Dido
Background information
Birth name	Florian Cloud de Bounevialle Armstrong
Born	(1971-12-25) 25 December 1971 (age 40) Kensington, London, England, United Kingdom
Genres	Pop, trip hop, pop rock, alternative rock
Instruments	Vocals, piano, guitar, drums, recorder violin
Years active	1995–present
Labels	RCA Records[1] Cheeky, Arista, Sony Music
Associated acts	Rollo Armstrong, Faithless, Dusted, Sister Bliss, Eminem
Website	www.didomusic.com

Dido Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong^[2] ( /ˈdaɪdoʊ/; born 25 December 1971), known as Dido, is an English singer-songwriter.

Dido shot to worldwide success with her debut album, No Angel (1999). The album sold in excess of 21 million copies worldwide,^[3] and won several awards; including the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act, two NRJ Awards for Best New Act and Best Album, and two Brit Awards for Best British Female and Best Album. Her following album, Life for Rent (2003), continued her mainstream success with the help of popular singles "White Flag" and "Life for Rent". The album went on to sell around 12 million copies worldwide and saw her receive more accolades; including the Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year for "White Flag", two further Brit and NRJ Awards, as well as a Grammy Award nomination.

Dido's first two albums, No Angel and Life for Rent, are among the best-selling albums in UK Chart history, and both are in the top 10 best-selling albums of the 2000s in the UK.^[4] Her third and latest studio album, Safe Trip Home (2008), received critical praise to help maintain her success.^[5] She was nominated for an Academy Award for the song "If I Rise".^[6] Dido has been ranked #98 of Billboard 200 Artists Music Chart based on the success of her music in the first decade of the 21st century.^[7]

Early life[link]

Dido was born at St Mary Abbots hospital in Kensington, London, on Christmas Day 1971.^[8] On her birth certificate, her name was registered as Florian Cloud de Bounevialle Armstrong.^[9][10] Because she was born on Christmas Day, she also celebrates an "official birthday" on 25 June, following the example of Paddington Bear.^[11] Her mother, Clare (née Collins), is a poet,^[10] and her father, William O'Malley Armstrong, was an Irish publisher and former managing director of Sidgwick & Jackson.^[12][13] Her older brother, Rowland Constantine O'Malley Armstrong,^[14] is better known as record producer Rollo, part of the British electronica trio Faithless. Despite their impressive birth names, the pair were known from childhood by the names that are famous now — Dido and Rollo.^[10] Dido has made it clear that "Dido" is now her real name and not simply a stage name or nickname.^[2][11][15] Her name derives from that of the mythical Queen of Carthage. As a child, she had to deal with its ambiguous and unusual nature, which led to her being bullied^[2] and even to her pretending to have an ordinary name.^[10] As she explains:

To be called one thing and christened another is actually very confusing and annoying. It's one of the most irritating things that my parents did to me. … Florian is a German man's name. That's just mean. To give your child a whole lot of odd names. They were all so embarrassing. … I thought it was cruel to call me Dido and then expect me to just deal with it.

—Dido, Interview published in The Observer in 2001^[10]

Career[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2011)

Early recordings: (1995–1996)[link]

In 1995, Dido began recording demo tracks which were put together on a collection entitled Odds & Ends and sent out by Nettwerk management. Nettwerk had signed her after she was brought to their attention by her collaborations with Faithless, the UK dance act spearheaded by her brother, Rollo Armstrong (Dido co-wrote and provided vocals for album tracks, such as "Flowerstand Man" and "Hem of His Garment"). The collection was released by Nettwerk on CD-R acetate in 1995 and featured a mixture of finished productions and demo versions which she later considered for release on her debut album, released in 1999 as No Angel. Odds & Ends brought her to the attention of Arista Records, who signed her in the USA, striking a deal with her brother's record label, Cheeky Records, to co-sign her. Of the tracks included on Odds & Ends, "Take My Hand" was included on all editions of No Angel as a bonus track; "Sweet Eyed Baby" was remixed and renamed to "Don't Think of Me", while "Worthless" and "Me" were released exclusively on the Japanese edition.

Breakthrough (1998–2000)[link]

Cheeky Records, to which Dido was signed, was sold to BMG records in 1999. This delayed the release of No Angel in the United Kingdom, but also allowed her to concentrate on promoting the album No Angel in the United States, including a slot on Sarah McLachlan's Lilith Fair tour. Through touring, both before and after the album was available, Dido's music began to receive more exposure. The first official single chosen by Dido and her label, "Here with Me", was used as the theme music for the television programme Roswell. Arguably it was this, as well as the airplay on MTV throughout Europe of the single's video, which brought her mass attention.

In 1998, the music producer for the film Sliding Doors picked her track "Thank You" for the soundtrack. No Angel was first released in 1999, and Dido toured extensively to promote the record.

