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Anaheim, California
Anaheim () is a city in Orange County, California. As of January 1, 2010, the city population was about 353,643, slightly less than Santa Ana, making it the 10th most-populated city in California, and ranked 54th in the United States. The city anticipates that the population will surpass 400,000 by 2014 due to rapid development in its Platinum Triangle area as well as in Anaheim Hills. The Platinum Triangle is the fastest growing area in Orange County. Anaheim is the second most populous city in Orange County (after Santa Ana) and second largest in terms of land area (after Irvine), and is known for its theme parks, sports teams and convention center.
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Burbank, California
Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The estimated population in 2007 was 107,921.
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Celebration, Florida
Celebration is a census-designated place (CDP) and a master-planned community in Osceola County, Florida, United States, near Walt Disney World Resort. It was developed by The Walt Disney Company. Celebration is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,736 at the 2000 census, but as of 2010 is estimated to be more than 11,000 persons.
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Disney University
The Disney University (DU) is not an accredited institution, but rather a job training location for Disney employees (known as Cast Members) located at Walt Disney World near Orlando Florida, Disneyland's Team Disney Anaheim, near Disneyland Paris and Burbank's Team Disney Headquarters. The Walt Disney World building is located behind the Magic Kingdom, across from the employee parking lot. It is primarily used to orient new Cast Members, Walt Disney World College Program student interns, and Walt Disney World International Program participants. Other training that takes place at Disney University includes location-specific training (Food and Beverage, Front Desk, Merchandise, Guest Relations, etc.), many training updates, and the 'Foundations' series of classes for salaried leaders.
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Disneyland
Disneyland Park is a theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division of The Walt Disney Company. Originally, and still often colloquially, called Disneyland, it was dedicated with a televised press preview on July 17, 1955, and opened to the general public on July 18, 1955. Disneyland holds the distinction of being the only theme park to be designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney himself. In 1998, the theme park was re-branded "Disneyland Park" to distinguish it from the larger Disneyland Resort complex.
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Disneyland Paris
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Disneyland Resort
The Disneyland Resort is a recreational resort that opened in 1955 in Anaheim, California. The resort is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks and Resorts division and is home to two theme parks, three hotels and a shopping, dining, and entertainment area.
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Dreamworks SKG
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Epcot
Epcot is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort, located near Orlando, Florida. The park is dedicated to international culture and technological innovation. The second park built at the resort, it opened on October 1, 1982 and was named EPCOT Center until 1994.
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Golden Oak Ranch
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Hong Kong Disneyland
Hong Kong Disneyland () is the first theme park inside the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and is owned and managed by the Hong Kong International Theme Parks.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Intel
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Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is a public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system (OS) market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of OSs. The ensuing rise of stock in the company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) made an estimated four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Microsoft would come to dominate other markets as well, notably the office suite market with Microsoft Office.
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Orlando, Florida
Orlando () is a major city in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Orange County and the center of the Greater Orlando metropolitan region. The Orlando metropolitan area has a population of 2,082,628 and it is the 27th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The city-proper population is 235,860 making Orlando the 80th largest city in the United States. It is Florida's fifth largest city by population. Orlando was incorporated on July 31, 1875, and became a city in 1885.
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Pixar
Pixar Animation Studios is an American CGI animation film studio based in Emeryville, California, United States. As of 2006, Pixar is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The studio has earned twenty-four Academy Awards, six Golden Globes, and three Grammys, among many other awards, acknowledgments and achievements and has made $5.5 billion worldwide. It is one of the most (according to Rotten Tomatoes, perhaps the single most) critically acclaimed film studios of all time. It is best known for its CGI-animated feature films which are created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, its own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering API used to generate high-quality images.
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The Broadway Theatre
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The Prospect Studios
The Prospect Studios (also known as ABC Television Center [West]) is a lot containing several television studios located at 4151 Prospect Avenue in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, at the corner of Prospect and Talmadge Avenues (named in honor of silent screen star Norma Talmadge), just east of Hollywood. For over fifty years, this facility served as the West Coast headquarters of the American Broadcasting Company, before the network moved its main headquarters to the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. From 1949 to 1999, the ABC-owned Los Angeles television station, KABC-TV, was also located there. The station moved to a new state of the art facility located on a portion of Disney's Grand Central Creative Campus (GC3) in nearby Glendale, California in December 1999.
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Times Square Studios
Times Square Studios (TSS) is an American television studio located in the Times Square neighborhood of the Manhattan borough of New York City, New York. The studio is best known as the production home of ABC News' Good Morning America (GMA), a morning news and talk program and segments for GMA on ABC News Now.
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Tokyo Disneyland
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Alan Bryman
Alan Bryman is currently Professor of Organisational and Social Research at the University of Leicester. He is best known for three main areas of work. Bryman has long been associated with research methods and in particular the use of mixed methods; this led to him publishing the book Social Research Methods and Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS 12 and 13: A Guide for Social Scientists with Duncan Cramer. His Quantity and Quality In Social Research (1988) is yet another significant contribution in the field of research methods.
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Alan N. Braverman
Alan N. Braverman is the senior executive vice president, secretary and general counsel of The Walt Disney Company.
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Ariel Dorfman
Vladimiro Ariel Dorfman (born May 6, 1942) is an Argentine-Chilean-American novelist, playwright, essayist, academic, and human rights activist. A citizen of the United States since 2004, he has been a professor of literature and Latin American Studies at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina since 1985.
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Armand Mattelart
Armand Mattelart (born January 8, 1936) is a Belgian sociologist and well known as a Leftist French scholar. His work deals with media, culture and communication, specially in their historical and international dimensions.
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Aylwin Lewis
Aylwin B. Lewis (born May 28, 1954) is an African American businessman. He is formerly the Chief Executive Officer and President of Sears Holdings Corporation and currently the CEO of Potbelly Sandwich Works.
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Bob Iger
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Bob Weinstein
Robert "Bob" Weinstein (born 1954) is an American film and theatre producer, the founder and head of Dimension Films, former co-chairman of Miramax Films, and current head, with his brother Harvey Weinstein, of The Weinstein Company.
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Card Walker
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Charles Mintz
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Citigroup
Citigroup Inc. (branded Citi) is a major American financial services company based in New York City. Citigroup was formed from one of the world's largest mergers in history by combining the banking giant Citicorp and financial conglomerate Travelers Group on April 7, 1998.
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David Geffen
David Geffen (born February 21, 1943) is an American record executive, film producer, theatrical producer and philanthropist. Geffen is noted for creating Asylum Records in 1970 (which was sold to the Warner Music Group who merged it with Elektra Records in 1972 to form Elektra/Asylum Records), and Geffen Records in 1980, along with his later role as one of the three founders of DreamWorks SKG in 1994.
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Dick Cook
Richard W. "Dick" Cook is the former Chairman of the Walt Disney Studios. At the time of his separation from the company, he was the only remaining top Disney executive who had worked for the company since before Michael Eisner took charge in 1984. Cook holds a degree in political science from the University of Southern California (USC).
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Donn Tatum
http://wn.com/Donn_Tatum -
E. Cardon Walker
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Fess Parker
Fess Elisha Parker, Jr. (August 16, 1924 – March 18, 2010) was an American film and television actor best known for his 1950s portrayals of Davy Crockett for Walt Disney and his late 1960s portrayals of Daniel Boone. He was also known as a wine maker and resort owner-operator.
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Frank Wells
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Fred Langhammer
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George J. Mitchell
:For other persons with a similar name, see George Mitchell.
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Grimm Brothers
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Haim Saban
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Harvey Weinstein
Harvey Weinstein, CBE (Hon) (March 19, 1952) is an American film producer and movie studio chairman. He is best known as co-founder of Miramax Films. He and his brother Bob have been co-chairmen of The Weinstein Company, their film production company, since 2005. He has won an Academy Award for producing Shakespeare in Love, and has garnered seven Tony Awards for producing a variety of winning plays and musicals including The Producers, Billy Elliot the Musical, and .
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James B. Stewart
James Bennett Stewart (born c.1952) is an American lawyer, journalist, and author.
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Jerry Bruckheimer
Jerome Leon "Jerry" Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1945) is an American film and television producer. He has achieved great success in the genres of action, drama, and science fiction. His best known television series are ', ', , Without a Trace, Cold Case, The Amazing Race, and Dark Blue. His best known movies include Beverly Hills Cop, Top Gun, The Rock, Con Air, Coyote Ugly, Crimson Tide, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Gone in 60 Seconds, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Pirates of the Caribbean, G Force, King Arthur, and the National Treasure franchise.
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John E. Pepper, Jr.
John E. Pepper, Jr. serves as chief executive officer of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center and chairman of the board of The Walt Disney Company. Previously, he served as vice president of finance and administration at Yale University from January 2004 to December 2005. Prior to that, he served as chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors of The Procter & Gamble Company until December 2003. In May 2007, Yale University Press published Pepper's book "What Really Matters," entailing his experience with service, leadership, people, and values.
http://wn.com/John_E_Pepper_Jr -
John Lasseter
John Alan Lasseter (born January 12, 1957) is an American animator, director and the chief creative officer at Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios. He is also currently the Principal Creative Advisor for Walt Disney Imagineering.
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John S. Chen
John S. Chen (born July 1, 1955) is chairman, chief executive officer and president of Sybase, Inc. A recognized expert on global business and international trade, he is also a director of Wells Fargo & Company.
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Judith Estrin
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Julie Andrews
Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews, DBE ( Wells; born 1 October 1935) is an English film and stage actress, singer, and author. She is the recipient of Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, Screen Actors Guild and Academy Award honours. Andrews was a former British child actress and singer who made her Broadway debut in 1954 with The Boy Friend, and rose to prominence starring in other musicals such as My Fair Lady and Camelot, and in musical films such as Mary Poppins (1964), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and The Sound of Music (1965): the roles for which she is still best-known. Her voice spanned four octaves until it was damaged by a throat operation in 1997.
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Kurt Russell
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Lee De Forest
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Margaret J. Winkler
Margaret J. Winkler (or M. J. Winkler) was one of the key figures in , having a crucial role to play in the histories of Max and Dave Fleischer, Pat Sullivan, Otto Messmer, and Walt Disney. She was also the first woman to produce and distribute animated films.
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Michael Ovitz
Michael S. Ovitz (born December 14, 1946) is an American talent agent who co-founded Creative Artists Agency (CAA) in 1975 and served as its chairman until 1995; Mr. Ovitz also served as President of the Walt Disney Company, from October 1995 to January 1997.
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Orin C. Smith
Orin C. Smith was President and Chief Executive Officer of Starbucks Corporation from 2000 to 2005. He joined Starbucks as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 1990, became President and Chief Operating Officer in 1994, and became a director of Starbucks in 1996. Prior to joining Starbucks, Mr. Smith spent a total of 14 years with Deloitte & Touche. Mr. Smith is a director of Nike, Inc. and Washington Mutual and serves on the Advisory Board for the University of Washington School of Business, the University of Washington Medicine Board of Directors and the Board of Directors of Conservation International. Mr. Smith has been a Director of The Walt Disney Company since 2006.
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Raymond Watson
Raymond L. Watson was Chairman of Walt Disney Productions from 1983-1984, and served on the Disney Board from 1972 until March 2004. He was the former president of The Irvine Company, and served as chief planner for The Irvine Company during the 60s and 70s.
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Robert A. M. Stern
Robert Arthur Morton Stern, usually credited as Robert A. M. Stern, (born May 23, 1939) is an American architect and Dean of the Yale University School of Architecture.
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Robert Iger
Robert Alan "Bob" Iger (born February 10, 1951) is the president and chief executive officer of The Walt Disney Company. He was named president of the company in 2000, and later succeeded Michael Eisner as chief executive in 2005. Iger oversaw the acquisitions of Pixar in 2006 and of Marvel Entertainment in 2009.
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Robert Matschullat
Robert W. Matschullat is a private equity investor, and served from October 1995 until June 2000 as Vice Chairman of the board of directors of The Seagram Company Ltd. He also served as Chief Financial Officer of Seagram until January 2000. Prior to joining Seagram, Matschullat was head of worldwide investment banking for Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, and was on the Morgan Stanley Group board of directors. He is the Presiding Director of the Board of Directors of The Clorox Company, and a director of McKesson Corporation and has been a Director of The Walt Disney Company since 2002. He also joined Visa Inc's Board of Directors in Nov 2007.
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Robert Zemeckis
Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1951) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Zemeckis first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of the comedic time-travel Back to the Future movie series, as well as the Oscar-winning live-action/cartoon epic Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), though in the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare, including 1994's Forrest Gump, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director.
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Ron W. Miller
Ronald William "Ron" Miller (born April 17, 1933) is a former professional American football player, the son-in-law of Walt Disney, and a former president and CEO of The Walt Disney Company.
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Ronald Reagan
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Sheryl Sandberg
Sheryl Kara Sandberg (born 1969) is the Chief Operating Officer of Facebook. Prior to Facebook, Sheryl was Vice President of Global Online Sales and Operations at Google. She also helped launch Google's philanthropic arm Google.org. Prior to Google, Sandberg served as Chief of Staff for the United States Department of the Treasury. She is married to David Goldberg, CEO of SurveyMonkey, and has two children.
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Sid Bass
Sid Richardson Bass (born 1942) is an American investor and businessman.
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Sidney Poitier
Sir Sidney Poitier, KBE ( or ; born February 20, 1927) is a Bahamian American actor, film director, author, and diplomat. He broke through as a star in acclaimed performances in American films and plays, which, by consciously defying racial stereotyping, gave a new dramatic credibility for black actors to mainstream film audiences in the Western world.
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Stanley Gold
Stanley Phillip Gold (born September 10, 1942) is President and CEO of Shamrock Holdings, Roy E. Disney's private investment company. He was on the Walt Disney Company's board of directors 1984; 1987-2003. He and Roy resigned to publicly campaign to oust then CEO and Chairman of the Board Michael Eisner. He also helped oust CEO Ron W. Miller and hire Eisner in 1984.
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Stephen Bollenbach
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Steve Jobs
Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is an American business magnate and inventor. He is well known for being the co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple. Jobs also previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.
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Steven Spielberg
Steven Allan Spielberg, (born December 18, 1946) is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer and video game designer. In a career spanning six decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as an archetype of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing such issues as the Holocaust, slavery, war and terrorism. He is considered one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. He is also one of the founders of DreamWorks.
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Susan Arnold
Susan Arnold (born 1954) is an American businesswoman.
