Paula Corbin Jones (born Paula Rosalee Corbin; September 17, 1966) is a former Arkansas state employee who sued U.S. President Bill Clinton for sexual harassment. The lawsuit was dismissed before trial on the grounds that Jones failed to demonstrate any damages. However, while the dismissal was being appealed, Clinton entered into an out-of-court settlement, agreeing to pay Jones and her attorneys a total of $850,000.

The Paula Jones case precipitated Clinton's impeachment. Charges of perjury and obstruction of justice were brought against Clinton based on statements he made during the depositions for the Jones lawsuit. The specific statements were about the nature of his relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, with whom he denied having a sexual relationship.

Early life[link]

Jones was born in Lonoke, Arkansas. She was raised a member of the Church of the Nazarene, the daughter of a minister of that church.^[1]

Jones v. Clinton[link]

Background[link]

According to Jones' account, on May 8, 1991, Paula Jones was escorted to the room of Clinton, then Governor of Arkansas, in the Excelsior^[2][3][4] (now Peabody) Hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he propositioned her. She claimed she kept quiet about the incident until 1994, when a David Brock story in the conservative magazine American Spectator told a lurid account, sometimes referred to as Troopergate, about an Arkansas employee named "Paula" who offered to be Clinton's girlfriend. Jones filed a sexual harassment suit against Clinton on May 6, 1994, two days prior to the 3-year statute of limitations, and sought $750,000 in damages.^[5]

In his book, Blinded by the Right, David Brock later claimed that in order to maintain journalistic integrity, he agreed to write the Troopergate article only if the four state troopers whom he interviewed were not paid. A conservative fundraiser later admitted that he had paid each of the troopers $6,700 behind Brock's back. Following the admission, Brock publicly apologized to President Clinton for his Troopergate story, which he stated was written not "in the interest of good government or serious journalism," but as part of an "anti-Clinton crusade."^[6]

Initial lawsuit[link]

Jones was initially represented by Gilbert Davis and Joseph Cammarata, two Washington, D.C.-area lawyers. Susan Carpenter-McMillan, a California conservative commentator, became her press spokesperson. Carpenter-McMillan wasted no time in using the press to attack Clinton to a much greater degree, calling him "un-American," a "liar," and a "philanderer" on Meet the Press, Crossfire, Equal Time, Larry King Live, Today, The Geraldo Rivera Show, Burden of Proof, Hannity & Colmes, Talkback Live, and other shows. "I do not respect a man who cheats on his wife, and exposes his penis to a stranger," she said.^[7]

Judge Susan Webber Wright granted President Clinton's motion for summary judgment, ruling that Jones could not show that she had suffered any damages. Jones appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, where, at oral argument, two of the three judges on the panel appeared sympathetic to her arguments.^[8]

Clinton and his defense team then challenged Jones' right to bring a civil lawsuit against a sitting president for an incident that occurred prior to the defendant's becoming president. The Clinton defense team took the position that the trial should be delayed until the president was no longer in office, because the job of the president is unique and does not allow him to take time away from it to deal with a private civil lawsuit. The case went through the courts, eventually reaching the Supreme Court on January 13, 1997. On May 27, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled against Clinton, and allowed the lawsuit to proceed.^[2] Clinton dismissed Jones' story and agreed to move on with the lawsuit.^[9]

On August 29, 1997, Jones' attorneys Gilbert Davis and Joseph Cammarata asked to resign from the case believing the settlement offer they had secured, which Jones refused, was the appropriate way to end the case.^[10] In September, Judge Wright accepted their request.^[5]

Jones was then represented by the Rutherford Institute, a conservative legal organization, and by a Dallas law firm. Carpenter-McMillan continued to serve as Jones' spokesperson. In December of 1997, Jones reduced the damages sought in her suit against Clinton to $525,000 and agreed to remove Danny Ferguson from the suit.^[5]

Conclusion of case[link]

On November 13, 1998, Clinton settled with Jones for $850,000, the entire amount of her claim, but without an apology, in exchange for her agreement to drop the appeal. Robert S. Bennett, Clinton's attorney, still maintained that Jones' claim was baseless and that Clinton only settled so he could end the lawsuit and move on with his life.^[8] In March 1999, Judge Wright ruled that Jones would only get $200,000 from the settlement and that the rest of the money would pay for her legal expenses.^[11]

