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Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (, ), abbreviated A.P., is a state situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. The State has the second longest coastline among all the States in India. The official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu, while other languages spoken in Andhra Pradesh are Urdu, English, Tamil, and Hindi.
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh (, ) is a union territory of India, that serves as the capital of two states, Punjab and Haryana. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name was coined from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu Goddess Chandi, present in the city's vicinity. It is occasionally referred to as The City Beautiful. Chandigarh Capital Region (CCR) including Mohali, Panchkula and Zirakpur had a combined population of 1,165,111 (1.16 million) as per the 2001 census. Earlier the Chandigarh Capital region was also called 'Tricity' because of Panchkula and Mohali as adjacent cities but with mushrooming of other towns like Zirakpur, Kharar etc. with considerable population it is better called 'Chandigarh Capital Region'.
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Delhi
Delhi, known locally as Dilli (, , {{Lang-ur| '), and by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi''' (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory and with nearly 22.2 million residents in the National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad). The name Delhi is often also used to include some urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The NCT is a federally administered union territory.
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Goa
http://wn.com/Goa -
Gujarat
Gujarat (, , , ) is a state in India. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati speaking people of India. The state encompasses major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Lothal and Dholavira. Gujarat played an important role in the economic history of India throughout the history of India. It is home to major ports in India's ancient and modern history, leading it to become one of the main trade and commerce center of India. Lothal, one of the world's first ports, is located in Gujarat. Mohandas Gandhi, considered as India's "father of the nation", was a Gujarati who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British rule. Even today, Gujarat has one of the fastest growing economies in India.
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Haryana
Haryana (, , , ) is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab. The name Haryana means the Abode of God from Sanskrit Hari (the Hindu God Vishnu) and ayana (home), although it may also refer to the lush green landscape of the state (from Sanskrit harit meaning green).
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Jammu & Kashmir
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Jharkhand
http://wn.com/Jharkhand -
Karnataka
Karnataka (, pronounced ) is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
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Kerala
Kerala (Malayalam: , {{audio|Ml-Kerala.ogg|) is a state in India. It is located on the south-western region of the country. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act bringing together the areas where Malayalam was the dominant language.
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Madhya Pradesh
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Maharashtra
Maharashtra (Marathi: , ) is a state located in West India. The word Maharashtra comes from the words Maha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation, thus rendering the name Maharashtra (Great Nation). It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. It is the richest state in India, contributing to 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.2% of its GDP in year 2005-06.
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Mumbai
Mumbai (; , ', ), previously known as Bombay' (), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the second most populous city in the world, with a population of approximately 14 million. The official language of Mumbai is Marathi. But many other languages are also widely used, particularly the Mumbaiian Hindi''. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. As of 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South or Central Asia.
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New Delhi
http://wn.com/New_Delhi -
Northwood, London
Northwood is a suburb in northwest London, England and part of the London Borough of Hillingdon.
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Punjab, India
Punjab ( , ) (pronounced ) is a state in northwest India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Chandigarh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state capital is Chandigarh, which is administered separately as a Union Territory because it is also the capital of Haryana. Other major cities of Punjab include Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda, Rajpura Patiala and Jalandhar.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (, ) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the States of Puducherry, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
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Tamilnadu
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (, {{Lang-ur|), pronounced , "Northern Province"), often referred to as U.P., is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 190 million people,
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Uttarakhand
http://wn.com/Uttarakhand -
Uttaranchal
:For current state, see Uttarakhand.
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West Bengal
http://wn.com/West_Bengal
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Aishwarya Rai
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Ami Vashi
Ami Vashi is an Indian beauty queen and model. She won the Miss India World title in 2003. She represented India in the Miss World 2003 competition and was the fourth runner up.
http://wn.com/Ami_Vashi -
Amruta Patki
Amruta Patki is the Pond's Femina Miss India-Earth 2006. She represented India at the Miss Earth 2006 pageant. She was chosen as the Miss Earth Air 2006 (a title given to the first runner up in this competition). She finished second among 82 competing delegates from other countries. Miss Chile, Hil Yesenia Hernandez was the eventual winner of Miss Earth 2006.
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Celina Jaitley
http://wn.com/Celina_Jaitley -
Christabelle Howie
Christabelle Howie (also spelled Christobel Howie, born. May 18, 1969 in Chennai, India) was one of the finalists in Miss Universe 1991.
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Dia Mirza
Dia Mirza Handrich () nicknamed Dee and more popularly known as Dia Mirza, (born on December 9, 1981) is a Indian model and actress who appears in Bollywood films. She was second runner up at Femina Miss India, 2000 and was subsequently sent to Miss Asia Pacific, 2000, where she won. She completed the hat-trick of India winning international pageants in the year 2000 (Lara Dutta won the Miss Universe title and Priyanka Chopra won the Miss World title in the same year) when she won the Miss Asia Pacific title on 3 December 2000 in Manila, Philippines, also making her the first Indian contestant to win this title in 29 years.
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Diana Hayden
Diana Hayden (born 1 May 1973) is an Indian model, actor and former Miss World.
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Diya Mirza
http://wn.com/Diya_Mirza -
Dolly Minhas
Dolly Minhas is a popular Indian actress, model and Miss India winner in the year 1988. She has acted in Hindi and Kannada films.
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Ekta Chowdhary
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Esha Gupta
Esha Gupta is an upcoming Indian film actress. She is making her debut through the Bollywood film titled Hum Aap Aur Pyaar opposite actor Upen Patel. She won the Miss India International title in 2007. She represented her country in the Miss International 2007 contest.
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Fleur Ezekiel
Fleur Ezekiel was an Indian model who was crowned Miss India World 1959. She was Indian of Jewish ancestry, descending from a Bene Israel family. She has one younger brother, Noel Ezekiel. She was an Indian pioneer who brought India into the spotlight after becoming the first Indian to participate in the international pageant, Miss. World.
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Gauhar Khan
Gauhar Khan (born 23 August 1980 in Pune, Maharashtra) is an Indian model, VJ and actress, most known for her prominent role in Ranbir Kapoor starrer, (2009). She is the sister of television actress Nigaar Z Khan. In 2010, she joined the cast of the first-ever Bollywood musical, Zangoora: The Gypsy Prince at Kingdom of Dreams, Gurgaon, where she plays the female lead opposite Hussain Kuwajerwala, along with Kashmira Irani.
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Gayatri Joshi
Gayatri Joshi (, 1977 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) is a model turned Bollywood actress. Her first film was 2004's Swades.
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Gul Panag
Gul Panag (born 3 January 1979; Chandigarh, India) is a Bollywood actress, model, and former beauty queen who competed in the Miss Universe pageant. Her films include Dor, Manorama Six Feet Under, Hello, and Straight.
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Harshita Saxena
Harshita Saxena is the winner of Pantaloons Femina Miss India International 2009 title, after being crowned third runner-up at Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009 in Mumbai on April 5, 2009. She represented India at Miss International 2009 on November 28, 2009 in Chengdu, Sichuan, China and did not make it as a semifinalist. She was also previously crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India Earth 2008 in Mumbai on April 5, 2008, but surrendered her crown soon after because she breached her contract with Gladrags. She was replaced with Tanvi Vyas as the new Miss India Earth 2008. Harshita competed for the I AM She Miss India Universe 2010 title to be crowned on May 28, 2010 in Mumbai. Unfortunately, she did not place as a semifinalist..
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Indrani Rehman
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Juhi Chawla
Juhi Chawla (, born 13 November 1967) is an Indian actress, film producer and television presenter.
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Kalpana Iyer
Kalpana Iyer (born 1955?) is a former Miss India, Bollywood actress, well known as a famous vamp of the 80's and 90's. Having appeared in a number of films featuring dance sequences (item numbers), she has somewhat reduced in appearance with a brief hiatus in Indian Television. She is currently a restaurateur based in Dubai, UAE .
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Kanwal Toor
Kanwal Toor is a popular model, television anchor, and actress for Bollywood and television. She participated in the Femina Miss India in the year 2001 and later went on to represent her country in the Miss International 2001.
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Lara Dutta
Lara Dutta (; born 16 April 1978) is an Indian actress, UNFPA Goodwill Ambassador and former Miss Universe.
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Madhu Sapre
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Manasvi Mamgai
Manasvi Mamgai is a well known Indian model who was crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India World 2010 on April 30, 2010. She also won Miss Tourism International held in Malaysia on December 31, 2008 and Elite Model Look, India in 2006.. She is currently representing India at the Miss World 2010 competition which will be held on October 30, 2010 in Sanya, China.
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Manpreet Brar
Manpreet Brar won the Miss India crown in 1995. She was then first runner-up at the 1995 Miss Universe pageant, behind Miss USA Chelsi Smith. Brar modeled an ethnic wardrobe designed by Ritu Kumar and financed by The Times of India.
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Marc Robinson
Marc Robinson (born February 3, 1968) is an Indian actor and model.
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Meenakshi Seshadri
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Mehr Jessia
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Mihika Verma
Mihika Verma is a an actress from India. She won the Miss India International title in 2004. She represented her country in the Miss International 2004. She has acted in popular serials like Viruddh, and Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil and Kitani Mohabbat hai She is currently playing a role in the popular serial Baat Hamari Pakki Hai which airs on Sony Tv.
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Nafisa Ali
Nafisa Ali (born 18 January 1957) is an actor and social activist from India.
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Nafisa Joseph
Nafisa Joseph (28 March 1979 - 29 July 2004) was an Indian model and MTV video jockey. She was the winner of Miss India Universe 1997 and was a semi-finalist in the Miss Universe pageant.
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Namrata Shirodkar
Namrata Shirodkar (, born 22 January 1972 in Mumbai, India) is an Indian actress and model.
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Natasha Suri
Natasha Suri is an Indian beauty pageant winner from Mumbai, India. She won the title of Miss India World in 2006 and placed in the top 10 at the Miss World pageant.She also won the spot of being one of the three most beautiful women in the Asian continent that year. She placed 2nd in the "Best Body" round at Miss World and made it to the top five in the "Talent" round. She also bagged the 'Miss beautiful smile' and 'Miss Personality' subtitles in the Miss India contest. She won eight beauty contests like the Navy Queen, Miss Maharashtra, Get Gorgeous -1 etc. before winning the Miss India pageant.
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Neha Dhupia
http://wn.com/Neha_Dhupia -
Neha Kapur
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Nicole Faria
http://wn.com/Nicole_Faria -
Niharika Singh
Niharika Singh is a beauty pageant contestant from India who has made a name for herself as a model,she is also going to act in Himesh Reshammiya's film A New Love Iisshstory.
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Nikita Anand
Nikita Anand is an Indian model, actress and former beauty queen.
http://wn.com/Nikita_Anand -
Pamela Chaudry Singh
http://wn.com/Pamela_Chaudry_Singh -
Parvathy Omanakuttan
Parvathy Omanakuttan Nair is an upcoming Indian film actress who was crowned Miss India World in 2008 and later became first runner-up at the Miss World 2008 competition.
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Persis Khambatta
Persis Khambatta (2 October 1948, Mumbai – 18 August 1998, Mumbai) was an Indian model, actress, and author. She was best known for her role as Lieutenant Ilia in the 1979 feature film .
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Pooja Batra
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Pooja Chitgopekar
Pooja Chitgopekar, 21 is Miss Earth Air 2007 and represented India in the international Miss Earth 2007 beauty pageant on November 11. Miss Earth Air is Miss Earth's equivalent for first runner up.
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Pooja Chopra
Pooja Chopra (from Pune) is an Indian beauty pageant contestant who was crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India World 2009. Pantaloons Femina Miss India World 2009 is the title given to the best girl from the 25 finalists entering the pageant though all the top three are considered equal winners. She grew up with her mother and sister and represented India in the Miss World competition held on December 12, 2009.
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Prema Narayan
Prema Narayan (born 4 April 1955) is a Bollywood actress-dancer. She was the Miss India first runner-up in 1971 & represented India at Miss World 1971.
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Priya Gill
Priya Gill is an Indian actress. She has acted in Bollywood, Tollywood, Malayalam and in a Punjabi film. Priya Gill was born on December 9, 1977. She began her Bollywood career with the ABCL production Tere Mere Sapne (1996) along with Arshad Warsi and Chandrachur Singh. She was known more for her Indian appeal and simple girl-next-door looks. Her performance was applauded in the movie Sirf Tum which was one of the highest grossing films of the year 1999.
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Priyanka Chopra
Priyanka Chopra (; born 18 July 1982) is an Indian actress and former Miss World. Before starting her acting career, she worked as a model and gained fame after winning the Miss World title in 2000.
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Puja Gupta
Puja Gupta was the winner of Miss India Universe in 2007. She later went to Mexico to participate at Miss Universe 2007. Wearing a gunmetal gown with Mongol inspired beadwork designed by Hemant Trivedi, Puja reached the top ten finishing in 9th place.
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Rachita Kumar
Rachita Kumar (a.k.a Ruchita Kumar) now known as Nandini Thackersey was the winner of Miss India title in the year 1981. She later represented her country in the Miss Universe 1981.
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Radha Brahmbhatt
Radha Brahmbhatt is the winner of Miss India Britain 2008 title. She participated in the Femina Miss India beauty pageant in the year 2008. She later went on to represent India in the Miss International 2008 contest. Besides modelling, she enjoys working in the film industry.
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Reita Faria
Dr. Reita Faria Powell (born Bombay, date unknown) became the first Indian woman to win the Miss World title, in 1966. After winning the Miss Bombay crown earlier that year, she won the ''Eve's Weekly Miss India contest (not to be confused with the Femina'' Miss India competition, won that year by Yasmin Daji). She was the first Indian to win Miss World.
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Rekha Hande
'Rekha Hande was crowned the Miss India title in 1983. She was a brilliant contestant who outwitted others in the pageant. She also had won several titles such as Spring Queen, Pond's Queen, May Queen etc. She was also the Eve's Weekly First Runner-up.
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Reshmi Ghosh
Reshmi Ghosh is an Indian beauty queen and actress.
http://wn.com/Reshmi_Ghosh -
Sahila Chadha
Sahila Chadha is a former Miss India (1983) and actress.
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Sangeeta Bijlani
Sangeeta Bijlani (born 9 July 1960) is a small time Indian Bollywood actress and former model. Bijlani was the Miss India winner in 1980.
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Sayali Bhagat
Sayali Bhagat ( ; born 1 January 1984) is an Indian actress and former Miss India.
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Shamita Singha
Shamita Singha is a fashion model and beauty queen from India. She was crowned as Miss Earth India 2001. She competed in the first edition of the international Miss Earth 2001 beauty pageant produced by Carousel Productions, where she was one of the semifinalists.
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Shonali Nagrani
Shonali Nagrani is former Miss India International in 2003 and an Indian actress. She was one of the Top 5 Femina Miss India and first runner-up of Miss International 2003, which took place in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 2003.
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Shriya Kishore
Shriya Kishore is a model and an Indian beauty queen. She was crowned as Pantaloons Femina Miss India Earth 2009 in Mumbai on April 5, 2009. She became a semifinalist in the Miss Earth 2009.
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Shruti Sharma
Shruti Sharma is an Indian model, beauty pageant contestant and actress. She was the first runner up and winner of Miss India World title at the 2002 Femina Miss India pageant. She represented India at the 2002 Miss World pageant held at London and made it to the semi-finals. She was also an unplaced contestant in the 2001 Miss India pageant
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Shyla Lopez
Shyla Lopez is an Indian model from Bangalore. She is the winner of Femina Miss India World 1992 and Femina Miss Bangalore titles. She later represented India in Miss World 1992 contest, which was held in Sun City, South Africa on December 12, 1992. Shyla Lopez was born in Bangalore and completed her education there. She represented India in the Miss World 2007 contest, which was held in Sochi, Russia. She is presently married to a Russian national Vladislav Vershinin and has a son.
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Simran Kaur Mundi
Simran Kaur Mundi (, ) was crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India Universe 2008 in Mumbai on 5 April 2008. She then represented India at Miss Universe 2008, held in Diamond Bay Resort in Nha Trang, Vietnam on July 13, 2008.
http://wn.com/Simran_Kaur_Mundi -
Sindhura Gadde
Sindhura Gadde-Telugu (born 20 August 1984 in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India) was crowned Femina Miss India World in 2005. Since her crowning, she has made several public appearances such as the TANA Conference 2005 in Detroit, Michigan and at the Hindu Samaj Temple in Wappingers Falls, New York. Sindhura made it to the semi-finals in the 2005 Miss World Pageant held in China.
http://wn.com/Sindhura_Gadde -
Sonal Sehgal
Sonal Sehgal: born July 13, 1981) is a television actress who shot to fame by playing the role of a terrorist, 'Sanjana', in the television serial, 'Saara Akash'. Then followed another serial, 'Hotel Kingston', where she proved her histrionics.
http://wn.com/Sonal_Sehgal -
Sonu Walia
Sonu Walia (born 19 February 1964) is a Bollywood actress, winner of Miss India pageant and model.
http://wn.com/Sonu_Walia -
Suzanne Sablok
Suzanne Sablok is a popular Model and Miss India title holder for the years 1989-1990. She later represented India in the Miss Universe 1990 and became a semifinalist where she placed 8th. During the telecast, the co-anchor showed preliminary results indicating that Suzanne had placed second in the preliminary swimsuit competition with a score of 8.15. However, the preliminary scores shown during the Parade of Nations indicate that Suzanne placed 6th in preliminary swimsuit with a score of 8.22, while she placed second in preliminary interview with a score of 8.15. It is unclear which preliminary scores announced were correct.
http://wn.com/Suzanne_Sablok -
Swaroop Sampat
Swaroop Sampat (born 1958) is a Bollywood actress who has acted in several Hindi language films such as Naram Garam. She won the Miss India contest in 1979 and represented her country at Miss Universe 1979.
http://wn.com/Swaroop_Sampat -
Tanushree Dutta
Tanushree Dutta (pronounced , ITRANS: tanushri; born 19 March 1984) is an Indian actress who appears in mainly Bollywood films. A former beauty queen, she won the Femina Miss India universe title in 2004.
http://wn.com/Tanushree_Dutta -
Vaishali Desai
Vaishali Desai () (born December 18) is an Indian model and actor. She won the Indian title of Miss International 2005. She debuted in the film Kal Kissne Dekha.
http://wn.com/Vaishali_Desai -
Vida Samadzai
Vida Samadzai (born February 22, 1978) is Miss Afghanistan 2003. Although, the Republic of Afghanistan never recognized Samadzai as Miss Afghanistan. As the first Afghan woman to participate in an international beauty pageant since 1974, her appearance in a red bikini in the 2003 edition of Miss Earth pageant created controversy in her native country.
http://wn.com/Vida_Samadzai -
Yukta Mookhey
Yukta Mookhey (born 7 October 1979) is an Indian model and actress. She was crowned Miss World in December 1999 at the Olympia theatre in London.
