- published: 07 Apr 2012
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Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad (
i/ˈɑːmɨdəbɑːd/ also known as Amdavad 
) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. The city is an administrative centre of Ahmedabad district as well as the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is in Ahmedabad. It was founded on 26 February 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah to serve as the capital of the Gujarat Sultanate, and was named after him. With a city population of more than 5.5 million and an extended population of 6.3 million it is the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 32 km (20 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar.
Though incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during British rule, Ahmedabad remained one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. The city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname the Manchester of the East. The city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20th century and centre of many campaigns of civil disobedience to promote workers' rights, civil rights, and political independence.
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Ajmer
Ajmer (pronounced [ədʒmeːr] (
listen)) is the 5th largest city in Rajasthan and is the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. Ajmer has a population of around 800,000 (2011 census), and is located 135 kilometres (84 mi) west of Jaipur, the state capital, 274 km from Udaipur, 439 km from Jaisalmer, and 391 km from Delhi.
Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. It is a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and is also the base for visiting Pushkar (11 km), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Brahma.
Ajmer (Sanskrit Ajayameru) was founded in the late 7th century A.D. by Dushyant Chauhan. The Chauhan dynasty ruled Ajmer in spite of repeated invasions by Turkic marauders from Central Asia across the north of India. Ajmer was conquered by Muhammad of Ghor, founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193. However, the Chauhan rulers were allowed autonomy upon the payment of a heavy tribute to the conquerors. Ajmer remained subject to Delhi until 1365 when it was captured by the ruler of Mewar. In 1509, control of Ajmer was disputed between the Maharajas of Mewar and Marwar unitil it was conquered by the Marwar in 1532. The city was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1559. In the 18th century, control passed to the Marathas.
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Akola
Akola is a city in Akola district in Vidarbha region in the state of Maharashtra in central India. It is about 600 km east of Mumbai (former "Bombay") and 250 km west of Nagpur. Akola is the headquarters of Akola District located in Amravati Division.
Akola district has an area of about 5431 square kilometers and population of 1,818,617 (2011 census). Akola is the third largest city in Vidarbha region after Nagpur and Amravati. Marathi is the most popular spoken language, though Hindi, English and Urdu are also used. Akola District is bordered on the north and east by Amravati District, on the south by Washim District, and on the west by Buldhana District.
Akola, also called Cotton City, is known for its cotton production and is the largest cotton-producing district in India. The city is also famous for its pulses (dal), oil, and textile mills.
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Allahabad
Allahabad ([ɪlɑhɑbɑd̪]; Hindi: इलाहाबाद; Urdu: الہ آباد), or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughal emperor Akbar from the original (still unofficially used) native name of Prayaga, and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, lying some 205 kilometres (127 mi) south of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. Allahabad has been ranked the world's 130th fastest growing city (growth rate: 2.09 per cent (2011)).[citation needed] The ancient name of the city is Prayaga (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice"), as it is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna, and the ancient Sarasvati River.
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Ambala
Ambala is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border of the states of Haryana and Punjab in India. Politically; Ambala has two sub-areas: Ambala Cantt (छावनी ) and Ambala City(अम्बाला शहर), approximately 3 kilometers apart from each other. It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within the confines of its cantonment area. Ambala separates Ganges river network from Indus river network and surrounded by two rivers Ghaggar & Tangri from North & South side.Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism.
The Ambala Cantonment was established in 1843 after the British abandoned its cantonment at Saphera, following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42. The cantonment houses the ‘2 Corps’ one of the three Strike Corps of the Indian Army.
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Its boundaries previously extended across tehsils of Ambala, Saphera, Jagadhri, Pipli, Kharar, Mohali, Ropar and Nalagarh. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, Pinjore, Manimajra, Kasauli & Sanawar were also merged into the district at different points of time.
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Amritsar
Amritsar (
pronunciation (help·info); Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ IPA: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ], historically also known as ਰਾਮਦਾਸਪੁਰ Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ਅੰਬਰਸਰ, Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the "Golden Temple" in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament.
The 2011 Indian census reported the population of the city to be 1,132,761. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan.
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Anand Vihar Terminal
Anand Vihar Railway Terminal, station code ANVT, is a large railway station in the Anand Vihar locality of Delhi, India. It is under the administrative control of the Delhi Division of the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.
This station was officially inaugurated on December 19, 2009 by the then Union Railway minister, Mamata Banerjee and the Chief Minister of Delhi, Sheila Dikshit. The terminal, spread over 42 hectares is one of the largest railway stations and will cater to all East–bound trains from Delhi after the second phase becomes operational.
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Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the Burdwan District of India. It has a large workforce, moderately high per capita income, educational establishments, good transport connections, several housing complexes, and land suitable for industry, institutions, transport and commerce. Its hinterland is Bankura and Purulia districts and North Bengal, linked to parts of Orissa and Jharkhand states. According to a report released by International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol is among the 11 Indian cities in the list of 100 fastest growing cities in the world with a rank of 42. The name Asansol is derived from two different names, Asan tree (a species of tree found on the banks of river Damodar) and Sol-Bhumi/Sol-land (the land rich in minerals).
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Bareilly
Bareilly pronunciation (help·info) is a prominent city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Standing on the Ramganga river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division and the geographical region Rohilkhand. It is located 252 kilometres (157 mi) north of the state capital, Lucknow, and 250 kilometres (155 mi) east of the national capital New Delhi.
Bareilly is a centre for the manufacturing of furniture and for trade in cotton, cereal and sugar. The status of the city was upgraded when its name was included in the "Counter Magnets" of the National Capital Region (NCR), a list that also including Hissar, Patiala, Kota and Gwalior.
The city's population in 2001 was 699839.
According to the epic Mahābhārata, Bareilly region (Panchala) is said to be birth place of Draupadi, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by kṛṣṇā (Lord krishna). When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata, Draupadi becomes his queen. The folklore says that Gautama Buddha had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly. In the 12th Century, the kingdom was under the rule of different clans of Kshatriya Rajputs . With the Islamic Invasion the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. Later the region became the capitol of Rohilkhand region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company (transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.
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Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km2 and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.
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Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar /ˌbʊvəˈneɪʃwər/, also spelled Bhubaneshwar (Oriya: ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵର Bhubanēsbara pronunciation (help·info)), is the capital of the Indian state of Orissa, officially spelled Odisha. The city has a history of over 2000 years starting with the Chhedi dynasty (around 2nd century BCE) who had Sisupalgarh near present-day Bhubaneswar as their capital. Bhubaneswar has been known by names such as Toshali, Kalinga Nagari, Nagar Kalinga, Ekamra Kanan, Ekamra Kshetra and Mandira Malini Nagari (City of Temples) otherwise known as the Temple City of India. Bhubaneswar, literally means the Lord (Eeswar) of the Universe (Bhuban). It is the largest city of Orissa, and a center of economic and religious importance in the region today.
Bhubaneswar's possession of magnificent sculptures and architectural heritage, coupled with the sanctity as Ekamrakshetra make this one of the great religious centres of Orissa since early medieval days. With its large number of Hindu temples (over 600 in number), which span the entire spectrum of Kalinga architecture, Bhubaneswar is often referred to as a Temple City of India and together with Puri and Konark it forms the Swarna Tribhuja (Golden Triangle); one of the most visited destinations in East India.
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Bhusawal
Bhusawal or Bhusaval (Marathi: भुसावळ) is a city and a municipal council in Jalgaon district in the state of Maharashtra, India.
Bhusawal is located at 21°02′50.56″N 75°47′15.99″E / 21.0473778°N 75.787775°E / 21.0473778; 75.787775. It has an average elevation of 209 metres (685 feet).
Bhusawal is located on the bank of Tapi river, is the biggest taluka of Jalgaon district, and situated on National Highway No. 6 (NH6). Bhusawal railway junction is one of the largest railway yards of the Indian subcontinent. The hinterland of Bhusawal is famous for banana cultivation. World Heritage famous Ajanta is about 60 km (via Jamner) from Bhusawal.
Bhusawal is also known as Bhusaval. The spelling "Bhusaval" is used by the Railways (Central Government), while the spelling "Bhusawal" is used by the municipality. Generally People magazine spells it as "Bhusawal" or "Bhusaval" according to their preference.
As of 2001[update] India census, Bhusawal had a population of 172,366 (It is estimated to cross 200,000 before 2010). Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bhusawal has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 83% and female literacy of 72%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mainly Leva Patidar is the biggest community in Bhusawal.
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh /ˈtʃɑːndɨɡər/ is a city and union territory in India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is derived from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city. It is also referred to as The City Beautiful due to its beautiful surroundings, central grid of gardens, each dedicated to different species of flora.
The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design. The city has projects designed by architects such as Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the highest per capita income in the country at Rs.99,262 at current prices and Rs.70,361 at constant prices (2006–2007). The city was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based on a national government study, and the territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories according to research conducted using 2005 data by Human Development Index.
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Chennai Central
Chennai Central, erstwhile Madras Central, is the main railway terminus in the city of Chennai (Madras). It is the home of the Southern Railway and the most important rail hub in South India. The other major railway hub stations in the city are Chennai Egmore and Tambaram. Trains from here connect the city to New Delhi and prominent state capitals of India like Bhopal, Lucknow, Jaipur, Mumbai, Patna, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, and so forth. Chennai Central is also the main hub for the Chennai Suburban Railway system. The building of the railway station, one of the most prominent landmarks of Chennai, was designed by architect Henry Irwin.
This station is also noted for a whole range of amenities available within the premises. The station has book-shops, restaurants, accommodation, Internet browsing centers and even an essential commodities shopping mall. In 2005, the buildings were painted a creamy yellow colour, but concurring with the views of a campaign by the citizens of Chennai and also to retain the old nostalgic charm, they were repainted in their original brick-red color, which was how the buildings were built originally.
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Chhapra
Chhapra (Hindi: छपरा Urdu: چہَپرَ) is a city and headquarters of Saran district in the state of Bihar, India. Chhapra is also written as Chapra. It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and The Ganges River.
Chapra grew in importance as a river mart in the 18th century when the Dutch, French, Portuguese, and English established saltpeter refineries there. It was constituted a municipality in 1864. The town has major rail and road connections with the rest of India.
Various hypothesis exist about the origin of the name "Saran" (Chhapra). General Cunningham suggested that Saran was earlier known as SARAN or asylum which was a name given to a stupa (Pillar) built by Emperor Ashoka. Another hypothesis says that the name SARAN was derived from SARANGA- ARANYA or the deer forest, the district being famous for its wide expanses of forest and deer in prehistoric times.
The earliest authentic historical record concerning this district is from the year 898 AD and suggest that the village of Dighwara dubauli in Saran had supplied a copper plate issued in the reign of king Mahendra paldeva. Maharshi Dadhichi belongs to Saran who had donated his bones to the Gods for manufacturing of arms. The Cottage of Dronacharya was also situated in Saran. Gautamasthan, 8 km from chapra town, which used to be Maharshi Gautam's ashrama. Lord Rama has given Devi ahiylya, wife of Maharshi Gautam who become stone due to a curse, her life back. Currently, there is a temple and Vishnupad preserved. The fight of "Gaj" (Elephant) and "Grah" (Crocodile) was made at Sonepur in Saran also. Presently, Sonpur is well known for Asia's biggest cattle Fair on Kartik Purnima (October–November) every year. Ambica Sthan or ambika bhawani (Ami, Dighwara) is famous for goddess Durga.
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Churchgate
Churchgate (now Veer Nariman Street) (Marathi: चर्चगेट) is an area in downtown South Mumbai. During the eighteenth and up to the mid-19th century, Bombay was a walled city. The city walls had three gates, and Church Gate, named after St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai was one of the gates. The gate was situated near the present day location of Flora Fountain. In the mid-19th century, the city walls were torn down to aid in the expansion program.
Churchgate is also a major railway terminus on the Western line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway.
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Cuttack
Cuttack (/ˈkʌtək/ ( listen); Oriya: କଟକ [kɔʈɔkɔ]) is the former capital and the largest city of the state of Orissa, India. It is the headquarters of Cuttack district and is located about 28 km to the north east of Bhubaneswar, the capital of Orissa. The name of the city is an anglicised form of Kataka that literally means The Fort, a reference to the ancient Barabati Fort around which the city developed. The city is spread across an area of 398 km2 (154 sq mi) and is situated at the beginning of the Mahanadi river delta. The city consists of 54 wards; in south it starts from Phulnakhara to Salipur, and in east it begins from Bidyadharpur to Choudwar.
The name Kataka is derived from Sanskrit, and means a military establishment/ camp/ bunker. The city was known as Bidanasi Katak (meaning Bidanasi Military Base) during the days when Barabati Fort was in existence. Bidanasi is now a ward in Cuttack city.
Established in 989 AD, Cuttack was the seat of government in Orissa for close to a thousand years before its burgeoning size forced the creation of a new capital at Bhubaneswar in 1948. The two cities are collectively referred to as the Twin Cities . Cuttack is famous for its unique silver filigree works and textiles of woven. It also famous for Dussehra. Dussehra in Cuttack city is famous for its silver and gold Medhas that one cannot get to see anywhere in India. The goddesses look very beautiful in their idols, which are adorned with huge amounts of gold and silver ornaments.
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Damoh
Damoh is a town in the Sagar Division in north-eastern Madhya Pradesh in India. The town is located 260 kilometres (162 mi) east of state capital Bhopal and is situated north of Tikamgarh. It is the administrative headquarters of Damoh District.
Damoh is located at 21°53′N 80°47′E / 21.88°N 80.78°E / 21.88; 80.78. It has an average elevation of 595 metres (1952 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Damoh had a population of 112,160. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Damoh has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 89% and, female literacy is 66%. In Damoh, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town has a significant cattle-market and a number of small industries such as weaving, dyeing and pottery-making. The district of Damoh has an area of 7,306 km2. Except on the south and east, where the offshoots from the surrounding hills and patches of jungle break up the countryside, the district consists of open planes of varying degrees of fertility, interspersed with low ranges and isolated heights wit the richest tracts lie in the centre.
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Darbhanga
Darbhangā is a twin city and a municipal corporation and the capital city of the Darbhanga district and Darbhanga Division in the state of Bihar, India. It is one of the most important districts of North Bihar situated in the very heart of Mithilanchal.[citation needed] According to the latest 2011 census, the total population of the district is 3,921,971, of which about 91.30% live in rural areas. There are 511,125 people in scheduled castes, while there are only 841 people in scheduled tribes; together, they accounted for 15.53% of the total population. The total male population is 2,053,043, with the female population being 1,868,928. The population density is as high as 1,721 per km2 and the sex ratio is 910[clarification needed]. 290,889 families were below the poverty line, with 1,745,334 people (66.28% of the population).
The history of Darbhanga dates back to the Ramayana and Mahabharata periods; it is among the oldest cities of Bihar. According to the Vedic sources, the Videhas first migrated to the area from the banks of Saraswati in Punjab, they were guided to the east of Sadanira (Gandak River) by Agni, the God of Fire. Settlements were established and, thus, flourished the kingdom of the Videhas, the Selfless.
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Dehradun
Dehra Dun, or Dehradun /ˌdɛrəˈduːn/ (Hindi: देहरादून, Dēharādūn), is the capital city of the State of Uttarakhand in north India. Located in the Garhwal region, it is 255 km north of India's capital New Delhi and consists of 6 tehsils, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages. The city has been chosen as one of the "Counter Magnets" of the National Capital Region (NCR) and is being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area.
Dehradun is renowned for its natural resources, publishing services, and for its prestigious educational institutions such as the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Indian Military Academy (IMA) and several day and boarding schools which are highly reputed across the country. It is also home to national foundations such as the Indian Institute of Petroleum, Survey of India, Wildlife Institute of India and the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation.
Located on the foothills of the Himalayas, the Doon Valley is nestled between two of India's mightiest rivers - the Ganges on the east and the Yamuna on the west. Dehradun is famous for its picturesque landscape and pleasant climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region. It is well connected and in proximity to popular Himalayan tourist destinations such as Mussoorie, Nainital and Auli and the Hindu holy cities of Haridwar and Rishikesh along with the Himalayan pilgrimage circuit of Char Dham.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Dhanbad
Dhanbad (Hindi: धनबाद, Bengali: ধনবাদ) is a city in the state of Jharkhand, and is also known as the Coal Capital of India. Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world. According to the 2011 census, Dhanbad is among the 53 cities of India with a population of more than one million and is the 42nd largest city. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after Mumbai division.
Dhanbad is famous for coal mining. Tata Steel, BCCL, ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. Coal mining, coal washing, and coke making are the main coal-related industries in the city. IISCO is now owned by SAIL, while BCCL and Eastern Coalfields Limited are subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL); these two companies are the largest operators of coal mines in Dhanbad, and have open cast mines as well as underground mines, whereas Tata Steel has mostly underground mines. These companies have developed townships for their employees. The prestigious Indian School of Mines is located in the heart of the city of Dhanbad.
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Firozpur
Firozpur (abbreviated: FZR) (alternatively Ferozepur) is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in Firozpur District, Punjab, India, founded by Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1309–88), a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388. The Manj Rajputs say the town was named after their chief, a Rajput of the Bhatti clan called Feroze Khan, in the middle of the 16th century. Firozpur is called ‘Shaheedon ki dharti’ (the land of martyrs).
Ferozpur today is a transportation and administration center and an ancient city. It is a border town on the Indo-Pakistan border with memorials of India's freedom fighters. Three martyrs in India's struggle for freedom, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, were hanged in Lahore for their revolutionary activities against the British Government on March 23, 1931. They were cremated and their Samādhi is located in Hussainiwala on the Sutlej river bank.
Firozpur also holds a historic place in Indian history as it was there that British Raj established control over much of North-West India as well as what is now Pakistan through the Anglo-Sikh Wars that were fought in this region. Today it is the headquarters of a brigade of the Northern Corps of the Indian Army. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engineering and Technology is located at Moga road in Firozpur. It is a government Engg. College and has an excellent reputation.Firozpur Cantonment is adjacent to and south of the city; during British times it was one of the largest cantonments in the country.
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Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur (Hindi: गोरखपुर, Urdu: گورکھپور) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, near the border with Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. The city is also home to many historic Buddhist sites, Imambara, an 18th century dargah, and the Gita Press, a publisher of Hindu religious texts.
The city and district of Gorakhpur are named after a renowned ascetic saint, Gorakshanath, the chief disciple of the yogi Matsyendranath. Together, Matsyendranath and Gorakshanath founded the Nath Sampradaya line of saints. Gorakhnath Temple is said to stand on the spot where Gorakshanath practiced Hatha Yoga to develop self-control.
The district of Gorakhpur lies between Lat. 26°13′N and 27°29′N and Long. 83°05′E and 83°56′E. The district occupies the north-eastern corner of the state along with the district of Deoria, and comprises a large stretch of country lying to the north of the river Rapti, the deep stream of which forms its southern boundary with the Azamgarh district. On the west, the boundary marches along Basti and on the east adjoins Deoria and the Chhoti Gandak Nadi and further south the Jharna Nala forms the dividing line. To the north lies Nepal.Gorakhpur has also a lake Ramgartal.It's vast and provides home to various types of fishes.