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Ub Iwerks
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Walt Disney
http://wn.com/Walt_Disney
Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004)
"Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004)" Actors
- Nathan Lane
- Shaun Fleming
- Rob Paulsen
- Debra Jo Rupp
- David Ogden Stiers
- Wallace Shawn
- Jerry Stiller
- Shaun Flemming
"Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004)" Director
Karaoke:
Lyrics:
- A Whole New World
- Arabian Night
- At The Beginning
- Beauty And The Beast
- Can You Feel the Love Tonight
- Colours Of The Wind
- Don't Go Breaking My Heart - Ella Enchanted
- Friend Like Me
- Gaston (Reprise)
- God Help The Outcasts
- Hakuna Matata
- He Lives In You
- I Can Go The Distance
- I Just Can't Wait To Be King
- I Won't Say (I'm In Love)
- I'll Make A Man Out Of You
- Journey To The Past - Anastasia
- Learn To Do It - Anastasia
- Love Will Find A Way
- Once Upon A December
- One Jump Ahead - Aladdin
- Paris Holds The Key To Your Heart - Anastasia
- Part Of Your World
- Reflection
- Send It On
- Somebody To Love - Ella Enchanted
- Something There -beauty And The Beast
- Somewhere Out There - An American Tail
- That's How You Know - Enchanted
- Thomas O'mally
- True Love's Kiss - Enchanted
- When I See An Elephant Fly
- When You Wish Upon A Star
- You Ll Be In My Heart
- You Ve Got A Friend In Me
- A Dream Is A Wish Your Heart Makes
- Colors Of The Wind
- A Whole New World (Movie Version)
- Belle
- 's Avonds Bloeit De Liefde Op
- 250 Kg K Naken
- A Circle Of Life (Norwegian)
- A Friend Like Me (Finnish)
- A Girl Worth Fighting For
- A House At Pooh Corner
- A Little Black Rain Cloud (Winnie The Pooh)
- A Pirate's Life For Me
- A Rumor In Saint Petersburg
- A Spoonful Of Sugar
- A Star Is Born
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Brave Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Published: 16 Nov 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Brave is available November 13 on Blu-ray & DVD Combo Pack and HD Digital. Pre-order your copy now: di.sn Like Brave on Facebook: www.facebook.com Official Brave Website: disney.com Merida is a skilled archer and impetuous daughter of King Fergus and Queen Elinor. Determined to carve her own path in life, Merida defies an age-old custom sacred to the uproarious lords of the land: massive Lord MacGuffin, surly Lord Macintosh and cantankerous Lord Dingwall. Merida's actions inadvertently unleash chaos and fury in the kingdom, and when she turns to an eccentric old Witch for help, she is granted an ill-fated wish. The ensuing peril forces Merida to discover the meaning of true bravery in order to undo a beastly curse before it's too late.
http://wn.com/Brave_Trailer
Mean Disney Girls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Published: 04 Mar 2010
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
YOU GO GLEN COCO.
http://wn.com/Mean_Disney_Girls
"One Man Disney Movie" Nick Pitera Disney Medley Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:46
- Published: 21 Mar 2011
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
GET NICK PITERA T-SHIRTS HERE :) nickpitera.spreadshirt.com Get my music on iTunes :) itunes.apple.com www.amazon.com Music from Disney films has made a huge impact on me, and has been the source of inspiration for many years. Since I was 5 I have dreamt of voicing a character myself, and this is me doing my best to pay homage to a few of my favorites. I had so much fun making this video and I hope you enjoy it! Thanks so much for watching! Sincerely Nick Follow me on Twitter :) twitter.com Like me on Facebook :) www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/One_Man_Disney_Movie_Nick_Pitera_Disney_Medley_Music_Video
Walt Disney Cartoons- Donald Duck- Snowball War
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:12
- Published: 18 Feb 2008
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
This is a clasic cartoon starring donald duck
http://wn.com/Walt_Disney_Cartoons_Donald_Duck_Snowball_War
A Fair(y) Use Tale
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:14
- Published: 19 May 2007
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Not made by me,found it online,available for download on website Disney Parody explanation of Copyright Law and Fair Use Synopsis: Professor Eric Faden of Bucknell University provides this humorous, yet informative, review of copyright principles delivered through the words of the very folks we can thank for nearly endless copyright terms. ***Description taken from website*** Video Found at cyberlaw.stanford.edu
http://wn.com/A_Fairy_Use_Tale
What Disney Movies Taught Me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:45
- Published: 13 Oct 2011
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog channel! I make new videos here every Wednesday and make vlogs during my majestical daily life. JennaMarbles JennaMarblesVlog Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com @Jenna_Marbles @CharlesMarbles @Kermit_thedog T-Shirts (so far, sorry we're working on more!!) www.districtlines.com Blog: www.jennamarblesblog.com Tumblr: jennamarbles.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/What_Disney_Movies_Taught_Me
Part Of Your World- Disney The Little Mermaid Sing-Along
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Published: 05 Apr 2007
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Part Of Your World-the little mermaid sing along from the Disney Princess sing along songs vol.1- once upon a dream.
http://wn.com/Part_Of_Your_World_Disney_The_Little_Mermaid_Sing-Along
Family Guy: Disney Universe FULL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 21 May 2011
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
this and the Robot Chicken Universes are my faves!! Family Guy & characters go to Seth Mcfarlane (a genius!!) EDIT: i apologize for the wavy picture, i have no idea how that happened :/
http://wn.com/Family_Guy_Disney_Universe_FULL
Racism in Disney
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 04 Dec 2007
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
ASAM Disney Mashup
http://wn.com/Racism_in_Disney
Confessions of a Disney Employee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:26
- Published: 11 Jan 2011
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
I land a job working at the most magical place on the planet: The Walt Disney World and finally confess to some of the crazy stuff I did while working there. Key word: 'some' Fun Facts: This is not a flash animated video. I did the whole thing using Deviant Arts website to draw everything: muro.deviantart.com Then animated some scenes with tricks I learned in Final Cut Express. (And since I always get questions about my shirts) The "PWN Depot" shirt I'm wearing at the end, I got from Glitch Gear: tinyurl.com I was actually about 80% done making this video when my hard drive failed and lost all the work I had done as far as art and editing so had to edit this 10+ minute video twice from the start (which in the end made it better due to experience I got from so much time doing/redoing the project.
http://wn.com/Confessions_of_a_Disney_Employee
Mickey Mouse Brings Disney Magic to New York City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Published: 18 Nov 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Like Disney Parks on Facebook: facebook.com facebook.com With a touch of Disney magic, Mickey Mouse and his pals visit New York City to create a memorable experience with new friends.
http://wn.com/Mickey_Mouse_Brings_Disney_Magic_to_New_York_City
Alice in Wonderland (Disney) - Unbirthday Party (Complete)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:24
- Published: 25 Aug 2007
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Here's the complete version of the Unbirthday scene From Alice in Wonderland (Walt Disney - 1951)
http://wn.com/Alice_in_Wonderland_Disney_Unbirthday_Party_Complete
"That's How You Know" from Disney's ENCHANTED (Full Clip)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 08 Nov 2007
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Visit annaliberty.wordpress.com - see about a little princess who can't go out into the sun! Amy Adams sings Alan Menken & Stephen Scwartz' song from Disney's Enchanted. That's how she knows. This video is property of Walt Disney Co, and was offered as a free quicktime download on the LA Times website.
http://wn.com/That's_How_You_Know_from_Disney's_ENCHANTED_Full_Clip
The Top 30 Disney Songs (VOTED BY THE PUBLIC)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Published: 07 Feb 2008
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Check out my other "Disney Poll" videos: Top 25 Disney Heroines: www.youtube.com Top 25 Disney HEROES: www.youtube.com Top 30 Disney VILLAINS: www.youtube.com Top 20 Disney Animated Movies: www.youtube.com * ANASTASIA IS NOT DISNEY. It is by FOX Animation Studios * Click here to go to my video on the Top 20 Animated Disney Movies (VOTED BY THE PUBLIC): www.youtube.com ______________________________ According to a poll taking in 2005 by www.ultimatedisney.com, these are the top 30 Disney songs! The list goes up to 100, but I only included the top 30. *Please remember that these are not MY opinions or MY choices, but are in fact the choices of THE PUBLIC. Thank you* - No Copyright Infringement Intended - Enjoy! _________________________________ Honours for this Video [there were more but I forgot to post them, and now I can't remember what they were :( lol]: #57 - Most Responded (This Week) - Film & Animation - Canada #77 - Most Responded (This Month) - Film & Animation - Canada
http://wn.com/The_Top_30_Disney_Songs_VOTED_BY_THE_PUBLIC
If You Can Dream - Disney Princess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Published: 09 Sep 2006
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
A song that is written specially for the Disney Princess franchise. It features the voice of Jodi Benson as Ariel, Judy Kuhn as Pocahontas, Paige O'Hara as Belle, Lea Salonga as Jasmine and Mulan, Christie Houser as Aurora and Susan Stevens Logan as Cinderella. I did not make this; it is an official Disney video. Source: Disney Princess Princess Stories Vol I mp3 download link: bit.ly ----- If You Can Dream There is a world where hope And dreams can last for all time A wondrous place to go You'll know it when your heart finds Hearing our song as old as rhyme Hold my hand we're gonna fly What a magic ride And just a kiss away If you can dream The wish we're making On a star is coming true The colours of the wind will lead My heart right back to you 'Cause if you can dream Reflections in a diamond sky Come shining on true Romance will always be so new And love will save the day If you can dream Someday my prince will come It's certain as the sun rise One day the slipper fits Then you see the love in his eyes It's a tale as old as time There's no mountain we can't climb When you're finally mine And just a kiss away If you can dream The wish we're making On a star is coming true The colours of the wind will lead My heart right back to you 'Cause if you can dream Reflections in a diamond sky Come shining on true Romance will always be so new And love will save the day If you can dream So the story goes Never die the rose There's a whole new world Waiting there for us (Waiting <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/If_You_Can_Dream_Disney_Princess
"One Woman A Cappella Disney Medley" by @heathertraska
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Published: 22 Nov 2011
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
CLICK TO TWEET THIS TO ELLEN: clicktotweet.com CLICK TO POST THIS TO FACEBOOK: tinyurl.com Business Inquiries: traska.heather@gmail.com Thank you for watching my "One-Woman A Cappella Disney Medley!" To those of you new to my channel, my name is Heather Traska, I am 17 years old, and make these videos in my free time (I'm still in high school). This video is in part a 10000 subscriber thank you video. It is the only way I knew how to thank you all for being so supportive and lovely. Dedications: "A Dream Is A Wish Your Heart Makes" section to Remi Lee "Part of Your World" section to Michael Buckley (www.youtube.com "A Whole New World" section(s) to Jenna Ezarik (www.youtube.com Also, a final shout-out to Nick Pitera (www.youtube.com for being one of my biggest youtube inspirations. Nick, if by chance you are reading this, your amazing videos are what helped push me to make this medley (despite how much I initially doubted my ability to do so). Several parts of this video are dedicated to various others, but I can't give everything away. . . FACTS ABOUT THIS VIDEO: -86 days -30+ looks/characters -13 main songs -13 "quoted" songs -1 month to edit -recorded myself -arranged entirely by ear -edited myself -make up and costumes done myself (click here to see sketches I made: tinyurl.com Also, thanks, Ant for all of your help! :) And some of you may noticed that parts of my style are very influenced by Mariah Carey. I LOVE HER, she is one of my biggest heros and inspirations <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/One_Woman_A_Cappella_Disney_Medley_by_@heathertraska
How Walt Disney Cartoons are made
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:34
- Published: 04 Sep 2006
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Disney Documental
http://wn.com/How_Walt_Disney_Cartoons_are_made
"Watch Me" from Disney Channel's "Shake It Up"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Published: 24 Jun 2011
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
To download Watch Me visit www.smarturl.it Performed by Bella Thorne and Zendaya
http://wn.com/Watch_Me_from_Disney_Channel's_Shake_It_Up
Disney Fairy Tale Weddings by Alfred Angelo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Published: 27 Sep 2010
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
Take a behind-the-scenes look at the Disney Fairy Tale Weddings by Alfred Angelo bridal gown line. See the all new inspired gowns by favorite Disney Princess characters. Gowns will be available in early 2011.
http://wn.com/Disney_Fairy_Tale_Weddings_by_Alfred_Angelo
Monsters University Teaser - Pony
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Published: 20 Jun 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Enrolling Summer 2013. Like Monsters University on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow Disney/Pixar on Twitter: www.twitter.com Official Site: disney.com Mike Wazowski and James P. Sullivan are an inseparable pair, but that wasn't always the case. From the moment these two mismatched monsters met they couldn't stand each other. "Monsters University" unlocks the door to how Mike and Sulley overcame their differences and became the best of friends. Screaming with laughter and fun, "Monsters University" is directed by Dan Scanlon ("Cars," "Mater and the Ghostlight," "Tracy") and produced by Kori Rae ("Up," "The Incredibles," "Monsters, Inc."). The film opens in US theaters on June 21, 2013, and will be shown in Disney Digital 3D™ in select theaters.
http://wn.com/Monsters_University_Teaser_Pony
Disney's Copy Paste
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Published: 04 Sep 2008
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Disney's Copy Paste
http://wn.com/Disney's_Copy_Paste
Disney's "Up" house created in real life and flown for National Geographic show
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Published: 07 Mar 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Visit www.InsideTheMagic.net for pictures from the amazing recreation of the flying house from Disney "Up" animated film. For the upcoming show "How Hard Can It Be?" on the National Geographic Channel, engineers constructed a basic house structure and lifted it into the air for more than an hour by 300 weather balloons.
http://wn.com/Disney's_Up_house_created_in_real_life_and_flown_for_National_Geographic_show
Oz The Great and Powerful -- Official Disney Trailer | HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 12 Jul 2012
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Official debut trailer for Disney's fantastical adventure "Oz The Great and Powerful". Discover the origins of L. Frank Baum's 'the Wizard of Oz'. In UK cinemas March 2013. When small-time magician Oscar Diggs (James Franco) pulls one flimflam too many, he finds himself hurled into the fantastical Land of Oz where he must somehow transform himself into the great and powerful Wizard—and just maybe into a better man as well. For all the latest on "Oz The Great and Powerful" : Visit the Official site: www.disney.co.uk "Like" us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com Starring James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz, Michelle Williams, and Zach Braff and directed by Sam Raimi (Spider-Man). "Oz The Great and Powerful" arrives in UK cinemas March 2013.
http://wn.com/Oz_The_Great_and_Powerful_-_Official_Disney_Trailer_|_HD
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Creative Commons / Juliancolton![From Disney's Animal Kingdom. Eld's Deer (Panolia eldii)[2], also known as the Thamin or Brow-antlered Deer, is an endangered species of deer indigenous to southeastern Asia.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121003013932im_/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/7c/32/740db5c7ab65ec8760fba609a5ce_small.jpg "From Disney's Animal Kingdom. Eld's Deer (Panolia eldii)[2], also known as the Thamin or Brow-antlered Deer, is an endangered species of deer indigenous to southeastern Asia.")
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WN / Arturo Ubaub
![From Disney's Animal Kingdom. Eld's Deer (Panolia eldii)[2], also known as the Thamin or Brow-antlered Deer, is an endangered species of deer indigenous to southeastern Asia.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121003013932/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/7c/32/740db5c7ab65ec8760fba609a5ce_medium.jpg "From Disney's Animal Kingdom. Eld's Deer (Panolia eldii)[2], also known as the Thamin or Brow-antlered Deer, is an endangered species of deer indigenous to southeastern Asia.")
Photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
02 Oct 2012
Tweet Washington, Oct 2 (ANI): With the surge of American troops over and the Taliban still a potent threat, US military and diplomatic officials in Afghanistan are now abandoning their once ambitious...
Photo: US Navy / Chief Mass Communication Specialist Michael B. Watkins
30 Sep 2012
KABUL, Afghanistan -- U.S. military deaths in the Afghan war have reached 2,000, a cold reminder of the human cost of an 11-year-old conflict that garners little public interest at home as the United...
Photo: AP / Vincent Yu
02 Oct 2012
HONG KONG â A boat packed with revelers on a long holiday weekend collided with a ferry and sank off Hong Kong, killing at least 36 people and injuring dozens in the deadliest accident to strike the...
Photo: UN / J Carrier
02 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling In banning several Iranian government officials from attending President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's speech at the United Nations, the United States could...
Photo: AP / Gurinder Osan
28 Sep 2012
New Delhi: Ranbir Kapoor's deaf and mute character in 'Barfi!' seems to be giving cousin Kareena Kapoor's glamorous avatar in 'Heroine' a run for her money! The sweet and simple love story of a mute...
Photo: AP /
28 Sep 2012
Related topics elvis presleyLil WaynebillboardMusic Advertisement My, how times have changed. Lil Wayne, the self-proclaimed “best rapper alive” has been proclaimed something by a third party: bigger...
