 Oct 2008
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
The city Leiden in The Netherlands is a city full of discoveries. A city of science, innovation and a rich cultural history.
http://wn.com/Leiden,_key_to_discovery
The Women of Factor V Leiden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Published: 06 Dec 2008
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
Factor V Leiden is the most common clotting disorder among women in the United States. It is believed to be responsible for the majority of miscarriages, yet many doctors do not test for the genetic mutation until after a woman has suffered through the loss of her baby. This video is dedicated toward educating other women about FVL and the goal is to someday make it a mandatory test for ALL pregnant women! *First off - I want to thank everyone for being so patient and understanding at the amount of time it took me to complete this project. Most of you know I was out of commission for two months while I recovered from back surgery in September. Many, MANY ladies contributed to this video with dozens of pictures. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to use them all, as some of their formats wouldn't work with the program I used to make the video. I am by no means good with technology - but I tried my hardest and did the best I could with what I had. Also - the video isn't chock-full of factual information. It's simply meant as a tool to spread awareness of our goal to inform others of our disorder AND to hope that more prenatal tests include bloodwork for thrombophilia. Since specific medical information on how to treat pregnant women with FVL/thrombophilia is always changing - I opted out of giving specific details of treatment during pregnancy. Again, thank you everyone and please feel free to post the video to your own web page, myspace, facebook or wherever! I just hope that we <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Women_of_Factor_V_Leiden
Queen @ Leiden '86
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Published: 21 Mar 2006
- Updated: 19 Jun 2012
Short clip
http://wn.com/Queen_@_Leiden_'86
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Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung
Foto: Unicef
Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung
Photo: AP / Yomiuri Shimbun, Masataka Morita
17 Aug 2012
Japan is preparing to deport a group of 14 Chinese, including activists, boat crew and journalists, who sailed to disputed islands, reports say. Police have questioned the group and they are being...
Photo: AP / Ariel Schalit
18 Aug 2012
They have recently been issued with documents labelling them as South Sudanese – despite holding passports showing they were born in areas that remain in Sudan. Four migrants from the Republic of...
Photo: AP / Mikhail Metzel
18 Aug 2012
The two-year prison sentence for Russian punk band Pussy Riot has drawn worldwide condemnation. Politicians and human rights activists see the verdict as being politically motivated and way too harsh....
Photo: AP / Evan Schneider
17 Aug 2012
These jihadists, who have gravitated to Syria from Britain, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Iraq, among other countries, are directed by Washington, London and Paris in time-honoured fashion of these...
Photo: AP / Evan Vucci
18 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling "No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable." -Adam Smith The Republicans and...
Fluglinien leiden am meisten unter dem Fehlstart
16 Aug 2012
Wall Street Journal
Von KIRSTEN BIENK und BARBARA MILLNER Bild vergrößern Schließen Immer neue Verzögerungen beim Start des Berliner Großflughafens treffen vor allem Deutschlands Fluggesellschaften. Lufthansa und Air Berlin leiden am meisten. Aber auch andere Branchen stehen unter Druck....(size: 8.4Kb)
Indian Express
Grandmaster and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi outclassed Benjamin Bok of the Netherlands in the ninth and final round to finish sole second in the Leiden International chess tournament that concluded here. Having lost to David Howell of England...(size: 1.6Kb)
Negi is still in the joint lead Leiden: Grandmaster and Asian Champion Parimarjan Negi continued ...
15 Jul 2012
The Telegraph India
Negi is still in the joint lead Leiden: Grandmaster and Asian Champion Parimarjan Negi continued his excellent run as he crashed through the defence of GM Vegeny Vorobiov of Russia in the seventh round of Leiden International chess tournament. Negi took his tally to six points out of...(size: 1.9Kb)
The Hindu
Grandmaster Parimarjan Negi rose to the occasion and put it across Bartosz Socko of Poland to jump to joint lead after the sixth round of the Leiden International chess tournament in the Netherlands. After the lone rest day, the Asian champion Indian in the fray put in his best and Socko did not...(size: 2.5Kb)
Negi is now joint second Leiden (The Netherlands): Grandmaster and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi scored ...
12 Jul 2012
The Telegraph India
Negi is now joint second Leiden (The Netherlands): Grandmaster and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi scored a clinical victory over Frank Erwich of Holland to jump to joint second spot after the end of the fifth round of the 6th Leiden International chess tournament here. On what turned...(size: 1.9Kb)
De Jong holds Negi Leiden: GM and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi slipped to joint sixth ...
