Holiday

Wednesday, 19 September 2012

Holiday (1938) - Katharine Hepburn - Cary Grant

Stars - A video tribute to Holiday (1938)

Back in your own Backyard - Billie Holiday 1938

Holiday (1938) : The Classical Review by Jessica Kellgren-Hayes

78rpm: Any Old Time - Art Shaw and his Orchestra w/Billie Holiday, 1938 - Bluebird 7759

September Song from Kurt Weill's KNICKERBOCKER HOLIDAY - Stephen Bryant

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Baltimore
Baltimore () is the largest independent city in the United States and the largest city and cultural center of the U.S. state of Maryland. The city is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City in order to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County. Founded in 1729, Baltimore is a major U.S. seaport and is situated closer to major Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. The harbor is now home to Harborplace, a shopping, entertainment, and tourist center, and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital are now the city's largest employers.
http://wn.com/Baltimore
Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge, Dutch: ) was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
http://wn.com/Belgian_Congo
Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan, New York City.Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U.S.A. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
http://wn.com/Broadway_theatre
Cannes Film Festival
http://wn.com/Cannes_Film_Festival
Connecticut
Connecticut () (state code CT) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and New York to the west and south (because various islands of New York span Connecticut's entire coast).
http://wn.com/Connecticut
Cort Theatre
The Cort Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 138 West 48th Street in midtown-Manhattan. The Shubert Organization purchased the theatre in 1927, two years before Cort's death.
http://wn.com/Cort_Theatre
Fenwick, Connecticut
Fenwick is a borough in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States, in the town of Old Saybrook. The population was 52 at the 2000 census, making it the least populous municipality in Connecticut. It is a popular summer colony. Most of the borough is included in Fenwick Historic District, a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1995, the district included 66 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.
http://wn.com/Fenwick_Connecticut
Hartford Hospital
Hartford Hospital is an acute care hospital located in the South End of Hartford, Connecticut, CT. The hospital was formed in 1854 after the State of Connecticut granted a charter for the Formation of Hartford Hospital following a boiler explosion and resulting fire at the Fales and Grey Car Works resulting in 19 deaths and 23 people seriously injured. The hospital campus is located on Seymour Street in Hartford, and is directly adjacent to the main campus of the Connecticut Children's Medical Center.
http://wn.com/Hartford_Hospital
Hartford Stage
Hartford Stage, located in Hartford, Connecticut, is one of the leading resident theatres in the United States, known internationally for entertaining and enlightening audiences with a wide range of the best of world drama, from classics to provocative new plays and musicals and neglected works from the past. The theatre has earned many of the nation's most distinguished awards, including the Regional Theatre Tony Award, the Margo Jones Award for Development of New Works, OBIE awards, a New York Critics Circle award, a Dramatists Guild/CBS Award and an Elliot Norton Award.
http://wn.com/Hartford_Stage
Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
http://wn.com/Hollywood
Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound (colloquially referred to as the Sound) is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean and numerous rivers located in the United States between Connecticut to the north and Long Island, New York to the south. The mouth of the Connecticut River at Old Saybrook, Connecticut, empties into the sound. On its western end the sound is bounded to the north by Westchester County, New York and the Bronx, and connects to the East River. On its eastern end it opens to Block Island Sound.
http://wn.com/Long_Island_Sound
Sotheby's
'''Sotheby's''' is the world's fourth oldest auction house in continuous operation.
http://wn.com/Sotheby's
Venice Film Festival
The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice, Italy. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi. It is one of the world's most prestigious film festivals and is part of the Venice Biennale, a major biennial exhibition and festival for contemporary art.
http://wn.com/Venice_Film_Festival

