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Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi ( , literally Father of deer) is the capital and the second largest city in the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast. The city proper, making up an area of
http://wn.com/Abu_Dhabi -
Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Afghanistan -
Amman
http://wn.com/Amman -
Angren, Uzbekistan
Angren (; ) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan east of Tashkent. It was founded in 1946 as a center for the Uzbekistan coal industry. It is located on the Angren River.
http://wn.com/Angren_Uzbekistan -
Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
http://wn.com/Ankara -
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Asaka, Uzbekistan
Asaka (; ) is a city in Andijan Province, Uzbekistan, located to the east of Andijan in the Ferghana Valley. It was formerly known as Leninsk during the communist era. The first automobile assembly plant in Central Asia was opened there by the Uzbekistani-Korean joint venture, UzDaewoo.
http://wn.com/Asaka_Uzbekistan -
Ashgabat
http://wn.com/Ashgabat -
Astana
http://wn.com/Astana -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Baghdad
Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
http://wn.com/Baghdad -
Bahrain
Bahrain, officially Kingdom of Bahrain (, , literally: "Kingdom of the Two Seas"), is a small island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. While Bahrain is an archipelago of thirty-three islands, the largest (Bahrain Island) is long by wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain via the King Fahd Causeway, which was officially opened on 25 November 1986. Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Bahrain -
Baku
Baku (), sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakou, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan and all the Caucasus. Located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Dating to antiquity, its urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people.
http://wn.com/Baku -
Bandar Seri Begawan
http://wn.com/Bandar_Seri_Begawan -
Bangkok
http://wn.com/Bangkok -
Bangladesh
http://wn.com/Bangladesh -
Beijing
{| style="float:right;"
http://wn.com/Beijing -
Beirut
http://wn.com/Beirut -
Bekabad
Bekabad (; ) is a city in Toshkent Province, Eastern Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Bekabad -
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
http://wn.com/Belgium -
Beruniy
Beruni (; ; ) is a town and seat of Beruniy District in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Beruniy -
Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan () (Dzongkha: ; Wylie: '' 'drug yul; Tibetan pinyin: ''), is a small landlocked country in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China . Bhutan is separated from the nearby state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal.
http://wn.com/Bhutan -
Bishkek
http://wn.com/Bishkek -
Brunei
http://wn.com/Brunei -
Bukhara
http://wn.com/Bukhara -
Bukhara Province
Buxoro Province (Bukhara Province) () is a viloyat (province) of Uzbekistan located in the southwest of the country. The Kyzyl-Kum Desert takes up a large portion of its territory. It borders Turkmenistan, Navoiy Province, Qashqadaryo Province, a tiny bit of Xorazm Province, and the Karakalpakstan Republic. It covers an area of 40,300 km2. The population is estimated at 1,525,900 (end of 2005 data), with 71% living in rural areas.
http://wn.com/Bukhara_Province -
Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
http://wn.com/Burma -
Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
http://wn.com/Cairo -
Cambodia
http://wn.com/Cambodia -
Chimboy
Chimbay (; ; ) is a town and seat of Chimboy District in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Chimboy -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Chirchiq
Chirchik (; ) is a city (1999 pop. 145,600) in Toshkent Province, Uzbekistan, about 32 km northeast of Tashkent, along the Chirciq River. Chirchiq lies in the Chatkal Mountains.
http://wn.com/Chirchiq -
City of Singapore
http://wn.com/City_of_Singapore -
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Damascus
http://wn.com/Damascus -
Dhaka
http://wn.com/Dhaka -
Dili
http://wn.com/Dili -
Dnipropetrovsk
Dnipropetrovsk ( ) or Dnepropetrovsk () formerly Yekaterinoslav (, , translit. Katerynoslav) is Ukraine's third largest city with 1.1 million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country. Dnipropetrovsk is the administrative center of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (province).
http://wn.com/Dnipropetrovsk -
Doha
Doha (, ' or ', literally: "the big tree") is the capital city of the state of Qatar. Located on the Persian Gulf, it had a population of 998,651 in 2008, and is also one of the municipalities of Qatar. Doha is Qatar's largest city, with over 80% of the nation's population residing in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and is also the economic centre of the country.
http://wn.com/Doha -
Dushanbe
Dushanbe (, Dushanbe; Dyushambe until 1929, Stalinabad until 1961), population 679,400 people (2008 est.), is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. Dushanbe means "Monday" in Tajik, and the name reflects the fact that the city grew on the site of a village that originally was a popular Monday marketplace.
http://wn.com/Dushanbe -
East Timor
http://wn.com/East_Timor -
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt -
Fergana
Fergana (; ; ) is a city (population: 214,000), the capital of Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley in southern Central Asia, cutting across the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, and about 75 km west of Andijan.
http://wn.com/Fergana -
Fergana Province
Fergana Province (, ) is a viloyat (province) of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley in the far east of the country. It borders the Namangan and Andijan Provinces of Uzbekistan, as well as Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It covers an area of 6,800 km2. The population is estimated to be around 2,597,000, with over 71% of the population living in rural areas.
http://wn.com/Fergana_Province -
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country) -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Gijduvan
Gijduvan or Gizhduvan (; ) is a town in the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan and the capital of Gizhduvan district (raion). Its population in 1970 was 16,000.
http://wn.com/Gijduvan -
G‘uzor
Guzar (; ) is a town in Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/G‘uzor -
Hanoi
http://wn.com/Hanoi -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Islamabad
http://wn.com/Islamabad -
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel -
Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
http://wn.com/Istanbul -
Jakarta
Jakarta (; Indonesian: ), officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The metropolitan area, Jabodetabek, is the second largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".
http://wn.com/Jakarta -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
http://wn.com/Jerusalem -
Jizzakh
Djizak or Dzhizak (; ) is a city (population 138,400 in 2004) and the center of Jizzakh Province in Uzbekistan, northeast of Samarkand.
http://wn.com/Jizzakh -
Jizzakh Province
http://wn.com/Jizzakh_Province -
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan -
Juma (town)
Djuma or Dzhuma (; ) is a town in the Samarkand province. The population is about 65,000 people.
http://wn.com/Juma_(town) -
Kabul
http://wn.com/Kabul -
Karachi
Karachi (: , {{lang-ur|) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, and the capital of the province of Sindh. With an estimated population of about 18 million, Karachi is one of the world's largest cities in terms of population, the 13th largest urban agglomeration, the 4th largest metropolitan area in the world, and the 2nd largest city within the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Islamic world.
http://wn.com/Karachi -
Karakalpakstan
http://wn.com/Karakalpakstan -
Kathmandu
Kathmandu (, pronounced: ; ) is the capital and largest metropolitan city of Nepal. The city is the urban core of the Kathmandu Valley in the Himalayas, which also contains two sister cities namely Patan or Lalitpur, to its southeast (an ancient city of fine arts and crafts) and Bhaktapur, to its east (city of devotees). It is also acronymed as 'KTM' and named 'tri-city'. Kathmandu valley is only slightly smaller than Singapore in terms of area.
http://wn.com/Kathmandu -
Kattaqo‘rg‘on
http://wn.com/Kattaqo‘rg‘on -
Kazakhstan
http://wn.com/Kazakhstan -
Khiva
Khiva (; ; ; alternative or historical names include Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarezm, Khwarizm, Khwarazm, Chorezm, and ) is a city of approximately 50,000 people located in Xorazm Province, Uzbekistan. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia and the Khanate of Khiva. Itchan Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan to be inscribed in the World Heritage List (1991).
http://wn.com/Khiva -
Khujand
http://wn.com/Khujand -
Kokand
http://wn.com/Kokand -
Kosonsoy
Kasansay (; ; ) is a town in Uzbekistan. Kosonsoy in Namangan province is different from the town of Koson of the Qashqadaryo province of Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Kosonsoy -
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (translated as: "muddy confluence," "muddy estuary," and "muddy city"; in English; Malay , locally or even , and often abbreviated as K.L.) is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in the country, in terms of population as well as economy.
http://wn.com/Kuala_Lumpur -
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
http://wn.com/Kuwait -
Kuwait City
http://wn.com/Kuwait_City -
Laos
Laos (, , or ), officially the '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''', is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west.
http://wn.com/Laos -
Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
http://wn.com/Latvia -
Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
http://wn.com/Lebanon -
Lenin's Tomb
http://wn.com/Lenin's_Tomb -
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia -
Maldives
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Manama
http://wn.com/Manama -
Margilan
http://wn.com/Margilan -
Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
http://wn.com/Mongolia -
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (, ; Urdu: ; self-designation: , ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in former English usage, was an Indian-Islamic power that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of South Asia by the late 17th and early 18th centuries and ended in the mid-19th century.
http://wn.com/Mughal_Empire -
Muscat, Oman
http://wn.com/Muscat_Oman -
Namangan
Namangan (; ) is the third-largest city in Uzbekistan (2006 pop. 432,456.). It is the capital of Namangan Province, in the northern edge of Fergana Valley of north-eastern Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Namangan -
Namangan Province
http://wn.com/Namangan_Province -
Navoiy
http://wn.com/Navoiy -
Navoiy Province
Navoiy Province () is a viloyat (province) of Uzbekistan located in the northwest of the country. The Kyzyl-Kum Desert takes up a large portion of its territory, which is the largest of the provinces of Uzbekistan except for the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic. Navoiy Province borders with Kazakhstan, Samarqand Province, Buxoro Province and the Karakalpakstan Republic. It covers an area of 110,800 km2. The population is estimated to be around 767,500, with some 60% living in rural areas.
http://wn.com/Navoiy_Province -
Naypyidaw
Naypyidaw (, officially spelled Nay Pyi Taw and Naypyitaw; ) is the capital of Myanmar, also known as Burma. It is administered as a Union Territory, as per the 2008 Constitution. On 6 November 2005, the administrative capital of Burma was officially moved to a greenfield site west of Pyinmana, and approximately north of Yangon (Rangoon), the previous capital. The capital's official name was announced on 27 March 2006, Burmese Armed Forces Day. Much of the city is still under construction, which is set to be completed by around 2012. As of 2009, the population was 925,000, which makes it Burma's third largest city, behind Yangon and Mandalay.
http://wn.com/Naypyidaw -
New Delhi
http://wn.com/New_Delhi -
Nicosia
: For the Italian town, see: Nicosia, Sicily. Also see: Nicosia (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Nicosia -
North Korea
http://wn.com/North_Korea -
Nukus
Nukus (; ; ) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and the capital of the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic. It has a population of 260,000 (2004 estimate). The Amu Darya river passes west of the town.
http://wn.com/Nukus -
Olmaliq
http://wn.com/Olmaliq -
Oman
Oman (pronounced ; '), officially the Sultanate of Oman''' ( ), is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains Madha and Musandam, two exclaves on the Gulf of Oman, south of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on the land side.
http://wn.com/Oman -
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
http://wn.com/Papua_New_Guinea -
Penjikent
http://wn.com/Penjikent -
Persian Empire
http://wn.com/Persian_Empire -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Phnom Penh
http://wn.com/Phnom_Penh -
Port Moresby
Port Moresby (), or Pot Mosbi in Tok Pisin, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is located on the shores of the Gulf of Papua, on the southeastern coast of the island of New Guinea. In 2000 it had a population of 254,158. As of 2009 it has a population of 307,643, giving it an annual growth rate of 2.1% over a nine year period.
http://wn.com/Port_Moresby -
Putrajaya
http://wn.com/Putrajaya -
Pyongyang
Pyongyang (, literally: "Flat Land") is the capital of North Korea, located on the Taedong River. According to preliminary results from the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,388.
http://wn.com/Pyongyang -
Qarshi
http://wn.com/Qarshi -
Qashqadaryo Province
http://wn.com/Qashqadaryo_Province -
Qatar
Qatar ( ; ; local pronunciation: ), also known as the State of Qatar or locally , is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise, the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island nation of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Qatar -
Qorako‘l
http://wn.com/Qorako‘l -
Qo‘ng‘irot
http://wn.com/Qo‘ng‘irot -
Ramallah
http://wn.com/Ramallah -
Riga
Riga (, ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia, a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltics, and an important seaport, situated on the mouth of the Daugava. With 706,413 inhabitants (2010) it is the largest city of the Baltic states and third-largest in the Baltic region, behind Saint Petersburg and Stockholm (counting residents within the city limits). Riga's territory covers and lies between above sea level, on a flat and sandy plain.
http://wn.com/Riga -
Rishton, Uzbekistan
http://wn.com/Rishton_Uzbekistan -
Riyadh
http://wn.com/Riyadh -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Saint Petersburg
http://wn.com/Saint_Petersburg -
Samarkand
Samarkand (; ; ; ; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century, it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane), and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the city.
http://wn.com/Samarkand -
Samarqand Province
http://wn.com/Samarqand_Province -
Sana'a
http://wn.com/Sana'a -
Saudi Arabia
http://wn.com/Saudi_Arabia -
Seattle
http://wn.com/Seattle -
Seoul
{{Infobox settlement
http://wn.com/Seoul -
Shirin, Uzbekistan
Shirin is a city in Uzbekistan. Near Shirin, there is Syrdarya Power Plant and Farkhad Dam.
http://wn.com/Shirin_Uzbekistan -
Shymkent
Shymkent (), formerly known as Chimkent (, until 1993), is the capital city of South Kazakhstan Province, the most populated region in Kazakhstan. It is the third most populous city in Kazakhstan behind Almaty and Astana with a population of 647,380 (2009 Census), or 579,700 as of 2010 (estimation based on 1999 Census). A major railroad junction on the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, the city is also a notable cultural centre, with an international airport. It is situated 690 km west of Almaty and 120 km to the north of Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Shymkent -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Sirdaryo
For the river, see Syr Darya.
http://wn.com/Sirdaryo -
Sirdaryo Province
http://wn.com/Sirdaryo_Province -
Skopje
Skopje (, ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi.
http://wn.com/Skopje -
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea -
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
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Surxondaryo Province
http://wn.com/Surxondaryo_Province -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Syria -
Taipei
http://wn.com/Taipei -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Tajikistan
Tajikistan ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (, Jumhurii Tojikiston; , Respublika Tadzhikistan; Jomhuri-ye Tajikestan), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan and the Gilgit-Baltistan region, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.
http://wn.com/Tajikistan -
Tashkent
Tashkent (; , literally "Stone City") is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was 2.1 million. Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.
http://wn.com/Tashkent -
Tashkent Province
http://wn.com/Tashkent_Province -
Tashkent Tower
The TV Tower of Tashkent () is a high tower, located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Construction started in 1978 and it began operation 6 years later, on 15 January 1985. It was the 3rd tallest tower in the world from 1985 to 1991.
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Tbilisi
http://wn.com/Tbilisi -
Tehran
http://wn.com/Tehran -
Termez
Termez (; ) is a city in southern Uzbekistan near the border with Afghanistan. It is the hottest point of Uzbekistan. It has a population of 140,404 (1 January 2005), and is the capital of the Surxondaryo Province. Its most famous native son is Al-Tirmidhi, born in its suburb Bugh and buried in 60 kilometers north of Termez, on the outskirts of Sherobod. He is locally known as Iso At Termezi or Termez Ota (Father of Termez City). Hakim-e-Termizi, one of the famous Sufi leaders, is buried in the suburbs of Termez. He is also known as Termez Ota (Father of Termez City). It was once a great center of Buddhism and Islam.
http://wn.com/Termez -
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand -
Thimphu
http://wn.com/Thimphu -
Tian Shan
http://wn.com/Tian_Shan -
Tokyo
http://wn.com/Tokyo -
To‘rtko‘l
Turtkul (; ; ; ) is a city in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. Before 1920 it was known as Petroaleksandrovsk.
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To‘ytepa
http://wn.com/To‘ytepa -
Tunis
http://wn.com/Tunis -
Tunisia
http://wn.com/Tunisia -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Turkmenistan
The Turkmenistan (), also known as Turkmenia () is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
http://wn.com/Turkmenistan -
Uchquduq
http://wn.com/Uchquduq -
Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
http://wn.com/Ukraine -
Ulan Bator
http://wn.com/Ulan_Bator -
United Arab Emirates
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Emirates -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Urganch
http://wn.com/Urganch -
Urgut
Urgut (; ) is a town in the Samarqand Province of Uzbekistan and the capital of Urgut District. It is known for the grove of platans, some of which are more than 1000 years old. Urgut is located in mountainous areas.
http://wn.com/Urgut -
Uzbekistan
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan -
Vientiane
http://wn.com/Vientiane -
Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
http://wn.com/Vietnam -
Vobkent
http://wn.com/Vobkent -
Xorazm Province
http://wn.com/Xorazm_Province -
Xo‘jayli
http://wn.com/Xo‘jayli -
Yangiabad
Yangiabad is village located in the Angren district of Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Yangiabad -
Yangiyer
Yangiyer (; ) is a city (1991 pop. 29.600) in Sirdaryo Province, Eastern Uzbekistan. It was established in 1957 as part of the grand Soviet project to cultivate the naturally-saline virgin lands of Golodnaya Steppe, a vast area of about 10,000 square kilometres in Eastern Uzbekistan. The shortage of irrigation water was the main problem hindering the development of agriculture in the area.
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Yangiyo‘l
Yangiyul (; ) is a 13th city (after 12 province centres) in Uzbekistan's Toshkent Province, 20km from the city of Tashkent. It has a population of about 60,000 people. Industry in the area includes textiles and paper. In recent years, the city has had an outbreak of HIV, most prevalent among users of injected drugs like heroin.
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Yarkant County
Yarkant (Yarkand) County (lit. earthen city, probably referring to the earthen walls of the capital; altitude , population 373,492 in 2003), is a county in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, located on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim Basin. It is one of 11 counties administered under Kashgar Prefecture. Yarkant, usually written Yarkand in English, was the seat of an ancient Buddhist kingdom on the southern branch of the Silk Road.
http://wn.com/Yarkant_County -
Yemen
http://wn.com/Yemen -
Yerevan
Yerevan (, ) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of Armenia.
http://wn.com/Yerevan
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Akgul Amanmuradova
Akgul Amanmuradova (born June 23, 1984 in Tashkent) is a professional female tennis player from Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Akgul_Amanmuradova -
Aleksey Kuropatkin
http://wn.com/Aleksey_Kuropatkin -
Aleksey Shchusev
http://wn.com/Aleksey_Shchusev -
Alina Kabayeva
Alina Maratovna Kabayeva (; ; born May 12, 1983) is a Russian sportsmaster and politician. She is the current State Duma deputy from the Party of United Russia since 2007, and before was known to lead a sports-related career in rhythmic gymnastics.
http://wn.com/Alina_Kabayeva -
Alisher Navoi
http://wn.com/Alisher_Navoi -
Amir Timur
http://wn.com/Amir_Timur -
Babur
http://wn.com/Babur -
Beijing
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http://wn.com/Beijing -
Buddhist
http://wn.com/Buddhist -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Genghis Khan
http://wn.com/Genghis_Khan -
Iroda Tulyaganova
Iroda Tulyaganova (born 7 January 1982) is a professional tennis player who comes from Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Iroda_Tulyaganova -
Islam Karimov
http://wn.com/Islam_Karimov -
Joseph Stalin
http://wn.com/Joseph_Stalin -
Kalmyks
http://wn.com/Kalmyks -
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia, and Mongolia).
http://wn.com/Kazakhs -
Michael Kolganov
Michael Kolganov (, born October 24, 1974 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR) is a Soviet-born, Israeli sprint canoer and former world champion. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the K-1 500 m event at Sydney in 2000. He was the flag bearer for Israel during the Opening Ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics.
http://wn.com/Michael_Kolganov -
Mikhail Frunze
http://wn.com/Mikhail_Frunze -
Mirzo Ulugbek
http://wn.com/Mirzo_Ulugbek -
Mongols
http://wn.com/Mongols -
Oirats
:This article deals with the Oirat ethnic group. For the obsolete term for the Turkic Altays, see Altay people.
http://wn.com/Oirats -
Peter Odemwingie
Football biography 2
http://wn.com/Peter_Odemwingie -
Saman Khuda
http://wn.com/Saman_Khuda -
Sergey Kirov
Sergei Mironovich Kirov (; – 1 December 1934), born Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov, was a prominent early Bolshevik leader in the Soviet Union. Kirov rose through the Communist Party ranks to become head of the Party organization in Leningrad. Kirov was seen as a focal point of opposition to the more extreme policies of Joseph Stalin, and as a counterbalance to the increasing concentration of power in Stalin's hands.
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Sogdiana
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http://wn.com/Sogdiana -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Timur
http://wn.com/Timur -
Tsar Alexander II
http://wn.com/Tsar_Alexander_II -
Turkic peoples
The Turks (or Turkics) are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, Mongolia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds. The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people including existing societies such as the Chuvashes, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyzs, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Qashqai, Gagauzs, Yakuts, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Karakalpaks, Karachays, Krymchaks, Nogais and as well as past civilizations such as the Kumans, Kipchaks, Avars, Turgeshs, Seljuks, Khazars, Ottomans, Mamluks, Timurids, and possibly the Xiongnu and Huns.
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Ukrainians
http://wn.com/Ukrainians -
Uzbek language
http://wn.com/Uzbek_language -
Uzbeks
http://wn.com/Uzbeks -
Valerian Kuybyshev
http://wn.com/Valerian_Kuybyshev -
Vladimir Lenin
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Lenin -
Xuanzang
http://wn.com/Xuanzang -
Yarkant County
Yarkant (Yarkand) County (lit. earthen city, probably referring to the earthen walls of the capital; altitude , population 373,492 in 2003), is a county in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, located on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim Basin. It is one of 11 counties administered under Kashgar Prefecture. Yarkant, usually written Yarkand in English, was the seat of an ancient Buddhist kingdom on the southern branch of the Silk Road.
http://wn.com/Yarkant_County
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Uzbekistan redefines itself on global stage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:07
- Published: 27 Jun 2012
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
CNN's Jill Dougherty looks at Uzbekistan's cultural heritage as the country redefines itself on the global stage. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_redefines_itself_on_global_stage
Uzbekistan Today
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Published: 12 Jul 2007
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Life in Uzbekistan; Fear; Long term imprisonments; Dictatorship; etc... Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Today
Uzbekistan Video - Tourism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 05 Jun 2011
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
www.advantour.com - In this Uzbekistan video watch historical monuments, nature, hotels, people and other travel information on Uzbekistan, that was located on the ancient Silk Road, the route connecting the East and West. You can see hotels and other travel infrastructure.
