A project in business and science is typically defined as a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.^[1] Projects can be further defined as temporary rather than permanent social systems that are constituted by teams within or across organizations to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints.^[2]

Overview[link]

The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from the Latin verb proicere, "to throw something forward" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and iacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else happens".

When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an "object".

Specific uses[link]

School and university[link]

At school, educational institute and independent work than is involved in a normal essay assignment. It requires students to undertake their own fact-finding and analysis, either from library/internet research or from gathering data empirically. The written report that comes from the project is usually in the form of a dissertation, which will contain sections on the project's inception, methods of inquiry, analysis, findings and conclusions....^[3]

Engineering project[link]

Engineering projects are, in many countries, specifically defined by legislation, which requires that such projects should be carried out by registered engineers and/or registered engineering companies. That is, companies with license to carry out such works as design and construction of buildings, power plants, industrial facilities, installation and erection of electrical grid networks, transportation infrastructure and the like.

The scope of the project is specified in a contract between the owner and the engineering and construction parties. As a rule, an engineering project is broken down into design and construction phases. The outputs of the design process are drawings, calculations, and all other design documentation necessary to carry out the next phase. The next phase would normally be sending the project plans to a developer who will then help construct the plans (building).^[4]

Project management[link]

In project management a project consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result.^[5] Another definition is a management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case.

Project objectives define target status at the end of the project, reaching of which is considered necessary for the achievement of planned benefits. They can be formulated as SMART criteria^[6]: Specific, Measurable (or at least evaluable) achievement, Achievable (recently Agreed-to or Acceptable are used regularly as well), realistic (given the current state of organizational resources) and Time terminated (bounded). The evaluation (measurement) occurs at the project closure. However a continuous guard on the project progress should be kept by monitoring and evaluating. It is also worth noting that SMART is best applied for incremental type innovation projects.^{[citation needed]} For radical type projects it does not apply as well. Goals for such projects tend to be broad, qualitative, stretch/unrealistic and success driven.

Examples of notable projects[link]

• Human Genome Project which mapped the human genome
• Manhattan Project, which developed the first nuclear weapon
• Polaris missile project: an ICBM control-system
• Project Apollo, which landed humans on the moon
• Soviet atomic bomb project
• Soviet manned lunar projects and programs
• Project-706
• Great Pyramid of Giza

See also[link]

Look up project in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Real Estate Projects by Tata Housing Development Company
• Cone of Uncertainty
• Megaproject
• Program management
• Project governance
• Project Management Institute (PMI)
• Project management software
• Project planning
• Small-scale Project Management

References[link]

Patrick Houston, better known as Project Pat is an American rapper originating from Memphis, Tennessee. He is the older brother of Juicy J, co-founder of the Three 6 Mafia.^[1]

Discography[link]

• 1999: Ghetty Green
• 2000: Murderers & Robbers (collection of earlier recordings)
• 2001: Mista Don't Play: Everythangs Workin'
• 2002: Layin' da Smack Down
• 2006: Crook by da Book: The Fed Story
• 2007: Walkin' Bank Roll
• 2009: Real Recognize Real
• 2011: Loud Pack
• 2012: Mista Don't Play 2

References[link]

External links[link]

• Project Pat at IMDB
• Project Pat website

Maurice Young (born September 27, 1973), better known by his stage name Trick Daddy, is an American rapper and producer.

Music career[link]

Trick appeared on the track "Scarred" by former 2 Live Crew member, he worked with Luther "Luke" Campbell, Produced by Darren "DJ Spin" Rudnick, from Luke's 1996 album Uncle Luke. The song became a hit and immediately caught the attention of fans and record producers alike. Ted Lucas, a former concert promoter and then-CEO of Slip-n-Slide Records, signed the rapper to the newly formed record label. Slip-n-Slide released Trick Daddy Dollars's debut album Based on a True Story in 1997; the album was popular in the Miami area.^[1]

In 1998, when his next album www.thug.com was released, Trick removed "Dollars" from his stage name. Club-oriented track "Nann Nigga", featuring Trina, became a national hit, peaking at the third spot of the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart.^[2] Atlantic Records signed Trick Daddy to the label in 2000 and released Book of Thugs: Chapter AK Verse 47 that year. "Shut Up", which Jason Birchmeier of allmusic considered "a rowdy club hit similar to 'Nann Nigga'",^[1] followed "Nann" as the next single; featured guests on "Shut Up" were Deuce Poppito, Trina, and Co.