http://wn.com/Yukta_Mookhey -
Zeenat Aman
Zeenat Aman (, ) (born 19 November 1951) is an Indian actress who has appeared in Bollywood films, notably in the 1970s and 1980s. She was the second runner up in the Miss India Contest and went on to win the Miss Asia Pacific in 1970. Upon making her debut in Bollywood, Aman was credited with bringing the Western heroine look to Hindi cinema.
http://wn.com/Zeenat_Aman
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Ese Hombre
- Si Tú Eres Mi Hombre
- Esa Mujer
- Nunca Voy a Olvidarte
- Costumbres
- Dicen Que Soy
- Sobre el Fuego
- Que Te Pedí
- Mi Mayor Venganza
- Te Daré Dulzura
- Sola
- Aun lo Amo
- Burlada Inocencia
- Déjame Volver Contigo
- O Ella, O Yo
- No Me lo Confiesas
- Soy Diferente (Versión Salsatón)
- Sólamente Una Noche (Versión Salsa)
- Un Amor Obsesivo
- Cuando Hieres a Una Mujer
- No Es Lo Mismo
- Lágrimas
- Tengo Que Dejarte Ir
- Soy Diferente (Versión Reggaetón)
- Madre E Hija a.k.a. Madre
- Sólamente Una Noche (Versión Reggaetón)
- Bugarrón
- Sedúceme
- Traición
- El Anillo
- El Hombre Perfecto (Bachata Balada)
- Soy Mujer
- La Gran Tirana
- Que Me Importa
- Sedúceme (Pop Balada)
- Enseñáme a Olvidar
- El Hombre Perfecto (Merengue)
- Razones Tengo
- Confiado En Ti
- Traición (Balada)
- Navidad Sin Verte
- Hielo
- Sola
- Déjame Volver Contigo
- Que Te Pedí
- Lo Siento Mi Amor
- Aun Lo Amo
- Esa Mujer
- Si Vuelves Tu
- Sola (Balada)
- Me cansé de ser la otra
- Costumbres
- Burlada inocencia
- No me lo confiesas
- Si tú eres mi hombre
- Mi mayor venganza
- Sobre el fuego
- Te daré dulzura
- La voz de la experiencia (con Celia Cruz)
- Si estuvieras aquí
- Nunca voy a olvidarte
- Que ganas de no verte nunca más
- Ese hombre
- Dicen que soy
- O ella o yo
- Déjate amar
- I just want to hang around you
- No me conviene (con Tito Nieves)
- Vivir lo nuestro (con Marc Anthony)
- Vivir Sin Ti
- Llegó la India
- Soledad
- Mi Primera Rumba
- Yemaya y Ochun (Prelude)
- Yemaya y Ochun
- Merengue Internacional
- Solitude
- I Wanna Dance
- Soledad (Bilingual version)
- Right From the Start
- Dancing on the Fire
- Breaking Night
- The Lover Who Rocks You (All Night)
- Steppin' Out
- I've Got a Plan
- When You Were Mine
- You Should Be Lovin' Me
- Send Yourself to Me
- I'm Through With Love
- Dancing on the Fire (extended dance mix)
- Right From the Start (12'' fly mix)
- Vivir Lo Nuestro
- Nunca Voy a Olvidarte
- Que Ganas De No Verte Más
- Ese Hombre
- Yemaya Y Ochun
- Mi Primera Rumba
- Llego La India
- Vivir Sin Tí
- Dicen Que Soy
- O Ella O Yo
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Pantaloons Femina Miss India semi finals
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Published: 28 Feb 2012
- Updated: 25 Sep 2012
Your one stop destination for all the latest happenings,hot rumours and exclusive B-Town gossip... Subscribe NOW! www.youtube.com Follow us on twitter, facebook & Google+: www.twitter.com www.facebook.com gplus.to Also check out our website: www.zoomtv.in
http://wn.com/Pantaloons_Femina_Miss_India_semi_finals
Femina Miss India 1994 - Aishwarya Rai Sushmita Sen Highligh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Published: 10 Aug 2006
- Updated: 24 Sep 2012
Miss India 1994 Short Clip highlights pageant where Sushmita Sen and Aishwarya Rai Competed...check out my video videos Miss India 1994 Parts 1 and 2 for clips from the actual show.
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_1994_Aishwarya_Rai_Sushmita_Sen_Highligh
Femina Main Miss India 2011 Episode 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:43
- Published: 30 Mar 2011
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Palmolive Femina Miss India 2000 - Question & Answers & The Winners, Lara Dutta, Priynka & Diya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:00
- Published: 27 Dec 2011
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Palmolive Femina Miss India 2000 - Question & Answers & The Winners are Lara Dutta, Priyaka chopra & Diya Mirza. Judges Shah Rukh Khan Juhi Chawla, Mohammed Azharuddin, & Waheeda Reham, Malaika Arora as host.
http://wn.com/Palmolive_Femina_Miss_India_2000_Question_Answers_The_Winners,_Lara_Dutta,_Priynka_Diya
Akshay kumar at FEMINA MISS INDIA 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Published: 15 Apr 2012
- Updated: 23 Aug 2012
Akshay Kumar, Mika Singh, Ali Zafar performed at Femina Miss India 2012. Sakshi Tanwar, Rohit Shetty, Sonam Kapoor were among the judges. Ritesh Deshmukh & Tushar also came to promote their upcoming adult comedy Kya SuperKool Hai Hum.
http://wn.com/Akshay_kumar_at_FEMINA_MISS_INDIA_2012
Femina Miss India 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Published: 24 Mar 2010
- Updated: 18 Aug 2012
Pantaloons femina Miss India 2010 introduces 20 finalist in Mumbai. Present at the event were Femina Miss India World and Universe Pooja Chopra and Parvati Omnakutthan to cheer on the finalists. Show was choreographed by Marc Robinson.
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2010
Femina Miss India 2010 Finalists!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Published: 17 Mar 2010
- Updated: 22 May 2012
Temperatures were soaring just because of the start of summer, but also due to the excitement of getting the first glimpse of 80 lucky girls chosen for 'Pantaloon Femina Miss India (PFMI) 2010.
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2010_Finalists!!
Pantaloons Femina Miss India '10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:31
- Published: 05 May 2010
- Updated: 31 Mar 2012
three winning beauties of Pantaloons Femina Miss India
http://wn.com/Pantaloons_Femina_Miss_India_'10
Femina Miss India 2008 top three winners in swimsuit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Published: 07 Apr 2008
- Updated: 09 Aug 2012
Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2008 and the night belonged to Parvathy Omanakuttan who walked away with the title of Miss India World 2008. While Simran Kaur Mundi was crowned Miss India Universe 2008 and the Miss India Earth 2008 title went to Harshita Saxena. there swimsuit round clips.
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2008_top_three_winners_in_swimsuit
Femina Miss India 2009 Crowning
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:52
- Published: 15 Apr 2009
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Watch in HQ: www.youtube.com Miss India 2009 Crowning Miss India World 2009 : Pooja Chopra. Miss India Universe 2009 : Ekta Chowdhary. Miss India Earth : Shriya Kishore. Miss India International : Harshita Saxena. Miss India Tourism : Ishita Sarkar. .
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2009_Crowning
Bollywood World - Pantaloons Femina Miss India Winners 2012 Share Their Excitement - Latest Celeb News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Published: 09 Apr 2012
- Updated: 07 Aug 2012
Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2012 winner Vanya Mishra was joined by runner ups Prachi Mishra and Rochelle Maria Rao for a press conference after the event where they shared their future plans and the excitement of participating in International Beauty contests. For Daily Updates and Fun Stuff Subscribe at www.youtube.com Join us on Facebook at www.facebook.com Send us a Tweet at twitter.com
http://wn.com/Bollywood_World_Pantaloons_Femina_Miss_India_Winners_2012_Share_Their_Excitement_Latest_Celeb_News
Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Published: 13 Apr 2011
- Updated: 25 Apr 2012
Sajid Khan speaks with the participants of Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2011
http://wn.com/Pantaloons_Femina_Miss_India_2011
POOJA CHOPRA : FEMINA MISS INDIA WORLD 2009 : Her TOP 10 and TOP 5 ANSWER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 10 Apr 2009
- Updated: 25 Jul 2012
www.missosology.org/forum and www.missosology.org/india presents full coverage of Miss India 2009 Pageant at Missosology India The contestants are : The 20 finalists are: 1. Akanksha Yadav 2. Aarohi Kadam 3. Aparajita Sharma 4. Deeksha Seth 5. Dimple Patel 6. Ekta Chowdhry 7. Faith Pandey Winner of Miss India South 2009 8. Hanika Paryani 9. Harshita Saxena 10. Ishita Sarkar 11. Karishma Karnik 12. Nandini Vaid 13. Nishta Khadiwala 14. Niharika Nag 15. Pooja Chopra Winner of Miss India East 2009 16. Pooja Hegde 17. Ragini Dwivedi 18. Shriya Kishore 19. Sonakshi Sajnani 20. Tulip Bhattacharya Femina Miss India is the most prestigious Pageant of India the winners are sent to Miss Universe , Miss World , Miss Earth and Miss International This years winners are Ekta Chowdhry CHAUDHARY chaudhry chaudhury Shriya Kishore Pooja Chopra Aishwarya Rai , Sushmita Sen , Lara Dutta , Priyanka Chopra , Diana Hayden , Yukta Mookhey , Neha Dhupia , Celina Jaitley all have been Ex Miss India's
http://wn.com/POOJA_CHOPRA_FEMINA_MISS_INDIA_WORLD_2009_Her_TOP_10_and_TOP_5_ANSWER
Femina Miss India 2011: Winning moments
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Published: 15 Apr 2011
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
Amongst the 20 finalists, India chose the divas who will represent them at world pageants. Here are the winners of Femina Miss India 2011.
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2011_Winning_moments
Femina Miss India Winners 2009 pooja chopra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Published: 07 Apr 2009
- Updated: 06 Jun 2012
The 3 girls who stole the limelight were none other than the Winners of the Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009 who attended a press conference at the Hotel Sahara Star in Mumbai on April 6. Ekta Chowdhary was crowned Miss India Universe while Pooja Chopra was crowned Miss India World and Shriya Kishore will compete at the Miss earth 2009 Pageant.
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_Winners_2009_pooja_chopra
Femina Miss India Winners Party
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Published: 11 Apr 2008
- Updated: 25 Oct 2011
www.zoomtv.in Subscribe to our Youtube channel now For the latest Bollywood news, gossip, celebrities, events, log on to http We invite you to join the Zoom Klub
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_Winners_Party
Femina Miss India-Reliving the moments of Glory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Published: 15 Feb 2010
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
Sushmita Sen, Priyanka Chopra reminisce their Femina Miss India days
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India-Reliving_the_moments_of_Glory
Femina Miss India 2012 Crowning: Vanya Mishra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Published: 30 Mar 2012
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
Femina Miss India 2012 Crowning: Vanya Mishra At SP Jain's Bhavan's campus Andheri, Mumbai
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2012_Crowning_Vanya_Mishra
Pantaloons Miss India 2012 Winners
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Published: 05 Apr 2012
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
The Pantaloons Miss India 2012 Winners Exclusive collection where All the Three Sexiest divas and Pantaloons Miss India 2012 Winners Vanya Mishra (Pantaloons Femina Miss India World 2012), Prachi Mishra (Pantaloons Femina Miss India Earth 2012), Rochelle Maria Rao (Pantaloons Femina Miss India International 2012) showing her gorgeous looks in front of media.
http://wn.com/Pantaloons_Miss_India_2012_Winners
Femina Miss India 2012 - Crowning Moment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:49
- Published: 21 Apr 2012
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
See Femina Miss India 2012 - Crowning Moment Results: FMI World - Vanya Mishra FMI Earth - Prachi Mishra FMI International - Rochelle Maria Rao
http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India_2012_Crowning_Moment
Miss India 2010 finalists unveil Femina Gold Crown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Published: 27 Mar 2010
- Updated: 14 May 2012
The gold council of India and Pantaloon Femina Miss India 2010 finalists unveiled Femina gold crown at hotel Grand Hyatt, Mumbai.
http://wn.com/Miss_India_2010_finalists_unveil_Femina_Gold_Crown
Launch of Femina Miss India Calendar 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Published: 02 Dec 2011
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Your one stop destination for all the latest happenings,hot rumours and exclusive B-Town gossip... Subscribe NOW! www.youtube.com Follow us on twitter, facebook & Google+: www.twitter.com www.facebook.com gplus.to Also check out our website: www.zoomtv.in
http://wn.com/Launch_of_Femina_Miss_India_Calendar_2012
Pantaloons Femina Miss India Winners 2011 - Bollywoodhungama.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Published: 21 Apr 2011
- Updated: 19 Jun 2012
Kanishtha Dhankhar, Ankita Shorey and Hasleen Kaur were crowned as the winners of 'Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2011'. Catch them talk about their plans in Bollywood and their favourite stars. Check it out!
http://wn.com/Pantaloons_Femina_Miss_India_Winners_2011_Bollywoodhungamacom
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| Femina Miss India | |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1963 |
| Type | Beauty Pageant |
| Headquarters | Mumbai, India |
| Location |  India |
| Membership | Miss World Miss Earth Miss International |
| Official languages | Standard Hindi, English |
| National Director | Marc Robinson |
| Website | feminamissindia.indiatimes.com |
Miss India or Femina Miss India is a national beauty pageant in India that annually selects three winners to compete globally. The winner of Femina Miss India World vies in Miss World, Femina Miss India Earth winner competes in Miss Earth, and the third winner, Femina Miss India International goes to compete in Miss International.[1] It is organized by Femina, a women's magazine published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.
Femina Miss India used to select a winner and two runners up who were then sent to various international contests such as Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss Asia Pacific, and Miss International respectively. In 1995, the organizers of Femina Miss India decided to end the practice of crowning a single winner and instead decided that the contest would be used to crown three winners specifically to represent India at Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss Asia Pacific, In 2002, the third winner was designated to Miss Earth instead of Miss Asia Pacific. In 2007, the organizers declared no more runners-up in the Femina Miss India contest; all 3 winners are equal. In the past, the winner of the Miss India Universe title was declared the winner of the pageant while the Miss India World was the runner up.[2][3]
In 2010, Femina Miss India decided that they would no longer send a representative to Miss Universe at all, and relinquished the Miss Universe franchise, choosing instead to designate the third winner to represent India in Miss International instead, a contest that it had historically sent a finalist to.
The 49th edition of Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2012 was held on 30th March in Mumbai. 20 finalist competed for the titles where 19 years old Vanya Mishra won Femina Miss India World 2012, Prachi Mishra, 24 was crowned Femina Miss India Earth 2012, and Rochelle Maria Rao, aged 23 won the Femina Miss India International 2012 crown. The girls will now represent India in their respective pageants.
Contents |
International pageants[link]
Miss India has been participating in the Miss Universe pageant since 1953, starting with Indrani Rehman; and in the Miss World pageant since 1959, starting with Fleur Ezekiel. There is no clause that stipulates that the winner of Miss India (or winner of a National Title) cannot participate in the Miss World and Miss Universe pageants in the same year. Historically, the Femina Miss India pageant sent the winner of the pageant to Miss Universe pageant, and Eve's Weekly, a rival women's publication sent the winner of its Miss India contest to Miss World, Miss Asia Pacific and Miss International. In the late 80s, Femina acquired the rights to send a representative to Miss World as well, and started to send the winner to Miss Universe and the runner-up to the Miss World contest. In 1995, following India's historic dual wins at both Miss Universe and Miss World, the custom of crowning a single winner was discontinued, and instead, the top three placers were each designated a winner, with equal prizes, visibility and responsibilities, and crowned Femina Miss India-Universe, Femina Miss India-World, and Femina Miss India-Asia Pacific. In 2002, the third title was changed to Femina Miss India-Earth, to designate India's representation at the newly launched Miss Earth pageant, focused on the cause of environmental advocacy. From 2007 to 2009, three equal winners were selected going to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss Earth.[2][3] In 2010, Femina Miss India decided to stop sending representatives to the Miss Universe pageant entirely, choosing instead to send a crowned winner to Miss International.
The awards for 1989 were given at the end of the year (December); hence there was no separate contest for 1990.
In 1994, Sushmita Sen won the Miss Universe title after winning the Miss India crown and became the first Indian woman ever to win the Miss Universe crown. The same year the runner-up of Miss India, Aishwarya Rai, won the Miss World title. Both Sushmita Sen and Aishwarya Rai established themselves in the Bollywood industry after winning their titles.
The success of Aishwarya Rai and Sushmita Sen spawned coaching institutions which were set up to groom girls in pageant participation skills. The number of participants in the preliminary rounds of the pageant has increased considerably. Miss India World 1997, Diana Hayden won the title of Miss World 1997. Pageant winners are also groomed for months in preparation for the international contest. In 1999, the Miss India runner-up Yukta Mookhey went on to win the Miss World that year.
In 2000, three of the Miss India winners won their respective international pageants – Lara Dutta (Miss Universe), Priyanka Chopra (Miss World) and Diya Mirza (Miss Asia-Pacific). The only other country to have won all three major titles in one year was Australia in 1972.
In 2010, Nicole Faria became the first Indian to win the Miss Earth title in Vietnam, which leaves Miss International as the only major international pageant that has not been won by an Indian contestant, although India has placed as a runner up on numerous occasions.
Contestants gallery[link]
Photographs of some contestants.
-
Kanishtha Dhankar, Miss India World 2011
-
Manasvi Mamgai, Miss India World 2010
-
Neha Hinge, Miss India International 2010
-
Pooja Chopra, Miss India World 2009
-
Simran Kaur Mundi, Miss India Universe 2008
-
Parvathy Omanakuttan, Miss India World 2008
-
Sarah Jane Dias, Miss India World 2007
-
Puja Gupta, Miss India Universe 2007
-
Natasha Suri, Miss India World 2006
-
Sayali Bhagat, Miss India World 2004
-
Tanushree Dutta, Miss India Universe 2004
-
Shonal Rawat, Miss India Asia Pacific 2003
-
Shonali Nagrani, Miss India International 2003
-
Neha Dhupia, Miss India Universe 2002
-
Celina Jaitley, Miss India Universe 2001
-
Gul Panag, Miss India Universe 1999
-
Nafisa Joseph.jpg
Nafisa Joseph, Miss India Universe 1997
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
Photographs of International titleholders
-
Lara Dutta, Miss Intercontinental 1997, Miss Universe 2000
-
Priyanka Chopra, Miss World 2000
-
Dia Mirza, Miss Asia Pacific 2000
-
Yukta Mookhey, Miss World 1999
-
Diana Hayden, Miss World 1997
-
Sushmita Sen, Miss Universe 1994
-
Aishwarya Rai, Miss World 1994
-
Zeenat Aman, Miss Asia Pacific 1970
Controversies[link]
Controversies erupted in the year 2008 when President of Gladrags, Maureen Wadia served a legal notice to the newly crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India Earth 2008, Harshita Saxena for violation of a two-year exclusive contract with Gladrags which had been signed by Harshita in the year 2006. To participate in any other beauty pageant, Harshita would have required a written letter of no-objection from Gladrags. Earlier in an interview with CNN-IBN Maureen Wadia said, "Harshita Saxena from Goa is a Gladrags model. She was a part of my Megamodel Contract in April 2006. Her contract has not expired and Harshita has entered in some other contest before the contract has expired. The contract clearly said that they have to take my permission." Owing to this, Harsita had to give up the title and the crown passed on to Tanvi Vyas who represented India in the Miss Earth 2008 paegent held in the November 2008.[4] Harshita was later placed 4th in Miss India 2009 and represented India in Miss International 2009.