11 Jul 2012
The Telegraph India
De Jong holds Negi Leiden: GM and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi slipped to joint sixth spot after he was held by IM Jan-Willem De Jong of Holland in the 6th Leiden International chess tournament. After conceding a draw in the second round, this was Negi's second draw, but contrary to the previous...(size: 1.9Kb)
Negi held by Rijnaarts in Leiden chess tourney
08 Jul 2012
The Hindu
Grandmaster and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi suffered a setback drawing with Sjef Rijnaarts of Holland in the second round of the sixth edition of Leiden International chess tournament. After scoring an easy victory in the opener, Negi, the second youngest Grandmaster ever, fell prey to some...(size: 3.1Kb)
Wall Street Journal
Von JAMES R. HAGERTY und DANA MATTIOLI Europa ist eine einzige Krise, China eine Enttäuschung. Entsprechend nervös werden die Investoren in den nächsten Wochen in die USA schauen, wenn die Konzerne dort ihre Quartalszahlen veröffentlichen. Sie werden ganz genau schauen, ob es...(size: 7.4Kb)
Negi joint second in Leiden chess tourney
28 Jun 2012
Zeenews
Leiden (The Netherlands): Grandmaster and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi scored a clinical victory over Frank Erwich of Holland to jump to joint second spot after the end of the fifth round of the 6th Leiden International chess tournament here. Having drawn the previous game against local...(size: 2.6Kb)
Negi to meet Socko in Leiden chess tourney
28 Jun 2012
Zeenews
Leiden (The Netherlands): Grandmaster and Asian champion Parimarjan Negi will meet Polish GM Bartosz Socko in the sixth round of the Leiden International chess tournament here. Negi is poised for a podium finish but for that the Indian star will have to tackle strong opponents in the remaining four...(size: 3.1Kb)
"Leyden" redirects here. For other uses, see Leyden (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011) |
| Leiden | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Municipality — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 52°10′N 4°29′E / 52.16°N 4.49°E / 52.16; 4.49 | |||
| Country | Netherlands | ||
| Province | South Holland | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Henri Lenferink | ||
| Area(2006) | |||
| • Total | 23.16 km2 (8.94 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 21.99 km2 (8.49 sq mi) | ||
| • Water | 1.16 km2 (0.45 sq mi) | ||
| Population (1 April 2011) | |||
| • Total | 117,914 | ||
| • Density | 5,100/km2 (13,000/sq mi) | ||
| Source: CBS, Statline. | |||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Post code range | 2300–2334 | ||
| Area code(s) | 071 | ||
| Website | www.leiden.nl | ||
Leiden (Dutch pronunciation: [Ë?lÉ›i̯.dÉ™(n)] (
listen); in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. The municipality of Leiden has a population of about 120,000, but the city forms one densely connected urban area with its suburbs Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, which have about 254,000 inhabitants combined. The larger Leiden agglomeration counts 332,000 inhabitants which makes it the sixth major agglomeration in the Netherlands. Leiden is located on the Old Rhine, at a distance of some 20 kilometers from The Hague to its south and some 40 kilometers from Amsterdam to its north. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden.
A university city since 1575, Leiden houses Leiden University and Leiden University Medical Centre. It is twinned with Oxford, the location of England's oldest university.
Contents |
History[link]
It is true that Leiden is an old city, its connection with Roman Lugdunum Batavorum is true though it is actually near the close-by town of Katwijk,[1] whereas the Roman settlement near modern Leiden was called Matilo. However, there was a Roman fortress in Leiden in the 4th century.[citation needed]
Leiden formed on an artificial hill (today called the Burcht van Leiden) at the confluence of the rivers Oude and Nieuwe Rijn (Old and New Rhine). In the oldest reference to this, from circa 860, the settlement was called Leithon. The landlord of Leiden, situated in a stronghold on the hill, was initially subject to the Bishop of Utrecht but around 1100 the burgraves became subject to the county of Holland. This county got its name in 1101 from a domain near the stronghold: Holtland or Holland.
Leiden was sacked in 1047 by Emperor Henry III. Early 13th century, Ada, Countess of Holland took refuge here when she was fighting in a civil war against her uncle, William I, Count of Holland. He besieged the stronghold and captured Ada.
Leiden received city rights in 1266. In 1389, its population had grown to about 4000 persons.