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Gujarat
Gujarat /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ (Gujarati: ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt [ɡudʒ(ə)ɾat] ( listen)) is a state in western India. It has an area of 75,686 sq mi (196,030 km2) with a coastline of 1,600 km, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east and the Arabian Sea as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh on the west. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India.
The state encompasses major sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first ports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centers in the Maurya and Gupta empires. Mahatma Gandhi, India's "father of the nation", who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British colonial rule was a Gujarati.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister was also from Gujarat.
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Guntakal
Guntakal is a town in Anantapur district in the southwestern part of the state of Andhra Pradesh and 50 km away from Bellary of Karnataka, India. It has a population of 1,26,658 (2001 census). In the year 1963, experts have identified Guntakal station, the hub of Meter Gauge / Broad Gauge movements in several directions, as a natural and ideal location for the Guntakal Railway Division of South Central Railway. Now Guntakal has become entirely BG with the gauge conversion of the Guntakal – Kallur section in 2009.
It also houses a railway diesel shed and is one of the most profitable divisions in Indian Railways. It also had spinning mill which is Asia's second largest cotton spinning mill call A. P. Co-Operative Spinning mill.
Guntakal is located at 15°10′N 77°23′E / 15.17°N 77.38°E / 15.17; 77.38. It has an average elevation of 432 metres (1,417 ft).
As of 2009[update] India census, Guntakal had a population of 3,57,592. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Guntakal has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 55%. In Guntakal, 11% of the population is under six years of age. Guntakal is third most populated town after Anantapur & Hindupur. Guntakal named after Guntakallu [Kallu means stones in Kannada][Kallu means Shivalinga in Sanskrit (there is a Shiva's temple in Old Guntakal "Sri Guntakallappa Temple")]. Roughly half of Guntakal's population consists of native Telugu speakers, while another half speak Kannada. Guntakal is majorly known for railways, it is a junction which connects south cities to north India, half of its population are employees of railways, and there is a Mother Mary Church which is very famous, and Kasapuram Anjenaya Temple, which is 4 km from Guntakal. Guntakal is also known for film distributors, it was a distribution wing for movies in Andhra Pradesh.
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Guntur
Guntur pronunciation (help·info) (Telugu: గుంటూరు, Urdu: گنٹور), is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, located 40 miles (64 km) to the north and west of the Bay of Bengal. It is approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) to the south of the national capital, New Delhi and 266 kilometres (165 mi) south east of state capital, Hyderabad. The city has a population of 651,382[1](as per 2011 census) with an Urban Agglomeration nearing to one million and it is the fourth largest city in the state by area and population.
Guntur is a centre of learning and the administrative capital of Guntur district, which is home of historically significant Amaravati, Undavalli caves, Kondavid Fort, Nagarjunakonda and Sitanagaram monuments. The city is also a centre for business, industry, and agriculture. The region is identified as a major transportation and textile hub in India. Additionally, the Guntur area economy has an agricultural component that is internationally known for its exports of chillies, cotton, and tobacco.
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Guwahati
Guwahati (Assamese: গুৱাহাটী Guwāhāti (help·info)), and formerly known as Pragjyotishpura (Sanskrit:प्राग्ज्योतिषपुर) and Durjoya (Sanskrit:दुर्जय) in ancient Assam, and Gauhati in the modern era, is an ancient urban area, the largest city of Assam, the largest metropolitan area in north-eastern India and one of the fastest developing cities in India. It is said to be the "Gateway" of the North East Region. Dispur, the capital of the Indian state of Assam is located within the city and is the seat of the Government of Assam. Guwahati, formerly Prāgjyotishpura meaning City of Eastern Light, other view is Prāg meaning eastern and jyotish meaning astrology and Durjaya meaning impregnable were the capital's of ancient state of Kamarupa under Varman's and Pala's respectively. Many ancient Hindu temples are located within the city, Kamakhya Temple, Umananda Temple, Navagraha Temple, Sukreswar Temple, Basistha Temple, Lankeshwar Temple, Doul Govinda Temple, Dirgheshwari temple, Ugro Tara Temple, Rudreswar Temple, etc., are but a few; thus, the city is also known as the "The City of Temples."
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Hampankatta
Hampankatta (pronounced as 'Hampanakatte' in Tulu) is a locality in the centre of Mangalore, Karnataka. Most of the public utilities are located here. This used be the most buzzing commercial area in the city. However nowadays, M G Road, Lalbagh have become the favorurite place for people to spend time.
Rail connectivity in Mangalore was established in 1907. Mangalore was also the starting point of India's longest rail route. The city has two railway stations, Mangalore Central (at Hampankatta) and Mangalore Junction (at Kankanadi). A metre gauge railway track, built through the Western Ghats, connects Mangalore with Hassan. The broad gauge track connecting Mangalore to Bangalore via Hassan was opened to freight traffic in May 2006 [147] and passenger traffic in December 2007.[148] Mangalore is also connected to Chennai through the Southern Railway and to Mumbai via the Konkan Railway
Important places in Hampankatta are as follows
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Haridwar
Haridwar pronunciation (help·info) (also spelled Hardwar, Hindi: हरिद्वार) is an important pilgrimage city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. The River Ganges, after flowing for 253 kilometres (157 mi) from its source at Gaumukh at the edge of the Gangotri Glacier, enters the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India for the first time at Haridwar, which gave the city its ancient name, Gangadwára.
Haridwar is regarded as one of the seven holiest places to Hindus. According to the Samudra manthan, Haridwar along with Ujjain, Nasik and Allahabad is one of four sites where drops of Amrit, the elixir of immortality, accidentally spilled over from the pitcher while being carried by the celestial bird Garuda. This is manifested in the Kumbha Mela being celebrated every 3 years in one of the 4 places, and thus every 12 years in Haridwar. Amidst the Kumbha Mela, millions of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists congregate in Haridwar to perform ritualistic bathing on the banks of the river Ganges to wash away their sins to attain Moksha. Brahma Kund, the spot where the Amrit fell, is located at Har ki Pauri (literally, "footsteps of the Lord") and is considered to be the most sacred ghat of Haridwar.
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Hatia
Hatia is a small town and railway station in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. It is adjacent to Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand. One of the premier technical institutions in the field of Metallurgical engineering, the National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, is situated here. Hatia developed as a suburb of Ranchi, the capital city of Jharkhand. Away from the rush in the main city, this part of Ranchi is comparatively quiet and calm. With HEC developing a huge infrastructural set up in the area, Hatia is one of the largest and most well-maintained dwelling destinations in Ranchi.
Besides NIFFT, one of the largest engineering companies in India, the Heavy Engineering Corporation, is situated in Hatia.
Hatia is located at 23°18′N 85°18′E / 23.30°N 85.30°E / 23.30; 85.30. It has an average elevation of 641 m (2,103 ft).
Hatia Station is the railway station serving the city of Hatia. It serves as the terminal station of several train, and many trains pass through it.
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Howrah station
Coordinates: 22°34′57″N 88°20′31″E / 22.5825°N 88.34194°E / 22.5825; 88.34194 Howrah Station is one of the four intercity train stations serving Howrah and Kolkata, India; the others are Sealdah Station, Shalimar Station and Kolkata railway station in Kolkata. Howrah is situated on the West bank of the Hooghly River, linked to Kolkata by the magnificent Howrah Bridge which is an icon of Kolkata. It is the oldest station and the largest railway complex in India.
Initial plans for the first Howrah station were submitted by George Turnbull the Chief Engineer of the East Indian Railway Company on 17 June 1851. In January 1852, it became clear that the government authorities would not sanction the purchase of sufficient land nor the necessary waterfrontage despite remonstrations from Turnbull that the terminus would grow enormously. In May 1852, the detailed station plans were the major work of him and his team of engineers. In October four tenders for building the station were received varying from 190,000 to 274,526 INR against an estimate of 250,000 INR.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indore
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.
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Jaipur
Jaipur /ˈdʒaɪpʊər/ (Rajasthani: जैपर , Hindi: जयपुर Urdu: جئے پور [ˈdʒəjpʊɾ] ( listen)), also popularly known as the 'Pink City', is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of 3.1 million.
Jaipur is one of the finest planned cities of India, located in the semi-desert lands of Rajasthan. The city which once had been the capital of the royalty now is the capital city of Rajasthan. The very structure of Jaipur resembles the taste of the Rajputs and the Royal families. At present, Jaipur is a major business centre with all requisites of a metropolitan city.
Some of the famous areas in Jaipur include Mansarovar, the largest housing colony in Asia, Sanganer, famous for handmade paper industry and Sanganeri hand block-printing, Bapu Nagar, Malviya Nagar and Vaishali Nagar.
The city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 34 m (111 ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex, (Hawa Mahal), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is one of the World Heritage Sites. Included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Agra, Jaipur is an extremely popular tourist destination in Rajasthan and India.
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Jalandhar
Jalandhar is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. It was known as Prasthala at the time of the Mahabharta and as Jullundur in British India.
Jalandhar is another name of Lord Shiva. Jalandhar and Multan are the oldest surviving cities of the Punjab region, with historical references as far back as A.D. 100. The Jalandhar Doab (the region surrounding the city between the Beas and Sutlej rivers) also marked the easternmost territory of the empire of Alexander the Great. He erected giant altars in this area to mark the eastern most extent of his empire and also founded a city named Alexandria in the vicinity and left many Macedonian veterans there.[citation needed]
In the 7th century, when theChinese traveller and pilgrim Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of Harsha Vardhana, the Kingdom of Jalandhara or Trigarta was under the rule of Raja Utito (whom Alexander Cunningham identifies with the Rajput Raja Attar Chand of the Katoch dynasty). The kingdom was said to have extended 167 miles (269 km) from east to west and 133 miles (214 km) from north to south, thus including the hill states of Chamba, Mandi and Suket (Himachal Pradesh) and Satadru or Sirhind in the plains. The city proper of Jalandhar was, when visited by Hiuen Tsiangg, a large city, miles in circuit, and functioned as the capital of a Rajput kingdom. Raja Utito was a tributary of Harsh Vardhana. The Rajput Rajas appear to have continued to rule over the country right up to the 12th century, with occasional interruptions, but their capital was Jalandhar and Kangra formed an important stronghold.[citation needed]
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Jalpaiguri
Jalpaiguri (Bengali: জলপাইগুড়ি Jôlpaiguṛi) is a city in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of Jalpaiguri district, and the divisional headquarters of the North Bengal region.
Jalpaiguri is located at 26°31′N 88°44′E / 26.52°N 88.73°E / 26.52; 88.73. It has an average elevation of 75 metres (246 feet). Jalpaiguri lies in the middle of the vast fertile plains (Terai) south of the Himalayas, watered by innumerable rivers and rivulets rising from and flowing down the Himalayas. On a clear sunny day, Mount Kanchenjunga is visible from the town itself.
The town lies on the banks of the Teesta River, possibly the second largest river in West Bengal after the Ganges. A mass flood in 1968 nearly flattened out the town and huge spurs had to be built and the river diverted to some kilometers outside the town to avoid the same carnage as it caused. Other than Teesta, there are three other rivers passing by the town: Karala, Dharala and Panga.
The tiny River Karala flows through the middle of the town bisecting the town into two halves, thus prompting the remark, 'the Thames of Jalpaiguri'. Karala meets the Teesta some five kilometres south of the town.
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Jamnagar
Jamnagar pronunciation (help·info) (Gujarati: જામનગર) is a city and a municipal corporation, located in Jamnagar district, in the Indian state of Gujarat. The city was built up substantially by Maharaja Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji in the 1920s, when it was known as Nawanagar. The city lies just to the south of the Gulf of Kutch and is 337 km west of the state capital, Gandhinagar. Recently, Jamnagar has shot to prominence as Reliance Industries, India's largest private company, established the world's largest oil refinery near the village of Moti Khavdi in Jamnagar. It is also home to an Essar Oil refinery, located near the town of Vadinar. Jamnagar has consequently been nicknamed the 'Oil City of India'.
Jamnagar was founded by Jam Raval in 1540 A.D. as the capital of the Princely State of Nawanagar. Jamnagar, historically known as Nawanagar (the new town), was one of the most important princely states of the region of Saurashtra.. According to Pauranik literature, Lord Krishna established his kingdom at Dwarka town in Jamnagar district, after migrating from Mathura and accordingly, it is to the Yadava race that the Jams of Nawanagar trace their ancestry.
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Jhansi
Jhansi pronunciation (help·info) is a historical city of India lying on the banks of Pahuj river. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi District and Jhansi Division. The original walled city grew up around its stone fort, which crowns a neighboring rock. This district is on the bank of river Betwa.
Jhansi city is situated between the rivers Pahunj and Betwa between North longitudes 24°11´ and 25°57´and East latitudes 78°10´and 79°25´.It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).The city has an irregular boundary, northern being contiguous with that of district of Jalaun. In addition, the city is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. It is about 415 km from New Delhi and 292 km from Lucknow, and is called gateway to Bundelkhand .
The National Highway Development Project has sparked Jhansi's development. The North-South Corridor connecting Kashmir to Kanyakumari passes through Jhansi. The East-West corridor also goes through this city, so there has been a sudden rush to infrastructure and real estate development in the city. A greenfield airport is also on the Anvil.
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Jodhpur
Jodhpur /ˈdʒɒdpʊər/ (Rajasthani: जोधाणा Jodhpur.ogg (help·info); Hindi: जोधपुर) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 335 kilometres (208 mi) west from the state capital, Jaipur and 200 kilometres (124 mi) from the city of Ajmer. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples, set in the stark landscape of the Thar desert.
The city is known as the "Sun City" for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all year. It is also referred to as the "Blue City" due to the blue-painted houses around the Mehrangarh Fort. The old city circles the fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. However, the city has expanded greatly outside the wall over the past several decades. Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a region much frequented by tourists.
According to Rajasthan district Gazetteers of Jodhpur and the Hindu epic Ramayana (composed up to 4th century AD), Abhiras were the original inhabitants of Jodhpur and later Aryans spread to this region.
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Kanpur Anwarganj
Coordinates: 26°27′19″N 80°19′44″E / 26.455402°N 80.328925°E / 26.455402; 80.328925
Kanpur Anwarganj is a railway station in Kanpur. It is second big station in Kanpur after Kanpur Central. It has three platforms. It was constructed during by the British Raj. It has one big clock on its main building. It is on Farrukhabad-Kanpur line. Till 2006 it was meter gaze Railway Station. IN year 2006 Railway Minister Sri Lalu Prasaad Yadav Started it as a Broad Gaze Railway Line towards Lucknow. The first Station Ssuperintendent of the station was Mr. V.N. Pandey. In Year 2008 Broad gaze started towards Mathura too.
Kanpur Anwarganj caters trains of Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway reduce pressure on Kanpur Central. Some MEMU trains start from here. Kanpur Anwarganj is now linked with some new stations like New Delhi, Mathura, Agra,Jaipur,Gorakhpur,Chapra,Patna,Kolkata etc. Now Kanpur Anwarganj is one of the main railway station on the root to Rajasthan and Eastern India.[citation needed]
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Kanpur Central
Coordinates: 26°27′19″N 80°19′44″E / 26.455402°N 80.328925°E / 26.455402; 80.328925
Kanpur Central (Hindi: कानपुर सेंट्रल , Urdu:کانپور مرکزی ) is one of the major intercity rail station and a commuter rail station in the India in city of Kanpur. It is one of the busiest stations in India. The Kanpur Central Railway Station is on the Howrah - Delhi broad gauge route passing through Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur Central is the busiest station of North Central Railways as the station records a traffic of more than 1.5 lakh passengers and more than 300 trains passing through here on a daily basis. Kanpur Central is also connected with the Lucknow Suburban Railway(MEMU).
Erstwhile Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee had included Kanpur Central in '50 World-Class Railway Stations' in her budget.After figuring on the list of those railway stations that have to be made world-class, the Kanpur Central has started on a major revamp that is scheduled to take place in phases.
Though the re-modelling of the Kanpur Central began a long time back, it is being developed gradually in phases. At present, the work in this direction is going on at snail's pace but senior NCR officials are hopeful of keeping their promise of giving a new, improved look to the Kanpur Central in the days to come.
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Kollam
Kollam, often anglicized as Quilon, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about 71 kilometres (44 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It is the headquarters of Kollam district and a prominent trade and commercial city.
Kollam is the fourth-largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, {The new population is taken as city agglomeration} in Kerala on the basis of population and the fifth-largest city on the basis of area. It is known for cashew processing and coir manufacturing. It is considered to be the southern gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is a prominent tourist destination. The Kollam urban area comprises the fast developing suburban towns such as Kottiyam in the south, Kundara in the east, and Chavara in the north of the city. Other important towns in the city suburbs are Paravur, Eravipuram, Kannanalore, and Anchalumoodu. Karunagapally, Chathannoor, and Kottarakkara are major towns within a distance of 25 km from Kollam city centre towards north, south, and east respectively.
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Ludhiana
Ludhiana /ˌluːdiˈɑːnə/ (also Ludhyana; Punjabi: ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.[citation needed]
Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air.
Ludhiana is a well known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U.S.
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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.
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Maharashtra
Maharashtra /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ (Marathi: महाराष्ट् mahārāṣṭra [məharaːʂʈrə] ( listen)) is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. Maharashtra is the richest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures).
Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of 307,731 km2 (118,816 sq mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest city and the financial capital of the nation. Nagpur is the second capital of the state. Marathi is the official language.
Maharashtra is the world's second most populous first-level administrative country sub-division. Were it a nation in its own right, Maharashtra would be the world's tenth most populous country ahead of Mexico.
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Manmad
Manmad pronunciation (help·info)(Marathi: मनमाड) is one of the cities in Nasik district in the state of Maharashtra state in India. It is the third largest city in Nasik district, with a population of approximately 125,000. Though it is bigger in area as well as in population compared to most of the Tehsils in the district, it does not have a Tehsil office.
Manmad houses the largest grain storage warehouses in Asia, administerd by Food Corporation of India, and also the offices of petroleum companies like Bharat Petroleum, Hindustan Petroleum and Indian Oil. The city also has a popular Sikh Gurudwara. Manmad is one of the largest markets for onion producing farmers after Lasalgaon; many of the farmers from nearby villages sell their farm produce in Manmad to wholesale traders, who in turn sell it in Mumbai. The Central Railway Engineering workshop at Manmad, which constructs and maintains railway bridges for central railways, marked 100 years of operation in December 2005. The Centralized Engineering Workshop is under the direct control of Chief Engineer, Central Railway, Mumbai. This workshop undertakes fabrication of steel structural items including Bridge Girders (the longest span built so far is 400 ft or 122m – KRCL); approximately 1160 employees work in the Engineering Workshop.