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Video_Tourism
National food of Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:50
- Published: 01 Dec 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Gastronomic Tour in Uzbekistan. Oriental Dastarkhan (Asian Tablecloth)! During this tour you will have a opportunity not only to try Oriental gastronomy, but meet with ancient history and culture of Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/National_food_of_Uzbekistan
MEET THE STANS -- episodes 3&4: Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:07
- Published: 14 Nov 2011
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Please visit www.simonreeve.co.uk for more information. Simon Reeve travels through Central Asia in this four-part BBC TV series, shown on BBC2, BBC World and by broadcasters internationally. The adventure took Simon from the far north-west of Kazakhstan, by the Russian border, east to the Chinese border, south through Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the edge of Afghanistan, and west to Uzbekistan and the legendary Silk Road cities of Samarkand and Bukhara. The Guardian said it was 'a thrilling postcard from the edge' The Times said: 'Simon Reeve's journey through Kazakhstan is a first-class Boys Own adventure on film and illuminating too. I can't imagine anyone switching off who stays for the first five minutes.' ------------------------------------ SIMON REEVE is an adventurer, TV presenter and New York Times bestselling author with a passion for travel, current affairs, history, conservation and the environment. He has been around the world three times for the BBC series Equator, Tropic of Capricorn, and Tropic of Cancer, and has travelled extensively in more than 100 countries. Simon's last journey around the Tropic of Cancer enthralled millions and was described by The Times of London as: "a real gem...Reeve is in a class of his own". Readers of a leading travel magazine voted it their favourite TV series. Simon, who is an ambassador for the nature conservation organisation WWF, has been awarded a One World Broadcasting Trust award for an "outstanding contribution to <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/MEET_THE_STANS_-_episodes_3&4_Uzbekistan_and_Tajikistan
Massacre in Uzbekistan (Trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Published: 13 Jul 2012
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Nearly 1000 people were killed on the orders of the Uzbek dictator, Islam Karimov, one of the most brutal dictators in the world. But today, the West has long since forgiven and forgotten the Massacre in Andijan. Order the DVD / support the project www.massacre-in-uzbekistan.com
http://wn.com/Massacre_in_Uzbekistan_Trailer
Uzbekistan Journey 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:40
- Published: 08 May 2012
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Travel through Uzbekistan in April 2012; Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, the Kyzylkum Desert & Nukus. Shot on a GH2, Vario 14-140mm, Voigtländer 25mm.
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Journey_2012
NTU boy goes to Uzbekistan to make a documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Published: 16 Apr 2012
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
NTU boy was sent to the Republic of Uzbekistan to make a documentary. He was there representing Sports+Travel Magazine in collaboration with the Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Singapore.
http://wn.com/NTU_boy_goes_to_Uzbekistan_to_make_a_documentary
Wrestling Men's Freestyle 120 kg Finals - Uzbekistan v Georgia Replay - London 2012 Olympic Games
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:58
- Published: 11 Aug 2012
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
Wrestling Men's Freestyle 120 kg Finals Gold - Uzbekistan v Georgia Full Replay from the ExCeL - North Arena 2 at the London 2012 Olympic Games. -- 11 August 2012 The 1900 Games were the only ones where wrestling was not present in any shape or form. As from the 1908 Olympic Games in London, Greco-Roman wrestling has always been included on the programme. Since the 1920 Antwerp Games, there have been both freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling competitions. Find more about Wrestling at www.olympic.org/wrestling-freestyle and www.olympic.org/wrestling-grego-roman
http://wn.com/Wrestling_Men's_Freestyle_120_kg_Finals_Uzbekistan_v_Georgia_Replay_London_2012_Olympic_Games
Uzbekistan vs Iran - 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification - AFC 4th Round
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 100:32
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification - AFC 4th Round - Group A - Match Day 1
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_vs_Iran_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_AFC_4th_Round
Samarqand, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 28 Sep 2012
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
A few of the sights in this ancient city.
http://wn.com/Samarqand,_Uzbekistan
Italy-Uzbekistan-Italy on the road 2012 (TRAILER)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:15
- Published: 01 Oct 2012
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
Things seen while driving between Italy and Uzbekistan, summer 2012, across Italy-Slovenia-Hungary-Ukraine-Russia-Kazakistan-Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Italy-Uzbekistan-Italy_on_the_road_2012_TRAILER
![Uzbekistan 2 vs 2 South Korea Goals and Highlights [HD] 11.09.2012](http://web.archive.org./web/20121003014935im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/b4QiuVwFMpI/0.jpg "Uzbekistan 2 vs 2 South Korea Goals and Highlights [HD] 11.09.2012")
Uzbekistan 2 vs 2 South Korea Goals and Highlights [HD] 11.09.2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 12 Sep 2012
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Subscribe: www.youtube.com Uzbekistan 2 vs 2 South Korea Goals and Highlights [HD] 11.09.2012 Ignore Tags: : "Neymar (Soccer Player)" soccer "Association Football (Sport)" Ronaldo Amazing Crazy Best Goal Skills Brasil Messi Tricks Dribbling Impossible Street Zidane Ronaldinho Awsome Zlatan Season Shots Funny Penalties Xavi Fifa Balotelli KSIolajidebt Nike Freestyle compilation control comedy insane madness Beckham Top 10 50 football soccer highlights how to drills training sxephil niggahiga raywilliamjohnson Amazeskills AmazeskillsBrazil vs Cote D'Ivoire 3:1 Italy vs New Zealand 1:1 Slovakia vs Paraguay 0:2 Cameroon vs Danmark 1:2 Ghana vs Australia 1:1 Netherlands vs Japan 1:0 England vs Algeria 0:0 Slovenia vs USA 2:2 Germany vs Serbia 0:1 France vs Nigeria 0:2 Greece vs Nigeria 2:1 Argentina vs South Korea 4:1 South Africa vs Uruguay 0:3 Spain vs Switzerland 0:1 Honduras vs Chile 0:1 Brazil vs North Korea 2:1 Portugal vs Cote D'Ivoire 0:0 New Zealand vs Slovakia 1:1 Italy vs Paraguay 1:1 Japan vs Cameroon 1:0 Netherlands vs Danmark 2:0 Germany vs Australia 4:0 Serbia vs Ghana 0:1 Algeria vs Slovenia 0:1 England vs USA 1:1 Argentina vs Nigeria 1:0 South Korea vs Greece 2:0 Uruguay vs France 0:0 South Africa vs Mexico 1:1 FIFA WORLD CUP 2010 WM Fc Bayern Nünchen Munich vs Inter [5/22/2010] Highlights Fc Bayern München vs Sv Werder Bremen DFB Pokal Finale in Berlin 15/05/2010 Diego Forland vs Fulham Euro League Finale Goals & Highlights Fulham1:2 Atletico Madrid Mallorca <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_2_vs_2_South_Korea_Goals_and_Highlights_HD_11092012
Uzbekistan Vs IR Iran: 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian Qualifiers - (Final Rd, Match Day 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Uzbekistan 0-1 Iran: Substitute Mohammad Reza Khalatbari scored a dramatic winner with virtually the last kick of the match as Iran snatched a 1-0 win over Uzbekistan in Sunday's Group A opener in the final round of qualifying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.For more, visit goo.gl Visit our channel: goo.gl FACEBOOK: goo.gl TWITTER: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Vs_IR_Iran_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Asian_Qualifiers_Final_Rd,_Match_Day_1
Uzbekistan vs South Korea Goals & Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 11 Sep 2012
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Uzbekistan vs South Korea Goals & Highlights HD
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_vs_South_Korea_Goals_Highlights
Wrestling Men's Freestyle 120 kg Finals - Uzbekistan GOLD - London 2012 Olympic Games Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Published: 12 Aug 2012
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
Wrestling Men's Freestyle 120 kg Finals - Uzbekistan Gold, Artur Taymazov - Georgia Silver, Davit Modzmanashvili - Iran Bronze, Komeil Ghasemi - Russia, Bilyal Makhov - Highlights from the ExCeL - North Arena 2 at the London 2012 Olympic Games. -- 11 August 2012 The 1900 Games were the only ones where wrestling was not present in any shape or form. As from the 1908 Olympic Games in London, Greco-Roman wrestling has always been included on the programme. Since the 1920 Antwerp Games, there have been both freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling competitions. Find more about Wrestling at www.olympic.org/wrestling-freestyle and www.olympic.org/wrestling-grego-roman
http://wn.com/Wrestling_Men's_Freestyle_120_kg_Finals_Uzbekistan_GOLD_London_2012_Olympic_Games_Highlights
MTS Uzbekistan: Interview with Michael Hecker, VP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:24
- Published: 10 Aug 2012
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Russia-based MTS says its Uzbek subsidiary, Uzdunrobita, accused of violating anti-monopoly rules, consumer protection laws and advertising regulations, is being terminated. In an exclusive interview with Navbahor Imamova of Voice of America's Uzbek Service, Vice president Michael Heecker says that the charges are unwarranted and that the company has become victim of a systematic expropriation campaign engineered by the authorities in Uzbekistan. Uzdunrobita's license has been suspended and four employees remain in prison. Around 10 million of Uzbekistan's 25 million mobile phone users are MTS customers.
http://wn.com/MTS_Uzbekistan_Interview_with_Michael_Hecker,_VP
Thanks Referee Iran Won 1-0 Uzbekistan ازبکستان ایران Goal Football Soccer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
Iran The New Champion of Asia in Wrestling ایران قهرمان آسیا در کشتی Due to the death of Hidden Imam Mahdi Khomeini, Iranian TV did not broadcast the Game, Sorry for Low Quality با توجه به مرگ امام مهدی پنهان روح الله خمینی (ره)، تلویزیون ایران بازی را پخش نکرد متاسفم برای کیفیت پایین The Death of Last Messenger of God Khomeini مرگ آخرین پیغمبر الهی خمینی Iran www.youtube.com گفتگوی رضا پهلوی با رادیو اسراییل سی ماه می ۲۰۱۲ www.youtube.com www.youtube.com Taj Esteghlal Tehran vs Nasaf Qarshi Uzbekistan الجزیره امارات Jazira UAE خلاصه بازی امروز سپاهان و فولاد هدف الأول على الشباب السعودي AL JAZIRA (UAE) باختاكور ESTEGHLAL (IRN) AL RAYYAN (QAT) NASAF (UZB) AL ITTIHAD (KSA) BANIYAS (UAE) PAKHTAKOR (UZB) AL ARABI (QAT) AL AHLI (KSA) FOOLAD SEPAHAN (IRN) LEKHWIYA (QAT) AL NASR (UAE) AL HILAL (KSA) PIROOZI ATHLETIC (IRN) AL GHARAFA (QAT) AL SHABAB AL ARABI (UAE) ADELAIDE UNITED (AUS) POHANG STEELERS (KOR) BUNYODKOR (UZB) GAMBA OSAKA (JPN) FC TOKYO (JPN) ULSAN HYUNDAI (KOR) BRISBANE ROAR (AUS) BEIJING GUOAN (CHN) SEONGNAM ILHWA CHUNMA (KOR) NAGOYA GRAMPUS (JPN) CENTRAL COAST MARINERS (AUS) TIANJIN TEDA (CHN) JEONBUK HYUNDAI MOTORS (KOR) GUANGZHOU EVERGRANDE (CHN) * KASHIWA REYSOL (JPN) * BURIRAM UNITED (THA) The Salman Rushdie of music Shahin Najafi & Majid Kazemi - Naghi شاهین نجفی آی نقی Iran The Salman Rushdie of music? Iran calls for killing of 'apostate' rap artist Ayatollah Safi Golpayegani, a Shi'ite cleric based in the holy Iranian city of Qom, has issued a death <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Thanks_Referee_Iran_Won_1-0_Uzbekistan_ازبکستان_ایران_Goal_Football_Soccer
Lebanon Vs Uzbekistan: 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian Qualifiers (Final Rd, Match Day 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 08 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
Lebanon 1-1 Uzbekistan: : Lebanon and Uzbekistan both picked up their first points of the final round qualifying campaign for the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals as Friday's Group A encounter ended 1-1 at Sports City Stadium. For more, visit goo.gl Visit our channel: goo.gl FACEBOOK: goo.gl TWITTER: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Lebanon_Vs_Uzbekistan_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Asian_Qualifiers_Final_Rd,_Match_Day_2
Human rights in Uzbekistan/US policy/ Steve Swerdlow of HRW on VOA Uzbek
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:33
- Published: 07 Apr 2012
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Steve Swerdlow, Human Rights Watch Uzbekistan researcher, talks to Navbahor Imamova, VOA Uzbek, 3-30-12 Washington DC
http://wn.com/Human_rights_in_Uzbekistan_US_policy_Steve_Swerdlow_of_HRW_on_VOA_Uzbek
![Uzbekistan Vs. Iran | | Goals [ WCQ 2014]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121003014935im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/83RosbZHmvI/0.jpg "Uzbekistan Vs. Iran | | Goals [ WCQ 2014]")
Uzbekistan Vs. Iran | | Goals [ WCQ 2014]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
More: www.facebook.com www.pfdctv.com Goals of the Asian World Cup Qualification 2014 first Leg match between the national teams of Uzbeskiatn and Iran. ازبكستان 0 - 1 ايران Goal Scorer 90′ [0-1] Mohammad Reza Khalatbari (assist by Karim Ansarifard)
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Vs_Iran_|_|_Goals_WCQ_2014_
Uzbekistan vs DPR Korea: 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian Qualifiers - (Round 3, Match Day 4)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 08 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
Uzbekistan 1-0 DPR Korea: Timur Kapadze's strike early in the second-half was enough for Uzbekistan to defeat DPR Korea 1-0 on Friday in Group C of the third round of 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers sealing the Central Asians' progression to the next phase along with Japan. For more, visit goo.gl Visit our channel: goo.gl FACEBOOK: goo.gl TWITTER: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_vs_DPR_Korea_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Asian_Qualifiers_Round_3,_Match_Day_4
Uzbekistan vs Korea Republic: 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian Qualifiers (Final Rd, Match Day 4)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 11 Sep 2012
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Uzbekistan 2-2 Korea Republic: Korea Republic extended their unbeaten start to the final round of qualifying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup after sharing an entertaining 2-2 draw with Uzbekistan on Tuesday which left the Central Asians still searching for a first win in Group A. For more, visit goo.gl Visit our channel: goo.gl FACEBOOK: goo.gl TWITTER: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_vs_Korea_Republic_2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Asian_Qualifiers_Final_Rd,_Match_Day_4
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The silk road city of Samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 14 Jul 2006
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
2002 Visit of / Visite de / Besuch von / Visita de / Chiamata di de Samarkande (ouzbekistan) / Samarkand (uzbekistan) Semerkand / Самарқанд / Samarkand / の訪問 / زياره سمرقند / 访问萨马尔罕 / Samarkand / 의 방문 Samarkand (Greek: Marakanda) is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the (Silk Road) trade route between China and Europe. At times Samarkand has been the greatest city of Central Asia, and for much of its history it has been under Persian rule. Founded circa 700 BCE it was already the capital of the Sogdian satrapy under the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia when Alexander the Great conquered it in 329 BCE (see Afrasiab, Sogdiana). Under Sassanid Empire of Persia, Samarkand flourished and became one of the most important cities of the Persian empire. Under Abbasid rule, the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas in 751, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world to be founded in Samarkand. The invention then spread to the rest of the Islamic world, and from there to Europe (either through Spain or through crusaders). From the 6th to 13th centuries it grew larger and more populous than modern Samarkand and was controlled by the Western Turks, Arabs (who converted the area to Islam), Persian Samanids, Karakhan Turks, Seljuk Turks, Karakitay, and Khorezmshah before being sacked by the Mongols in 1220. A small part of the population survived, but Samarkand suffered at <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_silk_road_city_of_Samarkand
Samarkand 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Published: 16 Apr 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Update of the city
http://wn.com/Samarkand_2012
BBC - In the footsteps of Alexander (Samarkand) 18
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Published: 02 Aug 2007
- Updated: 22 Jun 2012
In thefootsteps of Alexander the Great In this award winning adventure Micheal Wood embarks on a 2000 mile journey in the foot steps of Alexander's triumphal march from Greece to India. Travelling with Lebanese traders, Iranian pilgrims and Afghan guerillas, by jeep, train, boat, camel and on foot, he interweaves the momentous events of the past with present day reality and brings us new insights into a man whose myth and acheivements still resonate down the centuries. "We saw things I can scarcely believe. We took shelter for the night with an Afghan warlord who had delivered pizzas in the United States, and were hauled off to jail more than once. It was one of the great experiences of my life" - Michael Wood lexander then set off in pursuit of Darius again, first into Media, and then Parthia.[94] The Persian king was no longer in control of his destiny, having been taken prisoner by Bessus, his Bactrian satrap and kinsman.[95] As Alexander approached, Bessus had his men fatally stab the Great King and then declared himself Darius' successor as Artaxerxes V, before retreating into Central Asia to launch a guerrilla campaign against Alexander.[96] Darius' remains were buried by Alexander next to his Achaemenid predecessors in a full regal funeral.[97] Alexander claimed that, while dying, Darius had named him as his successor to the Achaemenid throne.[98] The Achaemenid Empire is normally considered to have fallen with the death of Darius.[99] Silver coin of Alexander <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/BBC_In_the_footsteps_of_Alexander_Samarkand_18
Samarkand - City of Amir Temur
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Published: 05 Jun 2011
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Samarkand video shows historical monuments of the city and other tourist attractions. See more info on Samarkand at www.advantour.com
http://wn.com/Samarkand_City_of_Amir_Temur
Amuk - Samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 19 Apr 2009
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
original artis bloodshed! best lgu nieh.. download lagendarockmp3.blogspot.com komen o msg snie www.myspace.com
http://wn.com/Amuk_Samarkand
Samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Published: 15 Apr 2012
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
ancient samarkand
http://wn.com/Samarkand
Samarkand 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:52
- Published: 03 Feb 2011
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
New city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan 2011
http://wn.com/Samarkand_2011
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Published: 11 Jun 2010
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
Samarkand is situated in the valley of the river Zarafshan. It is the second largest city of Uzbekistan and is of the same age as the city of Babylon or Rome. The history of Samarkand is about 2500 years old and has witnessed a lot of upheavals during the times of Alexander the Great, the Arabic Conquest, Genghis-Khan Conquest and lastly Tamerlane's. Hence, the culture of Samarkand was developed and mixed together with the Iranian, Indian, Mongolian and a bit of the Western and Eastern cultures. Majestic and beautiful city Samarkand has a marvelous and attractive power. Poets and historians of the past called it "Rome of the East, The beauty of sublunary countries, The pearl of the Eastern Moslem World". Its advantageous geographical position in Zarafshan valley put Samarkand to the first place among cities of the Central Asia.
http://wn.com/Samarkand,_Uzbekistan
Thorstein Bergman & Swenska Hjeltar - "Samarkand"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Published: 31 Jan 2008
- Updated: 05 Apr 2012
Svensk visa
http://wn.com/Thorstein_Bergman_Swenska_Hjeltar_Samarkand
Samarkand, 2500 year old Silk Road city Part 2/17
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:41
- Published: 19 Jan 2012
- Updated: 19 Aug 2012
youtube: nurettinodunya Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road). At times Samarkand has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia. Population (2008) • City 596300 • Urban 643970 • Metro 708000 Samarkand (Uzbek: Samarqand; Tajik: Самарқанд; Persian: سمرقند; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city. In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand -- Crossroads of Cultures. Link:Wikipedia
http://wn.com/Samarkand,_2500_year_old_Silk_Road_city_Part_2_17
Ouzbékistan Découverte monuments de Samarkand (Discovery monuments of Samarkand Uzbekistan)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:39
- Published: 09 Apr 2011
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
( Merci de noter cette vidéo ) ,La ville historique de Samarkand ,représente un carrefour et un lieu de synthèse des cultures du monde entier. Fondée au VIIe siècle avant l'ère chrétienne sous le nom d'Afrasyab, Samarkand connut son apogée à l'époque timouride, du XIVe au XVe siècle. Les principaux monuments comprennent la mosquée et les médersas du Registan, la mosquée de Bibi-Khanum, l'ensemble de Shah i-Zinda et celui de Gur i-Emir, ainsi que l'observatoire d'Ulugh-Beg. --------------------------(english)---------------------- The historic town of Samarkand illustrates in its art, architecture and urban structure the most important stages of Central Asian cultural and political history from the 13th century to the present day. Ensembles such as the Bibi Khanum Mosque and Registan Square played a seminal role in the development of Islamic architecture over the entire region, from the Mediterranean to the Indian subcontinent. Samarkand is a crossroad and melting pot of the world's cultures. Founded in the 7th century BC as ancient Afrosiab, Samarkand had its most significant development in the Timurid period from the 14th to 15th centuries. Located on the crossroads of the great trade routes that traversed Central Asia, Samarkand has a multi-millennial history. Archaeological excavations have brought to light the remains of settlements from the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. Afrosiab had a strategic location at the time of the formation of the first large states <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Ouzbékistan_Découverte_monuments_de_Samarkand_Discovery_monuments_of_Samarkand_Uzbekistan
Lola - Tashkent Samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Published: 04 Jul 2006
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Uzbek music video with nice scenery of Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/Lola_Tashkent_Samarkand
Samarkand tuy XURSHED IRODA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:46
- Published: 04 Oct 2009
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
Samarkand - Bloodshed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Published: 13 Jan 2008
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
rock purba kala
http://wn.com/Samarkand_Bloodshed
bond - Road to samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Published: 25 Jul 2011
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
New track from Bond's new Album "Play"
http://wn.com/bond_Road_to_samarkand
Bachoyi Samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 16 Jul 2008
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
uzbek boy samarkaqnd behzod jurayev
http://wn.com/Bachoyi_Samarkand
Magdalena Released From Shame -Samarkand Tajik Dialect
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:59
- Published: 06 Feb 2012
- Updated: 06 Aug 2012
The Story of Isa's life and teachings narrated by Marium Magdalena who lived and witnessed Isa while he was walking the Earth.
http://wn.com/Magdalena_Released_From_Shame_-Samarkand_Tajik_Dialect
The market of Samarkand (Uzbekistan)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Published: 06 Apr 2012
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
VALPARD FILMS valpardfilms.awardspace.com
http://wn.com/The_market_of_Samarkand_Uzbekistan
Samarkand - My Home! (Part II)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Published: 01 Sep 2007
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
Pictures are the courtesy of Mr Sergey Karpenko. Compiled with the one of the most loved songs about Samarkand in the background. The singer is Samarkand born famous Uzbekistan singer, Nasiba Abdullaeva. The compilation includes only pictures of historical monuments, architectural sites. The ides is to show Samarkand for those who miss it; give a flavour of the beauty of the city to all those who would ever have a wish see the city in the future.
http://wn.com/Samarkand_My_Home!_Part_II
Uzbek/Tajik Classical Dance "Samarkand Ushoqi" performed by Silk Road Dance Company
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Published: 08 Jan 2008
- Updated: 14 May 2012
www.facebook.com/silkroaddancecompany www.silkroaddance.com Silk Road Dance Company: Samarkand Ushori from the "Legacy Repertoire" This piece features the elegant, regal poses which typify classical Uzbek dance. The music is a setting for Farsi poetry by Zebunnisa, a grand-daughter of Tamerlane, and is performed by Zuleikho Baikhonova. Choreography by Kunduz Mirkarimova. Costume Design by Laurel Victoria Gray won the Metro DC Dance Award fro Excellence in Costume Design Choreography: People's Artist of Uzbekistan, Kunduz Mukarimova Costume design: Laurel Victoria Gray
http://wn.com/Uzbek_Tajik_Classical_Dance_Samarkand_Ushoqi_performed_by_Silk_Road_Dance_Company
Samarkand Hotels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 14 Apr 2012
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
Lev Leviev in Samarkand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 30 Mar 2009
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Lev Leviev in Smarkand with Mulodzhanov Family in Samarkand. Engoy, Rate, and Comment!
http://wn.com/Lev_Leviev_in_Samarkand
Samarkand jewish semetary Amini Kobulis grave first & other buharians
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:04
- Published: 07 Mar 2011
- Updated: 11 Apr 2012
Samarkand august 1987 coments made Tomor Shimunova Rahmat kuna Tomor holaya Grandduther Amini Kobuli.
http://wn.com/Samarkand_jewish_semetary_Amini_Kobulis_grave_first_other_buharians
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Uzbekistan - Andijan Massacre
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Published: 17 Oct 2007
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
May 2005 One year on and there is still no justice for those killed in the massacre in Andijan, Uzbekistan on 13 May 2005. After an attempt by gunmen to release religious extremists in the jails, the whole town was moved to protest not simply over the men in prison but poverty and a repressive government regime. Hundreds of unarmed people were killed and injured. This film was made by the first camera crew to make it to Andijan. Having secretly entered the town via Kurdistan they interview those involved both in Andijan itself, and in the refugee camps that the tragedy created.