Thugs Are Us, released in 2001, featured the hit single "I'm a Thug" (released March 20, 2001) which reached #17 on the Billboard Hot 100.^[2] His fifth album Thug Holiday boasted "In da Wind", which Birchmeier believed was Trick Daddy's most creative single.^[1] In 2004, Thug Matrimony: Married To The Streets was released, with hit single "Let's Go", produced by Lil Jon, featuring Twista, and sampling the guitar riffs from the Ozzy Osbourne hit "Crazy Train".^[1] That year, Trick Daddy guest-performed on the Ying Yang Twins' "What's Happnin!", which reached #30 on the Hot 100, #7 on the Rhythmic Top 40, and #9 on the Hot Rap Singles.^[3] "Let's Go" peaked on #7 on the Hot 100, #4 on the Rhythmic Top 40, and #4 on Hot Rap Tracks.^[2] Back By Thug Demand followed in 2006,^[1] with singles "Bet That" and "Tuck Ya Ice" charting on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart.^[2]. This album launched the career of Trick Daddy's Group, Dunk Ryders with their record "Damn Right" featuring Dray Skky, and Trick's Joint Venture Label Deal with Cash Money Records.

Following Back By Thug Demand, Trick Daddy appeared on several singles by DJ Khaled: "Born-N-Raised" in 2006 from Listennn... the Album in 2006, "I'm So Hood" from We the Best, and "Out Here Grindin'" from We Global in 2008, all among numerous other rappers. "Born-N-Raised" peaked at #83 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, and "I'm So Hood" peaked at #19 on the Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Rap Tracks.^[4] He appeared on Pitbull's 2007 album The Boatlift.^[5] Trick Daddy left Slip-n-Slide in 2008 and released his 8th studio album Finally Famous: Born a Thug Still a Thug on September 25, 2009, under his own Dunk Ryder Records. In late 2010 Trick Daddy formed a new label Trick Daddy Music Group, signing fellow rappers Kasino, A-Dot, Dutch Dirty and 2T to the roster. Trick Daddy is currently working on a new album to be released in 2012 under his new label. Recently he has released a single featuring Young Jeezy, called "I Can't Leave These Streets Alone", and then was featured on the track "This Is For You", from Jeezy's latest album, Thug Motivation 103: Hustlerz Ambition, released in December 2011.

Film career[link]

In 2009 Trick Daddy appeared in the film Just Another Day playing Roman, a shifty and horny drug dealer. The film is about the intersecting lives of an aspiring rapper and an old successful rapper over the course of one day.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life[link]

Trick Daddy announced that he has lupus, which has affected his skin, and that he has stopped taking medication to combat the disease.^[6] The rapper's rationale for refusing treatment was that "Because for every medicine they gave me I had to take a test or another medicine every thirty days or so to make sure that medicine wasn’t causing side effects dealing with kidney or liver failure…I just said all together I ain’t taking no medicine."^[7]

Discography[link]

• 1997: Based on a True Story
• 1998: www.thug.com
• 2000: Book of Thugs: Chapter AK Verse 47
• 2001: Thugs Are Us
• 2002: Thug Holiday
• 2004: Thug Matrimony: Married to the Streets
• 2006: Back by Thug Demand
• 2009: Finally Famous: Born a Thug, Still a Thug
• TBA: www.thug.com2^[8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Dunk Ryder Records
• Trick Daddy at Atlantic Records

Steven M. Greer
Born	(1955-06-28) June 28, 1955 (age 56) Charlotte, North Carolina
Occupation	Physician Ufologist

Steven M. Greer (June 28, 1955) is an American physician and ufologist who founded the Orion Project and The Disclosure Project.

Biography[link]

Greer claims that he is a contactee who has coined the term "close encounter of the fifth kind" to describe human-initiated contact with extraterrestrials.^[1]

The Disclosure Project[link]

The Disclosure Project is a nonprofit research project started by Greer in 1992 that exposes the existence of a US government cover-up of information relating to unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The Disclosure Project has been well-received by UFO enthusiasts, with speeches from Greer and various other witnesses being presented at various UFO-themed conferences. Greer has held press conferences and embarked on a continuing series of lectures and television appearances trying to raise popular support.^[2]