American rapper Eminem helped introduce Dido to a US audience in 2000 when he received permission from Dido herself to sample the first verse of "Thank You" in his hit single "Stan". Dido also appeared in the music video as Stan's pregnant girlfriend. She did not want to do the video at first, as she was uncomfortable with the scene in the video where she had to be tied up and have her mouth covered with duct tape, but later agreed to it and got along well with Eminem and the crew on set. The video usually aired with the trunk scene censored.^[16] Interest soared in her debut album, leading it to hit charts in Europe on import sales alone, charting in the top five on the UK albums chart before its official UK re-release. "Thank You" was also sampled by the Airheadz in their trance track "Stanley Here I Am" originally as a bootleg, but later entering the UK Top 40 in April 2001.

[edit] No Angel (1999–2002)

Her No Angel went on to become the top-selling album of 2001 - both in the United Kingdom and worldwide,^[17] debuting at, and returning to, number one in the official UK albums chart many times throughout the year. It spawned two Top Ten hit singles, "Here with Me" and "Thank You", a further Top Twenty hit, "Hunter" and a fourth and final single release "All You Want" which reached the top 25. It was certified platinum in over thirty-five countries, and is estimated to have sold over 21 million copies worldwide.^[3] It is the second biggest selling album of the 21st century in the UK. Dido's widely emulated hairstyle at this time became known as the "Dido flip". Her sold-out worldwide tour featured hip-hop artist Pete Miser as her live band's DJ. No Angel claimed #97 according the Decade-end album chart by Billboard.^[18]

[edit] Life for Rent and Live 8 (2003–2005)

Life for Rent was released in 2003. Preceded by the hit single "White Flag", the album sold over 152,000 copies in the first day alone in the UK, and went on to sell over 400,000 in the first week. Three further singles—"Life for Rent", "Don't Leave Home" and "Sand in My Shoes"—were lifted from the album, with Dido embarking on a worldwide tour in support of the album (a DVD of footage from the tour was released in 2005 entitled Live at Brixton Academy). It is the 4th biggest selling album of the 21st century in the UK.

Dido performing with Youssou N'Dour in Hyde Park, London.

Following her sold-out world tour of 2004, Dido was asked to perform at three of the Live 8 concerts on 2 July 2005—performing in London, then at the Eden Project in Cornwall, before flying over to Paris, performing both solo ("White Flag") and duetting with Youssou N'Dour ("Thank You" and "Seven Seconds").

Also in 2005, Dido provided vocals for her brother's side project Dusted on the album Safe from Harm. She sings on the tracks: "Time Takes Time", "Hurt U" and "Winter" and she co-wrote three tracks on the album: "Always Remember to Respect & Honour Your Mother, Part 1", "The Biggest Fool in the World" and "Winter".

[edit] Safe Trip Home (2008)

Dido started working on her third album in October 2005 in Los Angeles. The album was produced by Jon Brion and Dido herself. Collaborators include Brian Eno, Questlove, Mick Fleetwood, Rollo Armstrong and Matt Chamberlain. Recording sessions were held at London's Abbey Road and at Jon Brion's home studio in Los Angeles. During production of the album, Dido attended evening classes in music and English at the University of California, Los Angeles.^[19]

Dido's official website was relaunched to coincide with the release of the album. The release of the album was postponed several times, though no official reason was ever given for this. The first single from the album, "Don't Believe in Love" leaked to the Internet on 5 September 2008 and was made available digitally on 27 October 2008. The full album was leaked to the internet on 1 November 2008, some 16 days before its official launch date. On 13 November 2008, the full album was available for a world premier listening at iLike.^[20]

On 22 August 2008, Dido's official website confirmed that the album was to be entitled Safe Trip Home, with the official release date of 17 November 2008. A free song from the album, "Look No Further" was made available to download from the site for a limited time. Other songs included on the album are: "It Comes And It Goes", "The Day Before the Day", "Never Want To Say It's Love" and "Grafton Street". The latter was composed in collaboration with Brian Eno.^[21] The album cover features a photograph of astronaut Bruce McCandless II during a spacewalk, as part of space shuttle mission STS-41-B.