A. Scott Berg
Andrew Scott Berg (born December 4, 1949) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American biographer. After graduating from Princeton University in 1971, Berg expanded his senior thesis, about editor Maxwell Perkins, into a full-length biography. (1978) won a National Book Award, and his second book, Goldwyn: A Biography, was published in 1989. Berg's third book, a highly anticipated biography of aviator Charles Lindbergh, was published in 1998. Lindbergh became a New York Times Best Seller, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. In 2003, Berg published Kate Remembered, a biography-cum-memoir about his friendship with actress Katharine Hepburn that received mixed reviews. He is currently researching a biography of Woodrow Wilson.
http://wn.com/A_Scott_Berg
Adolph Green
http://wn.com/Adolph_Green
Albert Schweitzer
http://wn.com/Albert_Schweitzer
André Previn
http://wn.com/André_Previn
Anjelica Huston
Anjelica Huston (; born July 8, 1951) is an American actress. Huston became the third generation of her family to win an Academy Award, for her performance in 1985's ''Prizzi's Honor, joining her father, director John Huston, and grandfather, actor Walter Huston. She later was nominated in 1989 and 1990 for her acting in Enemies, a Love Story and The Grifters respectively. Among her roles, she starred as Morticia Addams in The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values'' (1993), receiving Golden Globe nominations for both. More recently, she is known for her frequent collaborations with director Wes Anderson.
http://wn.com/Anjelica_Huston
Anne Bancroft
http://wn.com/Anne_Bancroft
Annette Bening
Annette Francine Bening (born May 29, 1958) is an American actress. Her break-through role in The Grifters was followed with critically acclaimed roles in films such as Bugsy and American Beauty. In 1992, she married American actor and director Warren Beatty, with whom she has four children.
http://wn.com/Annette_Bening
Anouk Aimée
http://wn.com/Anouk_Aimée
Anthony Quinn
:For other people named Anthony Quinn see Anthony Quinn (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/Anthony_Quinn
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and pianist commonly referred to as The Queen of Soul. Although renowned for her soul recordings, Franklin is also adept at jazz, blues, R&B; and gospel music. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Franklin No. 1 on its list of The Greatest Singers of All Time.
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin
Arthur Hopkins
http://wn.com/Arthur_Hopkins
Audrey Hepburn
http://wn.com/Audrey_Hepburn
Ava Gardner
actor
http://wn.com/Ava_Gardner
B.B. King
Riley B. King (born September 16, 1925), known by the stage name B.B. King, is an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter acclaimed for his expressive singing and guitar playing.
http://wn.com/BB_King
Barbara Barrie
Barbara Barrie (born May 23, 1931) is an American actress and author of children's books.
http://wn.com/Barbara_Barrie
Barbara Bel Geddes
http://wn.com/Barbara_Bel_Geddes
Barbara Stanwyck
Barbara Stanwyck (July 16, 1907 – January 20, 1990) was an American actress, a film and television star, known during her 60-year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong screen presence, and a favorite of directors including Cecil B. DeMille, Fritz Lang and Frank Capra. After a short stint as a stage actress, she made 85 films in 38 years in Hollywood, before turning to television.
http://wn.com/Barbara_Stanwyck
Barbra Streisand
Barbra Streisand ( ; born Barbara Joan Streisand, April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, director, and songwriter. She has won two Academy Awards, eight Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.
http://wn.com/Barbra_Streisand
Benny Carter
Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003) was an American jazz alto saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. He was a major figure in jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s, and was recognized as such by other jazz musicians who called him King. In 1958, he performed with Billie Holiday at the legendary Monterey Jazz Festival.
http://wn.com/Benny_Carter
Bernadette Peters
Bernadette Peters (born Bernadette Lazzara on February 28, 1948) is an American actress, singer and children's book author from New York City. Over the course of a career that has spanned five decades, she has starred in musical theatre, films and television, as well as performing in solo concerts and recordings. She is one of the most critically-acclaimed Broadway performers, having received nominations for seven Tony Awards, winning two, and eight Drama Desk Awards, winning three. Four of the Broadway cast albums on which she has starred have won Grammy Awards.
http://wn.com/Bernadette_Peters
Bette Davis
http://wn.com/Bette_Davis
Bette Midler
Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, actress and comedian, also known (by her informal stage name) as The Divine Miss M. She has starred in live-action films such as Ruthless People, Beaches and Hocus Pocus, as well as featuring in animated films such as Oliver & Company and Fantasia 2000.
http://wn.com/Bette_Midler
Betty Comden
Betty Comden (May 3, 1917 November 23, 2006) was one-half of the musical-comedy duo Comden and Green, who provided lyrics, libretti, and screenplays to some of the most beloved and successful Hollywood musicals and Broadway shows of the mid-20th century. Her writing partnership with Adolph Green lasted for six decades, during which time they collaborated with other leading entertainment figures such as the famed "Freed Unit" at MGM, Jule Styne and Leonard Bernstein.
http://wn.com/Betty_Comden
Beverly Sills
http://wn.com/Beverly_Sills
Billy Wilder
Billy Wilder (22 June 190627 March 2002) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist, and journalist, whose career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywood's golden age. Wilder is one of only five people who have won three Academy Awards for producing, directing and writing the same film (The Apartment).
http://wn.com/Billy_Wilder
Bob Dylan
http://wn.com/Bob_Dylan
Brenda Blethyn
Brenda Anne Blethyn, OBE (born 20 February 1946) is an English actress and author who has worked in theatre, television, and film.
http://wn.com/Brenda_Blethyn
Burt Lancaster
http://wn.com/Burt_Lancaster
Buster Keaton
http://wn.com/Buster_Keaton
Candice Bergen
Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress and former fashion model.
http://wn.com/Candice_Bergen
Carol Burnett
Carol Creighton Burnett (born April 26, 1933) is an American actress, comedienne, singer, dancer and writer. Burnett started her career in New York. After becoming a hit on Broadway, she debuted on television. After successful appearances on The Garry Moore Show, Carol moved to Los Angeles and began an eleven-year run on The Carol Burnett Show which was aired on CBS television from 1967 to 1978. With roots in vaudeville, The Carol Burnett Show was a variety show combining comedy sketches, song, and dance. The comedy sketches ranged from film parodies to character pieces which featured the many talents of Burnett herself who created and played several well-known and distinctive characters.
http://wn.com/Carol_Burnett
Carol Channing
Carol Elaine Channing (born January 31, 1921) is an American singer and actress. She is the recipient of three Tony Awards (including one for lifetime achievement), a Golden Globe and an Oscar nomination. Channing is best remembered for originating, on Broadway, the musical-comedy roles of bombshell Lorelei Lee in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and matchmaking widow Dolly Gallagher Levi in Hello, Dolly!.
http://wn.com/Carol_Channing
Carol Lawrence
Carol Lawrence (born September 5, 1932) is an American actress most often associated with musical theatre.
http://wn.com/Carol_Lawrence
Carole Lombard
Carole Lombard (October 6, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American actress. She was particularly noted for her comedic roles in several classic films of the 1930s, most notably in the 1936 film My Man Godfrey. She is listed as one of the American Film Institute's greatest stars of all time and was the highest-paid star in Hollywood in the late 1930s, earning around US$500,000 per year (more than five times the salary of the US President). Lombard's career was cut short when she died at the age of 33 in the crash of TWA Flight 3.
http://wn.com/Carole_Lombard
Carroll Baker
Carroll Baker (born May 28, 1931) is an American actress who has enjoyed popularity as both a serious dramatic actress and, particularly in the 1960s, as a movie sex symbol. Despite being cast in a wide range of roles during her heyday, Baker's beautiful features, blonde hair, and distinctive drawl made her particularly memorable in roles as a brash, flamboyant women.
http://wn.com/Carroll_Baker
Cary Grant
Archibald Alexander Leach (January 18, 1904 – November 29, 1986), better known by his stage name Cary Grant, was an English-American actor. With his distinctive yet not quite placeable Mid-Atlantic accent, he was noted as perhaps the foremost exemplar of the debonair leading man: handsome, virile, charismatic, and charming.
http://wn.com/Cary_Grant
Catherine Zeta-Jones
Catherine Zeta-Jones, CBE ( "zeeta"; born 25 September 1969), is a Welsh actress, currently based in the United States. She began her career on stage at an early age. After starring in a number of UK and US television films and small roles in films, she came to prominence with roles in Hollywood movies such as The Mask of Zorro and Entrapment in the late 1990s. She won an Academy Award, BAFTA Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for portraying Velma Kelly in the 2002 film adaptation of the musical Chicago. In 2010 she won the Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Desiree in A Little Night Music.
http://wn.com/Catherine_Zeta-Jones
Charles Boyer
Charles Boyer (28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976. After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in movies during the 1930s. His most famous role was opposite Ingrid Bergman in the 1944 mystery-thriller Gaslight. Other memorable performances were among the era's highly praised romantic dramas, Algiers (1938) and Love Affair (1939). He received four Academy Award nominations for Best Actor.
http://wn.com/Charles_Boyer
Charles Busch
Charles Louis Busch (born August 23, 1954) is an American actor, screen-writer, author, dramatist and female impersonator, known for his many appearances on film and in off-Broadway productions.
http://wn.com/Charles_Busch
Charlie Chaplin
actor
http://wn.com/Charlie_Chaplin
Charlize Theron
Charlize Theron (; born August 7, 1975) is a South African actress, film producer and former fashion model.
http://wn.com/Charlize_Theron
Charlotte Chandler
Charlotte Chandler (the pen name of Lyn Erhard) is an American biographer and playwright who has written biographies of Groucho Marx, Federico Fellini, Billy Wilder, Bette Davis, Joan Crawford and Alfred Hitchcock. Her work often features loquacious, unfamiliar quotations by deceased celebrities whom Chandler claims to have personally interviewed, although the statements occasionally contradict those already in print.
http://wn.com/Charlotte_Chandler
Charlton Heston
Charlton Heston (October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor of film, theatre and television.
http://wn.com/Charlton_Heston
Cher
Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian on May 20, 1946) is an American recording artist, actress, director and record producer. Referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, three Golden Globes, a Cannes Film Festival Award and a People's Choice Award for her work in film, music and television.
http://wn.com/Cher
Cicely Tyson
Cicely Tyson (born December 19, 1933) is an American actress. A successful stage actress, Tyson is also known for appearances in the film Sounder and the television specials The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman and Roots.
http://wn.com/Cicely_Tyson
Claire Danes
Claire Catherine Danes (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress of television, stage and film. She is best known for her roles as Angela Chase in My So-Called Life, as Juliet in Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet, as Yvaine in Stardust, and as Temple Grandin in the HBO TV movie Temple Grandin.
http://wn.com/Claire_Danes
Claire Trevor
http://wn.com/Claire_Trevor
Clara Wieck Schumann
http://wn.com/Clara_Wieck_Schumann
Clark Gable
William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 – November 16, 1960) was an American film actor, nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Gable seventh among the greatest male stars of all time.
http://wn.com/Clark_Gable
Claudette Colbert
http://wn.com/Claudette_Colbert
Cloris Leachman
http://wn.com/Cloris_Leachman
Coco Chanel
http://wn.com/Coco_Chanel
Constance Collier
Constance Collier (22 January 1878 – 25 April 1955) was a British-born American film actress and acting coach.
http://wn.com/Constance_Collier
David Lean
Sir David Lean CBE (25 March 190816 April 1991) was a British filmmaker, producer, screenwriter and editor, best remembered for big-screen epics such as The Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia,
http://wn.com/David_Lean
David O. Selznick
David O. Selznick, born David Selznick (May 10, 1902 – June 22, 1965), was an American film producer. He is best known for producing Gone with the Wind (1939) and Rebecca (1940), both of which earned him an Oscar for Best Picture.
http://wn.com/David_O_Selznick
Debbie Reynolds
Debbie Reynolds (born April 1, 1932) is an American actress, singer, and dancer who was an MGM contract star. She is also a collector of movie memorabilia.
http://wn.com/Debbie_Reynolds
Diane Keaton
Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall; January 5, 1946) is an American film actress, director, producer, and writer. Keaton began her career on stage, and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.
http://wn.com/Diane_Keaton
Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer.
http://wn.com/Dizzy_Gillespie
Dominique Sanda
Dominique Sanda (born 11 March 1948) is a French actress and former fashion model.
http://wn.com/Dominique_Sanda
Dora Bryan
Dora May Bryan OBE (born 7 February 1923) is an actress of stage, film and television, possibly best-known for her role as Roz in the British television series Last of the Summer Wine.
http://wn.com/Dora_Bryan
Dorothy Parker
http://wn.com/Dorothy_Parker
Drew Barrymore
Drew Blyth Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, film producer and film director. She is a member of the Barrymore family of American actors and granddaughter of John Barrymore. She first appeared in an advertisement when she was eleven months old. Barrymore made her film debut in Altered States in 1980. Afterwards, she starred in her breakout role in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. She quickly became one of Hollywood's most recognized child actors, going on to establish herself in mainly comic roles.
http://wn.com/Drew_Barrymore
Eddie Cantor
http://wn.com/Eddie_Cantor
Edgar Bergen
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen
Edith Evans
Dame Edith Mary Evans, DBE (8 February 1888 – 14 October 1976) was a British actress. She was known for her work on the British stage. She also appeared in a number of films, for which she received three Academy Award nominations, plus a BAFTA and a Golden Globe award.
http://wn.com/Edith_Evans
Edward Albee
http://wn.com/Edward_Albee
Edward Villella
Edward Villella (born October 1, 1936, Bayside, New York) is an American ballet dancer and choreographer, frequently cited as America's most celebrated male dancer.
http://wn.com/Edward_Villella
Edwin H. Knopf
http://wn.com/Edwin_H_Knopf
Eleanor of Aquitaine
http://wn.com/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine
Elizabeth Taylor
Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (born 27 February 1932), also known as Liz Taylor, is an English-American actress. She is known for her acting talent and beauty, as well as her Hollywood lifestyle, including many marriages. Taylor is considered one of the great actresses of Hollywood's golden age.
http://wn.com/Elizabeth_Taylor
Ella Fitzgerald
http://wn.com/Ella_Fitzgerald
Ellen Burstyn
Ellen Burstyn (born December 7, 1932) is an American actress, who has worked in film, stage and television.
http://wn.com/Ellen_Burstyn
Ethel Merman
http://wn.com/Ethel_Merman
Eugene O'Neill
'''Eugene Gladstone O'Neill''' (16 October 1888 – 27 November 1953) was an American playwright, and Nobel laureate in Literature. His plays are among the first to introduce into American drama the techniques of realism, associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. His plays were among the first to include speeches in American vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society, engaging in depraved behavior, where they struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair. O'Neill wrote only one well-known comedy (Ah, Wilderness!). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.
http://wn.com/Eugene_O'Neill
Euripides
http://wn.com/Euripides
Fayard Nicholas
http://wn.com/Fayard_Nicholas
Faye Dunaway
Faye Dunaway (born January 14, 1941) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Faye_Dunaway
Frances McDormand
Frances Louise McDormand (born June 23, 1957) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1996 for her role as Marge Gunderson in Fargo.
http://wn.com/Frances_McDormand
Frank Capra
Frank Russell Capra (May 18, 1897 – September 3, 1991) was a Sicilian-born American film director and a creative force behind a number of films of the 1930s and 1940s, including It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Lost Horizon (1937), ''You Can't Take It With You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), Meet John Doe (1941), Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) and It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946).
http://wn.com/Frank_Capra
Frank Sinatra
http://wn.com/Frank_Sinatra
Fred Astaire
Fred Astaire (May 10, 1899 – June 22, 1987), born Frederick Austerlitz, was an American film and Broadway stage dancer, choreographer, singer and actor. His stage and subsequent film career spanned a total of 76 years, during which he made 31 musical films. He was named the fifth Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. He is particularly associated with Ginger Rogers, with whom he made ten films.
http://wn.com/Fred_Astaire
Fred Ebb
http://wn.com/Fred_Ebb
Garson Kanin
Garson Kanin (November 24, 1912 – March 13, 1999) was an American writer and director of plays and films.
http://wn.com/Garson_Kanin
Gary Cooper
http://wn.com/Gary_Cooper
Gene Kelly
Eugene Curran "Gene" Kelly (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996) was an American dancer, actor, singer, film director and producer, and choreographer. A major exponent of 20th century filmed dance, Kelly was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks and the likeable characters that he played on screen.
http://wn.com/Gene_Kelly
George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950) was an Irish playwright and a co-founder of the London School of Economics. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism, his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60 plays. Nearly all his writings deal sternly with prevailing social problems, but have a vein of comedy to make their stark themes more palatable. Shaw examined education, marriage, religion, government, health care, and class privilege.
http://wn.com/George_Bernard_Shaw
George Cukor
http://wn.com/George_Cukor
George Stevens
http://wn.com/George_Stevens
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
http://wn.com/George_W_Bush
Geraldine Page
http://wn.com/Geraldine_Page
Ginger Rogers
http://wn.com/Ginger_Rogers
Glenn Close
Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is an American actress and singer of stage and screen, known for her roles as a femme fatale (the scheming marchioness of Merteuil in Dangerous Liaisons (1988), and deranged stalker Alex Forrest in Fatal Attraction (1987). She is also known for playing Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians (1996), and its sequel 102 Dalmatians (2000). She has been more recently known for being in the FX TV series Damages. She has been nominated five times for an Oscar, and has won three Tonys, an Obie, three Emmys, two Golden Globes, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
http://wn.com/Glenn_Close
Goldie Hawn
Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born November 21, 1945) is an American actress, film director, producer, and occasional singer. Hawn is known for her roles in ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Private Benjamin, Foul Play, Wildcats, Overboard, Bird on a Wire, Death Becomes Her, The First Wives Club, The Banger Sisters, and Cactus Flower'', for which she won the 1969 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She is also the mother of actors Oliver Hudson and Kate Hudson. Hawn has maintained a relationship with actor Kurt Russell since 1983.
http://wn.com/Goldie_Hawn
Grace Kelly
http://wn.com/Grace_Kelly
Graham Greene
http://wn.com/Graham_Greene
Gregory Peck
Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor.
http://wn.com/Gregory_Peck
Greta Garbo
Greta Garbo (18 September 1905 - 15 April 1990) was a Swedish actress primarily known for her work in the United States during Hollywood's silent film period and part of its subsequent Golden Age. Once moving to Hollywood, she appeared in only 27 movies, yet she remains one of the most popular and recognizable Hollywood stars. The MGM marketing ploy "Garbo talks" became a catch-phrase of the 1930s. Her popularity with the Depression-era audiences allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract in 1932, and she became increasingly choosy about her roles. After 1941, she accepted no more roles, and retired to an apartment in New York City.
http://wn.com/Greta_Garbo
Gwyneth Paltrow
Gwyneth Kate Paltrow (; born September 27, 1972) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Gwyneth_Paltrow
Halle Berry
Halle Berry (; born August 14, 1966) is an American actress, former fashion model, and beauty queen. Berry received an Emmy, Golden Globe, SAG, and an NAACP Image Award for Introducing Dorothy Dandridge and won an Academy Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for a BAFTA Award in 2001 for her performance in ''Monster's Ball'', becoming the first and, as of 2009, only woman of African American descent to have won the award for Best Actress. She is one of the most highly paid actresses in Hollywood and also a Revlon spokeswoman. She has also been involved in the production side of several of her films.
http://wn.com/Halle_Berry
Harold Nicholas
http://wn.com/Harold_Nicholas
Harold Prince
Harold Smith Prince (born January 30, 1928) is an American theatrical producer and director associated with many of the best-known Broadway musical productions of the past half-century. He has garnered twenty-one Tony Awards, more than any other individual, including eight for directing, eight for producing the year's Best Musical, two as Best Producer of a Musical, and three special awards. His shows are known for their political context, new approach to romance, and characters who sing and dance with thematic import.
http://wn.com/Harold_Prince
Helen Hunt
Helen Elizabeth Hunt (born June 15, 1963) is an American actress, film director, and screenwriter. She starred in the sitcom Mad About You for seven years, before being cast in the romantic comedy As Good As It Gets, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Some of her other Hollywood credits include Twister, Cast Away, What Women Want and Pay It Forward. She made her directorial debut in 2007 with Then She Found Me.
http://wn.com/Helen_Hunt
Henry Fonda
Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor.
http://wn.com/Henry_Fonda
Hilary Swank
http://wn.com/Hilary_Swank
Holly Hunter
Holly Paige Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress. Her films include Raising Arizona, Broadcast News, Always, and The Piano for which she won several acting awards, including an Academy Award for Best Actress. She also starred in the cable television series Saving Grace.
http://wn.com/Holly_Hunter
Howard Hawks
Howard Winchester Hawks (May 30, 1896 – December 26, 1977) was an American film director, producer and screenwriter of the classic Hollywood era. He is popular for his films from a wide range of genres such as Scarface (1932), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Only Angels Have Wings (1939), His Girl Friday (1940), Sergeant York (1941), The Big Sleep (1946), Red River (1948), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), Rio Bravo (1959), and El Dorado (1967).
http://wn.com/Howard_Hawks
Howard Hughes
http://wn.com/Howard_Hughes
Humphrey Bogart
http://wn.com/Humphrey_Bogart
Ingrid Bergman
http://wn.com/Ingrid_Bergman
Isabelle Huppert
http://wn.com/Isabelle_Huppert
Jack Lemmon
John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor. He starred in more than 60 films including Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, Mister Roberts (for which he won the 1955 Best Supporting Actor Academy Award), Days of Wine and Roses, The Great Race, Irma la Douce, The Odd Couple, Save the Tiger (for which he won the 1973 Best Actor Academy Award), The Out-of-Towners, The China Syndrome, Missing, Glengarry Glen Ross, Grumpy Old Men and Grumpier Old Men.
http://wn.com/Jack_Lemmon
Jacques d'Amboise
'''Jacques d'Amboise''' (born July 28, 1934) is a well-known American ballet dancer, choreographer, and film actor.
http://wn.com/Jacques_d'Amboise
James Cagney
James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899 – March 30, 1986) was an American film actor. Although he won acclaim and major awards for a wide variety of roles, he is best remembered for playing "tough guys." In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time.
http://wn.com/James_Cagney
James Dean
person
http://wn.com/James_Dean
James Stewart
http://wn.com/James_Stewart
Jamie Lee Curtis
Jamie Lee Curtis (born November 22, 1958) is an American actress and author. Although she was initially known as a "scream queen" because of her starring roles in many horror films early in her career, such as Halloween, The Fog, Prom Night and Terror Train, Curtis has since compiled a body of work that covers many genres. Her 1998 book, Today I Feel Silly, and Other Moods That Make My Day, made the best-seller list in The New York Times. Curtis has appeared in advertisements for Activia since 2007, and is a blogger for The Huffington Post online newspaper. She is married to actor, screenwriter, and director Christopher Guest.
http://wn.com/Jamie_Lee_Curtis
Jane Fonda
Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. She rose to fame in the 1960s with films such as Barbarella and Cat Ballou. She has won two Academy Awards and received several other awards and nominations. After 15 years of retirement, she returned to film in 2005 with Monster in Law followed by Georgia Rule two years later. She also produced and starred in several exercise videos released between 1982 and 1995.
http://wn.com/Jane_Fonda
Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor (October 6, 1906 – September 14, 1984) was an American actress.
http://wn.com/Janet_Gaynor
Jason Robards
Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor on stage and in film and television and a winner of the Tony Award (theatre), two Academy Awards (film) and the Emmy Award (television). He was also a United States Navy combat veteran of World War II.
http://wn.com/Jason_Robards
Jean Harlow
http://wn.com/Jean_Harlow
Jeanine Basinger
Jeanine Basinger (born 3 February 1936), a film historian, is Corwin-Fuller Professor of Film Studies and Founder and Curator of The Cinema Archives at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut. Scholars from around the world have full access to the The Cinema Archives, which document the film industry in the twentieth century and contain the papers and film related materials of Frank Capra, Ingrid Bergman, Elia Kazan, Gene Tierney, Martin Scorsese, Federico Fellini, Clint Eastwood, and many others.
http://wn.com/Jeanine_Basinger
Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau (; born 23 January 1928) is a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director.
http://wn.com/Jeanne_Moreau
Jed Harris
Jed Harris (born Jacob Hirsch Horowitz in Lviv, Austria-Hungary) (February 25, 1900 - November 15, 1979) was a renowned Austrian-American theater producer and director, and writer of film.
http://wn.com/Jed_Harris
Jessica Lange
Jessica Phyllis Lange (born April 20, 1949) is an American stage and screen actress. With a career that has spanned thirty-five years with 2 academy awards won and 6 nominations, she may be most notable for her performances in Frances, Tootsie, Sweet Dreams, Blue Sky, and Grey Gardens.
http://wn.com/Jessica_Lange
Jessica Tandy
Jessie Alice "Jessica" Tandy (7 June 1909 – 11 September 1994) was an English stage and film actress.
http://wn.com/Jessica_Tandy
Jessica Walter
Jessica Walter (born January 31, 1941) is an American actress, known for the film Play Misty for Me and for her role as Lucille Bluth on the sitcom Arrested Development. She recently had a starring role for the first half of season 1 of 90210. She currently does the voice for Mallory Archer in the FX animated series ''Archer.
http://wn.com/Jessica_Walter
Jessye Norman
http://wn.com/Jessye_Norman
Jill Clayburgh
Jill Clayburgh (born April 30, 1944) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Jill_Clayburgh
Joan Crawford
Joan Crawford (March 23, 1905 – May 10, 1977), born Lucille Fay LeSueur, was an American actress in film, television and theatre. Starting as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting on Broadway, Crawford was signed to a motion picture contract by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925. Initially frustrated by the size and quality of her parts, Crawford began a campaign of self-publicity and became nationally known as a flapper by the end of the 1920s. In the 1930s, Crawford's fame rivaled MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo. Crawford often played hardworking young women who find romance and financial success. These "rags-to-riches" stories were well-received by Depression-era audiences and were popular with women. Crawford became one of Hollywood's most prominent movie stars and one of the highest paid women in the United States, but her films began losing money and by the end of the 1930s she was labeled "box office poison".
http://wn.com/Joan_Crawford
Joan Rivers
Joan Alexandra Molinsky Sanger Rosenberg aka Joan Rivers (born June 8, 1933) is an American comedian, television personality and actress. She is known for her brash manner, her loud, raspy voice with a heavy New York accent, as well as her numerous cosmetic surgeries. Rivers's comic style relies heavily on poking fun at herself and other celebrities, mostly about their fashion sense. A documentary film about Rivers, , premiered at the San Francisco International Film Festival at the Castro Theatre on May 6, 2010.
http://wn.com/Joan_Rivers
Joanne Woodward
Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward (born February 27, 1930) is an Academy Award-winning American actress, television and theatrical producer, and widow of Paul Newman.
http://wn.com/Joanne_Woodward
Jodie Foster
Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress, film director and producer.
http://wn.com/Jodie_Foster
John Barrymore
http://wn.com/John_Barrymore
John Ford
Rear Admiral (reserve)
http://wn.com/John_Ford
John Kander
John Harold Kander (born March 18, 1927) is the American composer of a number of musicals as part of the songwriting team of Kander and Ebb.