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Andijan_Massacre
Uzbekistan, Andijan Uprising Report by PBS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 15 Apr 2008
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
10 days after uprising in Andijan PBS reported this program.
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan,_Andijan_Uprising_Report_by_PBS
German TV uzbek journalists after Andijan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:32
- Published: 28 Nov 2008
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
German TV uzbek journalists after Andijan
http://wn.com/German_TV_uzbek_journalists_after_Andijan
Raw Silk: Uzbekistan Travels Part XXIII: Andijon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:23
- Published: 14 Dec 2010
- Updated: 08 Jun 2012
We continue our tour of the Margilon silk factory and then via Kuva (Kuba) to Andijon (Andijan), stopping to taste pomegranates and quince. At Andijon, we eat sitting on a tapchan at a chaikhana. Finally, we visit the Bobur Mirza (Babur) museum.
http://wn.com/Raw_Silk_Uzbekistan_Travels_Part_XXIII_Andijon
Uzbekistan Andijon Andijan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Published: 01 Mar 2009
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Salom hammaga Aziz Andijon halqiga Vatan soginchni shu Suratlar orqaliyk .... Kifoya qlishlikni Allah nasib etsin .....
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Andijon_Andijan
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 2-3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Published: 22 Nov 2007
- Updated: 08 Dec 2011
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV stations. However, there was no independent investigation to Andijan uprising. According to Uzbek officials, 187 people died most of whom clamed to be Uzbek Soldiers and Policemen. But according to some International Human Rights monitors, 800-1500 died mainly ordinary people, ie elderly, women, and children. (Special thanks to those who translated and dubbed this film into English) Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
http://wn.com/Massacre_of_Andijan_on_Uzbek_TV_Part_2-3
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 1-3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:21
- Published: 22 Nov 2007
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV stations. However, there was no independent investigation to Andijan uprising. According to Uzbek officials, 187 people died most of whom clamed to be Uzbek Soldiers and Policemen. But according to some International Human Rights monitors, 800-1500 died mainly ordinary people, ie elderly, women, and children. (Special thanks to those who translated and dubbed this film into English) Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
http://wn.com/Massacre_of_Andijan_on_Uzbek_TV_Part_1-3
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 3-3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:58
- Published: 22 Nov 2007
- Updated: 08 Dec 2011
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV stations. However, there was no independent investigation to Andijan uprising. According to Uzbek officials, 187 people died most of whom clamed to be Uzbek Soldiers and Policemen. But according to some International Human Rights monitors, 800-1500 died mainly ordinary people, ie elderly, women, and children. (Special thanks to those who translated and dubbed this film into English) Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
http://wn.com/Massacre_of_Andijan_on_Uzbek_TV_Part_3-3
Uzbekistan KHASANOV SANJAR (Andijan) -- ADEL JAWAD ABDULKADHIM (Iraq)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Published: 23 Jan 2011
- Updated: 13 Mar 2012
Muay Thai
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_KHASANOV_SANJAR_Andijan_-_ADEL_JAWAD_ABDULKADHIM_Iraq
andijon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:52
- Published: 15 Oct 2007
- Updated: 30 Jun 2012
uzbekistan
http://wn.com/andijon
Andijon Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Published: 15 Aug 2009
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
In April 2005, I spent two weeks with a family in Andijon in the Ferghana Valley learning the Uzbek language. Here's some video of the experience. In this first installment we step into a typical Uzbek home, browse through a food market, taste some horse sausage, and visit the towns of Ferghana and Margilon.
http://wn.com/Andijon_Part_1
usa,сша,Андижан,Andijan?uzbekistan,узбекистан,ozbekiston,happy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 26 Jan 2011
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Andijon Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:36
- Published: 15 Aug 2009
- Updated: 27 Jul 2012
Today, in the second episode of my 2005 Uzbekistan homestay, we visit a street kiosk and learn how to make "somsa," the national snack food baked in a tandoor oven; watch bakers churning out "non," the distinctive round Uzbek bread; and watch my host mother preparing the bean-and-rice stew "moshkichiri." Finally we visit a tea house and help prepare "plov" (rice pilaf with lamb), the Uzbeks' most beloved dish.
http://wn.com/Andijon_Part_2
The Exposing the Andijan Massacre
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:08
- Published: 08 May 2011
- Updated: 10 Apr 2012
On May 13, 2005, Uzbek government forces killed hundreds of unarmed people who participated in a massive public protest in the eastern Uzbek city of Andijan. The scale of this killing was so extensive, and its nature was so indiscriminate and disproportionate, that it can best be described as a massacre. A Human Rights Watch field investigation in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan recreated a comprehensive account of the events of May 13 and 14 in Andijan. Our findings clearly demonstrate the Uzbek government forces' undeniable responsibility for the massacre.
http://wn.com/The_Exposing_the_Andijan_Massacre
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Published: 21 May 2011
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
http://wn.com/Андижон,_Узбекистон_кучаси,_Andijan,_Uzbekistan_kuchasi,
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Published: 21 May 2011
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
http://wn.com/Андижон,_Узбекистон_кучаси,_Andijan,_Uzbekistan_kuchasi,
Andijon Part 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:05
- Published: 15 Aug 2009
- Updated: 17 Dec 2011
In the final episode of my Ferghana Valley adventure, we visit a wheat field, tour the Mullah Kyrgyz Madrassah in the historic city of Namangan, get an unauthorized tour of a cotton processing factory, and see the Tashkent home of Uzbekistan's first (Soviet era) president, Yuldosh Akhunbabaev. Featured music includes a sufi chant, Philip Glass's music from "Koyannisqatsi," and a rousing march by the Red Army Chorus.
http://wn.com/Andijon_Part_3
UZBEK KOREA ANDIJON
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Published: 24 Jun 2011
- Updated: 02 Jul 2012
UZBEK KOREA ANDIJON
http://wn.com/UZBEK_KOREA_ANDIJON
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Published: 21 May 2011
- Updated: 27 Jan 2012
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
http://wn.com/Андижон,_Узбекистон_кучаси,_Andijan,_Uzbekistan_kuchasi,
American song for Uzbeks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Published: 13 Jul 2007
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
We do not know who is the author of this song, but we are pleased to know that there are people in the US who understand our sufferings.
http://wn.com/American_song_for_Uzbeks
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Published: 21 May 2011
- Updated: 21 May 2011
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
http://wn.com/Андижон,_Узбекистон_кучаси,_Andijan,_Uzbekistan_kuchasi,
Andijan, part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:39
- Published: 13 Jun 2006
- Updated: 13 Jan 2012
A video produced by the government of Uzbekistan of the 2005 events in Andijan. Read more here: www.joshuakucera.net
http://wn.com/Andijan,_part_1
Uzbekistan: Andizhan (Ethnic Dance Theatre)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Published: 12 Nov 2009
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
This version of this Uzbeki men's dance was performed as part of EDT's Beyond the Crescent Moon show that debuted in the Fall of 2006 in Minneapolis, MN. In this traditional men's dance that recalls the Central Asian steppe, the men challenge each other around a campfire after the day's travel or shepherding work is done. Uzbeks were traditionally a nomadic people that inhabited the Central Asian steppe lands. Uzbeks were skilled horsemen and could be fierce, mounted warriors. In this dance, one can see movements reminiscent of the powerful steeds upon which Uzbek riders could travel over 100 miles in a single day. Dancers: Royal Anderson, John Czichray, Donald LaCourse, Daniel Wovcha Musical Soloist: Tim O'Keefe on frame drum, or dayereh/ doyra/dojra/dajre/doira/dajreja. www.ethnicdancetheatre.com JOIN US ON FACEBOOK http
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_Andizhan_Ethnic_Dance_Theatre
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Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Published: 06 Mar 2009
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Tashkent, capital of Uzbekistan - Oct. 2008
http://wn.com/Tashkent,_Uzbekistan
Tashkent - the Capital of Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 06 Jun 2011
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
www.advantour.com - Tashkent video tour of the historical sites and attractions.
http://wn.com/Tashkent_the_Capital_of_Uzbekistan
Tashkent, Uzbekistan: It's Definitely Worth a Visit!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:03
- Published: 17 Apr 2011
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
Part II of my 3 Stan' Tour! This time I move onto the Uzbek capital to see the sights. Tashkent surprised me.
http://wn.com/Tashkent,_Uzbekistan_It's_Definitely_Worth_a_Visit!
Nash Lyubimiy Tashkent, Uzbekistan!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Published: 01 Jun 2009
- Updated: 19 Aug 2012
Nash Lubimiy Gorod gde mi rodilis!!! 120 Nationalnostey projivayut v Uzbekistane i mnogiye skuchayut po Uzbekistanu i po Tashkentu kto za predelami Rodini! Nadeyus posle video prilyotsa energiya!!!
http://wn.com/Nash_Lyubimiy_Tashkent,_Uzbekistan!!!
BAZAR IN TASHKENT - UZBEKISTAN = ESKI-JUVA BAZAR ( OAJ EKSI-JUVA DEHQUON BOZORI ) 21.10.09.AVI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Published: 14 Jan 2010
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Spicy open food on the market in Tashkent / Uzbekistan / Central Asia / Near East
http://wn.com/BAZAR_IN_TASHKENT_UZBEKISTAN_=_ESKI-JUVA_BAZAR_OAJ_EKSI-JUVA_DEHQUON_BOZORI_211009AVI
Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2010 (HDTV 1080p)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Published: 06 Dec 2010
- Updated: 27 Jul 2012
Taken Video was June 16, 2010..
http://wn.com/Tashkent,_Uzbekistan_2010_HDTV_1080p
Tashkent,Uzbekistan,Subways,Streets,Wedding and Night Life/Sevara Nazarxon-Bahor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:06
- Published: 30 Mar 2011
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Jadoo Live at Caravan Art Cafe, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:48
- Published: 10 May 2011
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Here is a clip from a recent episode of PBS travel series Rudy Maxa's World of premier Uzbek jam-band JADOO. Enjoy and please visit us at effigyrecords.net to review our catalog. Toir Kuziev, sato Matrasul Matyoqubov, kuchnay Utkur Kadirov, fiddle Otanazar Khudaynazarov: accordion Jack Clift, guitar Gulom Mukhamedjanov, tabla Bakhodir Mirakov, tabla Nodir Raimov, karnay Nodir Azimov, karnay
http://wn.com/Jadoo_Live_at_Caravan_Art_Cafe,_Tashkent,_Uzbekistan_2009
Tashkent - Uzbekistan 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Published: 12 Jun 2011
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
History lessons come alive .. Tashkent to me conjures up the city where our prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died under mysterious circumstances on 11th. January 1966 one day after the peace treaty was signed by India and Pakistan. What i found in post Russian Tashkent is a clean pretty city , with overbearing and sometimes much too grandeous architecture and monuments , what touched my heart completely are the warm and friendly people of Uzbekistan , the food , their markets , their culture which has survived despite dry , cold , successive and supressive regimes - even to date.
http://wn.com/Tashkent_Uzbekistan_2011
Tashkent Uzbekistan in 1982
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Published: 07 Aug 2009
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
Shot on Super 8mm film and transferred to tape. A visit to Tashkent in Uzbekistan (a part of the Soviet Union at the time) in August 1982.
http://wn.com/Tashkent_Uzbekistan_in_1982
Uzbek wedding party in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:59
- Published: 15 Sep 2011
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
uzbek wedding party full version from begining to the end of party
http://wn.com/Uzbek_wedding_party_in_Tashkent,_Uzbekistan
Outside Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Published: 27 Feb 2009
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
We were walking around Chorsu Bazaar for quite a long time and quite surprised by how big it was. You will hear me singing and see Queenie excercising. When things are not exciting enough we entertain ourselves...ha ha....
http://wn.com/Outside_Chorsu_Bazaar,_Tashkent,_Uzbekistan
1. Tashkent to Samarkand, Uzbekistan Highway Road 2010 (HDTV 1080p)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:10
- Published: 13 Dec 2010
- Updated: 24 Apr 2012
Tasheknt to Samarkand, Uzbekistan Highway Road 2010 (HDTV 1080p) Parts 1.. Taken Video was June 16, 2010. I and My Uncle drive to Samarkand, Uzbekistan.. I need visited my friends and family. soon last day September 2010 because here Tashkent Uzbekistan no more they have not jobs I know I do not want stay to Samarkand because family much problem. I won't get new uzbek girl then wedding but warning problem.. I want stay to USA... GOOD LUCK..
http://wn.com/1_Tashkent_to_Samarkand,_Uzbekistan_Highway_Road_2010_HDTV_1080p
Tashkent Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Published: 21 Feb 2010
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
Tashkent Uzbekistan
http://wn.com/Tashkent_Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan TASHKENT 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 13 Jan 2011
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
samie novie i krasivie foto TASHKENTA
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan_TASHKENT_2011
Xorazm / Hits concerto Tashkent Uzbekistan 2009 new Uzbek
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 20 Jul 2009
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Uzbek Tashkent 2009 new OG`ABEK SOBIROV Hits concerto Tashkent Classical hits Uzbek uzbek hits uzbek clips uzbek songs Uzbek music uzbek dance uzbek traditional music uzbek pop music yulduz xorazm,yulduzlari popular songs xorazm xorazm lazgi uzbek new clips uzbek lazgi uzbek konsert...
http://wn.com/Xorazm_Hits_concerto_Tashkent_Uzbekistan_2009_new_Uzbek
Chorsu Bazaar in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Published: 11 Jan 2012
- Updated: 11 Jan 2012
ITF World Championships 2008 Tashkent Uzbekistan - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Published: 15 Dec 2008
- Updated: 12 Feb 2012
ITF World Championships 2008 Tashkent Uzbekistan Part 1
http://wn.com/ITF_World_Championships_2008_Tashkent_Uzbekistan_Part_1
Lal Bahadur Shastri - Meeting in Tashkent 1966
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:21
- Published: 15 Sep 2010
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
On January 4, 1966, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the official opening of the meeting of the statesmen of Pakistan and India with the participation of the Russian Prime-Minister Kosyigin took place. On the Indian part, there was Prime-Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri who was accompanied by Mr. Chandrika Srivastava (Sir CP). The negotiations lasted till January 10 and resulted in signing Tashkent Declaration. This meeting was described in Sir CP's book.
http://wn.com/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_Meeting_in_Tashkent_1966
THE SCENIC CITY OF TASHKENT,UZBEKISTAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Published: 04 Mar 2012
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
AN EXPERIENCE OF A LIFE TIME DURING MY FIRST VISIT TO UZBEKISTAN
http://wn.com/THE_SCENIC_CITY_OF_TASHKENT,UZBEKISTAN
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:09
- Published: 06 Aug 2009
- Updated: 10 Apr 2012
Me walking at Chigatai in Tashkent, Uzbekistan with my god friend Damir.
http://wn.com/Tashkent,_Uzbekistan
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Published: 25 Jul 2008
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
Tashkent
http://wn.com/Tashkent,_Uzbekistan
Capital Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Central Asia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Published: 25 Jun 2012
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Tashkent - Biggest, modern city in Central Asia with 3 million population, Capital of Uzbekistan. Visit Uzbekistan with Anur Tour. www.TourstoUzbekistan.com
http://wn.com/Capital_Tashkent,_Uzbekistan,_Central_Asia
3:53
The silk road city of Samarkand
2002 Visit of / Visite de / Besuch von / Visita de / Chiamata di de Samarkande (ouzbekista...
published: 14 Jul 2006
Author: valpard
The silk road city of Samarkand
2002 Visit of / Visite de / Besuch von / Visita de / Chiamata di de Samarkande (ouzbekistan) / Samarkand (uzbekistan) Semerkand / Самарқанд / Samarkand / の訪問 / زياره سمرقند / 访问萨马尔罕 / Samarkand / 의 방문 Samarkand (Greek: Marakanda) is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the (Silk Road) trade route between China and Europe. At times Samarkand has been the greatest city of Central Asia, and for much of its history it has been under Persian rule. Founded circa 700 BCE it was already the capital of the Sogdian satrapy under the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia when Alexander the Great conquered it in 329 BCE (see Afrasiab, Sogdiana). Under Sassanid Empire of Persia, Samarkand flourished and became one of the most important cities of the Persian empire. Under Abbasid rule, the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas in 751, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world to be founded in Samarkand. The invention then spread to the rest of the Islamic world, and from there to Europe (either through Spain or through crusaders). From the 6th to 13th centuries it grew larger and more populous than modern Samarkand and was controlled by the Western Turks, Arabs (who converted the area to Islam), Persian Samanids, Karakhan Turks, Seljuk Turks, Karakitay, and Khorezmshah before being sacked by the Mongols in 1220. A small part of the population survived, but Samarkand suffered at <b>...</b>
7:44
Samarkand 2012
Update of the city...
published: 16 Apr 2012
Author: morhash0
Samarkand 2012
Update of the city
7:21
BBC - In the footsteps of Alexander (Samarkand) 18
In thefootsteps of Alexander the Great In this award winning adventure Micheal Wood embark...
published: 02 Aug 2007
Author: alexandros1821
BBC - In the footsteps of Alexander (Samarkand) 18
In thefootsteps of Alexander the Great In this award winning adventure Micheal Wood embarks on a 2000 mile journey in the foot steps of Alexander's triumphal march from Greece to India. Travelling with Lebanese traders, Iranian pilgrims and Afghan guerillas, by jeep, train, boat, camel and on foot, he interweaves the momentous events of the past with present day reality and brings us new insights into a man whose myth and acheivements still resonate down the centuries. "We saw things I can scarcely believe. We took shelter for the night with an Afghan warlord who had delivered pizzas in the United States, and were hauled off to jail more than once. It was one of the great experiences of my life" - Michael Wood lexander then set off in pursuit of Darius again, first into Media, and then Parthia.[94] The Persian king was no longer in control of his destiny, having been taken prisoner by Bessus, his Bactrian satrap and kinsman.[95] As Alexander approached, Bessus had his men fatally stab the Great King and then declared himself Darius' successor as Artaxerxes V, before retreating into Central Asia to launch a guerrilla campaign against Alexander.[96] Darius' remains were buried by Alexander next to his Achaemenid predecessors in a full regal funeral.[97] Alexander claimed that, while dying, Darius had named him as his successor to the Achaemenid throne.[98] The Achaemenid Empire is normally considered to have fallen with the death of Darius.[99] Silver coin of Alexander <b>...</b>
2:01
Samarkand - City of Amir Temur
Samarkand video shows historical monuments of the city and other tourist attractions. See ...
published: 05 Jun 2011
Author: advantourcom
Samarkand - City of Amir Temur
Samarkand video shows historical monuments of the city and other tourist attractions. See more info on Samarkand at www.advantour.com
4:33
Amuk - Samarkand
original artis bloodshed! best lgu nieh.. download lagendarockmp3.blogspot.com komen o msg...
published: 19 Apr 2009
Author: rockersmalaya07
Amuk - Samarkand
original artis bloodshed! best lgu nieh.. download lagendarockmp3.blogspot.com komen o msg snie www.myspace.com
9:04
Samarkand
ancient samarkand...
published: 15 Apr 2012
Author: morhash0
Samarkand
ancient samarkand
9:52
Samarkand 2011
New city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan 2011...
published: 03 Feb 2011
Author: morhash0
Samarkand 2011
New city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan 2011
4:59
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Samarkand is situated in the valley of the river Zarafshan. It is the second largest city ...
published: 11 Jun 2010
Author: Pim Van den Berg
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Samarkand is situated in the valley of the river Zarafshan. It is the second largest city of Uzbekistan and is of the same age as the city of Babylon or Rome. The history of Samarkand is about 2500 years old and has witnessed a lot of upheavals during the times of Alexander the Great, the Arabic Conquest, Genghis-Khan Conquest and lastly Tamerlane's. Hence, the culture of Samarkand was developed and mixed together with the Iranian, Indian, Mongolian and a bit of the Western and Eastern cultures. Majestic and beautiful city Samarkand has a marvelous and attractive power. Poets and historians of the past called it "Rome of the East, The beauty of sublunary countries, The pearl of the Eastern Moslem World". Its advantageous geographical position in Zarafshan valley put Samarkand to the first place among cities of the Central Asia.