In December 2008, Dido's song "Let’s Do The Things We Normally Do", was criticised by Gregory Campbell, MP for East Londonderry and Minister for Sports, Arts and Leisure for Northern Ireland, for referencing lyrics from a song, "The Men Behind the Wire" which was written in the aftermath of the introduction of detention without trial for persons accused of being members of paramilitary groups. Campbell described "The Men Behind the Wire" as "written about people who were murderers, arsonists and terrorists". Campbell suggested "she [Dido] should clarify her position so that her fans and the wider public knows where she stands on these things".^[22] The album failed to sell as well as her previous efforts, but it was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical.^[23] In October 2010, former NASA astronaut Bruce McCandless sued Dido for possible unauthorized use of a photo of his 1984 space flight for the album art of Safe Trip Home, which showed McCandless "free flying" about 320 feet away from the space shuttle Challenger.^[24] The lawsuit - which also named Sony Corp.’s Sony Music Entertainment and Getty Images Inc. as defendants - does not allege copyright infringement, only infringement of his persona.^[25]

Fourth album and new collaborations (2009–present)[link]

Dido began recording her fourth studio album just months after releasing Safe Trip Home. In July 2009, she claimed that the album, which is untitled, will have an electronic approach, in an attempt to take a totally different direction to her previous albums.^[26] In September 2010, "Everything to Lose", was released via digital download,^[27] a track that had previously appeared on the Sex and the City 2 movie soundtrack. In 2011, after recording "If I Rise", A.R. Rahman tied up with Dido for the official music video of the song.^[28]

According to Dido, via her official website, she has recorded the album in London and in California and she's described it as a big fun electronic extravaganza. Some songs were recorded in a hotel room with a keyboard and a microphone during a trip in America. The album will feature collaborations from Rollo Armstrong, Sister Bliss, Lester Mendez, A. R. Rahman, Rick Nowels, Greg Kurstin and Jeff Bhasker and will be completed soon.^[29]

She has also stated she has got other new collaborations coming up. One rumored track is "The Girl Who Got Away", which is a collaboration with drummer Ash Soan.^[30]

Other work[link]

In addition to her solo work, Dido has co-written and provided vocals for tracks with Faithless, including "One Step Too Far"—which was released in the UK as a limited edition single, where it debuted at number six—and "No Roots", the title track of the fourth Faithless album. Rollo—Dido's brother—co-writes and co-produces much of Dido's solo material, including many tracks on No Angel, Life for Rent and Safe Trip Home.

She provided guest vocals for each of the six studio albums by Faithless, from 1996's Reverence to 2010's The Dance. Dido worked with her brother on a CD to accompany the children's book he wrote with Jason White, Safe from Harm; the CD is also titled Safe from Harm and the artist is listed as "Dusted". She co-wrote Britney Spears's worldwide number one hit "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman", soundtrack feature track to Spears's first major film debut.

In 2006, she re-released the song "Christmas Day", although it failed to chart in the UK. This had appeared originally on a 2001 EP of "All You Want" (a song from No Angel).

Dido has provided guest vocals to tracks by other artists including "Feels Like Fire" for Carlos Santana's 2002 album, Shaman, and a duet with Rufus Wainwright entitled "I Eat Dinner (When the Hunger's Gone)" for the Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason film soundtrack. A sample of the Dido track "Do You Have a Little Time" is used on the song "Don't You Trust Me?" by Tupac, on the album "Loyal to the Game", which was almost entirely produced by Eminem in 2004.

Annie Lennox has joined forces with Dido and 22 other female artists^[31] to raise awareness of the issue of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to unborn children in Africa. The single "Sing" was released on World Aids Day on 1 December 2007, in conjunction with Annie Lennox's appearance at the Nelson Mandela 46664 concert in South Africa.

In 2010, "Everything to Lose", was featured on the Sex and the City 2 soundtrack. The song was written by Dido in her country house where she is recording her fourth album, which will have an electronic approach.^[32]

Also in 2010, Dido appears on the score of 127 Hours, a thriller film directed by Danny Boyle.^[33] The soundtrack features a mix of electric guitars with orchestral arrangements and sound loops. A.R. Rahman, composer, and Dido recorded a song together called "If I Rise" which is featured in the climax of the film.^[34] The song was nominated for Satellite Award, Houston Film Critics Society Awards and Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award, and has been nominated for the 83rd Academy Award for Original Song.^[35] It won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song. A music video of "If I Rise", featuring Dido and A. R. Rahman was also released on 17 February.^[36]

Personal life[link]

Upon the release of No Angel in 1999, after a long time promoting the album, Dido broke up with her fiancé, entertainment lawyer Bob Page, after a seven-year relationship.^[37]

Dido is a keen Arsenal F.C. fan and regularly attended matches with her father as a child.^[38] Dido briefly dated Sol Campbell who played for the club at the time.^[39][40]

In February 2011, Dido posted a message on her official website, explaining to fans that she would not perform at the 83rd Academy Awards because she was pregnant and was expecting a baby with her husband Rohan Gavin. Dido gave birth to her son Stanley in July 2011. This news was not released to the press until December 2011.^[41][42]

Awards and nominations[link]

Discography[link]

• Odds & Ends (1995)
• No Angel (1999)
• Life for Rent (2003)
• Safe Trip Home (2008)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dido (singer)

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Dido

• Official Dido website
• Dido at the Internet Movie Database
• Video for "Us Two Little Gods" at The Guardian website.