http://wn.com/John_Kander
John Wayne
http://wn.com/John_Wayne
Johnny Carson
http://wn.com/Johnny_Carson
Johnny Cash
http://wn.com/Johnny_Cash
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
http://wn.com/Joseph_L_Mankiewicz
Judi Dench
Dame Judith Olivia "Judi" Dench, CH, DBE, FRSA (born 9 December 1934) is an English film, stage and television actress.
http://wn.com/Judi_Dench
Judith Anderson
http://wn.com/Judith_Anderson
Judith Jamison
Judith Anna Jamison (born May 10, 1943, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American dancer and choreographer, best known as the Artistic Director of Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.
http://wn.com/Judith_Jamison
Judy Davis
Judy Davis (born 23 April 1955) is an Australian actress best known for her roles in Husbands and Wives, Barton Fink, A Passage to India and in the TV mini series .
http://wn.com/Judy_Davis
Judy Garland
http://wn.com/Judy_Garland
Judy Holliday
Judy Holliday (June 21, 1921 – June 7, 1965) was an American actress.
http://wn.com/Judy_Holliday
Jule Styne
Jule Styne (December 31, 1905 – September 20, 1994) was a British-born American songwriter especially famous for a series of Broadway musicals, which included several very well known and frequently revived shows.
http://wn.com/Jule_Styne
Julia Roberts
Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967) is an American actress. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the 1990 romantic comedy Pretty Woman, which grossed $464 million worldwide. After receiving Academy Award nominations for Steel Magnolias in 1990 and Pretty Woman in 1991, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2001 for her performance in Erin Brockovich. Her films ''My Best Friend's Wedding, Mystic Pizza, Notting Hill, Runaway Bride, Valentine's Day, The Pelican Brief, Ocean's Eleven and Twelve'' have collectively brought box office receipts of over $2.4 billion, making her one of the most successful actors in terms of box office receipts.
http://wn.com/Julia_Roberts
Julianne Moore
Julianne Moore (born December 3, 1960) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Julianne_Moore
Julie Andrews
Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews, DBE ( Wells; born 1 October 1935) is an English film and stage actress, singer, and author. She is the recipient of Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, Screen Actors Guild and Academy Award honours. Andrews was a former British child actress and singer who made her Broadway debut in 1954 with The Boy Friend, and rose to prominence starring in other musicals such as My Fair Lady and Camelot, and in musical films such as Mary Poppins (1964), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and The Sound of Music (1965): the roles for which she is still best-known. Her voice spanned four octaves until it was damaged by a throat operation in 1997.
http://wn.com/Julie_Andrews
Julie Harris
Julia Ann "Julie" Harris (born December 2, 1925) is an American stage, screen, and television actress. She has won five Tony Awards, three Emmy Awards and a Grammy Award, and was nominated for an Academy Award. In 1994, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts. She is a member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame. She also received the 2002 Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award.
http://wn.com/Julie_Harris
Kate Mulgrew
Katherine Kiernan Maria "Kate" Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress, most famous for her roles on as Captain Kathryn Janeway and ''Ryan's Hope'' as Mary Ryan. She has performed in multiple television shows, theatre productions and movies, she has also earned multiple awards for her acting, including an Obie Award, a Golden Satellite Award and a Saturn Award. She has also been nominated for a Golden Globe Award. She is also an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's Metro Health System.
http://wn.com/Kate_Mulgrew
Katharine Hepburn
http://wn.com/Katharine_Hepburn
Katharine Houghton
http://wn.com/Katharine_Houghton
Kathy Bates
Kathleen Doyle "Kathy" Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director.
http://wn.com/Kathy_Bates
Kim Stanley
Kim Stanley (February 11, 1925 – August 20, 2001) was an American actress, primarily in theatre but with occasional film performances.
http://wn.com/Kim_Stanley
Kirk Douglas
http://wn.com/Kirk_Douglas
Kitty Winn
Kitty Winn (born February 21, 1944) is an award-winning American actress.
http://wn.com/Kitty_Winn
Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske September 16, 1924) is an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.
http://wn.com/Lauren_Bacall
Laurence Olivier
http://wn.com/Laurence_Olivier
Lawrence Weingarten
Lawrence Weingarten (December 30, 1897 - February 5, 1975) was an American film producer. He received the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award in 1973.
http://wn.com/Lawrence_Weingarten
Lee Grant
Lee Grant (born October 31, 1927) is an American theater, film and television actress, and film director who was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses in the 1950s. Grant won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Felicia Carp in the film Shampoo (1975).
http://wn.com/Lee_Grant
Leland Hayward
http://wn.com/Leland_Hayward
Leslie Caron
Leslie Claire Margaret Caron (; born 1 July 1931) is a French film actress and dancer, who appeared in 45 films between 1951 and 2003. Caron is best known for the musical films An American in Paris (1951), Lili (1953), Daddy Long Legs (1955), Gigi (1958), and for the non-musical films Fanny (1961), The L-Shaped Room (1962), and Father Goose (1964). She received two Academy Award nominations for Best Actress. She speaks French and English. She is one of the few dancers or actresses who can say that they have danced with Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, Mikhail Baryshnikov, and Rudolf Nureyev.
http://wn.com/Leslie_Caron
Lillian Gish
http://wn.com/Lillian_Gish
Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, pianist, percussionist, bandleader and actor. Like Red Norvo, he was one of the first jazz vibraphone players. Hampton ranks among the great names in jazz history, having worked with a who's who of jazz musicians, from Benny Goodman and Buddy Rich to Charlie Parker and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Lionel_Hampton
Liza Minnelli
Liza May Minnelli (born March 12, 1946) is an American singer and actress. She is the daughter of singer and actress Judy Garland and film director Vincente Minnelli.
http://wn.com/Liza_Minnelli
Louis B. Mayer
Louis Burt Mayer (1884 – October 29, 1957) was a Belarus-born American film producer. He is generally cited as the creator of the "star system" within Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in its golden years. Known always as Louis B. Mayer and often simply as "L.B.", he believed in wholesome entertainment and went to great lengths so that MGM had "more stars than there are in the heavens".
http://wn.com/Louis_B_Mayer
Louise Fletcher
Louise Fletcher (born July 22, 1934) is an American actress best known for her role as Nurse Ratched in ''One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest for which she won the Academy Award for best actress and as Kai Winn Adami in ''. More recently, she guest starred on the science fiction television series "Heroes".
http://wn.com/Louise_Fletcher
Lucille Ball
http://wn.com/Lucille_Ball
Maggie Smith
Dame Margaret Natalie Smith-Cross, DBE (born 28 December 1934), better known as Maggie Smith, is an English film, stage, and television actress who made her stage debut in 1952 and is still performing after 58 years. She has won numerous awards for acting, including five BAFTA Awards, two Academy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award.
http://wn.com/Maggie_Smith
Mamie Eisenhower
http://wn.com/Mamie_Eisenhower
Margaret Sanger
http://wn.com/Margaret_Sanger
Maria Tallchief
Maria Tallchief (born January 24, 1925) was the first American prima ballerina. From 1942 to 1947 she danced with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, but she is best known for her time with the New York City Ballet from 1947 to 1965.
http://wn.com/Maria_Tallchief
Marie-José Nat
http://wn.com/Marie-José_Nat
Marilyn Horne
Marilyn Horne (born January 16, 1934, Bradford, Pennsylvania) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer. She specialized in roles requiring a large sound, beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages.
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Horne
Marilyn Monroe
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Monroe
Marina Vlady
Marina Vlady (born Marina de Poliakoff-Baidaroff in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine on 10 May 1938) is a French actress.
http://wn.com/Marina_Vlady
Marion Williams
http://wn.com/Marion_Williams
Marlene Dietrich
http://wn.com/Marlene_Dietrich
Marlon Brando
http://wn.com/Marlon_Brando
Martha Raye
http://wn.com/Martha_Raye
Martin Scorsese
Martin Charles Scorsese (; born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film historian. He is the founder of the World Cinema Foundation and a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema, and has won awards from the Oscars, Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Directors Guild of America. Scorsese is president of The Film Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation.
http://wn.com/Martin_Scorsese
Marx Brothers
http://wn.com/Marx_Brothers
Mary Martin
http://wn.com/Mary_Martin
Mary Pickford
http://wn.com/Mary_Pickford
Mary Tyler Moore
Mary Tyler Moore (born December 29, 1936) is an American actress, primarily known for her roles in television sitcoms.
http://wn.com/Mary_Tyler_Moore
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (born as Mary Stewart and known in French as Marie Stuart; 8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587) was Scottish queen regnant from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. In lists of Scottish monarchs, she is recognised as Mary I.
http://wn.com/Mary_Queen_of_Scots
Maureen Stapleton
Maureen Stapleton (June 21, 1925 – March 13, 2006) was an American actress in film, theater and television. She was also elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Maureen_Stapleton
Meg Ryan
Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra (born November 19, 1961), professionally known as Meg Ryan, is an American actress and producer. Raised in Fairfield, Connecticut, Ryan began her acting career in 1981 in minor roles, before joining the cast of the CBS soap opera As the World Turns in 1982. Subsequently, she began to appear in supporting roles in big screen films during the mid-1980s, achieving recognition in several independent films such as Promised Land (1987), before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed cult comedy When Harry Met Sally... (1989) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination.
http://wn.com/Meg_Ryan
Melina Mercouri
Melina Mercouri (), born as Maria Amalia Mercouris (October 18, 1920, Athens, Greece – March 6, 1994, New York City, New York) was a Greek actress, singer and politician.
http://wn.com/Melina_Mercouri
Meryl Streep
Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented and respected actors of the modern era.
http://wn.com/Meryl_Streep
Michelle Pfeiffer
http://wn.com/Michelle_Pfeiffer
Mildred Natwick
http://wn.com/Mildred_Natwick
Molly Haskell
Molly Haskell (born 28 September 1939, Morehead City, North Carolina) is an American feminist film critic and author. Her most influential book is From Reverence to Rape: the Treatment of Women in the Movies (1974; revised and reissued in 1987). She also co-hosted Turner Classic Movies's The Essentials with Robert Osborne in 2006 for one season.
http://wn.com/Molly_Haskell
Monique Mercure
Monique Mercure, CC (born November 14, 1930) is a Canadian actress.
http://wn.com/Monique_Mercure
Montgomery Clift
http://wn.com/Montgomery_Clift
Mordaunt Hall
http://wn.com/Mordaunt_Hall
Morton Gould
Morton Gould (December 10, 1913 – February 21, 1996) was an American composer, conductor, arranger, and pianist.
http://wn.com/Morton_Gould
Navajo people
http://wn.com/Navajo_people
Neil Simon
Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927) is an American playwright and screenwriter. His numerous Broadway successes have led to his work being among the most regularly performed in the world.
http://wn.com/Neil_Simon
Nick Nolte
Nicholas King Nolte (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor, film producer and former model.
http://wn.com/Nick_Nolte
Norma Shearer
http://wn.com/Norma_Shearer
Orson Welles
http://wn.com/Orson_Welles
Ottavia Piccolo
Ottavia Piccolo (born 9 October 1949) is an Italian film actress. She has appeared in 45 films since 1962. She won the award for Best Actress at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival for the film Metello.
http://wn.com/Ottavia_Piccolo
Pandro S. Berman
Pandro S. "Pan" Berman (March 28, 1905July 13, 1996), known as Pandro S. Berman, was an American film producer.
http://wn.com/Pandro_S_Berman
Patricia Neal
Patricia Neal (January 20, 1926August 8, 2010) was an American actress of stage and screen. She was best known for her roles as World War II widow Helen Benson in The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), wealthy matron Emily Eustace Failenson in ''Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), and middle-aged housekeeper Alma Brown in Hud'' (1963), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.
http://wn.com/Patricia_Neal
Paul Newman
http://wn.com/Paul_Newman
Pearl Bailey
http://wn.com/Pearl_Bailey
Peggy Ann Garner
Peggy Ann Garner (February 3, 1932 – October 16, 1984) was an American actress.
http://wn.com/Peggy_Ann_Garner
Peggy Ashcroft
http://wn.com/Peggy_Ashcroft
People (magazine)
People (originally called People Weekly) is a weekly American magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. As of 2006, it has a circulation of 3.75 million and revenue expected to top $1.5 billion. It was named "Magazine of the Year" by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Age's annual "A-list" and #3 on ''Adweek's'' "Brand Blazers" list in October 2006.
http://wn.com/People_(magazine)
Pete Seeger
Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3, 1919) is an American folk singer and an iconic figure in the mid-twentieth century American folk music revival:See Richard Silverstein,
http://wn.com/Pete_Seeger
Peter O'Toole
'''Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole' (born 2 August 1932) is an Irish actor of stage and screen who achieved stardom in 1962 playing T. E. Lawrence in Lawrence of Arabia''. He went on to become a highly-honoured film and stage actor. He has been nominated for eight Academy Awards, and holds the record for most competitive Academy Award acting nominations without a win. He has won four Golden Globes, a BAFTA, an Emmy and was the recipient of an Honorary Academy Award in 2003 for his body of work.
http://wn.com/Peter_O'Toole
Philip Barry
http://wn.com/Philip_Barry
Pia Degermark
Pia Charlotte Caminneci Degermark (born 24 August 1949, Bromma, Stockholm) is a Swedish former actress.
http://wn.com/Pia_Degermark
Piper Laurie
Piper Laurie (born Rosetta Jacobs; January 22, 1932) is an American actress of stage and screen best known for her roles in the television series Twin Peaks and the films The Hustler, Carrie, and Children of a Lesser God, all of which brought her Academy Award nominations.
http://wn.com/Piper_Laurie
Polly Bergen
Polly Bergen (born Nellie Paulina Burgin; July 14, 1930) is an American actress, singer, and entrepreneur.
http://wn.com/Polly_Bergen
Preston Sturges
Preston Sturges (29 August 1898 – 6 August 1959), originally Edmund Preston Biden, was a celebrated screenwriter and film director born in Chicago, Illinois. In 1941 he won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film The Great McGinty.
http://wn.com/Preston_Sturges
Renée Zellweger
http://wn.com/Renée_Zellweger
Richard Schickel
Richard Warren Schickel (born February 10, 1933, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an author, journalist, and documentary filmmaker. He is a film critic for Time magazine, having also written for Life magazine and the Los Angeles Times Book Review.
http://wn.com/Richard_Schickel
Ring Lardner, Jr.
http://wn.com/Ring_Lardner_Jr
Risë Stevens
http://wn.com/Risë_Stevens
Rita Hayworth
http://wn.com/Rita_Hayworth
Rita Tushingham
Rita Tushingham (born 14 March 1942; erroneously reported by some sources as 1940, Liverpool, Lancashire, England) is a noted English actress.
http://wn.com/Rita_Tushingham
Robert Mitchum
http://wn.com/Robert_Mitchum
Roger Ebert
Roger Joseph Ebert (; born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and screenwriter. Forbes has described him as "the most powerful pundit in America".
http://wn.com/Roger_Ebert
Ronald Haver
Ronald Haver (Jan. 14, 1939-May 18, 1993) was a film historian, preservationist and author. For over twenty years, he was director of Film Programs at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. He managed the restoration of deleted scenes from the classic Judy Garland version of the film A Star is Born (1954). These scenes, including two musical numbers, were cut by the studio shortly after its premiere due to distributor complaints about the film's length. Warner Bros. made the deletions without the cooperation of its director, George Cukor, and the scenes were lost for years, much to the disappointment of Garland fans and film historians. A "restored" version of the film was released in 1983.
http://wn.com/Ronald_Haver
Roy Acuff
Roy Claxton Acuff (September 15, 1903 – November 23, 1992) was an American country music singer, fiddler, and promoter. Known as the King of Country Music, Acuff is often credited with moving the genre from its early string band and "hoedown" format to the star singer-based format that helped make it internationally successful.
http://wn.com/Roy_Acuff
Ruby Keeler
http://wn.com/Ruby_Keeler
Ruth Gordon
Ruth Gordon Jones (October 30, 1896 – August 28, 1985), better known as Ruth Gordon, was an American actress and writer. She was perhaps best known for her film roles such as the oversolicitous neighbor in ''Rosemary's Baby, the eccentric Maude in Harold and Maude and as the mother of Orville Boggs in the Clint Eastwood film Every Which Way But Loose''. In addition to her acting career, Gordon wrote numerous well-known plays, film scripts and books. Gordon won an Academy Award, an Emmy and two Golden Globe awards for her acting.
http://wn.com/Ruth_Gordon
Sally Field
Sally Margaret Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American actress, singer, producer, director, and screenwriter. In each decade of her career, she has been known for major roles in American TV/film culture, including: in the 1960s, for Gidget (1965-66) or Sister Bertrille on The Flying Nun (1967-70); in the 1970s, for Sybil (1976), Smokey and the Bandit or Norma Rae; in the 1980s, for Absence of Malice, Places in the Heart (1984) or Steel Magnolias; in the 1990s, for Not Without My Daughter, Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) or Forrest Gump; and in the 2000s, on the TV shows ER or Brothers & Sisters. She has also performed in numerous other roles.
http://wn.com/Sally_Field
Samantha Eggar
Samantha Eggar (born 5 March 1939) is an English actress.
http://wn.com/Samantha_Eggar
Sandra Bullock
Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964) is an American actress who rose to fame in the 1990s, after roles in successful films such as Speed and While You Were Sleeping. She has since established her career with films such as Miss Congeniality and Crash, which received critical acclaim. In 2007, she was ranked as the 14th richest female celebrity with an estimated fortune of $85 million. In 2009, Bullock starred in the most financially successful films of her career, The Proposal and The Blind Side. Bullock was awarded a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, and the Academy Award for Best Actress, for her role as Leigh Anne Tuohy in The Blind Side.
http://wn.com/Sandra_Bullock
Scarlett O'Hara
'''Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler''') is the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the later film of the same name. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as "Pansy", and did not decide on the name "Scarlett" until just before the novel went to print.
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Schuyler Grant
Schuyler Grant (born Schuyler DeBarthe Ranson Grant on April 29, 1971) is an American actress best known for supporting roles in television, including the popular Anne of Green Gables mini-series.
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Sean Connery
Sir Thomas Sean Connery KBE (born 25 August 1930), more commonly known as Sean Connery, is a Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes.
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Shelley Duvall
Shelley Alexis Duvall (born July 7, 1949) is an American film and television actress. She began her career in the 1970s films of Robert Altman, followed by roles in movies by Woody Allen, Stanley Kubrick, Terry Gilliam and Tim Burton. She is also an Emmy-nominated producer, responsible for Faerie Tale Theatre and other kid-friendly programming.
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Shelley Winters
Shelley Winters (August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress who appeared in dozens of films, as well as on stage and television; her career spanned over fifty years, until her death in 2006. Two-time Academy Award winner, Winters is probably most remembered for her roles in A Place in the Sun, The Big Knife, Lolita, The Night of the Hunter, Alfie, and The Poseidon Adventure.
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Sheridan Morley
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Shirley Booth
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Shirley MacLaine
Shirley MacLaine (born April 24, 1934) is an American film and theater actress, dancer, activist, and author, well-known for her beliefs in new age spirituality and reincarnation. She has written a large number of autobiographical works, many dealing with her spiritual beliefs as well as her Hollywood career. In 1983, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Terms of Endearment. She is the elder sister of actor Warren Beatty.
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Shirley Temple
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Sidney Lumet
Sidney Lumet (, loo-MET; born June 25, 1924) is an American film director, with over 50 films to his name, including 12 Angry Men (1957), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), Network (1976) and The Verdict (1982), all of which earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Director.
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Sidney Poitier
Sir Sidney Poitier, KBE ( or ; born February 20, 1927) is a Bahamian American actor, film director, author, and diplomat. He broke through as a star in acclaimed performances in American films and plays, which, by consciously defying racial stereotyping, gave a new dramatic credibility for black actors to mainstream film audiences in the Western world.
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Sigourney Weaver
Sigourney Weaver (born Susan Alexandra Weaver; October 8, 1949) is an American actress best known for her role as Ellen Ripley in the Alien film series, a role for which she has received worldwide recognition. She is also known for her roles in the Ghostbusters films, Gorillas in the Mist, The Ice Storm, Working Girl, Holes, and Avatar.
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Simone Signoret
Simone Signoret (; 25 March 1921 – 30 September 1985) was a French cinema actress often hailed as one of France's greatest movie stars. She became the first French person to win an Academy Award, for her role in Room at the Top (1959). In her lifetime she also received a BAFTA, an Emmy, Golden Globe, Cannes Film Festival recognition and the Silver Bear for Best Actress.
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Sissy Spacek
Sissy Spacek (born Mary Elizabeth Spacek; December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer. She won the Best Actress Oscar for her role as country star Loretta Lynn in ''Coal Miner's Daughter'' (1980). She has been nominated a total of six times. She is also known for her role as Carrie White in Brian de Palma's 1976 horror film Carrie, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for best actress.
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Sophia Loren
Sophia Loren (born Sofia Villani Scicolone; September 20, 1934) is an Italian actress.
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Spencer Tracy
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American theatrical and film actor, who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Tracy ninth among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time. He was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor in all, winning two.
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Stan Laurel
Arthur Stanley Jefferson (16 June 1890 – 23 February 1965), better known as Stan Laurel, was an English comic actor, writer and film director, famous as the first half of the comedy double-act Laurel and Hardy. His career stretched from the silent films of the early 20th century until after World War II.
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Stephanie Zimbalist
Stephanie Zimbalist (born October 8, 1956) is an American actress best known for her role as Laura Holt on the NBC detective series Remington Steele.
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Stephen Sondheim
Stephen Joshua Sondheim (born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist for stage and film. He is the winner of an Academy Award, multiple Tony Awards (eight, more than any other composer) including the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, and a Pulitzer Prize. His most famous scores include (as composer/lyricist) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Company, Follies, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, Sunday in the Park with George, Into the Woods, and Assassins, as well as the lyrics for West Side Story and . He was president of the Dramatists Guild from 1973 to 1981.
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Stevie Wonder
Stevland Hardaway Judkins (born May 13, 1950), name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris, known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and activist. Blind from shortly after birth, Wonder signed with Motown Records' Tamla label at the age of eleven, and continues to perform and record for Motown to this day.
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Stéphane Audran
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Susan Hampshire
Susan Hampshire, Lady Kulukundis, OBE (born 12 May 1937) is an English actress best known for her many television and film roles. Her appeal has always been that of an "English rose".
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Susan Sarandon
Susan Sarandon (born October 4, 1946) is an American actress. She has worked in films and television, since 1969, and won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 1995 film Dead Man Walking. She was nominated for the award for four films, before that, and has received other recognition for her work. She is also noted for her social and political activism for a variety of liberal causes.
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Susannah York
Susannah York (born 9 January 1939) is an English film, stage and television actress. Was nominated for an Oscar and Golden Globe for ''They Shoot Horses, Don't They? and Won best actress for Images'' at Cannes Film Festival.
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Tennessee Williams
Tennessee Williams (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) born Thomas Lanier Williams, was an American playwright who received many of the top theatrical awards for his works of drama. He moved to New Orleans in 1939 and changed his name to "Tennessee", the Southeastern U.S. state, his father's birthplace.
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The Times
The Times is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785, when it was known as The Daily Universal Register.
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Tony Richardson
Cecil Antonio "Tony" Richardson (5 June 1928 – 14 November 1991) was an English theatre and film director and producer.
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Tovah Feldshuh
Tovah Feldshuh (born December 27, 1952) is an American actress, singer and playwright.
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Valerie Harper
Valerie Harper (born August 22, 1939) is an American actress, known for her role as Rhoda Morgenstern on the 1970s television show The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and for her starring roles on the sitcoms Rhoda (a spin-off of The Mary Tyler Moore Show) and Valerie.
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Valerie Perrine
Valerie Ritchie Perrine (born September 3, 1943) is an American actress and model.
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Vanessa Redgrave
Vanessa Redgrave, CBE (born 30 January 1937) is an English actress of stage, screen and television, as well as a political activist.
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Victor Borge
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Vivien Leigh
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Walter Catlett
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Walter Pidgeon
Walter Davis Pidgeon (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian actor who lived most of his adult life in the United States. He starred in many motion pictures, including Mrs. Miniver, The Bad and the Beautiful, Forbidden Planet, Advise and Consent and Funny Girl.
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Warren Beatty
Warren Beatty (, ; born March 30, 1937) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director.
http://wn.com/Warren_Beatty
Whoopi Goldberg
Whoopi Goldberg (; born Caryn Elaine Johnson; November 13, 1955) is an American comedian, actress, singer-songwriter, political activist, and talk show host.
http://wn.com/Whoopi_Goldberg
William Gargan
William Gargan (July 17, 1905 – February 17, 1979) was an American motion picture, television and radio actor. Gargan played character roles in many Hollywood productions, including two appearances as detective Ellery Queen, but was best known for his role as Detective Martin Kane in the 1949-51 radio-television series, Martin Kane, Private Eye, sponsored by U.S. Tobacco. He also appeared as a private detective in the NBC radio show Barrie Craig, Confidential Investigator, which ran from 1951 to 1955.
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William Holden
actor
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William J. Mann
William J. Mann is an American novelist, biographer, and Hollywood historian best known for his biography of Katharine Hepburn, (2006). Kate was declared the "definitive" work about Hepburn by The Sunday Times and was named one of the 100 Notable Books of 2006 by The New York Times.
http://wn.com/William_J_Mann
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
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Willie Nelson
Willie Hugh Nelson (born April 30, 1933) is an American country singer-songwriter, author, poet, actor and activist. He reached his greatest fame during the outlaw country movement of the 1970s, and remains iconic, especially in American popular culture.
http://wn.com/Willie_Nelson
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I