5:55
Thorstein Bergman & Swenska Hjeltar - "Samarkand"
Svensk visa...
published: 31 Jan 2008
Author: Visvaka
Thorstein Bergman & Swenska Hjeltar - "Samarkand"
Svensk visa
18:41
Samarkand, 2500 year old Silk Road city Part 2/17
youtube: nurettinodunya Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, pros...
published: 19 Jan 2012
Author: nurettinodunya
Samarkand, 2500 year old Silk Road city Part 2/17
youtube: nurettinodunya Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road). At times Samarkand has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia. Population (2008) • City 596300 • Urban 643970 • Metro 708000 Samarkand (Uzbek: Samarqand; Tajik: Самарқанд; Persian: سمرقند; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city. In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand -- Crossroads of Cultures. Link:Wikipedia
24:39
Ouzbékistan Découverte monuments de Samarkand (Discovery monuments of Samarkand Uzbekistan)
( Merci de noter cette vidéo ) ,La ville historique de Samarkand ,représente...
published: 09 Apr 2011
Author: videovalence
Ouzbékistan Découverte monuments de Samarkand (Discovery monuments of Samarkand Uzbekistan)
( Merci de noter cette vidéo ) ,La ville historique de Samarkand ,représente un carrefour et un lieu de synthèse des cultures du monde entier. Fondée au VIIe siècle avant l'ère chrétienne sous le nom d'Afrasyab, Samarkand connut son apogée à l'époque timouride, du XIVe au XVe siècle. Les principaux monuments comprennent la mosquée et les médersas du Registan, la mosquée de Bibi-Khanum, l'ensemble de Shah i-Zinda et celui de Gur i-Emir, ainsi que l'observatoire d'Ulugh-Beg. --------------------------(english)---------------------- The historic town of Samarkand illustrates in its art, architecture and urban structure the most important stages of Central Asian cultural and political history from the 13th century to the present day. Ensembles such as the Bibi Khanum Mosque and Registan Square played a seminal role in the development of Islamic architecture over the entire region, from the Mediterranean to the Indian subcontinent. Samarkand is a crossroad and melting pot of the world's cultures. Founded in the 7th century BC as ancient Afrosiab, Samarkand had its most significant development in the Timurid period from the 14th to 15th centuries. Located on the crossroads of the great trade routes that traversed Central Asia, Samarkand has a multi-millennial history. Archaeological excavations have brought to light the remains of settlements from the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. Afrosiab had a strategic location at the time of the formation of the first large states <b>...</b>
4:02
Lola - Tashkent Samarkand
Uzbek music video with nice scenery of Uzbekistan....
published: 04 Jul 2006
Author: Rubaru
Lola - Tashkent Samarkand
Uzbek music video with nice scenery of Uzbekistan.
9:46
Samarkand tuy XURSHED IRODA
...
published: 04 Oct 2009
Author: saman2607
Samarkand tuy XURSHED IRODA
4:58
Samarkand - Bloodshed
rock purba kala...
published: 13 Jan 2008
Author: rockemeyan
Samarkand - Bloodshed
rock purba kala
Vimeo results:
2:56
ARAL SEA
2541 Pics, 2 directors, 1 cat, 2 expulsions --> It's an Oʻzbekiston version
www.alaryromai...
published: 14 Jan 2011
Author: Romain A
ARAL SEA
2541 Pics, 2 directors, 1 cat, 2 expulsions --> It's an Oʻzbekiston version
www.alaryromain.com
www.antoinelevi.com
More Pics: alaryromain.com/bl0g/aral-sea-moynaq/
Music: Ninja Tune XX - Eskmo - Cloudlight
Date : December 2008 - January 2011
2:06
Uzbekistan
Backcountry snowboarding in Uzbekistan...
published: 13 Mar 2008
Author: Pavel Polyakov
Uzbekistan
Backcountry snowboarding in Uzbekistan
49:07
Uzbekistan
Visiting my (then future) wife in her hometown of Samarkand in Uzbekistan and stopping alo...
published: 30 May 2009
Author: Derek Morrison
Uzbekistan
Visiting my (then future) wife in her hometown of Samarkand in Uzbekistan and stopping along the way in Instanbul, Turkey.
2006-08-09
Youtube results:
3:27
bond - Road to samarkand
New track from Bond's new Album "Play"...
published: 25 Jul 2011
Author: Alberto De Los Rios
bond - Road to samarkand
New track from Bond's new Album "Play"
3:53
Bachoyi Samarkand
uzbek boy samarkaqnd behzod jurayev...
published: 16 Jul 2008
Author: Sayriya bekinem
Bachoyi Samarkand
uzbek boy samarkaqnd behzod jurayev
78:59
Magdalena Released From Shame -Samarkand Tajik Dialect
The Story of Isa's life and teachings narrated by Marium Magdalena who lived and witne...
published: 06 Feb 2012
Author: TajikWomen
Magdalena Released From Shame -Samarkand Tajik Dialect
The Story of Isa's life and teachings narrated by Marium Magdalena who lived and witnessed Isa while he was walking the Earth.
1:22
The market of Samarkand (Uzbekistan)
VALPARD FILMS valpardfilms.awardspace.com...
published: 06 Apr 2012
Author: valpard
The market of Samarkand (Uzbekistan)
VALPARD FILMS valpardfilms.awardspace.com
8:29
Uzbekistan - Andijan Massacre
May 2005 One year on and there is still no justice for those killed in the massacre in And...
published: 17 Oct 2007
Author: journeymanpictures
Uzbekistan - Andijan Massacre
May 2005 One year on and there is still no justice for those killed in the massacre in Andijan, Uzbekistan on 13 May 2005. After an attempt by gunmen to release religious extremists in the jails, the whole town was moved to protest not simply over the men in prison but poverty and a repressive government regime. Hundreds of unarmed people were killed and injured. This film was made by the first camera crew to make it to Andijan. Having secretly entered the town via Kurdistan they interview those involved both in Andijan itself, and in the refugee camps that the tragedy created.
4:49
Uzbekistan, Andijan Uprising Report by PBS
10 days after uprising in Andijan PBS reported this program....
published: 15 Apr 2008
Author: uzbekhelp
Uzbekistan, Andijan Uprising Report by PBS
10 days after uprising in Andijan PBS reported this program.
8:32
German TV uzbek journalists after Andijan
German TV uzbek journalists after Andijan...
published: 28 Nov 2008
Author: ZumradY
German TV uzbek journalists after Andijan
German TV uzbek journalists after Andijan
13:23
Raw Silk: Uzbekistan Travels Part XXIII: Andijon
We continue our tour of the Margilon silk factory and then via Kuva (Kuba) to Andijon (And...
published: 14 Dec 2010
Author: sanbanerj1
Raw Silk: Uzbekistan Travels Part XXIII: Andijon
We continue our tour of the Margilon silk factory and then via Kuva (Kuba) to Andijon (Andijan), stopping to taste pomegranates and quince. At Andijon, we eat sitting on a tapchan at a chaikhana. Finally, we visit the Bobur Mirza (Babur) museum.
5:36
Uzbekistan Andijon Andijan
Salom hammaga Aziz Andijon halqiga Vatan soginchni shu Suratlar orqaliyk .... Kifoya qlish...
published: 01 Mar 2009
Author: Firdavsi05
Uzbekistan Andijon Andijan
Salom hammaga Aziz Andijon halqiga Vatan soginchni shu Suratlar orqaliyk .... Kifoya qlishlikni Allah nasib etsin .....
9:56
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 2-3)
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV station...
published: 22 Nov 2007
Author: uzbekhelp
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 2-3)
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV stations. However, there was no independent investigation to Andijan uprising. According to Uzbek officials, 187 people died most of whom clamed to be Uzbek Soldiers and Policemen. But according to some International Human Rights monitors, 800-1500 died mainly ordinary people, ie elderly, women, and children. (Special thanks to those who translated and dubbed this film into English) Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
10:21
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 1-3)
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV station...
published: 22 Nov 2007
Author: uzbekhelp
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 1-3)
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV stations. However, there was no independent investigation to Andijan uprising. According to Uzbek officials, 187 people died most of whom clamed to be Uzbek Soldiers and Policemen. But according to some International Human Rights monitors, 800-1500 died mainly ordinary people, ie elderly, women, and children. (Special thanks to those who translated and dubbed this film into English) Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
8:58
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 3-3)
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV station...
published: 22 Nov 2007
Author: uzbekhelp
Massacre of Andijan on Uzbek TV (Part 3-3)
Following film was made by Uzbek officials, and periodically shown on all Uzbek TV stations. However, there was no independent investigation to Andijan uprising. According to Uzbek officials, 187 people died most of whom clamed to be Uzbek Soldiers and Policemen. But according to some International Human Rights monitors, 800-1500 died mainly ordinary people, ie elderly, women, and children. (Special thanks to those who translated and dubbed this film into English) Uzbekistan tashkent human rights violation torture jail prison uzbek opposition brutal uzbeks america british britain craig murray interview islam karimov dictator regime boiling killing freedom 9-11 politics
2:19
Uzbekistan KHASANOV SANJAR (Andijan) -- ADEL JAWAD ABDULKADHIM (Iraq)
Muay Thai...
published: 23 Jan 2011
Author: Farruh Muhiddinov
Uzbekistan KHASANOV SANJAR (Andijan) -- ADEL JAWAD ABDULKADHIM (Iraq)
Muay Thai
5:28
Andijon Part 1
In April 2005, I spent two weeks with a family in Andijon in the Ferghana Valley learning ...
published: 15 Aug 2009
Author: BLobstein
Andijon Part 1
In April 2005, I spent two weeks with a family in Andijon in the Ferghana Valley learning the Uzbek language. Here's some video of the experience. In this first installment we step into a typical Uzbek home, browse through a food market, taste some horse sausage, and visit the towns of Ferghana and Margilon.
2:10
usa,сша,Андижан,Andijan?uzbekistan,узбекистан,ozbekiston,happy
...
published: 26 Jan 2011
Author: baht.hasan bahtiyor.hasan
usa,сша,Андижан,Andijan?uzbekistan,узбекистан,ozbekiston,happy
8:36
Andijon Part 2
Today, in the second episode of my 2005 Uzbekistan homestay, we visit a street kiosk and l...
published: 15 Aug 2009
Author: BLobstein
Andijon Part 2
Today, in the second episode of my 2005 Uzbekistan homestay, we visit a street kiosk and learn how to make "somsa," the national snack food baked in a tandoor oven; watch bakers churning out "non," the distinctive round Uzbek bread; and watch my host mother preparing the bean-and-rice stew "moshkichiri." Finally we visit a tea house and help prepare "plov" (rice pilaf with lamb), the Uzbeks' most beloved dish.
8:08
The Exposing the Andijan Massacre
On May 13, 2005, Uzbek government forces killed hundreds of unarmed people who participate...
published: 08 May 2011
Author: uzhalkharakati
The Exposing the Andijan Massacre
On May 13, 2005, Uzbek government forces killed hundreds of unarmed people who participated in a massive public protest in the eastern Uzbek city of Andijan. The scale of this killing was so extensive, and its nature was so indiscriminate and disproportionate, that it can best be described as a massacre. A Human Rights Watch field investigation in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan recreated a comprehensive account of the events of May 13 and 14 in Andijan. Our findings clearly demonstrate the Uzbek government forces' undeniable responsibility for the massacre.
Vimeo results:
2:56
ARAL SEA
2541 Pics, 2 directors, 1 cat, 2 expulsions --> It's an Oʻzbekiston version
www.alaryromai...
published: 14 Jan 2011
Author: Romain A
ARAL SEA
2541 Pics, 2 directors, 1 cat, 2 expulsions --> It's an Oʻzbekiston version
www.alaryromain.com
www.antoinelevi.com
More Pics: alaryromain.com/bl0g/aral-sea-moynaq/
Music: Ninja Tune XX - Eskmo - Cloudlight
Date : December 2008 - January 2011
2:06
Uzbekistan
Backcountry snowboarding in Uzbekistan...
published: 13 Mar 2008
Author: Pavel Polyakov
Uzbekistan
Backcountry snowboarding in Uzbekistan
49:07
Uzbekistan
Visiting my (then future) wife in her hometown of Samarkand in Uzbekistan and stopping alo...
published: 30 May 2009
Author: Derek Morrison
Uzbekistan
Visiting my (then future) wife in her hometown of Samarkand in Uzbekistan and stopping along the way in Instanbul, Turkey.
2006-08-09
Youtube results:
1:07
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
Андижон, Узбек
...
published: 21 May 2011
Author: asiusweb
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
1:43
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
Андижон, Узбек
...
published: 21 May 2011
Author: asiusweb
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
Андижон, Узбекистон кучаси, Andijan, Uzbekistan kuchasi,
7:05
Andijon Part 3
In the final episode of my Ferghana Valley adventure, we visit a wheat field, tour the Mul...
published: 15 Aug 2009
Author: BLobstein
Andijon Part 3
In the final episode of my Ferghana Valley adventure, we visit a wheat field, tour the Mullah Kyrgyz Madrassah in the historic city of Namangan, get an unauthorized tour of a cotton processing factory, and see the Tashkent home of Uzbekistan's first (Soviet era) president, Yuldosh Akhunbabaev. Featured music includes a sufi chant, Philip Glass's music from "Koyannisqatsi," and a rousing march by the Red Army Chorus.
3:29
UZBEK KOREA ANDIJON
UZBEK KOREA ANDIJON...
published: 24 Jun 2011
Author: oybek66
UZBEK KOREA ANDIJON
UZBEK KOREA ANDIJON
3:08
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Tashkent, capital of Uzbekistan - Oct. 2008...
published: 06 Mar 2009
Author: maratn707
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Tashkent, capital of Uzbekistan - Oct. 2008
2:02
Tashkent - the Capital of Uzbekistan
www.advantour.com - Tashkent video tour of the historical sites and attractions....
published: 06 Jun 2011
Author: advantourcom
Tashkent - the Capital of Uzbekistan
www.advantour.com - Tashkent video tour of the historical sites and attractions.
8:03
Tashkent, Uzbekistan: It's Definitely Worth a Visit!
Part II of my 3 Stan' Tour! This time I move onto the Uzbek capital to see the sights....
published: 17 Apr 2011
Author: cessnagbdso
Tashkent, Uzbekistan: It's Definitely Worth a Visit!
Part II of my 3 Stan' Tour! This time I move onto the Uzbek capital to see the sights. Tashkent surprised me.
3:47
Nash Lyubimiy Tashkent, Uzbekistan!!!
Nash Lubimiy Gorod gde mi rodilis!!! 120 Nationalnostey projivayut v Uzbekistane i mnogiye...
published: 01 Jun 2009
Author: Sanjar10A7777
Nash Lyubimiy Tashkent, Uzbekistan!!!
Nash Lubimiy Gorod gde mi rodilis!!! 120 Nationalnostey projivayut v Uzbekistane i mnogiye skuchayut po Uzbekistanu i po Tashkentu kto za predelami Rodini! Nadeyus posle video prilyotsa energiya!!!
4:11
BAZAR IN TASHKENT - UZBEKISTAN = ESKI-JUVA BAZAR ( OAJ EKSI-JUVA DEHQUON BOZORI ) 21.10.09.AVI
Spicy open food on the market in Tashkent / Uzbekistan / Central Asia / Near East...
published: 14 Jan 2010
Author: GastroConsult
BAZAR IN TASHKENT - UZBEKISTAN = ESKI-JUVA BAZAR ( OAJ EKSI-JUVA DEHQUON BOZORI ) 21.10.09.AVI
Spicy open food on the market in Tashkent / Uzbekistan / Central Asia / Near East
3:38
Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2010 (HDTV 1080p)
Taken Video was June 16, 2010.....
published: 06 Dec 2010
Author: uzbeksamarqand14
Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2010 (HDTV 1080p)
Taken Video was June 16, 2010..
3:06
Tashkent,Uzbekistan,Subways,Streets,Wedding and Night Life/Sevara Nazarxon-Bahor
...
published: 30 Mar 2011
Author: UZuser2011
Tashkent,Uzbekistan,Subways,Streets,Wedding and Night Life/Sevara Nazarxon-Bahor
8:48
Jadoo Live at Caravan Art Cafe, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2009
Here is a clip from a recent episode of PBS travel series Rudy Maxa's World of premier...
published: 10 May 2011
Author: effigyrecords
Jadoo Live at Caravan Art Cafe, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2009
Here is a clip from a recent episode of PBS travel series Rudy Maxa's World of premier Uzbek jam-band JADOO. Enjoy and please visit us at effigyrecords.net to review our catalog. Toir Kuziev, sato Matrasul Matyoqubov, kuchnay Utkur Kadirov, fiddle Otanazar Khudaynazarov: accordion Jack Clift, guitar Gulom Mukhamedjanov, tabla Bakhodir Mirakov, tabla Nodir Raimov, karnay Nodir Azimov, karnay
5:43
Tashkent - Uzbekistan 2011
History lessons come alive .. Tashkent to me conjures up the city where our prime minister...
published: 12 Jun 2011
Author: viraj sushi karnik
Tashkent - Uzbekistan 2011
History lessons come alive .. Tashkent to me conjures up the city where our prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died under mysterious circumstances on 11th. January 1966 one day after the peace treaty was signed by India and Pakistan. What i found in post Russian Tashkent is a clean pretty city , with overbearing and sometimes much too grandeous architecture and monuments , what touched my heart completely are the warm and friendly people of Uzbekistan , the food , their markets , their culture which has survived despite dry , cold , successive and supressive regimes - even to date.
3:26
Tashkent Uzbekistan in 1982
Shot on Super 8mm film and transferred to tape. A visit to Tashkent in Uzbekistan (a part ...
published: 07 Aug 2009
Author: tvboy61
Tashkent Uzbekistan in 1982
Shot on Super 8mm film and transferred to tape. A visit to Tashkent in Uzbekistan (a part of the Soviet Union at the time) in August 1982.
13:59
Uzbek wedding party in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
uzbek wedding party full version from begining to the end of party...
published: 15 Sep 2011
Author: 550aurum
Uzbek wedding party in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
uzbek wedding party full version from begining to the end of party
0:51
Outside Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
We were walking around Chorsu Bazaar for quite a long time and quite surprised by how big ...
published: 27 Feb 2009
Author: durbanbay
Outside Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
We were walking around Chorsu Bazaar for quite a long time and quite surprised by how big it was. You will hear me singing and see Queenie excercising. When things are not exciting enough we entertain ourselves...ha ha....
9:10
1. Tashkent to Samarkand, Uzbekistan Highway Road 2010 (HDTV 1080p)
Tasheknt to Samarkand, Uzbekistan Highway Road 2010 (HDTV 1080p) Parts 1.. Taken Video was...
published: 13 Dec 2010
Author: uzbeksamarqand14
1. Tashkent to Samarkand, Uzbekistan Highway Road 2010 (HDTV 1080p)
Tasheknt to Samarkand, Uzbekistan Highway Road 2010 (HDTV 1080p) Parts 1.. Taken Video was June 16, 2010. I and My Uncle drive to Samarkand, Uzbekistan.. I need visited my friends and family. soon last day September 2010 because here Tashkent Uzbekistan no more they have not jobs I know I do not want stay to Samarkand because family much problem. I won't get new uzbek girl then wedding but warning problem.. I want stay to USA... GOOD LUCK..
5:16
Tashkent Uzbekistan
Tashkent Uzbekistan...
published: 21 Feb 2010
Author: Feruza48
Tashkent Uzbekistan
Tashkent Uzbekistan
Vimeo results:
2:56
ARAL SEA
2541 Pics, 2 directors, 1 cat, 2 expulsions --> It's an Oʻzbekiston version
www.alaryromai...
published: 14 Jan 2011
Author: Romain A
ARAL SEA
2541 Pics, 2 directors, 1 cat, 2 expulsions --> It's an Oʻzbekiston version
www.alaryromain.com
www.antoinelevi.com
More Pics: alaryromain.com/bl0g/aral-sea-moynaq/
Music: Ninja Tune XX - Eskmo - Cloudlight
Date : December 2008 - January 2011
2:06
Uzbekistan
Backcountry snowboarding in Uzbekistan...
published: 13 Mar 2008
Author: Pavel Polyakov
Uzbekistan
Backcountry snowboarding in Uzbekistan
49:07
Uzbekistan
Visiting my (then future) wife in her hometown of Samarkand in Uzbekistan and stopping alo...
published: 30 May 2009
Author: Derek Morrison
Uzbekistan
Visiting my (then future) wife in her hometown of Samarkand in Uzbekistan and stopping along the way in Instanbul, Turkey.
2006-08-09
Youtube results:
3:41
Uzbekistan TASHKENT 2011
samie novie i krasivie foto TASHKENTA...
published: 13 Jan 2011
Author: MrFarruh1
Uzbekistan TASHKENT 2011
samie novie i krasivie foto TASHKENTA
4:27
Xorazm / Hits concerto Tashkent Uzbekistan 2009 new Uzbek
Uzbek Tashkent 2009 new OG`ABEK SOBIROV Hits concerto Tashkent Classical hits Uzbek uzbek ...
published: 20 Jul 2009
Author: UZBEKHITS
Xorazm / Hits concerto Tashkent Uzbekistan 2009 new Uzbek
Uzbek Tashkent 2009 new OG`ABEK SOBIROV Hits concerto Tashkent Classical hits Uzbek uzbek hits uzbek clips uzbek songs Uzbek music uzbek dance uzbek traditional music uzbek pop music yulduz xorazm,yulduzlari popular songs xorazm xorazm lazgi uzbek new clips uzbek lazgi uzbek konsert...
1:26
Chorsu Bazaar in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
...
published: 11 Jan 2012
Author: Sean Yuen
Chorsu Bazaar in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
9:01
ITF World Championships 2008 Tashkent Uzbekistan - Part 1
ITF World Championships 2008 Tashkent Uzbekistan Part 1...
published: 15 Dec 2008
Author: ITFHQ
ITF World Championships 2008 Tashkent Uzbekistan - Part 1
ITF World Championships 2008 Tashkent Uzbekistan Part 1
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AP / Efrem Lukatsky
Photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
02 Oct 2012
Tweet Washington, Oct 2 (ANI): With the surge of American troops over and the Taliban still a potent threat, US military and diplomatic officials in Afghanistan are now abandoning their once ambitious...
Photo: US Navy / Chief Mass Communication Specialist Michael B. Watkins
30 Sep 2012
KABUL, Afghanistan -- U.S. military deaths in the Afghan war have reached 2,000, a cold reminder of the human cost of an 11-year-old conflict that garners little public interest at home as the United...
Photo: AP / Vincent Yu
02 Oct 2012
HONG KONG â A boat packed with revelers on a long holiday weekend collided with a ferry and sank off Hong Kong, killing at least 36 people and injuring dozens in the deadliest accident to strike the...
Photo: UN / J Carrier
02 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling In banning several Iranian government officials from attending President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's speech at the United Nations, the United States could...
Photo: DOD / Public Domain
23 Sep 2012
The United States and NATO want to open or expand routes through Central Asia to deliver supplies to a military mission in Afghanistan expected to grow by tens of thousands of troops, The New York...