Dido or DIDO may refer to:

• Dido (Queen of Carthage), the founder and first queen of Carthage
  • Dido, Queen of Carthage, a play by Christopher Marlowe
  • Dido and Aeneas, an opera by Henry Purcell, based on the play by Marlowe
• Dido (singer), a British singer and songwriter
  • Dido flip, the singer's eponymous hairstyle
• Dido Elizabeth Belle, daughter of John Lindsay
• Dido (footballer), a Brazilian association football player
• Tsez people or Dido, an indigenous people of the North Caucasus
  • Tsez language or Dido, their language
• DIDO (nuclear reactor), a nuclear reactor at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, Oxfordshire
• DIDO (optimal control), a software package to solve optimal control problems
• Philaethria dido or Scarce Bamboo Page, a butterfly of the Heliconian family
• HMS Dido, the name of seven British Royal Navy vessels
• South Devon Railway Dido class steam locomotives (1860 - 1877)
• 209 Dido, a very large main-belt asteroid
• Dido, a planet in Doctor Who television series
• "Dido", a song on Café del Mar Aria
• Fido Dido, a cartoon character licensed to Pepsico for their 7UP brand
• DIDO (network), “distributed input distributed output” wireless network technology

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

White Americans are people of the United States who are considered or consider themselves White. The United States Census Bureau defines White people as those "having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who reported “White” or wrote in entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish."^[4] Like all official U.S. racial categories, "White" has a "Not Hispanic or Latino" and a "Hispanic or Latino" component,^[4] the latter consisting mostly of White Mexican Americans and white Cuban Americans. The term "Caucasian" is often used interchangeably with "White", despite the fact they are not synonymous.^[5][6]

German Americans (16.5%), Irish Americans (11.9%), English Americans (9.0%), Italian Americans (5.8%), French Americans (4%), Polish Americans (3%), Scottish Americans (1.9%), Dutch Americans (1.6%), Norwegian Americans (1.5%), and Swedish Americans (1.4%) constitute the ten largest White American ancestries.^[7] Whites constitute the majority, with a total of 223,553,265 or 72.4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census.

Historical and present definitions[link]

Current U.S. Census definition[link]

The term "White American" or "European American" can encompass many different ethnic groups. Although the United States Census purports to reflect a social definition of race, the social dimensions of race are more complex than Census criteria. The 2000 U.S. census states that racial categories "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country. They do not conform to any biological, anthropological or genetic criteria."^[8]

The Census question on race lists the categories White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Asian, plus "Some other race", with the respondent having the ability to mark more than one category. The Census Bureau defines White people as follows:

The term "White" refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who reported "White" or wrote in entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish.^[4]

In U.S. census documents, the designation white overlaps, as do all other official racial categories, with the term Hispanic or Latino, which was introduced in the 1980 census as a category of ethnicity, separate and independent of race.^[9][10] Hispanic and Latino Americans make up a racially diverse group, and as a whole are the largest minority in the country.^[11][12]

In cases where individuals do not self-identify, the U.S. census parameters for race give each national origin a racial value.

Additionally, people who reported Muslim (or a sect of Islam such as Shi'ite or Sunni), Jewish, Zoroastrian, or Caucasian as their "race" in the "Some other race" section, without noting a country of origin, are automatically tallied as white.^[13] The US Census considers the write-in response of "Caucasian" or "Aryan" to be a synonym for white in their ancestry code listing.^[14]

Social definition[link]

President Abraham Lincoln was descended from Samuel Lincoln, and was of English and Welsh ancestry.

Actress Raquel Welch of Spanish (via Bolivia) and English ancestry back to the Mayflower.^[15]

According to race scholars such as Karen Brodkin, in the United States, essentially anyone of European descent is considered white and Jews are also considered white.^[16] However, while the census asserts that "race" and "ethnicity" are separate, some Hispanics of primarily European descent may not consider themselves white and may not be considered white by others, possibly because of the long-held stereotype of Hispanics being given a non-white racial value.^[17][18][19] Likewise, while people of Middle Eastern and North African descent are included in the white category in the census, they may not consider themselves white and may not be considered white, as well.^[20]

The cultural boundaries separating white Americans from other racial or ethnic categories have changed significantly over the course of American history. Even among Europeans, those not considered white at some time in American history include Ashkenazi Jews, Southern Europeans (Spaniards, Greeks, Italians etc.), Irish Catholics, Eastern Europeans and Germans.^[21][22] Early on in the United States, white generally referred to those of British Isles or northwestern European descent.^[23]

David R. Roediger argues that the construction of the white race in the United States was an effort to mentally distance slave owners from slaves.^[24] The process of officially being defined as white by law often came about in court disputes over pursuit of citizenship.^[25] In the early 20th century, it became common for white supremacists to promote the features of the blond, blue-eyed Nordic race as the "master race".