Mainstream media coverage of the group mostly centered around a 2001 conference at the National Press Club^[3] which was described by an attending BBC reporter as the strangest he had ever seen.^[4] Greer convened the conference with more than 100 other contactees offering testimony. Among the contactees were "...about 20 former government workers, many of them military and security officials, who stepped forward...and called for congressional hearings about such sightings."^[5] Such arguments were met with by derision by skeptics and spokespeople for the U. S. Air Force who maintain that there is no convincing evidence for the speculation that UFOs are alien spacecraft.^[6][7]

Media appearances[link]

Greer has appeared on Larry King Live,^[8] CBS, BBC, NTV in Japan, Sightings, Encounters, Ancient Aliens on the History Channel, Coast to Coast AM,^[9] the Art Bell show, the Armstrong Williams radio show and hosts an Internet radio segment called "Conversations with Dr. Steven Greer". He is also very present at ufosearchonline.com.^[10]

Publications[link]

• Contact: Countdown to Transformation 2009. ISBN 0-9673238-3-1.
• Hidden Truth - Forbidden Knowledge 2006. ISBN 0-9673238-2-7.
• Disclosure : Military and Government Witnesses Reveal the Greatest Secrets in Modern History 2001. ISBN 0-9673238-1-9.
• Extraterrestrial Contact: The Evidence and Implications 1999. ISBN 0-9673238-0-0.

References[link]

v t e UFOs and ufology Index of ufology articles Notable incidents List of aircraft-UFO incidents List of UFO sightings in outer space Aurora (1897) Roswell (1947) Washington (1952) Tehran (1976) Rendlesham Forest (1980) Japan Air Lines (1986) Belgian UFO wave (1990) Phoenix Lights (1997) 21st century Mexico (2004) Tinley Park Lights (2004-2006) O'Hare Airport (2006) Alderney (2007) Stephenville (2008) Turkey (2008) Wales (2008) Norway (2009) Harbour Mille (2010) Vancouver, Washington (2011) Sightings by country Argentina Australia Belarus Belgium Brazil Canada China France Indonesia Iran Iraq Italy Mexico New Zealand Norway Philippines Portugal Russia South Africa Spain (Canary Islands) Sweden United Kingdom United States Hypothesis and studies UFO hypotheses (Extraterrestrial hypothesis) Project Blue Book Condon Report COMETA Report List of notable studies in ufology Identification studies of UFOs Types Black triangle Fastwalkers Flying saucer Foo fighter Ghost rockets Green fireballs Mystery airship UFO conspiracy theory Majestic 12 Area 51 Bob Lazar Men in Black Project Serpo Disclosure Project Culture UFO Culture UFO religion List of UFO religions UFOs in fiction Involvement Government responses Organizations Ufologists Abduction Contactee Topics Declassification of UFO documents Skeptics List of skeptics and skeptical organizations Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since February 2007. Its tone or style may not reflect the formal tone used on Wikipedia. Tagged since February 2010. It needs to be updated. Tagged since February 2010.

Troy James Hurtubise (born November 23, 1963) (age 47^[1])(Hamilton, Ontario)^[2] is an inventor and conservationist from North Bay, Ontario, Canada noted for his often bizarre creations that he tests on himself in spectacular ways. Some of these inventions include the Ursus personal armor suit, firepaste (an ablative heatproofing material) various ray generators, and recently, Trojan, which is a type of body armor.

Early life and career[link]

After completing a grade 12 equivalent at Mohawk College in Hamilton, Ontario, Hurtubise enrolled in Natural Sciences at Sir Sandford Fleming College in 1987. He is married, and has one son. He previously ran a scrap metal business in North Bay, until he lost it due to financial difficulties.

History[link]

Hurtubise's obsession with bears began on August 4, 1984, when he was 20 years old and survived a skirmish with a grizzly bear he refers to as "the Old Man", while hiking near Humidity Creek in central British Columbia. The encounter had a profound effect on Hurtubise. Returning to his home province of Ontario, he decided to learn as much about grizzlies as he could. He realized, however, that due to the bear's fierce nature, it is very difficult to get close enough to study them without physical danger, and he believed that drugging the animal would have its own undesirable consequences.

One day after enrolling in a college program in November 1987, Hurtubise experienced an epiphany while watching RoboCop in his college dorm, which led to the Ursus series of protective suits. He decided to build a research suit that would be strong enough to survive a close encounter while preventing harm to the occupant. Such a robo-bear suit would allow him to study bear behavior from the bear's perspective.