Novosti
TASHKENT, October 2 (RIA Novosti) – The government of Uzbekistan and Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) intend to sign a production-sharing agreement to jointly explore and develop uranium...(size: 1.4Kb)
Tribute to Lal Bahadur Shastri in Uzbekistan
02 Oct 2012
The Hindu
Former Prime Minister Late Lal Bahadur Shastri was remembered on his birth anniversary on Tuesday in Tashkent where he breathed his last on...(size: 0.9Kb)
noodls
Adelaide United FC's squad has arrived in Tashkent justifiably weary but in high spirits ahead of Wednesday night's do-or-die AFC Champions League Quarter Final 2nd Leg against Bunyodkor. After a smooth and uneventful trip that began in Adelaide at 9am on Sunday morning and included stops via Kuala...(size: 3.7Kb)
noodls
29.09.2012 President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov will pay an official visit to Turkmenistan on 1-2 October 2012 on invitation of his Turkmen counterpart Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. During the meetings and talks, the heads of...(size: 1.5Kb)
Adelaide United to travel 11,100km to take on Uzbekistan's Bunyodkor in Asian Champions League quarter-final
29 Sep 2012
The Daily Telegraph Australia
ADELAIDE United will today get on board for world football's longest intercontinental road trip. Heading to Tashkent a day later than the 2008 trip when the Reds faced Bunydokor in the second leg of the AFC Champions League semi final, however, is fraught with danger. Adelaide has already...(size: 2.8Kb)
noodls
28.09.2012 A special attention in Uzbekistan is paid to the development of sports, in particular, to further promotion of football - million's games and strengthening material-technical base of football schools. Presidential resolution on "Additional Measures to Bolster the Economic and...(size: 2.7Kb)
Uzbekistan to Join Free Trade Zone by Yearend
28 Sep 2012
Novosti
YALTA, September 28 (RIA Novosti) - Uzbekistan will join a CIS free trade zone by the end of this year, CIS steering committee head Sergei Lebedev said on Friday at a CIS...(size: 1.1Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
JON McKain is firming as the likely replacement for suspended defender Nigel Boogaard in Adelaide United's do-or-die Asian Champions League clash after successfully completing training yesterday. McKain, who missed the opening home leg of the Reds' quarter-final against Bunyodkor with a knee...(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
Speaker Kang Chang-hee received President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov in the National Assembly on September 21, 2012 to share opinions about inter-parliamentary exchanges and other issues, according to National Assembly Spokesman Bae Seong-rye. In his welcoming remark, Speaker Kang said, "It...(size: 3.5Kb)
Sustainers use interrogator to track cargo at Afghanistan-Uzbekistan border (The United States Army)
28 Sep 2012
noodls
Afghanistan - With the drawdown of U.S. forces already in full swing, the importance of cargo movement throughout Afghanistan is at an all time high. Units redeploying to the U.S. must be able to track their cargo, whether it's in or out of country. At the Uzbekistan- Afghanistan border, one...(size: 5.2Kb)
"Shash" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Shash, Iran.
| Tashkent Uzbek: Toshkent, Тошкент Russian: Ташкент Toshqand, Toshkand |
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|---|---|---|---|
 |
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 Tashkent
|
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| Coordinates: 41°16′N 69°13′E / 41.267°N 69.217°E / 41.267; 69.217 | |||
| Country |  Uzbekistan |
||
| Province | Tashkent Province | ||
| Settled | 5th to 3rd centuries BC | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Rakhmonbek Usmonov | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 334.8 km2 (129.3 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2008) | |||
| • Total | 2,200,000 | ||
| • Density | 6,600/km2 (17,000/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | (UTC+5) | ||
| Website | http://tashkent.uz/ | ||
Tashkent (/ˌtæʃˈkɛnt/; Uzbek: Toshkent, Тошкент; Russian: Ташкент, [tɐʂˈkʲent]; literally "Stone City") is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was about 2.2 million.[1] Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.[2]
Contents |
History[link]
During its long history, Tashkent has had various changes in names and political and religious affiliations.
Early history[link]
Tashkent started as an oasis on the Chirchik River, near the foothills of the West Tian Shan Mountains. In ancient times, this area contained Beitian, probably the summer "capital" of the Kangju confederacy.[3]
History as Chach[link]
In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times the town and the province were known as "Chach". The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi also refers to the city as Chach. Later the town came to be known as Chachkand/Chashkand, meaning "Chach City".[citation needed] The principality of Chach, whose main town had a square citadel built around the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Syr Darya River. By the 7th century AD, Chach had over 30 towns and a network of over 50 canals, forming a trade center between the Sogdians and Turkic nomads. The Buddhist monk Xuánzàng 玄奘 (602/603? – 664 CE), who travelled from China to India through Central Asia, mentioned the name of the city as Zhěshí 赭時. The Chinese chronicles Suí shū 隋書 (Book of Suí), Běi shǐ 北史 (History of Northern Dynasties) and Táng shū 唐書 (Book of Táng) mention a possession called Shí 石 or Zhěshí 赭時 with a capital of the same name since the fifth century AD [Bichurin, 1950. v. II]. The region came under the sway of Islam in the early parts of the 8th century.
Islamic history[link]
In the mid-seventh century, the Sassanian Persian empire fell to an Arab-lead Islamic conquest. Under the Samanid dynasty (819–999), whose founder Saman Khuda of an Zoroastrian Sassanian Persian had converted to Islam, the city came to be known as Binkath. However, the Arabs retained the old name of Chach for the surrounding region, pronouncing it al-Shash instead. The modern Turkic name of Tashkent (City of Stone) comes from Kara-Khanid rule in the 10th century. (Tash in Turkic languages means stone. Kand, qand, kent, kad, kath, kud—all meaning a city—are derived from the Persian/Sogdian کنده kanda, meaning a town or a city. They are found in city names like Samarkand, Yarkand, Penjikent, Khujand etc.). After the 16th century, the name was steadily changed slightly from Chachkand/Chashkand to Tashkand, which, as "stone city", was more meaningful to the new inhabitants than the old name[citation needed]. The modern spelling of Tashkent reflects Russian orthography.
Mongol conquest and aftermath[link]
The city was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1219, although the great conqueror had found that the Khorezmshah had already sacked the city in 1214. Under the Timurids and subsequent Shaybanid dynasties the city revived, despite occasional attacks by the Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Persians, Mongols, Oirats and Kalmyks.
Kokand khanate[link]
In 1809, Tashkent was annexed to the Khanate of Kokand. At the time, Tashkent had a population of around 100,000 and was considered the richest city in Central Asia. It prospered greatly through trade with Russia, but chafed under Kokand’s high taxes. The Tashkent clergy also favored the clergy of Bukhara over that of Kokand. However, before the Emir of Bukhara could capitalize on this discontent, the Russian army arrived.
Tsarist period[link]
In May, 1865, Mikhail Grigorevich Chernyayev (Cherniaev), acting against the direct orders of the tsar, and outnumbered at least 15-1 staged a daring night attack against a city with a wall 25 kilometres (16 mi) long with 11 gates and 30,000 defenders. While a small contingent staged a diversionary attack, the main force penetrated the walls, led by a Russian Orthodox priest armed only with a crucifix. Although defense was stiff, the Russians captured the city after two days of heavy fighting and the loss of only 25 dead as opposed to several thousand of the defenders (including Alimqul, the ruler of the Kokand Khanate). Chernyayev, dubbed the "Lion of Tashkent" by city elders, staged a "hearts-and-minds" campaign to win the population over. He abolished taxes for a year, rode unarmed through the streets and bazaars meeting common people, and appointed himself "Military Governor of Tashkent", recommending to Tsar Alexander II that the city be made an independent khanate under Russian protection.
The Tsar liberally rewarded Chernyayev and his men with medals and bonuses, but regarded the impulsive general as a "loose cannon", and soon replaced him with General Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman. Far from being granted independence, Tashkent became the capital of the new territory of Russian Turkistan, with Kaufman as first Governor-General. A cantonment and Russian settlement were built across the Ankhor Canal from the old city, and Russian settlers and merchants poured in. Tashkent was a center of espionage in the Great Game rivalry between Russia and the United Kingdom over Central Asia. The Turkestan Military District was established as part of the military reforms of 1874. The Trans-Caspian Railway arrived in 1889, and the railway workers who built it settled in Tashkent as well, bringing with them the seeds of Bolshevik Revolution.
Impact of the Russian revolution[link]
With the fall of the Russian Empire, the Russian Provisional Government removed all civil restrictions based on religion and nationality, contributing to local enthusiasm for the February Revolution. The Tashkent Soviet of Soldiers' and Workers' Deputies was soon set up, but primarily represented Russian residents, who made up about a fifth of the Tashkent population. Muslim leaders quickly set up the Tashkent Muslim Council (Tashkand Shura-yi-Islamiya) based in the old city. On 10 March 1917, there was a parade with Russian workers marching with red flags, Russian soldiers singing the La Marseillaise and thousands of local Central Asians. Following various speeches, Governor-General Aleksey Kuropatkin closed the vents with words "Long Live a great free Russia".[4] The First Turkestan Muslim Conference in Tashkent 16–20 April 1917. Like the Muslim Council this was dominated by the Jadid, Muslim reformers. However, a more conservative faction emerged in Tashkent centered around the Ulema. This faction proved more successful during the local elections of July 1917. They formed an alliance with Russian conservatives, while the Soviet became more radical. The Soviet attempt to seize power in September 1917 proved unsuccessful.[5]
In April 1918, Tashkent became the capital of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkestan ASSR). The new regime was threatened by White forces, basmachi, revolts from within, and purges ordered from Moscow. Tashkent fell within the borders of the Uzbek SSR, and became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1930, displacing Samarkand.
Soviet period[link]
The city began to industrialize in the 1920s and 1930s, but industry increased tremendously during World War II, with the relocation of factories from western Russia to preserve the Soviet industrial capacity from the invading Nazis. The Russian population increased dramatically as well, with evacuees from the war zones increasing the population to well over a million. The Russians and Ukrainians would eventually comprise more than half of the total residents of Tashkent.[6]
On 26 April 1966, Tashkent was destroyed by a huge earthquake (7.5 on the Richter scale) and over 300,000 were left homeless. Some 78,000 poorly engineered homes were destroyed[7] mainly in the densely packed areas of the old city where traditional adobe housing predominated.[8] The Soviet republics and some other countries such as Finland sent "battalions of fraternal peoples” and urban planners to help rebuild devastated Tashkent. They created a “model Soviet city” of wide shady streets, parks, immense plazas for military parades, fountains, monuments, and acres of apartment blocks. About 100,000 new homes were built by 1970,[7] many of which were filled with the families of the builders. Further development in the following years increased the size of the city with major new developments in the Chilonzar area, north-east and south-east of the city.[7]
At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Tashkent was the fourth largest city in the country and a center of learning in the science and engineering fields.
With the 1966 earthquake and the Soviet redevelopment afterward, very little is left of Tashkent's ancient history, including its significance as a trading point on the historic Silk Road.
Capital of Uzbekistan[link]
At the moment, Tashkent is the most cosmopolitan city in Uzbekistan. The city is noted for its tree lined streets, numerous fountains, and pleasant parks.
Since 1991, the city has changed economically, culturally, and architecturally. The largest statue ever erected for Lenin was replaced with a globe, complete with a geographic map of Uzbekistan over it. Buildings from the Soviet era have been replaced with new, modern buildings. One example is the "Downtown Tashkent" district which includes the 22-story NBU Bank building, the Intercontinental Hotel, the International Business Center, and the Plaza Building.
In 2007, Tashkent was named the cultural capital of the Islamic world as the city is home to numerous historic mosques and Islamic locations of interest.[9] Tashkent also houses the earliest written Qur'an which has been in Tashkent since 1924.[10]
- Development of Tashkent
-
c1865
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1913
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1940
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1965
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1966 Earthquake and subsequent redevelopment
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1981
-
2000
Geography and climate[link]
| Tashkent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Geography[link]
Tashkent 41°18′N 69°16′E / 41.3°N 69.267°E / 41.3; 69.267 is situated in a well-watered plain to the west of the last Altai mountains[citation needed] on the road between Shymkent and Samarkand. Tashkent sits at the confluence of the Chirchik river and several of its tributaries and is built on deep alluvial deposits up to 15 metres (49 ft). The city is located in a lively tectonic area suffering large numbers of tremors and some earthquakes. One earthquake in 1966 measured 7.5 on the Richter scale. The local time in Tashkent is UTC/GMT +5 hours.
Climate[link]
Tashkent has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa)[12] with long, hot and dry summers from May to September and short but cold winters from December to February. The climate has continental influences, and features two peaks of precipitation in the early winter and spring. The slightly unusual precipitation pattern is partially due to the 500 m (roughly 1600 feet) altitude that the city features. The temperatures in Tashkent can be extremely hot during July and August. Most precipitation occurs in the months of winter and spring, while the period between July and September is dry.[13][14]
| Climate data for Tashkent | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
14.3 (57.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
35.7 (96.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
21.04 (69.88) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
8.34 (47.02) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 54.5 (2.146) |
46.8 (1.843) |
72.3 (2.846) |
63.6 (2.504) |
32.0 (1.26) |
7.1 (0.28) |
3.5 (0.138) |
2.0 (0.079) |
4.5 (0.177) |
34.1 (1.343) |
45.0 (1.772) |
53.4 (2.102) |
418.8 (16.488) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 13.7 | 12.3 | 13.8 | 12.9 | 10.2 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 10.2 | 12.8 | 107.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 124.0 | 112.0 | 155.0 | 240.0 | 310.0 | 360.0 | 403.0 | 372.0 | 300.0 | 248.0 | 150.0 | 124.0 | 2,898 |
| Source no. 1: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: Hong Kong Observatory[15] | |||||||||||||
Districts[link]
.jpg)
Tashkent is currently divided into the following districts (Uzbek tuman):
| Nr | District | Population (2009)[16] |
Area (km²)[16] |
Density (area/km²)[16] |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bektemir | 27,500 | 20.5 | 1,341 |  |
| 2 | Chilanzar | 217,000 | 30.0 | 7,233 |  |
| 3 | Hamza | 204,800 | 33.7 | 6,077 |  |
| 4 | Mirobod | 122,700 | 17.1 | 7,175 |  |
| 5 | Mirzo Ulugbek | 245,200 | 31.9 | 7,687 |  |
| 6 | Sergeli | 149,000 | 56.0 | 2,661 |  |
| 7 | Shaykhontohur | 285,800 | 27.2 | 10,507 |  |
| 8 | Olmazar | 305,400 | 34.5 | 8,852 |  |
| 9 | Uchtepa | 237,000 | 28.2 | 8,404 |  |
| 10 | Yakkasaray | 115,200 | 14.6 | 7,890 |  |
| 11 | Yunusabad | 296,700 | 41.1 | 7,219 |  |
At the time of the Tsarist take over it had four districts (Uzbek daha):
- Beshyoghoch
- Kukcha
- Shaykhontokhur
- Sebzor
In 1940 it had the following districts (Russian район):
By 1981 they were reorganized into:[7]
- Bektemir
- Akmal-Ikramov (Uchtepa)
- Khamza (Hamza)
- Lenin (Mirobod)
- Kuybishev (Mirzo Ulugbek)
- Sergeli
- Oktober (Shaykhontokhur)
- Sobir Rakhimov (Olmazar)
- Chilanzar
- Frunze (Yakkasaray)
- Kirov (Yunusabad)
Main sights[link]
Due to the destruction of most of the ancient city during the 1917 revolution and, later, to the 1966 earthquake, little remains of Tashkent's traditional architectural heritage. Tashkent is, however, rich in museums and Soviet-era monuments. They include:
- Kukeldash Madrasah. Dating back to the reign of Abdullah Khan II (1557–1598) it is currently being restored by the provincial Religious Board of Mawarannahr Moslems. There is talk of making it into a museum, but it is currently being used as a mosque.
- Chorsu Bazaar, located near the Kukeldash Madrassa. This huge open air bazaar is the center of the old town of Tashkent. Everything imaginable is for sale.
- Telyashayakh Mosque (Khast Imam Mosque). It Contains the Uthman Qur'an, considered to be the oldest extant Qur'an in the world. Dating from 655 and stained with the blood of murdered caliph, Uthman, it was brought by Timur to Samarkand, seized by the Russians as a war trophy and taken to Saint Petersburg. It was returned to Uzbekistan in 1924.[17]
- Yunus Khan Mausoleum. It is a group of three 15th century mausoleums, restored in the 19th century. The biggest is the grave of Yunus Khan, grandfather of Mughal Empire founder Babur.
- Palace of Prince Romanov. During the 19th century Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich, a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia was banished to Tashkent for some shady deals involving the Russian Crown Jewels. His palace still survives in the centre of the city. Once a museum, it has been appropriated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre, built by the same architect who designed Lenin's Tomb in Moscow, Aleksey Shchusev, with Japanese prisoner of war labor in World War II. It hosts Russian ballet and opera.
- Fine Arts Museum of Uzbekistan. It contains a major collection of art from the pre-Russian period, including Sogdian murals, Buddhist statues and Zoroastrian art, along with a more modern collection of 19th and 20th century applied art, such as suzani embroidered hangings. Of more interest is the large collection of paintings "borrowed" from the Hermitage by Grand Duke Romanov to decorate his palace in exile in Tashkent, and never returned. Behind the museum is a small park, containing the neglected graves of the Bolsheviks who died in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and to Ossipov's treachery in 1919, along with first Uzbekistani President Yuldosh Akhunbabayev.
- Museum of Applied Arts. Housed in a traditional house originally commissioned for a wealthy tsarist diplomat, the house itself is the main attraction, rather than its collection of 19th and 20th century applied arts.
- History Museumm the largest museum in the city. It is housed in the ex-Lenin Museum.
- Amir Timur Museum, housed in a building with brilliant blue dome and ornate interior. It houses exhibits of Timur and of President Islam Karimov. The gardens outside contain a statue of Timur on horseback, surrounded by some of the nicest gardens and fountains in the city.
- Navoi Literary Museum, commemorating Uzbekistan's adopted literary hero, Alisher Navoi, with replica manuscripts, Persian calligraphy and 15th century miniature paintings.
Russian Orthodox church in Amir Temur Square, built in 1898, was demolished in 2009, along with Soviet-time World War II memorial park and Defender of Motherland monument.[18][19][20]
City built environment[link]
- The one of only two metro systems in Central Asia. (Almaty's is the other one.)
- The largest city square (Independence Square) in the former Soviet Union, which once held the tallest statue of Lenin (30 meters tall) in the Soviet Union. Lenin was replaced in 1992 by a globe showing a map of Uzbekistan.
- Government, trade union and private medical and dental facilities.
- Offices of several American and European consulting firms like Ernst & Young Ltd, Deloitte & Touche, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Gravamen Fidelis and Fides LLP.[21]
Education[link]
- Several universities and institutions of higher learning:
- Tashkent Automobile & Road Construction institute[22]
- Tashkent State Technical University
- Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction[23]
- International Business School "Kelajak Ilmi"[24]
- Tashkent University of Information Technologies[25]
- Westminster International University in Tashkent[26]
- National University of Uzbekistan[27]
- University of World Economy and Diplomacy
- Tashkent State Economic University
- Tashkent State Institute of Law
- Tashkent Institute of Finance
- State University of Foreign Languages
- Conservatory of Music
- Tashkent State Medicine Academy
- Institute of Oriental Studies.
- Tashkent Islamic University[28]
- Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent[29]
- Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry[30]
- Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers[31]
Media[link]
- 9 Uzbek language newspapers, 4 in English and 9 publications in Russian
- Several television and cable television facilities, including Tashkent Tower, the tallest structure in Central Asia
Transportation[link]
- Metro system
- Tashkent International Airport is the largest in the country, connecting the city to Asia, Europe, and North American continents.
- Tashkent–Samarkand high-speed rail line
- Trolleybus system was closed down in 2010.
Sport[link]
Tashkent's most prominent football clubs are Pakhtakor Tashkent, and FC Bunyodkor, both of which compete in the Uzbek League.
Cyclist Djamolidine Abdoujaparov and footballer Vassilis Hatzipanagis were born in the city. Tennis player Denis Istomin was born and lives in the city.
Gymnast Alina Kabayeva was also born in Tashkent, as were tennis players Akgul Amanmuradova and Iroda Tulyaganova.
Footballer Peter Odemwingie was born in Tashkent but plays for the Nigeria national football team.
Former world champion and Olympic bronze medalist sprint canoer in the K-1 500 m event Michael Kolganov was also born in Tashkent.[32]
Twin towns – sister cities[link]
Tashkent is twinned with:
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Official website portal of Tashkent City
- ^ Uzbektourism.uz
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 1963. "The consonantal system of Old Chinese." Asia Major 9 (1963), p. 94.
- ^ Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent by Jeff Sahadeo, Indiana University Press, 2007, p188
- ^ The Russian Revolution, 1917 by Rex A. Wade, Cambridge University Press, 2005
- ^ Central Asia, 130 years of Russian dominance: a historical overview. Edward Allworth (1994). Duke University Press. p.102. ISBN 0-8223-1521-1
- ^ a b c d Sadikov, A C; Akramob Z. M., Bazarbaev, A., Mirzlaev T.M., Adilov S. R., Baimukhamedov X. N., et al. (in Russian) (72 × 112). Geographical Atlas of Tashkent (Ташкент Географический Атлас) (2 ed.). Moscow. p. 64.
- ^ Nurtaev Bakhtiar (1998). "Damage for buildings of different type.". Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/hara/uzbekistan/DamageForBuildings.htm. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
- ^ "Moscow News – World – Tashkent Touts Islamic University". Mnweekly.ru. 21 June 2007. http://mnweekly.ru/world/20070524/55252222.html. Retrieved 6 May 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Tashkent's hidden Islamic relic". BBC. 5 January 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4581684.stm. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ a b "World Weather Information Service – Tashkent". World Meteorological Organisation. http://worldweather.wmo.int/032/c00115.htm. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
- ^ Updated Asian map of the Köppen climate classification system
- ^ Tashkent Travel. "Tashkent weather forecast". Tashkent, Uzbekistan. http://www.tashkent-travel.com/weather. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ Happy-Tellus.com. "Tashkent, Uzbekistan travel information". Helsinki, Finland: Infocenter International Ltd.. http://www.happytellus.com/tashkent/uzbekistan. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Tashkent". Hong Kong Observatory. August 2010. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/westasia/tashkent_e.htm. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
- ^ a b c (Russian) Statistics of the subdivisions of Tashkent
- ^ MacWilliams, Ian (5 January 2006). "Tashkent's hidden Islamic relic". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4581684.stm. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
- ^ uznews.net, Tashkent's central park is history, 25 November 2009
- ^ Army memorial dismantled in Tashkent, 24 November 2009
- ^ Ferghana.ru, МИД России указал послу Узбекистана на обеспокоенность «Наших», 16 January 2010 (Russian)
- ^ GFF.uz
- ^ TAYI.uz
- ^ TASI.uzsci.net
- ^ IBS.uz
- ^ TUIT.uz
- ^ WIUT.uz
- ^ NUU.uz
- ^ TIU.uz
- ^ MDIS.uz
- ^ TITLI.uz
- ^ Tashiit.uz
- ^ Sports-reference.com
Further reading[link]
- Stronski, Paul, Tashkent: Forging a Soviet City, 1930–1966 (Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010).