Siege of 1420[link]
In 1420, during the Hook and Cod wars, Duke John of Bavaria along with his army marched from Gouda in the direction of Leiden in order to conquer the city since Leiden did not pay the new Count of Holland Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut, his niece and only daughter of Count William VI of Holland. The army was well equipped and had some guns.
Burgrave Filips of Wassenaar and the other local Hoekse noblemen assumed that the duke would besiege Leiden first and send small units out to conquer the surrounding citadels. But John of Bavaria chose to attack the citadels first.
He rolled the cannons with his army but one too heavy went per ship. By firing at the walls and gates with iron balls the citadels fell one by one. Within a week John of Bavaria conquered the castles of Poelgeest, Ter Does, Hoichmade, de Zijl, ter Waerd, Warmond and de Paddenpoel.
On 24 June the army appeared before the walls of Leiden. On 17 August 1420, after a two-month siege the city surrendered to John of Bavaria. The burgrave Filips of Wassenaar was stripped of his offices and rights and lived out his last years in captivity.
16th to 18th centuries[link]
.JPG)
Leiden flourished in the 16th and 17th century. At the close of the 15th century the weaving establishments (mainly broadcloth) of Leiden were very important, and after the expulsion of the Spaniards Leiden cloth, Leiden baize and Leiden camlet were familiar terms.[citation needed] In the same period, Leiden developed an important printing and publishing industry. The influential printer Christoffel Plantijn lived there at one time. One of his pupils was Lodewijk Elzevir (1547–1617), who established the largest bookshop and printing works in Leiden, a business continued by his descendants through 1712 and the name subsequently adopted (in a variant spelling) by contemporary publisher Elsevier.[citation needed]
In 1572, the city sided with the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule and played an important role in the Eighty Years' War. Besieged from May until October 1574 by the Spanish, Leiden was relieved by the cutting of the dikes, thus enabling ships to carry provisions to the inhabitants of the flooded town. As a reward for the heroic defence of the previous year, the University of Leiden was founded by William I of Orange in 1575. Yearly on 3 October, the end of the siege is still celebrated in Leiden. Tradition tells that the citizens were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from taxes and chose the university. The siege is notable also for being the first instance in Europe of the issuance of paper money, with paper taken from prayer books being stamped using coin dies when silver ran out.[2]
Leiden is also known as the place where the Pilgrims (as well as some of the first settlers of New Amsterdam)[3][4] lived (and operated a printing press)[5] for a time in the early 17th century before their departure to Massachusetts and New Amsterdam in the New World.[6]
In the 17th century, Leiden prospered, in part because of the impetus to the textile industry by refugees from Flanders. While the city had lost about a third of its 15,000 citizens during the siege of 1574, it quickly recovered to 45,000 inhabitants in 1622, and may have come near to 70,000 circa 1670. During the Dutch Golden Era, Leiden was the second largest city of Holland, after Amsterdam.[citation needed]
From the late 17th century onwards Leiden slumped, mainly due to the decline of the cloth industries. In the beginning of the 19th century the baize manufacture was altogether given up, although industry remained central to Leiden economy. This decline is painted vividly by the fall in population. The population of Leiden had sunk to 30,000 between 1796 and 1811, and in 1904 was 56,044.[citation needed]
From the 17th to the early 19th century, Leiden was the publishing place of one of the most important contemporary journals, Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits, known also as Gazette de Leyde.[citation needed]
19th and 20th century[link]
On 12 January 1807, a catastrophe struck the city when a boat loaded with 17,400 kg of gunpowder blew up in the middle of Leiden. 151 persons were killed, over 2000 were injured and some 220 homes were destroyed. King Louis Bonaparte personally visited the city to provide assistance to the victims. Although located in the center of the city, the area destroyed remained empty for many years. In 1886 the space was turned into a public park.[citation needed]
In 1842, the railroad from Leiden to Haarlem was inaugurated and one year later the railway to Den Haag was completed, resulting in some social and economic improvement. Perhaps the most important piece of Dutch history contributed by Leiden was the Constitution of the Netherlands. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1798–1872) wrote the Dutch Constitution in April 1848 in his house at Garenmarkt 9 in Leiden.