Critical race theory definition[link]

Critical race theory takes, as one of its founding influences, the nonfiction essays of James Baldwin, who argued that Whiteness was a fictional category, a construct without reference to any culture at all except for the purposes of domination and genocide. Scholars such as David Roediger, Paul Gilroy, and others have based some of their work on this notion.

As whites are the dominant racial and cultural group, according to sociologist Steven Seidman, writing from a critical theory perspective, "White culture constitutes the general cultural mainstream, causing non-White culture to be seen as deviant, in either a positive or negative manner. Moreover, Whites tend to be disproportionately represented in powerful positions, controlling almost all political, economic, and cultural institutions."

Yet, according to Seidman, Whites are most commonly unaware of their "privilege" and the manner in which their culture has always been dominant in the US, as they do not identify as members of a specific racial group but rather incorrectly perceive their views and culture as "raceless", when in fact it is ethno-national (ethnic/cultural) specific, with a racial base component.^[26]

Demographic information[link]

Whites (non-Hispanic and Hispanic) made up 79.8% or 75% of the American population in 2008.^{[11][12][31][32]} This latter number is sometimes recorded as 77.1% when it includes about 2% of the population who are identified as white in combination with one or more other races. The largest ethnic groups (by ancestry) among white Americans were Germans, followed by the Irish and the English.^[33] It is likely that many Americans who are descended of English, Irish, or Scottish peoples, or perhaps even more commonly a combination of these and of these and other ethnic groups, simply identify as "American" in the census, and that Americans of English descent are far greater in number than those of German descent.^{[citation needed]} For a better idea on why Americans of English ancestry are likely far undercounted, see English American. In the 1980 census 49,598,035 Americans cited that they were of English ancestry, making them 26% of the country and the largest group at the time, and in fact larger than the population of England itself.^[34] Slightly more than half of these people would cite that they were of "American" ancestry on subsequent censuses and virtually everywhere that "American" ancestry predominates on the 2000 census corresponds to places where "English" predominated on the 1980 census.^[35][36]

White Americans (again, non-Hispanic and Hispanic Whites) are projected to remain the majority, though with their percentage decreasing to 72% of the total population by 2050. However, the projections are that the non-Hispanic White population will become less than 50% of the population by 2041,^{[citation needed]} in part because Non-Hispanic Whites have the lowest fertility rate of any major racial group in the United States and largely due to mass-immigration.^{[citation needed]}

While over ten million white people can trace part of their ancestry back to the Pilgrims who arrived on the Mayflower in 1620 (this common statistic overlooks the Jamestown, Virginia foundations of America and roots of even earlier colonist-descended Americans, such as Spanish Americans in St. Augustine, Florida), over 35 million whites have at least one ancestor who passed through the Ellis Island immigration station, which processed arriving immigrants from 1892 until 1954. See also: European Americans.

Geographic distribution[link]

According to the Census definition, white Americans are the majority racial group in almost all of the United States. They are not the majority in Hawaii, many American Indian reservations, parts of the South known as the Black Belt, and in many urban areas throughout the country.

Overall the highest concentration of those referred to as "White alone" by the Census Bureau was found in the Midwest, New England, the Rocky Mountain states, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The lowest concentration of whites was found in southern and mid-Atlantic states.^[4][37][38]

Although all large geographical areas are dominated by white Americans, much larger differences can be seen between specific parts of large cities.

States with the highest percentages of White Americans, as of 2007:^[39]

• Vermont 96.2%
• Maine 95.5%
• New Hampshire 95.0%
• West Virginia 94.3%
• Iowa 92.9%
• Idaho 92.1%
• Wyoming 91.6%
• Minnesota 90.94%
• North Dakota 90.9%

States with the highest percentages of non-Hispanic whites, as of 2007:^[40]

• Vermont 95.4%
• Maine 94.8%
• West Virginia 93.7%
• New Hampshire 93.4%
• Iowa 90.9%
• North Dakota 90.2%
• Montana 88.3%
• Kentucky 88.1%
• Wyoming 87.7%
• South Dakota 86.5%

Income and educational attainment[link]

White Americans have the second highest median household income and personal income levels in the nation, by cultural background. The median income per household member was also the highest, since White Americans had the smallest households of any racial demographic in the nation. In 2006, the median individual income of a White American age 25 or older was $33,030, with those who were full-time employed, and of age 25 to 64, earning $34,432. Since 42% of all households had two income earners, the median household income was considerably higher than the median personal income, which was $48,554 in 2005. Jewish Americans rank first in household income, personal income, and educational attainment among white Americans.^[41] In 2005, white households had a median household income of $48,977, which is 10.3% above the national median of $44,389. Among Cuban Americans, with 86% classifying as White, those persons born in the US have a higher median income and educational attainment level than most other whites.^[42]