Holiday (1938) - Katharine Hepburn - Cary Grant

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Photo: AP / Mark Lennihan

Stephen Elop, CEO of Nokia, introduces its newest smartphone, the Lumia 920, equipped with Microsoft's Windows Phone 8, Wednesday, Sept. 5, 2012 in New York.

Nokia Lumia 920 will lose out to Apple iPhone 5: Analysts

The Times of India

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SHARE AND DISCUSS Tweet Stephen Elop only has a few months to show he can turn Nokia around if he is to survive but the new smartphone is unlikely to woo customers back from Apple and Samsung....

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Nine Entertainment Co. Launches Holiday Park Listing Website 20 Sep 2012

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Katharine Hepburn
Studio publicity photograph, ca. 1941
Born	Katharine Houghton Hepburn (1907-05-12)May 12, 1907 Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	June 29, 2003(2003-06-29) (aged 96) Fenwick, Connecticut, U.S.
Alma mater	Bryn Mawr College
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1928–94
Spouse	Ludlow Ogden Smith (m.1928–34; divorced)
Partner	Spencer Tracy (1941–67; his death)
Parents	Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn Thomas Norval Hepburn
Awards	4 Academy Awards, 2 BAFTAs, 1 Emmy (full list)

Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress of film, stage, and television. Known for her headstrong independence and spirited personality, Hepburn's career as a Hollywood leading lady spanned more than 60 years. Her work came in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress—a record for any performer. Hepburn's characters were often strong, sophisticated women with a hidden vulnerability.

Raised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College. After four years in the theatre, favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood. Her early years in the film industry were marked with success, including an Academy Award for her third picture, Morning Glory (1933), but this was followed by a series of commercial failures. In 1938 she was labeled "box office poison". Hepburn masterminded her own comeback, buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story, which she sold on the condition that she be the star. In the 1940s she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy. The screen-partnership spanned 25 years, and produced nine movies.

Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life, as she regularly appeared in Shakespeare stage productions and tackled a range of literary roles. She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters, such as in The African Queen (1951), a persona the public embraced. Three more Oscars came for her work in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981). In the 1970s she began appearing in television movies, which became the focus of her career in later life. She remained active into old age, making her final screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87. After a period of inactivity and ill-health, Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96.

Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine, and refused to conform to societal expectations of women. She was outspoken, assertive, athletic, and wore pants before it was fashionable. She married once, as a young woman, but thereafter lived independently. A 26-year affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy was hidden from the public. With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen, Hepburn came to epitomize the "modern woman" in 20th-century America and helped change perceptions of women. In 1999, she was named by the American Film Institute as the top female Hollywood legend.^[1]

Early life [link]

Hepburn was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on May 12, 1907, the second of six children. Her parents were Thomas Norval Hepburn (1879–1962), a urologist at Hartford Hospital, and Katharine Martha Houghton (1878–1951), a feminist campaigner. Both fought for social change in America: Thomas Hepburn helped establish the New England Social Hygiene Association, which educated the public about venereal disease,^[2] while Katharine Martha headed the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association and later campaigned for birth control with Margaret Sanger.^[3] As a child, Hepburn joined her mother on several "Votes For Women" demonstrations.^[4] The Hepburn children were raised to exercise freedom of speech and encouraged to think and debate on any topic they wished.^[5] Her parents were criticized by the community for their progressive views, which stimulated Hepburn to fight against barriers she encountered.^[6]^[7] Hepburn said she realized from a young age that she was the product of "two very remarkable parents",^[8] and credited her "enormously lucky" upbringing with providing the foundation for her success.^[9]^[10] She remained close to her family throughout her life.^[11]

Hepburn's college yearbook photo, 1928. It was while studying at Bryn Mawr College that she chose acting as a career.

The young Hepburn was a tomboy who liked to call herself Jimmy and cut her hair short like a boy's.^[12] Thomas Hepburn was eager for his children to use their minds and bodies to the limit, and taught them to swim, run, dive, ride, wrestle, and play golf and tennis.^[13] Golf became a passion for his oldest daughter: she took daily lessons and became very good, reaching the semi-final of the Connecticut Young Women's Golf Championship.^[14] She loved swimming in Long Island Sound, and took ice-cold baths every morning in the belief that "the bitterer the medicine, the better it was for you."^[15] Hepburn was a fan of movies from a young age, and went to see one every Saturday night.^[16] With her friends and siblings, she would put on plays and perform to her neighbors for 50 cents a ticket to raise money for the Navajo people.^[17]

On April 3, 1921, while visiting friends in Greenwich Village, Hepburn discovered the body of her older brother Tom, whom she adored,^[18] dead from an apparent suicide. He had tied a sheet around a beam and hanged himself.^[19] The Hepburn family denied it was suicide and maintained that Tom's death must have been an experiment that had gone wrong.^[20] The incident made the teenage Hepburn nervous, moody, and suspicious of people.^[21] She shied away from other children, dropped out of Oxford School, and began receiving private tutoring.^[22] For many years, she used Tom's birthday (November 8) as her own. It was not until her 1991 autobiography, Me: Stories of My Life, that Hepburn revealed her true birth date.^[23]

In 1924, Hepburn gained a place at Bryn Mawr College. She attended the institution primarily to satisfy her mother, who had studied there, and recalled disliking the experience.^[24] It was the first time she had been in school for several years, and she was self-conscious and uncomfortable with her classmates.^[25] She struggled with the scholastic demands of university, and was once suspended for smoking in her room.^[26] Hepburn was drawn to acting but roles in college plays were conditional on good grades. Once her marks had improved, she began performing regularly.^[26] The lead role in a production of The Woman in the Moon in her senior year, and the positive response it received, cemented Hepburn's plans to pursue a theatrical career.^[14] She graduated with a degree in history and philosophy in June 1928.^[27]

Career [link]

Breaking into theatre (1928–1932)[link]

Hepburn left Bryn Mawr determined to become an actress.^[28] The day after graduating,^[29] she traveled to Baltimore to meet Edwin H. Knopf, who ran a successful stock theatre company. Impressed by her eagerness, Knopf cast Hepburn in his current production, The Czarina.^[30] She received good reviews for her small role; the Printed Word described her performance as "arresting".^[31] She was given a part in the following week's show, but here Hepburn was less accomplished. She was criticized for her shrill voice, and so left Baltimore to study with an acclaimed voice tutor in New York City.^[32]

Hepburn, a young woman, dressed in a short tunic and armour, acting in a play.

Hepburn in the role that brought her to the attention of Hollywood, 1932's The Warrior's Husband

Knopf decided to produce The Big Pond in New York and called for Hepburn to be the understudy to the leading lady. A week before opening, the lead was fired and replaced with Hepburn, which gave her a starring role after only four weeks in the theatre.^[33] On opening night, Hepburn turned up late, mixed her lines, tripped over her feet, and spoke too high and fast to be comprehensible.^[32] She was promptly fired, and the original leading lady rehired. Undeterred, Hepburn joined forces with producer Arthur Hopkins, and accepted the role of a schoolgirl in These Days. Her Broadway debut came on November 12, 1928, at the Cort Theatre, but reviews for the show were poor and it closed after eight nights.^[32] Hopkins promptly hired Hepburn as the lead understudy in Philip Barry's play Holiday. In early December, after only two weeks, she quit to marry Ludlow Ogden Smith, her beau from college. She planned to leave the theatre behind, but began to miss the work and quickly resumed the understudy role in Holiday, which she held for six months.^[34]

In 1929, Hepburn turned down a role with the Theatre Guild to play the lead in Death Takes a Holiday. She felt the role was perfect,^[35] but again she was fired.^[36] Hepburn went back to the Guild and took an understudy role for minimum pay in A Month in the Country. In the spring of 1930, Hepburn joined a stock company in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. She left halfway through the summer season, and continued studying with a drama tutor.^[37] In early 1931, she was cast in the Broadway production of Art and Mrs. Bottle. She was released from the role after the playwright took a dislike to her, saying "She looks a fright, her manner is objectionable, and she has no talent", but then rehired when no other actress could be found.^[38] It went on to be a small success.^[39]

Hepburn appeared in a number of plays with a summer stock company in Ivoryton, Connecticut, and she proved to be a hit.^[38] During the summer of 1931, Philip Barry asked her to appear in his new play, The Animal Kingdom, alongside Leslie Howard. They began rehearsals in November, Hepburn feeling sure this was the role to make her a star, but Howard disliked the actress and again she was fired.^[40] When she asked Barry why she had been let go, he responded, "Well, to be brutally frank, you weren't very good."^[40] This unsettled the self-assured Hepburn, but she continued to look for work.^[41] She took a small role in an upcoming play, but as rehearsals began she received an offer to read for the lead role in the Greek fable The Warrior's Husband.^[42]

The Warrior's Husband proved to be Hepburn's break-out performance. Biographer Charles Higham states that the play was ideal for the actress, requiring an aggressive energy and athleticism, and she enthusiastically involved herself with its production.^[43] It opened on March 11, 1932, at the Morosco Theatre on Broadway. Hepburn's first entrance called for her to leap down a narrow stairway with a stag over her shoulder, wearing a short silver tunic. The show ran for three months, and Hepburn received positive reviews.^[44] Richard Garland of the New York World-Telegram wrote, "It's been many a night since so glowing a performance has brightened the Broadway scene."^[45]

Hollywood success (1932–1934)[link]

Hepburn and a young man acting in A Bill of Divorcement. They are holding hands and looking at each other emotionally.

Hepburn's first movie appearance, in the melodrama A Bill of Divorcement (1932). Critics loved the performance and she became an instant star.

A scout for the Hollywood agent Leland Hayward spotted Hepburn's appearance in The Warrior's Husband, and asked her to test for the part of Sydney Fairfield in the upcoming RKO film A Bill of Divorcement. Hepburn was unhappy with her test scene, and sent material from Holiday instead.^[46] Director George Cukor was impressed by what he saw: "There was this odd creature," he recalled, "she was unlike anybody I'd ever heard." He particularly liked the manner in which she picked up a glass: "I thought she was very talented in that action."^[47] Offered the role, Hepburn demanded $1,500 a week, a large amount for an unknown actress.^[48] Cukor encouraged the studio to accept her demands^[28] and they signed Hepburn to a temporary contract with a three-week guarantee.^[49] RKO head David O. Selznick recounted that he took a "tremendous chance" in casting the unusual actress.^[50]

Hepburn arrived in California in July 1932, at 25 years old. She starred in A Bill of Divorcement opposite John Barrymore, showing no sign of intimidation.^[50]^[51] Although she struggled to adapt to the nature of film acting, Hepburn was fascinated by the industry from the start.^[52] The picture was a success and Hepburn received rave reviews.^[53] Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times called her performance "exceptionally fine ... Miss Hepburn's characterization is one of the finest seen on the screen".^[54] The Variety review declared, "Standout here is the smash impression made by Katharine Hepburn in her first picture assignment. She has a vital something that sets her apart from the picture galaxy."^[55] On the strength of A Bill of Divorcement, RKO signed the actress to a long-term contract.^[56] George Cukor became a lifetime friend and colleague—he and Hepburn made ten films together.^[57]

Hepburn, dressed in 19th century clothes, sat with tears in her eyes.

Film still from Little Women (1933), which was one of the most popular movies of its day

Hepburn's second film was Christopher Strong (1933), the story of an aviatrix and her affair with a married man. The picture was not commercially successful, but Hepburn's own reviews were good.^[58] Regina Crewe wrote in the Journal American that although her mannerisms were grating, "they compel attention, and they fascinate an audience. She is a distinct, definite, positive personality."^[59] Her third picture confirmed Hepburn as a major actress in Hollywood.^[60] For playing aspiring actress Eva Lovelace in Morning Glory, she won an Academy Award for Best Actress. She had seen the script on the desk of producer Pandro S. Berman and, convinced that she was born to play the part, insisted that the role be hers.^[61] Hepburn chose not to attend the awards ceremony—as she would not for the duration of her career—but was thrilled with the win.^[62] Her success continued with the role of Jo in the screen adaptation of Little Women (1933). The movie was a hit, one of the film industry's biggest successes to date,^[50] and Hepburn won the Best Actress prize at the Venice Film Festival. Little Women was one of Hepburn's personal favorites and she was proud of her performance, later saying, "I defy anyone to be as good as I was [as Jo]".^[60]

By the end of 1933 Hepburn was at the top of her profession, but yearned to prove herself on Broadway.^[63] Jed Harris, one of the most successful theatre producers of the 1920s, was going through a career slump.^[64] He asked Hepburn to appear in the play The Lake, which she agreed to do for a low salary.^[65] Before she was given leave, RKO asked that she film Spitfire (1934). Hepburn's role in the movie was Trigger Hicks, an uneducated mountain girl. It is widely considered one of her worst films, and Hepburn received poor reviews for the effort.^[66] Hepburn kept a picture of Hicks in her bedroom throughout her life to "[keep] me humble."^[67]

The Lake previewed in Washington, D.C., where there was a large advance sale.^[65] Harris's poor direction had eroded Hepburn's confidence, and she struggled with the performance.^[68] Despite this, Harris moved the play to New York without further rehearsal. It opened at the Martin Beck Theatre on December 26, 1933, and Hepburn was roundly panned by the critics.^[69] Dorothy Parker quipped, "Katharine Hepburn runs the gamut of emotions from A to B."^[28] Already tied to a ten-week contract, she had to endure the embarrassment of rapidly declining box office sales.^[70] Harris decided to take the show to Chicago, saying to Hepburn, "My dear, the only interest I have in you is the money I can make out of you." Hepburn refused, and paid Harris $14,000 to close the production instead.^[71] She later referred to Harris as "hands-down the most diabolical person I have ever met",^[64] and claimed this experience was important in teaching her to take responsibility for her career.^[72]

Career struggles, "box office poison" (1934–1938)[link]

Hepburn dressed in medieval clothes, standing with a concerned look on her face.

In Mary of Scotland (1936), one of a series of unsuccessful films Hepburn made in this period.

After the failure of Spitfire and The Lake, RKO cast Hepburn in The Little Minister (1934), based on a Victorian novel by James Barrie, in an attempt to repeat the success of Little Women.^[73] There was no such recurrence, and the picture was a commercial failure.^[74] The romantic drama Break of Hearts (1935) with Charles Boyer was poorly reviewed and also lost money at the box office.^[75] After three forgettable movies, success returned to Hepburn with Alice Adams (1935), the story of a girl's desperation to climb the social ladder. Hepburn loved the book and was delighted to be offered the role.^[76] The picture was a hit, one of Hepburn's personal favorites, and gave the actress her second Oscar nomination.^[77]

Berman allowed Hepburn to select her next feature.^[77] She chose George Cukor's new project, Sylvia Scarlett (1935), which paired her for the first time with Cary Grant. Her hair was cut short for the part, as her character masquerades as a boy for much of the film. Critics disliked Sylvia Scarlett and it was unpopular with the public.^[78] For her next film she played Mary Stuart in John Ford's Mary of Scotland (1936). It met with a similarly poor reception.^[79] A Woman Rebels (1937) followed, a Victorian era drama where Hepburn's character fights against convention. Quality Street (1937) also had a period setting, this time a comedy. Neither movie was popular with the public, which meant she had made four unsuccessful pictures in a row.^[80]

Alongside a series of unpopular films, problems arose from Hepburn's attitude.^[81] She had a difficult relationship with the press, with whom she could be rude and provocative.^[82] When asked if she had any children, she snapped back, "Yes I have five: two white and three colored."^[83] She would not give interviews and denied requests for autographs,^[84] which earned her the nickname "Katharine of Arrogance".^[85] The public were also baffled by her boyish behavior and fashion choices, and she became a largely unpopular figure.^[82]^[86] Hepburn sensed that she needed to leave Hollywood,^[87] so returned east to star in a theatrical adaptation of Jane Eyre. It had a successful tour,^[88] but uncertain about the script and unwilling to risk failure after the disaster of The Lake, Hepburn decided against taking the show to Broadway.^[87] Towards the end of 1936, Hepburn vied for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With The Wind.^[89] Producer David O. Selznick refused to offer her the part because he felt she had no sex appeal. He reportedly told Hepburn, "I can't see Rhett Butler chasing you for twelve years."^[90]

Hepburn and Cary Grant in Bringing Up Baby, she is pointing at something and both look alarmed.

Hepburn made four films with Cary Grant. They are seen here in Bringing Up Baby (1938), which flopped on release but has since become a classic screwball comedy.^[91]

For her next feature, Stage Door (1937) paired Hepburn with Ginger Rogers in a role that mirrored her own life—that of a wealthy society girl trying to make it as an actress.^[92] Hepburn was praised for her work at early previews, which gave her top billing over Rogers,^[93] and the film was nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards. But it was not the box office hit RKO had hoped.^[92] Industry pundits blamed Hepburn for the small profit, but the studio continued its commitment to resurrecting her popularity.^[94] She was cast in Howard Hawks' screwball comedy Bringing Up Baby (1938) alongside Cary Grant. Hepburn played the physical comedy of the film with confidence,^[94] and took tips on comedic timing from her co-star Walter Catlett.^[95] Bringing Up Baby was acclaimed by critics, but it was nevertheless unsuccessful at the box office.^[96] With the genre and Grant both hugely popular at the time, biographer A. Scott Berg believes the blame lay with moviegoers' rejection of Hepburn.^[97]

Bringing Up Baby was the last picture Hepburn did at RKO. After its release, the Independent Theatre Owners of America included Hepburn on a list of actors considered "Box Office Poison".^[97] The next film offered to her was Mother Carey's Chickens, a B movie with poor prospects.^[97] Hepburn turned it down, and instead opted to buy herself out of her contract for $75,000.^[98] Many actors were afraid to leave the stability of the studio system at the time, but Hepburn's personal wealth meant she could afford to be independent.^[99] She signed on for the film version of Holiday (1938) with Columbia Pictures, pairing her for the third time with Grant. The comedy was well received by critics, but it failed to draw much of an audience,^[100] and the next script offered to Hepburn came with a salary of $10,000—less than she had received at the start of her film career.^[101] Reflecting on this change in fortunes, Andrew Britton writes of Hepburn, "No other star has emerged with greater rapidity or with more ecstatic acclaim. No other star, either, has become so unpopular so quickly for so long a time."^[102]

Revival (1939–1942)[link]

Hepburn and a smartly-dressed man standing at night by a pool. She is holding a glass of champagne and they are looking at each other flirtatiously.

As Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story (1940), alongside James Stewart. Hepburn said of the role, "I gave her life and she gave me back my career."^[29]

Following this decline in her career, Hepburn took action to create her own comeback vehicle. She left Hollywood to look for a stage project, and signed on to star in Philip Barry's new play, The Philadelphia Story. It was tailored to showcase the actress, with the character of socialite Tracy Lord incorporating a mixture of humor, aggression, nervousness, and vulnerability.^[103] Howard Hughes, Hepburn's beau at the time, sensed that the play could be her ticket back to Hollywood stardom and bought her the film rights before it even debuted on stage.^[104] The pair also contributed a quarter of the play's production costs.^[105] The Philadelphia Story first toured the United States, to positive reviews, and then opened in New York at the Schubert Theatre on March 29, 1939.^[106] It was a big hit, critically and financially, running for 417 performances and then going on a second successful tour.^[28]

Several of the major film studios approached Hepburn to produce the movie version of Barry's play.^[107] She chose to sell the rights to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Hollywood's number one studio,^[108] on the condition that she be the star. As part of the deal she also received the director of her choice, George Cukor, but the co-stars she wanted, Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, were both unavailable. Louis B. Mayer promised her James Stewart and $150,000 "for anyone else you want or can get."^[109] Hepburn chose her friend and previous co-star, Cary Grant, to whom she ceded top billing.^[110] Before filming began, Hepburn shrewdly noted, "I don't want to make a grand entrance in this picture. Moviegoers ... think I'm too la-di-da or something. A lot of people want to see me fall flat on my face." Thus the film began with Grant knocking the actress flat on her backside.^[111] Berg describes how the character was crafted to have audiences "laugh at her enough that they would ultimately sympathize with her", which Hepburn felt was crucial in "re-creating" her public image.^[112] The Philadelphia Story was one of the biggest hits of 1940, breaking records at Radio City Music Hall.^[28] The review in Time declared, "Come on back, Katie, all is forgiven."^[113] Herb Golden of Variety stated, "It's Katharine Hepburn's picture ... The perfect conception of all flighty but characterful Main Line socialite gals rolled into one, the story without her is almost inconceivable."^[114] Hepburn was nominated for her third Academy Award for Best Actress, and won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.^[115]^[116]

Hepburn was also responsible for the development of her next project, the romantic comedy Woman of the Year. The idea for the film was proposed to her by Garson Kanin in 1941. Hepburn passed the outline onto Joseph L. Mankiewicz at MGM, who expressed an interest in the picture. Kanin recalled how Hepburn contributed to the script: reading it, suggesting cuts and word changes, and generally providing helpful enthusiasm for the project.^[117] Hepburn presented the finished product to MGM and demanded $250,000—half for her, half for the authors, Michael Kanin and Ring Lardner, Jr.^[118] Her terms accepted, Hepburn was also given the director and co-star of her choice, George Stevens and Spencer Tracy. Released in 1942, Woman of the Year was another success. Critics praised the chemistry between the stars and, says Higham, noted Hepburn's "increasing maturity and polish".^[119] The World-Telegram commended two "brilliant performances",^[120] and Hepburn received a fourth Academy Award nomination for her role as independent career-woman Tess Harding. During the course of the movie, Hepburn signed a star contract with MGM.^[110]

Slowing in the 1940s (1942–1949)[link]

In 1942, Hepburn returned to Broadway to appear in another Philip Barry play, Without Love, which was also written with the actress in mind.^[120] Critics were unenthusiastic about the production but with Hepburn's popularity at a high it ran for 16 sold-out weeks.^[121] MGM were eager to reunite Tracy and Hepburn for a new picture, and settled on Keeper of the Flame (1942). A dark mystery with a propaganda message on the dangers of fascism, the film was seen by Hepburn as an opportunity to make a worthy political statement.^[122] It received poor notices but was a financial success, confirming the popularity of the Tracy–Hepburn pairing.^[123]

Screenshot of Hepburn and Spencer Tracy sat in an open-top car in mid-conversation. He looks unimpressed.

The majority of films Hepburn did in this period were with Spencer Tracy. She later said the partnership did much to advance her career, as he was the more popular star at the time.^[124] The pair are seen here in one of their most successful outings, Adam's Rib (1949).

Since Woman of the Year Hepburn had committed to a romantic relationship with Tracy and dedicated herself to helping the star, who suffered from alcoholism and insomnia.^[125] Her career slowed as a result, and she worked less for the remainder of the decade than she had done in the 1930s—notably by not appearing on-stage again until 1950.^[126] Her only appearance in 1943 was a cameo in the morale-building wartime film Stage Door Canteen, playing herself. She took an atypical role in 1944, playing a Chinese peasant in the high-budget drama Dragon Seed. Hepburn was enthusiastic about the film, but it met with a tepid response and she was described as miscast.^[127] She then reunited with Tracy for the film version of Without Love (1945), after which she turned down a role in The Razor's Edge to support Tracy through his return to Broadway.^[128] Without Love received poor reviews, but a new Tracy–Hepburn picture was a big event and it was popular on release, selling a record number of tickets over Easter weekend 1945.^[129]

Hepburn's next film was Undercurrent (1946), a film noir with Robert Taylor and Robert Mitchum that was poorly received.^[130] A fourth film with Tracy came in 1947: a drama set in the American Old West entitled The Sea of Grass. Similarly to Keeper of the Flame and Without Love, a lukewarm response from critics did not stop it from being a financial success both at home and abroad.^[131] The same year, Hepburn portrayed Clara Wieck Schumann in Song of Love. She trained intensively with a pianist for the role.^[132] By the time of its release in October, Hepburn's career had been significantly affected by her public opposition to the growing anti-communist witch hunt in Hollywood. Viewed by some as dangerously progressive, she was not offered work for nine months and people reportedly threw things at screenings of Song of Love.^[133] Her next film role came unexpectedly, as she agreed to replace Claudette Colbert only days before shooting began on Frank Capra's political drama State of the Union (1948).^[134] Tracy had long been signed to play the male lead, and so Hepburn was already familiar with the script and stepped up for the fifth Tracy–Hepburn picture.^[133] Critics responded positively to the film and it performed well at the box office.^[135]

Tracy and Hepburn appeared on screen together for a third consecutive year in the 1949 film Adam's Rib. Like Woman of the Year, it was a "battle of the sexes" comedy, and was written specifically for the duo by their friends Garson Kanin and Ruth Gordon. A story of married lawyers who oppose each other in court, Hepburn described it as "perfect for [Tracy] and me".^[136] She was instrumental in getting Judy Holliday cast in the film, which kick-started the young actress's Hollywood career.^[137] Although Hepburn's political views still prompted scattered picketing at theatres around the country, Adam's Rib was a hit, favorably reviewed and the most profitable Tracy–Hepburn picture to date.^[138] The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther was full of praise for the film and hailed the duo's "perfect compatibility".^[139]

Professional expansion (1950–1952)[link]

Hepburn is dressed in early 20th century clothes, looking prim and proper. Behind her is Humphrey Bogart, also dressed as his character from The African Queen.

Hepburn often worked abroad in the 1950s, beginning with The African Queen (1951), which was shot on location in Africa. Pictured is a promotional image for the film, with co-star Humphrey Bogart.

The 1950s saw Hepburn take on a series of professional challenges, and stretch herself further than at any other point in her life at an age when most actresses began to retreat.^[140] Berg describes the decade as "the heart of her vast legacy" and "the period in which she truly came into her own."^[141] In January 1950, Hepburn made her first venture into Shakespeare, playing Rosalind in As You Like It. She hoped to prove she could play already established material,^[29] and said, "It's better to try something difficult and flop than to play it safe all the time."^[142] It opened at the Cort Theatre in New York to a capacity audience, and was virtually sold out for 148 shows.^[143] The production then went on tour. Reviews for Hepburn varied, but she was noted as the only leading lady in Hollywood who was performing high-caliber material on the stage.^[144]

In 1951, Hepburn filmed The African Queen, her first movie in Technicolor. She played Rose Sayer, a prim spinster missionary living in German East Africa at the outbreak of World War I. Co-starring Humphrey Bogart, The African Queen was shot mostly on location in the Belgian Congo, an opportunity Hepburn embraced.^[145] It proved a difficult experience, however, and Hepburn became ill with dysentery during filming.^[146] Later in life, she released a memoir about the experience. The movie was released at the end of 1951 to popular support and critical acclaim,^[147] and gave Hepburn her fifth Best Actress nomination at the Academy Awards. The first successful film she had made without Tracy since The Philadelphia Story a decade earlier, it proved that she could be a hit without him and fully reestablished her popularity.^[148]

Hepburn went on to make the sports comedy Pat and Mike (1952), the second film written specifically as a Tracy–Hepburn vehicle by Kanin and Gordon. Hepburn was a keen athlete, and Kanin later described this as his inspiration for the film: "As I watched Kate playing tennis one day ... it occurred to me that her audience was missing a treat."^[149] Hepburn was asked to gain weight for the role, and she was under pressure to perform several sports to a high standard, many of which did not end up in the film.^[150] Pat and Mike was one of the team's most popular and critically acclaimed films, and it was also Hepburn's personal favorite of the nine films she made with Tracy.^[151] The performance brought her a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.^[152]

In the summer of 1952, Hepburn appeared in London's West End for a ten-week run of George Bernard Shaw's The Millionairess. Her parents had read Shaw to her when she was a child, which made the play a special experience for the actress.^[153] Two years of intense work had left her exhausted, however, and her friend Constance Collier wrote that Hepburn was "on the verge of a nervous breakdown".^[154] Widely acclaimed, The Millionairess was brought to Broadway.^[155] In October 1952 it opened at the Shubert Theatre, where despite a lukewarm critical response it sold out its ten-week run.^[154] Hepburn subsequently tried to get the play adapted into a film: a script was written by Preston Sturges, and Hepburn offered to work for nothing and pay the director herself, but no studio picked up the project.^[156] She later referred to this as the biggest disappointment of her career.^[153]

Spinsters and Shakespeare (1953–1962)[link]

In David Lean's romantic drama Summertime (1955). Jane Hudson is one of the popular "spinster" roles Hepburn played in the 1950s.

Pat and Mike was the last film Hepburn completed on her MGM contract, making her free to select her own projects.^[155] She spent two years resting and traveling, before committing to David Lean's romantic drama Summertime (1955). The movie was filmed in Venice, with Hepburn playing a lonely spinster who has a passionate love affair. She described it as "a very emotional part" and found it fascinating to work with Lean.^[157] At her own insistence, Hepburn performed a fall into a canal and developed a chronic eye infection as a result.^[158] The role earned her another Academy Award nomination and has been cited as some of her finest work.^[159]^[160] Lean later said it was his personal favorite of the films he made, and Hepburn his favorite actress.^[161] The following year, Hepburn spent six months touring Australia with the Old Vic theatre company, playing Portia in The Merchant of Venice, Kate in The Taming of the Shrew, and Isabella in Measure for Measure. The tour was successful and Hepburn earned significant plaudits for the effort.^[162]

Hepburn received an Academy Award nomination for the second year running for her work opposite Burt Lancaster in The Rainmaker (1956). Again she played a lonely women empowered by a love affair, and it seemed that Hepburn had found a niche in playing "love-starved spinsters" that critics, audiences, and her peers clearly enjoyed.^[163] Hepburn said of playing such roles, "With Lizzie Curry [The Rainmaker] and Jane Hudson [Summertime] and Rosie Sayer [The African Queen]—I was playing me. It wasn't difficult for me to play those women, because I'm the maiden aunt."^[163] Less success that year came from The Iron Petticoat (1956), a reworking of the classic comedy Ninotchka, with Bob Hope. Hepburn played a cold-hearted Soviet pilot, a performance Bosley Crowther called "horrible".^[164] It was a critical and commercial failure,^[164] and Hepburn considered it the worst film on her resume.^[163]

Tracy and Hepburn reunited on screen for the first time in five years for the office-based comedy Desk Set (1957). Berg notes that it worked as a hybrid of their earlier romantic-comedy successes and Hepburn's spinster persona,^[165] but it performed poorly at the box office.^[166] That summer Hepburn returned to Shakespeare. Appearing in Stratford, Connecticut, at the American Shakespeare Theatre, she repeated her Portia in The Merchant of Venice and played Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing. The shows were positively received.^[165] After two years away from the screen, she starred in a film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' controversial play Suddenly, Last Summer (1959) with Elizabeth Taylor and Montgomery Clift. The movie was shot in London, and was "a completely miserable experience" for Hepburn.^[167] She clashed with director Joseph L. Mankiewicz during filming, which culminated with her spitting at him in disgust.^[168] The picture was a financial success,^[169] and her work as creepy aunt Violet Venable gave Hepburn her eighth Oscar nomination. Williams was pleased with the performance, writing, "Kate is a playwright's dream actress. She makes dialogue sound better than it is by a matchless beauty and clarity of diction".^[170] He wrote The Night of the Iguana (1961) with Hepburn in mind, but the actress, although flattered, felt the play was wrong for her and declined the part, which went to Bette Davis.^[171]

Hepburn returned to Stratford in the summer of 1960 to play Viola in Twelfth Night and Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra. The New York Post wrote of her Cleopatra, "Hepburn offers a highly versatile performance ... once or twice going in for her famous mannerisms and always being fascinating to watch."^[172] Hepburn herself was proud of the role.^[173] Her repertoire was further improved when she appeared in Sidney Lumet's film version of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night (1962). It was a low-budget production, and Hepburn appeared in the film for a tenth of her established salary.^[174] She called it "the greatest [play] this country has ever produced" and the role of morphine-addicted Mary Tyrone "the most challenging female role in American drama", and felt her performance was the best screen work of her career.^[175] Long Day's Journey Into Night earned Hepburn an Oscar nomination and the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival. It remains one of her most praised performances.^[176]

Success in later years (1963–1970)[link]

In Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), which won Hepburn her second of four Academy Awards

Following the completion of Long Day's Journey Into Night, Hepburn took a break in her career to care for the ailing Spencer Tracy.^[177] She did not work again until 1967's Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, her ninth film with Tracy. The movie dealt with the subject of interracial marriage, with Hepburn's niece, Katharine Houghton, playing her daughter. Tracy was dying by this point, suffering the effects of heart disease,^[178] and Houghton later commented that her aunt was "extremely tense" during the production.^[179] Tracy died 17 days after filming his last scene. Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was a triumphant return for Hepburn and her most commercially successful picture to date.^[180] She won her second Best Actress Award at the Oscars, 34 years after winning her first. Hepburn felt the award was not just for her, but was also given to honor Tracy.^[180]

Hepburn quickly returned to acting after Tracy's death, choosing to preoccupy herself as a remedy against grief.^[181] She received numerous scripts^[182] and chose to play Eleanor of Aquitaine in The Lion In Winter (1968), a part she called "fascinating".^[183] She read extensively in preparation for the role,^[184] in which she starred opposite Peter O'Toole. Filming took place in Montmajour Abbey in the south of France, an experience she loved despite being—according to director Anthony Harvey—"enormously vulnerable" throughout.^[185] John Russell Taylor of The Times suggested that Eleanor was "the performance of her ... career", and proved that she was "a growing, developing, still surprising actress".^[186] The movie was nominated in all the major categories at the Academy Awards, and for the second year running Hepburn won the Oscar for Best Actress.^[187] The role, combined with her performance in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, also won Hepburn a British Academy Film Award (BAFTA) for Best Actress. Hepburn's next appearance was in The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969), which she filmed in Nice immediately after completing The Lion in Winter.^[188] The picture was a failure critically and financially, and reviews targeted Hepburn for giving a misguided performance.^[189]

From December 1969 to August 1970, Hepburn starred in the Broadway musical Coco, about the life of Coco Chanel. Hepburn admitted that before the show, she had never sat through a theatrical musical.^[190] She was not a strong singer, but found the offer irresistible and, as Berg puts it, "what she lacked in euphony she made up for in guts".^[191] The actress took vocal lessons six times a week in preparation for the show.^[191] She was nervous about every performance, and recalled "wondering what the hell I was doing there."^[192] Reviews for the production were mediocre, but Hepburn herself was praised and Coco was popular with the public.^[193] Hepburn would typically receive a standing ovation at the end of the night, and the show's run was twice extended.^[194] She later said Coco marked the first time she accepted that the public were not against her, but actually seemed to love her.^[29] Her work earned Hepburn a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical.^[195]

Film, television, and theatre (1971–1983)[link]

Hepburn stayed active throughout the 1970s, focusing on roles described by Andrew Britton as "either a devouring mother or a batty old lady living [alone]".^[2] First she traveled to Spain to film a version of Euripides' The Trojan Women (1971) alongside Vanessa Redgrave. When asked why she had taken the role, she responded that she wanted to broaden her range and try everything while she still had time.^[196] The movie was poorly received,^[196] but the Kansas City Film Critics named Hepburn's performance the best from an actress that year. In 1971 she signed on to star in an adaptation of Graham Greene's Travels With My Aunt, but was unhappy with early versions of the script and took to rewriting it herself. The studio disliked her changes, so Hepburn abandoned the project and was replaced with Maggie Smith.^[197] Her next film, an adaptation of Edward Albee's A Delicate Balance (1973) directed by Tony Richardson, had a small release and received generally unfavorable reviews.^[198] She then ventured into television for the first time, in a production of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie. Hepburn had been wary of the medium but it proved to be one of the main television events of 1973, scoring high in the Nielsen ratings.^[199] Hepburn received an Emmy Award nomination for playing wistful Southern mother Amanda Wingfield, which opened her mind to future work on the small screen.^[200] Her next project was the television movie Love Among the Ruins (1975), a London-based Edwardian drama with Laurence Olivier. It received positive reviews and high ratings, and earned Hepburn her only Emmy Award.^[201]

Screenshot of Hepburn in rural clothes, age 68

In Rooster Cogburn (1975), which Hepburn starred in with John Wayne

Hepburn made her only appearance at the Academy Awards in 1974, to present the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award to Lawrence Weingarten. She received a standing ovation, and joked with the audience, "I'm very happy I didn't hear anyone call out 'It's about time'."^[202] The following year, she was paired with John Wayne in the Western Rooster Cogburn, a sequel to his Oscar-winning film True Grit. Echoing her African Queen character Rose Sayer, Hepburn again played a deeply religious spinster who teams up with a masculine loner to avenge a family member's death.^[198] The movie received mediocre reviews. Its casting was enough to draw some people to the box office, but it did not meet studio expectations and was only moderately successful.^[203]

In 1976, Hepburn returned to Broadway for a three-month run of A Matter of Gravity. The role of eccentric Mrs. Basil was deemed a perfect showcase for the actress,^[204] and the play was popular despite poor reviews.^[205] It later went on a successful nationwide tour.^[206] During its Los Angeles run, Hepburn fractured her hip. She chose to continue the tour performing in a wheelchair.^[207] That year, she was voted "Favorite Motion Picture Actress" by the People's Choice Awards.^[208] After three years away from the screen, Hepburn starred in the 1978 film Olly Olly Oxen Free. The adventure comedy was one of the biggest failures of her career—the screenwriter James Prideaux, who worked with Hepburn, later wrote that it "died at the moment of release" and referred to it as her "lost film".^[209] Hepburn claimed the main reason she had done the film was the opportunity to ride in a hot air balloon.^[210] The television movie The Corn Is Green (1979), which was filmed in Wales, followed. It was the last of ten films Hepburn made with George Cukor, and gained her a third Emmy nomination.^[211]

By the 1980s Hepburn had developed a noticeable tremor, giving her a permanently shaking head. She did not work for two years, saying in a television interview, "I've had my day—let the kids scramble and sweat it out."^[212] During this period she saw the Broadway production of On Golden Pond, and was impressed by its depiction of an elderly married couple coping with the difficulties of old age.^[213] Jane Fonda had purchased the screen rights for her father, actor Henry Fonda, and Hepburn sought to play opposite him in the role of quirky Ethel Thayer.^[214] On Golden Pond was a success, the second-highest grossing film of 1981.^[215] It demonstrated how energetic the 74-year-old Hepburn was, as she dived fully clothed into Squam Lake and gave a lively singing performance.^[213] The movie won her a second BAFTA and a record fourth Academy Award. Homer Dickens, in his book on Hepburn, notes that it was widely considered a sentimental win, "a tribute to her enduring career."^[216]

Hepburn also returned to the stage in 1981. She received a second Tony nomination for her portrayal in The West Side Waltz of a septuagenarian widow with a zest for life. Variety observed that the role was "an obvious and entirely acceptable version of [Hepburn's] own public image."^[217] Walter Kerr of The New York Times wrote of Hepburn and her performance, "One mysterious thing she has learned to do is breathe unchallengeable life into lifeless lines."^[218] She hoped to make a film out of the production, but nobody purchased the rights.^[219] Hepburn's reputation as one of America's best loved actors was firmly established by this point, as she was named favorite movie actress in a survey by People magazine and again won the popularity award from People's Choice.^[220]^[221]

Focus on television (1984–1994)[link]

File:Katharine Hepburn in Love Affair.jpg

Hepburn's final movie appearance was in Love Affair (1994). Critics commented that the 86 year old had lost none of her powerful screen presence.