Before the end of the entire litigation, her marriage broke apart and she appeared in the news media to show the results of a nose job paid for by a donor.^[12].^[13]

In April 1999, Judge Wright found Clinton in civil contempt of court for misleading testimony in the Jones case. She ordered Clinton to pay $1,202 to the court and an additional $90,000 to Jones' lawyers for expenses incurred.^[14][15][16] Far less than the $496,000 that the lawyers originally requested.^[16]

Wright then referred Clinton's conduct to the Arkansas Bar for disciplinary action, and on January 19, 2001, the day before Clinton left office, he entered into an agreement with the Arkansas Bar and Independent Counsel Robert Ray under which Clinton was stripped of his license to practice law for a period of five years.^[17] His fine was paid from a fund raised for his legal expenses.

Lewinsky scandal connection[link]

Jones's lawyers decided to show to the court a pattern of behavior by Clinton that involved his allegedly repeatedly becoming sexually involved with state or government employees. Jones's lawyers therefore subpoenaed women they suspected Clinton had had affairs with, one of whom was Monica Lewinsky. In his deposition for the Jones lawsuit, Clinton denied having "sexual relations" with Monica Lewinsky. Based on evidence provided by Linda Tripp, which identified the existence of a blue dress with Clinton's semen on it, Kenneth Starr concluded that this sworn testimony was false and perjurious.

During the deposition in the Jones case, Clinton was asked, "Have you ever had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, as that term is defined in Deposition Exhibit 1, as modified by the Court?" The judge ordered that Clinton be given an opportunity to review the definition. It said that "a person engages in sexual relations when the person knowingly engages in or causes contact with the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person with an intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person."^[18][19][20] Clinton flatly denied having sexual relations with Ms. Lewinsky.^[21] Later, at the Starr Grand Jury, Clinton stated that he believed the definition of sexual relations agreed upon for the Jones deposition excluded his receiving oral sex. It was upon the basis of this statement that the perjury charges in his impeachment were drawn up. Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998, on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice. But despite Republican control of the Senate, Republicans were unable to muster the required two-thirds supermajority to convict, with 45 senators voting guilty on the perjury charge and 50 on the obstruction charge.

Life following the Clinton lawsuit[link]

Jones' legal fund did not cover the attorneys' fees, and Jones's personal life was disrupted during the controversy: she was divorced by her husband, purchased a house after the settlement, and incurred a large tax bill, then posed nude for Penthouse, claiming that she would use the money to pay the tax and fund her two grade-school-aged children's college education. This caused her to be publicly denounced as "trailer-park trash" by conservative commentator Ann Coulter, who said, "I totally believed she was the good Christian girl who had suffered sexual harassment. That is what she made herself out to be.... [N]ow it turns out she's a fraud, at least to the extent of pretending to be an honorable and moral person." Jones attempted to defend herself on Larry King Live, stating, "I haven't been out doing anything and trying to make a lot of money. I haven't been offered a book deal like everybody else in this huge thing has done. Ann Coulter's done books. I haven't seen her call me up and say: 'Paula, would you like for me to help you write a book, a really nice, decent book?' I haven't had any help from anybody whatsoever."

See also[link]

• Juanita Broaddrick, aka Jane Doe #5 in Jones' lawsuit
• Gennifer Flowers
• Kathleen Willey
• Monica Lewinsky

Further reading[link]

• Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage. ISBN 1-4000-3003-X.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Barak, Daphne (1998-09-23). "Jones would have been happy with an apology". Irish Examiner. http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1998/09/23/fhead.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 
• Conason, Joe; Lyons, Gene (2000). The Hunting of the President. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0-312-24547-5. 
• Givhan, Robin (1998-01-16). "Paula Jones's About-Face". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/pjones/stories/pj011698.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 
• Paula Jones at the Internet Movie Database

Tonya Maxene^[1] Harding (born November 12, 1970) is an American figure skating champion, a two-time Olympian, and a two-time Skate America Champion. In 1991 she won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships and placed second in the World Championships. She was the second woman, and the first American woman, to complete a triple axel jump in competition. She became notorious after her ex-husband, Jeff Gillooly, conspired with Shawn Eckhardt^[2] and Shane Stant to physically assault her skating competitor Nancy Kerrigan at a practice session during the 1994 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. (Stant carried out the assault as planned.)