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The Examiner
Related topics EPCOTWalt Disney WorldDisneyTravelDisney Events Advertisement D23, the official Disney fan club, held a special event that was part of an extended weekend celebrating the 30th anniversary of Epcot. Sunday’s event kicked off the festivities for D23 members and their guests, and was...(size: 14.0Kb)
WPXI
Katie Couric is giving a Disney World trip to a 16-year-old Michigan girl who was elected as her school's homecoming queen in an...(size: 0.9Kb)
Live Twitter chat with Jessica Capshaw from ABC's Grey's Anatomy (4/4) (Disney-ABC Television Group)
03 Oct 2012
noodls
Fans of ABC's hit drama "Grey's Anatomy" will be able to submit questions and receive real-time responses from actress Jessica Capshaw (Dr. Arizona Robbins), who will be up on Twitter at @jessicacapshaw during the West Coast broadcast of the show, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 4 from...(size: 2.8Kb)
The Hollywood Reporter
share The cable network has ordered more episodes of the music-centric series. Disney Channel "A.N.T. Farm" Disney Channel has ordered another season of A.N.T. Farm, the cable network announced Tuesday.our editor recommends Disney Channel Renews 'A.N.T. Farm'...(size: 3.7Kb)
Detroit news
By Francis X. Donnelly The Detroit News Comments A Michigan high school student elected to homecoming as a prank has two more famous supporters â former news anchor Katie Couric and troubled actress Lindsay Lohan. Whitney Kropp, a sophomore at Ogemaw Heights High in West Branch, recounted her...(size: 9.0Kb)
Hardball politics back at Disney?
02 Oct 2012
Sun Sentinel
Years ago, Orlando was pretty much a one-mouse town. Disney pulled the strings, and the politicians were puppets. Whatever Disney wanted, it got — from roads to special legislation granting the company governmentlike powers. Scott Maxwell...(size: 5.3Kb)
IMDb
Itâs official. The Disney Channel comedy series will return for a third season. It begins with musical prodigy Chyna Parks and her...(size: 0.9Kb)
ABC NEWS RECOGNIZED WITH SEVEN NEWS & DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS (Disney-ABC Television Group)
02 Oct 2012
noodls
ABC News was recognized Monday night with seven News and Documentary Emmy Awards for reporting that aired across several broadcasts and platforms, including "Nightline," which was recognized in five categories, "20/20," "World News with Diane Sawyer" and "Good...(size: 12.0Kb)
ABC TOP BROADCASTER IN TOTAL VIEWERS FOR THE 2ND STRAIGHT WEEK (10/1) (Disney-ABC Television Group)
02 Oct 2012
noodls
Monday Night (8:00-11:00 p.m.) For the 2nd week in a row, ABC (11.6 million) led the pack on Monday with "DWTS: All-Stars" and "Castle," drawing 5% more viewers than NBC (11.0 million - "The Voice"/"Revolution"), 49% more viewers than CBS (7.8 million -...(size: 3.7Kb)
"Disney" redirects here. For other uses, see Disney (disambiguation).
 |
|
| Type | Public |
|---|---|
| Traded as | NYSE: DIS Dow Jones Industrial Average Component S&P 500 Component |
| Industry | Mass media |
| Founded | Los Angeles, California, U.S.[1] (October 16, 1923) |
| Founder(s) | Walt and Roy Disney |
| Headquarters | Walt Disney Studios 500 S. Buena Vista Street Burbank, California, U.S. |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Bob Iger (Chairman and CEO) |
| Products | Television, radio, publishing, movies, theme parks and Internet |
| Services | Licensing |
| Revenue |  US$ 40.893 billion (2011)[2] |
| Operating income | US$ 08.043 billion (2011)[2] |
| Net income | US$ 04.807 billion (2011)[2] |
| Total assets | US$ 72.124 billion (2011)[2] |
| Total equity | US$ 37.385 billion (2011)[2] |
| Employees | 156,000 (2011)[2] |
| Divisions | |
| Subsidiaries | |
| Website | Disney.com |
The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS), commonly referred to as Disney, is an American multinational diversified mass media company headquartered in Walt Disney Studios, Burbank, California, United States. It is the largest media conglomerate in the world in terms of revenue.[3] Founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Walt Disney Productions established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and travel. Taking on its current name in 1986, The Walt Disney Company expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theatre, radio, music, publishing, and online media. In addition, it has created new divisions of the company in order to market more mature content than it typically associates with its flagship family-oriented brands.
The company is best known for the products of its film studio, the Walt Disney Studios, and today one of the largest and best-known studios in Hollywood. Disney also owns and operates the ABC broadcast television network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, A+E Networks, and ABC Family; publishing, merchandising, and theatre divisions; and owns and licenses 14 theme parks around the world. It also has a successful music division. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6, 1991. An early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, Mickey Mouse, is the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company.
Corporate history[link]
See also: Timeline of The Walt Disney Company
1923–1928: The silent era[link]
In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri animator Walt Disney created a short film entitled Alice's Wonderland, which featured child actress Virginia Davis interacting with animated characters. Film distributor Margaret J. Winkler contacted Disney with plans to distribute a whole series of Alice Comedies based upon Alice's Wonderland. The contract signed, Walt and his brother Roy Disney moved to Los Angeles. On October 16, 1923, they officially set up shop in their uncle Robert Disney's garage, marking the beginning of the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio.[4] Within a few months, the company moved into the back of a realty office in downtown Los Angeles, where production continued on the Alice Comedies until 1927.[5] In 1926, the studio moved to a newly constructed studio facility on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district of Los Angeles.[5]
After the demise of the Alice comedies, Disney developed an all-cartoon series starring his first original character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, which was distributed by Winkler Pictures through Universal Pictures. Disney only completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, when Winkler's husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. Mintz hired away all of Disney's animators except Ub Iwerks to start his own animation studio.[4]
1928–1934: Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies[link]
File:Silly symphony.jpg
Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932)
In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks created Mickey Mouse. Disney's first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18, 1928. It was the third Mickey Mouse cartoon, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho, although it was the first cartoon featuring Mickey to find a distributor and enter public release. Steamboat Willie was an immediate smash hit, and its initial success was attributed not just to Mickey's appeal as a character but to the fact that it was the first cartoon to feature synchronized sound.[6] Disney used Pat Powers' Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forest's Phonofilm system. Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Moss's Colony Theater in New York City,[7] now The Broadway Theatre. Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks and re-released successfully in 1929.
Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series, which was advertised as "Mickey Mouse Presents a Walt Disney Silly Symphony". In 1932, Disney signed an exclusive contract with Technicolor (through the end of 1935) to produce cartoons in color, beginning with Flowers and Trees (1932). Disney released cartoons through Powers' Celebrity Pictures (1928–1930), Columbia Pictures (1930–1932), and United Artists (1932–1937). The popularity of the Mickey Mouse series and the Silly Symphony series allowed Disney to plan for his first feature-length animation.
[edit] 1934–1945: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and World War II
File:Disney's honorary award for snow white.jpg
The honorary Academy Award given to Walt Disney for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Deciding to push the boundaries of animation even further, Disney began production of his first feature-length animated film in 1934. Taking three years to complete, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, based upon the Grimm Brothers' fairy tale, premiered in December 1937 and became highest-grossing film of that time by 1939.[8] Snow White was released through RKO Radio Pictures, which had assumed distribution of Disney's product in July 1937,[9] after United Artists attempted to attain future television rights to the Disney shorts.[10]
Using the profits from Snow White, Disney financed the construction of a new 51-acre (210,000 m2) studio complex in Burbank, California. The new Walt Disney Studios, in which the company is headquartered to this day, was completed and open for business by the end of 1939. The following year, Walt Disney Productions had its initial public offering.
The studio continued releasing animated shorts and features, such as Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942). After World War II began, box-office profits declined. When the United States entered the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, many of Disney's animators were drafted into the armed forces. The U.S. and Canadian governments commissioned the studio to produce training and propaganda films. By 1942 90% of its 550 employees were working on war-related films.[11] Films such as the feature Victory Through Air Power and the short Education for Death (both 1943) were meant to increase public support for the war effort. Even the studio's characters joined the effort, as Donald Duck appeared in a number of comical propaganda shorts, including the Academy Award-winning Der Fuehrer's Face (1943).
1946–1954: Post-war and television[link]
With limited staff and little operating capital during and after the war, Disney's feature films during much of the 1940s were "package films," or collections of shorts, such as The Three Caballeros (1944) and Melody Time (1948), which performed poorly at the box-office. At the same time, the studio began producing live-action films and documentaries. Song of the South (1946) and So Dear to My Heart (1948) featured animated segments, while the True-Life Adventures series, which included such films as Seal Island (1948) and The Vanishing Prairie (1954), were also popular and won numerous awards.
The release of Cinderella in 1950 proved that feature-length animation could still succeed in the marketplace. Other releases of the period included Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953), both in production before the war began, and Disney's first all-live action feature, Treasure Island (1950). Other early all-live-action Disney films included The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), The Sword and the Rose (1953), and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954). Disney ended its distribution contract with RKO in 1953, forming its own distribution arm, Buena Vista Distribution.[9]
In December 1950, Walt Disney Productions and The Coca-Cola Company teamed up for Disney's first venture into television, the NBC television network special An Hour in Wonderland. In October 1954, the ABC network launched Disney's first regular television series, Disneyland, which would go on to become one of the longest-running primetime series of all time.[12] Disneyland allowed Disney a platform to introduce new projects and broadcast older ones, and ABC became Disney's partner in the financing and development of Disney's next venture, located in the middle of an orange grove near Anaheim, California. It was the first phase of a long corporate relationship which, although no one could have anticipated it at the time, would culminate four decades later in the Disney company's acquisition of the ABC network, its owned and operated stations, and its numerous cable and publishing ventures.
1955–1965: Disneyland[link]
File:Waltopening.jpg
Walt Disney opens Disneyland, July 1955.
In 1954, Walt Disney used his Disneyland series to unveil what would become Disneyland, an idea conceived out of a desire for a place where parents and children could both have fun at the same time. On July 18, 1955, Walt Disney opened Disneyland to the general public. On July 17, 1955, Disneyland was previewed with a live television broadcast hosted by Art Linkletter and Ronald Reagan. After a shaky start, Disneyland continued to grow and attract visitors from across the country and around the world. A major expansion in 1959 included the addition of America's first monorail system.
For the 1964 New York World's Fair, Disney prepared four separate attractions for various sponsors, each of which would find its way to Disneyland in one form or another. During this time, Walt Disney was also secretly scouting out new sites for a second Disney theme park. In November 1965, "Disney World" was announced, with plans for theme parks, hotels, and even a model city on thousands of acres of land purchased outside of Orlando, Florida.
Disney continued to focus its talents on television throughout the 1950s. Its weekday afternoon children's television program The Mickey Mouse Club, featuring its roster of young "Mouseketeers", premiered in 1955 to great success, as did the Davy Crockett miniseries, starring Fess Parker and broadcast on the Disneyland anthology show. Two years later, the Zorro series would prove just as popular, running for two seasons on ABC, as well as separate episodes on the Disneyland series. Despite such success, Walt Disney Productions invested little into television ventures in the 1960s, with the exception of the long-running anthology series, later known as The Wonderful World of Disney.
Disney's film studios stayed busy as well, averaging five or six releases per year during this period. While the production of shorts slowed significantly during the 1950s and 1960s, the studio released a number of popular animated features, like Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959) and One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), which introduced a new xerography process to transfer the drawings to animation cels. Disney's live-action releases were spread across a number of genres, including historical fiction (Johnny Tremain, 1957), adaptations of children's books (Pollyanna, 1960) and modern-day comedies (The Shaggy Dog, 1959). Disney's most successful film of the 1960s was a live action/animated musical adaptation of Mary Poppins, which received five Academy Awards, including Best Actress Julie Andrews.
1966–1971: The deaths of Walt and Roy Disney and the opening of Walt Disney World[link]
On December 15, 1966, Walt Disney died of complications relating to lung cancer, and Roy Disney took over as chairman, CEO, and president of the company. One of his first acts was to rename Disney World as "Walt Disney World" in honor of his brother and his vision.
In 1967, the last two films Walt actively supervised were released, the animated feature The Jungle Book and the musical The Happiest Millionaire. The studio released a number of comedies in the late 1960s, including The Love Bug (1968) and The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes (1969), which starred another young Disney discovery, Kurt Russell. The 1970s opened with the release of Disney's first "post-Walt" animated feature, The Aristocats, followed by a return to fantasy musicals in 1971's Bedknobs and Broomsticks.
On October 1, 1971, Walt Disney World opened to the public, with Roy Disney dedicating the facility in person later that month. On December 20, 1971, Roy Disney died of a stroke, leaving the company under control of Donn Tatum, Card Walker, and Walt's son-in-law Ron Miller, each trained by Walt and Roy.[13]
1972–1984: Theatrical malaise and new leadership[link]
While Walt Disney Productions continued releasing family-friendly films throughout the 1970s, such as Escape to Witch Mountain (1975) and Freaky Friday (1976), the films did not fare as well at the box office as earlier material. However, the animation studio saw success with Robin Hood (1973), The Rescuers (1977), and The Fox and the Hound (1981).
Inspired by the popularity of Star Wars, the Disney studio produced the science-fiction adventure The Black Hole in 1979. The Black Hole was one of the first Disney releases to carry a PG rating, the first being Take Down, also released in 1979. In 1980, Disney has joined venture with Paramount Pictures on the production of the 1980 film adaptation of Popeye, which was a critical failure, yet a moderate box office success. Disney joined with Paramount again in the 1981 fantasy epic Dragonslayer, which was more mature than anything Disney was ever involved with at the time, though it was a box office failure. The releases of these and other PG-rated Disney films such as the boldly innovative Tron (1982) led Disney CEO Ron Miller to create Touchstone Pictures as a brand for Disney to release more adult-oriented material. Touchstone's first release was the comedy Splash (1984), which was a box office success.
With The Wonderful World of Disney remaining a prime-time staple, Disney returned to television in the 1970s with syndicated programing such as the anthology series The Mouse Factory and a brief revival of the Mickey Mouse Club. In 1980, Disney launched Walt Disney Home Video to take advantage of the newly emerging videocassette market. On April 18, 1983, The Disney Channel debuted as a subscription-level channel on cable systems nationwide, featuring its large library of classic films and TV series, along with original programming and family-friendly third-party offerings.
Walt Disney World received much of the company's attention through the 1970s and into the 1980s. In 1978, Disney executives announced plans for the second Walt Disney World theme park, EPCOT Center, which would open in October 1982. Inspired by Walt Disney's dream of a futuristic model city, EPCOT Center was built as a "permanent World's Fair", complete with exhibits sponsored by major American corporations, as well as pavilions based on the cultures of other nations. In Japan, the Oriental Land Company partnered with Walt Disney Productions to build the first Disney theme park outside of the United States, Tokyo Disneyland, which opened in April 1983.
Despite the success of the Disney Channel and its new theme park creations, Walt Disney Productions was financially vulnerable. Its film library was valuable, but offered few current successes, and its leadership team was unable to keep up with other studios, particularly the works of Don Bluth, who defected from Disney in 1979. In 1984, financier Saul Steinberg launched a hostile takeover bid for Walt Disney Productions, with the intent of dissolving the company and selling off its various assets. Disney successfully fought off the bid with the help of friendly investors, and Sid Bass and Roy Disney's son Roy Edward Disney brought in Michael Eisner and Jeffrey Katzenberg from Paramount Pictures and Frank Wells from Warner Bros. to head up the company.
1984–2004: The Eisner era[link]
- See also, 1984–2004 under Timeline of The Walt Disney Company.
With Eisner, Wells, and Katzenberg replacing Ron Miller and Card Walker in 1984, Disney strengthened and revitalized during the second half of the 1980s and early 1990s. Beginning with Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), and later, The Little Mermaid (1989), its flagship animation studio enjoyed a series of commercial and critical successes. In addition, the company successfully entered the field of television animation with a number of lavishly budgeted and acclaimed series such as Adventures of the Gummi Bears, Duck Tales and Gargoyles. Disney also broadened its adult offerings in film when then Disney Studio Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg acquired Miramax Films in 1993. Disney acquired many other media sources during the decade, including a merger with Capital Cities/ABC in 1996 which brought broadcast network ABC and its assets, including the A&E Television Networks and ESPN networks, into the Disney fold.