The poverty rates for White Americans are the second-lowest of any racial group, with 10.8% of white individuals living below the poverty line, 3% lower than the national average.^[43] However, due to Whites' majority status, 48% of Americans living in poverty are white.^[44]

Whites' educational attainment is the second-highest in the country, after Asian Americans'. Overall, nearly one-third of White Americans had a Bachelor's degree, with the educational attainment for whites being higher for those born outside the United States: 37.6% of foreign born, and 29.7% of native born Whites had a college degree. Both figures are above the national average of 27.2%.^[45]

Gender income inequality was the greatest among whites, with White men outearning white women by 48%. Census Bureau data for 2005 reveals that the median income of white females was lower than that of males of all races. In 2005, the median income for White females was only slightly higher than that of African American females, indicating that income inequities seem to run along gender lines more so than along racial lines.^[46]

Population by state or territory[link]

White Population by state or territory (2000–2010)^[47]

State/Territory	Pop 2000	% pop 2000	Pop 2010	% pop 2010	% growth 2000-2010
Alabama	3,162,808	71.1%	3,274,119	68.5%	+3.5%
Alaska	434,534	69.3%	473,724	66.7%	+9.0%
Arizona	3,873,611	75.5%	4,666,172	73.0%	+20.5%
Arkansas	2,138,598	80.0%	2,245,257	77.0%	+5.0%
California	20,170,059	59.5%	21,458,278	56.7%	+6.4%
Colorado	3,560,005	82.8%	4,088,736	81.3%	+14.8%
Connecticut	2,780,355	81.6%	2,773,500	77.6%	-0.2%
Delaware	584,773	74.6%	618,676	68.9%	+5.8%
District of Columbia	176,101	30.8%	231,663	38.5%	+31.6%
Florida	12,465,029	78.0%	14,100,982	75.0%	+13.1%
Georgia	5,327,281	65.1%	5,783,529	59.7%	+8.5%
Hawaii	294,102	24.3%	335,994	24.7%	+14.2%
Idaho	1,177,304	91.0%	1,396,716	89.1%	+18.6%
Illinois	9,125,471	73.5%	9,173,902	71.5%	+0.5%
Indiana	5,320,022	87.5%	5,465,845	84.3%	+2.7%
Iowa	2,748,640	93.9%	2,781,322	91.3%	+1.2%
Kansas	2,313,944	86.1%	2,390,913	83.8%	+3.3%
Kentucky	3,640,889	90.1%	3,809,964	87.8%	+4.6%
Louisiana	2,856,161	63.9%	2,837,891	62.6%	-0.6%
Maine	1,236,014	96.9%	1,293,160	95.2%	+4.6%
Maryland	3,391,308	64.0%	3,360,207	58.2%	-0.9%
Massachusetts	5,367,286	84.5%	5,264,294	80.4%	-1.9%
Michigan	7,966,053	80.2%	7,798,192	78.9%	-2.1%
Minnesota	4,400,282	89.4%	4,524,248	85.3%	+2.8%
Mississippi	1,746,099	61.4%	1,753,672	59.1%	+0.4%
Missouri	4,748,083	84.9%	4,958,831	82.8%	+4.4%
Montana	817,229	90.6%	884,537	89.4%	+8.2%
Nebraska	1,533,261	89.6%	1,572,480	86.1%	+2.6%
Nevada	1,501,886	75.2%	1,787,764	66.2%	+19.0%
New Hampshire	1,186,851	96.0%	1,236,165	92.3%	+4.1%
New Jersey	6,104,705	72.6%	6,031,239	68.6%	-1.2%
New Mexico	1,214,253	66.8%	1,408,479	68.4%	+16.0%
New York	12,893,689	67.9%	12,731,413	65.7%	-1.2%
North Carolina	5,804,656	72.1%	6,531,806	68.5%	+12.5%
North Dakota	593,181	92.4%	605,332	90.0%	+2.0%
Ohio	9,645,453	85.0%	9,540,689	82.7%	-1.1%
Oklahoma	2,628,434	76.2%	2,708,475	72.2%	+3.0%
Oregon	2,961,623	86.6%	3,202,778	83.6%	+8.1%
Pennsylvania	10,484,203	85.4%	10,403,248	81.9%	-0.7%
Rhode Island	891,191	85.0%	856,790	81.4%	-3.8%
South Carolina	2,695,560	67.2%	3,061,991	66.2%	+13.6%
South Dakota	669,404	88.7%	699,381	85.9%	+4.5%
Tennessee	4,563,310	80.2%	4,924,577	77.6%	+7.9%
Texas	14,799,505	71.0%	17,702,475	70.4%	+19.6%
Utah	1,992,975	89.2%	2,379,705	86.1%	+19.4%
Vermont	589,208	96.8%	596,331	95.3%	+1.2%
Virginia	5,120,110	72.3%	5,488,702	68.6%	+7.2%
Washington	4,821,823	81.8%	5,198,070	77.3%	+7.8%
West Virginia	1,718,777	95.0%	1,739,961	93.9%	+1.2%
Wisconsin	4,769,857	88.9%	4,902,182	86.2%	+2.8%
Wyoming	454,670	92.1%	510,846	90.7%	+12.3%
American Samoa	682	1.2%
Guam	10,666	6.9%
Northern Mariana Islands	1,274	1.8%
Puerto Rico	3,064,862	80.5%	2,824,148	75.8%	-7.8%
U.S. Virgin Islands	12,275	11.3%	13,939	13.1%	+13.6%
United States of America	211,460,626	75.1%	223,553,265	72.4%	+5.7%