Early life[link]

Harding was born in Portland, Oregon, the daughter of LaVona and Al Harding. She had a half-brother, Chris Davison (deceased). Her father had health problems that sometimes made him unable to work. She claims that her mother sexually abused her, a claim her mother denies.^[3] She began skating at an early age under the direction of the late Sylvia Harpolscheimer. She landed her first triple lutz at age 12. Her mother made many of her skating costumes.

She stopped attending high school during her sophomore year and later earned a GED as she started receiving invitations to international skating competitions while she was still in junior high school.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life[link]

She married Jeff Gillooly in 1990, when she was 19 years old. Their tumultuous marriage ended in divorce in 1993, when she was 22.^[4] She divorced her second husband Michael Smith in 1995.^[4] She married 42-year-old Joseph Jens Price^[5] on June 23, 2010.^[6] On February 11, 2011, it was announced that she was pregnant with her first child.^[7] Harding gave birth to a son at age 40 on February 19, 2011.^[8]

Skating career[link]

Harding began working her way up the competitive skating ladder in the mid-1980s, placing sixth at the 1986 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, fifth in 1987 and 1988, and third in 1989. She was considered a strong contender at the 1990 U.S. Figure Skating Championships after having won Skate America 1989 but she had a poor free skate as a result of suffering from the flu and asthma, and dropped from second place after the original program to finish seventh overall. While she was powerful with her jumps and spins she did not perform well with the compulsory figures.

Harding's breakthrough year was in 1991, where she landed her first triple axel at the U.S. Championships, winning the title with the event's first 6.0 ever given to a single female skater for technical merit. She competed well at the World Championships but finished second to Kristi Yamaguchi. She would again complete the triple axel during her long program at the World Championships, becoming the first American woman to do so. In her career, she landed four triple axels in competition (all of them in 1991) where she completed each one she tried: One at the U.S. Championships, another at the World Championships, and two at the Fall 1991 Skate America competition.

At the Fall 1991 Skate America, Harding recorded three more firsts:

1. The first woman to complete a triple axel in the short program
2. The first woman to successfully execute two triple axels in a single competition
3. The first ever to complete a triple axel combination with the double toe loop

Despite her initial record-breaking performances, she was never able to successfully perform the triple axel in a competition after 1991 and her career began to decline as a result. In 1992, she placed third in the U.S. Championships after twisting her ankle in practice. She finished fourth in the 1992 Winter Olympics, and in the 1992 World Championships she placed sixth in a weak field. The following season, she skated poorly in the 1993 U.S. Championships and failed to qualify for the World Championship team.

Series of incidents[link]

The latter part of her competitive career was marked by a series of blunders, causing television commentators to observe that no competition was complete without Harding having a crisis:^{[citation needed]}

• Skating magazine reported that at Skate America in 1991, she was stranded in heavy traffic just before her event was scheduled to begin and had to hitch a ride with people who drove her backwards through traffic to the arena.^[9]
• Harding arrived so late for the competition at the 1992 Olympic Winter Games that her performance was affected by jet lag.^{[10][11][12][13]}
• In the short program at the 1993 Nationals, she had to ask permission from the referee to restart her program after the back of her dress came unhooked as she began to skate.^[14][15]
• At the 1993 Skate America, she stopped midway through her free skate and complained to the referee that her skate blade had become loose. She was allowed to resume her program after her blades were checked by a skate technician.^[15][16][17] In the same event, she claimed to be suffering from an ovarian cyst that was on the verge of bursting, seriously endangering her health.^[10]
• In late 1993, Harding was scheduled to compete in a regional qualifying competition for the 1994 National Championship. However, before the event, its organizers received an anonymous assassination threat against her, and the United States Figure Skating Association told her to stay away, exempting her from having to qualify.^[18]
• The medal ceremony at the 1994 Championships had to be delayed because she could not be found backstage after the competition.
• During the 1994 Winter Olympics, she almost failed to appear on the ice when her name was called for the free skating because she was scrambling to replace a broken skate lace. The replacement turned out to be too short to fully lace up the skate, and after missing the opening jump in her program she again had to ask the referee for permission to find a new lace.^{[15][19][20][21]}

In addition to the incidents listed above, Harding went through a series of coaching changes, at one point even attempting to coach herself.^[22] In spite of the publicity she received about being handicapped by asthma, she also periodically smoked.^[23]

Attack on Nancy Kerrigan[link]

International media attending Tonya Harding's practice sessions in preparation for the 1994 Olympics at Clackamas Town Center.