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Margao
Margao (pronounced [mɔɽɡãːw] ( listen), Konkani: Margao मडगांव ; Portuguese: Margão) is the second largest city by population and the commercial and cultural capital of the Indian state of Goa. It is the administrative headquarters of the Salcete taluka and the South Goa district.
Margão is the Portuguese spelling with Margao being used in Konkani. It is derived from the Sanskrit Maṭhagrām which means a village with a matha.
Margao is located at 15°18′N 73°57′E / 15.30°N 73.95°E / 15.30; 73.95. It has an average elevation of 31 metres (102 feet).
Nestled on the banks of the River Sal, Margão is amongst the oldest recorded towns in Goa.[citation needed]Portuguese style mansions dot its landscape. One of the fastest growing cities in Goa, its fast growing suburbs include Aquem, Fatorda, Gogol, Borda, Comba, Navelim and Davorlim .
Margao features a tropical monsoon climate. The climate in Margao is hot in summer and equable in winter. During summers (from March to May) the temperature reaches up to 32 °C and in winters (from December to February) it is usually between 28 °C and 20 °C. The monsoon period is from June to September with heavy rainfall and gusty winds. The annual average rainfall is 2881 mm (113.5 inches).
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Mathura
Mathura ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately 50 km north of Agra, and 145 km south-east of Delhi; about 11 kilometers from the town of Vrindavan and 22 kilometers from Govardhan. It is the administrative centre of Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient period, Mathura was an economic hub, located at the junction of important caravan routes. Today, it is a fast expanding city with over 2.5 million residents.
Mathura is the birthplace of Lord Krishna at the centre of Braj or Brij-bhoomi, called Shri Krishna Janma-Bhoomi, literally: 'Lord Krishna's birth place'. The Keshav Dev Temple was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's legendary birthplace (an underground prison). According to the Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana epics, Mathura was the capital of the Surasena Kingdom, ruled by Kansa the maternal uncle of Shri Krishna.
Mathura has an ancient history. According to the Archeological Survey of India plaque at the Mathura Museum, the city is mentioned in the oldest Indian epic, the Ramayana. In the epic, the Ikshwaku prince Shatrughna slays a demon called Lavanasura and claims the land. Afterwards, the place came to be known as Madhuvan as it was thickly wooded, then Madhupura and later Mathura. The demon that Shatrughan killed in Ramayana, Lavanasura was the progeny of a devout king Madhu who gets Lord Shiva's Trident in a boon in the Puranas. The Puranas ascribe the founding of the city to Ayu, the son of Pururavas and the celestial nymph Urvashi. The city might also have got its name from a famous Yadav king Madhu who reigned around 1,600 BCE.[citation needed]
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Moradabad
Moradabad pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: मुरादाबाद, Urdu: مراد آباد) is a city and a municipal corporation in Moradabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1600 by prince Murad, the son of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan; as a result the city came to be known as "Moradabad". It is the administrative headquarters of Moradabad District. According to the government of India, the district Moradabad is one of several Muslim majority districts on the basis of the 2001 census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators.
Moradabad is situated at a distance of 167 km (104 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi, on the banks of the Ramganga River (a tributary of the Ganges). The city is famous for its huge export of brass handicrafts to North America, Europe and all over the world, and is also thus called "Brass City" or Peetal Nagri (in the local language). The city has the distinction of being the biggest exporter of handicrafts in the country. Moradabad is India's world's largest producer of Bangles.[citation needed]
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Mughalsarai
Mughalsarai is a city and a municipal board in Chandauli district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Located around 10 km from Varanasi, it is an important railway junction of the Indian Railways. Once, it enjoyed the position of the largest railway marshalling yard of Asia. The Grand Chord section, which starts from Asansol, West Bengal, terminates at Mughalsarai.
Lal Bahadur Shastri, former Prime Minister of India during 1964-1965, was born in Mughalsarai.
In 2001 India census, Mughalsarai had a population of 88,386. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Mughalsarai has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 55%. In Mughalsarai, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mughalsarai Railway Settlement was considered as a separate entity in 2001 Census.
In 2001 India census, whole Mughalsarai tahshil had a population of 116,246. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mughalsarai has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 59%. In Mughalsarai, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Mumbai city district
Mumbai City District (मुंबई जिल्हा) is a district of Maharashtra in Konkan Division. As a city district, it has no headquarters or subdivisions. It, along with the Mumbai Suburban District make up the metropolis of Mumbai. The city area is called the "island city" or South Mumbai or Old Mumbai. It extends from Colaba in the south to Mahim and Sion in the north. Until the 1960s, the area was known as Mumbai. Today, Mumbai municipality includes both districts. The city's area covers 67.7 km².
The City of Bombay, as it was then called came in light in the year 150 A.D. through the geographical work of renowned geographer, Ptolemy. The City consisting of several islands were then ruled by Marathi kolis and agris, the native inhabitants of Mumbai.
These natives ruled the islands up to 1345 A.D. Thereafter, the rulers changed down the history till the Islamic rulers invaded India and conquered some of the islands in 1534 A.D. Subsequently, a Muslim ruler from Gujarat took over all the islands, which were then conquered by the Portuguese. In 1661 A.D., the island of Bombay was added to the Britishers as a part of Royal Dowry, on the occasion of the marriage of King Charles II of England with the Portuguese princess Infanta Catherine.
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Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur Town (Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर) pronunciation (help·info)) is a town in Muzaffarpur district in the eastern state of Bihar. It serves as the headquarters of Muzaffarpur district and Tirhut division.
Muzaffarpur, famous for Shahi lychees, is the largest city of northern Bihar. It is situated on the banks of the perennial Burhi Gandak River, which flows from the Someshwar Hills [2] of Himalayas. Muzaffarpur is one of the many gateways to Nepal. Clothes and food-grains are traded between Nepal and Muzaffarpur.
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Nagda
Nagda (Hindi: नागदा) is a city in Ujjain district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is an industrial town in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh and is situated on the bank of Chambal River.
The name of the town was actually nag-dah which means cremation/burning (dah) of snakes (nag). The ancient city was developed by king Janmejay. Janmejay was a Hindu King of Pandava Dynasty. Nagda was mentioned in the literature of Kalidasa. Presently, Nagda is a major industrial town having manufacturing unit of Viscose fibre, thermal power plant and a chemical plant, It is a major ISO granted railway junction on the Delhi-Mumbai railway line.It is exactly 694 km from both delhi as well as mumbai.
Prior to being an industrial town, Nagda was a small village. The location near river Chambal and availability of acres of land attracted Ghanshyam Das Birla to set up a major facility. Today Nagda is one of the largest viscose staple fiber manufacturers in Asia.
(1735 ft) above sea level. Name of Famous Colonies: 7.Dayanand Colony 1. Aadi Nath Colony 2. Amlavdiya Road 3. Baadi Pura 4. BCI STAFF COLONY 5. Birlagram Labour Colony 6. Chambal Marg 7. Chandrashekhar Marg 8. Durgapura Labour Chemical Colony 9. Durgapura 10.Government Colony 11.Grasim ABC Line 12.Grasim Chemical Staff Colony 13.Grasim Staff Colony 14.Gujjar Mohalla 15.Housing board 16.Indrapuri Colony 17.Indu Colony 18.Ingoriya Road 19.Jabaran Colony 20.Jawahar Marg 21.Jiwajee Nagar Colony 22.Kota Fatak 23.Mahatma Gandhi Marg 24.Mahavir Nagar 25.Mehatwas 26.Mehidpur Road 27.MG Road 28.Mirchi Bazar 29.Nai Delhi 30.Oza Colony 31.Paliya Road 32.Patel Gali 33.Police line 34.Prakash Nagar Colony 35.Shri Ram Colony 36.Sindi Colony 37.Singapore City 38.Station Choraha 39.Bhargava Colony
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Nanded
Nanded (Marathi: नांदेड; Punjabi: ਨੰਦੇੜ; Urdu: ﻧﺎﻨﺪﻳﮍ ) is the second largest city in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. It is also headquarters of Nanded district in the Marathwada Division of the state. It is an important holy place for the Sikh faith and is famous for the Hazur Sahib Gurudwara. It is the district headquarters once very famous as district of Sanskrit poets. Nanded is a town of great antiquity and famous for Muslim Sufi shrines. This district of great antiquity is important for the Hindu faith and is known for the Renukadevi temple at Mahur (a taluka place).
Nanded is one of the historical places in Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. It is situated on north bank of Godavari river. Nanded is a town of great antiquity. It is famous for Sikh Gurudwaras and Sufi shrines. It is said that during the Puranic days, many great personalities travelled through Nanded district. Nandas ruled over Nanded through generations.
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Nellore
Nellore (Telugu: నెల్లూరు) is a city and headquarters of Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore District, formerly Nellore district and is the sixth most populous city in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Ancient name of Nellore was "Vikrama Simhapuri".
Nellore is situated about 453 kilometres (281 mi) south east of Hyderabad, the state capital and about 170 kilometres (110 mi) from Chennai on the Chennai-Kolkata national highway and about 453 kilometres (281 mi) south east of Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the Penna river. Nellore is well known for its production of mica (gudur), lemon (gudur) and agricultural products such as rice and it is famous for temples like Sri Erukalala Parameswari Devi Temple known as Simhapuri(Nellore) Gramadevatha,Ranganathaswamy temple, Narasimha Swamy Konda, Jonnavada Kamakshi Ammavari temple, Ayyappa Temple, Golagamudi Venkaya Swami Temple, Rajarajeswari temple, PenchalaKona. Nellore is also known for aquaculture. It is one of the fastest developing cities in Andhra Pradesh.
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New Delhi
New Delhii/ˈnjuː dɛli/ is the capital city of India. As the national capital, New Delhi is the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India. It also serves as the centre of the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory.
The definition of New Delhi is unclear and the differentiation between Delhi and New Delhi is blurry. Even administratively, the demarcation between Delhi and New Delhi is not clear. Government of India and Government of Delhi have not clearly defined the area and boundaries of New Delhi. The boundaries of areas of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and New Delhi district of Delhi do not completely overlap. In 1920s, when British constructed New Delhi, there were only two Delhis' – the old walled city called Old Delhi and the new city designed by Edwin Lutyens to serve as capital of British India, which was called 'New Delhi'. The rest of Delhi was rural. But after independence as more and more areas around New Delhi urbanized they also became a part of New Delhi as they were also a part of Delhi which was 'new'. Now, almost all of National Capital Territory of Delhi, with exceptions of the old city called Old Delhi, Civil Lines area, Trans-Yamuna region, some rural areas and some underdeveloped parts of Delhi (e.g. Ashok Vihar, Timarpur, Nangloi, Sultanpuri, Mangolpuri, Badarpur etc.), is designated as 'New Delhi' in postal addresses. Especially, almost all the places in South, South-west, Central and West districts of Delhi are designated as New Delhi. Most of the time, the terms Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably.
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Pathankot
Pathankot (Punjabi: ਪਠਾਨਕੋਟ) became 22nd district on 27 July 2011 and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of Punjab. It was a part of the Nurpur princely state ruled by the Rajputs prior to 1849 AD. It is a meeting point of the three northern states of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Due to its ideal location, Pathankot serves as a travel hub for the three northerly states. Pathankot is the fifth largest city in the state of Punjab in terms of population. It is the last city in Punjab on the national highway that connects Jammu and Kashmir with the rest of India. Situated in the foothills of Kangra and Dalhousie, with the river Chakki flowing close by, the city is often used as a rest-stop before heading into the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir, Dalhousie, Chamba, and Kangra, deep into the Himalayas.
Pathankot has an average elevation of 332 metres (1,089 ft). It is a green town with the Ravi and Chakki rivers on either side. Shiwalik foothills kissing on the south and east and snow capped Himalayas in the back drop in north, Pathankot is last but not the least city of Punjab.
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Patna
Paṭnā /ˈpʌtnə/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second most populous city in Eastern India. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and during the Islamic period the seat of power for the Suri dynasty.
Pataliputra was also a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide.
In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna in second place in India, after Delhi, in terms of the ease of starting a business. As at 2004-2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at Rs31,441. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Patna has been ranked as 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Patna registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.
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Porbandar
Porbandar (Gujarati પોરબંદર) pronunciation (help·info) is a coastal city in the Indian state of Gujarat, perhaps best known for being the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi and Sudama (Friend of Lord Krishna). It is the administrative center of Porbandar District.
The following are notable sites:
The following are institutions of higher learning:
The following are institutions of primary learning:
Porbandar is also an ancient port city at present having an all-weather port, with direct berthing facilities up to 50,000 DWT ships.
Onshore explorations in and around Porbandar brought to light, for the first time, the remains of a late Harappan settlement dating back to the 16th - 14th century BC, which is similar to that from Bet Dwarka. This is another evidence to suggest that the Harappan legacy of maritime activity continued till the late Harappan period on the Saurashtra coast. The discovery of ancient jetties along the Porbandar creek signifies the importance of Porbandar as an active centre of maritime activities in the past. The Indian mythology says its the birthplace of Sudhaama (Friend of Lord Krishna), hence its being referred to as Sudhaamapuri or Sudhamapuri.
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Puri
Puri pronunciation (help·info) (Oriya: ପୁରୀ ) is a city and the district headquarters of puri district, situated on the Bay of Bengal 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of the state capital Bhubaneswar in the Indian state of Orissa. It is also known as Jagannath Puri after the 11th century Jagannath Temple located in the city. Puri is a holy city of the Hindus as a part of the Char Dham pilgrimages. According to Hindu teachings, a pilgrimage of the temples of India is not considered complete without a journey to Puri.
Puri is endowed with one of the best beaches for swimming in India and is therefore also a popular beach resort, especially as it is positioned geographically so that both sunset and sunrise can be viewed from the beach.
Puri, the holy land of Lord Jagannath, has many names. It is mentioned in Puranas as Srikshetra, Shankhakshetra, Neelāchala, Neelādri, Purusottama Dhāma, Purusottama Kshetra, Purusottama Puri and Jagannath Puri. The word "Puri" in Sanskrit means 'town', or 'city' and is cognate with polis in Greek. It is possible that Puri is a shortened name for Jagannath Puri or Purusottama Puri. In some records pertaining to the British rule, the word 'Jagannath' was used for Puri. It is the only shrine in India, where Radha, along with Lakshmi, Durga, Sati, Parvati, and Shakti abodes with Krishna, also known as Jagannath.[citation needed]
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Rajahmundry
Rajahmundry or Rajamahendri (Telugu: రాజమండ్రి or రాజమహేంద్రి) is a city and municipal corporation of the Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is situated 400 kilometres (249 mi) east of the state capital, Hyderabad, on the banks of the River Godavari. Known as the Cultural Capital of Andhra Pradesh, Rajahmundry is noted for its versatile Vedic culture and intellect. It is the eighth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. City Population is 343,903 (Census 2011)[2].
The City origins can be traced back to the rule of the Chalukya king Rajaraja Narendra who reigned around 1022 A.D, after whom it is named Rajamahendri or Rajamahendravaram. Remains of 11th century palaces and fort walls still exist. However, new archeological evidence suggests that the town may have existed much before the Chalukyas. Rajamhendravaram was renamed Rajahmundry during the rule of the British, for whom the city was the headquarters of the Godavari district. When the district was split into East and West, subsequently, Kakinada - became the headquarters of East Godavari.
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Rajasthan
Rājasthān /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen)) the land of Rajasthanis, ("the land of kings"), is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,269 square kilometres (132,151 sq mi).
Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far.
One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile princely states ruled mainly by Rajputs.
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Rajkot
Rajkot (Gujarati: રાજકોટ Rājkot) is the fourth largest city in the state of Gujarat, India, after Ahmedabad, Surat and Vadodara. Rajkot is the 23rd urban agglomeration in India, with a population more than 1.6 million as on 2012. Rajkot is ranked 22nd in The world's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020.
Rajkot is a city of Gujarat state in India and administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District, 245 km from the state capital Gandhinagar, located on the banks of the Aji River and Nyari River. Rajkot was the capital of the then Saurashtra state from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956 before merging in bilingual Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was merged into Gujarat State from bilingual Bombay state on May 1, 1960.
Rajkot has been under many different rulers since it was founded. Rajkot has a long history and played a significant part in Indian independence movement. Rajkot was one of the main trade centre's in Saurashtra.
Rajkot was founded by the then ruler of Sardhar 1607 A.D. on the west bank of Aji River, in the middle of Saurashtra. Vibhaji Ajoji was the grandson of Jam Sataji of Nawanagar, the present day Jamnagar. Rajkot was named in honor of its co-founder.
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Ranchi
Ranchi /ˈrɑːntʃi/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India. Earlier most of the part in Jharkhand was covered by forest but now due to urbanization trees are cut and forest cover is depleting fast. Since 2011 census Ranchi now is one of the 53 million-plus cities of India and stands as the 46th largest city out of top 53.[citation needed]. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand State was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.
The name Ranchi comes from the original Oraon village Archi at the site. Archi derives from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave or archi. The spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished; Archi became Rachi, and Rachi became Ranchi.. One historically significant neighborhood is Doranda ('duran' 'दुरङ' means song and 'daah' 'दअः' means water in the Mundari language), between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny. The present Purani (old) Ranchi marks the site of the old village of Archi.
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Ratlam
Ratlam pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: रतलाम), known historically as Ratnapuri, is a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The city of Ratlam lies 1,575 feet (480 meters) above sea level. It is the administrative headquarters of Ratlam district, which was created in 1947 after the independence of India.
Ratlam was given to Ratan Singh Rathore as a gift by Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan loved watching elephant fights and therefore held an event, choosing his favorite war elephants and inviting all the clans of Rajputana (present-day Rajasthan) to watch. From the Rathore clan, Ratan Singh was chosen. At the beginning of the festival, one of the elephants went berserk and headed towards Shah Jahan. No one in the crowd was brave enough to move to protect him. Everyone feared for their own lives and fled except Ratan Singh, who swiftly mounted the elephant. With his sword, Singh stabbed the elephant in its head and killed it. Shah Jahan saw this and was so impressed by his bravery that he gave him the entire state of Ratlam, proclaiming him as the king.
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Rohtak
Rohtak Pronunciation (help·info) City is a Municipal Corporation in Rohtak district that styles itself as the "Heart of Haryana". It is located 70 km Northwest of New Delhi and 210 km South of the state capital Chandigarh at the NH 10. Rohtak forms a part of National Capital Region II and is a satellite city of New Delhi.
Rohtak has several major educational institutions and is sometimes known as Education City.[dubious – discuss]
Rohtak is said to be a corruption of Rohtashgarh, a name still applied to the ruined sites of two older sites, one lying immediately north of the present town and other about 5 km towards the east.[citation needed] Traditionally, it is named after Raja Rohtash, in whose days the city is said to have been built.[citation needed] It is also claimed that the town derives its name from the Roherra (Tacoma undulate) tree called Rohitaka in Sanskrit.[citation needed] It is said that before the town came into existence it was the site of a forest of Rohitaka trees and hence the city's name became Rohtak.