Leiden's reputation as the "city of books" continued through the 19th century with the establishment of publishing dynasties by Evert Jan Brill and Albertus Willem Sijthoff.[7] Sijthoff, who rose to prominence in the trade of translated books, wrote a letter in 1899 to Queen Wilhelmina regarding his opposition to becoming a signatory to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. He felt that international copyright restrictions would stifle the Dutch publishing industry.[8]
Leiden began to expand beyond its 17th century moats around 1896 and the number of citizens surpassed 50,000 in 1900. After 1920, new industries were established in the city, such as the canning and metal industries. During World War II, Leiden was hit hard by Allied bombardments. The areas surrounding the railway station and Marewijk were almost completely destroyed.
Leiden today[link]
The city's biggest and most popular annual festival is 3 Oktober or "3 October," which celebrates the end of the Spanish siege of 1574. It typically takes place over the course of four days and includes parades, a hutspot feast, historical reenactments, a carnival and other events. In recent years, however, the annual festival has drawn criticism for drunken and unruly behavior from attendees.[9]
Leiden has important functions as a shopping and trade center for communities around the city. The University of Leiden is famous for its many developments including Snells law (by Willebrord Snellius), the famous Leyden jar, a capacitor made from a glass jar, invented in Leiden by Pieter van Musschenbroek in 1746. Another development was in cryogenics: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1913 Nobel prize winner in physics) liquefied helium for the first time (1908) and later managed to reach a temperature of less than one degree above the absolute minimum. Albert Einstein also spent some time at Leiden University during his early to middle career.
The city also houses the Eurotransplant, the international organization responsible for the mediation and allocation of organ donation procedures in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Slovenia. Leiden also houses the headquarters of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company N.V. (EADS), a global pan-European aerospace and defence corporation and a leading defence and military contractor worldwide. The group includes Airbus, the leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft worldwide.
Rivers, canals and parks[link]
The two branches of the Old Rhine, which enter Leiden on the east, unite in the centre of the town. The town is further intersected by numerous small canals with tree-bordered quays. On the west side of the town, the Hortus Botanicus and other gardens extend along the old Singel, or outer canal. The Leidse Hout park, which contains a small deer park, lies on the northwest border with Oegstgeest. The Van der Werf Park is named after the mayor Pieter Adriaansz. van der Werff, who defended the town against the Spaniards in 1574. The town was beleaguered for months and many died from famine. The open space for the park was formed by the accidental explosion of a ship loaded with gunpowder in 1807, which destroyed hundreds of houses, including that of the Elsevier family of printers.
Buildings of interest[link]
Because of the economic decline from the 17th to the early 20th century[citation needed], much of the 16th and 17th century town centre is still intact. It is reportedly the second largest 17th century town centre in the Netherlands, the largest being Amsterdam's town centre.
Fortifications[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
At the strategically important junction of the two arms of the Old Rhine stands the old castle de Burcht, a circular tower built on an earthen mound. The mound probably was a refuge against high water before a small wooden fortress was built on top of it in the 11th century. The citadel is a so-called motte-and-bailey castle. Of Leiden's old city gates only two are left, the Zijlpoort and the Morspoort, both dating from the end of the 17th century. Apart from one small watch tower on the Singel nothing is left of the town's city walls. Another former fortification is the Gravensteen. Built as a fortress in the 13th century it has since served as house, library and prison. Presently it is one of the University's buildings.
Churches[link]
The chief of Leiden's numerous churches are the Hooglandse Kerk (or the church of St Pancras, built in the 15th century and containing a monument to Pieter Adriaansz. van der Werff) and the Pieterskerk (church of St Peter (1315) with monuments to Scaliger, Boerhaave and other famous scholars. From a historical perspective the Marekerk is interesting too. Arent van 's Gravesande designed that church in 1639. Other fine examples of his work in Leiden are in the Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal (the municipal museum of fine arts), and the Bibliotheca Thysiana. The growing town needed another church and the Marekerk was the first church to be built in Leiden (and in Holland) after the Reformation. It is an example of Dutch Classicism. In the drawings by Van 's Gravesande the pulpit is the centrepiece of the church. The pulpit is modelled after the one in the Nieuwe Kerk at Haarlem (designed by Jacob van Campen). The building was first used in 1650, and is still in use.