Harding became notorious in conjunction with the January 6, 1994, attack on her competitor Nancy Kerrigan. The widely publicized attack took place during a practice session for the 1994 U.S. Figure Skating Championships in Detroit. Her ex-husband, Jeff Gillooly, and her bodyguard, Shawn Eckhardt,^[2] hired Shane Stant to break Kerrigan's right leg so that she would be unable to skate. He followed her to Detroit after failing to find her at her training rink in Massachusetts, and struck her on the thigh a few inches above the knee with a collapsible police baton.^[24] Her leg was only bruised, not broken, but the injury forced her to withdraw from the national championship. Harding won that event, and they both were selected for the 1994 Olympic team. After Harding admitted to helping to cover up the attack, the USFSA and United States Olympic Committee initiated proceedings to remove her from the Olympic team, but she retained her place after threatening legal action.^[25] She finished eighth in Lillehammer, while Kerrigan, by then fully recovered from the injury, won the silver medal.

The attack on Kerrigan and the news of Harding's alleged involvement led to a media frenzy of saturation news coverage. She appeared on the cover of both Time and Newsweek magazines in January 1994. Reporters and TV news crews attended her practices in Portland and camped out in front of Kerrigan's home. CBS assigned Connie Chung to follow her every move in Lillehammer. Counting 400 members of the press jammed into the practice rink in Norway, Scott Hamilton complained that "the world press was turning the Olympics into just another sensational tabloid event".^[26] The tape-delayed broadcast of the short program at the Olympics remains one of the most watched telecasts in American history.^[27]

On February 1, 1994, Gillooly accepted a plea bargain in exchange for his testimony against Harding. Gillooly, Stant, Eckhardt, and getaway car driver Derrick Smith all served time in prison for the attack.^[28] Eckhardt was sentenced to 18 months in prison for racketeering but was released four months early in September 1995.^[2]

Harding avoided further prosecution and a possible jail sentence by pleading guilty on March 16 to conspiring to hinder prosecution of the attackers.^[29] She received three years probation, 500 hours of community service and a $160,000 fine. As part of the plea bargain, she was also forced to withdraw from the 1994 World Figure Skating Championships and resign from the USFSA.^[30] On June 30, 1994, after conducting its own investigation of the attack, the USFSA stripped her of her 1994 U.S. Championships title and banned her for life from participating in USFSA-run events as either a skater or a coach.^[31] The USFSA concluded that she knew about the attack before it happened and displayed "a clear disregard for fairness, good sportsmanship and ethical behavior". Although the USFSA has no control over professional skating events, she was also persona non grata on the pro circuit because few skaters and promoters would work with her. Consequently, she failed to benefit from the pro skating boom that ensued in the aftermath of the scandal.^[26]

Harding continued to maintain that she was innocent and professed her disgust with the attack, even going so far as to get an angel tattooed on her back, allegedly as a symbol of her innocence^{[citation needed]}. In her 2008 autobiography, The Tonya Tapes, she said that she wanted to call the FBI to reveal what she knew, but refused when Gillooly allegedly threatened her with death following a gunpoint gang rape by him and two other men she did not know. He subsequently changed his name to Jeff Stone and called the allegations "utterly ridiculous".^[3] Eckhardt, who legally changed his name to Brian Sean Griffith following his release from jail, died of natural causes at age 40 on December 12, 2007.^[2]

Later celebrity[link]

Harding entered the celebrity sex tape world when an explicit "Wedding Video" showed her having sex with her ex-husband, Jeff Gillooly. Gillooly had sold the tape to a tabloid TV show after being implicated as a conspirator in the Kerrigan attack. Stills from the tape were published by Penthouse in September 1994 and the tape itself^[32] was released at about the same time. Harding tried to distance herself from it.