As per another theory the city came into existence around 500 BC. It was mentioned as Rohitaka Kūla, Rohitaka Giri or Rohitakapura in Vedic Text and as per tradition the city is said to be founded by Rohit, the son of Harishcandra[citation needed]
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Rourkela
Rourkela pronunciation (help·info) (Oriya:ରାଉରକେଲା) (Bengali:রাউরকেলা ) (Hindi: राउरकेला) is located in the northwestern tip of the Indian state of Orissa at the heart of a rich mineral belt. It is situated about 340 kilometres (211 mi) north of state capital Bhubaneswar.It is surrounded by a range of hills and encircled by rivers. One of the largest steel plants of the Steel Authority of India Limited is situated here. It also has one of the National Institutes of Technology of the country. Rourkela Steel Plant was first to bring cctv to the whole Asia continent for the first time(1984). It is the 14th most clean and green city of India.
The name "Rourkela" in the local tribal language of "Sadri" means "Our Village". It comes under Sundargarh district of the Indian state of Orissa. An indigenous community called Raulia used to inhabit this region.
The picturesque and modern twin towns of Rourkela and Fertilizer Township as well as their developed periphery are located in areas that were once covered by dense forests. Rourkela city came into prominence in the year 1955. According to the census report of 2011 the population of Rourkela City is 7 lakhs approx. Then railway station of Rourkela was within the revenue village of Mahulpali.
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Sawai Madhopur
Sawai Madhopur is a city and a municipality in Sawai Madhopur District in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarters of Sawai Madhopur District.
It is home to the Ranthambore National Park and the historic Ranthambore fortress, which lies within the national park.
This area was ruled by Raja Hammir Dev ( a Rajput king ) of Chauhan lienage along with his Bargujar relatives. The area was destroyed by Allaudin Khiljee.
Sawai Madhopur was built as a planned city by Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh I of Jaipur (1750–1768), who named the township after himself.
Sawai Madhopur is famous for its guavas, affectionately known as "Madhopur guavas" in Rajasthan.
It is one of the largest national parks in India. It is situated around 11 km away from the city of Sawai Madhopur. It was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India, and was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves in 1973. Ranthambore became a national park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve was enlarged to include Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries.
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Solapur
Solapur pronunciation (help·info) is a city in South Western Maharashtra, India governed by municipal corporation.
Solapur is one of the four districts that form the region of Western Maharashtra (the other three districts are Satara, Kolhapur and Sangli).Solapur is one of the cities in Maharashtra, situated near the borders with Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh It is the fourth largest district in Maharashtra in terms of land area and seventh largest in terms of population. It is an important junction on the Central railway line. Solapur is a city with an array of small and medium scale industries.
Solapur is famous for textile industries, Solapur chadars and towels are famous around the globe.The famous factory outlets/shop are pulagam textile, tanabana, chatala, boddul textile, venugopal textile, etc. It has been a leading center for cotton mills and power looms, though recent times have seen these industries relocate elsewhere.
The chief deity of the city is Shri Siddeshwar. The "Nandidhwaj" procession on Makar Sankranti fair is attended by millions of devotees. An annual fair is held in the month of January wherein huge crowd comes from various parts of country, which is called as Gadda Fair in vernacular language.
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Surat
Surat, previously known as Suryapur, is a commercial city of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is also administrative capital of Surat district and one of the fastest growing cities in India. The city proper is the third cleanest city in India. Surat is Gujarat's second largest city and India's 8th most populated city (in terms of Population in Municipal Corporation area of the City) with a population of 4.5 million. Surat ranks fourth in a global study of fastest developing cities conducted by The City Mayors Foundation, an international think tank on urban affairs. It is the fastest growing Indian city in terms of economic prosperity. The city registered an annualised GDP growth rate of 11.5 per cent over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008, according to data compiled by the economic research firm Indicus Analytics. UK-based charity, The Ecological Sequestration Trust (TEST), has selected Surat as one of the three cities in the world, to be developed as "global cities."
The city is located 306 km south of state capital Gandhinagar, and is situated on the left bank of the Tapti River (Tapi), the centre being around 22 km (14 mi) from its mouth. A moat divides the older parts of the city, with its narrow streets and handsome houses, and the newer suburbs. The city is largely recognised for its textile and diamond businesses. It is also known as the diamond capital of the world and the textile capital/Manchester textile city of India, a distinction it took over from Ahmedabad. It is also known as the "Embroidery capital of India" with the highest number of embroidery machines than any other city. 92% of the world's diamonds are cut and polished in Surat. It has one of the highest GDP growth rates in India at 11.5% as of 2008. Surat was the primary port of India during the Mughal period, a distinction it lost to Bombay during the late 17th century as the East India Company grew.
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Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli ((tiruccirāppaḷḷi) pronunciation (help·info)) (spelt as Trichinopoly in the records of British India), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. It is the fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state.
The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Cholas, Early Pandyas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Delhi Sultanate, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur which served as the capital of the Early Cholas is a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. Tiruchirappalli played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars between the British and the French East India companies. The city has a number of historical monuments, the Rockfort, Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval being the most prominent among them.
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Udaipur
Udaipur pronunciation (help·info) (Rajasthani: उदैपर) (उदयपुर), also known as the City of Lakes, is a city, a Municipal Council and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan in western India. It is located 403 kilometres (250 mi) southwest of the state capital, Jaipur, 248 kilometres (154 mi) west of Kota, and 250 kilometres (155 mi) northeast from Ahmedabad. Udaipur is the historic capital of the kingdom of Mewar in the former Rajputana Agency. The Guhils (Sisodia) clan ruled the Mewar and its capital was shifted from Chittorgarh to Udaipur after founding city of Udaipur by Maharana Uday Singh. The Mewar province became part of Rajasthan after India became independent
Apart from its history, culture, and scenic locations, it is also known for its Rajput-era palaces. The Lake Palace, for instance, covers an entire island in the Pichola Lake. Many of the palaces have been converted into luxury hotels. It is often called the "Venice of the East", and is also nicknamed the "Lake City".Lake Pichola, Fateh Sagar Lake, Udai Sagar and Swaroop Sagar in this city are considered some of the most beautiful lakes in the state.
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Ujjain
Ujjain pronunciation (help·info) (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti, Avantikapuri), is an ancient city of Malwa region in central India, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River (Hindi: क्षिप्रा), today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division.
In ancient times the city was called Ujjayini. As mentioned in the Mahabharata epic, Ujjayini was the capital of the Avanti Kingdom, and has been the Prime Meridian for Hindu geographers since the 4th century BCE. Ujjain is one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every 12 years. It is also home to Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines to the god Shiva and is also the place where Lord Krishna got education with Balarama and Sudama from Maharshi Sandipani.
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Vadodara
Vadodara, formerly known as Baroda, is the third largest and most populated city in the Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. Historical and archaeological findings date this place back to the 9th century when it was a small town called Ankottaka (present Akota) located on the right bank of the river Vishvamitri (whose name is derived from the great saint Rishi Vishwamitra). Ankottaka was a famous centre of Jainism in the 5th and 6th century AD. Some of the Akota bronze images can be seen in the Vadodara Museum. The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors). Later on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'. It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.
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Varanasi Junction
Varanasi Junction, popularly known as Varanasi Cantt Railway Station is the major rail hub in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the busiest railway stations in India.
The Varanasi Cant Railway Station has modern Route Interlock System with automated signalling system. Varanasi Cant is the highest revenue generating station of Northern Railways, as the station records a rush of more than 1.5 lakh passengers and more than 230 trains passing through here on a daily basis. It is partly under the administrative control of Lucknow Division of the Northern Railway Zone, and partly under the administrative control of Varanasi Division of the North Eastern Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. Railway Minister Miss Mamata Bannerjee has included Varanasi Cant in World-Class Railway Stations development project.
The first railway line to Banaras or Benares was opened from Howrah in December 1862 and was built by the East Indian Railway Company. The station was build on right bank of the Ganges. Later in 1872, Oudh & Rohilkund Railway Company opened rail line from Benaras to Lucknow. In 1887, Dufferin Bridge was constructed over the Ganges at Benares allowing trains to go to Mughalsarai.
wn.com/Varanasi_Junction -
Virar
Virar is a city in Maharashtra, India, part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Virar is also a part of Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation in Thane district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Virar railway station is the northern-most railway station on the Western Line of Mumbai Suburban Railway.
Virar is located at 19°28′N 72°48′E / 19.47°N 72.8°E / 19.47; 72.8. It has an average elevation of 11 metres (36 feet). The climate of the city is tropical. During Summer,
The name Virar, as some believe, comes from the Indian philosopher Jeevan Virar. Some however argue that the name actually comes from the Goddess Eka-viraa (एकविरा). Just as Tunga Parvat becomes “Tunga-ar”, similarly “Vira” becomes “Vira-ar”.There is a huge temple of Eka-vira Devi on the banks of Vaitarna River at the foot hills Tunga Parvat, (this is now totally broken by the continuous raids of Mohamedeans and Portuguese in the last 400 years), where people used to conclude their “Shurpaaraka Yatra”, as described in the Puranas and local legends. There is a huge tank here dedicated to Eka veera Devi called “Viraar Tirtha”, i.e. “Eka- Viraa Tirtha”. Even today, on the west banks of Viraar Tirtha, one finds a carved stone about three feet long and nine inches broad. Below that is a group of female figures of the Yoginis of Ekaveera Devi. Nearby one can find a stone with a roughly cut cow and calf (Savatsa Dhenu), a symbol of Govardhana Math which symbolizes eternity or Moksha. Moving ahead near the foot of a knoll of rock are two cow’s feet (Go-Paad) roughly cut in rock.
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Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km2 and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.
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Claude Batley
Claude Batley (1879 in Ipswich - March 20, 1956, Bombay) was an English architect who left for India in 1913 and started a successful practice there in 1917 with Gregson and King, a firm of architects which is still extant under the name of Gregson, Batley and King.
Among his works are the Bombay Gymkhana (1917); Wankaner Palace (1933) now Lincoln House, the American Consulate, Breach Candy; Bombay Central Station (1930); South Court or popularly now known as Jinnah House, (1935); Round Building (1937), Cusrow Baug in Colaba Causeway (1937–59) and its Agiary, known as The Seth Nusserwanji Hirji Karani Agiary (1938), Bombay Club (1939) later Hotel Nataraj and now Inter-Continental Mumbai, Lalbhai House (1942) and Breach Candy Hospital (1950).
He became a visiting professor in the J. J. School of Art in the year 1914, and its principal in the year 1923. He held this post for a period of 20 years, during which he took his students on trips all over the country making measure drawings of buildings of architectural significance. He spent a lot of time in research and documented Jaipur's architecture. He was the president of the "Bombay Architectural Association" (now merged into The Indian Institute of Architects) from 1925 to 1926.
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Flash Mob for World Autism Awareness Day (Mumbai Central)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:19
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
The United Nations has officially declared the 2nd of April as World Autism Awareness Day!!! To help increase awareness and as a tribute to those suffering from Autism, SOPAN ( an NGO that has been dedicated to helping such children since the past 10 years ) along with DANCE DYNAMIX ( a newly born dance company specialized in teaching dance forms like jazz, contemporary, hip hop, bollywood and more.. ) put their best foot forward and did a flash mob at Mumbai Central station, lightening up the environment and raising the spirits of the on looking travellers. For those who are not aware about Autism here is a small write up that would educate you on what these kids suffer from - Autism is not a disease. It is a lifelong condition due to a brain disorder. The term autism is often used to refer to a spectrum of disorders. In this spectrum some people are more severely affected than others. But they all share some common symptoms. Autism can occur among people of any race, community and socio-economic group. However it is found to be four times more common in boys than in girls. Children with Autism may develop like other children till they are about 30 months old. Unlike others, children with Autism experience problems in expressing themselves and understanding the feelings of people. They may not be interested in playing and developing friendships with other children. They prefer to be alone or by themselves. They seem to have limited interests, stereotypical behaviours and ...
http://wn.com/Flash_Mob_for_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_Mumbai_Central
The United Nations has officially declared the 2nd of April as World Autism Awareness Day!!! To help increase awareness and as a tribute to those suffering from Autism, SOPAN ( an NGO that has been dedicated to helping such children since the past 10 years ) along with DANCE DYNAMIX ( a newly born dance company specialized in teaching dance forms like jazz, contemporary, hip hop, bollywood and more.. ) put their best foot forward and did a flash mob at Mumbai Central station, lightening up the environment and raising the spirits of the on looking travellers. For those who are not aware about Autism here is a small write up that would educate you on what these kids suffer from - Autism is not a disease. It is a lifelong condition due to a brain disorder. The term autism is often used to refer to a spectrum of disorders. In this spectrum some people are more severely affected than others. But they all share some common symptoms. Autism can occur among people of any race, community and socio-economic group. However it is found to be four times more common in boys than in girls. Children with Autism may develop like other children till they are about 30 months old. Unlike others, children with Autism experience problems in expressing themselves and understanding the feelings of people. They may not be interested in playing and developing friendships with other children. They prefer to be alone or by themselves. They seem to have limited interests, stereotypical behaviours and ...
BEHOLD ! GRAND ENTRANCE OF AIR CONDITIONED DOUBLE DECKER AC EXP INTO MUMBAI CENTRAL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
After leaving Mahalaxmi at night, managed to capture the Air Conditioned Double Decker Express slowly making it's grand entry into Mumbai Central station with BRC WAP-4E# 22324 as the leading locomotive. I was upset after the emu crossed me otherwise I would be able to capture the full train. This Double Decker train is manufactured by RCF Kapurthala and has NWR markings on it. The video of parallel action of my emu with DD AC express can be seen as follows; www.youtube.com Camera: SONY HDR PJ50E Location: Mahalaxmi, Mumbai Central, Mumbai Date: 24/04/2012 Time: 19:25hrs
http://wn.com/BEHOLD_!_GRAND_ENTRANCE_OF_AIR_CONDITIONED_DOUBLE_DECKER_AC_EXP_INTO_MUMBAI_CENTRAL
After leaving Mahalaxmi at night, managed to capture the Air Conditioned Double Decker Express slowly making it's grand entry into Mumbai Central station with BRC WAP-4E# 22324 as the leading locomotive. I was upset after the emu crossed me otherwise I would be able to capture the full train. This Double Decker train is manufactured by RCF Kapurthala and has NWR markings on it. The video of parallel action of my emu with DD AC express can be seen as follows; www.youtube.com Camera: SONY HDR PJ50E Location: Mahalaxmi, Mumbai Central, Mumbai Date: 24/04/2012 Time: 19:25hrs
- published: 24 Apr 2012
- views: 8097
- author: arzan1980
[IRFCA] Mumbai Central-Dadar!!!!!!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 19 Jun 2012
http://wn.com/_IRFCA_Mumbai_Central-Dadar!!!!!!!!
Mumbai central-New Delhi Duronto Inagural Special Express
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
02209 down Mumbai central- New Delhi Duronto Express Loco incharged: WAP-4#22560 of Vadodara shed. Zone. WESTERN RAILWAYS Date: 18/03/12. Max Speed: 120-130 Kmph. Avg Speed: 80 Kmph(DOWN); 81 Kmph(UP) . 22209 down Mumbai-New Delhi, 22210 Up New Delhi-Mumbai
http://wn.com/Mumbai_central-New_Delhi_Duronto_Inagural_Special_Express
02209 down Mumbai central- New Delhi Duronto Express Loco incharged: WAP-4#22560 of Vadodara shed. Zone. WESTERN RAILWAYS Date: 18/03/12. Max Speed: 120-130 Kmph. Avg Speed: 80 Kmph(DOWN); 81 Kmph(UP) . 22209 down Mumbai-New Delhi, 22210 Up New Delhi-Mumbai
- published: 18 Mar 2012
- views: 3906
- author: sagitaurean
Indian Railways..Shatabdi express departing from Mumbai Central
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
2009 BCT-ADI (LHB) Shatabdi makes a roaring early morning departure from Mumbai Central towards it's destination, Ahmedabad at it's scheduled departure time of 06 25 am. The train was hauled by a WCAM-2P 21877 from Valsad locomotive shed. As the train was clearing the points to enter the main line, we were greeted by a Churchgate bound MRVC EMU. Video shot from C-1 coach which is 2nd from the loco & very next to the Luggage brake Generator car.
http://wn.com/Indian_RailwaysShatabdi_express_departing_from_Mumbai_Central
2009 BCT-ADI (LHB) Shatabdi makes a roaring early morning departure from Mumbai Central towards it's destination, Ahmedabad at it's scheduled departure time of 06 25 am. The train was hauled by a WCAM-2P 21877 from Valsad locomotive shed. As the train was clearing the points to enter the main line, we were greeted by a Churchgate bound MRVC EMU. Video shot from C-1 coach which is 2nd from the loco & very next to the Luggage brake Generator car.
- published: 22 Nov 2009
- views: 11014
- author: Rishikesh Shinde
IRFCA - Rail fanning at BCT (Mumbai Central Station) on WR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Thanks to Arzan bhai for doing all the hard work and getting a RF permit at BCT and various other station on WR line. This video was taken on 27/5 in evening hrs. There was a lot of action at BCT. Saurashtra mail was at Pf.1. While Special Rajdhani was getting ready for its dept from Pf.3. We (me, Arzan and Hemang jani) had a small chat with ALP of the train and informed us that this train gets a WAP4 from BRC and even beyond BRC upto NDLS it has a section MPS of 100 even though it is a LHB rake. 09003 Rajdhani special departed at dot 19:45hrs with WCAM1. The other train in the video entering BCT is 19024 FZP-BCT Janata Exp.
http://wn.com/IRFCA_Rail_fanning_at_BCT_Mumbai_Central_Station_on_WR
Thanks to Arzan bhai for doing all the hard work and getting a RF permit at BCT and various other station on WR line. This video was taken on 27/5 in evening hrs. There was a lot of action at BCT. Saurashtra mail was at Pf.1. While Special Rajdhani was getting ready for its dept from Pf.3. We (me, Arzan and Hemang jani) had a small chat with ALP of the train and informed us that this train gets a WAP4 from BRC and even beyond BRC upto NDLS it has a section MPS of 100 even though it is a LHB rake. 09003 Rajdhani special departed at dot 19:45hrs with WCAM1. The other train in the video entering BCT is 19024 FZP-BCT Janata Exp.
- published: 30 May 2011
- views: 2280
- author: Gala Nirav
Indian Railways..Night video of Mumbai Central-Indore Duronto express
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:21
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
BL WCAM2 speeds through Nalasopara station with the brand new LHB coaches of the recently introduced 12227 BCT-INDB Duronto express.
http://wn.com/Indian_RailwaysNight_video_of_Mumbai_Central-Indore_Duronto_express
BL WCAM2 speeds through Nalasopara station with the brand new LHB coaches of the recently introduced 12227 BCT-INDB Duronto express.