Starting in 2010, Femina Miss India relinquished the franchise to send a representative to the Miss Universe pageant. Tantra Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. (TEPL) in collaboration with 1994 Miss Universe Sushmita Sen have started a new pageant called I Am She – Miss Universe India. The winner of this pageant will participate in the Miss Universe pageant.[5]
Tragedy[link]
A former Miss India Winner Nafisa Joseph committed suicide in July 2004, hanging herself in her Mumbai flat.
By number of wins[link]
| Pageant | Titles | Winning years |
|---|---|---|
| Miss World |
|
1966, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000 |
| Miss Earth |
|
2010 |
| Miss International | None | |
| Miss Universe |
|
1994, 2000 |
| Miss Asia Pacific |
|
1970, 1973, 2000 |
Representation[link]
| Winner | Finalist | Semifinalist |
Miss World[link]
India did not send delegates in 1967, 1965, 1964, 1963
| Year | Representative | State | Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Vanya Mishra | Chandigarh | TBA |
| 2011 | Kanishtha Dhankhar | Haryana |
|
| 2010 | Manasvi Mamgai | Uttarakhand | Unplaced |
| 2009 | Pooja Chopra | Maharashtra | Semifinalist. Beauty With a Purpose winner |
| 2008 | Parvathy Omanakuttan | Kerala | 1st Runner-Up, Continental Queen of Beauty – Asia Pacific |
| 2007 | Sarah Jane Dias | Karnataka | Unplaced |
| 2006 | Natasha Suri | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 2005 | Sindhura Gadde | Andhra Pradesh | Semifinalist |
| 2004 | Sayali Bhagat1 | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 2003 | Ami Vashi | Gujarat | 3rd Runner-up |
| 2002 | Shruti Sharma | Uttar Pradesh | Semifinalist |
| 2001 | Sara Corner | Karnataka | Unplaced |
| 2000 | Priyanka Chopra | Uttar Pradesh | Miss World 2000 |
| 1999 | Yukta Mookhey | Punjab | Miss World 1999 |
| 1998 | Annie Thomas | Kerala | Unplaced |
| 1997 | Diana Hayden | Andhra Pradesh | Miss World 1997 |
| 1996 | Rani Jeyraj | Karnataka | 3rd Runner-Up, Continental Queen of Beauty – Asia Pacific |
| 1995 | Preeti Mankotia | Karnataka | Unplaced |
| 1994 | Aishwarya Rai | Karnataka | Miss World 1994 |
| 1993 | Karminder Kaur-Virk | Chandigarh | Unplaced |
| 1992 | Shyla Lopez | Karnataka | |
| 1991 | Ritu Singh | New Delhi | Semifinalist |
| 1989–1990 | Naveeda Mehdi | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1988 | Anuradha Kottur | Maharashtra | |
| 1987 | Manisha Kohli | Maharashtra | |
| 1986 | Maureen Mary Lestourgeon | Maharashtra | |
| 1985 | Sharon Mary Clarke | Maharashtra | |
| 1984 | Suchita Kumar | Maharashtra | |
| 1983 | Sweety Grewal | Maharashtra | |
| 1982 | Uttara Mhatre Kher | Maharashtra | |
| 1981 | Deepti Divakar | Andhra Pradesh | |
| 1980 | Elizabeth Anita Reddi | Andhra Pradesh | Semifinalist |
| 1979 | Raina Winifred Mendonica | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1978 | Kalpana Iyer | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1977 | Veena Prakash | Withdrew in protest against the presence of a white Miss South Africa | |
| 1976 | Naina Balsavar | Withdrew | |
| 1975 | Anjana Sood | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1974 | Kiran Dholakia | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1972 | Malathi Basappa | Karnataka | 4th Runner-up |
| 1971 | Prema Narayan | Andhra Pradesh | Unplaced |
| 1970 | Heather Corinne Faville | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1969 | Adina Shellim | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1968 | Jane Coelho | New Delhi | |
| 1966 | Reita Faria | Maharashtra | Miss World 1966 |
| 1962 | Ferial Karim | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1961 | Veronica Leonora | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1960 | Iona Pinto | Maharashtra | |
| 1959 | Fleur Ezekiel | Maharashtra | Debut |
Miss Earth[link]
| Year | Representative | State | Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Prachi Mishra | Uttar Pradesh | TBA |
| 2011 | Hasleen Kaur | Delhi | Unplaced |
| 2010 | Nicole Faria | Karnataka | Miss Earth 2010 |
| 2009 | Shriya Kishore | Maharashtra | Top 08 Semifinalist |
| 2008 | Tanvi Vyas2 | Gujarat | Unplaced |
| 2007 | Pooja Chitgopekar | Karnataka | 1st Runner-Up (Miss Earth – Air) |
| 2006 | Amruta Patki | Maharashtra | 1st Runner-Up (Miss Earth – Air) |
| 2005 | Niharika Singh | Uttaranchal | Unplaced |
| 2004 | Jyoti Brahmin3 | West Bengal | Top 16 Semifinalist |
| 2003 | Shweta Vijay | Kerala | Unplaced |
| 2002 | Reshmi Ghosh | West Bengal | |
| 2001 | Shamita Singha | Maharashtra | Top 10 Semifinalist |
Miss International[link]
An Indian woman has never won the Miss International title and India did not send delegates to Miss International in 1963 -1967, 1972, 1977, 1989, 1990.
| Year | Representative | State | Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Rochelle Maria Rao | Tamilnadu | TBA |
| 2011 | Ankita Shorey | Jammu & Kashmir | Unplaced |
| 2010 | Neha Hinge | Madhya Pradesh | Semifinalist |
| 2009 | Harshita Saxena | Goa | Unplaced |
| 2008 | Radha Brahmbhatt | Gujarat, Northwood, London | |
| 2007 | Esha Gupta | Maharashtra | |
| 2006 | Sonali Sehgal | West Bengal | Semifinalist |
| 2005 | Vaishali Desai | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 2004 | Mihika Verma | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 2003 | Shonali Nagrani | New Delhi | 1st Runner-Up |
| 2002 | Gauhar Khan | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 2001 | Kanwal Toor | New Delhi | Semifinalist |
| 2000 | Gayatri Joshi | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1999 | Srikrupa Murali | Karnataka | Unplaced |
| 1998 | Shwetha Jaishanker | Tamil Nadu | 2nd Runner-Up |
| 1997 | Diya Abraham | Kerala | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1996 | Fleur Xavier | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1995 | Priya Gill | Maharashtra | |
| 1994 | Fransesca Hart | Maharashtra | |
| 1993 | Pooja Batra | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1992 | Kamal Sandhu | New Delhi | Unplaced |
| 1991 | Preeti Mankotia | Karnataka | Semifinalist |
| 1988 | Shikha Swaroop | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1987 | Erika Maria de Souza | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1986 | Poonam Pahlet Gidwant | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1985 | Vinita Seshadri Vasan | New Delhi | |
| 1984 | Nalanda Ravindra Bhandar | West Bengal | Semifinalist |
| 1983 | Sahila Chadha | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1982 | Betty O'Connor | Maharashta | |
| 1981 | Meenakshi Seshadri | Tamil Nadu | |
| 1980 | Ulrika Karen Bredemeyer | Maharashtra | |
| 1979 | Nita Pinto | Maharashtra | |
| 1978 | Sabita Dhanrajgir | Punjab | |
| 1976 | Nafisa Ali | Maharashtra | 2nd Runner-Up |
| 1975 | Indira Maria Bredemeyer | Maharashtra | 2nd Runner-Up |
| 1974 | Leslie Jean Hartnett | New Delhi | Unplaced |
| 1972 | Indira Muthanna | Karnataka | |
| 1971 | Samita Mukherjee | West Bengal | |
| 1970 | Patricia D'Souza | New Delhi | Semifinalist |
| 1969 | Wendy Leslie Vaz | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1968 | Sumita Sen | West Bengal | Semifinalist |
| 1962 | Sheila Chonkar | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1961 | Diana Valentine | New Delhi | |
| 1960 | Iona Pinto | Maharashtra | 1st Runner-Up |
Miss Universe[link]
India did not compete in the Miss Universe for ten years from 1953–1963. A separate pageant, I Am She – Miss Universe India, was created to send contestants to Miss Universe from 2010 on wards.
| Year | Representative | State | Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Ekta Chowdhary | Haryana | Unplaced |
| 2008 | Simran Kaur Mundi | Maharashtra | |
| 2007 | Puja Gupta | Delhi | Top 10 finalist |
| 2006 | Neha Kapur | Delhi | Top 20 finalist |
| 2005 | Amrita Thapar | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 2004 | Tanushree Dutta | Jharkhand | Top 10 finalist |
| 2003 | Nikita Anand | Delhi | Unplaced |
| 2002 | Neha Dhupia | Delhi | Top 10 finalist |
| 2001 | Celina Jaitley | West Bengal | 4th Runner-Up |
| 2000 | Lara Dutta | Karnataka | Miss Universe 2000 |
| 1999 | Gul Panag | Punjab | Top 10 finalist |
| 1998 | Lymaraina D'Souza | Maharashtra | Top 10 finalist |
| 1997 | Nafisa Joseph | Karnataka | Top 10 finalist |
| 1996 | Sandhya Chib | Karnataka | Top 10 finalist |
| 1995 | Manpreet Brar | Delhi | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1994 | Sushmita Sen | Delhi | Miss Universe 1994 |
| 1993 | Namrata Shirodkar | Maharashtra | Top 6 finalist |
| 1992 | Madhu Sapre | Maharashtra | 2nd Runner-Up |
| 1991 | Christabelle Howie | Tamil Nadu | Unplaced |
| 1990 | Suzanne Sablok | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1989 | Dolly Minhas succeeded dethroned winner Kalpana Pandit. | Chandigarh | Unplaced |
| 1988 | Shabnam Patel also won the title of Miss MaxFactor in 1989. | Maharashtra | |
| 1987 | Priyadarshini Pradhan | Maharashtra | Best National Costume Award |
| 1986 | Mehr Jessia | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1985 | Sonu Walia | New Delhi | |
| 1984 | Juhi Chawla | Punjab | Best National Costume Award |
| 1983 | Rekha Hande | Karnataka | Unplaced |
| 1982 | Pamela Chaudry Singh | New Delhi | |
| 1981 | Rachita Kumar | Maharashtra | |
| 1980 | Sangeeta Bijlani | Maharashtra | Best National Costume Award |
| 1979 | Swaroop Sampat | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1978 | Alamjeet Kaur Chauhan | Chandigarh | Best National Costume Award |
| 1977 | Bineeta Bose | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1976 | Naina Sudhir Balsavar | Uttar Pradesh | |
| 1975 | Meenakshi Kurpad | Mumbai | |
| 1974 | Shailini Bhavnath Dholakia | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1973 | Farzana Habib | Maharashtra | Semifinalist |
| 1972 | Roopa Satyan | Semifinalist | |
| 1971 | Raj Gill | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1970 | Veena Sajnani | Maharashtra | |
| 1969 | Kavita Bhambhani | Maharashtra | |
| 1968 | Anjum Mumtaz Barg | Maharashtra | |
| 1967 | Nayyara Mirza | New Delhi | |
| 1966 | Yasmin Daji | Maharashtra | 3rd Runner-Up |
| 1965 | Persis Khambatta | Maharashtra | Unplaced |
| 1964 | Meher Castelino Mistri | Maharashtra | |
| 1952 | Indrani Rehman | Tamil Nadu | Debut |
Miss Asia Pacific[link]
Miss India used to send its third winner to compete in Miss Asia Pacific. Even though Miss Asia Pacific International was a prestigious beauty pageant, it wasn't conducted regularly and in 2006 ceased to exist. Since 2002 the Femina Miss India organization sent the third winner to Miss Earth and since 2010 the second winner competes in Miss Earth. The last candidate from Miss India to Miss Asia Pacific was Simran Chandok.
| Year | Representative | Ranking |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Simran Chandok | Unplaced |
| 2003 | Shonal Rawat | 1st Runner-Up |
| 2002 | Tina Chatwal | 2nd Runner-up |
| 2001 | Maheshwari | Unplaced |
| 2000 | Dia Mirza | Miss Asia Pacific 2000 |
| 1999 | Shivangi Parikkh | Unplaced |
| 1998 | Vikkitha Aggarwal | |
| 1997 | Divya Chauhan | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1996 | Mini Menon | Unplaced |
| 1995 | Ruchi Malhotra | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1994 | Shweta Menon | Unplaced |
| 1993 | Namrata Shirodkar | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1992 | Mehroo Jal Mistry | Unplaced |
| 1989 | Anuradha Ramani | |
| 1988 | Viola Antony | |
| 1987 | Jasleem Kaur | |
| 1986 | Ana Vasan | |
| 1985 | Seema Malhotra | |
| 1983 | Monica Lakshmana | |
| 1982 | Aparna Sharma | |
| 1981 | Mehjabeen Ayub Khan | |
| 1980 | Upneet Pannu | |
| 1979 | Maureen Mary Lestourgeon | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1978 | Preeti Koppikar | Unplaced |
| 1977 | Marianne De Souza | 1st Runner-Up |
| 1976 | Anna Adriane Bredemeyer | 2nd Runner-Up |
| 1975 | Seema Marwaha | Unplaced |
| 1974 | Marilyn Theresa Ferreira | |
| 1973 | Tara Anna Fonseca | Miss Asia Pacific 1973 |
| 1972 | Samita Mukherjee | Unplaced |
| 1971 | Urmila Sanandan | |
| 1970 | Zeenat Aman | Miss Asia Pacific 1970 |
| 1969 | Tasneem Fakir Mohammed | Unplaced |
| 1968 | Anabella Crawford |
- ^ First won by Lakshmi Pandit (Abdicated)
- ^ First Won By Harshita Saxena - [Dethroned].
- ^ First won by Sayali Bhagat, who later became Miss India World.
References[link]
- ^ Devi, Kanchana (28 March 2012). "Miss India 2012: Who will win this time?". Truth Dive. http://truthdive.com/2012/03/28/miss-india-2012-who-will-win-this-time.html. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ a b "The Hindu News Update Service". The Hindu. 2007-04-09. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200704091922.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ a b News, Press Trust of India (9 April 2007). "No runners-up in Miss India contest; all 3 winners are equal". Daily News and Analysis and Press Trust of India. http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_no-runners-up-in-miss-india-contest-all-3-winners-are-equal_1089789. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Miss India Earth to fight for crown in court – Movies News". ibnlive. 2010-02-03. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/miss-india-earth-to-fight-for-crown-in-court/63008-8.html. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ "30 contestants gear up for Miss Universe". Hindustan Times. 2010-04-30. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/fashionandbeauty/30-contestants-gear-up-for-Miss-Universe/Article1-537155.aspx. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/Femina_Miss_India
Related pages:
http://nl.wn.com/Miss India
http://pt.wn.com/Miss Índia
http://it.wn.com/Miss India
http://es.wn.com/Femina Miss India
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femina_Miss_India
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation).
| Republic of India
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit) "Truth Alone Triumphs"[1] |
||||||
Anthem:
 Jana Gana Mana "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[2] |
||||||
| National song: Vande Mataram "I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1] |
||||||
.svg) Area controlled by India is in dark green.