She appeared on a USA Pro Wrestling show in 1994 as the manager for wrestler Art Barr.^{[citation needed]}

A one-off promotional musical event was unsuccessful when she and her band, the Golden Blades, were booed off the stage in their only performance, in 1995 in Portland, Oregon.^[33][34]

She had a part in a 1996 crime-film entitled Breakaway, playing the girlfriend of a criminal.

In late 1996 she used mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to help revive an 81-year-old woman, Alice Olson, who collapsed at a bar in Portland, Oregon while playing video poker.^[35] (Olson died at age 90 in 2005.)

In March 2008 she became a regular commentator for TruTV's The Smoking Gun Presents: World's Dumbest....

Harding had a number of minor run-ins with the law following her involvement with the Kerrigan attack. Some of the incidents that have been reported in the press^[36] include the following:

• On May 25, 1995, it was reported that she claimed she was being stalked by someone driving a white Lincoln Town Car, resulting in a car chase involving her, her ex-husband Gillooly, and the police.^[37]
• On February 12, 1997, Harding claimed that she was abducted at knife-point outside her home by a bushy-haired man who forced her to drive to a rural area, where she rammed her truck into a tree and escaped by running into the woods. Police found no evidence of an abduction. This alleged incident happened on the opening weekend of the 1997 U.S. Figure Skating Championships.^[38]
• On October 16, 1997, she reported that her truck had been stolen from a shopping mall parking lot.^[39]
• On January 6, 2000, Harding was in the news again after she lost control of her truck on an icy road and landed in a ditch. Her then boyfriend, Darren Silver, allegedly made threats against a press photographer.^[40]
• On February 24, 2000, Harding was ordered by a Clark County judge to avoid alcohol and her former boyfriend, Darren Silver, after being booked on fourth-degree Domestic Violence assault charges for punching and throwing a hubcap at him at their Camas, Washington residence.^[41] She was also sentenced to 3 days in jail and 10 days of community service on a work crew.^[42] Shortly before this Harding was attempting to make a comeback as a professional skater, but the hubcap incident effectively ended her return to skating.^[43]
• On April 20, 2002, she was involved in another accident with her truck. She was cited for drunk driving and a violation of her probation agreement from her 2000 conviction.^[44]
• On October 23, 2005, Harding, apparently under the influence of alcohol again, was involved in a fight at her home in Vancouver, Washington with Christopher Nolan, a man she described as her boyfriend. Initially, she made a 911 call claiming to have been assaulted in her home by two masked men. For his part, Nolan claimed that she attacked him after having too much to drink. In the end, he was charged with assault and ordered to stay away from her and to avoid alcohol.^[45]
• On March 11, 2007, the Clark County sheriff's office responded to two calls related to her.^[46] The first call was from Harding, at 5 a.m. She told the officer who responded that she had observed five armed intruders trying to steal her vehicle and hide rifles on her property. The responding officer's report described her as "agitated" and her story as "very implausible," and recorded her frustration that others could not see the people she saw. He could find no evidence to back up her claims. The second call, four hours later, at 9 a.m., was from a friend who had agreed to let her visit. Her host told police that although she was not violent, she was "tweaking out, seeing animals," and she was worried about her children's safety. She requested police return her to her home. Police reported that the officer who returned to her home inspected her house, to reassure her, and advised her to seek medical help. Linda Lewis, her longtime agent, attributed her behavior to a bad reaction to legitimate prescription drugs.

Boxing career[link]

In 2002, she boxed on the Fox TV network Celebrity Boxing event against Paula Jones, winning the fight. On February 22, 2003, she made her official women's professional boxing debut, losing a four round decision in the undercard of the Mike Tyson-Clifford Etienne bout, amid rumors that she was having financial difficulties and needed to box to earn money.

She won her third pro bout against Alejandra Lopez at the Creek Nations Gaming Center.

On March 23, 2004, it was reported that she cancelled a planned boxing match against Tracy Carlton in Oakland, California because of an alleged death threat against her.

On June 24, 2004, after reportedly not having boxed for over a year, she was beaten in a match in Edmonton, Alberta by boxer Amy Johnson. Fans reportedly booed her as she entered the ring and cheered wildly for Johnson as she won in the third round. Harding later protested the outcome.