- published: 24 Feb 2011
- views: 57995
- author: Rishikesh Shinde
2962 INDORE - MUMBAI CENTRAL AVANTIKA EXPRESS - ANAS KHAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
This is 2962 Indore - Mumbai Central AVANTIKA EXPRESS which is going to arrive at platform no.4 of Ratlam Junction railway station in Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh. The train goes via. Ujjain, Ratlam, Vadodara , Surat to Mumbai Central railway station of Mumbai. The train is the only connection of Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh with Mumbai, the commercial capital of India. The train is hauled by Ratlam WDM diesel locomotives from Indore to Ujjain and than with Vadodara BRC electrical locomotives from Ujjain till Vadodara. The train earlier runs between Indore and Bandra which than intended to Mumbai Central. - ANAS KHAN (email: anask14@gmail.com)
http://wn.com/2962_INDORE_MUMBAI_CENTRAL_AVANTIKA_EXPRESS_ANAS_KHAN
This is 2962 Indore - Mumbai Central AVANTIKA EXPRESS which is going to arrive at platform no.4 of Ratlam Junction railway station in Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh. The train goes via. Ujjain, Ratlam, Vadodara , Surat to Mumbai Central railway station of Mumbai. The train is the only connection of Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh with Mumbai, the commercial capital of India. The train is hauled by Ratlam WDM diesel locomotives from Indore to Ujjain and than with Vadodara BRC electrical locomotives from Ujjain till Vadodara. The train earlier runs between Indore and Bandra which than intended to Mumbai Central. - ANAS KHAN (email: anask14@gmail.com)
- published: 01 Jul 2010
- views: 5484
- author: Anas Khan
A visit to a new Ahmedabad-Mumbai central AC double-decker train of Indian Railways
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
A visit to a new Ahmedabad-Mumbai central AC double-decker train of Indian Railways
http://wn.com/A_visit_to_a_new_Ahmedabad-Mumbai_central_AC_double-decker_train_of_Indian_Railways
A visit to a new Ahmedabad-Mumbai central AC double-decker train of Indian Railways
- published: 19 Sep 2012
- views: 8868
- author: DeshGujaratHD
12227 Mumbai Central Indore AC Duronto Express
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
The most awaited train in between Mumbai and Indore got inaugurated on 26-Jan-2011 Republic day. Loco in-charge was BL WCAM-2D 21862 with first ever LHB Duronto for Mumbai (WR). On its first run, train left Mumbai at 11:30 AM and will reach Indore at 11:20 PM with average speed of 70.1 Kmph. Indore Duronto is the first AC Duronto train service of Madhya Pradesh state. The train covers the 829 km route in 13 hours and 5 minutes from Indore to Mumbai and in 12 hours from Mumbai to Indore. It has technical stops at Ujjain (1 min), Ratlam (15 min) and Vadodra (for loco change). 12228 leaves Indore at 23.00 hrs every Friday and Sunday & will reach Mumbai Central next day at 12.15 hrs with average running speed of 63.4 Kmph. 12227 leaves Mumbai at 23.15 hrs. every Thursday and Saturday & will reach Indore next day at 11.15 hrs. with average running speed of 69.1 Kmph. So if we count round trip then this train will run on average speed of 66.25 Kmph. This train consists of 16 coaches including Two AC-1, Three AC-2, Four AC-3, Four AC-Economy, One Pantry Car and Two Generator Cars. This is my 2nd Duronto Inauguration video. I was with Aamod and Adil (can be seen in video). Now Mumbai RF are waiting for next allotment of LHB rakes for Jaipur AC Duronto Express :).
http://wn.com/12227_Mumbai_Central_Indore_AC_Duronto_Express
The most awaited train in between Mumbai and Indore got inaugurated on 26-Jan-2011 Republic day. Loco in-charge was BL WCAM-2D 21862 with first ever LHB Duronto for Mumbai (WR). On its first run, train left Mumbai at 11:30 AM and will reach Indore at 11:20 PM with average speed of 70.1 Kmph. Indore Duronto is the first AC Duronto train service of Madhya Pradesh state. The train covers the 829 km route in 13 hours and 5 minutes from Indore to Mumbai and in 12 hours from Mumbai to Indore. It has technical stops at Ujjain (1 min), Ratlam (15 min) and Vadodra (for loco change). 12228 leaves Indore at 23.00 hrs every Friday and Sunday & will reach Mumbai Central next day at 12.15 hrs with average running speed of 63.4 Kmph. 12227 leaves Mumbai at 23.15 hrs. every Thursday and Saturday & will reach Indore next day at 11.15 hrs. with average running speed of 69.1 Kmph. So if we count round trip then this train will run on average speed of 66.25 Kmph. This train consists of 16 coaches including Two AC-1, Three AC-2, Four AC-3, Four AC-Economy, One Pantry Car and Two Generator Cars. This is my 2nd Duronto Inauguration video. I was with Aamod and Adil (can be seen in video). Now Mumbai RF are waiting for next allotment of LHB rakes for Jaipur AC Duronto Express :).
- published: 26 Jan 2011
- views: 5233
- author: Amit Patel
Indian Railways..Shatabdi express & Gujarat express..Scenes from Mumbai Central & Umbargam road
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
1) 05 40 am: 12009 Mumbai Central - Ahmedabad Shatabdi express checks in at Mumbai Central in reverse mode as the Ahmedabad bound Gujarat express in which I am traveling, gets ready for it's departure 2) 05 45: Gujarat express departs from Mumbai Central..40 mins to go for Shatabdi departure 3) 140 km later, Gujarat express is looped at Umbargam road for the Shatabdi express to overtake it..Enjoy the 120 kmph blast
http://wn.com/Indian_RailwaysShatabdi_express_Gujarat_expressScenes_from_Mumbai_Central_Umbargam_road
1) 05 40 am: 12009 Mumbai Central - Ahmedabad Shatabdi express checks in at Mumbai Central in reverse mode as the Ahmedabad bound Gujarat express in which I am traveling, gets ready for it's departure 2) 05 45: Gujarat express departs from Mumbai Central..40 mins to go for Shatabdi departure 3) 140 km later, Gujarat express is looped at Umbargam road for the Shatabdi express to overtake it..Enjoy the 120 kmph blast
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 7111
- author: Rishikesh Shinde
Orchid Enclave by DB Realty Mumbai Central Call 8652288515
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:32
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
For Site Visit, Bookings & Availiblity, Call Now: Shah Sons 8652288515 / 7387414292 Orchid Enclave, a Residential Property at Mahalaxmi comprising of 47-storied residential tower comprising of 2, 3 BHK & Duplex flats by DB Realty at Mahalaxmi in Mumbai. Orchid Enclave is the fourth tallest residential towers in India, standing with a height of 210 meters, surpassed by the Imperial Towers, Palais Royale and Lodha Bellissimo, all in Mumbai. Expected floor count is 47 floors, with five extra floors for parking. The construction is expected to be completed by 2012. Located just five minutes from Mumbai Central station, Orchid Enclave brings international standards of residences to the city's most notable and vital location. This elegant twin tower of 47 floors each, is far away from the world below. And elevates you to a new standard of luxury and exclusivity in each of its apartments.
http://wn.com/Orchid_Enclave_by_DB_Realty_Mumbai_Central_Call_8652288515
For Site Visit, Bookings & Availiblity, Call Now: Shah Sons 8652288515 / 7387414292 Orchid Enclave, a Residential Property at Mahalaxmi comprising of 47-storied residential tower comprising of 2, 3 BHK & Duplex flats by DB Realty at Mahalaxmi in Mumbai. Orchid Enclave is the fourth tallest residential towers in India, standing with a height of 210 meters, surpassed by the Imperial Towers, Palais Royale and Lodha Bellissimo, all in Mumbai. Expected floor count is 47 floors, with five extra floors for parking. The construction is expected to be completed by 2012. Located just five minutes from Mumbai Central station, Orchid Enclave brings international standards of residences to the city's most notable and vital location. This elegant twin tower of 47 floors each, is far away from the world below. And elevates you to a new standard of luxury and exclusivity in each of its apartments.
- published: 11 Sep 2011
- views: 910
- author: shahsonsindia
Diesel-hauled Paschim Exp. Reverses out of Bombay Central (Aug. 1995)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
For a short while, the Paschim Exp. used to be diesel-hauled between Bombay and Vadodara. Video shows the rake being pushed towards the maintenance yard by the very same WDM2 that hauled it in. Note the different liveries of coaches in the consist.
http://wn.com/Diesel-hauled_Paschim_Exp_Reverses_out_of_Bombay_Central_Aug_1995
For a short while, the Paschim Exp. used to be diesel-hauled between Bombay and Vadodara. Video shows the rake being pushed towards the maintenance yard by the very same WDM2 that hauled it in. Note the different liveries of coaches in the consist.
- published: 01 Jun 2012
- views: 981
- author: vb642
MUMBAI RAJDHANI EXPRESS LOCO COUPLING AT MUMBAI CENTRAL STATION
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:28
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Today, 17/05/2012, 12951 Mumbai Central New Delhi Rajdhani Express celebrates it's 40th birthday. At 16:15hrs, very clean GZB WAP-5# 30038 with no decorations gets coupled/attached to the mighty 12951 Mumbai Central New Delhi Rajdhani Express at Mumbai Central railway station. The image of GZB WAP-5# 30038 can be seen as follows; www.flickr.com Venue: Mumbai Central, Western Railway, Mumbai, Maharashtra
http://wn.com/MUMBAI_RAJDHANI_EXPRESS_LOCO_COUPLING_AT_MUMBAI_CENTRAL_STATION
Today, 17/05/2012, 12951 Mumbai Central New Delhi Rajdhani Express celebrates it's 40th birthday. At 16:15hrs, very clean GZB WAP-5# 30038 with no decorations gets coupled/attached to the mighty 12951 Mumbai Central New Delhi Rajdhani Express at Mumbai Central railway station. The image of GZB WAP-5# 30038 can be seen as follows; www.flickr.com Venue: Mumbai Central, Western Railway, Mumbai, Maharashtra
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 3837
- author: arzan1980
22210 New Delhi-Mumbai central DURONTO Express at WR-CR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:43
- Updated: 04 May 2012
Mumbai Duronto Express comes back Home from Delhi as 22210 up and also did her first official run with her original train number. Same BRC WAP-4e#22650 that was used for Inaguration brought back the duronto Right time! You can see CR Local ie Kalyan down local passing through before dadar this is the very place where CR and WR meets. Location: Elphinstone Road WR/ Parel CR.
http://wn.com/22210_New_Delhi-Mumbai_central_DURONTO_Express_at_WR-CR
Mumbai Duronto Express comes back Home from Delhi as 22210 up and also did her first official run with her original train number. Same BRC WAP-4e#22650 that was used for Inaguration brought back the duronto Right time! You can see CR Local ie Kalyan down local passing through before dadar this is the very place where CR and WR meets. Location: Elphinstone Road WR/ Parel CR.
- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 870
- author: sagitaurean
IRFCA - Mumbai Rajdhani Express (Departure - New Delhi Rly Station)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Friday, November 14th, 2008, 4:36:32 PM ----- Mumbai Rajdhani Express (Departure - New Delhi Railway Station)
http://wn.com/IRFCA_Mumbai_Rajdhani_Express_Departure_New_Delhi_Rly_Station
Friday, November 14th, 2008, 4:36:32 PM ----- Mumbai Rajdhani Express (Departure - New Delhi Railway Station)
- published: 16 Nov 2008
- views: 36762
- author: Sameer7678
WAP-5 hauled Mumbai Rajdhani departing from Mumbai central
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
Train Name: Mumbai Rajdhani Express Train number: 12951 down Zone: Western Railways. Speed: 90 Kmph(avg) Top Speed: 130-140 Kmph Loco: WAP-5#30029 Location: Mumbai central platform no.1. Fastest Rajdhani of India starts her second run with WAP loco throughout the journey, right from Mumbai central (Video location) to New Delhi.
http://wn.com/WAP-5_hauled_Mumbai_Rajdhani_departing_from_Mumbai_central
Train Name: Mumbai Rajdhani Express Train number: 12951 down Zone: Western Railways. Speed: 90 Kmph(avg) Top Speed: 130-140 Kmph Loco: WAP-5#30029 Location: Mumbai central platform no.1. Fastest Rajdhani of India starts her second run with WAP loco throughout the journey, right from Mumbai central (Video location) to New Delhi.
- published: 09 Feb 2012
- views: 1952
- author: sagitaurean
Bombay Central Railway Station
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:29
- Updated: 30 Dec 2011
Bombay, India
http://wn.com/Bombay_Central_Railway_Station
2009 Mumbai-Ahmedabad Shatabdi Expess on 15th Aug on its Inaugural run with new LHB coaches
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 14 Jun 2012
2009 Shatabdi express departs borivali on its inaugural run with new LHB coaches. I apologise as I could not record the locomotive and for a little shaky video.
http://wn.com/2009_Mumbai-Ahmedabad_Shatabdi_Expess_on_15th_Aug_on_its_Inaugural_run_with_new_LHB_coaches
2009 Shatabdi express departs borivali on its inaugural run with new LHB coaches. I apologise as I could not record the locomotive and for a little shaky video.
- published: 16 Aug 2009
- views: 7861
- author: Mihir Chothani
Inaugural run Mumbai New Delhi 02209 AC Duronto Express
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Here comes the most awaited train in WR BCT-NDLS AC Duronto Express. Inaugural run of Mumbai Central -- New Delhi -- 02209 AC Duronto Express hauled by BRC WAP-4 # 22560 (VCD fitted). The same loco hauled Inaugural run of Bandra -- Udaipur Superfast Express. On Inaugural run it was made to run as 02209. Train departed Mumbai Central on Sunday at 12:25 PM to reach New Delhi on Monday at 08:30 AM. Regular run for this train will be as 22209 departing Mumbai Central on Mon and Fri at 11:15 PM to reach New Delhi on next consecutive days at 4:55 PM. In return it will depart from New Delhi on Tue and Sat at 11:30 PM to reach Mumbai Central on next consecutive days at 5:00 PM. Initially in TAAG 2012 this train was marked to reach BCT at 4:20 PM. Don't know why they changed time. This will the first train to overtake mighty Swaraj Express and Ernakulam Duronto (if required) on Sunday. 22209 will take 17 hours 40 minutes to cover distance of 1384 Km with an average speed of 78.34 Km/ph with 2 technical halts out of 202 intermediate stations between Mumbai Central and New Delhi. 22210 will take 17 hours 30 minutes to cover same distance with an average speed of 79.10 Km/ph with same technical halts. On Down line this is the 6th fastest train in between BCT and NDLS whereas on Up line this is the 4th fastest train in between NDSL and BCT. This is my 6th video of any Inaugural run. Location: Bhayandar Date & Time: Sunday, March 18, 2012, 1:28:55 PM Camera: Canon PowerShot SX30 IS
http://wn.com/Inaugural_run_Mumbai_New_Delhi_02209_AC_Duronto_Express
Here comes the most awaited train in WR BCT-NDLS AC Duronto Express. Inaugural run of Mumbai Central -- New Delhi -- 02209 AC Duronto Express hauled by BRC WAP-4 # 22560 (VCD fitted). The same loco hauled Inaugural run of Bandra -- Udaipur Superfast Express. On Inaugural run it was made to run as 02209. Train departed Mumbai Central on Sunday at 12:25 PM to reach New Delhi on Monday at 08:30 AM. Regular run for this train will be as 22209 departing Mumbai Central on Mon and Fri at 11:15 PM to reach New Delhi on next consecutive days at 4:55 PM. In return it will depart from New Delhi on Tue and Sat at 11:30 PM to reach Mumbai Central on next consecutive days at 5:00 PM. Initially in TAAG 2012 this train was marked to reach BCT at 4:20 PM. Don't know why they changed time. This will the first train to overtake mighty Swaraj Express and Ernakulam Duronto (if required) on Sunday. 22209 will take 17 hours 40 minutes to cover distance of 1384 Km with an average speed of 78.34 Km/ph with 2 technical halts out of 202 intermediate stations between Mumbai Central and New Delhi. 22210 will take 17 hours 30 minutes to cover same distance with an average speed of 79.10 Km/ph with same technical halts. On Down line this is the 6th fastest train in between BCT and NDLS whereas on Up line this is the 4th fastest train in between NDSL and BCT. This is my 6th video of any Inaugural run. Location: Bhayandar Date & Time: Sunday, March 18, 2012, 1:28:55 PM Camera: Canon PowerShot SX30 IS
- published: 18 Mar 2012
- views: 6882
- author: Amit Patel
2956 JAIPUR - MUMBAI SUPER FAST EXPRESS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
The BRC loco haulled Jaipur Express is just going to arrive at Ratlam Junction railway station of Ratlam in madhya pradesh. Jaipur - Mumbai Central Express runs between Jaipur Junction Railway Station in Rajasthan and Mumbai Central Railway Station in Maharashtra.This train touches the towns of Surat, Vadodara, Ratlam, Kota and Sawai Madhopur. it operates daily and covers a distance of 1159 km
http://wn.com/2956_JAIPUR_MUMBAI_SUPER_FAST_EXPRESS
The BRC loco haulled Jaipur Express is just going to arrive at Ratlam Junction railway station of Ratlam in madhya pradesh. Jaipur - Mumbai Central Express runs between Jaipur Junction Railway Station in Rajasthan and Mumbai Central Railway Station in Maharashtra.This train touches the towns of Surat, Vadodara, Ratlam, Kota and Sawai Madhopur. it operates daily and covers a distance of 1159 km
- published: 22 Nov 2010
- views: 6094
- author: Anas Khan
Inaugural Run Of The Ahmedabad Mumbai AC Double Decker Express!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:30
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Date: September 19, 2012 Location: Palghar Station Camera: Nokia PureView 808 After months of waiting, the much sought after Mumbai Ahmedabad AC Double Decker Express has been flagged off. This video was captured during its inaugural run from Ahmedabad to Mumbai Central. It was in its last leg of its inaugural journey and was crossing my hometown Palghar. Starting September 20, 2012, the train would start its journey from Mumbai Central on all days except Sunday at 14:20 hours and reach Ahmedabad at 21:40 hours. The train will cover the 492 kilometres in 7 hours and 20 minutes. In the reverse direction the train would leave Ahmedabad at 06:00 hours in the morning and reach Mumbai Central at 13:00 hours. This time the journey time is slightly lesser with the train taking 7 hours to cover the same distance. Halts have been provided at Borivali - Vapi - Surat - Bharuch - Vadodara - Anand and Nadiad.
http://wn.com/Inaugural_Run_Of_The_Ahmedabad_Mumbai_AC_Double_Decker_Express!!
Date: September 19, 2012 Location: Palghar Station Camera: Nokia PureView 808 After months of waiting, the much sought after Mumbai Ahmedabad AC Double Decker Express has been flagged off. This video was captured during its inaugural run from Ahmedabad to Mumbai Central. It was in its last leg of its inaugural journey and was crossing my hometown Palghar. Starting September 20, 2012, the train would start its journey from Mumbai Central on all days except Sunday at 14:20 hours and reach Ahmedabad at 21:40 hours. The train will cover the 492 kilometres in 7 hours and 20 minutes. In the reverse direction the train would leave Ahmedabad at 06:00 hours in the morning and reach Mumbai Central at 13:00 hours. This time the journey time is slightly lesser with the train taking 7 hours to cover the same distance. Halts have been provided at Borivali - Vapi - Surat - Bharuch - Vadodara - Anand and Nadiad.