Culture[link]

Three members of the Kennedy political dynasty, John, Robert, and Edward. All eight of their great-grandparents immigrated from Ireland.

White American culture derived its earliest influences from English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish and Irish settlers and is quantitatively the largest proportion of American culture. From their earliest presence in North America, White Americans have contributed literature, art, agricultural skills, foods, clothing styles, music, and language to American culture.

Four regional cultures[link]

In his 1989 book "Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America" (ISBN 0-19-506905-6), David Hackett Fischer explores the details of the folkways of four different groups of settlers from the British Isles that came to the American colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries from distinct regions of Britain and Ireland. His thesis is that the culture of each group persisted (albeit in modified form), providing the basis for the modern United States.^{[page needed]}

According to Fischer, the foundation of America's four regional cultures was formed from four mass migrations from four different regions of the British Isles by four distinct ethno-cultural groups. New England's formative period occurred between 1629 and 1640 when Puritans, mostly from East Anglia in England, settled there, thus forming the basis for the New England regional culture. The next mass migration was of southern English Cavaliers and their Irish and Scottish servants to the Chesapeake Bay region between 1640 and 1675. This spawned the creation of the American Southern culture.^{[page needed]}

Then, between 1675 and 1725, thousands of Irish, Cornish, English and Welsh Quakers plus many Germans sympathetic to Quaker ideas, led by William Penn, settled the Delaware Valley. This resulted in the formation of the General American culture, although, according to Fischer, this is really a "regional culture," even if it does today encompass most of the U.S. from the mid-Atlantic states to the Pacific Coast. Finally, a huge number of settlers from the borderlands between England and Scotland, and from northern Ireland, migrated to Appalachia between 1717 and 1775. This resulted in the formation of the Upland South regional culture, which has since expanded to the west to West Texas and parts of the U.S. Southwest.^{[page needed]}

In his book, Fischer brings up several points. He states that the U.S. is not a country with one "general" culture and several "regional" culture, as is commonly thought. Rather, there are only four regional cultures as described above, and understanding this helps one to more clearly understand American history as well as contemporary American life. Fischer also asserts that it is not only important to understand where different groups came from, but when. All population groups have, at different times, their own unique set of beliefs, fears, hopes and prejudices. When different groups came to America and brought certain beliefs and values with them, these ideas became, according to Fischer, more or less frozen in time, even if they eventually changed in their original place of origin.^{[page needed]}

Admixture[link]

Many whites have varying amounts of Native American and African ancestry. In a recent study, Gonçalves et al. 2007 reported Sub-Saharan and Amerindian mtDna lineages at a frequency of 3.1% (respectively 0.90% and 2.2%) in White Americans of European descent.^[48] In another study, about 30% of all White Americans, approximately 66 million people, have a median of 2.3% of Black African admixture.^[49]

See also[link]

United States portal

Backgrounds:

• African American
• Angry white male
• Asian American
• Arab American
• Native American
• Immigration to the United States
• Race in the United States
• Race and ethnicity in the United States

Diaspora:

• White African
• White Latin American
• White Mexican
• White people

References[link]

External links[link]

• White Population 2000 from the US Census

Steve Lawler is a British house music producer and DJ born in Birmingham, England. He has held residences at many popular dance clubs such as Space, The End and Twilo. Because of his successful performances at Space in Ibiza, he has been nicknamed "King of Space".^[1][2] Lawler has released several mix albums and is especially well known for his Lights Out series featured on Boxed. He currently runs the record label Viva Music. He also founded the now defunct Harlem Records.