Her boxing career was quite short, a brevity she attributes to asthma.^[47] Her overall record was 3–3–0.^[48]

Boxing record[link]

Land speed record[link]

On August 12, 2009, Harding set a new land speed record for a vintage gas coupe with a speed of 97.177 MPH driving a 1931 Ford Model A, named Lickity - Split, on the Bonneville Salt Flats.^[50][51]

In popular culture[link]

• The book Women on Ice: Feminist Essays on the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle (ISBN 0-415-91150-8), published in 1995, included a number of essays analyzing her public image in the context of the sport of figure skating.
• In an episode of the television program Seinfeld called The Understudy, Jerry Seinfeld is dating the understudy of stage performer Bette Midler named Gennice, who is played by Adelaide Miller. Seinfeld's friend George accidentally injures Midler in a softball game and the understudy has to take over Midler's part in the musical Rochelle Rochelle. Enraged fans then call Seinfeld "Gillooly," in addition to George and Gennice getting into mishaps and being shunned for the incident. When Gennice takes the stage, she has a problem with the laces on her boot and, in an act reminiscent of Harding's bootlace incident, tearfully asks that she be allowed to start over.^[52][53]
• Spunk: The Tonya Harding Story was a satircal short which aired on Comedy Central during the 1994 Olympic Games. In the short, Nancy Kerrigan (Sam Carrell) plans an attack on herself and frames Harding (Tina Yothers) as the mastermind behind it. ^[54]
• Elizabeth Searle's novella, Celebrities In Disgrace, centers on the Harding-Kerrigan affair. The novel was adapted by Searle and composer Abigail Al-Doory to Tonya and Nancy: The Opera, a chamber opera produced in May 2006 by Tufts University and performed at the American Repertory Theater's Zero Arrow Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts, under the direction of Meron Langsner. A documentary on the making of the opera and the media frenzy it caused is currently in post-production at Charles River Media Group. The film, titled A Good Whack, is directed by Don Schechter. As of 2005, the novel on which the opera was based is also being adapted into a short film. Searle later created Tonya & Nancy: The Rock Opera, which premiered on the West Coast in 2008 and which Harding herself attended.^{[citation needed]}
• She was the subject of "Tonya's Twirls", a song by Loudon Wainwright III, a US folk musician.^[55] The song draws humor from her lifestyle, but it ultimately resolves as a lament for lost innocence. The song was recorded and issued on Social Studies (1999), with a live recording also issued on So Damn Happy (2003).
• In the 1994 satire movie Attack of the 5 Ft. 2 In. Women, Julie Brown played the role of "Tonya Hardly".^[56]
• The "Weird Al" Yankovic song "Headline News" contains lyrics about Harding and her role in the attack on Kerrigan.
• In addition, she and her role in the Kerrigan attack have been widely referenced in sitcom episodes, music videos, and even a primary campaign speech by Barack Obama.^[57]

Figure skating results[link]

Sources:^[58][59][60]

References[link]

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (April 2012)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tonya Harding

• tonyaharding.org Discussion Forum and Archive of Tonya Harding files
• sptimes.com Harding, Kerrigan are linked forever by skating incident
• courttv.com Interview with Harvey Schiller, former Exec. Dir. US Olympic Committee (talks about Harding)
• Interview with Tonya Harding from 2009
• Tonya Harding at the Internet Movie Database

Gennifer Flowers (born January 24, 1950) is a model and actress who allegedly had a sexual relationship with former U.S. President Bill Clinton. Prior to Bill Clinton's presidency, she also posed nude for Penthouse magazine and was an actress in two films and one TV show. After becoming a celebrity, she acted as herself in two films and guest starred as herself in various TV shows.