Seven years and $150,000 later, Hurtubise had worked his way up to the Mark VI, the suit he believed could protect him from a grizzly. In order to test it, Hurtubise consulted with professors of physics and asked them how to simulate a bear attack. The entire experience was recorded as a National Film Board documentary and called Project Grizzly, with many memorable scenes in which Hurtubise tested the capabilities of the suit using himself as the test subject.^[3][4]

Hurtubise approached a tall, heavy biker and his colleagues, and paid them to attack him while wearing the suit, with baseball bats, splitting mauls, and wooden two by fours. The suit survived, as did Hurtubise, while the weapons were reduced to splinters. Other tests included an impact by a swinging 300-pound log, a feat that the Ripley's Believe It or Not! television program later attempted with a BMW. The suit additionally survived a fall off the side of an escarpment.

Project Grizzly[link]

Project Troy is the moniker given to the current stage of a 20-plus year effort undertaken by Hurtubise to develop protection suit technology. It began as a desire to create a suit capable of withstanding a bear attack, but the process has developed ideas and technologies whose purposes go beyond simple bear attack protection.

Some of the testing the 145-pound (65 kg) Ursus Mark VI underwent included live bear tests in British Columbia, Canada. After initial fear of the strange looking suit, the 545-kg (1200-lb) male Kodiak bear began tearing apart the chainmail. This made clear to Hurtubise that using less expensive butcher's chainmail from France instead of shark chainmail was not the best decision. The biggest safety concern with the Ursus Mark VI is that a bear is able to rip the helmet off of the suit.

The current iteration of the suit, the Ursus Mark VII, is the 6th prototype that uses a few of the concepts and technologies developed by Hurtubise. It was initially created using a large amount of titanium. While the titanium suit was strong yet not overly heavy, it still did not provide the amount of protection Hurtubise desired.^{[citation needed]} The suit was then entirely rebuilt to replace the titanium with stainless steel. The resulting suit is extremely strong, much stronger than the Mark VI, but due to its materials it now weighs a total of 84 kg (186 pounds), with the upper and lower halves each weighing 93 pounds. To solve the helmet issues found in the Mark VI, the Mark VII integrates the helmet into the upper portion of the suit, splitting it in half down the middle as the top half of the suit is opened. Like the Mark VI, the Mark VII is internally padded with a type of cushion Hurtubise developed which is soft enough to cushion serious blows, yet stiff and strong enough to handle extensive use.

The ultimate goal is the creation of a suit that would encompass all the concepts in their final form. This form would have the ability to protect against injury from riot, explosions, fire, and high velocity projectiles, and be light enough to allow for mobility (with a goal to weigh equal or less than the heaviest equipment a firefighter might wear, 130 pounds). When/if it happens, its main protective materials will include Hurtubise's 1313 paste, as well as his firepaste instead of titanium or steel.

Part of the project was documented as Project Grizzly, which was based on his book White Tape — An Authentic Behind The Scenes Look At Project Grizzly. He has appeared on numerous television programs such as Daily Planet, performed guest lecturing at schools of all levels including Harvard, has been interviewed on hundreds of radio programs from around the world, and has been written about in countless magazines and newspapers throughout the world. In 1998 Hurtubise won an Ig Nobel in Safety Engineering for his suit development.

Without any support from outside sources such as government or private investment and with previous business partners faltering, the project has bankrupted him once and almost cost him his marriage. But with the support of family and friends and with the backing of an investor, the Ursus Mark VII was completed and Project Troy was launched.

Firepaste[link]

Firepaste is a white paste that, when dry, is flame and heat resistant. It has a consistency and texture similar to clay when wet and dries into a gray ceramic material which resembles concrete. The impetus for firepaste came from a failed fire test with the Ursus Mark VII where the metal exoskeleton heated up, popped the air bags and left Hurtubise with numerous burns. Like Project Grizzly, Hurtubise has tested the material on himself. For a dramatic demonstration for the media and military in summer 2004, he made a thin mask of the material, put it over his face, and aimed a specialized blowtorch at thousands of degrees directly at the mask. The temperature was intentionally much hotter than the temperatures reached by the Space Shuttle on reentry. A thermometer located between his face and the mask measured no appreciable temperature change below the mask after nearly ten minutes, and the integrity of the material stood strong.^[5][6][7][8]

Hurtubise keeps the list of ingredients for his concoction secret, but during a segment aired on Discovery Channel's daily news show Daily Planet, he revealed one secret to be Diet Coke. Images from electron microscopes show that the particles in the paste are very porous, which makes it a good insulator. Other tests showed the paste contained lithium and bromine bound into compounds in the paste. Microscopically, it looks like a diatom absorbent, such as kitty-litter or any common industrial oil absorbent.