- Jeff Sahadeo, Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent, 1865–1923 (Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2010).
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tashkent |
- Tashkent travel guide from Wikitravel
- Photos of historical monuments and modern buildings in Tashkent
- Recent photos of Tashkent with comments in English
- Disability Information Resource Centre in Tashkent
- Tashkent Directory
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Coordinates: 41°16′N 69°13′E / 41.267°N 69.217°E / 41.267; 69.217vep:Taškent
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Coordinates: 39°39′15″N 66°57′35″E / 39.65417°N 66.95972°E / 39.65417; 66.95972
| سمرقند Samarkand Samarqand / Самарқанд |
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|---|---|---|---|
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سمرقند Samarkand
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| Coordinates: 39°39′15″N 66°57′35″E / 39.65417°N 66.95972°E / 39.65417; 66.95972 | |||
| Country |  Uzbekistan |
||
| Province | Samarqand Province | ||
| Elevation | 702 m (2,303 ft) | ||
| Population (2008) | |||
| • City | 596,300 | ||
| • Urban | 643,970 | ||
| • Metro | 708,000 | ||
Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд; Persian: سمرقند; Uzbek: Samarqand; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city.
In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The city was known by an abbreviated name of Marakanda when Alexander the Great took it in 332BC. There are various theories of how Marakanda evolved into Samarkanda/Samarkan. One derives the name from the Old Persian asmara, "stone", "rock", and Sogdian kand, "fort", "town".[1] Others less convincingly derive the name from the old Turkic "Semiz-Kent" meaning "Rich City".[citation needed]. Since the name Marakanda was already in existence 2300 years ago and long before anyone had heard of Turks in that region of Transoxiana, this version is likely a folk etymology.
Population[link]
The population of Samarkand grew from 134,346 in 1939[2] to 384,000 in 2005. Around 10 percent of Samarkand population is Tajik and speak Persian.[citation needed]
History[link]
Along with Bukhara,[3] Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road). At times Samarkand has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.
Early history[link]
Founded circa 700 BC by the Sogdians, Samarkand has been one of the main centres of Persian civilization from its early days. It was already the capital of the Sogdian satrapy under the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia when Alexander the Great conquered it in 329 BC. The Greeks referred to Samarkand as Maracanda.[4]
| Samarkand – Crossroads of Culture * | |
|---|---|
 Bibi-Khanym Mausoleum |
|
| Country | Uzbekistan |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iv |
| Reference | 603 |
| Region ** | Asia-Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2001 (25th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO |
|
Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest (except at the time of early Sassanids, such as Shapur I).[5] In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.[6]
At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came under Arab control. Under Abbasid rule, the legend goes,[7] the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas in 751, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand. The invention then spread to the rest of the Islamic world, and from there to Europe.
From the 6th to the 13th century it grew larger and more populous than modern Samarkand[citation needed] and was controlled by the Western Turks, Arabs (who converted the area to Islam), Persian Samanids, Kara-Khanid Turks, Seljuk Turks, Kara-Khitan, and Khorezmshah before the Mongols arrived in 1220.
Although Genghis Khan "did not disturb the inhabitants [of the city] in any way," according to Juvaini he killed all who took refuge in the citadel and the mosque. He also pillaged the city completely and conscripted 30,000 young men along with 30,000 craftsmen. Samarkand suffered at least one other Mongol sack by Khan Baraq to get treasure he needed to pay an army. The town took many decades to recover from these disasters.
The Travels of Marco Polo, where Polo records his journey along the Silk Road, describes Samarkand as a "a very large and splendid city..." Here also is related the story of a Christian church in Samarkand, which miraculously remained standing after a portion of its central supporting column was removed.
14th century[link]
In 1365, a revolt against Mongol control occurred in Samarkand.[8]
In 1370, Timur the Lame decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire, which extended from India to Turkey. During the next 35 years he built a new city and populated it with artisans and craftsmen from all of the places he had conquered. Timur gained a reputation as a patron of the arts and Samarkand grew to become the centre of the region of Transoxiana. During this time the city had a population of about 150,000.[9]
15th century[link]
Between 1424 and 1429, the great astronomer Ulugh Beg built the Samarkand Observatory. The sextant was 11 metres long and once rose to the top of the surrounding three-storey structure, although it was kept underground to protect it from earthquakes. Calibrated along its length, it was the world’s largest 90-degree quadrant at the time.[10] However, the observatory was destroyed by religious fanatics in 1449.[10]
Modern history[link]
See also: Russian Turkestan
 |
This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (November 2011) |
In 1500 the Uzbek nomadic warriors took control of Samarkand.[9] The Shaybanids emerged as the Uzbek leaders at or about this time.
In the second quarter of 16th century, the Shaybanids moved their capital to Bukhara and Samarkand went into decline. After an assault by the Persian king, Nadir Shah, the city was abandoned in the 18th century, about 1720 or a few years later.[11]
From 1599 to 1756, Samarkand was ruled by the Ashtarkhanid dynasty of Bukhara.
From 1756 to 1868, Samarkand was ruled by the Manghyt emirs of Bukhara.[2]
The city came under Russian rule after the citadel had been taken by a force under Colonel Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman in 1868. Shortly thereafter the small Russian garrison of 500 men were themselves besieged. The assault, which was led by Abdul Malik Tura, the rebellious elder son of the Bukharan Emir, and Bek of Shahrisabz, was beaten off with heavy losses. Alexander Abramov, became the first Governor of the Military Okrug which the Russians established along the course of the Zeravshan River, with Samarkand as the administrative centre. The Russian section of the city was built after this point, largely to the west of the old city.
In 1886 the city became the capital of the newly formed Samarkand Oblast of Russian Turkestan and grew in importance still further when the Trans-Caspian railway reached the city in 1888. It became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1925 before being replaced by Tashkent in 1930.
Main sights[link]
- The Registan, one of the most relevant examples of Islamic architecture. It consists of three separate buildings:
- Madrasa of Ulugh Beg (1417–1420)
- Sher-Dor Madrasah (Lions Gate) (1619–1635/36).
- Tilya-Kori Madrasah (1647–1659/60).
- Bibi-Khanym Mosque (replica)
- Gur-e Amir Mausoleum (1404)
- Observatory of Ulugh Beg (1428–1429)
- Shah-i-Zinda necropolis
- Historical site of Afrasiyab (13th–7th centuries BC)
Climate[link]
Samarkand features a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot, dry summers and relatively wet, cool winters. July and August are the hottest months of the year with temperatures reaching, and exceeding, 40 °C (104 °F). Most of the sparse precipitation is received from December through April.[12]
| Climate data for Samarkand | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.2 (90.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
3.3 (37.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 44 (1.73) |
39 (1.54) |
71 (2.8) |
63 (2.48) |
33 (1.3) |
4 (0.16) |
4 (0.16) |
0 (0) |
4 (0.16) |
24 (0.94) |
28 (1.1) |
41 (1.61) |
355 (13.98) |
| Source: Hong Kong Observatory[13] | |||||||||||||
Notable people[link]
- Amoghavajra, 8th century Buddhist monk, translator of Vajrayana scripture, figure in the Tang court, remembered as one of the three founders of Chinese esoteric Buddhism.
- Abu Mansur Maturidi, Sunni theologist of the 10th century
- Omar Khayyám, poet and mathmatician of the 11th century
- Nizami Aruzi Samarqandi, poet and writer of the 12th century
- Suzani Samarqandi, poet of the 12th century
- Najib ad-Din-e-Samarqandi, scholar of the 13th century
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī, astronomer and mathmatician of the 15th century
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī, scholar
- Nawab Khwaja Abid Siddiqi and Nawab Qaziuddin Siddiqi, grandfather and father of Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi Asaf Jah I whose dynasty ruled Hyderabad Deccan for seven generations from 1724 to 1951
- Islam Karimov, 1st President of Uzbekistan.
Also said to be the place of death of Muhammad b. Isma'il al-Bukhari, one of the six prominent collectors of hadith of Sunni Islam. See Sahih Bukhari
Popular culture[link]
Fiction[link]
- Chapters 37 and 38 of Jin Yong's Wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes briefly portray the Mongolian siege of Samarkand in March 1220.
- Samarkand is the title of a 1988 novel by Amin Maalouf, about Omar Khayyám's life.
- The Amulet of Samarkand is the first book in the Bartimaeus Trilogy written by Jonathan Stroud.
- The Road to Samarcand is one of Patrick O'Brian's early novels (1954) about an American teenage boy, the son of recently deceased missionary parents, who travels from China with a small party on the Silk Road en route to the West.
- In Corto Maltese graphical novels by Hugo Pratt one episode is titled "The Golden House of Samarkand"
- The fictional city of Zanarkand in the Final Fantasy series, used Samarkand as inspiration.[14]
- Samarkand is the name of a continent in the Fable fictional universe, though it is more based on Africa and the Orient than Central Asia.
- For part of the history espoused in Clive Barker's novel Galilee, the city of Samarkand is held as a shining light of humanity, and one of the characters longs to go there.[15]
- 'Trębacz z Samarkandy' (The Trumpeter of Samarkand) a short story by Ksawery Pruszyński set during the Second World War, inspired by a Polish legend.
- In The Venetian Betrayal, Samarkand was the world's most powerful city and the "cradle of civilization".
- The objective of the fourth mission in the Ghengis Khan campaign of the video game Age of Empires 2 is to destroy the city of Samarkand.
- Lord of Samarcand is a work of historical fiction by Robert E. Howard.
- An ice-world in Gridlinked, part of Neal Asher's Polity Universe.
- The location of the rose of the DeVirga World Map on the 39 clues.
Poetry, drama and film[link]
- Samarkand can appear as an archetype of romantic exoticism, notably in the work by James Elroy Flecker: The Golden Journey to Samarkand (1913).
- In Islamic literature and discussions, Samarkand has taken on a semi-mythological status and is often cited as an ideal of Islamic philosophy and society, a place of justice, fairness, and righteous moderation.
- Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka, winner of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, explores the metaphysical significance of the marketplace in a volume of poetry entitled Samarkand and Other Markets I Have Known, 2002.
- Samarkand has a large featuring in the originally Russian film Day Watch, originally written by Sergei Lukyanenko as part of a Trilogy. Samarkand is the place where the fictional battle for the "Chalk of fate" takes place.
- The American musical Once Upon a Mattress features a character known as the Nightingale of Samarkand. The bird supposedly sings people to sleep.
Non-fiction[link]
- Ibn Battuta, the Muslim 14th century traveler, spent time in Samarkand in the 1330s
- Murder in Samarkand by Craig Murray is a book about the UK Ambassador to Uzbekistan's experiences in this role, until he resigned over human rights abuses in the country in October 2004.
- In her 2010 memoir The Possessed: Adventures with Russian Books and the People Who Read Them[16] Elif Batuman writes three chapters about her experiences studying the Uzbek language as a graduate exchange student in Samarkand.
Music[link]
- In 1972, Swedish composer Thorstein Bergman wrote "Om du någonsin kommer fram till Samarkand" ("If you ever reach Samarkand") made notable by Swedish singer Lill Lindfors in 1978.
- In 1977, the Italian singer and composer Roberto Vecchioni issued an LP titled Samarcanda.
- In 2004, violinist Lucia Micarelli released the album Music from a Farther Room, which includes the song "Samarkand".
- In 2008, the Norwegian singer and musician Odd Nordstoga released the album Pilegrim, which includes the song "I byen Samarkand" ("In the city of Samarkhand").
- In 2011, the Australian/British string quartet BOND released the album Play featuring the recording "Road to Samarkand".
- The Uzbek group Yalla made a song in Russian called "The Blue Domes of Samarkand".
In 2012, the Swedish singer Thåström released the album "Beväpna dig met vingar" which includes a song called "Samarkanda".
Sister cities[link]
Boonton, USA
Nishapur, Iran- Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Balkh, Afghanistan
Merv, Turkmenistan
Cuzco, Peru
Lahore, Pakistan
Lviv, Ukraine
Kairouan, Tunisia
Eskişehir, Turkey- Istanbul, Turkey
- İzmir, Turkey
Khujand, Tajikistan
Banda Aceh, Indonesia
See also[link]
- Samarkand Airport
- Semerkand a monthly religious magazine published in Turkey, named after this city because Samarkand has long been a major centre for Islamic scholars.
References[link]
- ^ Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites (2nd edition ed.). London: McFarland. pp. 330. ISBN 0-7864-2248-3. "Samarkand City, southeastern Uzbekistan. The city derives its name from that of the former Greek city here of Marakanda, captured by Alexander the Great in 329 B.C.. Its own name derives from the Old Persian asmara, "stone", "rock", and Sogdian kand, "fort", "town"."
- ^ a b Columbia-Lippincott Gazeteer. p. 1657
- ^ Vladimir Babak, Demian Vaisman, Aryeh Wasserman, Political organization in Central Asia and Azerbaijan: sources and documents, p.374
- ^ Columbia-Lippincott Gazeteer (New York: Comubia University Press, 1972 reprint) p. 1657
- ^ Guitty Azarpay (1980), Sogdian painting: the pictorial epic in Oriental art, Berkeley : University of California Press, page 16.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984) Vol. 16, p. 204
- ^ Quraishi, Silim "A survey of the development of papermaking in Islamic Countries", Bookbinder, 1989 (3): 29–36.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th Ed., p. 204
- ^ a b Columbia-Lippincott Gazeteer, p. 1657
- ^ a b "Samarqand". Raw W Travels. http://www.rayw20.co.uk/SAMARQAND.htm. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- ^ Britannica. 15th Ed., p. 204
- ^ Samarkand.info. "Weather in Samarkand". Samarkand, Uzbekistan. http://www.samarkand.info/html/weather.html. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Samarkand". http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/westasia/samarkand_e.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ (2001) in Studio BentStuff: Final Fantasy X Ultimania Ω (in Japanese). DigiCube/Square Enix, 476. ISBN 4-88787-021-3.
- ^ Clive Barker, Galilee ISBN 0-00-617805-7rm
- ^ Batuman, Elif. "The Possessed: Adventures with Russian Books and the People who Read Them" Farrar, Straus and Giroux Paperbacks, February 2010. ISBN 978-0-374-53218-5.
Bibliography[link]
- Alexander Morrison, Russian Rule in Samarkand 1868-1910: A Comparison with British India (Oxford, OUP, 2008) (Oxford Historical Monographs).
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Samarkand |
- Samarkand – Silk Road Seattle Project, University of Washington
- The history of Samarkand, according to Columbia University's Encyclopædia Iranica
| Preceded by Tabriz |
Capital of Iran 1353–1375 |
Succeeded by Tabriz |
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| Andijan / Andizhan Andijon / Андижон |
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Andijan / Andizhan
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| Coordinates: 40°47′N 72°20′E / 40.783°N 72.333°E / 40.783; 72.333Coordinates: 40°47′N 72°20′E / 40.783°N 72.333°E / 40.783; 72.333 | |
| Country | Uzbekistan |
| Province | Andijan Province |
| Population (1999) | |
| • Total | 323,900 |
Andijan or Andizhan (Uzbek: Andijon / Андижон; Russian: Андижан) is the fourth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and the capital of the Andijan Province. It is located in the east of the country, at 40°47′N 72°20′E / 40.783°N 72.333°E / 40.783; 72.333, in the Fergana Valley, near the border with Kyrgyzstan on the Andijan-Say River. It has a population of 323,900 (1999 census estimate).
Contents |
Name[link]
Arab geographers from the tenth century and later give the name as Andiyon, Andukan, Andugan, and Andigan. The etymology is unknown; the traditional explanation links it to the Turkic tribal name Andi.[1]
History[link]
The city of Andijan is located in the eastern point of the chain of the first settlements of the early civilizations of Fergana Valley. Study of the history of Andijan began nearly 100 years ago. At different times in the city was historical-ethnographic and archaeological excavations scientists A.k. Pisarčik, v.i. Kozenkova, b. Abdulgazieva, s. Jalilov and others. Detailed archaeological research of the city were carried out in 80-ies of the last century by the Institute of archaeology of the Academy of Sciences. Information about the structural and spatial location of Andijan, meet on a topographic map, 1893. At stake were the quarters, mosques, mausoleums, the streets of the city. Archaeologists researching historical locations such as Andijan, Čordona, Sarvontepa, Âkkatepa, Koštepa, Ark ichi, Shakhristan.
In subsequent years, in the process of archaeological research and excavations revealed findings related to VI-IV centuries BC found that cultural monuments associated with the ancient history of Andijan, are located in the South-Western or central part of the city-Sarvontepe and its environs. Approximately 4 metres deep was discovered archaeological complex 1 meter wide, built 2400-2600 years ago. According to excavations in 2007, the complex occupies an area of several hectares. Naturally, in the context of Central Asia will reclaim the farming population, lived and built large and small settlements close to the water. Andijan is no exception. According to the Academician A. R. Muhammadžanova, the origin of the term "Andijan" associated with water. In other words, the term Turkic-Mongol origin, had the meaning "settlement near the saya (water)".
In the first quarter of the 13th century, Andijan was the capital of Fergana region. Both Babur, Ark Andijan wrote on its largest was in Maveraunnahre following after Samarkand and cache. At that time in Andijan also operated his Mint.
Consequently, Andijan is located in one of the hotbeds of Central Asia, which appeared early farming, formed the first samples of urban culture. In this territory were the ruins of an early city Dalvarzina (IX-VII centuries BC) and the ancient city of Èjlatona (VI-III centuries BC). To its geopolitical location Andijan served as a bridge between Bactria, Sogdiana, Chach with China (East Turkestan).[2]
Andijan was an important stop on the Silk Road, lying roughly mid-way between Kashgar and Khodjend. Destroyed by Genghis Khan, it was rebuilt by his grandson Kaidu Khan in the late 13th century, and became the capital of Ferghana for the next three centuries. It is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (Babur), who founded the Mughal dynasty that ruled much of today's India, Pakistan, and South Asia, born in 1483.[3][4]
The city was the center and flashpoint of the Andijan Uprising of 1898, in which the followers of Sufi leader Madali Ishan attacked the Russian barracks in the city, killing 22 and injuring 16-20 more. In retaliation, 18 of the participants were hanged and 360 exiled.[5]
On December 12, 1902, much of the city was leveled by a severe earthquake, which destroyed up to 30,000 homes in the region, and killed as many as 4,500 residents.[6]
Andijan during and after Soviet rule[link]
During the Soviet Union, Andijan was separated from its historical hinterland when the present borders were created, dividing Ferghana Valley between three separate Soviet republics. Andijan itself became part of the Uzbek SSR. The borders did not make a great deal of difference during the Soviet period, as the entire region was developed to grow cash crops such as cotton and silk.
During World War II many Soviet citizens were evacuated to Andijan and the surrounding republics.
In the 1990s, though, the Andijan and the surrounding region became much more unstable. Poverty and an upsurge in Islamic fundamentalism produced tensions in the region. The town, and the region as a whole, suffered a severe economic decline following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Repeated border closures badly damaged the local economy, worsening the already widespread poverty of Andijan's inhabitants. Islamic fundamentalists established a presence in the city. In May 2003, a local man named Azizbek Karimov was arrested and accused of carrying out terrorist bombings on behalf of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. He was convicted and executed in April 2004.
May 2005 Massacre[link]
Main article: Andijan massacre
On May 13, 2005, Uzbekistan's military opened fire on a mass of people who were protesting against poor living conditions and corrupt government. Estimated casualties range from 187 to 5,000.[citation needed] The government of Uzbekistan first blamed the murders on terrorists, but after the requests for independent investigations by Western countries, the government acknowledged its fault. The number of killed people is disputed, as no independent investigations were allowed.[citation needed]
Economy[link]
Andijan is an industrial center in an irrigated area that produces fruits, wheat, cotton, Uzbek Ikat and silk.
Images from Andijan[link]
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Monument to Babur in Andijan, by sculptor Rashit Suleymanov (1984)
Notes[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Andijan |
- ^ E.M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow, 1998), p. 36.
- ^ http://www.bakutoday.net/in-uzbekistan-decided-to-celebrate-the-2500-year-anniversary-of-andijan.html
- ^ Wheeler M. (ed. & trans.) The Babur-nama
- ^ Beatrice Forbes Manz “Central Asian Uprisings in the Nineteenth Century: Ferghana under the Russians” Russian Review Vol. 46 (1987), pp. 267-281
- ^ Khalid, Adeeb (1998). The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Comparative studies on Muslim societies. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 59. ISBN 0-520-21355-6.
- ^ s.v. Andijan, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia, cited in D. Kislov. (July 13, 2007). "Листая старые журналы: Свидетельства андижанского землетрясения 1902 года", fergana.ru.
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andijan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Republic of Uzbekistan
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi
Ўзбекистон Республикаси |
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| Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan "O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" |
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| Capital (and largest city) |
Tashkent 41°16′N 69°13′E / 41.267°N 69.217°E / 41.267; 69.217 |
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| Official language(s) | Uzbek | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Karakalpak | |||||
| Language for inter-ethnic communication |
Russian | |||||
| Ethnic groups (1996) | 80.0% Uzbek 5.5% Russian 5.0%–5.5% (Official Uzbek Statistics) (30% Foltz, Cordell, Jonson) Tajik[1][2][3][4] 3.0% Kazakh 2.5% Karakalpak 1.5% Tatar 2.5% Others[5] |
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| Demonym | Uzbek | |||||
| Government | Presidential Republic | |||||
| - | President | Islam Karimov | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Shavkat Mirziyoyev | ||||
| Legislature | Supreme Assembly | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | Legislative Chamber | ||||
| Independence | from the Soviet Union | |||||
| - | Formation | 17471 | ||||
| - | Uzbek SSR | October 27, 1924 | ||||
| - | Declared | September 1, 1991 | ||||
| - | Recognized | December 8, 1991 | ||||
| - | Completed | December 25, 1991 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 447,400 km2 (56th) 172,742 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 4.9 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2012 estimate | 29,559,100[6] (45th) | ||||
| - | Density | 61.4/km2 (136th) 159.1/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $95.239 billion[7] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $3,302[7] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $45.353 billion[7] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,572[7] | ||||
| Gini (2000) | 26.8  0.21 (low) (95th) |
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| HDI (2010) |  0.617[8] (medium) (102nd) |
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| Currency | Uzbekistan som (O'zbekiston so'mi) (UZS) |
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| Time zone | UZT (UTC+5) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+5) | ||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | UZ | |||||
| Internet TLD | .uz | |||||
| Calling code | 998 | |||||
| 1 | As Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khwarezm. | |||||
Uzbekistan 
i/ʊzˌbɛkɨˈstɑːn/, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси) is the only doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of only two such countries worldwide. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south. Before 1991, it was part of the Soviet Union.
Uzbekistan is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia.
Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the region was conquered in the early 16th century by Uzbek nomads, who spoke an Eastern Turkic language. Most of Uzbekistan’s population today belong to the Uzbek ethnic group and speak the Uzbek language, one of the family of Turkic languages.
Uzbekistan was incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century, and in 1924 became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). It became independent on 31 August 1991 (officially, from the following day).
Uzbekistan's economy relies mainly on commodity production, including cotton, gold, uranium, potassium, and natural gas. Despite the declared objective of transition to a market economy, Uzbekistan continues to maintain rigid economic controls, which often repel foreign investors. The policy of gradual, strictly controlled transition to the market economy has nevertheless produced beneficial results in the form of economic recovery after 1995. Uzbekistan's domestic policies on human rights and individual freedoms have been criticised by some international organizations.[9]
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Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Uzbekistan
See also: List of cities in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan has an area of 447,400 square kilometres (172,700 sq mi). It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 42nd by population.[10] Among the CIS countries, it is the 5th largest by area and the 3rd largest by population.[11]
Uzbekistan lies between latitudes 37° and 46° N, and longitudes 56° and 74° E. It stretches 1,425 kilometres (885 mi) from west to east and 930 kilometres (580 mi) from north to south. Bordering Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea to the north and northwest, Turkmenistan to the southwest, Tajikistan to the southeast, and Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Uzbekistan is not only one of the largest Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border (less than 150 km or 93 mi) with Afghanistan to the south.
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; it is one of two doubly landlocked countries in the world; that is, a country completely surrounded by landlocked countries – the other being Liechtenstein. Less than 10% of its territory is intensively cultivated irrigated land in river valleys and oases. The rest is vast desert (Kyzyl Kum) and mountains.
The highest point in Uzbekistan is the Khazret Sultan, located at 4,643 metres (15,233 ft) above sea level, located in the southern part of the Gissar Range in Surkhandarya Province, on the border with Tajikistan, just north-west of Dushanbe (formerly called Peak of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party).[11]
The climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan is continental, with little precipitation expected annually (100–200 millimeters, or 3.9–7.9 inches). The average summer high temperature tends to be 40 °C (104 °F), while the average winter low temperature is around −23 °C (−9 °F).[12]
Major cities include Andijan, Bukhara, Samarkand, Namangan and the capital Tashkent.
Environment[link]
Decades of questionable Soviet policies in pursuit of greater cotton production have resulted in a catastrophic scenario. The agricultural industry appears to be the main contributor to the pollution and devastation of the air and water in the country.[13]
The Aral Sea disaster is a global, not a local problem. The Aral Sea used to be the fourth-largest inland sea on Earth, acting as an influencing factor in the air moisture and arid landuse.[14] Since the 1960s, the decade when the misuse of the Aral Sea water began, it has shrunk to less than 50% of its former area and decreased in volume threefold. Alas, reliable or even approximate data have not been collected, stored or provided by any organization or official agency. Much of the water was and less continues to be used for the irrigation of cotton fields, a crop requiring a large amount of water to grow.[15]
The numbers of animal deaths and human refugees flows from the area around the sea can only be guessed. The question of who is responsible for the crisis remains open – the Soviet scientists and politicians who directed the distribution of water during the 1960s, or the post-Soviet politicians who did not allocate sufficient funding for the building of dams and irrigation systems. Nevertheless, it is a big catastrophe.
Due to the virtually unsolvable Aral Sea problem, high salinity and contamination of the soil with heavy elements are especially widespread in Karakalpakstan, the region of Uzbekistan adjacent to the Aral Sea. The bulk of the nation's water resources is used for farming, which accounts for nearly 84% of the water usage and contributes to high soil salinity. Heavy use of pesticides and fertilizers for cotton growing further aggravates soil pollution.[12]
History[link]
Main article: History of Uzbekistan
The earliest Bronze Age colonists of the Tarim Basin were people of Caucasoid physical type who entered probably from the north and west and spoke languages that could be classified as Pre- or Proto-Tocharian, ancestral to the Indo-European Tocharian languages documented later in the Tarim Basin. These early settlers occupied the northern and eastern parts of the Tarim Basin, where their graves have yielded mummies dated about 1800 BC. They participated in a cultural world centered on the eastern steppes of central Eurasia, including the modern northeastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
At the eastern end of the Tarim Basin, people of Mongoloid physical type began to be buried in cemeteries such as Yanbulaq some centuries later, during the later second or early first millennium BC. About the same time, Iranian-speaking people moved into the Tarim Basin from the steppes to the west. Their linguistic heritage and perhaps their physical remains are found in the southern and western portions of the Tarim. These three populations interacted, as the linguistic and archaeological evidence reviewed by Mallory and Mair makes clear, and then Turkic people arrived and were added to the mix.[16]
The first people known to inhabit the Central Asia were Iranian nomads who arrived from the northern grasslands of what is now Uzbekistan sometime in the first millennium BC. These nomads, who spoke Iranian dialects, settled in the Central Asia and began to build an extensive irrigation system along the rivers of the region. At this time, cities such as Bukhoro (Bukhara), Samarqand (Samarkand) and Chash (Tashkent) began to appear as centers of emerging government and high culture. By the 5th century BC, the Bactrian, Soghdian, and Tokharian states dominated and ruled over the region.
As China began to develop its silk trade with the West, Iranian cities took advantage of this commerce by becoming centres of trade. Using an extensive network of cities and rural settlements in the province of Mouwaurannahr (a name given the region after the Arab conquest) in Uzbekistan, and further east in what is today China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Soghdian intermediaries became the wealthiest of these Iranian merchants. Because of this trade on what became known as the Silk Route, Bukhoro and Samarqand eventually became extremely wealthy cities, and at the times Mawarannahr was the only large and one of the most influential and powerful Persian provinces of antiquity in human history.[17]
Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Sogdiana and Bactria in 327 BC, marrying Roxana, daughter of a local Bactrian chieftain. A conquest was supposedly of little help to Alexander as popular resistance was fierce, causing Alexander's army to be bogged down in the region that became the northern part of Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. For many centuries the region of Uzbekistan was ruled by Persian empires, including the Parthian and Sassanid Empires as well as by Turkic Hephthalite and Gokturk ones.
In the 8th century Transoxiana (territory between the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers) was conquered by Arabs (Ali ibn Sattor), which inherited the region with the Early Renaissance. Many notable scientists have lived and contributed during the Islamic Golden Age. Among the achievements of the scholars during this period were the development of trigonometry into its modern form (simplifying its practical application to calculate the phases of the moon), advances in optics, in astronomy, as well as in poetry, philosophy, art, calligraphy and many other, set a foundation for a Muslim Renaissance.
In the 9th – 10th centuries, Transoxiana was included into Samanid State. Later Transoxiana saw the incursion of the Turkic Karakhanids, as well as the Seljuks (Sultan Sanjar) and Kara-Khitans. [18]
The Mongol conquest under Genghis Khan during the 13th century would bring about a dramatic change to the region. The brutal conquest and widespread genocide characteristic of the Mongols almost entirely exterminated the indigenous Indo-Persian (Scythian) people of the region, their culture and heritage being superseded by that of the Mongolian-Turkic peoples who came thereafter.
Following the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, his empire was divided among his four sons and his family members. Despite the potential for serious fragmentation, Mongol law of the Mongol Empire maintained orderly succession for several more generations, and control of most of Mawarannahr stayed in the hands of direct descendants of Chagatai Khan, the second son of Genghis Khan. Orderly succession, prosperity, and internal peace prevailed in the Chaghatai lands, and the Mongol Empire as a whole remained strong and united kingdom. (Ulus Batiy, Sattarkhan) [19]
In the early 14th century, however, as the empire began to break up into its constituent parts, the Chaghatai territory also was disrupted as the princes of various tribal groups competed for influence. One tribal chieftain, Timur (Tamerlane),[20] emerged from these struggles in the 1380s as the dominant force in Mawarannahr. Although he was not a descendant of Chinggis, Timur became the de facto ruler of Mawarannahr and proceeded to conquer all of western Central Asia, Iran, Asia Minor, and the southern steppe region north of the Aral Sea. He also invaded to Russia, Turkey, Spain, placed under his command Iran and India before dying during an invasion of China in 1405.[19]
Timur initiated the last flowering of Mawarannahr by gathering in his capital, Samarqand, numerous artisans and scholars from the wast lands he had conquered. By supporting such people, Timur imbued his empire with a very rich culture. During Amir Timur's reign and the reigns of his immediate descendants, a wide range of religious and palatial construction masterpieces were undertaken in Samarqand and other population centres. Timur also initiated exchange of medical thoughts and patronized physicians, scientists and artists from the neighboring countries like India;[21] his grandson Ulugh Beg was one of the world's first great astronomers. It was during the Timurid dynasty that Turkish, in the form of the Chaghatai dialect, became a literary language in its own right in Mawarannahr—although the Timurids also patronized writing in Persian. Until then only Persian had been used in the region. The greatest Chaghataid writer, Ali-Shir Nava'i, was active in the city of Herat, now in northwestern Afghanistan, in the second half of the 15th century.[19]
The Timurid state quickly broke into two halves after the death of Timur. The chronic internal fighting of the Timurids attracted the attention of the Uzbek nomadic tribes living to the north of the Aral Sea. In 1501 the Uzbeks folks began a wholesale invasion of Mawarannahr.[19] The slave trade in the Khanate of Bukhara became prominent and was firmly established.[22] Estimates from 1821 suggest that between 25,000 and 60,000 Persian slaves were working only in Bukhara at the time.[23]
In the 19th century, the Russian Empire began to expand and spread into Central Asia. By 1911 Russians living in Uzbekistan numbered 210,306.[24] The "Great Game" period is generally regarded as running from approximately 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, a second, less intensive phase followed. At the start of the 19th century, there were some 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) separating British India and the outlying regions of Tsarist Russia. Much of the land in between was unmapped.
By the beginning of 1920, Central Asia was firmly in the hands of Russia and, despite some early resistance to the Bolsheviks, Uzbekistan and the rest of the Central Asia became a part of the Soviet Union. On October 27, 1924 the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was created. On August 31, 1991, Uzbekistan declared independence, proclaiming September 1 as the National Independence Day.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Uzbekistan
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The first elections of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) were held under a resolution adopted by the 16th Supreme Soviet in 1994. In that year, the Supreme Soviet was replaced by the Oliy Majlis. Since then Uzbekistan has held presidential and parliamentarian elections on regular basis but no real opposition candidates or parties are able to participate.[citation needed]
The third elections for the bicameral 150-member Oliy Majlis — the Legislative Chamber and the 100-member Senate — for five-year terms, were held on December 27, 2009, after the second elections that were held in December 2004–2005. The Oliy Majlis was unicameral up to 2004. Its strength increased from 69 deputies (members) in 1994 to 120 in 2004–05 and presently to 150.
The executive holds a great deal of power, and the legislature has little power to shape laws. Under terms of a December 27, 1995 referendum, Islam Karimov's first term was extended. Another national referendum was held January 27, 2002 to extend the Constitutional Presidential term from 5 years to 7 years.
The referendum passed, and Islam Karimov's term was extended by an act of parliament to December 2007. Most international observers refused to participate in the process and did not recognize the results, dismissing them as not meeting basic standards. The 2002 referendum also included a plan for a bicameral parliament, consisting of a lower house (the Oliy Majlis) and an upper house (Senate). Members of the lower house are to be "full time" legislators. Elections for the new bicameral parliament took place on December 26, but no truly independent opposition candidates or parties were able to take part.
The OSCE limited observation mission concluded that the elections fell significantly short of OSCE commitments and other international standards for democratic elections. Several political parties have been formed with government approval. Similarly, although multiple media outlets (radio, TV, newspaper) have been established, these either remain under government control or rarely broach political topics. Independent political parties were allowed to organise, recruit members and hold conventions and press conferences, but they have been denied registration under restrictive registration procedures.
Human rights[link]
Main article: Human rights in Uzbekistan
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan asserts that "democracy in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be based upon common human principles, according to which the highest value shall be the human being, his life, freedom, honour, dignity and other inalienable rights."
The official position is summarised in a memorandum "The measures taken by the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of providing and encouraging human rights"[25] and amounts to the following: the government does everything that is in its power to protect and to guarantee the human rights of Uzbekistan's citizens. Uzbekistan continuously improves its laws and institutions in order to create a more humane society. Over 300 laws regulating the rights and basic freedoms of the people have been passed by the parliament. For instance, an office of Ombudsman was established in 1996.[26] On August 2, 2005, President Islam Karimov signed a decree that was to abolish capital punishment in Uzbekistan on January 1, 2008.
However, non-governmental human rights watchdogs, such as IHF, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, as well as United States Department of State and Council of the European Union define Uzbekistan as "an authoritarian state with limited civil rights"[27] and express profound concern about "wide-scale violation of virtually all basic human rights".[28] According to the reports, the most widespread violations are torture, arbitrary arrests, and various restrictions of freedoms: of religion, of speech and press, of free association and assembly.[29] The reports maintain that the violations are most often committed against members of religious organizations, independent journalists, human rights activists and political activists, including members of the banned opposition parties.
The 2005 civil unrest in Uzbekistan, which resulted in several hundred people being killed, is viewed by many as a landmark event in the history of human rights abuse in Uzbekistan.[30][31][32] A concern has been expressed and a request for an independent investigation of the events has been made by the United States, European Union, the UN, the OSCE Chairman-in-Office and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. The government of Uzbekistan is accused of unlawful termination of human life and of denying its citizens freedom of assembly and freedom of expression. The government vehemently rebuffs the accusations, maintaining that it merely conducted an anti-terrorist operation, exercising only necessary force.[33] In addition, some officials claim that "an information war on Uzbekistan has been declared" and the human rights violations in Andijan are invented by the enemies of Uzbekistan as a convenient pretext for intervention into the country's internal affairs.[34]
Uzbekistan also does not allow Tajiks to teach their youth in their native language. There have been cases of destroying Tajiki (Persian-language) literary works.[35]
Provinces and districts[link]
Main articles: Provinces of Uzbekistan and Districts of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is divided into twelve provinces (viloyatlar, singular viloyat, compound noun viloyati e.g., Toshkent viloyati, Samarqand viloyati, etc.), one autonomous republic (respublika, compound noun respublikasi e.g. Qaraqalpaqstan Avtonom Respublikasi, Karakalpakistan Autonomous Republic, etc.), and one independent city (shahar. compound noun shahri, e.g., Toshkent shahri). Names are given below in the Uzbek language, although numerous variations of the transliterations of each name exist.
| Division | Capital City | Area (km²) |
Population (2008)[36] | Key |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buxoro Viloyati | Buxoro (Bukhara) | 39,400 | 1,576,800 | 3 |
| Jizzax Viloyati | Jizzax | 20,500 | 1,090,900 | 5 |
| Navoiy Viloyati | Navoiy | 110,800 | 834,100 | 7 |
| Qashqadaryo Viloyati | Qarshi | 28,400 | 2,537,600 | 8 |
| Samarqand Viloyati | Samarqand | 16,400 | 3,032,000 | 9 |
| Sirdaryo Viloyati | Guliston | 5,100 | 698,100 | 10 |
| Surxondaryo Viloyati | Termiz | 20,800 | 2,012,600 | 11 |
| Toshkent Viloyati | Toshkent (Tashkent) | 15,300 | 2,537,500 | 12 |
| Toshkent Shahri | Toshkent (Tashkent) | 335 | 2,192,700 | 1 |
| Fergana Valley Region | ||||
| Farg'ona Viloyati | Farg'ona (Fergana) | 6,800 | 2,997,400 | 4 |
| Andijon Viloyati | Andijon | 4,200 | 2,477,900 | 2 |
| Namangan Viloyati | Namangan | 7,900 | 2,196,200 | 6 |
| Karakalpakstan Region | ||||
| Xorazm Viloyati | Urganch | 6,300 | 1,517,600 | 13 |
| Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasi | Nukus | 160,000 | 1,612,300 | 14 |
The statistics for Toshkent Viloyati also include the statistics for Toshkent Shahri.
The provinces are further divided into districts (tuman).
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan has the fourth largest gold deposits in the world. The country mines 80 tons of gold annually, seventh in the world. Uzbekistan's copper deposits rank tenth in the world and its uranium deposits twelfth. The country's uranium production ranks seventh globally.[37][38][39] The Uzbek national gas company, Uzbekneftgas, ranks 11th in the world in natural gas production with an annual output of 60 to 70 billion cubic meters. The country has significant untapped reserves of oil and gas: there are 194 deposits of hydrocarbons in Uzbekistan, including 98 condensate and natural gas deposits and 96 gas condensate deposits.
The largest corporations involved in Uzbekistan's energy sector are the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Petronas, the Korea National Oil Corporation, Gazprom, Lukoil, and Uzbekneftgas.
Along with many Commonwealth of Independent States or CIS economies, Uzbekistan's economy declined during the first years of transition and then recovered after 1995, as the cumulative effect of policy reforms began to be felt. It has shown robust growth, rising by 4% per year between 1998 and 2003 and accelerating thereafter to 7%–8% per year. According to IMF estimates,[40] the GDP in 2008 will be almost double its value in 1995 (in constant prices). Since 2003 annual inflation rates averaged less than 10%.
Uzbekistan has a very low GNI per capita (US$610 in current dollars in 2006, giving a PPP equivalent of US$2,250).[41] By GNI per capita in PPP equivalents Uzbekistan ranks 169 among 209 countries; among the 12 CIS countries, only Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan had lower GNI per capita in 2006. Economic production is concentrated in commodities. In 2011, Uzbekistan was the world's seventh-largest producer and fifth-largest exporter of cotton[42] as well as the seventh largest world producer of gold. It is also a regionally significant producer of natural gas, coal, copper, oil, silver and uranium.[43]
Agriculture employs 28% of Uzbekistan's labour force and contributes 24% of its GDP (2006 data).[11] While official unemployment is very low, underemployment – especially in rural areas – is estimated to be at least 20%.[5] Still, at cotton-harvest time, all students and teachers are mobilized and enslaved as unpaid labour to help in the fields.[44] The use of child labour in Uzbekistan has led several companies, including Tesco,[45] C&A,[46] Marks & Spencer, Gap, and H&M, to boycott Uzbek cotton.[47]
Facing a multitude of economic challenges upon acquiring independence, the government adopted an evolutionary reform strategy, with an emphasis on state control, reduction of imports and self-sufficiency in energy. Since 1994, the state-controlled media have repeatedly proclaimed the success of this "Uzbekistan Economic Model"[48] and suggested that it is a unique example of a smooth transition to the market economy while avoiding shock, pauperism and stagnation.
The gradualist reform strategy has involved postponing significant macroeconomic and structural reforms. The state in the hands of the bureaucracy has remained a dominant influence in the economy. Corruption permeates the society and grows more rampant over time: Uzbekistan's 2005 Corruption Perception Index was 137 out of 159 countries, whereas in 2007 Uzbekistan was 175th out of 179 countries. A February 2006 report on the country by the International Crisis Group suggests that revenues earned from key exports, especially cotton, gold, corn and increasingly gas, are distributed among a very small circle of the ruling elite, with little or no benefit for the populace at large.[49]
According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, "the government is hostile to allowing the development of an independent private sector, over which it would have no control".[50] Thus, the middle class is marginalised economically and, consequently, politically.
The economic policies have repelled foreign investment, which is the lowest per capita in the CIS.[51] For years, the largest barrier to foreign companies entering the Uzbekistan market has been the difficulty of converting currency. In 2003, the government accepted the obligations of Article VIII under the International Monetary Fund.[52] providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and the tightening of borders have lessened the effect of this measure.
Uzbekistan experienced rampant inflation of around 1000% per year immediately after independence (1992–1994). Stabilisation efforts implemented with guidance from the IMF[53] paid off. The inflation rates were brought down to 50% in 1997 and then to 22% in 2002. Since 2003 annual inflation rates averaged less than 10%.[40] Tight economic policies in 2004 resulted in a drastic reduction of inflation to 3.8% (although alternative estimates based on the price of a true market basket, put it at 15%).[54] The inflation rates moved up to 6.9% in 2006 and 7.6% in 2007 but have remained in the single-digit range.[55]
The government of Uzbekistan restricts foreign imports in many ways, including high import duties. Excise taxes are applied in a highly discriminatory manner to protect locally produced goods. Official tariffs are combined with unofficial, discriminatory charges resulting in total charges amounting to as much as 100 to 150% of the actual value of the product, making imported products virtually unaffordable.[56] Import substitution is an officially declared policy and the government proudly reports a reduction by a factor of two in the volume of consumer goods imported. A number of CIS countries are officially exempt from Uzbekistan import duties.
The Republican Stock Exchange (RSE) 'Tashkent' opened in 1994. It houses a securities exchange, real estate traders, the national investment fund and the national securities depositary. It does not trade all joint-stock companies each month, and therefore market capitalisation varies widely.[citation needed]
Uzbekistan's external position has been strong since 2003. Thanks in part to the recovery of world market prices of gold and cotton (the country's key export commodities), expanded natural gas and some manufacturing exports, and increasing labour migrant transfers, the current account turned into a large surplus (between 9% and 11% of GDP from 2003 to 2005) and foreign exchange reserves, including gold, more than doubled to around US$3 billion.[citation needed]
Foreign exchange reserves amounted in 2010 to 13 billion US$.[57]
Uzbekistan is considered one of the fastest growing economies in the world (top 26) in the next decades according to a global bank HSBC survey [58]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is Central Asia's most populous country. Its 29,559,100 population[6] comprise nearly half the region's total population.