Claimed but uncontrolled regions are in light green. |
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| Capital | New Delhi 28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E / 28.6133°N 77.2083°E / 28.6133; 77.2083 |
|||||
| Largest city | Mumbai | |||||
| Official language(s) |
|
|||||
| Recognised regional languages | ||||||
| National language(s) | none[3] | |||||
| Demonym | Indian | |||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic[1] |
|||||
| - | President | Pratibha Patil | ||||
| - | Vice President | Mohammad Hamid Ansari | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh (INC) | ||||
| - | Speaker of the House | Meira Kumar (INC) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | S. H. Kapadia | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament of India | |||||
| - | Upper house | Rajya Sabha | ||||
| - | Lower house | Lok Sabha | ||||
| Independence | from the United Kingdom | |||||
| - | Declared | 15 August 1947 | ||||
| - | Republic | 26 January 1950 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 3,287,263 km2 [b](7th) 1,269,219 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 9.56 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2011 census | 1,210,193,422[4] (2nd) | ||||
| - | Density | 369.1/km2 (31st) 956.1/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $4.457 trillion[5] (3rd) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $3,693[5] (129th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $1.676 trillion[5] (11th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,388[5] (140th) | ||||
| Gini (2004) | 36.8[6] (79th) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.547[7] (medium) (134th) |
|||||
| Currency | Indian rupee ( ) (INR) |
|||||
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+05:30) | ||||
| Date formats | dd-mm-yyyy (AD) | |||||
| Drives on the | left | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | IN | |||||
| Internet TLD | .in | |||||
| Calling code | 91 | |||||
India (
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[c] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[d] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[8] Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's eleventh-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks ninth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and multiethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Main article: Names of India
The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu. The latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River.[9] The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi (Ινδοί), which translates as "the people of the Indus".[10] The geographical term Bharat (pronounced [ˈbʱaːrət̪] (
listen)), which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in various subtle guises.[11] The eponym of Bharat is Bharata, a mythological figure that Hindu scriptures describe as a legendary emperor of ancient India. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn] ( listen)) was originally a Persian word that meant "Land of the Hindus"; prior to 1947, it referred to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan. It is occasionally used to solely denote India in its entirety.[12][13]
History[link]
Main articles: History of India and History of the Republic of India
Ancient India[link]
The earliest anatomically modern human remains found in South Asia date from approximately 30,000 years ago.[14] Nearly contemporaneous Mesolithic rock art sites have been found in many parts of the Indian subcontinent, including at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh.[15] Around 7000 BCE, the first known Neolithic settlements appeared on the subcontinent in Mehrgarh and other sites in western Pakistan.[16] These gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation,[17] the first urban culture in South Asia;[18] it flourished during 2500–1900 BCE in Pakistan and western India.[19] Centred around cities such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Kalibangan, and relying on varied forms of subsistence, the civilisation engaged robustly in crafts production and wide-ranging trade.[18]
During the period 2000–500 BCE, in terms of culture, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age.[20] The Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism,[21] were composed during this period,[22] and historians have analysed these to posit a Vedic culture in the Punjab region and the upper Gangetic Plain.[20] Most historians also consider this period to have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent from the north-west.[23][21][24] The caste system, which created a hierarchy of priests, warriors, and free peasants, but which excluded indigenous peoples by labeling their occupations impure, arose during this period.[25] On the Deccan Plateau, archaeological evidence from this period suggests the existence of a chiefdom stage of political organisation.[20] In southern India, a progression to sedentary life is indicated by the large number of megalithic monuments dating from this period,[26] as well as by nearby traces of agriculture, irrigation tanks, and craft traditions.[26]
In the late Vedic period, around the 5th century BCE, the small chiefdoms of the Ganges Plain and the north-western regions had consolidated into 16 major oligarchies and monarchies that were known as the mahajanapadas.[27][28] The emerging urbanisation and the orthodoxies of this age also led to the resurgence of ancient Shramanic traditions of Buddhism and Jainism,[29] both of which were independent religions.[30] Buddhism, based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha attracted followers from all social classes excepting the middle;[29][31] Jainism came into prominence around the same time during the life of its exemplar, Mahavira.[32] In an age of increasing urban wealth, both religions held up renunciation as an ideal,[33] and both established long-lasting monasteries.[27] Politically, by the 3rd century BCE, the kingdom of Magadha had annexed or reduced other states to emerge as the Mauryan Empire.[27] The empire was once thought to have controlled most of the subcontinent excepting the far south, but its core regions are now thought to have been separated by large autonomous areas.[34][35] The Mauryan kings are known as much for their empire-building and determined management of public life as for Ashoka's renunciation of militarism and far-flung advocacy of the Buddhist dhamma.[36][37]
The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals that, between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the southern peninsula was being ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with the Roman Empire and with West and South-East Asia.[38][39] In North India, Hinduism asserted patriarchal control within the family, leading to increased subordination of women.[40][27] By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created in the greater Ganges Plain a complex system of administration and taxation that became a model for later Indian kingdoms.[41][42] Under the Guptas, a renewed Hinduism based on devotion rather than the management of ritual began to assert itself.[43] The renewal was reflected in a flowering of sculpture and architecture, which found patrons among an urban elite.[42] Classical Sanskrit literature flowered as well, and Indian science, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics made significant advances.[42]
Medieval India[link]
The Indian early medieval age, 600 CE to 1200 CE, is defined by regional kingdoms and cultural diversity.[44] When Harsha of Kannauj, who ruled much of the Indo-Gangetic Plain from 606 to 647 CE, attempted to expand southwards, he was defeated by the Chalukya ruler of the Deccan.[45] When his successor attempted to expand eastwards, he was defeated by the Pala king of Bengal.[45] When the Chalukyas attempted to expand southwards, they were defeated by the Pallavas from farther south, who in turn were opposed by the Pandyas and the Cholas from still farther south.[45] No ruler of this period was able to create an empire and consistently control lands much beyond his core region.[44] During this time, pastoral peoples whose land had been cleared to make way for the growing agricultural economy were accommodated within caste society, as were new non-traditional ruling classes.[46] The caste system consequently began to show regional differences.[46]
In the 6th and 7th centuries, the first devotional hymns were created in the Tamil language.[47] They were imitated all over India and led to both the resurgence of Hinduism and the development of all modern languages of the subcontinent.[47] Indian royalty, big and small, and the temples they patronised, drew citizens in great numbers to the capital cities, which became economic hubs as well.[48] Temple towns of various sizes began to appear everywhere as India underwent another urbanisation.[48] By the 8th and 9th centuries, the effects were felt in South-East Asia, as South Indian culture and political systems were exported to lands that became part of modern-day Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Java.[49] Indian merchants, scholars, and sometimes armies were involved in this transmission; South-East Asians took the initiative as well, with many sojourning in Indian seminaries and translating Buddhist and Hindu texts into their languages.[49]
After the 10th century, Muslim Central Asian nomadic clans, using swift-horse cavalry and raising vast armies united by ethnicity and religion, repeatedly overran South Asia's north-western plains, leading eventually to the establishment of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate in 1206.[50] The sultanate was to control much of North India, and to make many forays into South India. Although at first disruptive for the Indian elites, the sultanate largely left its vast non-Muslim subject population to its own laws and customs.[51][52] By repeatedly repulsing Mongol raiders in the 13th century, the sultanate saved India from the devastation visited on West and Central Asia, setting the scene for centuries of migration of fleeing soldiers, learned men, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from that region into the subcontinent, thereby creating a syncretic Indo-Islamic culture in the north.[53][54] The sultanate's raiding and weakening of the regional kingdoms of South India paved the way for the indigenous Vijayanagara Empire.[55] Embracing a strong Shaivite tradition and building upon the military technology of the sultanate, the empire came to control much of peninsular India,[56] and was to influence South Indian society for long afterwards.[55]
Early modern India[link]
In the early 16th century, northern India, being then under mainly Muslim rulers,[57] fell again to the superior mobility and firepower of a new generation of Central Asian warriors.[58] The resulting Mughal Empire did not stamp out the local societies it came to rule, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices[59][60] and diverse and inclusive ruling elites,[61] leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule.[62] Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic identity, especially under Akbar, the Mughals united their far-flung realms through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised culture, to an emperor who had near-divine status.[61] The Mughal state's economic policies, deriving most revenues from agriculture[63] and mandating that taxes be paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[64] caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.[62] The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion,[62] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture.[65] Newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience.[66] Expanding commerce during Mughal rule gave rise to new Indian commercial and political elites along the coasts of southern and eastern India.[66] As the empire disintegrated, many among these elites were able to seek and control their own affairs.[67]
By the early 18th century, with the lines between commercial and political dominance being increasingly blurred, a number of European trading companies, including the English East India Company, had established coastal outposts.[68][69] The East India Company's control of the seas, greater resources, and more advanced military training and technology led it to increasingly flex its military muscle and caused it to become attractive to a portion of the Indian elite; both these factors were crucial in allowing the Company to gain control over the Bengal region by 1765 and sideline the other European companies.[70][68][71][72] Its further access to the riches of Bengal and the subsequent increased strength and size of its army enabled it to annex or subdue most of India by the 1820s.[73] India was now no longer exporting manufactured goods as it long had, but was instead supplying the British empire with raw materials, and many historians consider this to be the onset of India's colonial period.[68] By this time, with its economic power severely curtailed by the British parliament and itself effectively made an arm of British administration, the Company began to more consciously enter non-economic arenas such as education, social reform, and culture.[74]
Modern India[link]
Historians consider India's modern age to have begun sometime between 1848 and 1885. The appointment in 1848 of Lord Dalhousie as Governor General of the East India Company rule in India set the stage for changes essential to a modern state. These included the consolidation and demarcation of sovereignty, the surveillance of the population, and the education of citizens. Technological changes—among them, railways, canals, and the telegraph—were introduced not long after their introduction in Europe.[75][76][77][78] However, disaffection with the Company also grew during this time, and set off the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Fed by diverse resentments and perceptions, including invasive British-style social reforms, harsh land taxes, and summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, the rebellion rocked many regions of northern and central India and shook the foundations of Company rule.[79][80] Although the rebellion was suppressed by 1858, it led to the dissolution of the East India Company and to the direct administration of India by the British government. Proclaiming a unitary state and a gradual but limited British-style parliamentary system, the new rulers also protected princes and landed gentry as a feudal safeguard against future unrest.[81][82] In the decades following, public life gradually emerged all over India, leading eventually to the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885.[83][84][85][86]
The rush of technology and the commercialisation of agriculture in the second half of the 19th century was marked by economic setbacks—many small farmers became dependent on the whims of far-away markets.[87] There was an increase in the number of large-scale famines,[88] and, despite the risks of infrastructure development borne by Indian taxpayers, little industrial employment was generated for Indians.[89] There were also salutary effects: commercial cropping, especially in the newly canalled Punjab, led to increased food production for internal consumption.[90] The railway network provided critical famine relief,[91] notably reduced the cost of moving goods,[91] and helped nascent Indian-owned industry.[90] After World War I, in which some one million Indians served,[92] a new period began. It was marked by British reforms but also repressive legislation, by more strident Indian calls for self-rule, and by the beginnings of a non-violent movement of non-cooperation, of which Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi would become the leader and enduring symbol.[93] During the 1930s, slow legislative reform was enacted by the British; the Indian National Congress won victories in the resulting elections.[94] The next decade was beset with crises: Indian participation in World War II, the Congress's final push for non-cooperation, and an upsurge of Muslim nationalism. All were capped by the advent of independence in 1947, but tempered by the bloody partition of the subcontinent into two states: India and Pakistan.[95]
Vital to India's self-image as an independent nation was its constitution, completed in 1950, which put in place a sovereign, secular, and democratic republic.[96] In the 60 years since, India has had a mixed bag of successes and failures.[97] It has remained a democracy with civil liberties, an activist Supreme Court, and a largely independent press.[97] Economic liberalisation, which was begun in the 1990s, has created a large urban middle class, transformed India into one of the world's fastest-growing economies,[98] and increased its geopolitical clout. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in global culture.[97] Yet, India has also been weighed down by seemingly unyielding poverty, both rural and urban;[97] by religious and caste-related violence;[99] by Maoist-inspired Naxalite insurgencies;[100] and by separatism in Jammu and Kashmir.[101] It has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which escalated into the Sino-Indian War of 1962;[102] and with Pakistan, which flared into wars fought in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999.[102] The India–Pakistan nuclear rivalry came to a head in 1998.[103] India's sustained democratic freedoms are unique among the world's new nations; however, in spite of its recent economic successes, freedom from want for its disadvantaged population remains a goal yet to be achieved.[104]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of India
See also: Geology of India
India comprises the bulk of the Indian subcontinent and lies atop the minor Indian tectonic plate, which in turn belongs to the Indo-Australian Plate.[105] India's defining geological processes commenced 75 million years ago when the Indian subcontinent, then part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, began a north-eastward drift across the then-unformed Indian Ocean that lasted fifty million years.[105] The subcontinent's subsequent collision with, and subduction under, the Eurasian Plate bore aloft the planet's highest mountains, the Himalayas. They abut India in the north and the north-east.[105] In the former seabed immediately south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast trough that has gradually filled with river-borne sediment;[106] it now forms the Indo-Gangetic Plain.[107] To the west lies the Thar Desert, which is cut off by the Aravalli Range.[108]
The original Indian plate survives as peninsular India, which is the oldest and geologically most stable part of India; it extends as far north as the Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India. These parallel chains run from the Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the west to the coal-rich Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east.[109] To the south, the remaining peninsular landmass, the Deccan Plateau, is flanked on the west and east by coastal ranges known as the Western and Eastern Ghats;[110] the plateau contains the nation's oldest rock formations, some of them over one billion years old. Constituted in such fashion, India lies to the north of the equator between 6° 44' and 35° 30' north latitude[e] and 68° 7' and 97° 25' east longitude.[111]
India's coastline measures 7,517 kilometres (4,700 mi) in length; of this distance, 5,423 kilometres (3,400 mi) belong to peninsular India and 2,094 kilometres (1,300 mi) to the Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep island chains.[112] According to the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coastline consists of the following: 43% sandy beaches; 11% rocky shores, including cliffs; and 46% mudflats or marshy shores.[112]
Major Himalayan-origin rivers that substantially flow through India include the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, both of which drain into the Bay of Bengal.[113] Important tributaries of the Ganges include the Yamuna and the Kosi; the latter's extremely low gradient often leads to severe floods and course changes.[114] Major peninsular rivers, whose steeper gradients prevent their waters from flooding, include the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Kaveri, and the Krishna, which also drain into the Bay of Bengal;[115] and the Narmada and the Tapti, which drain into the Arabian Sea.[116] Coastal features include the marshy Rann of Kutch of western India and the alluvial Sundarbans delta of eastern India; the latter is shared with Bangladesh.[117] India has two archipelagos: the Lakshadweep, coral atolls off India's south-western coast; and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a volcanic chain in the Andaman Sea.[118]
The Indian climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the economically and culturally pivotal summer and winter monsoons.[119] The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes.[120][121] The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture-laden south-west summer monsoon winds that, between June and October, provide the majority of India's rainfall.[119] Four major climatic groupings predominate in India: tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid, and montane.[122]
Biodiversity[link]
Main article: Wildlife of India
India lies within the Indomalaya ecozone and contains three biodiversity hotspots.[123] One of 17 megadiverse countries, it hosts 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian, 11.7% of all piscine, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.[124] Endemism is high among plants, 33%, and among ecoregions such as the shola forests.[125] Habitat ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and North-East India to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the moist deciduous sal forest of eastern India; the dry deciduous teak forest of central and southern India; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain.[126] Under 12% of India's landmass bears thick jungle.[127] The medicinal neem, widely used in rural Indian herbal remedies, is a key Indian tree. The luxuriant pipal fig tree, shown on the seals of Mohenjo-daro, shaded Gautama Buddha as he sought enlightenment.
Many Indian species descend from taxa originating in Gondwana, from which the Indian plate separated more than 105 million years before present.[128] Peninsular India's subsequent movement towards and collision with the Laurasian landmass set off a mass exchange of species. Epochal volcanism and climatic changes 20 million years ago forced a mass extinction.[129] Mammals then entered India from Asia through two zoogeographical passes flanking the rising Himalaya.[126] Thus, while 45.8% of reptiles and 55.8% of amphibians are endemic, only 12.6% of mammals and 4.5% of birds are.[124] Among them are the Nilgiri leaf monkey and Beddome's toad of the Western Ghats. India contains 172 IUCN-designated threatened species, or 2.9% of endangered forms.[130] These include the Asiatic lion, the Bengal tiger, and the Indian white-rumped vulture, which, by ingesting the carrion of diclofenac-laced cattle, nearly went extinct.
The pervasive and ecologically devastating human encroachment of recent decades has critically endangered Indian wildlife. In response the system of national parks and protected areas, first established in 1935, was substantially expanded. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act[131] and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial wilderness; the Forest Conservation Act was enacted in 1980 and amendments added in 1988.[132] India hosts more than five hundred wildlife sanctuaries and thirteen biosphere reserves,[133] four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; twenty-five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.[134]
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of India
India is the world's most populous democracy.[135] A parliamentary republic with a multi-party system,[136] it has six recognised national parties, including the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and more than 40 regional parties.[137] The Congress is considered centre-left or "liberal" in Indian political culture, and the BJP centre-right or "conservative". For most of the period between 1950—when India first became a republic—and the late 1980s, the Congress held a majority in the parliament. Since then, however, it has increasingly shared the political stage with the BJP,[138] as well as with powerful regional parties which have often forced the creation of multi-party coalitions at the centre.[139]
In the Republic of India's first three general elections, in 1951, 1957, and 1962, the Jawaharlal Nehru-led Congress won easy victories. On Nehru's death in 1964, Lal Bahadur Shastri briefly became prime minister; he was succeeded, after his own unexpected death in 1966, by Indira Gandhi, who went on to lead the Congress to election victories in 1967 and 1971. Following public discontent with the state of emergency she declared in 1975, the Congress was voted out of power in 1977; the then-new Janata Party, which had opposed the emergency, was voted in. Its government lasted just over three years. Voted back into power in 1980, the Congress saw a change in leadership in 1984, when Indira Gandhi was assassinated; she was succeeded by her son Rajiv Gandhi, who won an easy victory in the general elections later that year. The Congress was voted out again in 1989 when a National Front coalition, led by the newly formed Janata Dal in alliance with the Left Front, won the elections; that government too proved relatively short-lived: it lasted just under two years.[140] Elections were held again in 1991; no party won an absolute majority. But the Congress, as the largest single party, was able to form a minority government led by P. V. Narasimha Rao.[141]
A two-year period of political turmoil followed the general election of 1996. Several short-lived alliances shared power at the centre. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996; it was followed by two comparatively long-lasting United Front coalitions, which depended on external support. In 1998, the BJP was able to form a successful coalition, the National Democratic Alliance, or NDA. Led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the NDA became the first non-Congress government to complete a five-year term.[142] In the 2004 Indian general elections, again no party won an absolute majority, but the Congress emerged as the largest single party, forming another successful coalition: the United Progressive Alliance, or UPA. It had the support of left-leaning parties and MPs who opposed the BJP. The UPA returned to power in the 2009 general election with increased numbers, and it no longer required external support from India's communist parties.[143] That year, Manmohan Singh became the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1957 and 1962 to be re-elected to a consecutive five-year term.[144]
Government[link]
Main article: Government of India
See also: Elections in India
India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which "majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law". Federalism in India defines the power distribution between the federal government and the states. The government abides by constitutional checks and balances. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950,[145] states in its preamble that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.[146] India's form of government, traditionally described as "quasi-federal" with a strong centre and weak states,[147] has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political, economic, and social changes.[148][149]
| Flag | Tricolour |
| Emblem | Sarnath Lion Capital |
| Anthem | Jana Gana Mana |
| Song | Vande Mataram |
| Calendar | Saka |
| Game | Hockey |
| Flower | Lotus |
| Fruit | Mango |
| Tree | Banyan |
| Bird | Indian Peafowl |
| Land animal | Royal Bengal Tiger |
| Aquatic animal | River Dolphin |
| River | Ganges |
The federal government comprises three branches:
- Executive: The President of India is the head of state[150] and is elected indirectly by a national electoral college[151] for a five-year term.[152] The Prime Minister of India is the head of government and exercises most executive power.[153] Appointed by the president,[154] the prime minister is by convention supported by the party or political alliance holding the majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.[153] The executive branch of the Indian government consists of the president, the vice-president, and the Council of Ministers—the cabinet being its executive committee—headed by the prime minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of one of the houses of parliament.[150] In the Indian parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature; the prime minister and his council directly responsible to the lower house of the parliament.[155]
- Legislative: The legislature of India is the bicameral parliament. It operates under a Westminster-style parliamentary system and comprises the upper house called the Rajya Sabha ("Council of States") and the lower called the Lok Sabha ("House of the People").[156] The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that has 245 members who serve in staggered six-year terms.[157] Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in numbers proportional to their state's share of the national population.[154] All but two of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote; they represent individual constituencies via five-year terms.[158] The remaining two members are nominated by the president from among the Anglo-Indian community, in case the president decides that they are not adequately represented.[159]
- Judicial: India has a unitary three-tier judiciary that comprises the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India, 21 High Courts, and a large number of trial courts.[160] The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases involving fundamental rights and over disputes between states and the centre; it has appellate jurisdiction over the High Courts.[161] It is judicially independent[160] and has the power both to declare the law and to strike down union or state laws which contravene the constitution.[162] The Supreme Court is also the ultimate interpreter of the constitution.[163]
Subdivisions[link]
Main article: Administrative divisions of India
See also: Political integration of India
India is a federation composed of 28 states and 7 union territories.[164] All states, as well as the union territories of Pondicherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the Westminster model. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the centre through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were reorganised on a linguistic basis.[165] Since then, their structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts. The districts in turn are further divided into tehsils and ultimately into villages.