Biography[link]

Steve Lawler originally gained interest in the music scene around the age of 16, listening to pirate radio stations.^[3] Beginning at age 17, Lawler staged a series of illegal parties in a tunnel under the M42 motorway from 1990 to 1994.^[4][5] After several parties, the event began to regularly attract over 500 people and eventually earned Lawler appearances at proper clubs.^[5]

Lawler's "big break" came in 1995, when DJ Jason Bye asked him to play daily at Ibiza's reputed Café Mambo of San Antonio "Sunset strip" fame.^[6] Here, he met Darren Hughes of the nightclub Cream, who signed him to a residency at Cream.^[6] In 2000, Steve started his new residency for Darren Hughes, at the infamous Club Home, where Steve Lawler held his own Friday nights Deep South which he ran for 1 year only. He also released the single "Rise In" on Bedrock Records, which featured vocals from the Reef song Mellow (and previously remixed by Prince Quick) and reached #50 on the UK Singles Chart and #15 on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play.^[7][8] This same year, he was asked by Boxed to mix the third entry in their Nubreed series, Nubreed 003. After his Nubreed release, Lawler approached Boxed with the idea for the Lights Out series.^[9] In 2001 Lawler started a night in his hometown Birmingham called the Midweek Session, this was run for 12 parties only, running monthly on a Thursday night. Lawler returned to London in 2002 with the beginning of his "Harlem Nights" event at The End, which has since been changed to "Viva" to reflect Lawler's label VIVa MUSiC.^[10][11] Lawler founded the digital record label Viva Music in 2005, citing as a reaction to the increased sales in MP3s relative to vinyl and CDs.^[3][10] Lawler himself stopped using vinyl in live sets, exclusively using Serato/CDs.^[5][9]

Lawler's wife Daniela appeared as a contestant on Come Dine With Me on Channel 4 between 22 and 26 November 2010.^[12]

Musical genres[link]

Lawler describes his style of house music to be "deep" and "sexy".^[1] Others have echoed his sentiments, comparing Lawler's music to disco in terms of attitude.^[2] Though he's often named a Tech DJ, Lawler says that he prefers not to fall under any particular genre.^[1] Lawler's music is House and Techno, but Lawler maintains that he is against the 1980s electro revival, describing it as "shit in the first place".^[1][2] Of the music Lawler plays, he is known to perform his own edited versions.^[13]

Influences[link]

Rather than any particular genre or musical groups, Lawler says that his brand of dark house is influenced more by "vices" and dark experiences.^[1] He does, however, claim his biggest inspirations as Depeche Mode and The Doors, citing their dark lyrics and atmosphere.^[5] Lawler says that the DJ that was most influential on him was Danny Tenaglia, admiring his passion and dedication to DJ-ing and clubbers.^[1][5]

Selected discography[link]

Albums

• 2000: Dark Drums (Tide)
• 2000: Nubreed 003 (Boxed)
• 2000: Home (INCredible)
• 2001: Dark Drums 2 (Tide)
• 2002: Lights Out (Boxed)
• 2003: Lights Out 2 (Boxed)
• 2005: Lights Out 3 (Global Underground Ltd.)
• 2006: Viva (Ministry of Sound)
• 2007: Viva London (Renaissance Records, Ultra Records)
• 2008: Viva Toronto (Renaissance Records, Ultra Records)
• 2011: "Lights Out Decade" (VivaMusic)

Singles^[7][8]

• 1999: Novacane - "Rainmaker" (Glow Recordings)
• 2000: "Rise In" (Bedrock) (UK Singles Chart #50, Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play #15/Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales #41)
• 2002: "Andante" (Bedrock)
• 2004: "Out At Night" (Subversive)
• 2005: "That Sound" (Beside Music, Joia Records)
• 2006: S.L.A.D.L.Y. - "Unicorn" (VIVa MUSiC)
• 2007: "Courses For Horses" (Renaissance Recordings)
• 2007: "Violet" (Viva Music)
• 2007: "Sleep Walking (Tsuba)
• 2008: "21st Century Ketchup" (Sci-Tec)
• 2008: "Femme Fatale" (Ovum)
• 2009: "Kalimba" (R&S Records)
• 2009: "Carnival" (Tanzbar)
• 2009: "Distrait" (Systematic)
• 2009: "Hocus Pocus" (VIVa MUSiC)
• 2010: "Almerina" (Harthouse)
• 2010: "Gimme Some More" (VIVa MUSiC)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Steve Lawler Official Website
• VIVa MUSiC Official Website
• Steve Lawler discography at Discogs
• Steve Lawler discography at MusicBrainz
• Steve Lawler Tracklisting Archive
• Clubplanet Interviews Steve Lawler

Stanley Gordon Long (born November 6, 1929 in Owen Sound, Ontario) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played three games in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens. Died January 10, 1982 in Strathroy, Ontario

External links[link]

• Stan Long's career stats at The Internet Hockey Database

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