University buildings[link]
The town centre contains many buildings that are in use by the University of Leiden. The Academy Building is housed in a former 16th century convent. Among the institutions connected with the university are the national institution for East Indian languages, ethnology and geography; the botanical gardens, founded in 1587; the observatory (1860); the museum of antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden); and the ethnographical museum, of which P. F. von Siebold's Japanese collections was the nucleus (Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde). The Bibliotheca Thysiana occupies an old Renaissance building of the year 1655. It is especially rich in legal works and vernacular chronicles. Noteworthy are also the many special collections at Leiden University Library among which those of the Society of Dutch Literature (1766) and the collection of casts and engravings. In recent years the university has built the Bio Science Park at the city's outskirts to accommodate the Science departments.[citation needed]
Other buildings[link]
Some other interesting buildings are the town hall (Stadhuis), a 16th century building that was badly damaged by a fire in 1929 but has its Renaissance façade designed by Lieven de Key still standing; the Gemeenlandshuis van Rijnland (1596, restored in 1878); De Waag (weigh house in Dutch), built by Pieter Post; the former court-house (Gerecht); a corn-grinding windmill, now home to a museum (Molen de Valk) (1743); the old gymnasium (Latijnse School) (1599) and the city carpenter's yard and wharf (Stadstimmerwerf) (1612), both built by Lieven de Key (c. 1560–1627). Another building of interest is the "pesthuis", which was built at that time just outside the city for curing patients suffering the bubonic plague. However, after it was built the feared disease did not occur in the Netherlands anymore so it was never used for its original purpose, it now serves as the entrance of Naturalis, one of the largest natural history museums in the world.
Public transport[link]
Bus lines[link]
- Connexxion Region West:[10]
Railway[link]
- Railway stations: Leiden Centraal, Leiden Lammenschans, De Vink
To plan a train journey follow the link[13]
Leiden is on the planned route of the RijnGouweLijn, the Netherland's first Light rail project. This project has, however been shelved for the foreseeable time.
Notable inhabitants[link]
- See also People from Leiden
The following is a selection of important Leidenaren throughout history:
- Rembrandt van Rijn, 1606–1669, painter.
- Ludolph van Ceulen, 1540–1610, mathematician, computed Pi.
- Marinus van der Lubbe, 1909–1934, accused of setting fire to the Reichstag in Berlin.
- Herman Boerhaave, 1668–1738, humanist and physician.
- Jan Steen, 1626–1679, painter.
- Gegard Mousasi, 1985–, Professional MMA fighter of Armenian descent.[14]
- Johann Bachstrom, 1688–1742, writer, scientist and Lutheran theologian.
- Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, 1697–1770, anatomist.
- Love Brewster, 1611-1650/1, pilgrim.
- William Brewster, 1567–1644, pilgrim.
- William Bradford, 1590–1657, pilgrim, leader of the American Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts.
- Gerard Dou, 1613–1675, painter.
- Jouke de Vries, 1960, professor at Leiden university, runner-up candidate for the PVDA elections in 2002 (lost to Wouter Bos), currently resides at Leiden.
- Cornelius Engelbrechtszoon, 1468–1533, painter.
- Jan van Goyen, 1596–1656, painter.
- John of Leiden, 1509?–1536, leader of the Anabaptist Münster Rebellion.
- Philipp Franz Bathasar von Siebold, 1796–1866, physician, collector, 'Japanologist'.
- Lucas van Leyden, 1494–1533, engraver and painter.
- Gabriel Metsu, 1629–1667, painter.
- Frans Post, 1612–1680, painter.
- Pieter de Ring, ca 1615–1660, painter
- Theo van Doesburg, 1883–1931, painter, architect, writer.
- Willebrord Snell, 1580–1626, astronomer and mathematician.
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals, 1837–1923, physicist.
- Hendrik Lorentz, 1853–1928, physicist.
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, 1853–1926, physicist.
- Pieter Zeeman, 1865–1943, physicist.
- Willem de Sitter, 1872–1934, mathematician, physicist, astronomer.
- Paul Ehrenfest, 1880–1933, physicist.
- Hendrik Casimir, 1909–2000, physicist.
- Jan Hendrik Oort, 1900–1992, astronomer.
- Willem Einthoven, 1860–1927, physician, physiologist.
- Pieter Adriaansz. van der Werff, 1529–1604, mayor of Leiden.
- William II, 1228–1256, count of Holland, later also king of Germany.
- Gottfried van Swieten, 1733–1803, diplomat, friendship and collaboration with several great composers.
- Nina Foch, 1924–2008, actress/ acting teacher.
- Armin Van Buuren, 1976–, music/ DJ.