States
Union territories
A clickable map of the 28 states and 7 union territories of India.
Foreign relations and military[link]
Main articles: Foreign relations of India and Indian Armed Forces
Since its independence in 1947, India has maintained cordial relations with most nations. In the 1950s, it strongly supported decolonisation in Africa and Asia and played a lead role in the Non-Aligned Movement.[166] In the late 1980s, the Indian military twice intervened abroad at the invitation of neighbouring countries: a peace-keeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990; and an armed intervention to prevent a coup d'état attempt in Maldives. India has tense relations with neighbouring Pakistan; the two nations have gone to war four times: in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999. Three of these wars were fought over the disputed territory of Kashmir, while the fourth, the 1971 war, followed from India's support for the independence of Bangladesh.[167] After waging the 1962 Sino-Indian War and the 1965 war with Pakistan, India pursued close military and economic ties with the Soviet Union; by the late 1960s, the Soviet Union was its largest arms supplier.[168]
Aside from ongoing strategic relations with Russia, India has wide-ranging defence relations with Israel and France. In recent years, it has played key roles in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the World Trade Organisation. The nation has provided 100,000 military and police personnel to serve in 35 UN peacekeeping operations across four continents. It participates in the East Asia Summit, the G8+5, and other multilateral forums.[169] India has close economic ties with South America, Asia, and Africa; it pursues a "Look East" policy that seeks to strengthen partnerships with the ASEAN nations, Japan, and South Korea that revolve around many issues, but especially those involving economic investment and regional security.[170][171]
China's nuclear test of 1964, as well as its repeated threats to intervene in support of Pakistan in the 1965 war, convinced India to develop nuclear weapons.[173] India conducted its first nuclear weapons test in 1974 and carried out further underground testing in 1998. Despite criticism and military sanctions, India has signed neither the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty nor the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, considering both to be flawed and discriminatory.[174] India maintains a "no first use" nuclear policy and is developing a nuclear triad capability as a part of its "minimum credible deterrence" doctrine.[175][176] It is developing a ballistic missile defence shield and, in collaboration with Russia, a fifth-generation fighter jet.[177] Other indigenous military projects involve the design and implementation of Vikrant-class aircraft carriers and Arihant-class nuclear submarines.[177]
Since the end of the Cold War, India has increased its economic, strategic, and military cooperation with the United States and the European Union.[178] In 2008, a civilian nuclear agreement was signed between India and the United States. Although India possessed nuclear weapons at the time and was not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, it received waivers from the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Suppliers Group, ending earlier restrictions on India's nuclear technology and commerce. As a consequence, India became the sixth de facto nuclear weapons state.[179] India subsequently signed cooperation agreements involving civilian nuclear energy with Russia,[180] France,[181] the United Kingdom,[182] and Canada.[183]
The President of India is the supreme commander of the nation's armed forces; with 1.6 million active troops, they compose the world's third-largest military.[184] It comprises the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, and the Indian Air Force; auxiliary organisations include the Strategic Forces Command and three paramilitary groups: the Assam Rifles, the Special Frontier Force, and the Indian Coast Guard.[6] The official Indian defence budget for 2011 was US$36.03 billion, or 1.83% of GDP.[185] For the fiscal year spanning 2012–2013, US$40.44 billion was budgeted.[186] According to a 2008 SIPRI report, India's annual military expenditure in terms of purchasing power stood at US$72.7 billion,[187] In 2011, the annual defence budget increased by 11.6%,[188] although this does not include funds that reach the military through other branches of government.[189] As of 2012, India is the world's largest arms importer; between 2007 and 2011, it accounted for 10% of funds spent on international arms purchases.[190] Much of the military expenditure was focused on defence against Pakistan and countering growing Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean.[188]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of India
According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 2011, the Indian economy is nominally worth US$1.676 trillion; it is the tenth-largest economy by market exchange rates, and is, at US$4.457 trillion, the third-largest by purchasing power parity, or PPP.[192] With its average annual GDP growth rate of 5.8% over the past two decades, and reaching 6.1% during 2011-12,[193] India is one of the world's fastest-growing economies.[194] However, the country ranks 140th in the world in nominal GDP per capita and 129th in GDP per capita at PPP.[192] Until 1991, all Indian governments followed protectionist policies that were influenced by socialist economics. Widespread state intervention and regulation largely walled the economy off from the outside world. An acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 forced the nation to liberalise its economy;[195] since then it has slowly moved towards a free-market system[196][197] by emphasizing both foreign trade and direct investment inflows.[198] India's recent economic model is largely capitalist.[197]
The 487.6-million worker Indian labour force is the world's second-largest.[6] The service sector makes up 55.6% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.3% and the agricultural sector 18.1%. Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and potatoes.[164] Major industries include textiles, telecommunications, chemicals, food processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, and software.[164] In 2006, the share of external trade in India's GDP stood at 24%, up from 6% in 1985.[196] In 2008, India's share of world trade was 1.68%;[199] In 2011, India was the world's tenth-largest importer and the nineteenth-largest exporter.[200] Major exports include petroleum products, textile goods, jewelry, software, engineering goods, chemicals, and leather manufactures.[164] Major imports include crude oil, machinery, gems, fertiliser, and chemicals.[164] Between 2001 and 2011, the contribution of petrochemical and engineering goods to total exports grew from 14% to 42%.[201]
Averaging an economic growth rate of 7.5% during the last few years,[196] India has more than doubled its hourly wage rates during the last decade.[202] Some 431 million Indians have left poverty since 1985; India's middle classes are projected to number around 580 million by 2030.[203] Though ranking 51st in global competitiveness, India ranks 17th in financial market sophistication, 24th in the banking sector, 44th in business sophistication, and 39th in innovation, ahead of several advanced economies.[204] With 7 of the world's top 15 information technology outsourcing companies based in India, the country is viewed as the second-most favourable outsourcing destination after the United States.[205] India's consumer market, currently the world's eleventh-largest, is expected to become fifth-largest by 2030.[203] Its telecommunication industry, the world's fastest-growing, added 227 million subscribers during the period 2010–11.[206] Its automotive industry, the world's second fastest growing, increased domestic sales by 26% during 2009–10,[207] and exports by 36% during 2008–09.[208] Power capacity is 250 gigawatts, of which 8% is renewable.[209]
Despite impressive economic growth during recent decades, India continues to face socio-economic challenges. India contains the largest concentration of people living below the World Bank's international poverty line of US$1.25 per day,[210] the proportion having decreased from 60% in 1981 to 42% in 2005.[211] Half of the children in India are underweight,[212] and 46% of children under the age of three suffer from malnutrition.[210] The Mid-Day Meal Scheme attempts to lower these rates.[213] Since 1991, economic inequality between India's states has consistently grown: the per-capita net state domestic product of the richest states in 2007 was 3.2 times that of the poorest.[214] Corruption in India is perceived to have increased significantly,[215] with one report estimating the illegal capital flows since independence to be US$462 billion.[216] Driven by growth, India's nominal GDP per capita has steadily increased from US$329 in 1991, when economic liberalisation began, to US$1,265 in 2010, and is estimated to increase to US$2,110 by 2016; however, it has always remained lower than those of other Asian developing countries such as Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, and is expected to remain so in the near future.[217]
According to a 2011 PricewaterhouseCoopers report, India's GDP at purchasing power parity could overtake that of the United States by 2045.[218] During the next four decades, Indian GDP is expected to grow at an annualised average of 8%, making it potentially the world's fastest-growing major economy until 2050.[218] The report highlights key growth factors: a young and rapidly growing working-age population; growth in the manufacturing sector due to rising education and engineering skill levels; and sustained growth of the consumer market driven by a rapidly growing middle class.[218] The World Bank cautions that, for India to achieve its economic potential, it must continue to focus on public sector reform, transport infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of labour regulations, education, energy security, and public health and nutrition.[219]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of India
With 1,210,193,422 residents reported in the 2011 provisional census,[4] India is the world's second-most populous country. Its population grew at 1.76% per annum during 2001–2011,[4] down from 2.13% per annum in the previous decade (1991–2001).[220] The human sex ratio, according to the 2011 census, is 940 females per 1,000 males.[4] The median age was 24.9 in the 2001 census.[6] Medical advances made in the last 50 years as well as increased agricultural productivity brought about by the "Green Revolution" have caused India's population to grow rapidly.[221] India continues to face several public health-related challenges.[222][223] According to the World Health Organisation, 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water or breathing polluted air.[224] There are around 50 physicians per 100,000 Indians.[225] The number of Indians living in urban areas has grown by 31.2% between 1991 and 2001.[226] Yet, in 2001, over 70% lived in rural areas.[227][228] According to the 2001 census, there are 27 million-plus cities in India,[226] with Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai being the largest. The literacy rate in 2011 was 74.04%: 65.46% among females and 82.14% among males.[4] Kerala is the most literate state;[229] Bihar the least.[230]
India is home to two major language families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (24%). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman language families. India has no national language.[231] Hindi, with the largest number of speakers, is the official language of the government.[232][233] English is used extensively in business and administration and has the status of a "subsidiary official language";[234] it is important in education, especially as a medium of higher education. Each state and union territory has one or more official languages, and the constitution recognises in particular 21 "scheduled languages". The Constitution of India recognises 212 scheduled tribal groups which together constitute about 7.5% of the country's population.[235] The 2001 census reported that Hinduism, with over 800 million adherents (80.5% of the population), was the largest religion in India; it is followed by Islam (13.4%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.9%), Buddhism (0.8%), Jainism (0.4%), Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Bahá'í Faith.[236] India has the world's largest Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Zoroastrian, and Bahá'í populations,[citation needed] and has the third-largest Muslim population and the largest Muslim population for a non-Muslim majority country.[237][238]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of India
Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years.[239] During the Vedic period (c. 1700–500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as dhárma, kárma, yóga, and mokṣa, were established.[10] India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism among the nation's major religions.[240] The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by various historical schools of thought, including those of the Upanishads,[241] the Yoga Sutras, the Bhakti movement,[240] and by Buddhist philosophy.[242]
Art and architecture[link]
Much of Indian architecture, including the Taj Mahal, other works of Mughal architecture, and South Indian architecture, blends ancient local traditions with imported styles.[243] Vernacular architecture is also highly regional in it flavours. Vastu shastra, literally "science of construction" or "architecture" and ascribed to Mamuni Mayan,[244] explores how the laws of nature affect human dwellings;[245] it employs precise geometry and directional alignments to reflect perceived cosmic constructs.[246] As applied in Hindu temple architecture, it is influenced by the Shilpa Shastras, a series of foundational texts whose basic mythological form is the Vastu-Purusha mandala, a square that embodied the "absolute".[247] The Taj Mahal, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by orders of Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, has been described in the UNESCO World Heritage List as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."[248] Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture, developed by the British in the late 19th century, drew on Indo-Islamic architecture.[249]
Literature[link]
The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit language.[250][251] Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the Mahābhārata and the Ramayana, the dramas of Kālidāsa such as the Abhijñānaśākuntalam (The Recognition of Śakuntalā), and poetry such as the Mahākāvya.[252][253][254] Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in South India, the Sangam literature, consisting of 2,381 poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.[255][256][257][258] From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak. This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval Indian literary works differed significantly from classical traditions.[259] In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions. In the 20th century, Indian literature was influenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist Rabindranath Tagore.[260]
Performing arts[link]
Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles. Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools.[261] Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter. Indian dance also features diverse folk and classical forms. Among the better-known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the bihu of Assam, the chhau of West Bengal and Jharkhand, sambalpuri of Orissa, ghoomar of Rajasthan, and the lavani of Maharashtra. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Orissa, and the sattriya of Assam.[262]
Theatre in India melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.[263] Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of Gujarat, the jatra of West Bengal, the nautanki and ramlila of North India, tamasha of Maharashtra, burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh, terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the yakshagana of Karnataka.[264] The Indian film industry produces the world's most-watched cinema.[265] Established regional cinematic traditions exist in the Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu languages.[266] South Indian cinema attracts more than 75% of national film revenue.[267]
Society[link]
Traditional Indian society is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy. The Indian caste system embodies much of the social stratification and many of the social restrictions found in the Indian subcontinent. Social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jātis, or "castes".[268] Most Dalits ("Untouchables") and members of other lower-caste communities continue to live in segregation and often face persecution and discrimination.[269][270] Traditional Indian family values are highly valued, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm in India, though nuclear families are becoming common in urban areas.[271] An overwhelming majority of Indians, with their consent, have their marriages arranged by their parents or other family members.[272] Marriage is thought to be for life,[272] and the divorce rate is extremely low.[273] Child marriages are common, especially in rural areas; more than half of Indian females wed before reaching 18, which is their legal marriageable age.[274]
Many Indian festivals are religious in origin; among them are Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Thai Pongal, Navaratri, Holi, Durga Puja, Eid ul-Fitr, Bakr-Id, Christmas, and Vaisakhi. India has three national holidays which are observed in all states and union territories: Republic Day, Independence Day, and Gandhi Jayanti. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states. Traditional Indian dress varies in colour and style across regions and depends on various factors, including climate and faith. Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as the sari for women and the dhoti or lungi for men. Stitched clothes, such as the shalwar kameez for women and kurta–pyjama combinations or European-style trousers and shirts for men, are also popular.[275] Use of delicate jewellery, modelled on real flowers worn in ancient India, is part of a tradition dating back some 5,000 years; gemstones are also worn in India as talismans.[276]
Indian cuisine features an unsurpassed reliance on herbs and spices, with dishes often calling for the nuanced usage of a dozen or more condiments;[277] it is also known for its tandoori preparations. The tandoor, a clay oven used in India for almost 5,000 years, grills meats to an "uncommon succulence" and produces the puffy flatbread known as naan.[278] The staple foods are wheat (predominantly in the north),[279] rice (especially in the south and the east), and lentils.[280] Many spices that have worldwide appeal are native to the Indian subcontinent,[281] while chili pepper, native to the Americas and introduced by the Portuguese, is widely used by Indians.[282] Āyurveda, a system of traditional medicine, used six rasas and three guṇas to help describe comestibles.[283] Over time, as Vedic animal sacrifices were supplanted by the notion of sacred-cow inviolability, vegetarianism became associated with high religious status and grew increasingly popular,[284] a trend aided by the rise of Buddhist, Jain, and bhakti Hindu norms.[285] India has the world's highest concentration of vegetarians: a 2006 survey found that 31% of Indians were non-ovo vegetarian.[285] Common traditional eating customs include meals taken on or near the floor, caste- and gender-segregated dining,[286][287] and a lack of cutlery in favour of the right hand or a piece of roti.
Sport[link]
Main article: Sport in India
In India, several traditional indigenous sports remain fairly popular, among them kabaddi, kho kho, pehlwani and gilli-danda. Some of the earliest forms of Asian martial arts, such as kalarippayattu, musti yuddha, silambam, and marma adi, originated in India. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are the highest forms of government recognition for athletic achievement; the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching. Chess, commonly held to have originated in India as chaturaṅga, is regaining widespread popularity with the rise in the number of Indian grandmasters.[288][289] Pachisi, from which parcheesi derives, was played on a giant marble court by Akbar.[290] The improved results garnered by the Indian Davis Cup team and other Indian tennis players in the early 2010s have made tennis increasingly popular in the country.[291] India has a comparatively strong presence in shooting sports, and has won several medals at the Olympics, the World Shooting Championships, and the Commonwealth Games.[292][293] Other sports in which Indians have succeeded internationally include badminton,[294] boxing,[295] and wrestling.[296] Football is popular in West Bengal, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and the north-eastern states.[297]
India's official national sport is field hockey; it is administered by Hockey India. The Indian national hockey team won the 1975 Hockey World Cup and have, as of 2012, taken eight gold, one silver, and two bronze Olympic medals, making it the sport's most successful team. Cricket is by far the most popular sport; the Indian national cricket team won the 1983 and 2011 Cricket World Cup events, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Cricket in India is administered by the Board of Control for Cricket in India, or BCCI; the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy, and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy are domestic competitions. The BCCI conducts a Twenty20 competition known as the Indian Premier League. India has hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events: the 1951 and 1982 Asian Games; the 1987, 1996, and 2011 Cricket World Cup tournaments; the 2003 Afro-Asian Games; the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy; the 2010 Hockey World Cup; and the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Major international sporting events held annually in India include the Chennai Open, the Mumbai Marathon, the Delhi Half Marathon, and the Indian Masters. The first Indian Grand Prix featured in late 2011.[298] India has traditionally been the dominant country at the South Asian Games. An example of this dominance is the basketball competition where Team India won three out of four tournaments to date.[299]
Notes[link]
- ^ "[...] Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it." (Constituent Assembly of India 1950).
- ^ "The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 km2 (1,269,220 sq mi) and the total land area as 3,060,500 km2 (1,181,700 sq mi); the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) and total land area as 2,973,190 km2 (1,147,960 sq mi)." (Library of Congress 2004).
- ^ See also: Official names of India.
- ^ The Government of India regards Afghanistan as a bordering country, as it considers all of Kashmir to be part of India. However, this is disputed, and the region bordering Afghanistan is administered by Pakistan. Source: "Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)" (DOC). http://mha.nic.in/docs/BM_Intro(E).doc. Retrieved 1 September 2008. .
- ^ The northernmost point under Indian control is the disputed Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir; however, the Government of India regards the entire region of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, including the Northern Areas administered by Pakistan, to be its territory. It therefore assigns the longitude 37° 6' to its northernmost point.
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- ^ United States Department of Agriculture.