In 1984, Hepburn starred in the dark comedy Grace Quigley, the story of an elderly woman who enlists a hitman (Nick Nolte) to kill her. Hepburn found humor in the morbid theme, but reviews were negative and the box office was poor.^[222] In 1985, she presented a television documentary about the life and career of Spencer Tracy.^[223] The majority of Hepburn's roles from this point were in television movies, which did not receive the critical praise of her earlier work in the medium but remained popular with audiences.^[224] With each release, Hepburn would declare it her final screen appearance, but she continued to take on new roles.^[225] She received an Emmy nomination for 1986's Mrs. Delafield Wants to Marry, then two years later returned for the comedy Laura Lansing Slept Here, which allowed Hepburn to act with her grandniece, Schuyler Grant. In 1991 she released her autobiography, Me: Stories of my Life. It topped best-seller lists for over a year.^[226] She returned to television screens in 1992 for The Man Upstairs, co-starring Ryan O'Neal, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination. In 1994 she worked opposite Anthony Quinn in This Can't Be Love, which was largely based on Hepburn's own life, with numerous references to her personality and career. These later roles have been described as "a fictional version of the typically feisty Kate Hepburn character" and critics have remarked that Hepburn was essentially playing herself.^[218]^[225]

Hepburn's final appearance in a theatrically released film, and her first since Grace Quigley ten years earlier, was Love Affair (1994). At 86 years old, she played a supporting role alongside Annette Bening and Warren Beatty. It was the only film of Hepburn's career, other than the cameo appearance in Stage Door Canteen, in which she did not play a leading role.^[227] Roger Ebert noted that it was the first time Hepburn had looked frail, but that the "magnificent spirit" was still there and said her scenes "steal the show".^[228] The New York Times made similar observations as they reflected on the actress's final big-screen appearance, stating that "if she moved more slowly than before, in demeanor she was as game and modern as she had ever been".^[218] Hepburn filmed one final role in the television movie One Christmas (1994), for which she received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination at 87 years old.^[229]

Personal life [link]

Public image and character [link]

"I strike people as peculiar in some way, although I don't quite understand why. Of course, I have an angular face, an angular body and, I suppose, an angular personality, which jabs into people."^[218]

"I'm a personality as well as an actress. Show me an actress who isn't a personality and you'll show me a woman who isn't a star."^[230]

—Hepburn commenting on her personality.

Known for being fiercely private,^[218] Hepburn would not give interviews or talk to fans for much of her career. Her life, she felt, was no-one else's business.^[84] Uninterested in a social scene she saw as tedious and superficial, she distanced herself from the celebrity lifestyle,^[231] and she wore casual clothes that went strongly against convention in an era of glamour.^[232] She rarely appeared in public, even avoiding restaurants,^[233] and once wrestled a camera out of a photographer's hand when he took a picture without asking.^[234] Despite this she enjoyed the fame, and confessed that she would not have liked the press to ignore her completely.^[235] The protective attitude thawed as she aged; beginning with a two-hour long interview on The Dick Cavett Show in 1973, Hepburn became increasingly open with the public.^[236]

Hepburn's relentless energy and enthusiasm for life is often cited in biographies,^[237] while a headstrong independence became key to her celebrity status.^[82]^[218]^[238] This self-assuredness meant she could be controlling and difficult; her friend Garson Kanin likened her to a schoolmistress,^[239] and she was famously blunt and outspoken.^[232] Katharine Houghton commented that her aunt could be "maddeningly self-righteous and bossy".^[240] Hepburn confessed to being, especially early in life, "a me me me person".^[241] She saw herself as having a happy nature, reasoning "I like life and I've been so lucky, why shouldn't I be happy?"^[177] A. Scott Berg knew Hepburn well in her later years, and said that while she was demanding, there remained a sense of humility and humanity.^[242] She led an active private life, reportedly swimming and playing tennis every morning.^[149] In her eighties she was still playing tennis regularly, as indicated in her 1993 documentary All About Me.^[29] She also enjoyed painting, which became a passion later in life.^[243] A small bust she sculpted of Spencer Tracy's head was featured in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner.^[244]

When questioned about politics, Hepburn told an interviewer, "I always just say be on the affirmative and liberal side. Don't be a 'no' person."^[6] The anti-communist hysteria in 1940s Hollywood prompted her to political activity, and she made a speech against censorship in May 1947 that shocked the public.^[133] Targeted by right-wing activists as a supposed communist sympathizer, she was mentioned at the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee.^[133] She insisted that the claims made about her were untrue.^[245] For decades, Hepburn openly promoted birth control and supported abortion.^[29]^[82] She found great spirituality in existence, practicing Albert Schweitzer's theory of "Reverence for Life",^[246] but did not believe in religion or the afterlife.^[6] In 1991, Hepburn told a journalist, "I'm an atheist, and that's it. I believe there's nothing we can know except that we should be kind to each other and do what we can for other people."^[247] Her public declarations of these beliefs led the American Humanist Association to award her the Humanist Arts Award in 1985.^[248]

Relationships [link]

Hepburn's only husband was Ludlow Ogden Smith, a socialite businessman from Philadelphia whom she met while a student at Bryn Mawr. The couple married on December 12, 1928, when she was 21 and he was 29.^[249] Hepburn made Smith change his name to S. Ogden Ludlow so that she would not be known as "Kate Smith". It was too plain, she insisted, and disliked that it was the name of an overweight singer who was popular at the time.^[34] Hepburn never fully committed to the relationship and prioritized her career.^[249] The move to Hollywood in 1932 cemented their estrangement,^[250] and in 1934, she traveled to Mexico to get a quick divorce. Hepburn often expressed her gratitude toward Smith for his financial and moral support in the early days of her career, and in her autobiography called herself "a terrible pig" for exploiting his love.^[251] They remained friends until his death in 1979.^[252]

Soon after moving to California, Hepburn began a relationship with her agent Leland Hayward. Both were married.^[67] Hayward proposed to Hepburn after they had each divorced, but she did not wish to be married again.^[253] She "liked the idea of being my own single self."^[254] They were involved for four years.^[255] In 1936, while she was touring Jane Eyre, Hepburn began a relationship with entrepreneur Howard Hughes. They first met while Hepburn was filming Sylvia Scarlett, when they were introduced by their mutual friend Cary Grant.^[256] Hughes wished to marry her, and the tabloids reported their impending nuptials, but at that time Hepburn was too focused on resurrecting her failing career.^[257] They separated in 1938, when Hepburn left Hollywood after being labeled "box office poison".^[258]

Hepburn stuck to her decision not to remarry, and made a conscious choice not to have children. She felt that motherhood should be a full-time commitment, and it was not one she was willing to make.^[6] "I would have been a terrible mother," she told Berg, "because I'm basically a very selfish human being."^[259] She felt she had partially experienced parenthood through her much younger siblings, which fulfilled any need to have children of her own.^[260] Rumors have existed since the 1930s that Hepburn may have been a lesbian or bisexual.^[261] In 2007, William J. Mann released a biography of the actress in which he argued this was the case.^[262] In response to this speculation about her aunt, Katharine Houghton said, "I've never discovered any evidence whatsoever that she was a lesbian."^[263]

Spencer Tracy [link]

Hepburn is sitting with Spencer Tracy, she age 50 and he age 57, and they are smiling at each other.

Hepburn had a 26-year relationship with actor Spencer Tracy, although he never divorced his wife. Promotional image for Desk Set, 1957.

The most significant relationship of Hepburn's life was with Spencer Tracy. In her autobiography she wrote, "It was a unique feeling that I had for [Tracy]. I would have done anything for him."^[264] Lauren Bacall, a close friend, later wrote of how "blindingly" in love Hepburn was with the actor.^[265] The relationship has subsequently received much publicity, and it is often cited as one of Hollywood's legendary love affairs.^[218]^[236]^[266] Meeting when she was 34 and he was 41, Tracy was initially wary of Hepburn, unimpressed that she had dirty fingernails and suspecting that she was a lesbian,^[267] but Hepburn said she "knew right away that I found him irresistible."^[268] Tracy remained married throughout their relationship; although he and his wife Louise had been living separate lives since the 1930s, there was never an official split and neither party pursued a divorce.^[269] Hepburn did not interfere, and never fought for marriage.^[270] With Tracy determined to conceal the relationship with Hepburn from his wife, it had to remain private.^[271] They were careful not to be seen in public together, and maintained separate residences.^[266]^[272] Tracy was a periodic alcoholic and troubled individual, whom Hepburn described as "tortured" by guilt and misery,^[273] and she devoted herself to making his life easier.^[274] Reports from people who saw them together describe how Hepburn's entire demeanor changed when around Tracy.^[275] She mothered and obeyed him, and Tracy became heavily dependent on her.^[276] They often spent stretches of time apart due to their work, particularly in the 1950s when Hepburn was largely abroad for career commitments.^[277]

Tracy's health declined significantly in the 1960s, and Hepburn took a five-year break in her career to care for him.^[177] She moved into Tracy's house for this period, and was with him when he died on June 10, 1967.^[278] Out of consideration for Tracy's family, she did not attend his funeral.^[279] It was only after Louise Tracy's death, in 1983, that Hepburn began to speak publicly about her feelings for her frequent co-star.^[280] In response to the question of why she stayed with Tracy for so long, despite the nature of their relationship, she said, "I honestly don't know. I can only say that I could never have left him."^[177] She claimed not to know how Tracy felt about her^[281] and that they "just passed twenty-seven years [sic] together in what was to me absolute bliss."^[281]

Final years and death [link]

Hepburn stated in her eighties, "I have no fear of death. Must be wonderful, like a long sleep."^[29] Her health began to deteriorate not long after her final screen appearance. In the winter of 1996 she was hospitalized with pneumonia.^[282] By 1997 she had become very weak, was speaking and eating very little, and it was feared she would die.^[283] She showed signs of dementia in her final years.^[284] In May 2003, an aggressive tumor was found in Hepburn's neck. The decision was made not to medically intervene,^[285] and she died on June 29, 2003, at the Hepburn family home in Fenwick, Connecticut. She was 96 years old and was buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Hartford. Hepburn requested that there be no memorial service.^[286]

Hepburn's death received considerable public attention. Many tributes were held on television, and newspapers and magazines dedicated issues to the actress.^[287] American president George W. Bush said Hepburn "will be remembered as one of the nation's artistic treasures."^[288] In honor of her extensive theatre work, the lights of Broadway were dimmed for the evening of July 1, 2003.^[288] In 2004, in accordance with Hepburn's wishes, her belongings were put up for auction with Sotheby's in New York. The event garnered $5.8 million, which Hepburn willed to her family.^[289]

Performances: technique and analysis [link]

"Her best films were when she was presented as a woman on her high horse with slightly pretentious, often comically stated ideas about the world. It was for men to bring her down and get her to reveal herself as quite a good gal, sporty and democratic. We liked the idea that aristocratic people would be humanized by democratic values—in her case, by slightly rough-necked and good-natured males."^[176]

—Film historian and critic Richard Schickel explains the typical Hepburn role and its appeal.

According to reports, Hepburn was not an instinctive actor.^[290] She liked to study the text and character carefully beforehand, making sure she knew them thoroughly, and then to rehearse as much as possible and film multiple takes of a scene.^[184] With a genuine passion for the industry she committed heavily to each role,^[291] and insisted on learning any necessary skills and performing stunts herself.^[292] She was known to learn not only her own lines but also those of her co-stars.^[293] Commenting on her motivation, Stanley Kramer said, "Work, work, work. She can work till everyone drops."^[294] Hepburn involved herself in the production of each of her films, making suggestions for the script and stating her opinion on everything from costumes to lighting to camerawork.^[295]

The characters Hepburn played were, with very few exceptions, wealthy and intelligent, and often strong and independent.^[296] These tough characters tended to be humbled in some form and revealed to have a hidden vulnerability.^[297] Garson Kanin described what he called "the formula for a Hepburn success: A high-class, or stuck-up ... girl is brought down to earth by an earthy type, or a lowbrow ... or a cataclysmic situation. It seems to have worked time and time again."^[298] Due to this repeated character arc, Britton sees Hepburn as embodying the "contradictions" of the "nature and status of women",^[299] as the strong females she depicts are eventually "restored to a safe position within the status quo".^[300] Film critic Molly Haskell has commented on the importance of this to Hepburn's career: with an intimidating presence, it was necessary that her characters "do some kind of self-abasement, to stay on the good side of the audience."^[82]

Hepburn is one of America's most celebrated actresses,^[301] but she has also been criticized for a lack of versatility. Her on-screen persona closely matched her own real personality, something Hepburn admitted herself. In 1991 she told a journalist, "I think I'm always the same. I had a very definite personality and I liked material that showed that personality."^[266] Playwright and author David Macaray has said, "Picture Katharine Hepburn in every movie she ever starred in and ask yourself if she's not playing, essentially, the same part over and over ... Icon or no icon, let's not confuse a truly fascinating and unique woman with a superior actress."^[302] Another repeated criticism is that her demeanor was too cold.^[266]

Legacy [link]

Film still of Hepburn in Woman of the Year

Hepburn, with her unconventional lifestyle and the independent females she played on screen (such as Tess Harding in Woman of the Year, pictured), represented the emancipated woman in 20th-century America.

Hepburn is considered an important and influential cultural figure. Ros Horton and Sally Simmons included her in their book Women Who Changed The World, which honors 50 women who helped shape world history and culture.^[303] She is also named in Encyclopædia Britannica's list of "300 Women Who Changed the World",^[232] Ladies Home Journal's book 100 Most Important Women of the 20th century,^[304] Variety magazine's "100 Icons of the Century",^[305] and she is number 84 on VH1's list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time".^[306]

The legacy of Hepburn lies both on screen and off. Broadcaster Sheridan Morley has said she "broke the mold" for women in Hollywood,^[307] where she brought a new breed of strong-willed females to the screen.^[232] Film academic Andrew Britton wrote a monograph studying Hepburn's "key presence within classical Hollywood, a consistent, potentially radical disturbance",^[300] and pinpoints her "central" influence in bringing feminist issues to the screen.^[299] Maryann Pasda DiEdwardo has claimed that Hepburn's performances fostered a "decisiveness toward a new vision of women."^[308] Off screen, Hepburn lived in a manner ahead of her time.^[238] She thus came to symbolize the "modern woman" and played a part in changing attitudes towards the gender.^[82]^[309] Horton and Simmons write, "Confident, intelligent and witty, four-time Oscar winner Katharine Hepburn defied convention throughout her professional and personal life ... Hepburn provided an image of an assertive woman whom [females] could watch and learn from."^[310] After Hepburn's death, film historian Jeanine Basinger stated, "What she brought us was a new kind of heroine—modern and independent. She was beautiful, but she did not rely on that."^[176] Mary McNamara, an entertainment journalist and reviewer for the Los Angeles Times wrote, "More than a movie star, Katharine Hepburn was the patron saint of the independent American female."^[82] She was not universally revered by feminists, however, who were angered by her public declarations that women "cannot have it all", meaning a family and a career.^[82]

Hepburn's legacy extends to fashion, where she was a pioneer for wearing trousers at a time when it was radical for a woman to do so.^[311] She contributed towards making trousers acceptable for women, as fans began to imitate her clothing.^[218]^[312] In 1986 she received a lifetime achievement award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America in recognition of the influence she played in women's fashion.^[218]

A number of Hepburn's films have become classics of American cinema, with four of her pictures (The African Queen, The Philadelphia Story, Bringing Up Baby, and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner) featuring on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest American Films of all time.^[313] Adam's Rib and Woman of the Year were included in the AFI's list of the Greatest American Comedies.^[314] Her clipped, patrician voice is considered one of the most distinctive in film history.^[176] [ Sample, from Stage Door (1937) (help·info)]

Memorials [link]

A street sign that reads "E 49 St", with another underneath it that reads "Katharine Hepburn Place".