Town twinning[link]
Leiden's twin towns are:
Miscellaneous[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
- The coat of arms of Leiden is two red keys, crossed in an X-shape on a white background. These keys are those to the gates of heaven held by St.Peter, for whom a large church in the city center is named. Because of this coat of arms, Leiden is referred to as the "Sleutelstad" ("the key city").[citation needed]
- For a time Leiden held the title "The Coldest Place on Earth" because of the developments in cryogenics in a laboratory there. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1913 Nobel prize winner in physics) liquefied helium for the first time (1908), and later managed to reach a temperature of less than one degree above Absolute zero.
- The Norwegian cheese "nøkkelost" ("key cheese") is named after the keys in coat of arms of Leyden, as it is a variation of Leyden cheese.
- The following places and things are named after this city:
- Leyden, New York, USA
- Leyden, Massachusetts, USA
- Leyden High School District 212 in Franklin Park, Illinois, USA.
- Leiden scale, for measuring extreme low temperatures.
- Factor V Leiden is named after the city of Leiden where it was discovered in 1994.
- The Leyden jar, a capacitor made from a glass jar, was invented here by Pieter van Musschenbroek in 1746. It was actually first invented by Ewald Georg von Kleist the year before, but the name "Leyden jar" stuck.
Adjacent municipalities[link]
Clockwise:
See also[link]
- Leiden Classical A distributed computing project
- Wireless Leiden
- Oudt Leyden, former Michelin starred restaurant
References[link]
- ^ Jona Lendering. "Towns in Germania Inferior: Lugdunum (Brittenburg)". Livius.org. http://www.livius.org/ga-gh/germania/lugdunum.html. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ http://www.thecurrencycollector.com/pdfs/Siege_Notes_-_Windows_to_the_Past_Part_I.pdf
- ^ "The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society – Access Denied". Newyorkfamilyhistory.org. http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=printpage&artid=40. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "The Pilgrim Press". Pilgrimhall.org. 18 May 2005. http://www.pilgrimhall.org/pilpress.htm. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ "The Dutch Door to America". Americanheritage.com. April 1999. http://www.americanheritage.com/content/dutch-door-america. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- ^ "History: Leiden, city of books". Burgersdijk & Niermans. http://www.b-n.nl/new_index.php?page=history. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ "The Netherlands and the Berne Convention". The Publishers' circular and booksellers' record of British and foreign literature, Vol. 71. Sampson Low, Marston & Co.. 1899. p. 597. http://books.google.com/books?id=IGtNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA597&lpg=PA597&dq=Albertus+Willem+Sijthoff. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ "The Horrors of 3 Oktober". Another World Blog. http://anotherworldblog.wordpress.com/2011/10/03/the-horrors-of-3-oktober-a-rant-in-l-minor/. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ Tijd : Vertrek Aankomst. "Dienstverlening voor iedereen die met de trein reist. " NS voor reizigers " NS reizigers". Ns.nl. http://www.ns.nl. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ "Middleweight Rankings – MMA WEEKLY – Mixed Martial Arts & UFC News, Photos, Rankings & more". Mma Weekly. 2 June 2010. http://mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/topten.asp?articleid=14&zoneid=15. Retrieved 11 June 2010. [dead link]
External links[link]
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Coordinates: 52°10′N 4°29′E / 52.167°N 4.483°E / 52.167; 4.483
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
3:51
N206 Leiden - De Zilk, NL
aswchris
N206 Leiden - De Zilk, NL
A ride across the N206 provincial highway in the Netherlands, which is a high-standard road with a substandard speed limit in the province of Zuid-Holland. It was originally conceived as a freeway from Den Haag to Haarlem, but only a small section around Katwijk was eventually built with 2x2 lanes, the rest has 1x2 lanes, but is completely grade-separated and has expressway status. Recorded Tuesday August 2nd, 2011
3:32
Libera - Silent Night (Leiden Concert Footage)
LiberaUSA
Libera - Silent Night (Leiden Concert Footage)
Libera perfoming 'Silent Night' from their Leiden concert back in May 2007, a preview from CPBN with Tom Cully performing solo. This song was recorded for a christmas promotion to US Public Television who aired their concert. This song is NOT featured on their concert DVD and CD which was released back in November 2007.
1:44
New international students welcomed at Leiden University
LeidenUniversity
New international students welcomed at Leiden University
On 2 and 3 February, Leiden University welcomed its new international students with a full two-day introduction programme, including an information fair at Plexus. Janou Zoet checked it out with her camera.
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