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References[link]
Overview
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- Sripati, V. (1998), "Toward Fifty Years of Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights in India: Looking Back to See Ahead (1950–2000)", American University International Law Review 14 (2): 413–496
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Geography
- Ali, J. R.; Aitchison, J. C. (2005), "Greater India", Earth-Science Reviews 72 (3–4): 170–173, DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005
- Chang, J. H. (1967), "The Indian Summer Monsoon", Geographical Review 57 (3): 373–396, DOI:10.2307/212640
- (PDF) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made in 1988, Department of Environment and Forests, Government of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1988, http://forest.and.nic.in/fca1980.pdf, retrieved 25 July 2011
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Biodiversity
- Ali, S.; Ripley, S. D.; Dick, J. H. (15 August 1996), A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd ed.), Mumbai: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-563732-8
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- Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Ministry of Environments and Forests, Government of India, 9 September 1972, http://envfor.nic.in/legis/wildlife/wildlife1.html, retrieved 25 July 2011
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- (PDF) The List of Wetlands of International Importance, The Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands, 4 June 2007, p. 18, archived from the original on 21 June 2007, http://web.archive.org/web/20070621011113/http://www.ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf, retrieved 20 June 2007
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Politics
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- Dutt, S. (1998), "Identities and the Indian State: An Overview", Third World Quarterly 19 (3): 411–434, DOI:10.1080/01436599814325
- Echeverri-Gent, J. (January 2002), "Politics in India's Decentred Polity", in Ayres, A.; Oldenburg, P., Quickening the Pace of Change, India Briefing, London: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 19–53, ISBN 978-0-7656-0812-3
- "Current Recognised Parties" (PDF), Election Commission of India, 14 March 2009, http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/Symbols_Sep_2009.pdf, retrieved 5 July 2010
- Gledhill, A. (30 March 1970), The Republic of India: The Development of its Laws and Constitution, Greenwood, ISBN 978-0-8371-2813-9, http://books.google.com/books?id=cHAjPQAACAAJ, retrieved 21 July 2011
- Narasimha Rao Passes Away, The Hindu, 24 December 2004, http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/24/stories/2004122408870100.htm, retrieved 2 November 2008
- Mathew, K. M. (1 January 2003), Manorama Yearbook, Malayala Manorama, ISBN 978-81-900461-8-3, http://books.google.com/books?id=jDaLQwAACAAJ, retrieved 21 July 2011
- "National Symbols of India", Know India (National Informatics Centre, Government of India), http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php, retrieved 27 September 2009
- Neuborne, B. (2003), "The Supreme Court of India", International Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (1): 476–510, DOI:10.1093/icon/1.3.476
- Pylee, M. V. (2003), "The Longest Constitutional Document", Constitutional Government in India (2nd ed.), S. Chand, ISBN 978-81-219-2203-6, http://books.google.com/?id=veDUJCjr5U4C
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- Sinha, A. (2004), "The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India", India Review 3 (1): 25–63, DOI:10.1080/14736480490443085
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Foreign relations and military
- Alford, P. (7 July 2008), G8 Plus 5 Equals Power Shift, The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/g8-plus-5-equals-power-shift/story-e6frg6t6-1111116838759, retrieved 21 November 2009
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- Pandit, R. (27 July 2009), N-Submarine to Give India Crucial Third Leg of Nuke Triad, The Times of India, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-27/india/28212143_1_nuclear-powered-submarine-ins-arihant-nuclear-submarine, retrieved 10 March 2010
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- India, France Agree on Civil Nuclear Cooperation, Rediff, 25 January 2008, http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jan/25france.htm, retrieved 22 August 2010
- UK, India Sign Civil Nuclear Accord, Reuters, 13 February 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/02/13/us-india-britain-nuclear-idUSTRE61C21E20100213?type=politicsNews, retrieved 22 August 2010
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- Rothermund, D. (17 October 2000), The Routledge Companion to Decolonization, Routledge Companions to History (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-35632-9, http://books.google.com/books?id=ez37H0UPt_YC
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- Shukla, A. (5 March 2011), China Matches India's Expansion in Military Spending, Business Standard, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/china-matches-india%5Cs-expansion-in-military-spending/427365/, retrieved 6 July 2011
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- "SIPRI Yearbook 2008: Armaments, Disarmament, and International Security", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Oxford University Press), 8 August 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-954895-8, http://books.google.com/books?id=EAyQ9KCJE2gC&pg=PA178, retrieved 22 July 2011
- "Rise in international arms transfers is driven by Asian demand, says SIPRI", Stockholm International Peace Research Initiative, 19 March 2012, http://www.sipri.org/media/pressreleases/rise-in-international-arms-transfers-is-driven-by-asian-demand-says-sipri, retrieved 26 March 2012
- India, US Sign 123 Agreement, The Times of India, 11 October 2008, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-11/india/27905286_1_indian-nuclear-market-sign-landmark-civil-nuclear-field, retrieved 21 July 2011
Economy
- Alamgir, J. (24 December 2008), India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-415-77684-4, http://books.google.com/books?id=JL7QfWJ5Yk0C, retrieved 23 July 2011
- Bonner, B (20 March 2010), Make Way, World. India Is on the Move, Christian Science Monitor, http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/The-Daily-Reckoning/2010/0320/Make-way-world.-India-is-on-the-move, retrieved 23 July 2011
- "India Lost $462bn in Illegal Capital Flows, Says Report", BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation), 18 November 2010, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11782795, retrieved 23 July 2011
- "India Second Fastest Growing Auto Market After China", Business Line, 9 April 2010, http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/article988689.ece?ref=archive, retrieved 23 July 2011
- India's Economy: Not Just Rubies and Polyester Shirts, The Economist, 8 October 2011, http://www.economist.com/node/21531527, retrieved 9 October 2011
- "Indian Car Exports Surge 36%", Express India, 13 October 2009, http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Indian-car-exports-surge-36/528633/, retrieved 23 July 2011
- Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, International Monetary Fund, April 2011, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=20&pr.y=6&sy=1991&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=548%2C566%2C524%2C578%2C534%2C536%2C429&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=, retrieved 23 July 2011
- Farrell, D.; Beinhocker, E. (19 May 2007), Next Big Spenders: India's Middle Class, McKinsey & Company, http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/mginews/bigspenders.asp, retrieved 17 September 2011
- Gargan, E. A. (15 August 1992), India Stumbles in Rush to a Free Market Economy, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/15/world/india-stumbles-in-rush-to-a-free-market-economy.html, retrieved 22 July 2011
- (PDF) World Economic Outlook Update, International Monetary Fund, June 2011, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/update/02/pdf/0611.pdf, retrieved 22 July 2011
- Nayak, P. B.; Goldar, B.; Agrawal, P. (10 November 2010), India's Economy and Growth: Essays in Honour of V. K. R. V. Rao, SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-81-321-0452-0, http://books.google.com/books?id=N1Ho2SGXUHwC
- Olson, R. G. (21 December 2009), "Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations", Praeger Series on the Ancient World (Praeger), ISBN 978-0-275-98936-1, http://books.google.com/books?id=0vP50ra6SYAC, retrieved 27 September 2011
- (PDF) Economic Survey of India 2007: Policy Brief, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, October 2007, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/52/39452196.pdf, retrieved 22 July 2011
- Pal, P.; Ghosh, J. (July 2007), "Inequality in India: A Survey of Recent Trends" (PDF), Economic and Social Affairs: DESA Working Paper No. 45 (United Nations), http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2007/wp45_2007.pdf, retrieved 23 July 2011
- (PDF) The World in 2050: The Accelerating Shift of Global Economic Power: Challenges and Opportunities, PricewaterhouseCoopers, January2011, http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/world-2050/pdf/world-in-2050-jan-2011.pdf, retrieved 23 July 2011
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- Sheth, N. (28 May 2009), "Outlook for Outsourcing Spending Brightens", The Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124344190542659025.html#articleTabs_comments%3D%26articleTabs%3Darticle, retrieved 3 October 2010
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- Exporters Get Wider Market Reach, The Times of India, 28 August 2009, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-28/india-business/28205417_1_strategies-and-policy-measures-foreign-trade-policy-focus-market-scheme, retrieved 23 July 2011
- (PDF) Corruption Perception Index 2010—India Continues to be Corrupt, Transparency International, 26 October 2011, http://transparencyindia.org/resource/press_release/Corruption%20Perception%20Index%20(CPI)%202010.pdf, retrieved 23 July 2011
- New Global Poverty Estimates—What It Means for India, World Bank, http://www.worldbank.org.in/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/INDIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21880725~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:295584,00.html, retrieved 23 July 2011
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Demographics
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- Mallikarjun, B (November 2004), "Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi—The Official Language of India", Language in India 4 (11), ISSN 19302940, http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/mallikarjunmalaysiapaper1.html, retrieved 24 July 2011
- Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, 27 April 1960, http://rajbhasha.nic.in/enpres-1960.htm, retrieved 13 May 2011
- "Religious Composition", Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India), 2010–2011, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx, retrieved 23 July 2011
- "Census Data 2001", Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India), 2010–2011, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/National_Summary/National_Summary_DataPage.aspx, retrieved 22 July 2011
- Ottenheimer, H. J. (2008), The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology, Cengage, ISBN 978-0-495-50884-7, http://books.google.com/books?id=d4QHsORbZs4C
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External links[link]
- National Portal of the Government of India
- India at the Open Directory Project
- India travel guide from Wikitravel
- India at the UCB Government Information Library
Coordinates: 21°N 78°E / 21°N 78°E / 21; 78
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Aishwarya Rai | |
|---|---|
 Aishwarya Rai in Cannes film festival 2012 |
|
| Born | Aishwarya Rai (1973-11-01) 1 November 1973 (age 38)[1] Mangalore, Karnataka, India |
| Residence | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India[2] |
| Other names | Aishwarya Rai Bachchan |
| Occupation | actor, model |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Spouse | Abhishek Bachchan (2007–present) |
| Children | Aaradhya Bachchan |
| Signature | 150px |
Aishwarya Rai, known also as Aishwarya Rai Bachchan after her marriage[3] (Tulu pronunciation [əjɕʋərjaː rəj]; born 1 November 1973) is an Indian film actress. She worked as a model before starting her acting career, and ultimately won the Miss World pageant in 1994. Rai has featured in films in various languages including Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, and Bengali.
Often cited by the media as the "most beautiful woman in the world",[4][5][6] Rai made her acting debut with Mani Ratnam's Tamil film Iruvar (1997), and had her first commercial success in Jeans (1998). She found success in Bollywood with Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999) and Devdas (2002) and eventually won two Filmfare Awards in the Best Actress category.
After a series of unsuccessful films during 2003–2005, she appeared in the blockbuster action thriller Dhoom 2 (2006) and subsequently featured in such films as Guru (2007), Jodhaa Akbar (2008), and Enthiran (2010). She gained critical acclaim for her performances in offbeat, independent films such as Chokher Bali (2003), Raincoat (2004), and Provoked (2007).[7][8] Rai has thus established herself as one of the leading contemporary actresses of Indian cinema.[9][10]
Rai's off-screen roles include duties as brand ambassador for various charity organisations and campaigns. She is married to fellow actor Abhishek Bachchan, son of actors Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan. In 2009 she was honoured with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award given by the Government of India.
Contents |
Early life and background[link]
Rai was born into an ethnic Bunt[11] family in Mangalore, Karnataka.[12] Her father, Krishnaraj, was a marine biologist, while her mother, Brindya, is a housewife.[1] She has one elder brother, Aditya Rai, who is an engineer in the merchant navy. He co-produced one of her movies, Dil Ka Rishta (2003).[13]
The family moved to Mumbai, where Rai attended the Arya Vidya Mandir High School.[1] Rai did her intermediate schooling at Jai Hind College for a year,[14] and then joined DG Ruparel College[15] in Matunga, securing 90 percent in the HSC exams.[1][16] She trained in classical dance and music for five years during her teens.[16] Her favourite subject was zoology, so she initially considered a career in medicine.[16] With plans to become an architect, she enrolled at Raheja College, but later gave up her education to pursue a career in modelling.[14]
Modelling career[link]
One of her earliest modelling assignment was, when she was in the ninth grade, for Camlin Pencils.[16] One of her professors at Jai Hind College took pictures of her which were published in a fashion magazine.[17] In 1991 Rai took part in the Ford Supermodel Contest and also appeared in Vogue Magazine.[15] She has been on the cover of Vogue three times.[18]
Rai became popular after appearing in a Pepsi commercial with actor Aamir Khan.[16] She modelled for Longines watches, Coca-Cola,[19] Lakmé Cosmetics, Casio pager, Philips, Palmolive,[17] Lux, and Fuji films.[20] She continued to model while pursuing her studies in architecture.[1][17] She was named the official brand ambassador for De Beers diamonds in India.[20]
In the 1994 Miss India contest, she won second place, behind Sushmita Sen, and was crowned Miss India World.[21] She went on to win the Miss World[22] title the same year, where she also won the Miss Photogenic award.[23] After winning the pageant, she gave up her studies and spent one year reigning as Miss World in London.[21] Rai continued to pursue a career as a model until she became an actress.[24]
Acting career[link]
Early work (1997–98)[link]
Rai made her acting debut in Mani Ratnam's Tamil biopic film Iruvar (1997), where she worked alongside Mohanlal.[25] The film was a critical success and won many awards, including Best Film award at the Belgrade International Film Festival,[26] and two National Film Awards.[26] Rai appeared in dual roles, one of which was a depiction of political leader and former actress J. Jayalalithaa.[27] Rai made her Bollywood debut in the film in Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya, opposite Bobby Deol, which released the same year; the film was unsuccessful at the box office.[28] Her third project, Jeans (1998), a high-budget Tamil film directed by S. Shankar, was a commercial success. The film included the song "Poovukkul", written by Vairamuthu, in which Rai's character is compared to the seven wonders of the world and described as the eighth.[29][30] The film was India's official entry to the Academy Awards in that year.[31]
Success (1999–2002)[link]
In 1999 Rai starred in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, opposite Salman Khan and Ajay Devgan.[32] The film had Rai playing Nandini, who is forced to marry Devgan despite being in love with another man (Khan). Her husband tries to help her locate her previous love, and his caring attention eventually wins her over. Rai's portrayal won her critical acclaim, with a review on Rediff.com stating, "Aishwarya looks beautiful as usual ... This film will most likely draw her accolades from all over, may be even get her recognised as an actress the way Manisha Koirala did in Khamoshi. In many scenes, there is no trace of makeup and she looks very fresh".[33] The film was her first box office success in Bollywood, and earned her a Filmfare Best Actress Award.[34]
In the same year she appeared in Subhash Ghai's Taal,[35] in which she played Mansi, a young village woman who becomes a big pop star after being hurt by her lover, played by Akshay Khanna. The film was an average grosser in India but was a big success outside India, especially in the United States, where it became the first Indian film in the top 20 on Variety's box office list.[36] Her performance was praised, with a reviewer from Rediff.com writing, "After being praised for her looks and acting talent in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, Aishwarya has excelled in Taal. She looks ethereal and unlike the former film, has a very sober and soft role. Though she looks pained and tragic in most of the film, she does a good job of a woman who is very protective of her father and one who doesn't think twice before rejecting a lover who has insulted her father."[37] She received another Best Actress nomination from the Filmfare Awards for her work in the film.[38]
In 2000 she appeared in Mansoor Khan's Josh alongside Shahrukh Khan and Chandrachur Singh, in which she plays a Catholic named Shirley who falls in love with the sibling of her brother's enemy.[39] The film was a commercial success.[40] Later that year she appeared in Satish Kaushik's Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai, opposite Anil Kapoor. It was a moderate success, and her performance earned her a Filmfare Best Actress Award nomination.[41] Later that year she played a supporting role in Aditya Chopra's Mohabbatein, alongside Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan. The second-highest grosser of the year, the film was a major commercial success, and earned her a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award nomination.[41][42] Later that year, she starred in the Tamil film Kandukondain Kandukondain, alongside Mammooty, Ajith Kumar, and Tabu. Rai plays Tabu's younger sibling, a dreamer at heart, whose hopes come crashing down when she discovers she's been cheated by her lover.[43] Directed by Rajiv Menon, the movie was a successful venture commercially.[7][44]
In 2002 Rai appeared alongside Shahrukh Khan and Madhuri Dixit in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Devdas, an adaptation of Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel of the same name.[45] She played the role of Paro (Parvati), the love interest of the protagonist, played by Khan. The film received a special screening at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.[46] It became the highest-grossing film of the year in India and overseas, earning a revenue of Rs 390 million domestically.[47][48] Devdas won numerous awards, including 10 Filmfare Awards, and Rai received her second Filmfare Best Actress Award for her performance.[49]
Professional setback (2003–05)[link]
In 2003 she acted in Rituparno Ghosh's Bengali film Chokher Bali, an adaptation of Rabindranath Tagore's novel of the same name.[50] She portrays the character of a young woman called Binodini,[51] who is left on her own when her sickly husband dies soon after they are married.[52] Rai's performance in the film was well-received by critics, with "Derek Elley" from Variety writing, "Rai dominates the film with her delicately sensual presence and physical grace".[53] The film was critically acclaimed and did well at the box office,[54][55] That year she appeared in the Bollywood film Dil Ka Rishta, with Arjun Rampal, and Rohan Sippy's Kuch Na Kaho, alongside Abhishek Bachchan,[56] neither of which fared well at the box office.[56][57]
In 2004 she appeared alongside Martin Henderson in Bride and Prejudice, Gurinder Chadha's Bollywood-style English adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. She played Lalita Bakshi, the film's version of Austen's character Elizabeth Bennet. Based on 131 reviews, the film has a rating of 64 percent at the review website Rotten Tomatoes.[58] She played a negative role for the first time in Rajkumar Santoshi's Khakee, which also featured Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar, Ajay Devgan, and Jayapradha. The film was a box office success.[59] In the same year she worked with director Rituparno Ghosh for the second time, in Raincoat, where she starred alongside Ajay Devgan. The film was highly acclaimed by critics, with Rai receiving rave reviews for her performance.[60] The Hindu commented "Raincoat can easily be Aishwarya Rai's best performance, and as Neerja, the former beauty queen appears to have shed her inhibitions about looking unglamorous. What is more, she seems to have made an earnest effort to emote, using less of her body and limbs and more of her face, and eyes in particular".[61]
In 2005 she appeared in Shabd, a film based on a love triangle, alongside Sanjay Dutt and Zayed Khan. The film was unsuccessful at the box office; it received average reviews from critics.[62] Her next release was Paul Mayeda Berges's The Mistress of Spices, based on the novel of the same name by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni,[63] in which she starred alongside Dylan McDermott.[64] The film received negative reviews from critics,[65] and was a commercial failure.[66] The same year she made a special appearance in a hugely popular seven-minute dance sequence for the song "Kajra Re", with Amitabh Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan, in Shaad Ali's Bunty Aur Babli.[67]
Recent work (2006–present)[link]
In 2006 Rai portrayed the title role in J P Dutta's Umrao Jaan, the story of a courtesan and poetess from 19th-century Lucknow. The movie is the second adaptation of the Urdu novel Umrao Jaan Ada (1905), by Mirza Hadi Ruswa. Rai's work received mixed reviews, and the film was a critical and commercial failure. Critics particularly felt the new version is poor when compared to the acclaimed 1981 version by Muzaffar Ali, which starred Rekha in the title role. BBC critic Poonam Joshi wrote, "While only Aishwarya could emulate the grace and poise of Rekha, she doesn't quite capture the intensity of Umrao's abiding melancholy", commenting that "her incandescent beauty and artistry... does indeed keep the audience watching, though not necessarily emotionally engaged."[68] Later that year she appeared as a master thief, Sunheri, in the Yash Raj Films production of Dhoom 2, directed by Sanjay Gadhvi. The ensemble cast included Hrithik Roshan, Abhishek Bachchan, Bipasha Basu, and Uday Chopra. The movie was a blockbuster, and became the highest grossing film of the year in India, earning revenues of over Rs 770 million domestically.[69] A controversy arose regarding a scene containing a kiss between her and Hrithik Roshan.[70] Rai's performance received mostly negative reviews, with a reviewer on Rediff.com writing, "Ash's character too is all gloss and no depth. You seldom feel any tension in her behaviour and expressions as she accompanies the master thief on potentially dangerous missions. Sunehri enters the film nearly 50 minutes after its opening in a disguise. In no time, she is wearing the flimsiest of clothes. Once she opens her mouth—and she does it two minutes after appearing in the film—she spoils the image. There is no sensuality any more, and half an hour later, one wonders what made the master thief fall for her."[71] Nonetheless, her performance earned her a sixth nomination for Filmfare Best Actress Award.