East 49th Street in New York City, named after Katharine Hepburn

Hepburn has been honored with several memorials. The Turtle Bay community in Manhattan, New York City, where she maintained a residence for over 60 years, dedicated a garden in her name in 1997.^[315] After Hepburn's death in 2003, the intersection of East 49th Street and 2nd Avenue was renamed "Katharine Hepburn Place".^[316] Three years later Bryn Mawr College, Hepburn's alma mater, launched the Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center. It is dedicated to both the actress and her mother, and encourages women to address important issues affecting their gender. The center awards the annual Katharine Hepburn Medal, which "recognizes women whose lives, work and contributions embody the intelligence, drive and independence of the four-time-Oscar-winning actress".^[317] The Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center was opened in 2009 in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, the location of the Hepburn family beach home which she loved and later owned.^[318] The building includes a performance space and a Katharine Hepburn museum.^[319]

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences library^[320] and the New York Public Library hold collections of Hepburn's personal papers. The New York collection, which documents Hepburn's theatrical career, was presented in a five-month exhibition, Katharine Hepburn: In Her Own Files, in 2009.^[321] Other exhibitions have been held to showcase Hepburn's career. One Life: Kate, A Centennial Celebration was held at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington from November 2007 to September 2008.^[322] Kent State University exhibited a selection of Hepburn's film and theatre costumes from October 2010 to September 2011 in Katharine Hepburn: Dressed for Stage and Screen.^[323] Hepburn has also been honored with her own postal stamp as part of the "Legends of Hollywood" stamp series.^[324]

Characterizations [link]

Hepburn is the subject of a one-woman play, Tea at Five, written by Matthew Lombardo. The first act features Hepburn in 1938, after being labeled "box office poison", and the second act in 1983, where she reflects on her life and career.^[325] It was first performed in 2002 at the Hartford Stage.^[326] Hepburn has been portrayed in Tea at Five by Kate Mulgrew,^[325] Tovah Feldshuh,^[327] Stephanie Zimbalist,^[328] and Charles Busch.^[329] Feldshuh also appeared as Hepburn in The Amazing Howard Hughes, a 1977 television movie. Mearle Ann Taylor portrayed her in The Scarlett O'Hara War (1980). In Martin Scorsese's 2004 biopic of Howard Hughes, The Aviator, Hepburn was portrayed by Cate Blanchett, who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. This marked the first instance where the portrayal of an Academy Award-winning actress was turned into an Academy Award-winning role.^[330]

Awards and nominations [link]

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Katharine Hepburn

Hepburn won four Academy Awards, the record number for a performer, and a total of 12 Oscar nominations for Best Actress—a number surpassed only by Meryl Streep.^[331] Hepburn also holds the record for the longest time span between first and last Oscar nominations, at 48 years.^[331] She received two awards and five nominations from the British Academy Film Awards, one award and six nominations from the Emmy Awards, eight Golden Globe nominations, two Tony Award nominations, and awards from the Cannes Film Festival, Venice Film Festival, the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, the People's Choice Awards, and others. She won a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 1979 and received the Kennedy Center Honors, which recognize a lifetime of accomplishments in the arts, in 1990.^[332]^[333]

Hepburn was recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the following performances:

6th Academy Awards (1934): Best Actress, win, for Morning Glory
8th Academy Awards (1936): Best Actress, nomination, for Alice Adams
13th Academy Awards (1941): Best Actress, nomination, for The Philadelphia Story
15th Academy Awards (1943): Best Actress, nomination, for Woman of the Year
24th Academy Awards (1952): Best Actress, nomination, for The African Queen
28th Academy Awards (1956): Best Actress, nomination, for Summertime
29th Academy Awards (1957): Best Actress, nomination, for The Rainmaker
32nd Academy Awards (1960): Best Actress, nomination, for Suddenly, Last Summer
35th Academy Awards (1963): Best Actress, nomination, for Long Day's Journey into Night
40th Academy Awards (1968): Best Actress, win, for Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
41st Academy Awards (1969): Best Actress, win, for The Lion in Winter (shared with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl)
54th Academy Awards (1982): Best Actress, win, for On Golden Pond

Filmography and theatre credits [link]

Main article: Katharine Hepburn film and theatre credits

During her 66-year career, Hepburn appeared in 44 feature films, 8 television movies, and 33 plays. Her movie career covered a range of genres, including screwball comedies, period dramas, and adaptations of works by America's top playwrights. She appeared on the stage in every decade from the 1920s to the 1980s, performing plays by Shakespeare and Shaw, and a Broadway musical.^[334]^[335]

Select filmography:

Morning Glory (1933)
Little Women (1933)
Alice Adams (1935)
Stage Door (1937)
Bringing Up Baby (1938)
Holiday (1938)
The Philadelphia Story (1940)
Woman of the Year (1942)
State of the Union (1948)
Adam's Rib (1949)

Select theatre roles:

The Philadelphia Story (1939–1941)
As You Like It (1950)
The Millionairess (1952)
The Taming of the Shrew (1955)
Measure for Measure (1955)
The Merchant of Venice (1955 and 1957)
Much Ado About Nothing (1957)
Twelfth Night (1960)
Antony and Cleopatra (1960)
Coco (1969–1970)
The West Side Waltz (1981)

References [link]

^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars". American Film Institute. June 16, 1999. http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Britton (2003) p. 41.
^ Berg (2004), p. 40.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 37.
^ Higham (2004) p. 2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Katharine Hepburn: Part 2". The Dick Cavett Show. October 3, 1973. American Broadcasting Company. Stated by Hepburn in this interview.
^ Higham (2004) p. 4; Chandler (2011) p. 39; Prideaux (1996) p. 74.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 21.
^ "Katharine Hepburn: Part 1". The Dick Cavett Show. October 2, 1973. American Broadcasting Company. Hepburn described herself as "enormously lucky" in this interview when talking about her background. When asked if this was the reason for her success, she responded: "Well, I think that in the first place, it's lucky if you have an intelligent, and brilliant, and inspiring father and mother, and it's lucky if you had experiences before the age of 15 which teach you not to be afraid."
^ Berg (2004) p. 47, writes that Hepburn called her family "the great advantage she had had in her life and her career" and that it gave her "a leg up".
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 30; Kanin (1971) p. 82.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 30.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 43.; Higham (2004) p. 2.
^ ^a ^b Higham (2004) p. 7.
^ Higham (2004) p. 3.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 34.
^ Higham (2004) p. 4.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 44.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 46.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 6.
^ Higham (2004) p. 5.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 49.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 7.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 285.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 69.
^ ^a ^b Dickens (1990) p. 4.
^ Horton and Simmons (2007) p. 119.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Cinema: The Hepburn Story". Time. September 1, 1952. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,816908,00.html. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Directed by David Healy (18 January, 1993). "Katharine Hepburn: All About Me". Turner Network Television. Stated by Hepburn in this documentary.
^ Higham (2004) p. 8.
^ Hepburn (1991) p.81.
^ ^a ^b ^c Higham (2004) p. 9.
^ Berg (2004) p. 59; Higham (2004) p. 9.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 73.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 109.
^ Higham (2004) p. 11.
^ Higham (2004) p. 16; Hepburn (1991) p. 112.
^ ^a ^b Higham (2004) p. 16.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 22.
^ ^a ^b Hepburn (1991) p. 118.
^ Berg (2004) p. 74.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 120.
^ Higham (2004) p. 17.
^ Berg (2004) p. 75.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 229.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 128.
^ Higham (2004) p. 23.
^ Higham (2004) p. 21.
^ Haver (1980) p. 94.
^ ^a ^b ^c Haver (1980) p. 96.
^ Prideaux (1996) p. 15, quotes Hepburn saying: "It never occured to me to doubt myself. When I first worked with John Barrymore, I watched him a bit and thought ... 'I can handle this perfectly easily!'".
^ Higham (2004) pp. 30–31.
^ Berg (2004) p. 82.
^ [[Mordaunt Hall |Hall, Mordaunt]] (October 3, 1932). "A Bill of Divorcement (1932)". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9801E7D81331E633A25750C0A9669D946394D6CF. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^ "A Bill of Divorcement". Variety. October 1932. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117789265/. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^ Higham (2004) p. 39.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 178 for films; p. 181 for friendship.
^ Berg (2004) p. 84.
^ Higham (2004) p. 44.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 86.
^ Berg (2004) p. 85.
^ Berg (2004) p. 88.
^ Berg (2004), p. 89; Higham (2004) p. 57.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 91.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 92.
^ Berg (2004) p. 89.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 90.
^ Higham (2004) p. 60.
^ Higham (2004) p. 62.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 166.
^ Berg (2004) p. 93.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 4.
^ Berg (2004) p. 105.
^ Higham (2004) p. 66.
^ Berg (2004) p. 106.
^ Higham (2004) p. 68.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 109.
^ Berg (2004) p. 110.
^ Berg (2004) pp.111–112.
^ Berg (2004) p. 112.
^ Horton and Simmons (2007) p. 120.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h McNamara, Mary (July 1, 2003). "It was her defining role: life". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jul/01/entertainment/et-mary1. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 284.
^ ^a ^b Kanin (1971) p. 85.
^ Berg (2004) p. 111.
^ Britton (2003) p. 16.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 114.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 105.
^ Haver (1980) pp. 237–238.
^ Higham (2004) p. 94.
^ Dickstein (2002) pp. 48–50.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 116.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 238.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 117.
^ Higham (2004) p. 88.
^ Higham (2004) p. 90.
^ ^a ^b ^c Berg (2004) p. 118.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 201.
^ Verlhac (2009) p. 8; Chandler (2011) p. 142.
^ Edwards (1985) p. 166.
^ Berg (2004) p. 119.
^ Britton (2003) p. 13.
^ Higham (2004) p. 97.
^ Berg (2004) p. 132.
^ Berg (2004), p. 133.
^ Berg (2004) p. 136.
^ Berg (2004) p. 137.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 224.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 217.
^ ^a ^b Dickens (1990) p. 17.
^ Berg (2004) p. 139
^ Berg (2004) pp. 139–140.
^ "The New Pictures, Jan. 20, 1941". Time. January 20, 1941. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,772652,00.html. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
^ Golden, Herb (November 26, 1940). "The Philadelphia Story review". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117793988. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
^ Higham (2004) p. 104.
^ "1940 Awards". New York Film Critics Circle. http://www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1940. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 81.
^ Berg (2004) p. 147.
^ Higham (2004) p. 113.
^ ^a ^b Curtis (2011) p. 457.
^ Berg (2004) p. 178.
^ Berg (2004) p. 175.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 480; Kanin (1971) p. 5.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 149.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 702, quotes Tracy's daughter as saying: "[alcoholism] was something [my father] had to battle all his life." For insomnia, see Curtis (2011) pp. 508, 662, 670, 727.
^ Berg (2004) p. 179.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 18.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 522.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 515.
^ Higham (2004) p. 129.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 549.
^ Higham (2004) p. 131.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Curtis (2011) p. 555.
^ Berg (2004) p. 182.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 564.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 246.
^ Kanin (1971) pp. 156–157.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 587.
^ Crowther, Bosley (December 26, 1949). "'Adam's Rib,' 'Tight Little Island,' 'Amazing Mr. Beecham' Among Movie Newcomers". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E02E5DC1F3BE23BBC4E51DFB4678382659EDE. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^ Berg (2004) p. 192.
^ Berg (2004) p. 193.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 728.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 267.
^ Berg (2004) p. 186.
^ Berg (2004) p. 194.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 21.
^ Berg (2004) p. 198.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 633.
^ ^a ^b Kanin (1971) p. 169.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 622.
^ Berg (2004) pp. 198–199.
^ "Katharine Hepburn Golden Globe Awards history". The Hollywood Foreign Press Association. http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/member/29415. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Chandler (2011) p. 200.
^ ^a ^b Curtis (2011) p. 635.
^ ^a ^b Dickens (1990) p. 22.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 163; Berg (2004) p. 200.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 253.
^ Edwards (1985) pp. 291–292.
^ Berg (2004) p. 202.
^ "Summertime Film Review". Film4. http://www.film4.com/reviews/1955/summertime. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 204.
^ Berg (2004) p. 203.
^ ^a ^b ^c Berg (2004) p. 204.
^ ^a ^b Dickens (1990) p. 166.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 206.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 738.
^ Berg (2004) p. 209.
^ Kanin (1971) pp. 218–219. The dispute was primarily over Mankiewicz's behavior towards Montgommery Clift, whom Hepburn sympathized with after some personal troubles and felt was being treated unfairly.
^ Berg (2004) p. 210.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 219.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 220.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 239.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 270.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 242.
^ Berg (2004) p. 212.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Baum, Geraldine (June 30, 2003). "Classy Film Feminist Had Brains, Beauty, That Voice". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jun/30/local/me-hepburn30. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hepburn (1991) p. 393. "I virtually quit work just to be there so that he wouldn't worry or be lonely."
^ Curtis (2011) p. 823.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 849.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 249.
^ Berg (2004) p. 255.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 259.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 255.
^ ^a ^b Kanin (1971) p. 6.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 257, describes the "thrilling" location. Anthony Harvey is quoted in Curtis (2011) p. 877.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 192.
^ Berg (2004) p. 251.
^ Higham (2004) p. 210.
^ Higham (2004) p. 211.
^ Berg (2004) p. 252.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 253.
^ Berg (2004) p. 254.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 296.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 297.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 302.
^ ^a ^b Dickens (1990) p. 202.
^ Edwards (1985) pp. 374–376.
^ ^a ^b Dickens (1990) p. 29.
^ Berg (2004), pp. 256–257; Higham (2004) p. 227.
^ Berg (2004) p. 257.
^ Berg (2004) p. 258.
^ Produced by The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (April 2, 1974). "46th Academy Awards". National Broadcasting Company.
^ Berg (2004) p. 29; Dickens (1990) pp. 29–30.
^ Edwards (1985) p. 390.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 30.
^ Berg (2004) p. 259.
^ Higham (2004) p. 230.
^ "People's Choice Awards 1976 Nominees". People's Choice. http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=1976. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ Prideaux (1996) p. 123.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 280.
^ "Katharine Hepburn Emmy Awards history". Primetime Emmy Awards. http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/katharine-hepburn. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 31.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 261.
^ Higham (2004) p. 234.
^ "1981 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1981&p=.htm. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 218.
^ Dickens (1990) p. 245.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ James, Caryn (June 30, 2003). "Katharine Hepburn, Spirited Actress, Dies at 90". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/30/movies/katharine-hepburn-spirited-actress-dies-at-96.html. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
^ Berg (2004) p. 262.
^ "It's Your Turn! – Reader's Poll". People. April 19, 1982. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20081942,00.html. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ "People's Choice Awards 1983 Nominees". People's Choice. http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=1983. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 286; Dickens (1990) p. 34.
^ Prideaux (1996) p. 156.
^ Berg (2004) p. 264.
^ ^a ^b "Laura Lansing Slept Here (1988) – Overview". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/126954/Laura-Lansing-Slept-Here/overview. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
^ Berg (2004) p. 268.
^ Berg (2004) p. 280.
^ Ebert, Roger (October 21, 1994). "Love Affair". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19941021/REVIEWS/410210302. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^ "The Inaugural Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. http://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/inaugural-screen-actors-guild-awards#nominee-1601. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ "Obituary: Katharine Hepburn". BBC News Online. June 30, 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3030798.stm. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
^ Higham (2004) pp. 35, 37; Verlhac (2009) p. 8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "300 Women Who Changed the World: Katharine Hepburn". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/women/article-9040079. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 100; Berg (2004) p. 289; Prideaux (1996) p. 20.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 464.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 114; Prideaux (1996) p. 60: "[Hepburn's] privacy is jealously guarded ... But she's also an actress and a star, and part of her wants to be recognized even as she pretends not to."
^ ^a ^b Rich, Frank (September 29, 1991). "A Wild Desire to Be Absolutely Fascinating". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/29/books/a-wild-desire-to-be-absolutely-fascinating.html. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
^ Higham (2004) pp. 18, 34, 65, 172, 184, 192; Berg (2004) pp. 112, 188; Kanin (1971) pp. 7, 8, 160, 276; Dickens (1990), p. 194; Prideaux (1996) pp. 19, 140.
^ ^a ^b Berg (2004) p. 313.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 54.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 514.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 389.
^ Berg (2004) p. 275.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 208.
^ "$316K For Hepburn's Bust Of Tracy". CBS News. February 11, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/06/11/entertainment/main622546.shtml. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 943. In the notes for page 555, a quotation is given by Harrison Carroll from 9/9/47: "She has already stated her views in an interview with a radio commentator a few days ago, in which she said she was not a communist sympathizer."
^ Kanin (1971) p. 251.
^ Blyth, Myrna (October 1, 1991). "Kate Talks Straight". Ladies Home Journal: p. 215.
^ "Humanist Profile – Brief Article". The Humanist. Sept–Oct 2003. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_5_63/ai_107897319/. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Higham (2004) p. 10.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 153.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 154.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 54.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 185.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 191.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 189.
^ Berg (2004) p. 127.
^ Berg (2004) p. 131.
^ Berg (2004) p. 132; Hepburn (1991) pp. 204–205.
^ Berg (2004) p. 50.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 37.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 881.
^ Mann (2007) p. xxiv. "That Hepburn loved other women, that she made her life with other women, is a defining aspect of her story."
^ Curtis (2011) p. 449.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 392.
^ Bacall (2005) p. 488.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d James, Caryn (September 1, 1991). "Katharine Hepburn: The Movie". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/01/arts/katharine-hepburn-the-movie.html. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 400.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 395.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 718.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 405.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 583.
^ Berg (2004) p. 187.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 399.
^ Hepburn (1991) pp. 389, "His interests and demands came first"; p. 393: "I wanted him to be happy—safe—comfortable. I liked to wait on him—listen to him—feed him—work for him. I tried not to disturb him ... I was happy to do this"; Bacall (2005), p. 488: "Her sole aim was to please him, which she unfailingly did"; Curtis (2011) p. 749, "[Hepburn continued] being all that she could be for him."
^ Higham (2004) p. 191; Chandler (2011) p. 153; Curtis (2011) p. 747.
^ Curtis (2011) pp. 493, 623, 727, 747, 798.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 716; Kanin (1971) p. 241.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 861.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 878.
^ Berg (2004) p. 163.
^ ^a ^b Hepburn (1991) p. 396.
^ Berg (2004) p. 306.
^ Berg (2004) p. 307.
^ Berg (2004) pp. 311, 322; Bacall (2005) pp. 489–490.
^ Berg (2004) p. 323.
^ Teather, David (June 30, 2003). "Katharine Hepburn, film star for 60 years, dies at 96". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/jun/30/film.usa. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
^ Bacall (2005) p. 485.
^ ^a ^b "Film star Katharine Hepburn dies". BBC News Online. June 30, 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3030792.stm. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ "Hepburn auction in US makes $5.8m". BBC News Online. June 13, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3802629.stm. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ Curtis (2011) p. 435
^ Higham (2004) pp. 30, 34; Kanin (1971) p. 18; Prideaux (1996) p. 149.
^ Higham (2004) p. 131; Chandler (2011) p. 287.
^ Chandler (2011) p. 241; Higham (2004) p. 53.
^ Higham (2004) p. 201.
^ Curtis (2011) pp. 508, 539, 844; Higham (2004) pp. 34, 126, 139, 180; Kanin (1971) p. 271; Berg (2004) p. 144; Prideaux (1996) p. 141.
^ Horton and Simmons (2007) p. 118.
^ French, Philip (April 12, 2009). "Philip French's Screen Legends: Katharine Hepburn". The Observer. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/apr/12/katharine-hepburn-screen-legend. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 80.
^ ^a ^b Britton (2003) p. 8.
^ ^a ^b Britton (2003) p. 6.
^ King, Susan (May 27, 2007). "Kate at 100: No one else like her". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/may/27/entertainment/ca-secondlook27. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
^ Macaray, David (July 14, 2003). "Admire Hepburn's qualities, but not her acting". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jul/14/entertainment/et-counterpunch14. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
^ ASIN 1847240267, Women Who Changed the World
^ "100 Most Important Women of the 20th Century". Barnes & Noble. http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/100-most-important-women-of-the-20th-century-ladies-home-journal/1015132367. Retrieved October 4, 2011. Hepburn can be seen pictured on the book cover.
^ Dawes, Amy (October 16, 2005). "100 Icons of the Century: Katharine Hepburn". Variety. http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=variety100&content=jump&jump=icon&articleID=VR1117930654. Retrieved October 6, 2011. ^{[dead link]}
^ "The 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons Complete Ranked List" (Press release). VH1. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-200-greatest-pop-culture-icons-complete-ranked-list-70807437.html. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
^ Morley, Sheridan (June 30, 2003). "Hepburn's spirited legacy". BBC News Online. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3031684.stm. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ DiEdwardo (2006) p. 42.
^ Berg (2004) p. 17.
^ Horton and Simmons (2007) pp. 118–121.
^ Herman-Cohen, Valli (July 1, 2003). "The fashion rebel". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jul/01/entertainment/et-herman1. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
^ Kanin (1971) p. 271.
^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/100years/movies.aspx. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/100Years/laughs.aspx. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
^ "Katharine Hepburn Garden". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=9755. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
^ Polsky, Sara (August 31, 2010). "Katharine Hepburn's Turtle Bay House for Rent at $27.5K/Month". Curbed. http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2010/08/31/katharine_hepburns_turtle_bay_house_for_rent_at_275kmonth.php. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
^ "Mission and History". Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center, Bryn Mawr College. http://www.brynmawr.edu/hepburn/mission.shtml. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ Hepburn (1991) p. 59, "Fenwick is and always has been my other paradise."
^ "About". The Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center. http://www.katharinehepburntheater.org/blog/about/. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
^ "Hepburn papers donated to library". BBC News Online. October 7, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3722542.stm. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
^ Hubert, Diana (June 11, 2009). "Actress Katharine Hepburn Honored in New Exhibit". The Epoch Times. http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/18001/. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
^ "Visit. One Life: Kate, a Centennial Celebration". National Portrait Gallery. http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/hepburn/visit.html. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
^ "Katharine Hepburn Exhibition Debuts". Kent State University. http://www.kent.edu/news/announcements/success/hepburnexhibition.cfm. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
^ "Katharine Hepburn Stamp: Actress Honored On Postage Stamp". The Huffington Post. May 13, 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/13/katharine-hepburn-stamp-a_n_574938.html. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Weber, Bruce (March 18, 2003). "Theater Review; Two Snapshots of a Hollywood Legend at Home". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/18/theater/theater-review-two-snapshots-of-a-hollywood-legend-at-home.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
^ Clay, Carolyn (February 21–28, 2002). "Tea and Kate". The Boston Phoenix. http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/arts/theater/documents/02164902.htm. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ Gans, Andrew (December 19, 2007). "Feldshuh Is Hepburn in Tour of Lombardo's Tea at Five, Beginning Dec. 19". Playbill. http://www.playbill.com/news/article/113646-Feldshuh-Is-Hepburn-in-Tour-of-Lombardos-Tea-at-Five-Beginning-Dec-19. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Donelan, Charles (December 2, 2009). "Tea at Five Tells Hepburn Story". The Santa Barbara Independent. http://www.independent.com/news/2009/dec/02/tea-five-tells-hepburn-story/. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
^ "Home". Tea at Five. http://www.teaatfive.org/TeaAt5/HOME.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
^ "Cate Blanchett Biography". Yahoo! Movies. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800018917/bio. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Academy Awards Best Actress". filmsite. http://www.filmsite.org/bestactress.html. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
^ "Katharine Hepburn – Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000031/awards. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
^ "List of Kennedy Center Honorees". The Kennedy Center. http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/specialevents/honors/history.cfm. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
^ "Katharine Hepburn – Filmography by Type". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000031/filmotype. Retrieved November 26, 2011. Note: the number of 44 feature films is given here because Stage Door Canteen has been added, while Internet Movie Database includes that film under "Self".
^ Dickens (1990) pp. 225–245 gives a full listing of stage performances.