During the early part of the 1990s, Eisner and his partners set out to plan "The Disney Decade" which was to feature new parks around the world, existing park expansions, new films, and new media investments. While some of the proposals did follow through, most did not. The projects included the Euro Disney Resort (now Disneyland Paris), Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios), Disney California Adventure Park, Disney-MGM Studios Paris (eventually opened in 2002 as Walt Disney Studios Park), and various film projects including a Who Framed Roger Rabbit franchise.
Wells died in a helicopter crash in 1994 (The Lion King, which went on to become the most successful hand-drawn animated picture of all time, was dedicated to his memory). Shortly thereafter, Katzenberg resigned and formed Dreamworks SKG with partners Steven Spielberg and David Geffen because Eisner would not appoint Katzenberg to Wells' now-available post. Instead, Eisner recruited his friend Michael Ovitz, one of the founders of the Creative Artists Agency, to be President, with minimal involvement from Disney's board of directors (which at the time included Oscar-winning actor Sidney Poitier, the CEO of Hilton Hotels Corporation Stephen Bollenbach, former U.S. Senator George Mitchell, Yale dean Robert A. M. Stern, and Eisner's predecessors Raymond Watson and Card Walker). Ovitz lasted only 14 months and left Disney in December 1996 via a "no fault termination" with a severance package of $38 million in cash and 3 million stock options worth roughly $100 million at the time of Ovitz's departure. The Ovitz episode engendered a long running derivative suit, which finally concluded in June 2006, almost 10 years later. Chancellor William B. Chandler, III of the Delaware Court of Chancery, despite describing Eisner's behavior as falling "far short of what shareholders expect and demand from those entrusted with a fiduciary position..." found in favor of Eisner and the rest of the Disney board because they hadn't violated the letter of the law (namely, the duty of care owed by a corporation's officers and board to its shareholders).[14]
"Save Disney" campaign and Eisner's ouster[link]
In 2003, Roy E. Disney, the son of Disney co-founder Roy O. Disney and nephew of Walt Disney, resigned from his positions as the company's vice chairman and chairman of Walt Disney Feature Animation, accusing Eisner of micromanagement, flops with the ABC television network, timidity in the theme park business, turning the Walt Disney Company into a "rapacious, soul-less" company, and refusing to establish a clear succession plan, as well as a string of box-office movie flops starting in the year 2000.
On March 3, 2004, at Disney's annual shareholders' meeting, a surprising and unprecedented 43% of Disney's shareholders, predominantly rallied by former board members Roy Disney and Stanley Gold, withheld their proxies to re-elect Eisner to the board. Disney's board then gave the chairmanship position to Mitchell. However, the board did not immediately remove Eisner as chief executive.
On March 13, 2005, Eisner announced that he would step down as CEO one year before his contract expired. On September 30, Eisner resigned both as an executive and as a member of the board of directors, and, severing all formal ties with the company, he waived his contractual rights to perks such as the use of a corporate jet and an office at the company's Burbank headquarters. Eisner's replacement was his longtime assistant, Robert Iger.
2005–present: The Iger Era[link]
On July 8, 2005, Walt Disney's nephew, Roy E. Disney returned to The Walt Disney Company as a consultant and with the new title of Non Voting Director, Emeritus. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts celebrated the 50th Anniversary of Disneyland Park on July 17, and opened Hong Kong Disneyland on September 12. Walt Disney Feature Animation released Chicken Little, the company's first film using 3-D animation. On October 1, Robert Iger replaced Michael Eisner as CEO. Miramax co-founders Bob Weinstein and Harvey Weinstein also departed the company to form their own studio. On July 25, 2005, Disney announced that it was closing DisneyToon Studios Australia in October 2006, after 17 years of existence.
Aware that Disney's relationship with Pixar was wearing thin, President and CEO Robert Iger began negotiations with leadership of Pixar Animation Studios, Steve Jobs and Ed Catmull, regarding possible merger. On January 23, 2006, it was announced that Disney would purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. The deal was finalized on May 5; and among noteworthy results was the transition of Pixar's CEO and 50.1% shareholder, Steve Jobs, becoming Disney's largest individual shareholder at 7% and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.[15][16] Ed Catmull took over as President of Pixar Animation Studios. Former Executive Vice-President of Pixar, John Lasseter, became Chief Creative Officer of both Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios, as well assuming the role of Principal Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering.[16]
After a long time working in the company as a senior executive and large shareholder, Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney died from stomach cancer on December 16, 2009. At the time of his death, he owned roughly 1% of all of Disney which amounted to 16 million shares. He is seen to be the last member of the Disney family to be actively involved in the running of the company and working in the company altogether.
On December 31, 2009, Disney acquired Marvel Entertainment, Inc. for $4.24 billion. Disney has stated that their acquisition of the company will not affect Marvel's products, neither will the nature of any Marvel characters be transformed.[17]
In October 2009, Disney Channel president Rich Ross, hired by Iger, replaced Dick Cook as chairman of the company and, in November, began restructuring the company to focus more on family friendly products. Later in January 2010, Disney decided to shut down Miramax after downsizing Touchstone, but one month later, they began selling the Miramax brand and its 700-title film library. On March 12, ImageMovers Digital, Robert Zemeckis's company which Disney had bought in 2007, was shut down. In April 2010, Lyric Street, Disney's country music label in Nashville, was shut down. In May 2010, the company sold the Power Rangers brand, as well as its 700-episode library, back to Haim Saban. In June, the company canceled Jerry Bruckheimer's film project Killing Rommel. In September 2010, Disney Interactive Studios was downsized. In November, two ABC stations were sold.
With the release of Tangled in 2010, Ed Catmull said that the "princess" genre of films was taking a hiatus until "someone has a fresh take on it … but we don't have any other musicals or fairytales lined up."[18] He explained that they were looking to get away from the princess era due to the changes in audience composition and preference. However, in the official Facebook page for Disney, Ed Catmull stated that this was just a rumor.
In April 2011, Disney broke ground on Shanghai Disney Resort. Costing $4.4 billion, the resort is slated to open in 2015.[19] Later, in August 2011, Bob Iger stated on a conference call that after the success of the Pixar and Marvel purchases, he and the Walt Disney Company are looking to "buy either new characters or businesses that are capable of creating great characters and great stories."[20] Later, in early February 2012, Disney completed its acquisition of UTV Software Communications, expanding their market further into India and Asia.[21]
Company divisions and subsidiaries[link]
Main article: List of assets owned by Disney
The Walt Disney Company operates as four primary divisions: The Walt Disney Studios or Studio Entertainment, which includes the company's film, recording label, and theatrical divisions; Parks and Resorts, featuring the company's theme parks, cruise line, and other travel-related assets; Disney Consumer Products, which produces toys, clothing, and other merchandising based upon Disney-owned properties, and Media Networks, which includes the company's television and Internet operations.
Its main entertainment features and holdings include Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group, Disney Music Group, Walt Disney Theatrical, Disney-ABC Television Group, Radio Disney, ESPN Inc., Disney Interactive Media Group, Disney Consumer Products, Disney India Ltd., Pixar Animation Studios, Marvel Entertainment, The Muppets Studio and UTV Software Communications. Its resorts and diversified holdings include Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort, Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, Euro Disney S.C.A., Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, Disney Vacation Club and Disney Cruise Line.
Executive management[link]
Further information: List of management of The Walt Disney Company
Presidents[link]
- 1923–1966: Walt Disney
- 1966–1971: Roy O. Disney
- 1968–1972: Donn Tatum
- 1971–1977: Card Walker
- 1980–1984: Ron W. Miller
- 1984–1994: Frank Wells
- 1995–1997: Michael Ovitz
- 2000–2012: Robert Iger
Chief Executive Officers[link]
- 1929–1971: Roy O. Disney
- 1971–1976: Donn Tatum
- 1976–1983: Card Walker
- 1983–1984: Ron W. Miller
- 1984–2005: Michael Eisner
- 2005 – present: Robert Iger
Chairmen of the Board[link]
From 1945 to 1960 Walt and Roy Disney shared the role of Chairman of the Board. Walt dropped the Chairman title in 1960 so he could focus more on the creative aspects of the company. Roy O. Disney kept the Chairman and CEO's role.
- 1945–1960: Walt Disney
- 1945–1971: Roy O. Disney (Co-Chair 1945–1960)
- 1971–1980: Donn Tatum
- 1980–1983: Card Walker
- 1983–1984: Raymond Watson
- 1984–2004: Michael Eisner
- 2004–2006: George J. Mitchell
- 2007 – 2012: John E. Pepper, Jr.
- 2012 – present: Robert Iger
Vice Chairman of the Board[link]
- 1984–2003: Roy E. Disney
- 1999–2000: Sanford Litvack (Co-Vice Chair)
Chief Operating Officers[link]
- 1984–1994: Frank Wells
- 1997–1999: Sanford Litvack [22] (Acting Chief of Operations)
- 2000–2005: Robert Iger
Financial data[link]
Revenues[link]
| Year | Walt Disney Studio Entertainment[Rev 1] | Disney Consumer Products[Rev 2] | Walt Disney Parks and Resorts |
Disney Media Networks[Rev 3] | Walt Disney Internet Group / Disney Interactive Media Group[Rev 4][Rev 5] | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991[23] | 2,593.0 | 724 | 2,794.0 | 6,111 | ||
| 1992[23] | 3,115 | 1,081 | 3,306 | 7,502 | ||
| 1993[23] | 3,673.4 | 1,415.1 | 3,440.7 | 8,529 | ||
| 1994[24][25][26] | 4,793 | 1,798.2 | 3,463.6 | 359 | 10,414 | |
| 1995[24][25][26] | 6,001.5 | 2,150 | 3,959.8 | 414 | 12,525 | |
| 1996[25][27] | 10,095[Rev 2] | 4,502 | 4,142[Rev 6] | 18,739 | ||
| 1997[28] | 6,981 | 3,782 | 5,014 | 6,522 | 174 | 22,473 |
| 1998[28] | 6,849 | 3,193 | 5,532 | 7,142 | 260 | 22,976 |
| 1999[28] | 6,548 | 3,030 | 6,106 | 7,512 | 206 | 23,402 |
| 2000[29] | 5,994 | 2,602 | 6,803 | 9,615 | 368 | 25,402 |
| 2001[30] | 7,004 | 2,590 | 6,009 | 9,569 | 25,790 | |
| 2002[30] | 6,465 | 2,440 | 6,691 | 9,733 | 25,360 | |
| 2003[31] | 7,364 | 2,344 | 6,412 | 10,941 | 27,061 | |
| 2004[31] | 8,713 | 2,511 | 7,750 | 11,778 | 30,752 | |
| 2005[32] | 7,587 | 2,127 | 9,023 | 13,207 | 31,944 | |
| 2006[32] | 7,529 | 2,193 | 9,925 | 14,368 | 34,285 | |
| 2007[33] | 7,491 | 2,347 | 10,626 | 15,046 | 35,510 | |
| 2008[34] | 7,348 | 2,415 | 11,504 | 15,857 | 719 | 37,843 |
| 2009[35] | 6,136 | 2,425 | 10,667 | 16,209 | 712 | 36,149 |
| 2010[36] | 6,701 | 2,678 | 10,761 | 17,162 | 761 | 38,063 |
| 2011[37] | 6,351 | 3,049 | 11,797 | 18,714 | 982 | 40,893 |
- ^ Also named Films
- ^ a b Merged into Creative Content in 1996
- ^ Broadcasting from 1994 to 1996
- ^ Walt Disney Internet Group, from 1997 to 2000, next merged with Disney Media Networks
- ^ Disney Interactive Media Group, starting in 2008 with the merge of WDIG and Disney Interactive Studios
- ^ Following the purchase of ABC
Net income[link]
| Year | Walt Disney Studio Entertainment[NI 1] | Disney Consumer Products[NI 2] | Walt Disney Parks and Resorts |
Disney Media Networks[NI 3] | Walt Disney Internet Group[NI 4] / Disney Interactive Media Group[NI 5] | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991[23] | 318 | 229 | 546 | 1,094 | ||
| 1992[23] | 508 | 283 | 644 | 1,435 | ||
| 1993[23] | 622 | 355 | 746 | 1,724 | ||
| 1994[24][25] | 779 | 425 | 684 | 77 | 1,965 | |
| 1995[24][25] | 998 | 510 | 860 | 76 | 2,445 | |
| 1996[25] | 1,596[NI 2] | 990 | 747 | −300[NI 6] | 3,033 | |
| 1997[28] | 1,079 | 893 | 1,136 | 1,699 | −56 | 4,312 |
| 1998[28] | 769 | 801 | 1,288 | 1,746 | −94 | 3,231 |
| 1999[28] | 116 | 607 | 1,446 | 1,611 | −93 | 3,231 |
| 2000[29] | 110 | 455 | 1,620 | 2,298 | −402 | 4,081 |
| 2001[30] | 260 | 401 | 1,586 | 1,758 | 4,214 | |
| 2002[30] | 273 | 394 | 1,169 | 986 | 2,826 | |
| 2003[31] | 620 | 384 | 957 | 1,213 | 3,174 | |
| 2004[31] | 662 | 534 | 1,123 | 2 169 | 4,488 | |
| 2005[32] | 207 | 543 | 1,178 | 3,209 | 5,137 | |
| 2006[32] | 729 | 618 | 1,534 | 3,610 | 6,491 | |
| 2007[33] | 1,201 | 631 | 1,710 | 4,285 | 7,827 | |
| 2008[34] | 1,086 | 778 | 1,897 | 4,942 | −258 | 8,445 |
| 2009[35] | 175 | 609 | 1,418 | 4,765 | −295 | 6,672 |
| 2010[36] | 693 | 677 | 1,318 | 5,132 | −234 | 7,586 |
| 2011[37] | 618 | 816 | 1,553 | 6,146 | −308 | 8,825 |
- ^ Also named Films
- ^ a b Merged into Creative Content in 1996
- ^ Broadcasting from 1994 to 1996
- ^ Walt Disney Internet Group, from 1997 to 2000, next merged with Disney Media Networks
- ^ Disney Interactive Media Group, merge of WDIG and Disney Interactive Studios
- ^ Not linked to WDIG, Disney reported a $300M loss due to financial modification regarding real estate
Criticism[link]
For more details on this topic, see Criticism of The Walt Disney Company.
Some of Disney's animated family films have drawn fire for being accused of having sexual references hidden in them, among them The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994). Instances of sexual material hidden in some versions of The Rescuers (1977) and Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) resulted in recalls and modifications of the films to remove such content.[38]
Some religious welfare groups, such as the Catholic League, have opposed films including Priest (1994) and Dogma (1999).[39] A book called Growing Up Gay, published by Disney-owned Hyperion Press and similar publications, as well as the company's extension of benefits to same-sex domestic partners, spurred boycotts of Disney and its advertisers by the Catholic League, the Assemblies of God USA, the American Family Association, and other conservative groups.[39][40][41] The boycotts were discontinued by most of these organizations by 2005.[42] In addition to these social controversies, the company has been accused of human rights violations regarding the working conditions in factories that produce their merchandise.[43][44]
Corporate social responsibility[link]
Many animation studios are currently setting up arms for conducting activities related to Corporate Social Responsibility. Though many studios are still yet to have fully functional wings for these programs, the Walt Disney Company has already set up many programs in order to cement its image as an entity that is socially responsible.
Among the many programs initiated by Disney are the annual Enviroports (i.e. environmental report) that Disney now publishes yearly to keep its shareholders in touch with exactly how it attempts to optimize the company's operational impact on environmental issues such as reduction of waste, fossil-fuel use, and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as improved eco-system protection.[45] This has led to appreciation by many third parties such as the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship and Reputation Institute, which ranks Disney 2nd in a Corporate Social Responsibility Index, with a score of 81.33, devised in 2010.[46] The report also establishes that Disney has improved its performance year-on-year and is second on two out of the three categories listed for measurement.