In 2007 she appeared in Mani Ratnam's Guru as Sujata. Speculated to be based on the life of Indian businessman Dhirubhai Ambani, it is a rag to riches story about an ambitious small-town man who ends up as the owner of the biggest corporation in India. The film premièred at the Elgin Theatre in Toronto, Canada, the first Indian film to have a mainstream international premiere in that country.[72][73] The film was critically acclaimed, and performed well at the box office.[74] Critical reception for Rai was mixed. While Nikhat Kazmi from The Times of India wrote that she is "just okay, and fails to register the growth in her character", Rediff.com's Raja Sen described it as "arguably her finest performance, visible especially when she takes over the film's climax."[75][76] Rai received her seventh Filmfare nomination for Best Actress for her performance. In the same year she starred alongside Naveen Andrews and Miranda Richardson in Jag Mundhra's British film Provoked, as Kiranjit Ahluwalia, an Non-resident Indian woman who kills her abusive husband after facing severe domestic violence. Rai received mostly positive reviews for her portrayal. It was screened in the Marché du Film Cannes Film Market during the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Ahluwalia sat next to Rai during the screening, reportedly holding her hand and sobbing during the most violent scenes.[77] In the same year Rai appeared as a warrior from Kerala named Mira in Doug Lefler's epic film The Last Legion, alongside Sir Ben Kingsley, Colin Firth, and Thomas Sangster. The film was a critical failure.[78]
In 2008 Rai starred alongside Hrithik Roshan in Ashutosh Gowariker's historical drama Jodhaa Akbar. The story is a partly fictionalised account of the life of Muslim Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, played by Roshan, and his Hindu wife Jodha Bai, played by Rai. The film was a critical and commercial success, earning revenues of over Rs 590 million domestically. Rai's performance in the film was praised by critics, with Rajeev Masand writing, "Aishwarya Rai is wonderfully restrained and uses her eyes expertly to communicate so much, making this one of her finest outings on screen".[79] She earned her eighth nomination for Best Actress at the Filmfare Awards for her performance. Later that year she co-starred with husband Abhishek Bachchan and father-in-law Amitabh Bachchan in Ram Gopal Verma's Sarkar Raj, a sequel to his previous film, Sarkar.[80] She plays the CEO of a major power company that is proposing a new power plant in rural Maharashtra. The film was a critical and commercial success.[81][82]
In 2009 she appeared in Harald Zwart's spy comedy film The Pink Panther 2, playing the role of criminology expert Sonia Solandres. Like its predecessor, the sequel received negative reviews from critics,[83] and did a moderate business of $34,590,360 at the U.S box office.[84] In 2010 she collaborated with Mani Ratnam for a bilingual project, two films featuring Rai portraying a character based on the goddess Sita. The films were shot simultaneously, with Rai's role being one of the only roles which were played by the same performer in both versions. Upon release, the project received mixed reviews. Though both her portrayals of Ragini were praised, the Hindi version—Raavan, alongside Abhishek Bachchan—failed commercially, whilst the Tamil version—Raavanan—was successful. The Hindi version of the film got decent reviews in various US media, including the New York Times and Los Angeles Times, with the former saying, "Raavan has Bollywood glamour aplenty, with the lovely if occasionally dramatically challenged Aishwarya Rai Bachchan", and the latter describing Rai as a scene-stealer.[85]
Rai paired with Rajinikanth in the science fiction Tamil film Enthiran (2010), directed by S. Shankar.[86] The film—the most expensive ever made in India—was released worldwide in 2010, and is the highest-grossing Indian film when all its versions are totalled.[87][88][89] She appeared in Vipul Shah's Action Replayy opposite Akshay Kumar, which received mixed reviews from critics. Rai's final release in 2010 was Guzaarish, her third collaboration with director Sanjay Leela Bhansali and actor Hrithik Roshan. The film tells the story of Ethan Mascarenhas (Roshan), a former magician who has been quadriplegic for twelve years; after years of struggle he files an appeal to the court for euthanasia. Rai played Ethan's strict, devoted, and supportive nurse Sophie D'Souza. The film opened to positive reviews, and Rai's portrayal was praised. According to Nikhat Kazmi, "Aishwarya is a stunning picture of fire and grace, walking away with certain scenes by her sheer vitality."[90][91] In 2011 she received her ninth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. As of May 2011, she is set to appear in Rajkumar Santoshi's next film, Ladies and Gentlemen, along with Abhishek Bachchan,[92] and in Madhur Bhandarkar's next directorial venture, Heroine.[93] The shooting of both films was postponed, due to Rai's pregnancy.[94][95] She will not appear in Heroine, which is going forward with Kareena Kapoor.[96]
Social work[link]
In 1999 Rai participated in a world tour called the Magnificent Five, along with Aamir Khan, Rani Mukerji, Akshaye Khanna, and Twinkle Khanna.[97] In the same year, she was appointed as Longines Ambassador of Elegance.[98] In 2003 she became the first Indian actress to be a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival.[99] In 2003 she became a global brand ambassador of L'Oréal, alongside Andie MacDowell, Eva Longoria, and Penélope Cruz.[100][101] Rai is the brand ambassador for The Eye Bank Association of India's nationwide campaign to promote eye donation in India.[102] In 2005 she became a brand ambassador for Pulse Polio, a campaign established by the Government of India in 1994 to eradicate polio in India.[103] In the same year, Rai was appointed spokesperson for the International Year of Microcredit, raising awareness of the main goals and priorities of the United Nations' poverty alleviation efforts.[104][105]
In February 2005 Rai performed alongside other Bollywood stars at the HELP! Telethon Concert, an event to raise money for the victims of the 2004 tsunami earthquake.[106] Along with other members of the Bachchan family, she laid the foundation of a special school for underprivileged girls in Daulatpur village in Uttar Pradesh in 2008. Construction is being funded by the Bachchan family, and the school will be named after Rai.[107] She appeared along with various other Bollywood actors at the closing ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. The performance showcased Indian culture as a lead-up to India hosting the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[108]
In 2009 Rai was appointed as the first Goodwill Ambassador of Smile Train, an international charity that provides free Cleft lip and palate surgery to children in need. Her work with Smile Train will focus not only on India, but on 76 different developing countries around the world.[109][110]
Personal life[link]
In 1999 Aishwarya began dating Bollywood actor Salman Khan; their relationship was often reported in the media until the couple separated in 2001. Rai cited "abuse (verbal, physical and emotional), infidelity and indignity" on the part of Khan as reasons for ending the relationship.[111] In a 2009 Times of India article, Khan denied ever beating her: "It's not true that I hit a woman."[112]
Rai is married to actor Abhishek Bachchan, they met in 1997.[18] Their engagement was announced on 14 January 2007 and later confirmed by his father, Amitabh Bachchan.[113] The couple married on 20 April 2007 according to traditional Hindu rites of the Bunt community, to which she belongs.[114] Token North Indian and Bengali ceremonies were also performed. The wedding took place in a private ceremony at the Bachchan residence, "Prateeksha", in Juhu, Mumbai.[114] They have been described as a supercouple in the Indian media.[115][116] Rai is very close to her family and lived with them in Bandra, Mumbai, until her marriage.[117][118] Rai is Hindu and deeply religious.[4]
Rai gave birth to a baby girl on 16 November 2011.[119] Her daughter became quite popular by the name of "Beti B" which was christened by the fans and the media, since the couple took over four months to name their daughter. The baby girl was finally named as Aaradhya Bachchan in March 2012.[120]
Awards and honours[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Aishwarya Rai
Aishwarya Rai is a two-time winner of the Filmfare Best Actress Award, and has been nominated for Filmfare Awards eleven times.[41][121] She has won numerous times at the International Indian Film Academy Awards, Star Screen Awards, Zee Cine Awards, and others. In 2009 Rai was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest Indian civilian award, for her contributions to Indian cinema.[122] In 2001 Forbes named Rai among the top five Indian movie stars.[123] In a reader poll conducted by UK's Hello! magazine, she was voted "the most attractive woman of 2003".[124] In the same year, Rai appeared in Rolling Stone magazine's annual "Hot List".[125] In 2004 she was chosen by TIME magazine as one of the world's most influential people, and appeared on the cover of its 2003 Asia edition.[126][127][128] In October 2004 a wax figure of Rai was put on display in London's Madame Tussaud's wax museum.[129] She was the sixth Indian and the second Bollywood personality—after her father-in-law, Amitabh Bachchan—to get this honour. In 2007 the same figure was displayed at Madame Tussaud's Museum in Times Square in New York.[130]
In 2005 she was the subject of a 60 Minutes profile on 2 January, which said that "at least according to thousands of Web sites, Internet polls and even Julia Roberts", she was "the world's most beautiful woman".[4] The same year, a tulip in the Netherlands was named "Aishwarya Rai" after her.[131] Also in 2005, Mattel released a limited edition of Barbie dolls of Aishwarya Rai in the United Kingdom.[132] The British magazine Maxim ranked Rai first on their list of "Hottest Women of India".[133]
Rai appeared on such shows as Late Show with David Letterman, and was the first Bollywood personality to appear on Oprah's "Women Across the Globe" segment. In 2005 Harpers and Queen's list of "Most Beautiful Women in The World" ranked her ninth.[134] In May 2006 Aishwarya was featured in People Magazine as one of the "World's Most Beautiful People".[135] The UK magazine Eastern Eye ranked her third in the list of "Asia's Sexiest Women" in 2006,[136] and she was ranked eighth in 2009.[137] In 2008 American television channel E!: Entertainment listed Aishwarya's eyes as the sexiest on their Sexiest Body Parts list.[138] In 2009 she made appearances on Martha Stewart's show Martha and on the The Tyra Banks Show.[139][140] In the same year Forbes listed Rai at 387th out of 1,411 actors on their list of the most bankable stars in Hollywood. She is the highest-ranked Indian actor on the list.[141][142]
In 2009, Rai refused to accept the second-highest Order Of France, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as her father was suffering from a serious illness, and she wanted her whole family to attend the award ceremony.[143] She is the fourth Indian actor—after Sivaji Ganesan, Nandita Das, and Shahrukh Khan—to be chosen for the award. Amitabh Bachchan was chosen for another Order Of France, the Legion of Honour.[144] In June 2009 she was declared the Female Star of The Decade at the tenth International Indian Film Academy Awards, held in Macau.[145] In December 2010 she was declared the "Actress of the Decade" at the BIG Star Entertainment Awards.[146] In March 2011 Rai was honoured by Karnataka Chief Minister B. S. Yeddyurappa at World Kannada Meet (Vishwa Kannada Sammelana) for her contributions to the arts.[147] Later that month she was presented with the "Decade of Global Achievement Honour" by FICCI.[148] She attended the 83rd Academy Awards, along with her husband, Abhishek.[149]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Language | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Iruvar | Tamil | Pushpavalli / Kalpana | Dubbed into Telugu as Iddaru |
| 1997 | Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya | Hindi | Ashi Kapoor | |
| 1998 | Jeans | Tamil | Madhumita | Dubbed into Telugu and Hindi with the same title |
| 1999 | Aa Ab Laut Chalen | Hindi | Pooja | |
| 1999 | Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam | Hindi | Nandini | Filmfare Best Actress Award |
| 1999 | Ravoyi Chandamama | Telugu | Special appearance | |
| 1999 | Taal | Hindi | Mansi | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award Dubbed into Tamil as Thaalam |
| 2000 | Mela | Hindi | Champakali | Guest appearance |
| 2000 | Kandukondain Kandukondain | Tamil | Meenakshi Bala | Dubbed into Telugu as Priyuralu Pilichindi |
| 2000 | Josh | Hindi | Shirley | |
| 2000 | Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai | Hindi | Preeti Virat | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award |
| 2000 | Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke | Hindi | Sahiba Grewal | |
| 2000 | Mohabbatein | Hindi | Megha | Nominated—Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award |
| 2001 | Albela | Hindi | Sonia | |
| 2002 | Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam | Hindi | Suman | Guest appearance |
| 2002 | Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin | Hindi | Komal Rastogi | |
| 2002 | 23 March 1931: Shaheed | Hindi | Special appearance | |
| 2002 | Devdas | Hindi | Parvati (Paro) | Filmfare Best Actress Award |
| 2002 | Shakti: The Power | Hindi | Herself | Special appearance in song "Ishq Kamina" |
| 2003 | Chokher Bali | Bengali | Binodhini | |
| 2003 | Dil Ka Rishta | Hindi | Tia Sharma | |
| 2003 | Kuch Naa Kaho | Hindi | Namrata Shrivastav | |
| 2004 | Bride & Prejudice | English | Lalita Bakshi | Dubbed into Hindi as Balle Balle Amritsar to LA |
| 2004 | Khakee | Hindi | Mahalakshmi | |
| 2004 | Kyun...! Ho Gaya Na | Hindi | Diya Malhotra | |
| 2004 | Raincoat | Hindi | Neerja | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award |
| 2005 | Shabd | Hindi | Antara Vashist/Tammana | |
| 2005 | Bunty Aur Babli | Hindi | Special appearance in the song "Kajra Re" | |
| 2005 | Mistress of Spices | English | Tilo | |
| 2006 | Umrao Jaan | Hindi | Umrao Jaan | |
| 2006 | Dhoom 2 | Hindi | Sunehri | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award |
| 2007 | Guru | Hindi | Sujata | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award Dubbed into Tamil as Guru and Telugu as Gurukanth |
| 2007 | Provoked | English | Kiranjit Ahluwalia | Dubbed into Hindi with the same title |
| 2007 | The Last Legion | English | Mira | |
| 2008 | Jodhaa Akbar | Hindi | Jodhaa Bai | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award Dubbed into Tamil and Telugu with the same title |
| 2008 | Sarkar Raj | Hindi | Anita Rajan | |
| 2009 | The Pink Panther 2 | English | Sonia Solandres | Dubbed into French as La Pantera Rosa 2 |
| 2010 | Raavan | Hindi | Ragini Sharma | |
| 2010 | Raavanan | Tamil | Ragini Subramaniam | Dubbed into Telugu as Villain |
| 2010 | Enthiran | Tamil | Sana | Dubbed into Telugu as Robo and Hindi as Robot |
| 2010 | Action Replayy | Hindi | Mala | |
| 2010 | Guzaarish | Hindi | Sofia D'Souza | Nominated—Filmfare Best Actress Award |
See also[link]
References[link]
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- ^ "'Heroine' Kareena's costumes worth Rs 1.2cr". Hindustan Times. 27 September 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Heroine-Kareena-s-costumes-worth-Rs-1-2cr/Article1-750771.aspx. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ^ "Magnificent Five". Elite Entertainment (bollywoodconcerts.com). http://www.bollywoodconcerts.com/preshowdetails.php?preshow=16. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
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- ^ "Aishwarya Bachchan Rai". http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1013233/Aishwarya-Bachchan. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
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- ^ S. Shankar (16 February 2004). Almost White. Outlook. http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?222938. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
- ^ "Ash appeal fails to boost eye donation drive". The Times Of India. 24 August 2003. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/145221.cms. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ "Actress Rai backs polio campaign". BBC News. 22 August 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4172970.stm. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
- ^ "Whosinvolved". yearofmicrocredit. http://www.yearofmicrocredit.org/pages/whosinvolved/whosinvolved_patronsgroup_aishwarya.asp.
- ^ "Bollywood Star Aishwarya Rai to Serve as Spokesperson for the International Year of Microcredit". United Nations Capital Development Fund. http://www.uncdf.org/english/microfinance/pubs/newsletter/pages/2005_06/year_update.php#a6. Retrieved 13 June 2005.
- ^ "Bollywood unites to present caring face". The Telegraph (Kolkota, India). 8 February 2005. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050208/asp/nation/story_4351693.asp. Retrieved 8 February 2006.
- ^ "Bachchans to build girls school in name of Aishwarya Rai Bachchan". http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?a=21101&z=4. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
- ^ "Bollywood's taste of Delhi 2010". melbourne2006.com. 26 March 2006. http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/M2006/Homepage+News/20060326+Bollywood+taste+of+Delhi+2010.htm. Retrieved 22 April 2006.
- ^ "Aishwarya appointed 'Smile Train' ambassador". The Indian Express. India. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Aishwarya-appointed--Smile-Train--ambassador/535870/. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
- ^ "Aishwarya lends her support to Smile Train". SmileTrainIndia. http://www.smiletrainindia.org/aishwarya_cares.php.
- ^ "Salman Khan chapter was a nightmare in my life: Aishwarya Rai". http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=20315. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ "Salman didn’t hit Ash!". The Times Of India. 10 Sep 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Salman-didnt-hit-Ash/articleshow/4991138.cms. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ Singh, Harneet (16 January 2007). "It was sudden...but this is the 21st century, one must be prepared". The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/it-was-sudden...but-this-is-the-21st-centur/21032/. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Abhishek arrives on horseback for wedding". rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/20wed.htm. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ^ "It's London in spring time!". The Times Of India. 4 April 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1858526.cms. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ "I didn't chicken out of Dostana, says Saif Ali Khan". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 August 2009. http://www.hindu.com/holnus/009200908011821.htm. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ "Why did Aishwarya dump Vivek?". The Times Of India. http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Why-did-Aishwarya-dump-Vivek/articleshow/msid-1395761,curpg-6.cms. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ "The buzz outside Ash's house". http://us.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/18ash.htm. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ "Aishwarya Rai Bachchan delivers a baby girl!". Bollywood Life. http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/aishwarya-rai-bachchan-delivers-a-baby-girl/. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
- ^ "Bachchan baby gets a name!". Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/bachchan-baby-gets-a-name/20120314.htm. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "The 51st Filmfare Awards". Filmfareawards.indiatimes.com. http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ "Aishwarya, Akshay, Helen in Padma Shri list". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 26 January 2009. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901260321.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
- ^ "India's Celebrity Film Stars". Forbes. 9 March 2001. http://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html. Retrieved 3 September 2001.
- ^ "Aishwarya Rai". Hello!. http://www.hellomagazine.com/celebrities/specials/women03/pagina_1_1.html. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "Introducing Aishwarya Rai". CBS News. 10 February 2005. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/02/10/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main672996.shtml.