Sources

Bacall, Lauren (2005). By Myself and Then Some. London: Headline. ISBN 0-7553-1350-X.
Berg, Scott A. (2004 edition [First published 2003]). Kate Remembered: Katharine Hepburn, a Personal Biography. London: Pocket. ISBN 0-7434-1563-9.
Britton, Andrew (2003 edition [First published 1984]). Katharine Hepburn: Star as Feminist. New York City, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13277-8.
Chandler, Charlotte (2011 edition [First published 2010]). I Know Where I'm Going: Katharine Hepburn, a Personal Biography. Milwaukee, WI: Applause. ISBN 1-907532-01-3.
Curtis, James (2011). Spencer Tracy: A Biography. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-178524-3.
Dickens, Homer (1990 edition [First published 1971]). The Films of Katharine Hepburn. New York City, NY: Carol Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8065-1175-3.
DiEdwardo, Maryann Pasda (2006). The Legacy of Katharine Hepburn: Fine Art as a Way of Life: A Memoir. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. ISBN 1-4259-6089-8.
Edwards, Anne (1985). A Remarkable Woman: A Biography of Katharine Hepburn. New York City, NY: William Morrow & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-688-04528-6.
Haver, Ronald (1980). David O. Selznick's Hollywood. London: Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd. ISBN 0-394-42595-2.
Hepburn, Katharine (1991). Me: Stories of My Life. New York City, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-40051-6.
Higham, Charles (2004 edition [First published 1975]). Kate: The Life of Katharine Hepburn. New York City, NY: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32598-9.
Horton, Ros and Sally Simmons (2007). Women Who Changed the World. London: Quercus Publishing Plc. ISBN 1-84724-026-7.
Kanin, Garson (1971). Tracy and Hepburn: An Intimate Memoir. New York City, NY: Viking. ISBN 0-670-72293-6.
Mann, William J. (2007). Kate: The Woman Who Was Hepburn. New York City, NY: Picador. ISBN 0-312-42740-9.
Dickstein, Morris (2002). "Bringing Up Baby (1938)", in The A List: The National Society of Film Critics' 100 Essential Films, ed. Jay Carr. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-81096-4.
Prideaux, James (1996). Knowing Hepburn and Other Curious Experiences. Boston, MA: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-19892-9.
Verlhac, Pierre-Henri (2009). Katharine Hepburn: A Life in Pictures. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-8118-6947-4.

External links [link]

Biography portal

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Katharine Hepburn

Media related to Katharine Hepburn at Wikimedia Commons
Katharine Hepburn at the Internet Movie Database
Katharine Hepburn at the Internet Broadway Database
Katharine Hepburn at the TCM Movie Database
Katharine Hepburn collected news and commentary at The New York Times
Katharine Hepburn collected news and commentary at The Guardian
Katharine Hepburn in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
"One Life: Kate, A Centennial Celebration". Online exhibition from the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Katharine Hepburn Papers, circa 1854–1997 and undated, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

Katharine Hepburn

Filmography

1930s	A Bill of Divorcement (1932) Christopher Strong (1933) Morning Glory (1933) Little Women (1933) Spitfire (1934) The Little Minister (1934) Break of Hearts (1935) Alice Adams (1935) Sylvia Scarlett (1935) Mary of Scotland (1936) A Woman Rebels (1936) Quality Street (1937) Stage Door (1937) Bringing Up Baby (1938) Holiday (1938)

1940s	The Philadelphia Story (1940) Woman of the Year (1942) Keeper of the Flame (1942) Stage Door Canteen (1943) Dragon Seed (1944) Without Love (1945) Undercurrent (1946) The Sea of Grass (1947) Song of Love (1947) State of the Union (1948) Adam's Rib (1949)

1950s	The African Queen (1951) Pat and Mike (1952) Summertime (1955) The Rainmaker (1956) The Iron Petticoat (1956) Desk Set (1957) Suddenly, Last Summer (1959)

1960s	Long Day's Journey Into Night (1962) Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967) The Lion in Winter (1968) The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969)

1970s	The Trojan Women (1971) A Delicate Balance (1973) The Glass Menagerie (1973) Love Among the Ruins (1975) Rooster Cogburn (1975) Olly, Olly, Oxen Free (1978) The Corn Is Green (1979)

1980s	On Golden Pond (1981) Grace Quigley (1985) Mrs. Delafield Wants to Marry (1986) Laura Lansing Slept Here (1988)

1990s	The Man Upstairs (1992) This Can't Be Love (1994) Love Affair (1994) One Christmas (1994)

Awards for Katharine Hepburn

v t e Academy Award for Best Actress (1928–1940)

Janet Gaynor (1928) Mary Pickford (1929) Norma Shearer (1930) Marie Dressler (1931) Helen Hayes (1932) Katharine Hepburn (1933) Claudette Colbert (1934) Bette Davis (1935) Luise Rainer (1936) Luise Rainer (1937) Bette Davis (1938) Vivien Leigh (1939) Ginger Rogers (1940)

Complete list (1928–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Academy Award for Best Actress (1961–1980)

Sophia Loren (1961) Anne Bancroft (1962) Patricia Neal (1963) Julie Andrews (1964) Julie Christie (1965) Elizabeth Taylor (1966) Katharine Hepburn (1967) Katharine Hepburn / Barbra Streisand (1968) Maggie Smith (1969) Glenda Jackson (1970) Jane Fonda (1971) Liza Minnelli (1972) Glenda Jackson (1973) Ellen Burstyn (1974) Louise Fletcher (1975) Faye Dunaway (1976) Diane Keaton (1977) Jane Fonda (1978) Sally Field (1979) Sissy Spacek (1980)

Complete list (1928–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Academy Award for Best Actress (1981–2000)

Katharine Hepburn (1981) Meryl Streep (1982) Shirley MacLaine (1983) Sally Field (1984) Geraldine Page (1985) Marlee Matlin (1986) Cher (1987) Jodie Foster (1988) Jessica Tandy (1989) Kathy Bates (1990) Jodie Foster (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Jessica Lange (1994) Susan Sarandon (1995) Frances McDormand (1996) Helen Hunt (1997) Gwyneth Paltrow (1998) Hilary Swank (1999) Julia Roberts (2000)

Complete list (1928–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (1960–1979)

Rachel Roberts British & Shirley MacLaine Foreign (1960) Dora Bryan British & Sophia Loren Foreign (1961) Leslie Caron British & Anne Bancroft Foreign (1962) Rachel Roberts British & Patricia Neal Foreign (1963) Audrey Hepburn British & Anne Bancroft Foreign (1964) Julie Christie British & Patricia Neal Foreign (1965) Elizabeth Taylor British & Jeanne Moreau Foreign (1966) Edith Evans British & Anouk Aimée Foreign (1967) Katharine Hepburn (1968) Maggie Smith (1969) Katharine Ross (1970) Glenda Jackson (1971) Liza Minnelli (1972) Stéphane Audran (1973) Joanne Woodward (1974) Ellen Burstyn (1975) Louise Fletcher (1976) Diane Keaton (1977) Jane Fonda (1978) Jane Fonda (1979)

Complete list (1952–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (1980–1999)

Judy Davis (1980) Meryl Streep (1981) Katharine Hepburn (1982) Julie Walters (1983) Maggie Smith (1984) Peggy Ashcroft (1985) Maggie Smith (1986) Anne Bancroft (1987) Maggie Smith (1988) Pauline Collins (1989) Jessica Tandy (1990) Jodie Foster (1991) Emma Thompson (1992) Holly Hunter (1993) Susan Sarandon (1994) Emma Thompson (1995) Brenda Blethyn (1996) Judi Dench (1997) Cate Blanchett (1998) Annette Bening (1999)

Complete list (1952–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Hasty Pudding Women of the Year

1951–1970	Gertrude Lawrence (1951) Barbara Bel Geddes (1952) Mamie Eisenhower (1953) Shirley Booth (1954) Debbie Reynolds (1955) Peggy Ann Garner (1956) Carroll Baker (1957) Katharine Hepburn (1958) Joanne Woodward (1959) Carol Lawrence (1960) Jane Fonda (1961) Piper Laurie (1962) Shirley MacLaine (1963) Rosalind Russell (1964) Lee Remick (1965) Ethel Merman (1966) Lauren Bacall (1967) Angela Lansbury (1968) Carol Burnett (1969) Dionne Warwick (1970)

1971–1990	Carol Channing (1971) Ruby Keeler (1972) Liza Minnelli (1973) Faye Dunaway (1974) Valerie Harper (1975) Bette Midler (1976) Elizabeth Taylor (1977) Beverly Sills (1978) Candice Bergen (1979) Meryl Streep (1980) Mary Tyler Moore (1981) Ella Fitzgerald (1982) Julie Andrews (1983) Joan Rivers (1984) Cher (1985) Sally Field (1986) Bernadette Peters (1987) Lucille Ball (1988) Kathleen Turner (1989) Glenn Close (1990)

1991–2010	Diane Keaton (1991) Jodie Foster (1992) Whoopi Goldberg (1993) Meg Ryan (1994) Michelle Pfeiffer (1995) Susan Sarandon (1996) Julia Roberts (1997) Sigourney Weaver (1998) Goldie Hawn (1999) Jamie Lee Curtis (2000) Drew Barrymore (2001) Sarah Jessica Parker (2002) Anjelica Huston (2003) Sandra Bullock (2004) Catherine Zeta-Jones (2005) Halle Berry (2006) Scarlett Johansson (2007) Charlize Theron (2008) Renée Zellweger (2009) Anne Hathaway (2010)

2011–2030	Julianne Moore (2011) Claire Danes (2012)

v t e Festival de Cannes (Cannes Film Festival) prix d'interprétation féminine (best actress) 1960–1979

Melina Mercouri / Jeanne Moreau (1960) Sophia Loren (1961) Katharine Hepburn / Rita Tushingham (1962) Marina Vlady (1963) Anne Bancroft / Barbara Barrie (1964) Samantha Eggar (1965) Vanessa Redgrave (1966) Pia Degermark (1967) Vanessa Redgrave (1969) Ottavia Piccolo (1970) Kitty Winn (1971) Susannah York (1972) Joanne Woodward (1973) Marie-José Nat (1974) Valerie Perrine (1975) Dominique Sanda / Mari Törőcsik (1976) Shelley Duvall / Monique Mercure (1977) Jill Clayburgh / Isabelle Huppert (1978) Sally Field (1979)

Complete list (1946–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie (1952–1975)

Judith Anderson (1954) Mary Martin (1955) Claire Trevor (1956) Polly Bergen (1957) Julie Harris (1959) Ingrid Bergman (1960) Judith Anderson (1961) Julie Harris (1962) Kim Stanley (1963) Shelley Winters (1964) Lynn Fontanne (1965) Simone Signoret (1966) Geraldine Page (1967) Maureen Stapleton (1968) Geraldine Page (1969) Patty Duke (1970) Lee Grant (1971) Glenda Jackson (1972) Cloris Leachman (1973) Susan Hampshire / Cicely Tyson / Mildred Natwick (1974) Katharine Hepburn / Jessica Walter (1975)

Complete list (1952–1975) (1976–2000) (2001–2025)

v t e Kennedy Center Honorees (1990s)

1990	Dizzy Gillespie Katharine Hepburn Risë Stevens Jule Styne Billy Wilder

1991	Roy Acuff Betty Comden & Adolph Green Fayard & Harold Nicholas Gregory Peck Robert Shaw

1992	Lionel Hampton Paul Newman & Joanne Woodward Ginger Rogers Mstislav Rostropovich Paul Taylor

1993	Johnny Carson Arthur Mitchell Sir Georg Solti Stephen Sondheim Marion Williams

1994	Kirk Douglas Aretha Franklin Morton Gould Harold Prince Pete Seeger

1995	Jacques d'Amboise Marilyn Horne B.B. King Sidney Poitier Neil Simon

1996	Edward Albee Benny Carter Johnny Cash Jack Lemmon Maria Tallchief

1997	Lauren Bacall Bob Dylan Charlton Heston Jessye Norman Edward Villella

1998	Bill Cosby Fred Ebb & John Kander Willie Nelson André Previn Shirley Temple Black

1999	Victor Borge Sean Connery Judith Jamison Jason Robards Stevie Wonder

complete list 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

v t e Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award (1960–1979)

1962: Eddie Cantor 1963: Stan Laurel 1965: Bob Hope 1966: Barbara Stanwyck 1967: William Gargan 1968: James Stewart 1969: Edward G. Robinson 1970: Gregory Peck 1971: Charlton Heston 1972: Frank Sinatra 1973: Martha Raye 1974: Walter Pidgeon 1975: Rosalind Russell 1976: Pearl Bailey 1977: James Cagney 1978: Edgar Bergen 1979: Katharine Hepburn

Complete list (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars

Male Legends	Humphrey Bogart Cary Grant James Stewart Marlon Brando Fred Astaire Henry Fonda Clark Gable James Cagney Spencer Tracy Charlie Chaplin Gary Cooper Gregory Peck John Wayne Laurence Olivier Gene Kelly Orson Welles Kirk Douglas James Dean Burt Lancaster The Marx Brothers Buster Keaton Sidney Poitier Robert Mitchum Edward G. Robinson William Holden

Female Legends	Katharine Hepburn Bette Davis Audrey Hepburn Ingrid Bergman Greta Garbo Marilyn Monroe Elizabeth Taylor Judy Garland Marlene Dietrich Joan Crawford Barbara Stanwyck Claudette Colbert Grace Kelly Ginger Rogers Mae West Vivien Leigh Lillian Gish Shirley Temple Rita Hayworth Lauren Bacall Sophia Loren Jean Harlow Carole Lombard Mary Pickford Ava Gardner

AFI 100 Years...

Authority control: LCCN: n50038123 | VIAF: 22168112 | WorldCat

Persondata
Name	Hepburn, Katharine Houghton
Alternative names
Short description	Actor
Date of birth	1907-05-12
Place of birth	Hartford, Connecticut, United States
Date of death	2003-06-29
Place of death	Fenwick, Old Saybrook, Connecticut, United States

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