The population of Uzbekistan is very young: 34.1% of its people are younger than 14 (2008 estimate).[5] According to official sources, Uzbeks comprise a majority (80%) of the total population. Other ethnic groups include Russians 5.5%, Tajiks 5% (official estimate and disputed), Kazakhs 3%, Karakalpaks 2.5% and Tatars 1.5% (1996 estimates).[5]
There is some controversy about the percentage of the Tajik population. While official state numbers from Uzbekistan put the number at 5%, the number is said to be an understatement and some Western scholars put the number up to 20%–30%.[1][2][3][4] The Uzbeks absorbed, among others, the Sarts, a Turko-Persian population of Central Asian peasants and merchants. According to recent genetic genealogy testing from a University of Oxford study, the genetic admixture of the Uzbeks clusters somewhere between the Mongols and the Iranian peoples.[59]
Uzbekistan has an ethnic Korean population that was forcibly relocated to the region by Stalin from the Soviet Far East in 1937–1938. There are also small groups of Armenians in Uzbekistan, mostly in Tashkent and Samarkand. The nation is 88% Muslim (mostly Sunni, with a 5% Shi'a minority), 9% Eastern Orthodox and 3% other faiths. The U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2004 reports that 0.2% of the population are Buddhist (these being ethnic Koreans). The Bukharan Jews have lived in Central Asia, mostly in Uzbekistan, for thousands of years. There were 94,900 Jews in Uzbekistan in 1989[60] (about 0.5% of the population according to the 1989 census), but now, since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, most Central Asian Jews left the region for the United States or Israel. Fewer than 5,000 Jews remained in Uzbekistan in 2007.[61]
During the Soviet period, Russians and Ukrainians constituted more than half the population of Tashkent.[62] The country counted nearly 1.5 million Russians, 12.5% of the population, in the 1970 census.[63] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, significant emigration of ethnic Russians has taken place, mostly for economic reasons.[64]
In the 1940s, the Crimean Tatars, along with the Germans, Chechens, Greeks, Turks, Kurds and many other nationalities were deported to Central Asia.[65] Approximately 100,000 Crimean Tatars continue to live in Uzbekistan.[66] The number of Greeks in Tashkent has decreased from 35,000 in 1974 to about 12,000 today.[67] The majority of Meskhetian Turks left Uzbekistan after 1989.[68]
At least 10% of Uzbekistan's labour force works abroad (mostly in Russia and Kazakhstan).[69]
Uzbekistan has a 99.3% literacy rate among adults older than 15 (2003 estimate),[5] which is attributable to the free and universal education system of the Soviet Union.
Largest cities[link]
|
Largest cities or towns of Uzbekistan http://www.geonames.org/SY/largest-cities-in-uzbekistan.html |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | Province | Pop. | Rank | City name | Province | Pop. | ||
Tashkent [[File:|border|120px|Namangan]] |
1 | Tashkent | Tashkent | 1 978 028 | 11 | Urgench | Khorezm | 1200000 | Samarqand |
| 2 | Namangan | Namangan | 432 456 | ||||||
| 3 | Samarqand | Samarqand | 319 366 | ||||||
| 4 | Andijon | Andijon | 318 419 | ||||||
| 5 | Buxoro | Bukhara | 247 644 | ||||||
| 6 | Nukus | Karakalpakstan | 230 006 | ||||||
| 7 | Qarshi | Kashkadarya | 222 898 | ||||||
| 8 | Qo'qon | Fergana | 187 477 | ||||||
| 9 | Chirchiq | Tashkent | 167 842 | ||||||
| 10 | Farg'ona | Fergana | 164 322 | ||||||
Religion[link]
Main article: Islam in Uzbekistan
Islam is by far the dominant religion in Uzbekistan, as Muslims constitute 90% of the population while 5% of the population follow Russian Orthodox Christianity, and 5% of the population follow other religion according to a 2009 US State Department release.[70] However, a 2009 Pew Research Center report stated that Uzbekistan's population is 96.3% Muslim.[71] An estimated 93,000 Jews were once present in the country.
Despite its predominance, the practice of Islam is far from monolithic. Many versions of the faith have been practiced in Uzbekistan. The conflict of Islamic tradition with various agendas of reform or secularization throughout the 20th century has left the outside world with a confused notion of Islamic practices in Central Asia.
The end of Soviet power in Uzbekistan did not bring an upsurge of fundamentalism, as many had predicted, but rather a gradual reacquaintance with the precepts of the faith. However after 2000, there seems to be a rise of support in favor of the Islamists.[citation needed]
Although constitutionally maintaining rights to freedom of religion, Uzbekistan maintains a ban on all religious activities not approved by that state, with particularly harsh treatment of Protestant Christians being commonplace. See: Human Rights; Freedom of Religion, Uzbekistan
Languages[link]
Main article: Uzbek language
The Uzbek language is the only official state language,[72] and since 1992 is officially written in the Latin alphabet. The Tajik language is widespread in the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand because of their relatively large population of ethnic Tajiks.[2]
Russian is an important language for interethnic communication, especially in the cities, including much day-to-day technical, scientific, governmental and business use. Russian is the main language of over 14% of the population and is spoken as a second language by many more. The use of Russian in remote rural areas has always been limited, and today school children have no proficiency in Russian even in urban centres. However, it was reported in 2003 that over half of the population could speak Russian, and a renewed close political relationship between Russia and Uzbekistan have meant that official discouragement of Russian has dropped off sharply.[73]
Before 1920s, the written language of Uzbeks was called Turki (known to Western scholars as Chagatay) and used the Arabic script. In 1926, the Latin alphabet was introduced and went through several revisions in throughout the 1930s. Finally, in 1940, Cyrillic alphabet was abruptly introduced by Soviet authorities and was used until the fall of Soviet Union. In 1993, Uzbekistan shifted back to the Latin script, which was modified in 1996 and is being taught in schools since 2005.[74] Nevertheless, many signs and notices (including official government boards in the streets) are still written in Uzbek Cyrillic script[citation needed].
Communications[link]
Main article: Communications in Uzbekistan
According to the official source report, as of March 10, 2008, the number of cellular phone users in Uzbekistan reached 7 million, up from 3.7 million on July 1, 2007.[75] The largest mobile operator in terms of number of subscribers is MTS-Uzbekistan (former Uzdunrobita and part of Russian Mobile TeleSystems) and it is followed by Beeline (part of Russia's Beeline) and UCell (ex Coscom) (originally part of the U.S. MCT Corp., now a subsidiary of the Nordic/Baltic telecommunication company TeliaSonera AB).[76]
As of July 1, 2007, the estimated number of internet users was 1.8 million, according to UzACI.
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Uzbekistan
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Tashkent, the nation's capital and largest city, has a three-line rapid transit system built in 1977, and expanded in 2001 after ten years' independence from the Soviet Union. Uzbekistan is currently the only country in Central Asia with a subway system, which is promoted as one of the cleanest systems in the former Soviet Union. The stations are exceedingly ornate. For example, the station Metro Kosmonavtov built in 1984 is decorated using a space travel theme to recognise the achievements of mankind in space exploration and to commemorate the role of Vladimir Dzhanibekov, the Soviet cosmonaut of Uzbek origin. A statue of Vladimir Dzhanibekov stands near one of the station's entrances.
There are government-operated trams and buses running across the city. There are also many taxis, both registered and unregistered. Uzbekistan has car-producing plants which produce modern cars. The car production is supported by the government and the Korean auto company Daewoo. The Uzbek government acquired a 50% stake in Daewoo in 2005[citation needed] for an undisclosed sum, and in May 2007 UzDaewooAuto, the car maker, signed a strategic agreement with General Motors-Daewoo Auto and Technology (GMDAT, see: GM Uzbekistan also).[77] The government also bought a stake in Turkey's Koc in SamKochAvto, a producer of small buses and lorries. Afterwards, it signed an agreement with Isuzu Motors of Japan to produce Isuzu buses and lorries.[78]
Train links connect many towns within Uzbekistan, as well as neighboring former republics of the Soviet Union. Moreover, after independence two fast-running train systems were established. Uzbekistan has launched first high-speed railway in Central Asia in September 2011 between Tashkent and Samarqand. The new high-speed electric train Talgo 250, called Afrosiyob, was manufactured by Patentes Talgo S.L. (Spain) and carried out its first trip from Tashkent to Samarkand on August 26, 2011.[79]
There is also a large airplane plant that was built during the Soviet era – Tashkent Chkalov Aviation Manufacturing Plant or ТАПОиЧ in Russian. The plant originated during World War II, when production facilities were evacuated south and east to avoid capture by advancing Nazi forces. Until the late 1980s, the plant was one of the leading airplane production centers in the USSR, but with dissolution of the Soviet Union its manufacturing equipment became outdated, and most of the workers were laid off. Now it produces only a few planes a year, but with interest from Russian companies growing in it, there are rumours of production-enhancement plans.
Military[link]
Main article: Military of Uzbekistan
With close to 65,000 servicemen, Uzbekistan possesses the largest armed forces in Central Asia. The military structure is largely inherited from the Turkestan Military District of the Soviet Army, although it is going through a reform to be based mainly on motorized infantry with some light ans special forces[citation needed]. The Uzbek Armed Forces' equipment is not modern, and training, while improving, is neither uniform nor adequate for its new mission of territorial security[citation needed].
The government has accepted the arms control obligations of the former Soviet Union, acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (as a non-nuclear state), and supported an active program by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) in western Uzbekistan (Nukus and Vozrozhdeniye Island). The Government of Uzbekistan spends about 3.7% of GDP on the military but has received a growing infusion of Foreign Military Financing (FMF) and other security assistance funds since 1998.
Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., Uzbekistan approved the U.S. Central Command's request for access to an air base, the Karshi-Khanabad airfield, in southern Uzbekistan. However, Uzbekistan demanded that the U.S. withdraw from the airbases after the Andijan massacre and the U.S. reaction to this massacre. The last US troops left Uzbekistan in November 2005.
Foreign relations[link]
Main articles: Foreign relations of Uzbekistan and International organization membership of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan joined the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991. However, it is opposed to reintegration and withdrew from the CIS collective security arrangement in 1999. Since that time, Uzbekistan has participated in the CIS peacekeeping force in Tajikistan and in UN-organized groups to help resolve the Tajikistan and Afghanistan conflicts, both of which it sees as posing threats to its own stability.
Previously close to Washington (which gave Uzbekistan half a billion dollars in aid in 2004, about a quarter of its military budget), the government of Uzbekistan has recently restricted American military use of the airbase at Karshi-Khanabad for air operations in neighboring Afghanistan.[80] Uzbekistan was an active supporter of U.S. efforts against worldwide terrorism and joined the coalitions that have dealt with both Afghanistan and Iraq.
The relationship between Uzbekistan and the United States began to deteriorate after the so-called "colour revolutions" in Georgia and Ukraine (and to a lesser extent Kyrgyzstan). When the U.S. joined in a call for an independent international investigation of the bloody events at Andijon, the relationship took an additional nosedive, and President Islam Karimov changed the political alignment of the country to bring it closer to Russia and China, countries which chose not to criticise Uzbekistan's leaders for their alleged human rights violations.
In late July 2005, the government of Uzbekistan ordered the United States to vacate an air base in Karshi-Kanabad (near Uzbekistan's border with Afghanistan) within 180 days. Karimov had offered use of the base to the U.S. shortly after 9/11. It is also believed by some Uzbeks that the protests in Andijan were brought about by the U.K. and U.S. influences in the area of Andijan. This is another reason for the hostility between Uzbekistan and the West.
Uzbekistan is a member of the United Nations (UN) (since March 2, 1992), the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), Partnership for Peace (PfP), and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). It belongs to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) (comprising the five Central Asian countries, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan). In 1999, Uzbekistan joined the GUAM alliance (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova), which was formed in 1997 (making it GUUAM), but pulled out of the organization in 2005.
Uzbekistan is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and hosts the SCO’s Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent. Uzbekistan joined the new Central Asian Cooperation Organisation (CACO) in 2002. The CACO consists of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It is a founding member of, and remains involved in, the Central Asian Union, formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan.
In September 2006, UNESCO presented Islam Karimov an award for Uzbekistan's preservation of its rich culture and traditions. Despite criticism, this seems to be a sign of improving relationships between Uzbekistan and the West.
The month of October 2006 also saw a decrease in the isolation of Uzbekistan from the West. The EU announced that it was planning to send a delegation to Uzbekistan to talk about human rights and liberties, after a long period of hostile relations between the two. Although it is equivocal about whether the official or unofficial version of the Andijan Massacre is true, the EU is evidently willing to ease its economic sanctions against Uzbekistan. Nevertheless, it is generally assumed among Uzbekistan's population that the government will stand firm in maintaining its close ties with the Russian Federation and in its theory that the 2004–2005 protests in Uzbekistan were promoted by the USA and UK.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan has a wide mix of ethnic groups and cultures, with the Uzbek being the majority group. In 1995 about 71% of Uzbekistan's population was Uzbek. The chief minority groups were Russians (8%), Tajiks (5–30%),[1][2][3][81] Kazaks (4%), Tatars (2.5%) and Karakalpaks (2%). It is said, however, that the number of non-Uzbek people living in Uzbekistan is decreasing as Russians and other minority groups slowly leave and Uzbeks return from other parts of the former Soviet Union.
When Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991, there was concern that Muslim fundamentalism would spread across the region. The expectation was that a country long denied freedom of religious practice would undergo a very rapid increase in the expression of its dominant faith. As of 1994, well over half of Uzbekistan's population was said to be Muslim, though in an official survey few of that number had any real knowledge of the religion or knew how to practice it. However, Islamic observance is increasing in the region.
Uzbekistan has a high literacy rate, with about 99.3% of adults above the age of 15 being able to read and write. However with only 88% of the under-15 population currently enrolled in education, this figure may drop in the future.[citation needed] Uzbekistan has encountered severe budgeting shortfalls in its education program. The education law of 1992 began the process of theoretical reform, but the physical base has deteriorated and curriculum revision has been slow.
Uzbekistan's universities create almost 600,000 graduates annually.
Music[link]
Main article: Music of Uzbekistan
Central Asian classical music is called Shashmaqam, which arose in Bukhara in the late 16th century when that city was a regional capital. Shashmaqam is closely related to Azerbaijani Mugam and Uyghur muqam. The name, which translates as six maqams refers to the structure of the music, which contains six sections in six different Musical modes, similar to classical Persian traditional music. Interludes of spoken Sufi poetry interrupt the music, typically beginning at a lower register and gradually ascending to a climax before calming back down to the beginning tone.
Endurance of listening and continual audiences that attend events, such as Bazms or Weddings, is what makes the Folk-pop style of music so popular. The classical music in Uzbekistan is very different than that of the pop music. Mostly men listen to Solo or Duo shows during a morning or evening meeting amongst men. Shash maqam, which is the main component of the classical genre of music. The large support of the musicians from high class families, which meant the Patronage was to be paid to the Shash maqam above all things. Poetry is where some of the music is drawn from. In some instances of the music, the 2 languages are even mixed in the same song. In the 1950s, the folk music became less popular, and the genre was barred from the radio stations. They did not completely dispel the music all together, although the name changed to Feudal music. Although banned, the folk musical groups continued to play their music in their own ways and spread it individually as well. Many say that it was the most liberated musical experience in their lives.
Education[link]
Uzbekistan has a high Literacy rate with about 88% of adults above the age of 15 being able to read and write. However, with only 76% of the under 15 population currently enrolled in education, this figure may drop in the future. Uzbekistan has encountered severe budgeting shortfalls in its education program. The education law of 1992 began the process of theoretical reform, but the physical base has deteriorated and curriculum revision has been slow.
Holidays[link]
See also: Public holidays in Uzbekistan
- January 1 – New Year "Yangi Yil Bayrami"
- January 14 – Vatan Himoyachilari kuni
- March 8 – International Women's Day – "Xalqaro Xotin-Qizlar kuni"
- March 21 – Navrooz – "Navro'z Bayrami"
- May 9 – Remembrance Day – "Xotira va Qadirlash kuni"
- September 1 – Independence Day – "Mustaqillik kuni"
- October 1 – Teacher's Day – "O'qituvchi va Murabbiylar"
- December 8 – "Constitution Day" – Konstitutsiya kuni
Variable date
- End of Ramazon Ramazon Hayit Eid al-Fitr
- 70 days later Qurbon Hayit Eid al-Adha
Cuisine[link]
Main article: Uzbek cuisine
Uzbek Cuisine is influenced by local agriculture, as in most nations. There is a great deal of grain farming in Uzbekistan, so breads and noodles are of importance and Uzbek cuisine has been characterized as noodle rich. Mutton is a popular variety of meat due to the abundance of sheep in the country and it is part of various Uzbek dishes.
Uzbekistan's signature dish is Palov (Plov or Osh), a main course typically made with rice, pieces of meat, and grated carrots and onions. Oshi Nahor or morning Plov, is served in the early morning (between 6 am and 9 am) to large gatherings of guests, typically as part of an ongoing wedding celebration. Other notable national dishes include: Shurpa (Shurva or Shorva), a soup made of large pieces of fatty meat (usually mutton), and fresh vegetables; Norin and Langman, noodle-based dishes that may be served as a soup or a main course; Manti, Chuchvara, and Somsa, stuffed pockets of dough served as an appetizer or a main course; Dimlama (a meat and vegetable stew) and various Kebabs, usually served as a main course.
Green tea is the national hot beverage taken throughout the day; teahouses (Chaikhanas) are of cultural importance. The more usual black tea is preferred in Tashkent, both green and black teas are taken daily without milk or sugar. Tea always accompanies a meal, but it is also a drink of hospitality, automatically offered – green or black – to every guest. Ayran, a chilled yogurt drink, is popular in summer, but does not replace hot tea.
The use of alcohol is less widespread than in the west, but wine is comparatively popular for a Muslim nation as Uzbekistan is largely secular. Uzbekistan has 14 wineries, the oldest and most famous being the Khovrenko Winery in Samarkand (est. 1927). The Samarkand Winery produces a range of dessert wines from local grape varieties: Gulyakandoz, Shirin, Aleatiko, and Kabernet likernoe (literally Cabernet dessert wine in Russian). Uzbek wines have received international awards and are exported to Russia and other countries.
Sport[link]
Main article: Sport in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is home to former racing cyclist Djamolidine Abdoujaparov. Abdoujaparov has won the points contest in the Tour de France three times, each time winning the coveted green jersey.[82] (The green jersey is second only to the yellow jersey.) Abdoujaparov was a specialist at winning stages in tours or one-day races when the bunch or peloton would finish together. He would often 'sprint' in the final kilometre and had a reputation as being dangerous in these bunch sprints as he would weave from side to side. This reputation earned him the nickname 'The Terror of Tashkent'.
Artur Taymazov won Uzbekistan's first wrestling medal at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games, as well as two gold medals at both the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Men's 120 kg.
Ruslan Chagaev is a professional boxer representing Uzbekistan in the WBA. He won the WBA champion title in 2007 after defeating Russian Nikolai Valuev. Chagaev defended his title twice before losing it to Vladimir Klitschko in 2009.
Michael Kolganov, sprint canoer, was world champion and won an Olympic bronze in K-1 500-meter. Gymnast Alexander Shatilov won a world bronze as an artistic gymnast in floor exercise.
Uzbekistan is the home of the International Kurash Association. Kurash is an internationalized and modernized form of the traditional Uzbek fighting art of Kurash.
Football is the most popular sport in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan's premier football league is the Uzbek League which features 14 teams since 2010, before 16. The current champions (2011) are FC Bunyodkor, and the team with the most championships is FC Pakhtakor Tashkent with 8. The current Player of the Year (2011) is Odil Ahmedov. Uzbekistan football clubs regularly participates in the AFC Champions League and the AFC Cup. Nasaf won AFC Cup in 2011 which is first international club cup for Uzbek football.
Before Uzbekistan's independence in 1991, the country used to be part of the Soviet Union football, rugby, ice hockey, basketball, and handball national teams. After Uzbekistan got split up from the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan created its own football, rugby, and futsal national teams.
Other popular sports in Uzbekistan include rugby, team handball, baseball, ice hockey, basketball, and futsal.
See also[link]
.svg){kind=small}
 |
Book: Uzbekistan |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of Uzbekistan
- Index of Uzbekistan-related articles
- Afghanistan-Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge
- Agriculture in Uzbekistan
- Central Asian Union
- Cuisine of Uzbekistan
- Economy of Uzbekistan
- Human rights in Uzbekistan
- Politics of Uzbekistan
- President of Uzbekistan
- Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
- Public holidays in Uzbekistan
- Senate of Uzbekistan
- Supreme Court of Uzbekistan
- Tourism in Uzbekistan
- Transport in Uzbekistan
- Trans-Caspian railway
- Uzbeks
- Women in Uzbekistan
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- ^ "Uzbekistan, General Motors sign strategic deal". Uzdaily.com. http://www.uzdaily.com/?c=118&a=1315. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ SamAuto supplies 100 buses to Samarkand firms, UZDaily.com. Japanese firm buys 8% shares in SamAuto, UZDaily.com.
- ^ First high-speed electricity train carries out first trip from Samarkand and Tashkent, 27 August 2011. Uzdaily (2011-08-27). Retrieved on 2012-02-19.
- ^ Erich Marquardt and Adam Wolfe Rice Attempts to Secure US Influence in Central Asia, Global Policy Forum. October 17, 2005
- ^ Lena Jonson, "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", Published by I.B.Tauris, 2006. p. 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 4% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya, Samarqand and Bukhara regions."
- ^ "Le Tours archive". http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/coureur/4976.html. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
Sources[link]
- Environmental Justice Foundation, February 2010, Slave Nation – A report exposing the continued use of state-sponsored forced child labour in the cotton fields of Uzbekistan,
- Anora Mahmudova, AlterNet, May 27, 2005, Uzbekistan’s Growing Police State (checked 2005-11-08)
- Manfred Nowak, Radio Free Europe, 2005-06-23, UN Charges Uzbekistan With Post-Andijon Torture,
- Gulnoza Saidazimova, Radio Free Europe, 2005-06-22, Uzbekistan: Tashkent reveals findings on Andijon uprising as victims mourned
- BBC News, 'Harassed' BBC shuts Uzbek office, 2005-10-26 (checked 2005-11-15)
- UNDP/CER/CCI's Public-Private Partnership in Uzbekistan: Problems, Opportunities and Ways of Introduction
- UNDP & Chamber of Commerce and Industry “Export Guide for Uzbekistan”
- IMF, 2005-09-24 Republic of Uzbekistan and the IMF
Printed sources[link]
- Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia by Tom Bissell
- A Historical Atlas of Uzbekistan by Aisha Khan
- The Modern Uzbeks From the 14th century to the Present: A Cultural History by Edward A. Allworth
- Nationalism in Uzbekistan: Soviet Republic's Road to Sovereignty by James Critchlow
- Odyssey Guide: Uzbekistan by Calcum Macleod and Bradley Mayhew
- Uzbekistan: Heirs to the Silk Road by Johannes Kalter and Margareta Pavaloi
- Silk Road to Ruin: Is Central Asia the New Middle East? by Ted Rall
- Murder in Samarkand – A British Ambassador's Controversial Defiance of Tyranny in the War on Terror by Craig Murray
- Tamerlane's Children – Dispatches from contemporary Uzbekistan by Robert Rand
- White Gold – the true cost of cotton, Still in the Fields, Slave Nation printed reports documenting environmental and social abuses in Uzbekistan's cotton fields by the Environmental Justice Foundation
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Uzbekistan |
- General information
- Uzbekistan entry at The World Factbook
- Uzbekistan from the U.S. Library of Congress includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
- Uzbek Publishing and National Bibliography from the University of Illinois Slavic and East European Library
- Uzbekistan at UCB Libraries GovPubs
- List of cities and populations
- Uzbekistan at the Open Directory Project
- Wikimedia Atlas of Uzbekistan
- Uzbekistan travel guide from Wikitravel
- Key Development Forecasts for Uzbekistan from International Futures
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