The Bill Clinton controversy[link]

Gennifer Flowers came forward during Bill Clinton's 1992 Presidential election campaign, alleging that she had had a 12-year relationship with him.^[1] Flowers at first denied that she had an affair with Clinton, but later changed her story.^[2]

After Bill Clinton denied having a relationship with Flowers on 60 Minutes, she held a press conference in which she played tape recordings she had secretly recorded of phone calls with Clinton.^[2] Clinton subsequently apologized publicly to Mario Cuomo for remarks he made about the then-Governor of New York on the tapes. However, news reports at the time speculated that the taped phone conversations between Flowers and Clinton could have been doctored.^[2][3] Clinton aides James Carville and George Stephanopoulos also backed this claim as well.^[4] George Stephanopoulos later claimed in a 2000 interview with journalist Tim Russert that "Oh, it was absolutely his voice, but they were selectively edited in a way to - to create some - some impression."^[5]

In December 1996, Gennifer Flowers talked about her sexual relationship with Bill Clinton on The Richard Bey Show. The show was canceled the following day. Richard Bey later attributed a direct connection between the two consecutive events.^[6]

In his presidential deposition in January 1998, while denying Kathleen Willey's sexual accusations against him, Bill Clinton admitted that he had a sexual encounter with Flowers.^[7] In 1998, Flowers admitted that she had made a total net profit of $500,000 by publicizing her alleged affair with Clinton to Penthouse, Star Magazine and other news sources.^[8] In his 2004 autobiography My Life, Clinton acknowledged testifying under oath that he had an encounter with Flowers. He stated it was only on one occasion in 1977.^[7][8][9] However, it has not been proven exactly what type of sexual advances Clinton made during this 1977 encounter.^[9]

Flowers sued George Stephanopoulos, James Carville and others in 1999 for defamation (later amending the suit in 2000 to include Hillary Rodham Clinton as a defendant), claiming that they orchestrated a campaign to discredit her. Judicial Watch represented her in her defamation lawsuit against Hillary's former aides, Stephanopoulos and Carville.^[10] In her case, Flowers argued that the defendants ignored obvious warning signs that the television news reports did not conclusively determine that someone had interfered with the tapes.^[11] Summary judgment dismissing the case was given by a US district court in 2004.^[11] The dismissal was affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit in 2006.^[12]

Post controversy years[link]

Gennifer Flowers published her memoir Gennifer Flowers: Passion and Betrayal in 1995. In it, she claimed she had experienced a sexual naïveté at the time of her alleged relationship with Clinton.^{[citation needed]}

She posed nude for Penthouse magazine during this period and was featured in the December 1992 issue along with her story "Gennifer Flowers Tells All, Shows All".

After already being an actress in an Australian film in 1987, she played in another independent Australian film in 1992 and in the same year guest starred in the adult themed television comedy Dream On. She then played herself in Play It to the Bone and various TV shows.

Until Hurricane Katrina, she ran a cabaret called the Kelsto Club in a former bordello in New Orleans's French Quarter. As of 2007, she lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, where she occasionally writes a column.^[13]

In 2008, she put the answering machine tapes of her conversations with Bill Clinton up for auction.^[14]

Filmography[link]

• Frenchman's Farm (1987), Mrs. Grenville
• Redheads (aka Desperate Prey) (1992), Carolyn
• The War Room (1993), herself
• Play It to the Bone (1999), herself
• Definitely, Maybe (2008), herself

TV appearances[link]

• The Howard Stern Show, herself - in "Episode dated 1 February 1992" (1992)
• Dream On (TV series) - in the episode "And Bimbo Was His Name-O" (1992)
• The Richard Bey Show, herself - in the episode "Clinton Scandals" (1996). The show was cancelled the following day and Richard Bey later attributed a direct connection between the two consecutive events
• WrestleMania XIV (1998), herself
• The Frank Skinner Show, herself - in episode #2.7 (1998)
• Where Are They Now? (VH1 TV series), herself - in the episode "Notorious & Newsworthy" (2000)
• Weakest Link (US), herself - in the episode "Newsmakers Edition" (2001)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official site
• "Gennifer Flowers". NNDB. http://www.nndb.com/people/035/000024960/. 
• Gennifer Flowers at the Internet Movie Database

Paula Michelle White is a Christian author, speaker, and church leader. She is co-founder of Without Walls International Church; a large, influential, non-denominational, charismatic church with two locations in Florida. She hosts a television show, Paula White Today, produced by Paula White Ministries seen on multiple networks including Black Entertainment Television, and the Trinity Broadcast Network. She currently is the senior pastor of both church locations for Without Walls International Church.