- published: 19 Sep 2012
- views: 2939
- author: Rahul Srinivas
Birthday Boy... Mumbai Rajdhani Express... Long live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Introduced on 17-May-1972 with ICF rake and twin diesel WDM-2 of Ratlam shed, Mumbai Rajdhani was a prestige for Western Railway. Today 17-May-2012, its completing 40 years of service and still the King of Western Railway. Happy Birthday King... Long Live. The 12951/12952 Mumbai Rajdhani Express is the fastest train on the Mumbai - Delhi sector as well as the fastest Rajdhani in India. It is a daily service from Mumbai Central to New Delhi. It operates as train number 12951 from Mumbai Central to New Delhi Railway Station and as train number 12952 in the reverse direction. It covers a distance of 1385 kilometers in each direction however it takes 15 hours 50 minutes when operating as train number 12951 at an average speed of 90.70 km/h (excluding halts) while its return journey as train number 12952 takes 16 hrs 05 minutes at an average speed of 87.70 km/h (excluding halts) thus making it the fastest train on the Mumbai - Delhi sector and 3rd fastest train on Indian Railway. It used to depart with WCAM-2P locomotive from Mumbai central in order to use Mumbai's DC traction wires prior to complete AC Electrification of Western Railway's Suburban Line. Post ACfication on Mumbai Suburban line on 5-Feb-2012, its getting WAP-5 or WAP-7 from 8 February 2012. Since then Mumbai Rajdhani is hauled by WAP-5 or WAP-7 end to end. There is a very popular video of this prestigious train on my channel ie King will remain the King. This was taken when there was a fear of BCT-NDLS Duronto ...
http://wn.com/Birthday_Boy_Mumbai_Rajdhani_Express_Long_live
Introduced on 17-May-1972 with ICF rake and twin diesel WDM-2 of Ratlam shed, Mumbai Rajdhani was a prestige for Western Railway. Today 17-May-2012, its completing 40 years of service and still the King of Western Railway. Happy Birthday King... Long Live. The 12951/12952 Mumbai Rajdhani Express is the fastest train on the Mumbai - Delhi sector as well as the fastest Rajdhani in India. It is a daily service from Mumbai Central to New Delhi. It operates as train number 12951 from Mumbai Central to New Delhi Railway Station and as train number 12952 in the reverse direction. It covers a distance of 1385 kilometers in each direction however it takes 15 hours 50 minutes when operating as train number 12951 at an average speed of 90.70 km/h (excluding halts) while its return journey as train number 12952 takes 16 hrs 05 minutes at an average speed of 87.70 km/h (excluding halts) thus making it the fastest train on the Mumbai - Delhi sector and 3rd fastest train on Indian Railway. It used to depart with WCAM-2P locomotive from Mumbai central in order to use Mumbai's DC traction wires prior to complete AC Electrification of Western Railway's Suburban Line. Post ACfication on Mumbai Suburban line on 5-Feb-2012, its getting WAP-5 or WAP-7 from 8 February 2012. Since then Mumbai Rajdhani is hauled by WAP-5 or WAP-7 end to end. There is a very popular video of this prestigious train on my channel ie King will remain the King. This was taken when there was a fear of BCT-NDLS Duronto ...
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 23884
- author: Amit Patel
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Newstrack India
27 Dec 2012
Tweet. New Delhi, Dec 27 (IANS) Hockey India (HI) Thursday announced the induction of Mumbai Hockey Association (MHA) as its new Associate Member ... "Mumbai was always an important centre from hockey prospective and has produced so many players at national and international levels ... Read More. Anand Bakshi . Mumbai Indians . Mumbai ... Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... Batra ... ... ) .. ).. Comments. ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.7Kb)
The Times of India
27 Dec 2012
MUMBAI ... Government railway police (GRP) officials believe the youngsters wanted to go to south Mumbai and may have changed trains from the Central line to the Western line in Dadar ... Our personnel were present on the platform and took the boy to Sion hospital," said Shivaji Shinde, senior inspector, Mumbai Central GRP ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Dec 2012
Mumbai, Dec 26 (IANS) Public telephone booth operators cried foul over a new diktat by Mumbai Police making it mandatory to keep a record of the address of people making calls and the number he or she calls ... Mukherjee also questioned the crime detection skills of Mumbai Police, stating that a fake caller can still escape by providing a fake identity ... Mumbai Indians . Mumbai ... Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... Central Police Lines ....(size: 3.7Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Dec 2012
Tweet. Mumbai, Dec 26 (IANS) Actor Paresh Rawal feels there is a huge dearth to writers in the Hindi film industry ... Many good writers are coming ... However, the veteran actor is all praises for new actors ... Read More. Mumbai Indians . Mumbai . Rawal Kalan ... Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Dec 2012
Tweet. Mumbai, Dec 26 (IANS) Veteran actor Pran is recovering well after undergoing a surgical procedure, says megastar Amitabh Bachchan ... I speak to him, masked for purposes of infection riddance, and he sees but does not recognise ... Read More. Sunil Bharti Mittal . Mumbai Indians . Mumbai ... Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Indian Express
26 Dec 2012
Gutkha smuggling Rs 3-lakh worth banned subtance seized from Mumbai Central. Four days after gutkha worth Rs 22 lakh was seized from the luggage compartment of the Pushpak Express at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seized another stock of banned paan masala worth Rs 3 lakh from Mumbai Central Railway Station on Monday....(size: 1.7Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Dec 2012
Tweet. Mumbai, Dec 26 (IANS) Singer Adnan Sami, who became famous for non-film songs like "Bheegi bheegi raaton mein" and "Kabhi to nazar milao", will be back with another album next year ... Mumbai Indians ... Sami . Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Dec 2012
Tweet. Mumbai, Dec 26 (IANS) A benchmark index for Indian equities markets was trading higher by 177.89 points in Wednesday's late afternoon session after healthy buying spree in capital goods, bank and metals stocks ... The BSE bank index was trading higher by 193.72 points ... Read More. National Book Trust ... Japan ... Mumbai Indians . Mumbai ... Mumbai Gpo ... Mumbai Central Ho ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.8Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Dec 2012
A series of parking challenges by Central Contracts will include reverse and parallel parking, as well as reversing around corners, the Telegraph reported. A spokesman for Central Contracts ... Central African Republic . Central Post Office . Central Market . Central Jail So . Mumbai Central Ho . Central Building Po . Santacruz Central . Gb Central Bus Stand ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Newstrack India
25 Dec 2012
Tweet. New Delhi, Dec 25 (ANI). 'Aamir' star Rajeev Khandelwal and his co-star Tena Desai were spotted promoting their upcoming movie 'Table No. 21' at Cafe Coffee Day in Mumbai ... "In the movie too, we play this game while having coffee ... (ANI). Read More. Morarji Desai ... Mumbai Indians . Mumbai ... Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.6Kb)
DNA India
25 Dec 2012
Newstrack India
25 Dec 2012
Tweet. Mumbai, Dec 25 (IANS) It has been over a decade since Pooja Bhatt has been seen on the big screen as an actess. She says she is open to the idea of facing the camera again - as long as she gets to act her age. Pooja first turned producer with "Tamanna" in 1998. Later, she took up film direction with "Paap" in 2003. "I would like to act my age ... no chance," she added ... Read More ... Mumbai Indians . Mumbai ... Mumbai Gpo . Mumbai Central Ho ... ).....(size: 4.2Kb)
The Times of India
24 Dec 2012
|
Mumbai Central
मुंबई सेंट्रल Indian Railway Station
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| Location | |
| Coordinates | 18°58′14″N 72°49′10″E / 18.970586°N 72.819358°E / 18.970586; 72.819358Coordinates: 18°58′14″N 72°49′10″E / 18.970586°N 72.819358°E / 18.970586; 72.819358 |
| District | Mumbai city district |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Elevation | MSL + 3m |
| Station Info & Facilities | |
| Station type | Junction Station |
| Structure | Standard on-ground station |
| Station status | Functioning |
| Operation | |
| Code | BC |
| Division(s) | Mumbai |
| Zone(s) | Western Railways |
| History | |
| Opened | 31 December 1930 |
| Electrified | 31 December 1930 |
Mumbai Central (Marathi: मुंबई सेंट्रल), previously known as Bombay Central, is a major intercity railway station in Mumbai and also a station on the Western Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. It was designed by the British architect Claude Batley. It serves as the terminal for several long distance trains operated by Western Railway. The station is located in south Mumbai and the area around the station is known by the same name. Trains depart from the station to various destinations in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Delhi. Mumbai Rajdhani, one of Indian Railways' most prestigious trains, departs for New Delhi.
Contents |
History[link]
The Bombay Baroda Central India Rail organization has extended its reach from Baroda to Pathankot via Delhi. The Colaba-Ballard Pier Railway Station proved insufficient in meeting the demands of a growing population which led the government to make plans for the construction of Bombay Central.
Services[link]
- 12009/10 Shatabdi Express to Ahmedabad via Surat, Vadodara
- 12901/02 Gujarat Mail to Ahmedabad via Surat, Vadodara
- 12903/04 Golden Temple Mail to Amritsar, via Vadodara, Ratlam, Hazrat Nizamuddin, Ambala
- 12921/22 Flying Ranee to Surat
- 12927/28 Vadodara Express to Vadodara
- 12933/34 Karnavati Express to Ahmedabad via Vadodara
- 12267/68 Ahmedabad AC Duronto Express to Ahmedabad
- 12227/28 AC Indore Duronto Express to Indore
- 12951/52 Mumbai Rajdhani Express to New Delhi via Vadodara, Ratlam, Kota
- 12953/54 August Kranti Rajdhani Express to Hazrat Nizamuddin (Delhi) via Vadodara, Ratlam, Kota
- 12955/56 Jaipur Superfast Express to Jaipur via Vadodara, Ratlam, Kota, Sawai Madhopur
- 12961/62 Avantika Express to Indore via Ratlam, Ujjain
- 12239/40 Jaipur AC Duronto Express
- 19005/06 Saurashtra Mail to Okha via Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Jamnagar
- 19011/12 Gujarat Express to Ahmedabad via Vadodara
- 19215/16 Saurashtra Express to Porbandar via Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Jamnagar
- 19023/24 Firozpur Janata Express to Firozpur (Punjab) via Vadodara, Ratlam, Kota, New Delhi, Rohtak, Bhatinda
- 22209/10 Mumbai Central -New Delhi Duranto Express
In addition to these, some passenger trains and holiday special trains also depart from Mumbai Central.
Facilities[link]
Platforms and Layout[link]
The station is divided into two parts. The eastern half of the station serves long distance trains operated by Indian Railways while the western half serves commuter trains running on the Churchgate-Virar suburban section of Western Railways. The mainline section has five high level platforms terminating in a large concourse on the southern end. The suburban section has four high level platforms. All the platforms are connected by foot overbridges and the mainline platforms are wheelchair accessible from the south end.
Tickets and Reservation[link]
A large Passenger Reservation Center with several ticket windows is located on the east side of the mainline station. Tickets between any two stations in India on any train offering reserved accommodation can be purchased from this facility. There are many Unreserved Ticket Counters in the main concourse for purchasing unreserved tickets for immediate travel on express and passenger trains starting from Mumbai Central. The west and south exits of the suburban section of the station have ticket windows for purchasing tickets for travel on the suburban trains. Suburban train tickets can also be purchased from Automatic Ticket Vending Machines (ATVMs) located at several locations in the station premises.
Food and other Facilities[link]
The concourse on the mainline side has a McDonalds outlet and an outlet of Rajdhani chain of restaurants (not to be confused with the train, Rajdhani Express) serving authentic Indian food.
Bellasis Rail Café at Mumbai Central is located on the first floor near Bellasis Road overbridge connecting Mumbai Central station near the south end booking office. Items in this café are available in food packets, with ready to take away facility.
There are several stalls in the concourse and on the suburban platforms serving snacks, chips, bottled water and cold drinks (soda). There are book stalls in the main concourse and on the suburban platforms selling newspapers, magazines and other reading material. Train timetables are also available at the book stalls. Restrooms (toilets) are available in the concourse on the mainline side.
| Mumbai Central | ||||
| Next station south: Grant Road |
Mumbai Suburban Railway : Western Line | Next station north: Mahalaxmi railway station |
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| Stop No: 5 | KM from start: 4.48 | Platforms: 4 | ||
References[link]
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http://wn.com/Mumbai_Central
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Central
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Bombay" redirects here. For other uses, see Bombay (disambiguation).
| Mumbai Bombay |
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| — metropolitan city — | |
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| Coordinates | 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.975°N 72.82583°E / 18.975; 72.82583Coordinates: 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.975°N 72.82583°E / 18.975; 72.82583 |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District(s) | Mumbai City Mumbai Suburban |
| Municipal commissioner | Subodh Kumar |
| Mayor | Sunil Prabhu (SS) |
| Population |
12,478,447[1][2] (1st) (2011[update]) • 20,694 /km2 (53,597 /sq mi) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
603 km2 (233 sq mi) • 14 metres (46 ft) |
| Website | www.mcgm.gov.in |
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world.[4] Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city.[5] Mumbai is also the richest city in India,[6] and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project,[7] which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea.[8] Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.[9]
Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, it is also one of the world's top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,[10] generating 5% of India's GDP,[11] and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust & JNPT),[12] and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy.[13] Mumbai is home to important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, the SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It houses some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and Marathi film and television industry. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India and, in turn, make the city a potpourri of many communities and cultures.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The name Mumbai is derived from Mumba or Maha-Amba—the name of the Koli goddess Mumbadevi—and Aai, "mother" in the language of Marathi.[14]
The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used.[15][16] Ali Muhammad Khan, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi (1507) referred to the city as Manbai.[17] In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia ("Legends of India").[18][19] This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay",[20] and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese.[21] In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi.[22]
Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), and Boon Bay (1690).[21][23] After the British gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was officially anglicised as Bombay.[24]
By the late 20th century, the city was known as Mumbai or Mambai to Marathi language, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi speakers and as Bambai in Hindi, Persian and Urdu. The English name was officially changed to Mumbai in November 1995.[25] This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party that had just won the Maharashtra state elections and mirrored similar name changes across the country. A theory was proposed suggesting that "Bombay" was a corrupted English version of "Mumbai" and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule. The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region. However, the city is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and Indians from other regions as well.[26] However, mentions of the city by the name other than Mumbai have been controversial, resulting in emotional outbursts sometimes of a violently political nature.[27][28]
A widespread popular etymology of Bombay holds that it was derived from a Portuguese name meaning "good bay". This is based on the facts that bom is Portuguese for "good" and baía (or the archaic spelling bahia) means "bay". However, this literal translation would have been incorrect in grammatical gender, as bom is masculine, while baia is feminine; a correct Portuguese rendering of "good bay" would be boa ba(h)ia. Having said this, baim is an archaic, masculine word for "little bay".[20]
Portuguese scholar José Pedro Machado in his Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (1981; "Portuguese Dictionary of Onomastics and Etymology"), seems to reject the "Bom Bahia" hypothesis, suggesting that the presence of a bay was a coincidence (rather than a basis of the toponym) and led to a misconception, that the noun (bahia; "bay") was an integral part of the Portuguese name.[29]
History[link]
Main articles: History of Mumbai and Timeline of Mumbai history
Early history[link]
Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands: Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba).[30] It is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited. Pleistocene sediments found along the coastal areas around Kandivali in northern Mumbai by archaeologist Todd in 1939 suggest that the islands were inhabited since the Stone Age.[31] Perhaps at the beginning of the Common era (2000 years ago), or possibly earlier, they came to be occupied by the Koli fishing community.[32]
In the third century BCE, the islands formed part of the Maurya Empire, during its expansion in the south, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha.[33] The Kanheri Caves in Borivali were excavated in the mid-third century BCE,[34] and served as an important centre of Buddhism in Western India during ancient Times.[35] The city then was known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150 CE.[36]
Between the second century BCE and ninth century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: Satavahanas, Western Kshatrapas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas,[37] before being ruled by the Silhara dynasty from 810 to 1260.[38] Some of the oldest edifices in the city built during this period are, Jogeshwari Caves (between 520 to 525),[39] Elephanta Caves (between the sixth to seventh century),[40] Walkeshwar Temple (10th century),[41] and Banganga Tank (12th century).[42]
King Bhimdev founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century, and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day Mahim).[43] The Pathare Prabhus, one of the earliest known settlers of the city, were brought to Mahikawati from Saurashtra in Gujarat around 1298 by Bhimdev.[44] The Delhi Sultanate annexed the islands in 1347–48, and controlled it till 1407. During this time, the islands were administered by the Muslim Governors of Gujarat, who were appointed by the Delhi Sultanate.[45][46]
The islands were later governed by the independent Gujarat Sultanate, which was established in 1407. The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Worli, built in honour of the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431.[47] From 1429 to 1431, the islands were a source of contention between the Gujarat Sultanate and the Bahamani Sultanate of Deccan.[48][49] In 1493, Bahadur Khan Gilani of the Bahamani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands, but was defeated.[50]
European rule[link]
The Mughal Empire, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent during the mid-16th century.[51] Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of the Gujarat Sultanate was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the seven islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of Bassein and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535.[52] The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay.[53]
Some of the oldest Catholic churches in the city such as the St. Michael's Church at Mahim (1534),[54] St. John the Baptist Church at Andheri (1579),[55] St. Andrew's Church at Bandra (1580),[56] and Gloria Church at Byculla (1632),[57] date from the Portuguese era. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the British Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles.[58] However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. From 1665 to 1666, the British managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala.[59]
These islands were in turn leased to the British East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum by the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668.[60] The population quickly rose from 10,000 in 1661, to 60,000 in 1675.[61] The islands were subsequently attacked by Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, in October 1672,[62] Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India on 20 February 1673,[63] and Siddi admiral Sambal on 10 October 1673.[62]
In 1687, the British East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. The city eventually became the headquarters of the Bombay Presidency.[64] Following the transfer, Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India.[65] Towards the end of the 17th century, the islands again suffered incursions from Yakut Khan in 1689–90.[66] The Portuguese presence ended in Bombay when the Marathas under Peshwa Baji Rao I captured Salsette in 1737, and Bassein in 1739.[67]
By the middle of the 18th century, Bombay began to grow into a major trading town, and received a huge influx of migrants from across India.[68] Later, the British occupied Salsette on 28 December 1774. With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War.[69] The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the Treaty of Purandar (1776),[70] and later through the Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War.[71]
From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed at merging all the seven islands into a single amalgamated mass. This project, known as Hornby Vellard, was completed by 1784.[7] In 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Baji Rao II, the last of the Maratha Peshwa in the Battle of Khadki.[72] Following his defeat, almost the whole of the Deccan came under British suzerainty, and were incorporated in Bombay Presidency. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers.[73]
By 1845, the seven islands were coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard project via large scale land reclamation.[8][74] On 16 April 1853, India's first passenger railway line was established, connecting Bombay to the neighbouring town of Thane.[75] During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy that subsequently enhanced the city's stature.[76]
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea.[77] In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week.[78] About 850,000 people fled Bombay and the textile industry was adversely affected.[79] As the capital of the Bombay Presidency, it witnessed the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement in 1942 and The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946 being its most notable events.[80][81]
Independent India[link]
After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State.[82] On April 1950, Municipal limits of Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban District and Bombay City to form Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation.[83]
The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. In the Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.[84] The States Reorganisation Committee recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra–Gujarat with Bombay as its capital in its 1955 report. Bombay Citizens' Committee, an advocacy group of leading Gujarati industrialists lobbied for Bombay's independent status.[85]
Following protests during the movement in which 105 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960.[86] Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat.[87] Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them.[88] As a memorial to the martyrs of the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Flora Fountain was renamed as Hutatma Chowk (Martyr's Square), and a memorial was erected.[89]