See also[link]
- Walt Disney
- A Trip Through the Walt Disney Studios
- Disney animated feature film source material
- Disney Channel
- Disney Junior
- Disney University
- Disney XD
- Disneyfication
- Disneynature
- List of Walt Disney TV series
- List of assets owned by Disney
- List of channels owned by Disney
- List of Disney animated characters
- List of Disney animated shorts
- List of Disney theatrical animated features
- List of Disney theatrical feature films
- List of Disney home entertainment
- List of Disney live-action shorts
- List of Disney video games by genre
- Children's television series
- Second screen apps from Disney
References[link]
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- ^ Siklos, Richard (February 9, 2009). "Why Disney wants DreamWorks". CNN/Money. http://money.cnn.com/2009/02/09/news/companies/disney_dreamworks.fortune/?postversion=2009020914. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
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- ^ Disneyshorts.org
- ^ Broadway Theater Broadway | The Shubert Organization
- ^ Gabler, Neal (2007). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. New York: Random House. pp. 276–277. ISBN 0-679-75747-3.
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- ^ "Cinema: Man & Mouse". TIME. December 27, 1937. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,758747-5,00.html. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
- ^ "Walt Disney Goes to War". Life: p. 61. 1942-08-31. http://books.google.com/books?id=iU4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA2&pg=PA61#v=onepage&q&f=true. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
- ^ "Company history (continued)". http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/complete_history_2.html.
- ^ "Company History (continued)". http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/complete_history_3.html.
- ^ In re The Walt Disney Company Derivative Litigation, 907 A.2d 693 (Del. Ch. August 9, 2005).
- ^ Holson, Laura M. (January 25, 2006). "Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4 billion Deal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ a b "Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney". The New York Times & The Associated Press. May 6, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ Jay Cochran (August 31, 2009). "Disney Announces Acquisition of Marvel Entertainment Inc". enewsi.com. http://www.enewsi.com/news.php?catid=190&itemid=15744.
- ^ "The Disney Fairytale Has An Unhappy Ending," Sydney Morning Herald November 29, 2010.
- ^ Barboza, David; Barnes, Brooks (April 7, 2011). "Disney Plans Lavish Park in Shanghai". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 June 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/08/business/media/08disney.html. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ^ Bhasin, Kim (August 10, 2011). "Disney Is Looking To Buy Even More Stables Of Characters". Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/disneys-looking-to-buy-up-some-more-stables-of-characters-2011-8. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ "Disney to complete UTV buyout". Filmbiz.asia. 2012-02-01. http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/disney-to-complete-utv-buyout. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "Antitrust expert Sanford Litvack to examine Google-Yahoo deal | Muckety - See the news". News.muckety.com. http://news.muckety.com/2008/09/11/antitrust-expert-sanford-litvack-to-examine-google-yahoo-deal/4962. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
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- ^ a b "Disney Enterprises Inc · 10-K · For 9/30/95". secinfo.com. http://www.secinfo.com/drdbh.a2J7.htm.
- ^ "Walt Disney Co · 10-K405 · For 9/30/96". secinfo.com. http://www.secinfo.com/drdbh.95Wx.htm.
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- ^ a b "Disney Annual Report 2000". corporate.disney.go.com. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2000/pdfs/financial.pdf.
- ^ a b c d "Disney Annual Report 2002". corporate.disney.go.com. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2002/pdfs/ar_2002.pdf.
- ^ a b c d "Disney Annual Report 2004". corporate.disney.go.com. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2004/pdfs/annual.pdf.
- ^ a b c d "Disney Annual Report 2006 – Financial Highlights". corporate.disney.go.com. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2006/int/fh.html.
- ^ a b "Disney Annual Report 2007 – Financial Highlights". corporate.disney.go.com. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/annual_reports/2007/fh/part1.html.
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- ^ a b "Disney 2009 Annual Report – Business Segment Results". p. 31. http://amedia.disney.go.com/investorrelations/annual_reports/WDC-10kwrap-2009.pdf.
- ^ a b "Disney 2010 Fourth Quarter". p. 2. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/quarterly_earnings/2010_q4.pdf.
- ^ a b "THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR EARNINGS FOR FISCAL 2011". p. 2. http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/pdfs/Q411_PR_FINAL.pdf.
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- ^ a b "75 Organizations Asked To Join Showtime Boycott". Catalyst Online. Catholic League. May 29, 2001. http://www.catholicleague.org/release.php?id=381. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
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- ^ "Southern Baptists end 8-year Disney boycott". MSNBC.com. June 22, 2005. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8318263/. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
- ^ "Beware of Mickey: Disney's Sweatshop in South China". Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations. February 10, 2007. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070210015136/http://www.somo.nl/monitoring/reports/hkcic01-02.htm. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
- ^ Staff writer (June 20, 2001). source "Disney's duds are tops in sweatshop labour, Oxfam". CBC.com. http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2001/06/18/sweatshops_010618.html source. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
- ^ "Disney Environmentality - Enviroport 2007". Corporate.disney.go.com. http://corporate.disney.go.com/environmentality/enviroport/2007/index.html. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ "J&J, Walt Disney, Kraft Foods Top CSR Ranking · Environmental Management & Energy News · Environmental Leader". Environmentalleader.com. 2010-10-13. http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/10/13/jj-walt-disney-krafts-foods-top-csr-ranking. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
Further reading[link]
- Building a Company: Roy O. Disney and the Creation of an Entertainment Empire, Bob Thomas, 1998
- Building a Dream; The Art of Disney Architecture, Beth Dunlop, 1996, ISBN 0-8109-3142-7
- Cult of the Mouse: Can We Stop Corporate Greed from Killing Innovation in America?, Henry M. Caroselli, 2004, Ten Speed Press
- Disney: The Mouse Betrayed, Peter Schweizer
- The Disney Touch: How a Daring Management Team Revived an Entertainment Empire, by Ron Grover (Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1991), ISBN 1-55623-385-X
- The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney, Richard Schickel, 1968, revised 1997
- Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles, Cecil Munsey, 1974
- Disneyization of Society: Alan Bryman, 2004
- DisneyWar, James B. Stewart, Simon & Schuster, 2005, ISBN 0-684-80993-1
- Donald Duck Joins Up; the Walt Disney Studio During World War II, Richard Shale, 1982
- How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic ISBN 0-88477-023-0 (Marxist Critique) Ariel Dorfman, Armand Mattelart, David Kunzle (translator).
- Inside the Dream: The Personal Story of Walt Disney, Katherine Greene & Richard Greene, 2001
- The Keys to the Kingdom: How Michael Eisner Lost His Grip, Kim Masters (Morrow, 2000)
- The Man Behind the Magic; the Story of Walt Disney, Katherine & Richard Greene, 1991, revised 1998, ISBN 0-7868-5350-6
- Married to the Mouse, Richard E. Foglesorg, Yale University Press.
- Mouse Tales: A Behind-the-Ears Look at Disneyland, David Koenig, 1994, revised 2005, ISBN 0-9640605-4-X
- Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records, Tim Hollis and Greg Ehrbar, 2006, ISBN 1-57806-849-5
- Storming the Magic Kingdom: Wall Street, the raiders, and the battle for Disney, John Taylor, 1987 New York Times
- The Story of Walt Disney, Diane Disney Miller & Pete Martin, 1957
- Team Rodent, Carl Hiassen.
- Walt Disney: An American Original, Bob Thomas, 1976, revised 1994, ISBN 0-671-22332-1
- Work in Progress by Michael Eisner with Tony Schwartz (Random House, 1998), ISBN 978-0-375-50071-8
External links[link]
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This article is about Walt Disney, the person. For the company he founded, see The Walt Disney Company. For other uses, see Walt Disney (disambiguation).
| Walt Disney | |
|---|---|
 Walt Disney on January 1, 1954 |
|
| Born | Walter Elias Disney (1901-12-05)December 5, 1901[1] Hermosa, Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | December 15, 1966(1966-12-15) (aged 65) Burbank, California, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Lung Cancer |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California, U.S. |
| Residence | Burbank, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | McKinley High School |
| Occupation | Film producer, Co-founder of The Walt Disney Company, formerly known as Walt Disney Productions |
| Years active | 1920–1966 |
| Home town | Chicago, Illinois |
| Political party | Republican |
| Board member of | The Walt Disney Company |
| Religion | Christian (Congregationalist)[2] |
| Spouse | Lillian Bounds (1925–1966; his death) |
| Children | Diane Marie Disney Sharon Mae Disney |
| Parents | Elias Disney Flora Call Disney |
| Relatives | Ronald William Miller (son-in-law) Robert Borgfeldt Brown (son-in-law) Roy Edward Disney (nephew) |
| Family | Herbert Arthur Disney (brother) Raymond Arnold Disney (brother) Roy Oliver Disney (brother) Ruth Flora Disney (sister) |
| Awards | 7 Emmy Awards, 22 Academy Awards, Cecil B.DeMille Award |
| Signature |  |
Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon,[3] and philanthropist, well known for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century. Along with his brother Roy O. Disney, he was co-founder of Walt Disney Productions, which later became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world. The corporation is now known as The Walt Disney Company and had an annual revenue of approximately US$36 billion in the 2010 financial year.[4]
Disney is particularly noted as a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design. He and his staff created some of the world's most well-known fictional characters including Mickey Mouse, for whom Disney himself provided the original voice. During his lifetime he received four honorary Academy Awards and won 22 Academy Awards from a total of 59 nominations, including a record four in one year,[5] giving him more awards and nominations than any other individual in history.[6] Disney also won seven Emmy Awards and gave his name to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the U.S., as well as the international resorts Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland.
The year after his December 15, 1966 death from lung cancer in Burbank, California, construction began on Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. His brother Roy Disney inaugurated the Magic Kingdom on October 1, 1971.
Contents |
1901–1937: Beginnings[link]
Childhood[link]
File:Flora and Elias Disney.JPG
Walt’s parents, Elias and Flora (Call) Disney
Disney was born on December 5, 1901, at 2156 N. Tripp Avenue in Chicago's Hermosa community area to Irish-Canadian father Elias Disney and Flora Call Disney, who was of German and English descent.[7][8] His great-grandfather, Arundel Elias Disney, had emigrated from Gowran, County Kilkenny, Ireland where he was born in 1801. Arundel Disney was a descendant of Robert d'Isigny, a Frenchman who had travelled to England with William the Conqueror in 1066.[9] With the d'Isigny name anglicised as "Disney", the family settled in a village now known as Norton Disney, south of the city of Lincoln, in the county of Lincolnshire.
In 1878, Disney's father Elias had moved from Huron County, Ontario, Canada to the United States at first seeking gold in California before finally settling down to farm with his parents near Ellis, Kansas, until 1884. Elias worked for the Union Pacific Railroad and married Flora Call on January 1, 1888, in Acron, Florida. The family moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1890,[10] hometown of his brother Robert[10] who helped Elias financially for most of his early life.[10] In 1906, when Walt was four, Elias and his family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri,[11] where his brother Roy had recently purchased farmland.[11] In Marceline, Disney developed his love for drawing[12] with one of the family's neighbors, a retired doctor named "Doc" Sherwood, paying him to draw pictures of Sherwood's horse, Rupert.[12] His interest in trains also developed in Marceline, a town that owed its existence to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway which ran through it. Walt would put his ear to the tracks in anticipation of the coming train[8] then try and spot his uncle, engineer Michael Martin, conducting the train.
The Disneys remained in Marceline for four years,[13] before moving to Kansas City in 1911[14] where Walt and his younger sister Ruth attended the Benton Grammar School. At school he met Walter Pfeiffer who came from a family of theatre aficionados, and introduced Walt to the world of vaudeville and motion pictures. Before long Walt was spending more time at the Pfeiffers' than at home.[15] As well as attending Saturday courses at the Kansas City Art Institute,[16] Walt often took Ruth to Electric Park, 15 blocks from their home, which Disney would later acknowledge as a major influence of his design of Disneyland.[citation needed]
Teenage years[link]
In 1917, Elias acquired shares in the O-Zell jelly factory in Chicago and moved his family back to the city,[17] where in the fall Disney began his freshman year at McKinley High School and took night courses at the Chicago Art Institute.[18] He became the cartoonist for the school newspaper, drawing patriotic topics and focusing on World War I. Despite dropping out of high school at the age of sixteen to join the army, Disney was rejected for being underage.[19]
After his rejection by the army, Walt and a friend decided to join the Red Cross.[20] Soon after joining he was sent to France for a year, where he drove an ambulance, but only after the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918.[21]
Hoping to find work outside the Chicago O-Zell factory,[22] in 1919 Walt moved back to Kansas City to begin his artistic career.[23] After considering whether to become an actor or a newspaper artist, he decided on a career as a newspaper artist, drawing political caricatures or comic strips. But when nobody wanted to hire him as either an artist or even as an ambulance driver, his brother Roy, then working in a local bank, got Walt a temporary job through a bank colleague at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio[23] where he created advertisements for newspapers, magazines, and movie theaters.[24] At Pesmen-Rubin he met cartoonist Ubbe Iwerks[25] and when their time at the studio expired, they decided to start their own commercial company together.[26]
In January 1920, Disney and Iwerks formed a short-lived company called, "Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists". However, following a rough start, Disney left temporarily to earn money at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, and was soon joined by Iwerks who was not able to run their business alone.[27] While working for the Kansas City Film Ad Company, where he made commercials based on cutout animations, Disney became interested in animation, and decided to become an animator.[28] The owner of the Ad Company, A.V. Cauger, allowed him to borrow a camera from work to experiment with at home. After reading the Edwin G. Lutz book Animated Cartoons: How They Are Made, Their Origin and Development, Disney considered cel animation to be much more promising than the cutout animation he was doing for Cauger. Walt eventually decided to open his own animation business,[29] and recruited a fellow co-worker at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, Fred Harman, as his first employee.[29] Walt and Harman then secured a deal with local theater owner Frank L. Newman, arguably the most popular "showman" in the Kansas City area at the time,[30] to screen their cartoons at his local theater, which they titled Laugh-O-Grams.[30]
Laugh-O-Gram Studio[link]
Presented as "Newman Laugh-O-Grams",[30] Disney's cartoons became widely popular in the Kansas City area[31] and through their success, he was able to acquire his own studio, also called Laugh-O-Gram,[32] for which he hired a vast number of additional animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh Harman, Rudolf Ising, and his close friend Ubbe Iwerks.[33] Unfortunately, studio profits were insufficient to cover the high salaries paid to employees. Unable to successfully manage money,[34] Disney's studio became loaded with debt[34] and wound up bankrupt[35] whereupon he decided to set up a studio in the movie industry's capital city, Hollywood, California.[36]
Hollywood[link]
Disney and his brother Roy pooled their money and set up a cartoon studio in Hollywood[37] where they needed to find a distributor for Walt's new Alice Comedies, which he had started making while in Kansas City[35] but never got to distribute. Disney sent an unfinished print to New York distributor Margaret Winkler, who promptly wrote back to him that she was keen on a distribution deal for more live-action/animated shorts based upon Alice's Wonderland.[38]
Alice Comedies[link]
Virginia Davis, the live-action star of Alice’s Wonderland and her family relocated from Kansas City to Hollywood at Disney's request, as did Iwerks and his family. This was the beginning of the Disney Brothers' Studio located on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district, where it remained until 1939. In 1925, Disney hired a young woman named Lillian Bounds to ink and paint celluloid. After a brief courtship, the pair married that same year.
The new series, Alice Comedies, proved reasonably successful, and featured both Dawn O'Day and Margie Gay as Alice with Lois Hardwick also briefly assuming the role. By the time the series ended in 1927, its focus was more on the animated characters and in particular a cat named Julius who resembled Felix the Cat, rather than the live-action Alice.