1313 Paste[link]

One of Hurtubise's latest projects has been the creation of a new paste that he has called 1313 and believes could be put to military use. It is a mixture of all his previous concoctions applied to a kevlar fiber pad and then subjected to a high pressure press for a day. The result is a board or tile-like panel. The panel is placed in layers with other materials such as tiles. The resulting composite material can withstand a direct assault by shotgun slugs, rifle fire, and enough high explosive to demolish a car, yet is quite inexpensive to manufacture.

At an enthusiastic demonstration taped by Daily Planet, Hurtubise displayed its capability to a Canadian military observer. In one of Hurtubise's demonstrations, the composite material was placed in cushions meant to be placed over the outside of a Humvee. In the tests, the material successfully blocked explosive charges greater than those of a rocket propelled grenade, although they were not shaped charges, and was able to block shot after shot on exactly the same point of impact by a sniper rifle (which is a feat no material in use by the U.S. nor any other military has matched in public demonstrations)^{[citation needed]}.

It is Hurtubise's desire to see military vehicles, currently in service in Afghanistan, equipped with such protection in order to stand up to a landmine explosion, which has already claimed the lives of Canadian soldiers serving there. That, along with his younger brother serving in the Canadian military, inspired the creation of 1313.^[9][10][11]

Angel Light[link]

More recently, Hurtubise said he designed what he calls the Angel Light, a large device that he claims can allow people to see through objects, detect stealth aircraft, see into flesh, and disable electronic devices. Hurtubise says that the design for the Angel Light came to him in a series of three dreams, and that he was able to build a working device from memory, without the aid of schematics.

According to Hurtubise, the device makes walls, hands, stealth shielding, and other objects transparent. He also claims that beams from the device have the side-effects of frying electronic devices and killing goldfish. After testing the device on his own hand, Hurtubise claims he could see his own blood vessels and muscle tissue as clearly as if the skin had been pulled back, but the beam caused numbness and he began to feel ill. He also claims to be able to read the license-plate on a car in his garage from his workshop, and can see the road salt on it.^[12][13][14] Hurtubise also claims to have tested the device covertly with the help of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology^{[citation needed]}.

After he discovered that it had harmful effects, he dismantled it. Hurtubise, however, said the French government sent agents to North Bay to witness a demonstration of the Angel Light. He said the reps were so impressed with the device they gave him $40,000 in cash to finish it. The French, Hurtubise adds, have also agreed to pay him a “substantial” amount of money to use the technology if it passes rigorous tests in France.

Trojan armour[link]

In early 2007, Hurtubise made public his new protective suit which was designed to be worn by soldiers. Calling it the "Trojan Ballistics Suit of Armor", Hurtubise describes it as the "first ballistic, full exoskeleton body suit of armour." Weighing in at 40 lbs, he claims that the suit can withstand bullets from high powered weapons (including an elephant gun). Hurtubise claims that he has been unable to test the suit against live ammunition because no one is willing to shoot him in it. It also features a knife holster and air conditioned helmet.^[15][16]

The suit has many features including a solar powered air system, recording device, compartments for emergency morphine and salt, and a knife and gun holster. He estimates that the cost of each suit to be roughly $2,000 if mass produced. It has been called the Halo suit, after the fictional MJOLNIR battle armor worn by the Master Chief character in the Xbox and PC game series HALO.^[17]

In early February, after failing to receive any offers to buy the Trojan, Hurtubise, now bankrupt from the expense of creating the suit, was forced to put the prototype up for auction on eBay in the hopes that it would bring in enough money to sustain his family.^[18] The auction's reserve bid was not met.^[19] There was a raffle for the suit on the Mission Trojan website, whose goal is to raise money for further prototypes and testing of the Trojan Suit to demonstrate its abilities for military applications.^[20] The suit was won by Sara Markis of Florida who re-donated the prototype back to Hurtubise for work on his next prototype.^{[citation needed]}

The money raised from the raffle of the Trojan T model armour was used to finance the Trojan S type armour. This new model is superior to the T model in many ways as detailed on his website and YouTube channel. The new type S armour purports to be lighter, tougher, more flexible, cheaper to produce and provide more complete body coverage than any other type of armour anywhere.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Troy Hurtubise at the Internet Movie Database
• Grizzly/ Troy Hurtubise at the Internet Movie Database
• Troy Youtube Channel