The following decades saw massive expansion of the city and its suburbs. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed.[90] The Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) was set up on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Bombay metropolitan region.[91] In August 1979, a sister township of New Bombay was founded by City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across Thane and Raigad districts to help the dispersal and control of Bombay's population. Textile industry in Bombay largely disappeared after the massive 1982 Great Bombay Textile Strike, in which nearly 250,000 workers in more than 50 textile mills went on strike.[92] Mumbai's defunct cotton mills have since become the focus of intense redevelopment.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which currently handles 55–60% of India's containerised cargo, was commissioned on 26 May 1989 at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city.[93] The geographical limits of Greater Bombay were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Bombay. On 1 October 1990, the Greater Bombay district was bifurcated to form two revenue districts namely, Bombay City and Bombay Suburban, though they were administered by same Municipal Administration.[94]
The past two decades have seen an increase in violence in the hitherto largely peaceful city. Following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, the city was rocked by the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1992–93 in which more than 1,000 people were killed. On 12 March 1993, a series of 13 co-ordinated bombings at several city landmarks by Islamic extremists and the Bombay underworld resulted in 257 deaths and over 700 injuries.[95] In 2006, 209 people were killed and over 700 injured when seven bombs exploded on the city's commuter trains.[96] In 2008, a series of ten coordinated attacks by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to a couple of heritage landmarks and prestigious hotels.[97] The blasts that occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and Dadar on 13th July 2011 were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai.[98]
Today, Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved into a global financial hub.[99] For several decades it has been the home of India's main financial services, and a focus for both infrastructure development and private investment.[100] From being an ancient fishing community and a colonial centre of trade, Mumbai has become South Asia's largest city and home of the world's most prolific film industry.[101]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Mumbai
Mumbai consists of two distinct regions: Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district, which form two separate revenue districts of Maharashtra.[102] The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or South Mumbai.[11] The total area of Mumbai is 603.4 km2 (233 sq mi).[103] Of this, the island city spans 67.79 km2 (26 sq mi), while the suburban district spans 370 km2 (143 sq mi), together accounting for 437.71 km2 (169 sq mi) under the administration of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). The remaining area belongs to Defence, Mumbai Port Trust, Atomic Energy Commission and Borivali National Park, which are out of the jurisdiction of the BMC.[104]
Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. It sits on Salsette Island, partially shared with the Thane district.[105] Mumbai is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west.[106] Many parts of the city lie just above sea level, with elevations ranging from 10 m (33 ft) to 15 m (49 ft);[107] the city has an average elevation of 14 m (46 ft).[108] Northern Mumbai (Salsette) is hilly,[109] and the highest point in the city is 450 m (1,476 ft) at Salsette in the Powai-Kanheri ranges.[110] Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali National Park) is located partly in the Mumbai suburban district, and partly in the Thane district, and it extends over an area of 103.09 km2 (39.80 sq mi).[111]
Apart from the Bhatsa Dam, there are six major lakes that supply water to the city: Vihar, Lower Vaitarna, Upper Vaitarna, Tulsi, Tansa and Powai. Tulsi Lake and Vihar Lake are located in Borivili National Park, within the city's limits. The supply from Powai lake, also within the city limits, is used only for agricultural and industrial purposes.[112] Three small rivers, the Dahisar River, Poinsar (or Poisar) and Ohiwara (or Oshiwara) originate within the park, while the polluted Mithi River originates from Tulsi Lake and gathers water overflowing from Vihar and Powai Lakes.[113] The coastline of the city is indented with numerous creeks and bays, stretching from Thane creek on the eastern to Madh Marve on the western front.[114] The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large mangrove swamps, rich in biodiversity, while the western coast is mostly sandy and rocky.[115]
Soil cover in the city region is predominantly sandy due to its proximity to the sea. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy.[116] The underlying rock of the region is composed of black Deccan basalt flows, and their acidic and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras.[117] Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone owing to the presence of 23 fault lines in the vicinity.[118] The area is classified as a Seismic Zone III region,[119] which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter-scale may be expected.[120]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Mumbai
Mumbai has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate under the Köppen climate classification, with seven months of dryness and peak of rains in July.[121] The cooler season from December to February is followed by the summer season from March to June. The period from June to about the end of September constitutes the south-west monsoon season, and October and November form the post-monsoon season.[122]
Between June and September, the south west monsoon rains lash the city. Pre-monsoon showers are received in May. Occasionally, north-east monsoon showers occur in October and November. The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,452 mm (136 in) for 1954.[123] The highest rainfall recorded in a single day was 944 mm (37 in) on 26 July 2005.[124] The average total annual rainfall is 2,146.6 mm (85 in) for the Island City, and 2,457 mm (97 in) for the suburbs.[123]
The average annual temperature is 27.2 °C (81 °F), and the average annual precipitation is 2,167 mm (85 in).[125] In the Island City, the average maximum temperature is 31.2 °C (88 °F), while the average minimum temperature is 23.7 °C (75 °F). In the suburbs, the daily mean maximum temperature range from 29.1 °C (84 °F) to 33.3 °C (92 °F), while the daily mean minimum temperature ranges from 16.3 °C (61 °F) to 26.2 °C (79 °F).[123] The record high is 40.2 °C (104 °F) on 28 March 1982,[126] and the record low is 7.4 °C (45 °F) on 27 January 1962.[127]
| Climate data for Mumbai | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.6 (87.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.7 (90.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
33.3 (91.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 0.6 (0.024) |
1.5 (0.059) |
0.1 (0.004) |
0.6 (0.024) |
13.2 (0.52) |
574.1 (22.602) |
868.3 (34.185) |
553.0 (21.772) |
306.4 (12.063) |
62.9 (2.476) |
14.9 (0.587) |
5.6 (0.22) |
2,401.2 (94.535) |
| Avg. rainy days | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 14.9 | 24.0 | 22.0 | 13.7 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 80.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 269.7 | 259.9 | 272.8 | 285.0 | 297.6 | 150.0 | 74.4 | 74.4 | 165.0 | 238.7 | 246.0 | 254.2 | 2,587.7 |
| Source no. 1: IMD - Period 1951-1980 [128] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: HKO (sun only, 1971–1990) [129] | |||||||||||||
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Mumbai
Mumbai is India's largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP.[11][99][130] It serves as an economic hub of India, contributing 10% of factory employment, 25% of industrial output, 33% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and 
4,000 crore (US$798 million) in corporate taxes.[131]
As of 2008, Mumbai's GDP is 919,600 crore (US$183.46 billion),[132] and its per-capita income in 2009 was 486,000 (US$9,695.7),[6][133] which is almost three times the national average.[74] Many of India's numerous conglomerates (including Larsen and Toubro, State Bank of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, Tata Group, Godrej and Reliance),[99] and five of the Fortune Global 500 companies are based in Mumbai.[134] Many foreign banks and financial institutions also have branches in this area,[99] with the World Trade Centre being the most prominent one.[135]
Until the 1970s, Mumbai owed its prosperity largely to textile mills and the seaport, but the local economy has since been diversified to include engineering, diamond-polishing, healthcare and information technology.[136] As of 2008, the Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) has ranked Mumbai as an "Alpha world city", third in its categories of Global cities.[137] Mumbai is the 3rd most expensive office market in the world. Mumbai was ranked among the fastest cities in the country for business startup in 2009.[138]
State and central government employees make up a large percentage of the city's workforce. Mumbai also has a large unskilled and semi-skilled self employed population, who primarily earn their livelihood as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other such blue collar professions. The port and shipping industry is well established, with Mumbai Port being one of the oldest and most significant ports in India.[139] In Dharavi, in central Mumbai, there is an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of the city; the district has an estimated 15,000 single-room factories.[140]
Most of India's major television and satellite networks, as well as its major publishing houses, are headquartered in Mumbai. The centre of the Hindi movie industry, Bollywood, is the largest film producer in India and one of the largest in the world as well as centre of Marathi Film Industry.[141][142] Along with the rest of India, Mumbai, its commercial capital, has witnessed an economic boom since the liberalisation of 1991, the finance boom in the mid-nineties and the IT, export, services and outsourcing boom in 2000s.[143]
Mumbai has been ranked 48th on the Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index 2008.[144] In April 2008, Mumbai was ranked seventh in the list of "Top Ten Cities for Billionaires" by Forbes magazine,[145] and first in terms of those billionaires' average wealth.[146]
Civic administration[link]
Mumbai, extending from Colaba in the south, to Mulund and Dahisar in the north, and Mankhurd in the east, is administered by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).[106] The BMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis.[147] The Mayor is usually chosen through indirect election by the councillors from among themselves for a term of two and half years.
The Municipal Commissioner is the chief Executive Officer and head of the executive arm of the Municipal Corporation. All executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner who is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the state government. Although the Municipal Corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the Commissioner who is responsible for the execution of the policies. The Commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by state statute. The powers of the Commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the Corporation or the Standing Committee.[148]
The two revenue districts of Mumbai come under the jurisdiction of a District Collector. The Collectors are in charge of property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city.
The Mumbai Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The Mumbai Police comes under the state Home Ministry.[149] The city is divided into seven police zones and seventeen traffic police zones,[104] each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police.[150] The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police. The Mumbai Fire Brigade department is headed by the Chief Fire Officer, who is assisted by four Deputy Chief Fire Officers and six Divisional Officers.[104]
Mumbai is the seat of the Bombay High Court, which exercises jurisdiction over the states of Maharashtra and Goa, and the Union Territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.[151] Mumbai also has two lower courts, the Small Causes Court for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. Mumbai also has a special TADA (Terrorist and Disruptive Activities) court for people accused of conspiring and abetting acts of terrorism in the city.[152]
Politics[link]
Mumbai has been a traditional stronghold and birthplace of the Indian National Congress, also known as the Congress Party.[153] The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from 28–31 December 1885.[154] The city played host to the Indian National Congress six times during its first 50 years, and became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the 20th century.[155]
The 1960s saw the rise of regionalist politics in Bombay, with the formation of the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966, out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalisation of the native Marathi people in Bombay.[156] The party headed a campaign to expel South Indian and North Indian migrants by force.[157] The Congress had dominated the politics of Bombay from independence until the early 1980s, when the Shiv Sena won the 1985 Bombay municipal corporation elections.[158]
In 1989, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a major national political party, forged an electoral alliance with the Shiv Sena to dislodge the Congress in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections. In 1999, the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) separated from the Congress, but later allied with the Congress, to form a joint venture known as the Democratic Front.[159] Currently, other parties such as Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS), Samajwadi Party (SP), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), and several independent candidates also contest elections in the city.[160]
In the Indian national elections held every five years, Mumbai is represented by six parliamentary constituencies: Mumbai North, Mumbai North West, Mumbai North East, Mumbai North Central, Mumbai South Central, and Mumbai South.[161] A Member of Parliament (MP) to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, is elected from each of the parliamentary constituencies. In the 2009 national elections, out of the six parliamentary constituencies, five were won by the Congress, and one by the NCP.[162] In the Maharashtra state assembly elections held every five years, Mumbai is represented by 36 assembly constituencies.[163][164]
A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) to the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) is elected from each of the assembly constituencies. In the 2009 state assembly elections, out of the 36 assembly constituencies, 17 were won by the Congress, 6 by the MNS, 5 by the BJP, 4 by the Shiv Sena, 3 by the NCP and 1 by SP.[165] Elections are also held every five years to elect corporators to power in the BMC.[166]
The Corporation comprises 227 directly elected Councillors representing the 24 municipal wards, five nominated Councillors having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration, and a Mayor whose role is mostly ceremonial.[167][168][169] In the 2007 municipal corporation elections, out of the 227 seats, the Shiv Sena-BJP alliance secured 111 seats, holding power in the BMC, while the Congress-NCP alliance bagged 85 seats.[170] The tenure of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, and Municipal Commissioner is two and a half years.[171]
Transport[link]
Main article: Public transport in Mumbai
Mumbai Suburban Railway system carries more than 6.99 million commuters on a daily basis. It has the highest passenger densities of any urban railway system in the world.
A BESTStarbus. BEST buses carry a total of 4.5 million passengers daily.
The black and yellow Premier Padmini Taxis are iconic of Mumbai.
Tonga seen at night in the Marine drive road
The Bandra-Worli Sea Link is a cable-stayed bridge that connects central Mumbai with its western suburbs
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus, is the headquarters of the Central Railway and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is currently India's busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic.[172]
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust is the busiest port in India
Public transport[link]
Public transport systems in Mumbai include the Mumbai Suburban Railway, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) buses, black-and-yellow metre taxis, auto rickshaws and ferries. Suburban railway and BEST bus services together accounted for about 88% of the passenger traffic in 2008.[173] Auto rickshaws are allowed to operate only in the suburban areas of Mumbai, while taxis are allowed to operate throughout Mumbai, but generally operate in South Mumbai.[174]
Taxis and rickshaws in Mumbai are required by law to run on compressed natural gas,[175] and are a convenient, economical, and easily available means of transport.[174] Mumbai had about 1.53 million vehicles in 2008,[176] 56,459 black and yellow taxis, and 102,224 auto rickshaws, as of 2005.[177]
Road[link]
Mumbai is served by National Highway 3, National Highway 4, National Highway 17, National Highway 222 and National Highway 8 of India's National Highways system.[178] The Mumbai-Pune Expressway was the first expressway built in India,[179] while the Mumbai Nashik Expressway, Mumbai-Vadodara Expressway,[180] Western Freeway and Eastern Freeway is under construction. The Bandra-Worli Sea Link bridge, along with Mahim Causeway, links the island city to the western suburbs.[181] The three major road arteries of the city are the Eastern Express Highway from Sion to Thane, the Sion Panvel Expressway from Sion to Panvel and the Western Express Highway from Bandra to Borivali.[182]
Mumbai's bus services carried over 5.5 million passengers per day in 2008.[173] Public buses run by BEST cover almost all parts of the metropolis, as well as parts of Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhayandar and Thane.[183] The BEST operates a total of 4,608 buses[184] with CCTV Camera installed, ferrying 4.5 million passengers daily[173] over 390 routes. Its fleet consists of single-decker, double-decker, vestibule, low-floor, disabled-friendly, air-conditioned and Euro III compliant diesel and Compressed Natural Gas powered buses.[185] Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) buses provide intercity transport and connect Mumbai with other major cities of Maharashtra and India.[186][187] Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) also operates its Volvo buses in Mumbai, from Navi Mumbai to Bandra, Dindoshi and Borivali.[188]
Buses are generally favoured for commuting short to medium distances, while train fares are more economical for longer distance commutes.[189]
The Mumbai Darshan is a tourist bus service which explores numerous tourist attractions in Mumbai.[190] Mumbai BRTS (Bus Rapid Transit System) lanes have been planned throughout Mumbai, with buses running on seven routes as of March 2009.[191] Though 88% of the city's commuters travel by public transport, Mumbai still continues to struggle with traffic congestion.[192] Mumbai's transport system has been categorised as one of the most congested in the world.[193]
- Mumbai Skywalks
Because of congestion on roads due to hawkers and parked vehicles, MMRDA has initiated the Mumbai Skywalks project to provide quick and safe pedestrian dispersal from highly congested areas such as Mumbai Suburban Railway stations to heavily targeted destinations.[194]
Rail[link]
Mumbai is the headquarters of two of Indian Railways' zones: the Central Railway (CR) headquartered at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus), and the Western Railway (WR) headquartered at Churchgate.[195]
Mumbai is also well connected to most parts of India by the Indian Railways. Long-distance trains originate from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Dadar Station, Lokmanya Tilak Terminus, Mumbai Central Station, Bandra Terminus, Andheri and Borivali.[196]
Suburban rail[link]
Main article: Mumbai Suburban Railway
The backbone of the city's transport, the Mumbai Suburban Railway,popularly known as Locals, consists of three separate rail networks: Central, Western, and Harbour Line, running the length of the city, in the north-south direction.[197]
Mumbai's suburban rail systems carried a total of 6.3 million passengers every day in 2007,[198] which is more than half of the Indian Railways daily carrying capacity. Trains are overcrowded during peak hours, with nine-car trains of rated capacity 1,700 passengers, actually carrying around 4,500 passengers at peak hours.[199] The Mumbai rail network is spread at an expanse of 319 route kilometres. 191 rakes(ratin-sets) of 9 car and 12 car composition are utilised to run a total of 2226 train services.[200]
Metro[link]
Main article: Mumbai Metro
Mumbai Metro is an underground and elevated rapid transit system currently under construction.[201]
Monorail[link]
Main article: Mumbai Monorail
The Mumbai Monorail, currently under construction, will eventually run from Jacob Circle to Wadala.[202]
Air[link]
The Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic.[172] CSIA handled traffic of 29.1 million passengers and around 670,2 35 tonnes of cargo in the FY 2010-2011.[203] An upgrade plan was initiated in 2006, targeted at increasing the capacity of the airport to handle up to 40 million passengers annually. .[204]
The proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport to be built in the Kopra-Panvel area has been sanctioned by the Indian Government and will help relieve the increasing traffic burden on the existing airport.[205]
The Juhu Aerodrome was India's first airport, and now hosts a flying club and a heliport.[206]
Sea[link]
Mumbai is served by two major ports, Mumbai Port Trust and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, which lies just across the creek in Navi Mumbai.[207] Mumbai Port has one of the best natural harbours in the world, and has extensive wet and dry dock accommodation facilities.[208] Jawaharlal Nehru Port, commissioned on 26 May 1989, is the busiest and most modern major port in India.[209] It handles 55–60% of the country's total containerised cargo.[210]
Mumbai is the headquarters of the Western Naval Command, and also an important base for the Indian Navy.[106]
Ferries from Ferry Wharf in Mazagaon allow access to islands near the city.[211]
Utility services[link]
See also: Mumbai's water sources
Under colonial rule, tanks were the only source of water in Mumbai. Many localities have been named after them. The BMC supplies potable water to the city from six lakes,[212][213] most of which comes from the Tulsi and Vihar lakes. The Tansa lake supplies water to the western suburbs and parts of the island city along the Western Railway.[214] The water is filtered at Bhandup,[214] which is Asia's largest water filtration plant.[215] India's first underground water tunnel is being built in Mumbai.[216]
About 700 million litres of water, out of a daily supply of 3500 million litres, is lost by way of water thefts, illegal connections and leakages, per day in Mumbai.[217] Almost all of Mumbai's daily refuse of 7,800 metric tonnes, of which 40 metric tonnes is plastic waste,[218] is transported to dumping grounds in Gorai in the northwest, Mulund in the northeast, and to the Deonar dumping ground in the east.[219] Sewage treatment is carried out at Worli and Bandra, and disposed off by two independent marine outfalls of 3.4 km (2.11 mi) and 3.7 km (2.30 mi) at Bandra and Worli respectively.[220]
Electricity is distributed by Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) in the island city, and by Reliance Energy, Tata Power, and Mahavitaran (Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd) in the suburbs.[221] Consumption of electricity is growing faster than production capacity.[222] The largest telephone service provider is the state-owned MTNL, which held a monopoly over fixed line and cellular services up until 2000, and provides fixed line as well as mobile WLL services.[223]
Cell phone coverage is extensive, and the main service providers are Vodafone Essar, Airtel, MTNL, Loop Mobile, Reliance Communications, Idea Cellular and Tata Indicom. Both GSM and CDMA services are available in the city.[224] Many of the above service providers also provide broadband internet and wireless internet access in Mumbai. Mumbai has highest number of internet users in India with 14.3 million users.[225]
Demographics[link]
See also: Growth of Mumbai and Mumbai statistics
| Population growth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1971 | 5,970,575 |
|
|
| 1981 | 8,243,405 | 38.1% | |
| 1991 | 9,925,891 | 20.4% | |
| 2001 | 11,914,398 | 20.0% | |
| 2011 | 12,478,447 | 4.7% | |
|
Data is based on Government of India Census. |
|||
According to the 2011 census, the population of Mumbai was 12,479,608. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 persons per square kilometre. As Per 2011 census, Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the BMC, has a literacy rate of 94.7 %, higher than the national average of 86.7%.