- ^ Perry, Alex (20 October 2003). "The Leading Lady". Time Asia. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501031027/int_rai.html. Retrieved 5 January 2009.
- ^ Perry, Alex (18 April 2004). "Aishwarya Rai". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2004/time100/artists/100rai.html. Retrieved 5 January 2009.
- ^ "Aishwarya Rai is 100 most influential people". Aishwarya-rai-pictures.com. http://www.aishwarya-rai-pictures.com/aishwarya-rai-is-100-most-influential.html. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ Arun, Neil (1 October 2004). "Bollywood goddess waxes beautiful". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3706834.stm. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- ^ "Ash stops traffic in Times Square". rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/16slide1.htm. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ "Holland tulip named after Aishwarya". http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20050610-4.html. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "World's 50 Most Desirable Women – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 23 January 2009. http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/slideshow_world-s-50-most-desirable-women_1224380-48#top. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ "Hottest Women of India". Maxim. http://m.maxim.com/amg/GIRLS/Slideshows/Hottest+Women+of+India.
- ^ Coghlan, Tom; Pitel, Laura; Gray, Sadie. "The most beautiful women?". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article528553.ece. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ "Beauties Around the Globe". People. 8 May 2006. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20059622,00.html. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "rediff.com: Asia's sexiest women". Specials.rediff.com. 20 September 2006. http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/20sld3.htm. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "world's sexiest Asian woman". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Katrina-Kaif-is-world-s-sexiest-Asian-woman/Article1-485483.aspx. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
- ^ "Aishwarya Rai's eyes voted the ‘sexiest’". Hindustan Times (India). http://www.hindustantimes.com/Aishwarya-Rai-s-eyes-voted-the-sexiest/Article1-346621.aspx. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
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- ^ "Ash refuses French award". http://movies.ndtv.com/newstory.asp?section=Movies&id=ENTEN20090083244. Retrieved 13 February 2009.
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- ^ "Dabangg bags 5 Big Star Entertainment Awards – Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 22 December 2010. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-22/news-interviews/28262372_1_film-actor-dabangg-munni-badnaam-hui. Retrieved 2 June 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Ash Honoured At World Kannada Meet". NDTV. http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110171260&keyword=Bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ "Other States / Maharashtra News : Hollywood, Bollywood share top honours at FICCI Frames awards". The Hindu. 27 March 2011. http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/27/stories/2011032761030900.htm. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ Prabhakar, Jyothi (2 February 2011). "Ash's dress over Mallika at Oscars". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ashs-dress-over-Mallika-at-Oscars/articleshow/7601413.cms. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
Further reading[link]
- Ghosh, Biswadeep (2004). Hall of Fame: Aishwarya Rai. Mumbai: Magna Books. ISBN 978-81-7809-244-7. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=tChlAAAAMAAJ&q=aishwarya+rai&dq=aishwarya+rai&hl=en&ei=GC3nTae4HoKiuQOrwbz_DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAQ. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rai, Aishwarya |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian actress |
| Date of birth | 1 November 1973 |
| Place of birth | Mangalore, Karnataka, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Lara Dutta Bhupathi | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Lara Dutta in 2012 |
|
| Born | (1978-04-16) 16 April 1978 (age 34) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Occupation | Actress, Producer, Model |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Spouse | Mahesh Bhupathi (2011–present) |
| Website | |
| mylaradutta.com | |
Lara Dutta Bhupathi (born 16 April 1978) is an Indian Bollywood actress and former Miss Universe (2000).[1]
She made her Hindi debut in 2003 with the film Andaaz which was a box office success and won her a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award. Her box office hit successes include a series of comedies Masti (2004), No Entry (2005), Bhagam Bhag (2006), Partner (2007) and Housefull (2010). Her recent film Don 2 (2011) is a major commercial success in the domestic and international markets.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Dutta was born in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh to an Indian father and an Anglo-Indian mother.[1] Her father is Wing Commander L.K. Dutta (retired) and her mother is Jennifer Dutta. She also has two elder sisters, Sabrina, who serves in the Indian Air Force and a well known younger sister Cheryl. Composer and DJ Nitin Sawhney is Dutta's cousin.[2] The Dutta family moved to Bangalore in 1981 where she completed high school from St.Francis Xavier Girls' High School and the Frank Anthony Public School. Dutta graduated in economics with a minor in communications from the University of Mumbai. She is fluent in English, Hindi, Kannada, and French.[citation needed]
Pageantry[link]
Dutta won the annual Gladrags modeling competition in her native India, thus winning the right to be the first Indian representative at the 1997 Miss Intercontinental, in which she took first place. Later, she was crowned Femina Miss India Universe.[3]
At Miss Universe 2000 in Cyprus, she achieved the highest score in the swimsuit competition and her finalist interview score was the highest individual score in any category in the history of the Miss Universe contest, as her interview saw a majority of the judges giving her the maximum 9.99 mark.[4] After her final question, in which she delivered a defense of the Miss Universe contest (and other beauty pageants), she became the second Indian Miss Universe. Dutta's win led to her appointment as a UNFPA Goodwill Ambassador in 2001.[5]
In the same year, Priyanka Chopra and Dia Mirza won their respective Miss World and Miss Asia Pacific titles which gave India a rare triple victory in the world of beauty pageants.[4][6]
Acting career[link]
Dutta signed up for the Tamil film, Arasatchi in 2002, but due to financial problems, it was only released in mid-2004. She made her Hindi debut in 2003 with the film Andaaz which was a box office success and won her a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award. She then appeared in a number of films, some of which failed at the box office and some of which were moderately successful. Her box office "hits" include Masti (2004), No Entry (2005), Bhagam Bhag (2006), Partner (2007), Housefull (2010) and Don 2: The King Is Back (2011).
In 2006, she starred in the comedy, Bhagam Bhag which did well at the box office.[7]
In 2005, Sania Mirza and Dutta both participated in Kaun Banega Crorepati (season 2) on 13 November 2005.[8] Dutta's first release of 2007 was Shaad Ali's Jhoom Barabar Jhoom. The film was a box office failure in India but did better overseas, especially in the U.K.[9] She received mixed reviews for her performance in the film. Her later release, Partner opened to a good response and became a hit.[10]
Her 2009 release, Blue, was one of the most expensive movies of Indian cinema. Dutta had initially walked away from the project because the movie was entirely shot in the ocean and she did not know how to swim. However the male protagonist Akshay Kumar encouraged her in learning how to swim and she immediately started training with a special coach. Blue was released on 16 October 2009.[11] She stated that "The moment I got to know of it, I called Akshay and told him that I wouldn't be able to accept the assignment. He knew the reason behind my decision. Not many people are aware that I had almost drowned while shooting for Andaaz, Akshay had rescued me. When I reminded him I couldn't swim, he told me to forget my phobia and learn swimming pronto," said Dutta. "Today, I feel Blue has not merely made me overcome my phobias, but has also taught me something that will stay with me for the rest of my life".[11]
Her 2010 release Housefull was a Super hit across India. The movie starred Akshay Kumar, Deepika Padukone and Riteish Deshmukh. It was the 5th biggest hit in the country with Rs 114 Crores of gross revenue .[12] She played the role of Hetal Petal, one of the main characters in the movie.
In 2011, her first movie as a producer (Chalo Dilli) was released.[citation needed] She then played Ayesha (Don's girlfriend and accomplice in the team) in the movie Don 2: The King Is Back.[citation needed]
Following her post-pregnancy break from Hindi cinema, Lara Dutta has recently signed a new movie entitled David. Filming will start by August, 2012 and she will have a very important role in the movie according to its director, Bejoy Nambiar. [13]. The movie will also star Vikram, Neil Nitin Mukesh, Tabu & Isha Sharvani.
Personal life[link]
In September 2010, Dutta became engaged to Indian tennis player, Mahesh Bhupathi.[14][15] They married on February 16, 2011 in a civil ceremony in Bandra,[16] and later followed it by a Christian ceremony on 20 February 2011 at Sunset Point in Goa.[17]
On 1 August 2011, Dutta confirmed that she is pregnant with their first child.[18]On 20 January 2012 it was confirmed by Bhupathi via a popular networking site that Dutta had given birth to a baby girl, they have named her Saira. She also has three nieces whom she is incredibly fond of, Varsha, along with children Michelle and Anushka. [19]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Andaaz | Kajal |
Filmfare Best Female Debut Award |
| 2003 | Mumbai Se Aaya Mera Dost | Kesar | |
| 2004 | Khakee | Special appearance in song "Aisa Jadoo" | |
| 2004 | Masti | Monica | |
| 2004 | Bardaasht | Advocate Payal | |
| 2004 | Arasatchi | Lara | Tamil film |
| 2004 | Aan: Men at Work | Kiran | |
| 2005 | Insan | Meghna | |
| 2005 | Elaan | Sonia | |
| 2005 | Jurm | Sanjana Malhotra | |
| 2005 | Kaal | Ishika | |
| 2005 | No Entry | Kajal | |
| 2005 | Ek Ajnabee | Adult Anamika | Special appearance |
| 2005 | Dosti: Friends Forever | Kajal | |
| 2006 | Zinda | Jenny Singh | |
| 2006 | Fanaa | Zeenat | Special appearance |
| 2006 | Alag | Special appearance in song "Sabse Alag" | |
| 2006 | Bhagam Bhag | Munni/Nisha/Aditi | |
| 2007 | Jhoom Barabar Jhoom | Anaida Raza/Laila | |
| 2007 | Partner | Naina | |
| 2007 | Om Shanti Om | Herself | Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi" |
| 2008 | Jumbo | Sonia (voice) | |
| 2008 | Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi | Special appearance in song "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte" | |
| 2009 | Billu Barber | Bindiya | |
| 2009 | Satyameva Jeyathe | Telugu film Special appearance in song "Aisa Jadoo" |
|
| 2009 | Do Knot Disturb | Dolly | |
| 2009 | Blue | Mona | |
| 2010 | Housefull | Hetal Patel | |
| 2011 | Chalo Dilli | Mihika Mukherjee | |
| 2011 | Don 2: The King Is Back | Ayesha | |
| 2012 | Banda Yeh Bindaas Hai | ||
| 2013 | David | Recently Signed, Pre-production |
Awards[link]
- Wins
- 2004: Star Screen Award Most Promising Newcomer - Female, Andaaz
- 2004: Filmfare Best Female Debut Award, Andaaz (joint winner with Priyanka Chopra)
- 2008: Rajiv Gandhi awards (female contribution to film cinema)
- Nominations
- 2006: IIFA Awards Best supporting actress for No Entry
- 2009: Stardust Awards Best Actress for Billu
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Shanadi, Govind (May 2000). "Lara Dutta - Miss Universe 2000". desiclub.com (New York). http://www.desiclub.com/community/culture/culture_article.cfm?id=17. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
- ^ Political Animal, Musical Genius, Healing potion - Nitin Sawhney Available online
- ^ "Lara Dutta Biography". Oneindia. http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist-biography/1256/2/lara-dutta.html. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ a b Ranny Singka. "The on-line magazine covering the Miss USA, Miss Universe, Miss Teen USA, Miss AMerica, and Miss World Pageants". Behind The Crown. http://www.behindthecrown.com/weekworlduniverse.html. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors profile page, Available online
- ^ "Miss India Winners 2000 - 1991 - Indiatimes.com". Feminamissindia.indiatimes.com. http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/archives/1991-2000/articleshow/5022005.cms. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ "boxofficeindia.com". Box office status for Bhagam Bhag. Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070528163416/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2006.htm. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
- ^ "Sania mirza and lara dutta on kbc 2". 10 November 2005. http://www.bollywoodsargam.com/bollywood_news.php?newsstory=40417397-6581382-0-latest-Sania_Mirza_and_Lara_Dutta_on_KBC_2_Bollywood_news.html. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ "imdb.com". JBJ does better overseas. http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/jhoom-barabar-jhoom-190607.html. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
- ^ "boxofficeindia.com". Box office status for Partner. Archived from the original on 24 August 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070824054319/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/partnersensation.htm. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
- ^ a b "Lara Dutta on Blue and a rocking 2009". Sify. http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14913612. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ "Boxofficeindia.com". Boxofficeindia.com. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=317&catName=MjAxMC0yMDE5. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/1441884
- ^ "Lara Dutta and Mahesh Bhupathi to tie the knot". Bollywood. Bollywood (Mumbai, India). February 18, 2011. http://www.bollygraph.com/actress/lara-dutta-and-mahesh-bhupathi-to-tie-the-nod/3879/. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
- ^ Gupta, Chinki (September 19, 2010). "Lara Dutta super-excited about "new" character in Don-2". Hindustan Times (New Dehli, India). http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lara-Dutta-super-excited-about-new-character-in-Don-2/Article1-602083.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
- ^ "Lara Dutta Wedding Details". http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2011/lara-dutt-mahesh-victorian-marriage-120111-aid0097.html. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^ TNN (2 February 2011). "Mahesh Bhupathi and Lara Dutta exchange wedding vows". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/Mahesh-Bhupathi-and-Lara-Dutta-ties-the-knot-in-Goa/articleshow/7530614.cms. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ TNN (1 August 2011). "Lara Dutta is pregnant!". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Lara-Dutta-is-pregnant/articleshow/9443021.cms. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
- ^ web|title=Lara-Mahesh blessed with a baby girl |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Lara-Mahesh-blessed-with-a-baby-girl/Article1-799814.aspx%7Cwork=Hindustani Times|accessdate=2012-01-20|date=20 January 2012}}
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lara Dutta |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dutta, Lara |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Miss Universe 2000 |
| Date of birth | 16 April 1978 |
| Place of birth | Ghaziabad, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Lara_Dutta
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://id.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://es.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://pt.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://pl.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://fr.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://ru.wn.com/Датта, Лара
http://de.wn.com/Lara Dutta
http://hi.wn.com/लारा दत्ता
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_Dutta
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Beauty pageant titleholder | |
 Pooja Chopra at Lavasa Womens Drive, 2011. |
|
| Born | Pooja Chopra Kolkata, West Bengal, India |
|---|---|
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| Weight | 54 kg (120 lb) |
| Measurements | 31"-24"-35" |
| Hair color | Black |
| Title(s) | Miss World- Beauty With Purpose 2009 Pantaloons Femina Miss India World 2009 Talwalkars Femina Miss Beautiful Body Femina Miss Beautiful Smile Pantaloons Miss India East 2009 PFMI East 09 Miss Sparkling Beauty PFMI East 09 Miss Beautiful Body PFMI 09 East Best Catwalk |
| Major competition(s) |
Femina Miss India Miss World 2009 |
Pooja Chopra is an Indian model and film actress. In 2009, she was crowned as the Femina Miss India. She was also a semifinalist at Miss World and won the Beauty With A Purpose award at Miss World 2009 in Johannesburg, South Africa.[1][2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
When Chopra was 20 days old, her mother left her father, who had previously announced his intention to marry someone else.[3] Pooja Chopra is resident of Pune in Maharashtra. She completed most of her school and college in Pune. Pooja won most of the local Pune beauty pageants.[4]
Career[link]
2009–present: Femina Miss India and Miss World 09[link]
Pooja Chopra was crowned with the 2009 Femina Miss India East on February 17, 2009, at Kolkata. She also won Miss Perfect 10, Miss Catwalk, Miss Beautiful Smile, Talwarkars Best Body and Nakshatra Miss Sparkling Beauty, thus gaining direct entry into the top ten finalists of the Femina Miss India 2009. On April 5, 2009 Pooja Chopra was crowned the Pantaloons Femina Miss India-World 2009.
Chopra sprained her ankle while running down a flight of stairs one week prior to the Miss World final on December 12, 2009. Doctors advised her 3 weeks complete bed-rest, but she continued with the competition. Chair of the Miss World Organization Julia Morley suggested that Pooja drop out of the dance round,[5] and so she took only a few steps before being allowed to stop. She finished as one of the top sixteen finalists.
On December 12, 2009, she won the "Beauty With a Purpose" title at Miss World 2009 based on her her charitable work in the India "Nanhi Kali" project.[6][7] She won US$10,000 for her "Nanhi Kali" project which helps small girls fight poverty.[5]
During her reign she endorsed brands such as Tata Docomo,[8] Bajaj Allainz,[9] Richfeel,[10] Body and Soul, Roots Comb, Evolve Med Spa.[11]Juvederm Voluma[12] On April 30, 2010 Pooja crowned her successor Manasvi Mamgai as the next Miss India World.
Pooja was also featured in Times 50 most beautiful women at no. 28, the list features India's most beautiful faces. [13][14]
Acting[link]
Chopra made her acting debut in the 2011 Tamil film Ponnar Shankar,[15] playing the role of Princess opposite Prashanth Thiagarajan. The film was written by the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. Karunanidhi and directed by Thiagarajan.[16][17]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Ponnar Shankar | Muthayi | Tamil |
References[link]
 |
This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (July 2011) |
 |
This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (July 2011) |
- ^ http://www.beautywithapurpose.com/index.php/bwp-winners/134-2009-india
- ^ http://www.missworld.com/index.php?option=com_contestant&task=showcontestant&Itemid=84&cont_id=65&lang=en
- ^ Neera Chopra: My Husband threw us out
- ^ http://www.jeetegakaun.in/femina_miss_india_2008/thread.php?id=10092
- ^ a b http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/global-highlightsthe-week/81264/on
- ^ http://www.zeenews.com/zeeexclusive/2009-12-25/589522news.html
- ^ http://www.bhangra.org/katrina-kaif-clinches-the-number-one-spot-in-sexiest-asian-women-poll/100801/
- ^ http://www.bollyone.com/pooja-chopra-brand-ambassador-of-tata-docomo
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/10/stories/2009041056371500.htm
- ^ http://www.buzzintown.com/delhi/event--launch-richfeel-trichology-centre-pooja-chopra/segment--ureviews/id--177484.html
- ^ http://www.evolvemedspa.org/html/tvcs.htm
- ^ http://hamaraphotos.com/bollywood/launch-events/pooja-chopra-unveils-juvederm-voluma.html
- ^ http://www.itimes.com/poll_result.php?ar_pid=3
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hL7rCEUX4C0&feature=youtube_gdata_player
- ^ http://gethu.net/pooja-chopra-the-princess-of-ponnar-shankar
- ^ http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/ponnar-shankar-sold-to-martin-productions/
- ^ http://movies.sulekha.com/tamil/ponnar-shankar/trailers/default.htm
External links[link]
| Preceded by Parvathy Omanakuttan |
Femina Miss India World 2009 |
Succeeded by Manasvi Mamgai |
| Preceded by Gabrielle Walcott |
Miss World Beauty With A Purpose 2009 |
Succeeded by Natasha Metto |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chopra, Pooja |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | May 3, 1985 |
| Place of birth | Pune |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Pooja_Chopra
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Pooja Chopra
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooja_Chopra
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