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit[link]
Main article: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
By 1927, Charles Mintz had married Margaret Winkler and assumed control of her business. He then ordered a new all-animated series to be put into production for distribution through Universal Pictures. The new series, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, was an almost instant success, and the character, Oswald — drawn and created by Iwerks — became a popular figure. The Disney studio expanded and Walt re-hired Harman, Rudolph Ising, Carman Maxwell, and Friz Freleng from Kansas City.
Disney went to New York in February 1928 to negotiate a higher fee per short and was shocked when Mintz told him that not only did he want to reduce the fee he paid Disney per short but also that he had most of his main animators, including Harman, Ising, Maxwell, and Freleng—but not Iwerks, who refused to leave Disney—under contract and would start his own studio if Disney did not accept the reduced production budgets. Universal, not Disney, owned the Oswald trademark, and could make the films without Walt. Disney declined Mintz's offer and as a result lost most of his animation staff whereupon he found himself on his own again.[39]
It subsequently took his company 78 years to get back the rights to the Oswald character when in 2006 the Walt Disney Company reacquired the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit from NBC Universal, through a trade for longtime ABC sports commentator Al Michaels.[40]
Mickey Mouse[link]
Main article: Mickey Mouse
After losing the rights to Oswald, Disney felt the need to develop a new character to replace him, which was based on a mouse he had adopted as a pet while working in his Laugh-O-Gram studio in Kansas City.[41] Ub Iwerks reworked the sketches made by Disney to make the character easier to animate although Mickey's voice and personality were provided by Disney himself until 1947. In the words of one Disney employee, "Ub designed Mickey's physical appearance, but Walt gave him his soul."[41] Besides Oswald and Mickey, a similar mouse-character is seen in the Alice Comedies, which featured "Ike the Mouse". Moreover, the first Flip the Frog cartoon called Fiddlesticks showed a Mickey Mouse look-alike playing fiddle. The initial films were animated by Iwerks with his name prominently featured on the title cards. Originally named "Mortimer", the mouse was later re-christened "Mickey" by Lillian Disney who thought that the name Mortimer did not fit. Mortimer later became the name of Mickey's rival for Minnie – taller than his renowned adversary and speaking with a Brooklyn accent.
The first animated short to feature Mickey, Plane Crazy was a silent film like all of Disney's previous works. After failing to find a distributor for the short and its follow-up, The Gallopin' Gaucho, Disney created a Mickey cartoon with sound called Steamboat Willie. A businessman named Pat Powers provided Disney with both distribution and Cinephone, a sound-synchronization process. Steamboat Willie became an instant success,[42] and Plane Crazy, The Galloping Gaucho, and all future Mickey cartoons were released with soundtracks. After the release of Steamboat Willie, Disney successfully used sound in all of his subsequent cartoons, and Cinephone also became the new distributor for Disney's early sound cartoons.[43] Mickey soon eclipsed Felix the Cat as the world's most popular cartoon character[41] and by 1930, despite their having sound, cartoons featuring Felix had faded from the screen after failing to gain attention.[44] Mickey's popularity would subsequently skyrocket in the early 1930s.[41]
[edit] Silly Symphonies
Following in the footsteps of Mickey Mouse series, a series of musical shorts titled, Silly Symphonies were released in 1929. The first, The Skeleton Dance was entirely drawn and animated by Iwerks, who was also responsible for drawing the majority of cartoons released by Disney in 1928 and 1929. Although both series were successful, the Disney studio thought it was not receiving its rightful share of profits from Pat Powers,[45] and in 1930, Disney signed a new distribution deal with Columbia Pictures. The original basis of the cartoons was their musical novelty with the first Silly Symphony cartoons featuring scores by Carl Stalling.[46]
Iwerks was soon lured by Powers into opening his own studio with an exclusive contract, while Stalling would also later leave Disney to join Iwerks.[47] Iwerks launched his Flip the Frog series with the first voiced color cartoon Fiddlesticks, filmed in two-strip Technicolor. Iwerks also created two other cartoon series, Willie Whopper and the Comicolor. In 1936, Iwerks shut down his studio in order to work on various projects dealing with animation technology. He would return to Disney in 1940 and go on to pioneer a number of film processes and specialized animation technologies in the studio's research and development department.
By 1932, although Mickey Mouse had become a relatively popular cinema character, Silly Symphonies was not as successful. The same year also saw competition increase as Max Fleischer's flapper cartoon character, Betty Boop, gained popularity among theater audiences.[48] Fleischer, considered Disney's main rival in the 1930s,[49] was also the father of Richard Fleischer, whom Disney would later hire to direct his 1954 film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Meanwhile, Columbia Pictures dropped the distribution of Disney cartoons to be replaced by United Artists.[50] In late 1932, Herbert Kalmus, who had just completed work on the first three-strip technicolor camera,[51] approached Walt and convinced him to reshoot the black and white Flowers and Trees in three-strip Technicolor.[52] Flowers and Trees would go on to be a phenomenal success and would also win the first 1932 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons. After the release of Flowers and Trees, all subsequent Silly Symphony cartoons were in color while Disney was also able to negotiate a two-year deal with Technicolor, giving him the sole right to use their three-strip process,[53][54] a period eventually extended to five years.[46] Through Silly Symphonies, Disney also created his most successful cartoon short of all time, The Three Little Pigs (1933).[55] The cartoon ran in theaters for many months, featuring the hit song that became the anthem of the Great Depression, "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf".[56]
First Academy Award[link]
In 1932, Disney received a special Academy Award for the creation of "Mickey Mouse", a series which switched to color in 1935 and soon launched spin-offs for supporting characters such as Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto. Pluto and Donald became standalone cartoons in 1937,[57] with Goofy following in 1939.[58] Of all Mickey's partners, Donald Duck, who first teamed up with Mickey in the 1934 cartoon, Orphan's Benefit, was arguably the most popular, going on to become Disney's second most successful cartoon character of all time.[59]
Children[link]
The Disneys' first attempt at pregnancy ended in miscarriage. Lillian became pregnant again and gave birth to a daughter, Diane Marie Disney, on December 18, 1933.[60] Later, the Disneys adopted Sharon Mae Disney (December 31, 1936 – February 16, 1993).[61]
Diane married Ron Miller at the age of 20 and is known as Diane Disney Miller. The Millers established and own a winery called Silverado Vineyards in California.[62] Diane and Ron Miller have seven children: Christopher, Joanna, Tamara, Jennifer, Walter, Ronald and Patrick.[63] Years later, Diane went on to become the cofounder of The Walt Disney Family Museum, with the aid of her children.[60] The museum was created to preserve her father's image and reach out to millions of Disney fans worldwide.[64] The museum displays a chronological view of Walt Disney's life through personal artifacts, interactive kiosks and various animations.[64]
Sharon Mae Disney was born December 31, 1936, in Los Angeles, California and was later adopted by the Disneys, due to Lillian's several birth complications.[63][65] In 1950, Sharon went on to star as herself in the Walt Disney Studios special One Hour in Wonderland.[66] Sharon married Robert Brown in 1958, with whom she had one child, and they remained married until his death in 1967.[65] Sharon married William Lund in 1969 and had two children with him, but six years later they divorced.[65][67] Sharon was a philanthropist and had contributed to charities such as the Marianne Frostig Center of Educational Therapy and the Curtis School foundation.[68] In 1993 at the age of 57, Sharon died from cancer at St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California.[65] After Sharon's death, her estate donated $11 million to the California School of Performing Arts, where she was a member of the board of trustees for almost two decades. Sharon's donation was commemorated by renaming the School of Dance the Sharon D. Lund School of Dance.[60][69]
1937–1941: Golden age of animation[link]
[edit] "Disney's Folly": Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
.jpg)
Following the creation of two cartoon series, in 1934 Disney began planning a full-length feature. The following year, opinion polls showed that another cartoon series, Popeye the Sailor, produced by Max Fleischer, was more popular than Mickey Mouse.[70] Nevertheless, Disney was able to put Mickey back on top as well as increase his popularity by colorizing and partially redesigning the character to become what was considered his most appealing design to date.[41] When the film industry learned of Disney's plans to produce an animated feature-length version of Snow White, they were certain that the endeavor would destroy the Disney Studio and dubbed the project "Disney's Folly". Both Lillian and Roy tried to talk Disney out of the project, but he continued plans for the feature, employing Chouinard Art Institute professor Don Graham to start a training operation for the studio staff. Disney then used the Silly Symphonies as a platform for experiments in realistic human animation, distinctive character animation, special effects, and the use of specialized processes and apparatus such as the multiplane camera – a new technique first used by Disney in the 1937 Silly Symphonies short The Old Mill.[71]
All of this development and training was used to increase quality at the studio and to ensure that the feature film would match Disney's quality expectations. Entitled Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the feature went into full production in 1934 and continued until mid-1937, when the studio ran out of money. To obtain the funding to complete Snow White, Disney had to show a rough cut of the motion picture to loan officers. The film premiered at the Carthay Circle Theater on December 21, 1937 and at its conclusion the audience gave Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs a standing ovation. Snow White, the first animated feature in America made in Technicolor, was released in February 1938 under a new distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures. RKO had been the distributor for Disney cartoons in 1936, after it closed down the Van Beuren Studios in exchange for distribution.[72] The film became the most successful motion picture of 1938 and earned over $8 million on its initial release. These initial release earnings for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs would be the equivalent of $122,487,945 in 2010.[73]
Golden age of animation[link]
Following the success of Snow White, for which Disney received one full-size, and seven miniature Oscar statuettes, he was able to build a new campus for the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, which opened for business on December 24, 1939. Snow White was not only the peak of Disney's success, but also ushered in a period that would later be known as the Golden Age of Animation for the studio.[74][75] Feature animation staff, having just completed Pinocchio, continued work on Fantasia and Bambi as well as the early production stages of Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan and Wind in the Willows while the shorts staff carried on working on the Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto cartoon series, ending the Silly Symphonies at this time.[clarification needed More info needed on end of the Silly Symphonies to make a new and separate sentence.] Animator Fred Moore had redesigned Mickey Mouse in the late 1930s after Donald Duck overtook him in popularity among theater audiences.[76]
Pinocchio and Fantasia followed Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs into the movie theaters in 1940, but both proved financial disappointments. The inexpensive Dumbo was then planned as an income generator, but during production most of the animation staff went on strike, permanently straining relations between Disney and his artists.
1941–1945: World War II era[link]
In 1941, the U.S. State Department sent Disney and a group of animators to South America as part of its Good Neighbor policy, at the same time guaranteeing financing for the resultant movie, Saludos Amigos.[77]
Shortly after the release of Dumbo in October 1941, the US entered World War II. The U.S. Army and Navy Bureau of Aeronautics[78] contracted most of the Disney studio's facilities where the staff created training and instruction films for the military, home-front morale-boosting shorts such as Der Fuehrer's Face and the 1943 feature film Victory Through Air Power. However, military films did not generate income, and the feature film Bambi underperformed on its release in April 1942. Disney successfully re-issued Snow White in 1944, establishing a seven-year re-release tradition for his features. In 1945, The Three Caballeros was the last animated feature released by the studio during the war.
In 1944, Encyclopædia Britannica publisher William Benton, entered into unsuccessful negotiations with Disney to make six to twelve educational films per annum. Disney was asked by the US Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, Office of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA), to make an educational film about the Amazon Basin, which resulted in the 1944 animated short, The Amazon Awakens.[79][80][81][82][83]
1945–1955: Post-war period[link]
Disney studios also created inexpensive package films, containing collections of cartoon shorts, and issued them to theaters during this period. These included Make Mine Music (1946), Melody Time (1948), Fun and Fancy Free (1947) and The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949). The latter had only two sections, the first based on The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame, and the second on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving. During this period, Disney also ventured into full-length dramatic films that mixed live action and animated scenes, including Song of the South and So Dear to My Heart. After the war ended, Mickey's popularity would also fade.[84]
By the late 1940s, the studio had recovered enough to continue production on the full-length features Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan, both of which had been shelved during the war years. Work also began on Cinderella, which became Disney's most successful film since Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In 1948 the studio also initiated a series of live-action nature films, titled True-Life Adventures, with On Seal Island the first. Despite its resounding success with feature films, the studio's animation shorts were no longer as popular as they once were, with people paying more attention to Warner Bros. and their animation star Bugs Bunny. By 1942, Leon Schlesinger Productions, which produced the Warner Bros. cartoons, had become the country's most popular animation studio.[85] However, while Bugs Bunny's popularity rose in the 1940s, so did Donald Duck's,[86] a character who would replace Mickey Mouse as Disney's star character by 1949.[87]
During the mid-1950s, Disney produced a number of educational films on the space program in collaboration with NASA rocket designer Wernher von Braun: Man in Space and Man and the Moon in 1955, and Mars and Beyond in 1957.
Disney and the Second Red Scare[link]
Disney was a founding member of the anti-communist group Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals. In 1947, during the Second Red Scare,[88] Disney testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), where he branded Herbert Sorrell, David Hilberman and William Pomerance, former animators and labor union organizers, Communist agitators. All three men denied the allegations and Sorrell went on to testify before the HUAC in 1946 when insufficient evidence was found to link him to the Communist Party.[89][90]
Disney also accused the Screen Cartoonists Guild of being a Communist front, and charged that the 1941 strike was part of an organized Communist effort to gain influence in Hollywood.[88]
1955–1966: Theme parks and beyond[link]
Planning Disneyland[link]
On a business trip to Chicago in the late-1940s, Disney drew sketches of his ideas for an amusement park where he envisioned his employees spending time with their children. The idea for a children's theme park came after a visit to Children's Fairyland in Oakland, California. It also said that Disney may have been inspired to create Disneyland in the park Republic of the Children located in Manuel B. Gonnet, La Plata, Argentina, and opened in 1951.[91] This plan was originally intended to be built on a plot located across the street to the south of the studio. These original ideas developed into a concept for a larger enterprise that would become Disneyland. Disney spent five years developing Disneyland and created a new subsidiary company, WED Enterprises, to carry out planning and production of the park. A small group of Disney studio employees joined the Disneyland development project as engineers and planners, and were dubbed Imagineers.[citation needed]
As Disney explained one of his earliest plans to Herb Ryman, who created the first aerial drawing of Disneyland presented to the Bank of America during fund raising for the project, he said, "Herbie, I just want it to look like nothing else in the world. And it should be surrounded by a train."[92] Entertaining his daughters and their friends in his backyard and taking them for rides on his Carolwood Pacific Railroad had inspired Disney to include a railroad in the plans for Disneyland.
Disneyland grand opening[link]
File:Waltopening.jpg
Walt Disney giving the dedication day speech July 17, 1955
Disneyland officially opened on July 18, 1955. On Sunday, July 17, 1955, Disneyland hosted a live TV preview, among the thousands of people in attendance were Ronald Reagan, Bob Cummings and Art Linkletter, who shared cohosting duties, as well as the mayor of Anaheim. Walt gave the following dedication day speech:
| “ | To all who come to this happy place; welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past .... and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams and the hard facts that have created America ... with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world. | ” |
Carolwood Pacific Railroad[link]
Main article: Carolwood Pacific Railroad
During 1949, Disney and his family moved to a new home on a large piece of land in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles, California. With the help of his friends Ward and Betty Kimball, who already had their own backyard railroad, Disney developed blueprints and immediately set to work on creating a miniature live steam railroad for his backyard. The name of the railroad, Carolwood Pacific Railroad, came from his home's location on Carolwood Drive. The railroad's half-mile long layout included a 46-foot (14 m) long trestle bridge, loops, overpasses, gradients, an elevated berm, and a 90-foot (27 m) tunnel underneath his wife's flowerbed. He named the miniature working steam locomotive built by Disney Studios engineer Roger E. Broggie Lilly Belle in his wife's honor and had his attorney draw up right-of-way papers giving the railroad a permanent, legal easement through the garden areas, which his wife dutifully signed; however, there is no evidence of the documents ever recorded as a restriction on the property's title.[clarification needed]
Expansion into new areas[link]
As Walt Disney Productions began work on Disneyland, it also began expanding its other entertainment operations. In 1950, Treasure Island became the studio's first all-live-action feature, soon followed by 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (in CinemaScope, 1954), Old Yeller (1957), The Shaggy Dog (1959), Pollyanna (1960), Swiss Family Robinson (1960), The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), and The Parent Trap (1961). The studio produced its first TV special, One Hour in Wonderland, in 1950. Disney began hosting a weekly anthology series on ABC entitled Disneyland, after the park, on which he aired clips of past Disney productions, gave tours of his studio, and familiarized the public with Disneyland as it was being constructed in Anaheim. The show also featured a Davy Crockett miniseries, which started the "Davy Crockett craze" among American youth, during which millions of coonskin caps and other Crockett memorabilia were sold across the country.[93] In 1955, the studio's first daily television show, Mickey Mouse Club debuted on ABC. It was a groundbreaking comedy/variety show aimed specifically for children. Disney took a strong personal interest in the show and even returned to the animation studio to voice Mickey Mouse in its animated segments during its original 1955-59 production run. The Mickey Mouse Club would continue in various incarnations in syndication and on the Disney Channel into the 1990s.