The sex ratio was 838 (females per 1,000 males) in the island city, 857 in the suburbs, and 848 as a whole in Greater Mumbai, all numbers lower than the national average of 914 females per 1,000 males. The low sex ratio is partly because of the large number of male migrants who come to the city to work.[227]
Residents of Mumbai call themselves Mumbaikar, Mumbaiite or Bombayite. Mumbai has a large polyglot population like any other metropolitan city of India. Marathi, the official language of Maharashtra state, of which Mumbai is the capital, is widely spoken and understood in the city. Sixteen major languages of India are also spoken in Mumbai, most common being Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and English.[228] English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the city's white collar workforce. A colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya – a blend of Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu, Indian English and some invented words – is spoken on the streets.[229]
Mumbai suffers from the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast growing cities in developing countries: widespread poverty and unemployment, poor public health and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population. With available space at a premium, Mumbai residents often reside in cramped, relatively expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, and therefore requiring long commutes on crowded mass transit, or clogged roadways. Many of them live in close proximity to bus or train stations although suburban residents spend significant time travelling southward to the main commercial district.[230] Dharavi, Asia's second largest slum[231] is located in central Mumbai and houses 800,000 people.[232] With a literacy rate of 69%, the slums in Mumbai are the most literate in India.[233]
The number of migrants to Mumbai from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 1.12 million, which amounted to 54.8% of the net addition to the population of Mumbai.[234]
Others include Jains, Sikhs & Parsis
| Religion in Mumbai[235] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Hinduism |
|
67.39% | ||
| Islam |
|
18.56% | ||
| Buddhism |
|
5.22% | ||
| Christianity |
|
4.2% | ||
| Others |
|
4.63% | ||
The religions represented in Mumbai include Hindus (67.39%), Muslims (18.56%), Buddhists (5.22%), Jains (3.99%), Christians (4.2%),[236] Sikhs (0.58%), with Parsis and Jews making up the rest of the population.[237] The linguistic/ethnic demographics are: Maharashtrians (42%), Gujaratis (19%), with the rest hailing from other parts of India.[238] The oldest Muslim communities in Mumbai include the Dawoodi Bohras, Ismaili Khojas, and Konkani Muslims.[239] Native Christians include East Indians (ethnic group) Catholics who were converted by the Portuguese, during the 16th century.[240] The city also has a small native Bene Israeli Jewish community, who migrated from the Persian Gulf or Yemen, probably 1600 years ago.[241] Mumbai is also home to the largest population of Parsi Zoroastrians in the world, with about 80,000 Parsis in Mumbai. Parsis migrated to India from Pars (Persia/Iran) following the Islamic conquest of Iran in the 7th century AD.[242]
Culture[link]
Main article: Mumbai culture
Mumbai's culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, music and theatres. The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment and night life, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other world capitals. Mumbai's history as a major trading centre has led to a diverse range of cultures, religions and cuisines coexisting in the city. This unique blend of cultures is due to the migration of people from all over India since the British period.
Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema[243]—Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies—and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century.[244] Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. The Mumbai International Film Festival[245] and the award ceremony of the Filmfare Awards, the oldest and prominent film awards given for Hindi film industry in India, are held in Mumbai.[246] Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English and other regional languages.[247][248]
Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. The government-funded institutions include the Jehangir Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Modern Art. Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Bombay is one of the oldest public libraries in the city.[249] The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in South Mumbai which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history.[250]
Mumbai has a zoo named Jijamata Udyaan (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbours a garden. The rich literary traditions of the city have been highlighted internationally by Booker Prize winners Salman Rushdie, Aravind Adiga. Marathi literature has been modernised in the works of Mumbai based authors such as Mohan Apte, Anant Kanekar, and Gangadhar Gadgil, and is promoted through an annual Sahitya Akademi Award, a literary honour bestowed by India's National Academy of Letters.[251]
The architecture of the city is a blend of Gothic Revival, Indo-Saracenic, Art Deco, and other contemporary styles. Most of the buildings during the British period, such as the Victoria Terminus and Bombay University, were built in Gothic Revival style.[252] Their architectural features include a variety of European influences such as German gables, Dutch roofs, Swiss timbering, Romance arches, Tudor casements, and traditional Indian features.[253] There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings such as the Gateway of India.[254] Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan. Mumbai has the second largest number of Art Deco buildings in the world after Miami. In the newer suburbs, modern buildings dominate the landscape. Mumbai has by far the largest number of skyscrapers in India, with 956 existing buildings and 272 under construction as of 2009.
The Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC), established in 1995, formulates special regulations and by-laws to assist in the conservation of the city's heritage structures. Mumbai has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Elephanta Caves.[255] Popular tourist attractions in the city are Nariman Point, Girgaum Chowpatti, Juhu Beach, and Marine Drive. Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach,[256] and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom.[257]
Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navratri, Good Friday, Dussera, Moharram, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja and Maha Shivratri are some of the popular festivals in the city. The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theatre, and films.[258] A week long annual fair known as Bandra Fair, starting on the following Sunday after 8 September, is celebrated by people of all faiths, to commemorate the Nativity of Mary, mother of Jesus, on 8 September.[259]
The Banganga Festival is a two-day music festival, held annually in the month of January, which is organised by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) at the historic Banganga Tank in Mumbai.[260] The Elephanta Festival—celebrated every February on the Elephanta Islands—is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music and attracts performers from across the country.[261] Public holidays specific to the city and the state include Maharashtra Day on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960,[262][263] and Gudi Padwa which is the New Year's Day for Marathi people.
Media[link]
Mumbai has numerous newspaper publications, television and radio stations. Marathi dailies enjoy the maximum readership share in the city and the top Marathi language newspapers are Maharashtra Times, Navakaal, Lokmat, Loksatta, Mumbai Chaufer, Saamana and Sakaal.[264] Popular Marathi language magazines are Saptahik Sakaal, Grihashobhika, Lokrajya, Lokprabha & Chitralekha.[265] Popular English language newspapers published and sold in Mumbai include the Times of India, Mid-day, Hindustan Times, DNA, and Indian Express. Newspapers are also printed in other Indian languages.[266] Mumbai is home to Asia's oldest newspaper, Bombay Samachar, which has been published in Gujarati since 1822.[267] Bombay Durpan, the first Marathi newspaper, was started by Balshastri Jambhekar in Mumbai in 1832.
Numerous Indian and international television channels can be watched in Mumbai through one of the Pay TV companies or the local cable television provider. The metropolis is also the hub of many international media corporations, with many news channels and print publications having a major presence. The national television broadcaster, Doordarshan, provides two free terrestrial channels, while three main cable networks serve most households.[268]
The wide range of cable channels available includes Zee Marathi, Zee Talkies, ETV Marathi, Star Pravah, Mi Marathi, DD Sahyadri (All Marathi channels), news channels such as Star Majha, Lokmat IBN, Zee 24 Taas, sports channels like ESPN, Star Sports, National entertainment channels like Colors, Sony Zee TV and STAR Plus. News channels entirely dedicated to Mumbai include Sahara Samay Mumbai. Zing a popular Bollywood gossip channel is also based out of Mumbai.Satellite television (DTH) has yet to gain mass acceptance, due to high installation costs.[269] Prominent DTH entertainment services in Mumbai include Dish TV and Tata Sky.[270]
There are twelve radio stations in Mumbai, with nine broadcasting on the FM band, and three All India Radio stations broadcasting on the AM band.[271] Mumbai also has access to Commercial radio providers such as WorldSpace, Sirius and XM. The Conditional Access System (CAS) started by the Union Government in 2006 met a poor response in Mumbai due to competition from its sister technology Direct-to-Home (DTH) transmission service.[272]
Bollywood, the Hindi film industry based in Mumbai, produces around 150–200 films every year.[273] The name Bollywood is a portmanteau of Bombay and Hollywood.[274] The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood's popularity overseas. This led filmmaking to new heights in terms of quality, cinematography and innovative story lines as well as technical advances such as special effects and animation.[275] Studios in Goregaon, including Film City, are the location for most movie sets.[276] The city also hosts the Marathi film industry which has seen increased popularity in recent years, and TV production companies such as Brahma Vision.[277]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Mumbai
Schools in Mumbai are either "municipal schools" (run by the BMC) or private schools (run by trusts or individuals), which in some cases receive financial aid from the government.[278] The schools are affiliated either with the Maharashtra State Board (MSBSHSE), The all-India Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) boards.[279] Marathi or English is the usual language of instruction.[280] The government run public schools lack many facilities, but are the only option for poorer residents who cannot afford the more expensive private schools.[281]
Under the 10+2+3/4 plan, students complete ten years of schooling and then enroll for two years in junior college, where they select one of three streams: arts, commerce, or science.[282] This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study, or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering and medicine.[283] Most colleges in the city are affiliated with the University of Mumbai, one of the largest universities in the world in terms of the number of graduates.[284]
The Indian Institute of Technology (Bombay),[285] Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI),[286] University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT)[287] which are India's premier engineering and technology schools, and SNDT Women's University are the other autonomous universities in Mumbai.[288] Grant Medical College established in 1845 and Seth G.S. Medical College are the leading medical institutes affiliated with Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals and KEM Hospital respectively. Mumbai is also home to National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), S P Jain Institute of Management and Research and several other management schools.[289] Government Law College and Sydenham College, respectively the oldest law and commerce colleges in India, are based in Mumbai.[290][291] The Sir J. J. School of Art is Mumbai's oldest art institution.[292]
Mumbai is home to two prominent research institutions: the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), and the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).[293] The BARC operates CIRUS, a 40 MW nuclear research reactor at their facility in Trombay.[294]
In 2010, Online Trading Academy, a widely awarded professional trader education company based in the US, opened its Indian center. Online Trading Academy will provide trading and investing education to customers in India.[295]
Sports[link]
Cricket is the most popular sport in the city. Due to a shortage of grounds, various modified versions (generally referred to as gully cricket) are played everywhere. Mumbai is also home to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)[296] and Indian Premier League (IPL).[297] The Mumbai cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy and has won 39 titles, the most by any team.[298] The city is also represented by the Mumbai Indians and the Pune Warriors in the Indian Premier League.
The city has two international cricket grounds, the Wankhede Stadium and the Brabourne Stadium. The first cricket test match in India was played in Mumbai at Bombay Gymkhana.[299] The biggest cricketing event to be staged in the city so far is the final of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup which was played at the Wankhede Stadium. Mumbai and London are the only two cities to have hosted both a World Cup final and the final of an ICC Champions Trophy which was played at the Brabourne Stadium in 2006.[300] Eminent cricketers from Mumbai include Sachin Tendulkar[301] and Sunil Gavaskar.
Football is another popular sport in the city, with the FIFA World Cup and the English Premier League being followed widely.[302] In the I-League (matches in the city are played at the Cooperage Ground), Mumbai is represented by three teams, Mumbai FC,[303] Mahindra United[304] and Air-India.[305] Field hockey has declined in popularity, due to the rise of cricket. Mumbai is home to the Maratha Warriors, the only team from Maharashtra competing in the Premier Hockey League.[306] When the Elite Football League of India was introduced in August 2011, Mumbai was noted as one of eight cities to be awarded a team for the inaugural season. Named the Mumbai Gladiators, the team's first season will be played in Pune, and it will be Mumbai's first professional American football franchise.[307][308]
Every February, Mumbai holds derby races at the Mahalaxmi Racecourse. Mcdowell's Derby is also held in February at the Turf club in Mumbai.[309] Interest in Formula One racing has been rising in recent years,[310] and in 2008, the Force India F1 team car was unveiled in Mumbai.[311] The city is planning to build its own F1 track and various sites in the city were being chalked out, of which the authorities have planned to zero down on Marve-Malad or Panvel-Kalyan land. If approved, the track will be clubbed with a theme park and will spread over 400 to 500 acres (202 ha).[312] In March 2004, the Mumbai Grand Prix was part of the F1 powerboat world championship.[313] In 2004, the annual Mumbai Marathon was established in a bid to bring the sports discipline to the Indian public. Mumbai has also played host to the Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open, an International Series tournament of the ATP World Tour, in 2006 and 2007.[314]
Sister cities[link]
Mumbai has sister city agreements with the following cities:[147]
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above". censusindia. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ^ "Ranking of districts of Maharashtra by population size 2011". CensusIndia.gov.in. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/maharastra/stmt-1.xls. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above". Censusindia. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ^ "Population of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007 (thousands) 1950–2025 (India)". Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN). http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
- ^ "GAWC World Cities Ranking List". Diserio.com. http://www.diserio.com/gawc-world-cities.html. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ a b "India needs cities network for easy rural-urban shift – Economy and Politics". livemint.com. 3 August 2009. http://www.livemint.com/2009/08/03224002/India-needs-cities-network-for.html. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ a b Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001, p. 28
- ^ a b "Once Upon a Time in Bombay". Foreign Policy. 2011-06-24. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/24/once_upon_a_time_in_bombay. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ "Bombay: History of a City". British Library. http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://d20cb3d618ee8cb6c3a780df7c58030c. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
- ^ "Mumbai, a land of opportunities - Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 20 July 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-a-land-of-opportunities/articleshow/9292526.cms. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ^ a b c "Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project". Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA). http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090226031015/http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/projects_muip.htm. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
- ^ "10 worst oil spills that cost trillions in losses : Rediff.com Business". Business.rediff.com. http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/aug/11/slide-show-1-worst-oil-spills-in-the-world.htm. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ^ "Navi Mumbai International Airport" (JPG). City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO). http://img214.imageshack.us/img214/2299/dscn7619ql4.jpg. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
- ^ Chittar 1973, p. 6
- ^ Patel & Masselos 2003, p. 4
- ^ Mehta 2004, p. 130
- ^ Shirodkar 1998, p. 3
- ^ Shirodkar 1998, pp. 4–5
- ^ Yule & Burnell 1996, p. 102
- ^ a b Shirodkar 1998, p. 7
- ^ a b Yule & Burnell 1996, p. 103
- ^ Shirodkar 1998, p. 2
- ^ Yule & Burnell 1996, p. 104
- ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960, p. 6
- ^ Hansen 2001, p. 1
- ^ "Mumbai (Bombay) and Maharashtra". Fodor's. http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/india/mumbai-bombay-and-maharashtra/more.html. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
- ^ "Mumbai vs Bombay". Indian Express. 2009-10-11. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-vs-bombay/527660/0. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ^ "Fruit And Nut: Another 'Bombay' controversy brewing?". Indiatoday.intoday.in. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/65447/Cinema/Fruit+And+Nut:+Another+'Bombay'+controversy+brewing?.html. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
- ^ Machado 1984, pp. 265–266
- ^ Farooqui 2006, p. 1
- ^ Ghosh 1990, p. 25
- ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960, p. 5
- ^ David 1995, p. 5
- ^ "Kanheri Caves". Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_kanhericaves.asp. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ Kumari 1990, p. 37
- ^ David 1973, p. 8
- ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960, pp. 127–150
- ^ Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001, p. 79
- ^ "The Slum and the Sacred Cave". Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Columbia University). p. 5. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/eesj/gradpubs/GeneralMags/Patel_Archaeology_SlumandSacredCave_0607.pdf. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
- ^ "World Heritage Sites — Elephanta Caves". Archaeological Survey of India. http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_elephanta.asp. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
- ^ Dwivedi, Sharada (26 September 2007). "The Legends of Walkeshwar". Mumbai Newsline. Express Group. http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=101117. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ Agarwal, Lekha (2 June 2007). "What about Gateway of India, Banganga Tank?". Mumbai Newsline. Express Group. http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=239318. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001, p. 51
- ^ Maharashtra 2004, p. 1703
- ^ David 1973, p. 14
- ^ David 1995, p. 12
- ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 24
- ^ Misra 1982, p. 193
- ^ Misra 1982, p. 222
- ^ David 1973, p. 16
- ^ "Mughal Empire". Department of Social Sciences (University of California). http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Mughals/mughals.html. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
- ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960, p. 166
- ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960, p. 169
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External links[link]
This audio file was created from a revision of the "Mumbai" article dated 2006-03-12, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
Media related to Mumbai at Wikimedia Commons- Official site of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
- Official City Report
- Mumbai travel guide from Wikitravel
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Wiki Summary
Mumbai Central (Marathi: मुंबई सेंट्रल), previously known as Bombay Central, is a major intercity railway station in Mumbai and also a station on the Western Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. It was designed by the British architect Claude Batley. It serves as the terminal for several long distance trains operated by Western Railway. The station is located in south Mumbai and the area around the station is known by the same name. Trains depart from the station to various destinations in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Delhi. Mumbai Rajdhani, one of Indian Railways' most prestigious trains, departs for New Delhi.
The Bombay Baroda Central India Rail organization has extended its reach from Baroda to Pathankot via Delhi. The Colaba-Ballard Pier Railway Station proved insufficient in meeting the demands of a growing population which led the government to make plans for the construction of Bombay Central.
In addition to these, some passenger trains and holiday special trains also depart from Mumbai Central.