As the studio expanded and diversified into other media, Disney devoted less of his attention to the animation department, entrusting most of its operations to his key animators, whom he dubbed the Nine Old Men. Although he was spending less time supervising the production of the animated films, he was always present at story meetings.[94] During Disney's lifetime, the animation department created the successful Lady and the Tramp ( the first animated film in CinemaScope) in 1955, Sleeping Beauty ( the first animated film in Super Technirama 70mm) in 1959, One Hundred and One Dalmatians (the first animated feature film to use Xerox cels) in 1961, and The Sword in the Stone in 1963.
Production of short cartoons kept pace until 1956, when Disney shut down the responsible division although special shorts projects would continue for the remainder of the studio's duration on an irregular basis. These productions were all distributed by Disney's new subsidiary, Buena Vista Distribution, which had taken over all distribution duties for Disney films from RKO by 1955. Disneyland, one of the world's first theme parks, finally opened on July 17, 1955, and was immediately successful. Visitors from around the world came to visit Disneyland, which contained attractions based on a number of successful Disney characters and films.
After 1955, the Disneyland TV show was renamed Walt Disney Presents. It switched from black-and-white to color in 1961 and changed its name to Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, at the same time moving from ABC to NBC,[95] and eventually evolving into its current form as The Wonderful World of Disney. The series continued to air on NBC until 1981, when it was picked up by CBS.[96] Since then, it has aired on ABC, NBC, the Hallmark Channel and the Cartoon Network via separate broadcast rights deals. During its run, the Disney series offered some recurring characters, such as the newspaper reporter and sleuth "Gallegher" played by Roger Mobley with a plot based on the writings of Richard Harding Davis.
Disney had already formed his own music publishing division in 1949 and in 1956, partly inspired by the huge success of the television theme song The Ballad of Davy Crockett, he created a company-owned record production and distribution entity called Disneyland Records.
Early 1960s successes[link]
File:Shermans042.jpg
(Left to right) Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman and Walt Disney sing "There's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow" (1964)
By the early 1960s, the Disney empire had become a major success, and Walt Disney Productions had established itself as the world's leading producer of family entertainment. Walt Disney was the Head of Pageantry for the 1960 Winter Olympics.
After decades of pursuit, Disney finally acquired the rights to P.L. Travers' books about a magical nanny. Mary Poppins, released in 1964, was the most successful Disney film of the 1960s and featured a memorable song score written by Disney favorites, the Sherman Brothers. The same year, Disney debuted a number of exhibits at the 1964 New York World's Fair, including Audio-Animatronic figures, all of which were later integrated into attractions at Disneyland and a new theme park project which was to be established on the East Coast.
Although the studio would probably have proved major competition for Hanna-Barbera, Disney decided not to enter the race and mimic Hanna-Barbera by producing Saturday morning TV cartoon series. With the expansion of Disney's empire and constant production of feature films, the financial burden involved in such a move would have proven too great.
Plans for Disney World and EPCOT[link]
In early 1964, Disney announced plans to develop another theme park to be called Disney World a few miles southwest of Orlando, Florida. Disney World was to include "the Magic Kingdom", a larger, more elaborate version of Disneyland. It would also feature a number of golf courses and resort hotels. The heart of Disney World, however, was to be the Experimental Prototype City (or Community) of Tomorrow, known as EPCOT for short.
Mineral King Ski Resort[link]
During the early-to-mid 1960s, Walt Disney developed plans for a ski resort in Mineral King, a glacial valley in California's Sierra Nevada mountain range. He brought in experts such as the renowned Olympic ski coach and ski-area designer Willy Schaeffler, who helped plan a visitor village, ski runs and ski lifts among the several bowls surrounding the valley. Plans finally moved into action in the mid 1960s, but Walt died before the actual work started. Disney's death and opposition from conservationists ensured that the resort was never built.
Death[link]
Like many people of the time, Walt Disney was a chain smoker his entire adult life, although he made sure he was not seen smoking around children.[97] In 1966, Disney was scheduled to undergo surgery to repair an old neck injury[98] caused by many years of playing polo at the Riviera Club in Hollywood.[99] On November 2, during pre-operative X-rays, doctors at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center, across the street from the Disney Studio, discovered a tumor in his left lung.[100] Five days later a biopsy showed the tumor to be malignant and to have spread throughout the entire left lung.[100] After removal of the lung, doctors informed Disney that his life expectancy was six months to two years.[100] After several chemotherapy sessions, Disney and his wife spent a short amount of time in Palm Springs, California.[98] On November 30, Disney collapsed at his home. He was revived by fire department personnel and rushed to St. Joseph's where on December 15, 1966, at 9:30 a.m., ten days after his 65th birthday, Disney died of acute circulatory collapse, caused by lung cancer.[98] The last thing he reportedly wrote before his death was the name of actor Kurt Russell, the significance of which remains a mystery, even to Russell.[101]
Roy O. Disney continued out with the Florida project, insisting that the name be changed to Walt Disney World in honor of his brother.
The final productions in which Disney played an active role were the animated feature The Jungle Book and the animated short Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, as well as the live-action musical feature The Happiest Millionaire, all released in 1967. Songwriter Robert B. Sherman recalled of the last time he saw Disney:
| “ | He was up in the third floor of the animation building after a run-through of The Happiest Millionaire. He usually held court in the hallway afterward for the people involved with the picture. And he started talking to them, telling them what he liked and what they should change, and then, when they were through, he turned to us and with a big smile, he said, 'Keep up the good work, boys.' And he walked to his office. It was the last we ever saw of him.[102] | ” |
Hibernation Urban Legend[link]
A long-standing urban legend maintains that Disney was cryogenically frozen, and his frozen corpse stored beneath the Pirates of the Caribbean ride at Disneyland.[103] In fact, Disney was cremated on December 17, 1966, and his ashes interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. The first known human cryogenic freezing did not occur until January 1967, more than a month after Disney's death.[103]
According to "at least one Disney publicist", as reported in the French magazine Ici Paris in 1969, the source of the rumor was a group of Disney Studio animators with "a bizarre sense of humor" who were playing a final prank on their late boss.[104]
Although the rumor is acknowledged as false by most historians, Robert Mosley (in Disney’s World (1986)) and Marc Eliot (in Walt Disney – Hollywood’s Dark Prince (1993)) argue that Disney may have known of cryonics and may have had an interest in the science.[105] However his daughter Diane wrote in 1972, "There is absolutely no truth to the rumor that my father, Walt Disney, wished to be frozen. I doubt that my father had ever heard of cryonics."[104]
Legacy: 1967–present[link]
Continuing Disney Productions[link]
After Walt Disney's death, Roy Disney returned from retirement to take full control of Walt Disney Productions and WED Enterprises. In October 1971, the families of Walt and Roy met in front of Cinderella Castle at the Magic Kingdom to officially open the Walt Disney World Resort.
After giving his dedication for Walt Disney World, Roy asked Lillian Disney to join him. As the orchestra played "When You Wish upon a Star", she stepped up to the podium accompanied by Mickey Mouse. He then said, "Lilly, you knew all of Walt's ideas and hopes as well as anybody; what would Walt think of it [Walt Disney World]?". "I think Walt would have approved," she replied.[106] Roy died from a cerebral hemorrhage on December 20, 1971, the day he was due to open the Disneyland Christmas parade.
During the second phase of the "Walt Disney World" theme park, EPCOT was translated by Disney's successors into EPCOT Center, which opened in 1982. As it currently exists, EPCOT is essentially a living world's fair, different from the actual functional city that Disney had envisioned. In 1992, Walt Disney Imagineering took the step closer to Disney's original ideas and dedicated Celebration, Florida, a town built by the Walt Disney Company adjacent to Walt Disney World, that hearkens back to the spirit of EPCOT. EPCOT was also originally intended to be devoid of Disney characters which initially limited the appeal of the park to young children. However, the company later changed this policy and Disney characters can now be found throughout the park, often dressed in costumes reflecting the different pavilions.
The Disney entertainment empire[link]
Today, Walt Disney's animation/motion picture studios and theme parks have developed into a multi-billion dollar television, motion picture, vacation destination and media corporation that carry his name. Among other assets The Walt Disney Company owns five vacation resorts, eleven theme parks, two water parks, thirty-nine hotels, eight motion picture studios, six record labels, eleven cable television networks, and one terrestrial television network. As of 2007, the company had annual revenues of over U.S. $35 billion.[107]
Disney Animation[link]
Walt Disney was a pioneer in character animation. He was one of the first people to move away from basic cartoons with just "impossible outlandish gags" and crudely drawn characters to an art form with heartwarming stories and characters the audience can connect to on an emotional level. The personality displayed in the characters of his films and the technological advancements remain influential when animating today. He was also considered by many of his colleagues to be a master storyteller and the animation department did not fully recover from his demise until the late 1980s in a period known as the Disney Renaissance. The most financially and critically successful films produced during this time include Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992) and The Lion King (1994). In 1995, Walt Disney Pictures distributed Pixar's Toy Story, the first computer animated feature film. Walt Disney's nephew Roy E. Disney claimed that Walt would have loved Toy Story and that it was "his kind of movie".[108] With the rise of computer animated films a stream of financially unsuccessful Traditional hand-drawn animated features in the early years of the 2000s (decade) emerged. This led to the company's controversial decision to close the traditional animation department. The two satellite studios in Paris and Orlando were closed, and the main studio in Burbank was converted to a computer animation production facility, firing hundreds of people in the process. In 2004, Disney released what was announced as their final "traditionally animated" feature film, Home on the Range. However, since the 2006 acquisition of Pixar, and the resulting rise of John Lasseter to Chief Creative Officer, that position has changed with the largely successful 2009 film The Princess and the Frog. This marked Disney's return to traditional hand-drawn animation and the studio hired back staff who had been laid-off in the past. Today, Disney produces both traditional and computer animation.
CalArts[link]
In his later years, Disney devoted substantial time to funding The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts). Formed in 1961 through a merger of the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and the Chouinard Art Institute, which had helped in the training of the animation staff during the 1930s, when Disney died, one-fourth of his estate went to CalArts, which helped in building its campus. In his will, Disney paved the way for the creation of several charitable trusts which included one for the California Institute of the Arts and other for the Disney Foundation.[109] He also donated 38 acres (0.154 km2) of the Golden Oaks ranch in Valencia for construction of the school. CalArts moved onto the Valencia campus in 1972.
In an early admissions bulletin, Disney explained: "A hundred years ago, Wagner conceived of a perfect and all-embracing art, combining music, drama, painting, and the dance, but in his wildest imagination he had no hint what infinite possibilities were to become commonplace through the invention of recording, radio, cinema and television. There already have been geniuses combining the arts in the mass-communications media, and they have already given us powerful new art forms. The future holds bright promise for those who imaginations are trained to play on the vast orchestra of the art-in-combination. Such supermen will appear most certainly in those environments which provide contact with all the arts, but even those who devote themselves to a single phase of art will benefit from broadened horizons."[110]
Walt Disney Family Museum[link]
In 2009, The Walt Disney Family Museum opened in the Presidio of San Francisco. Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career are on display, including 248 awards that he received.[111]
Antisemitism accusations[link]
Disney was long rumored to be antisemitic during his lifetime, and such rumors have persisted after his death. Indeed, in the 1930s he welcomed German filmmaker and Nazi propagandist Leni Riefenstahl to Hollywood.[112] Disney biographer Neal Gabler, the first writer to gain unrestricted access to the Disney archives, concluded in 2006 that available evidence does not support such accusations. In a CBS interview Gabler summarized his findings:
| “ | That's one of the questions everybody asks me... My answer to that is, not in the conventional sense that we think of someone as being an antisemite. But he got the reputation because, in the 1940s, he got himself allied with a group called the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, which was an anti-Communist and antisemitic organization. And though Walt himself, in my estimation, was not antisemitic, nevertheless, he willingly allied himself with people who were antisemitic, and that reputation stuck. He was never really able to expunge it throughout his life.[113] | ” |
Disney eventually distanced himself from the Motion Picture Alliance in the 1950s.[114]
The Walt Disney Family Museum acknowledges that Disney did have "difficult relationships" with some Jewish individuals, and that ethnic stereotypes common to films of the 1930s were included in some early cartoons, such as Three Little Pigs and The Opry House. However, the museum points out that Disney employed Jews throughout his career, donated to several Jewish charities (The Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Yeshiva College[disambiguation needed 
], Jewish Home for the Aged, The American League for a Free Palestine)[114] and was named "1955 Man of the Year" by the B'nai B'rith chapter in Beverly Hills.[114][115]
Academy Awards[link]
Walt Disney holds the record for both the most Academy Award nominations (59) and the number of Oscars awarded (22). He also earned four honorary Oscars. His last competitive Academy Award was posthumous.[116]
- 1932: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Flowers and Trees (1932)
- 1932: Honorary Award for creation of Mickey Mouse.
- 1934: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Three Little Pigs (1933)
- 1935: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: The Tortoise and the Hare (1934)
- 1936: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Three Orphan Kittens (1935)
- 1937: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: The Country Cousin (1936)
- 1938: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: The Old Mill (1937)
- 1939: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Ferdinand the Bull (1938)
- 1939: Honorary Award for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) The citation read, "For Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, recognized as a significant screen innovation which has charmed millions and pioneered a great new entertainment field." (The award, unique in the history of the Oscars, is one large statuette and seven miniature statuettes.)[5]
- 1940: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Ugly Duckling (1939)
- 1941: Honorary Award for Fantasia (1940), shared with: William E. Garity and J.N.A. Hawkins. The citation for the certificate of merit read, "For their outstanding contribution to the advancement of the use of sound in motion pictures through the production of Fantasia."[5]
- 1942: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Lend a Paw (1941)
- 1943: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Der Fuehrer's Face (1942)
- 1949: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Seal Island (1948)
- 1949: Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award (Honorary Award)
- 1951: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Beaver Valley (1950)
- 1952: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Nature's Half Acre (1951)
- 1953: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Water Birds (1952)
- 1954: Best Documentary, Features: The Living Desert (1953)
- 1954: Best Documentary, Short Subjects: The Alaskan Eskimo (1953)
- 1954: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom (1953)
- 1954: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Bear Country (1953)
- 1955: Best Documentary, Features: The Vanishing Prairie (1954)
- 1956: Best Documentary, Short Subjects: Men Against the Arctic
- 1959: Best Short Subject, Live Action Subjects: Grand Canyon
- 1969: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day
Other honors[link]
Walt Disney was the inaugural recipient of a star on the Anaheim walk of stars awarded in recognition of his significant contribution to the city of Anaheim and specifically Disneyland, which is now the Disneyland Resort. The star is located at the pedestrian entrance to the Disneyland Resort on Harbor Boulevard. Disney has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures and the other for his television work.
Walt Disney received the Congressional Gold Medal on May 24, 1968 (P.L. 90-316, 82 Stat. 130–131) and the Légion d'Honneur awarded by France in 1935.[117] In 1935, Walt received a special medal from the League of Nations for creation of Mickey Mouse, held to be Mickey Mouse award.[118] He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom on September 14, 1964.[119] On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Walt Disney into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.
A minor planet, 4017 Disneya, discovered in 1980 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina, is named after him.[120]
The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, opened in 2003, was named in his honor.
Waltograph, a freeware typeface, is based on his signature and handwriting.
In 1993, HBO began development of a Walt Disney biopic, directed by Frank Pierson and produced by Lawrence Turman, but the project never materialized and was soon abandoned.[121] However, Walt - The Man Behind the Myth, a biographical documentary about Disney, was later made.[122]
| Preceded by None |
Voice of Mickey Mouse 1928–1947, 1955-1959 |
Succeeded by Jimmy MacDonald |
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Walt Disney". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000370/. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ http://www.disneydreamer.com/Waltfaith.htm
- ^ Dave Bryan (2002-08-13). "Walt Disney Helped Wernher von Braun Sell Americans on Space". Associated Press. http://www.space.com/news/spacehistory/vonbraun_disney_020813.html. Retrieved 2010-09-27. [dead link]
- ^ "2010 Form 10-K, Walt Disney Company". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1001039/000119312510268910/d10k.htm.
- ^ a b c "Walt Disney Academy awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/index.jsp. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Results Page - Academy Awards Database". http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics/indexStats.html. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Walt Disney, the man behind the mouse". Chicago Sun-Times. 2009-09-27. http://www.suntimes.com/lifestyles/1790811,disney-walt-museum-san-francisco-092709.article. Retrieved 2010-10-21. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Walt Disney biography". Just Disney. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20080605151444/http://www.justdisney.com/WaltDisney100/biography01.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Disneyland Paris. Michelin. 2002-08-07. p. 38. ISBN 2-06-048002-7.
- ^ a b c Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 7.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 9-10.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 15.
- ^ "Walt Disney Hometown Museum". Walt Disney Museum. http://www.waltdisneymuseum.org/. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 18.
- ^ Thomas 1991, pp. 33–41
- ^ "Biography of Walt Disney, Film Producer – kchistory.org – Retrieved September 14, 2009". Kchistory.org. http://kchistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/Biographies&CISOPTR=31&CISOBOX=1&REC=2. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 30.
- ^ Thomas 1991, pp. 42–43
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 36.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 37.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 38.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 42.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 44.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 45.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 46.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 48.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 51.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 52.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 56.
- ^ a b c Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 57.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 58.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 64.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 64-71.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 68.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 72.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 75.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 78.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 80.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 109.
- ^ Stay 'tooned: Disney gets 'Oswald' for Al Michaels, at ESPN web site, retrieved January 4, 2010
- ^ a b c d e Solomon, Charles. "The Golden Age of Mickey Mouse". Disney. Archived from the original on 2008-07-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20080710052034/http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/mickeymousegoldenage/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 128.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 129.
- ^ Gordon, Ian (2002). "Felix the Cat". St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100434. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 142.
- ^ a b Merritt, Russell. "THE BIRTH OF THE SILLY SYMPHONIES". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/sillysymphonies/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1930.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Langer, Mark (July 1997) (PDF). Popeye From Strip To Screen. 2. Animation Magazine. pp. 17–19. http://www.awn.com/mag/issue2.4/AWNMag2.4.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Fleischer brothers". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106382/Fleischer-brothers. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1932.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "System 4". Widescreen Museum. http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/oldcolor/technicolor4.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "System 4". Widescreen Museum. http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/oldcolor/technicolor5.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Walt Disney at the Museum?". Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. http://www.mbam.qc.ca/disney/index_en.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Once Upon a Time: Walt Disney: The Sources of Inspiration for the Disney Studios". fps magazine. http://www.fpsmagazine.com/review/070312onceupon.php. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Danks, Adrian. "Huffing and Puffing about Three Little Pigs". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080422180415/http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/03/29/3_little_pigs.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Three Little Pigs". Disney. http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/pigs/pigs.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1937.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "GOOFY BIOGRAPHY". Tripod.com. http://members.tripod.com/~kariv/bio.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Donald Duck". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9096160/Donald-Duck. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b c "The Windows on Main Street: Sharon Lund « WDW Central". Wdwcentral.wordpress.com. 2008-12-01. http://wdwcentral.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/the-windows-on-main-street-sharon-lund/. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "Social Security Death Index". Ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 2011-05-26. http://ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ^ "Silverado Vineyards". Silverado Vineyards. http://www.silveradovineyards.com/winery/history. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ a b Diane Disney - Biography
- ^ a b "Diane Disney Miller Remembers Dad: Walt's Secret Disneyland Apartment, His Passions & More (PHOTOS)". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/07/walt-disneys-secret-disneyland-apartment-diane-disney-miller_n_1259421.html. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ a b c d Sharon Disney - Biography
- ^ One Hour in Wonderland (TV 1950) - IMDb
- ^ Barrier, 2008, p.324)
- ^ "Sharon Disney Lund | Sharon Lund; Daughter of Walt Disney". Los Angeles Times. 1993-10-17. http://articles.latimes.com/1993-02-17/local/me-60_1_walt-disney. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "CalArts Honors Major Donors To Its $125 Million Campaign". Calarts.edu. http://calarts.edu/news/2007-mar-21/calarts-honors-major-donors-its-125-million-campaign. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "Popeye's Popularity – Article from 1935". Golden Age Cartoons. http://forums.goldenagecartoons.com/showthread.php?t=2907. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Walt Disney, Biography". Just Disney. Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20070710012642/http://www.justdisney.com/walt_disney/biography/long_bio.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Cartoons that Time Forgot". Images Journal. http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue08/reviews/vanbeuren/. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "The Inflation Calculator". The Inflation Calculator. http://www.westegg.com/inflation/infl.cgi. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "Walt Disney Studio Biography". Animation USA. http://www.animationusa.com/resources/aboutdisney.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21. [dead link]
- ^ "The Golden Age of Animation". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/goldenage/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Fantasia Review". The Big Cartoon Database. http://www.bcdb.com/bcdb/cartoon.cgi?film=15&m=r. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Walt & El Grupo (documentary film, 2008).
- ^ "U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State". Patrick Clancey. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
- ^ Gabler, 2006, p.444
- ^ Cramer, Gisela; Prutsch, Ursula, "Nelson A. Rockefeller's Office of Inter-American Affairs (1940–1946) and Record Group 229", Hispanic American Historical Review 2006 86(4):785–806; doi:10.1215/00182168-2006-050. Cf. p.795 and note 28.
- ^ Bender, Pennee. "Hollywood Meets South American and Stages a Show" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association. 2009-05-24 <[1][dead link]>
- ^ Niblo, Stephen R., "Mexico in the 1940s: Modernity, Politics, and Corruption", Wilimington, Del. : Scholarly Resources, 1999. ISBN 0-8420-2794-7. Cf. "Nelson Rockefeller and the Office of Inter-American Affairs", p.333
- ^ Leonard, Thomas M.; Bratzel, John F., Latin America during World War II, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007. ISBN 978-0-7425-3741-5. Cf. p.47.
- ^ Solomon, Charles. "Mickey in the Post-War Era". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/mickeymousepostwar/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Warner Bros. Studio Biography". Animation USA. http://www.animationusa.com/resources/aboutwb.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21. [dead link]
- ^ "Disney's Animated Classics". Sandcastle VI. http://www.sandcastlevi.com/movies/disneyh5.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Donald Duck". Pet Care Tips. http://petcaretips.net/donald-duck.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b "Testimony of Walter E. Disney before HUAC". CNN. 1947-10-24. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080514003423/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/06/documents/huac/disney.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Cogley, John (1956) Report on Blacklisting, Volume I, Movies Fund for the Republic, New York, p. 34 OCLC 3794664; reprinted in 1972 by Arno Press, New York ISBN 0-405-03915-8
- ^ "Communist brochure" Screen Actors Guild accessed October 20, 2008
- ^ "República de los Niños - Historia del Proyecto". Fundacionvalorar.org.ar. http://www.fundacionvalorar.org.ar/republica2008/Historia.asp. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "Walt Disney Quotes". Tripod.com. http://disneyspace.tripod.com/id1.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Cotter, Bill. "The Television Worlds of Disney – PART II". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/tvworldsofdisney/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ John Lasseter-Commentary-Sleeping Beauty-2008 DVD
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1961.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1981.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Gabler, Neal 2006 Walt Disney: The Triumph of Imagination, Alfed A. Knofph Inc, New York City
- ^ a b c "The Day Walt Died". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/waltspassing/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Horsing Around With Walt and Polo". Mouse Planet. http://www.mouseplanet.com/articles.php?art=ww070711ws. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b c "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1966.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Kurt Russell Confirms Disney's Last Words". Star Pulse. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/04/24/kurt_russell_confirms_that_walt_disney_s. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
- ^ Greene, K&R (2001). Inside The Dream: The Personal Story Of Walt Disney. Disney Editions. p. 180. ISBN 0-7868-5350-6.
- ^ a b Mikkelson, B & DP (2007-08-24). "Suspended Animation". Snopes.com. http://www.snopes.com/disney/waltdisn/frozen.asp. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b Urban Legends Reference Pages © 1995-2001 by Barbara and David P. Mikkelson
- ^ Hoaxipedia, museumofhoaxes.com "Walt Disney Frozen" by Elliot Feldman © 2008 Alex Boese
- ^ Griffiths, Bill. "Grand opening of Walt Disney world". http://www.startedbyamouse.com/archives/GrandOpeningWDW01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Walt Disney corporate website". Disney. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Roy E. Disney-The Legacy of Toy Story-Toy Story-2005, DVD
- ^ "Walt Disney's will". Do Your Own Will. http://www.doyourownwill.com/disney.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ Plagens, Peter (2000). Sunshine Muse: Art on the West Coast, 1945–1970. University of California Press. p. 159. ISBN 0-520-22392-6.
- ^ Rothstein, Edward (September 30, 2009). "Exploring the Man Behind the Animation". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/arts/design/01disney.html?pagewanted=1.
- ^ Dargis, Manohla (21September 2011). "And Now a Word From the Director". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/movies/conflicting-voices-in-lars-von-triers-words-and-works.html?scp=1&sq=And%20Now%20a%20Word%20from&st=Search. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ "Walt Disney: More Than 'Toons, Theme Parks". CBS News. 2006-11-01. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/11/01/earlyshow/leisure/books/main2141735.shtml.
- ^ a b c Gabler, Neal (2007). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. Random House. p. 458. ISBN 978-0-679-75747-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=41e-Ru0wRkEC&pg=PA458.
- ^ http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/collection/insidestory/inside_1933d.html
- ^ Walt Disney - Awards
- ^ "Disney, Walt" (in French). Bedetheque. http://www.bedetheque.com/auteur-6857-BD-Disney-Walt.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Minnie's Cheat Sheet to my Website". AOL. http://hometown.aol.com/seramary/myhomepage/movies.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21. [dead link]
- ^ link removed, see edit summary
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 342. ISBN 3-540-00238-3. http://books.google.com/books?q=4017+Disneya.
- ^ David Rooney (1994-03-03). "Disney wins Houston and Washington teaming ...". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR119623. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
- ^ "Walt: The Man Behind the Myth (TV 2001) - IMDb". Internet Movie Database. IMDb.com, Inc.. 2011. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0296273/. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
References[link]
- Thomas, Bob (1994). Walt Disney: An American Original. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-6027-8.
Further reading[link]
- Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516729-5.
- Broggie, Michael (1997, 1998, 2005). Walt Disney's Railroad Story. Virginia Beach, Virginia. Donning Publishers. ISBN 1-56342-009-0
- Eliot, Marc (1993). Walt Disney: Hollywood's Dark Prince. Carol. ISBN 1-55972-174-X
- Mosley, Leonard. Disney's World: A Biography (1985, 2002). Chelsea, MI: Scarborough House. ISBN 0-8128-8514-7.
- Gabler, Neal. Walt Disney: The Triumph of American Imagination (2006). New York, NY. Random House. ISBN 0-679-43822-X
- Schickel, Richard, and Dee, Ivan R. (1967, 1985, 1997). The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. ISBN 1-56663-158-0.
- Sherman, Robert B. and Sherman, Richard M. (1998) "Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond" ISBN 0-9646059-3-7
- Thomas, Bob (1991). Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 1-56282-899-1.
- Watts, Steven, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, University of Missouri Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8262-1379-0
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Walt Disney |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Walt Disney |
- Walt Disney at the Internet Movie Database
- Walt Disney at the TCM Movie Database
- Works by or about Walt Disney in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Walt Disney Family Museum
- Walt Disney Gravesite
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| Name | Disney, Walter Elias |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Producer, director and animator |
| Date of birth | December 5, 1901 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Date of death | December 15, 1966 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, United States |
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There are many people in history who are commonly appended with the phrase "the Great", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as e Bozorg and e azam in Persian and Urdu respectively.
In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.[1]
The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus)[2] assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "the Great".
The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).
Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.
As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.
Contents |
Rulers[link]
- Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran
- Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India
- Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat
- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia
- Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
- Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias
- Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex
- Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire
- Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty
- Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),
- Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire
- Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand
- Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)
- Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)
- Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden
- Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland
- Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia
- Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India
- Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
- Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)
- Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks
- Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen
- Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor
- Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media
- Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire
- Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire
- Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse[3]
- Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile
- Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia
- Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
- Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe
- Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader
- Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea[4][5]
- Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC
- Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)
- Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre
- Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea
- Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
- Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France
- Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)
- Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat
- Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia
- John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve
- John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
- Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor
- Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i
- Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India
- Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia
- Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty
- Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales
- Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland
- Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand
- Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan
- Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)
- Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)
- Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom
- Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus
- Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya
- Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)
- Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
- Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
- K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque
- Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka
- Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia
- Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia
- Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
- Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar
- Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar
- Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.[6][7][8]
- Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India
- Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
- Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)
- Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties
- Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)
- Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev
- Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders
- Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent
- Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre
- Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire
- Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king[9]
- Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia
- Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire
- Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)
- Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
- Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
- Tamar (1160-1123), Queen of the Georgian Empire
- Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty
- Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie
- Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire
- Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor
- Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia
- Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia
- Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire
- Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark
- Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
- Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus
- Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy
- William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon
- William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou
- Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)
- Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China
Religious figures[link]
- Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East
- Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia
- Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian
- Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt
- Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader
- Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian
- Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)
- Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint
- Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint
- Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)
- Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine
- Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)
- Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)
- Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit
- Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)
- Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople
- William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites
Other[link]
- Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies
- Emmy the Great, folk singer
- Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III
- Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia
See also[link]
- Epithet
- List of monarchs by nickname
- List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I
- James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus
- Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, whose common honorific "Mahatma" means "Great Soul"
Notes[link]
- ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The expression was used in a propagandistic context: the conqueror wants to show he is a normal Babylonian ruler. The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
- ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
- ^ History, Instituto Geografico De Agostini S.p.A., p. 479
- ^ World and Its Peoples:Korea. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. September 2008. p. 887. ISBN 0-7614-7631-8.
- ^ Alison Behnke (2004). North Korea in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 70. ISBN 0-8225-1908-9. http://books.google.com/?id=ovWvhyLc6hAC&pg=RA1-PA70&dq=%22Gwanggaeto+the+Great%22.
- ^ Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (December 1919). "An English History of India". Political Science Quarterly 34 (4): 644–653. DOI:10.2307/2142032. JSTOR 2142032. ""The finances of the state were not more centralized under Louis XIV than under Rajaraja the Great.""
- ^ "Heaven sent: Michael Wood explores the art of the Chola dynasty". Royal Academy, UK. http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent,47,RAMA.html. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ "The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great". Sify.com. http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13219885. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN 0-7456-3356-0.
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