In many of her sermons, empowerment seminars, and books Paula White discusses her childhood traumas and teenage flirtations with self-destruction to teach about God's transforming power. Her style has been described as humorous and candid.^[2]

Early life and youth[link]

Paula White was born Paula Michelle Furr April 20, 1966, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Myra Joanelle and Donald Paul Furr III. Her parents owned a thriving toy and craft store. Paula and her brother, Mark, had all their needs and desires met.^[2] Donald and Myra Furr's marriage began to fail when Paula was five years old. Paula's mother left Tupelo and took her to Memphis. Paula's father followed with an ultimatum for Myra to give Paula to him or he would commit suicide. Myra refused. Later that night Donald Furr killed himself by running his car into a tree.^[3] Paula's mother became an alcoholic. While her mother worked, White was looked after by caregivers. White has said that she was sexually and physically abused for seven years between the ages of six and thirteen, by different people on different occasions.^[1][4][5]

Paula’s mother remarried in 1975 to a military man when Paula was 9 years old . Her family later moved to the Washington D.C. area when her stepfather was stationed at the National Naval Medical Center. Paula White is a graduate of Seneca Valley High School in Germantown, Maryland.^[6]

In 1984 while living in Maryland, she was introduced to the gospel and became a Christian. On her television show in July 2005, White recounted the vision she received from God shortly after conversion: "When I was just eighteen years old and barely saved, the Lord gave me a vision that every time I opened my mouth and declared the Word of the Lord, there was a manifestation of his spirit where people were either healed, delivered, or saved. When I shut my mouth, they fell off into utter darkness and God spoke to me and said I called you to preach the gospel."^[2]

Paula White later on became a part of the National Church of God in Fort Washington under T.L. Lowery of Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), and a small church in Gaithersburg-Damascus, Maryland area.^[6]

Christian Ministry[link]

Without Walls International Church[link]

Without Walls International Church, originally named South Tampa Christian Center, was founded by Paula White and Randy White (pastor) in 1991.

The church struggled financially at first, and it could not afford to pay Randy and Paula White a salary for the first two years. As a result, Randy and Paula lived on government assistance and the kindness of others. Soon the church began to grow quickly through the various outreach programs. From 1991 to 1998, the church changed locations three times until they secured the property located at 2511 North Grady Avenue in Tampa, Florida and changed the name of the church to Without Walls International Church and you can see her on television every Sunday.^[2]

While the church was holding services in an outdoor tent in 1999, they reported 5,000 attendees a week and 10,000 ministered to outside of the church with 230 outreach ministries.^[7]

Without Walls International Church then purchased the property next to them at 3860 West Columbus Drive expanding their Tampa campus. The property acquired was a Canada Dry warehouse which they remodeled and is now today the main sanctuary for the church.

In 2002, Without Walls International Church began to expand to its second location in Lakeland, Florida. At this time, the church reported 14,000 members and 200 ministries including job training, evangelism among public housing projects and a teen club. On August 3, 2002, Without Walls International Church began to hold Saturday night services at Carpenter's Home Church in Lakeland renting the property.^[8][9] Carpenter's Home Church would later on be purchased by Without Walls International Church in 2005 for $8 million renaming the church to Without Walls Central Church.^[10]

In 2004, Without Walls International Church reported a congregation of 20,000 as the largest congregation in the area making the church the seventh largest church in the United States.^[11]

The Tampa Tribune reported on March 5, 2008 that Without Walls International Church has put its 4,500–seat Tampa church up for sale, along with its 13.3-acre (5 ha) grounds and 94,000-square-foot (8,733 m²) offices and television studio, asking $30 million.^[12]

Paula White Ministries[link]

White recorded the first broadcast of Paula White Today in December 2001 and, by 2006, her show appeared on nine television networks, including Trinity Broadcast Network, Daystar, and Black Entertainment Television^[2][6][13]

Ebony magazine said of White, "You know you're on to something new and significant when the most popular woman preacher on the Black Entertainment Network is a white woman."^[14]

White considers T.D. Jakes her spiritual father. Jakes invited her to speak at his "Woman Thou Art Loosed" conference in 2000. She also participated in the Mega Fest, hosted by Jakes in Atlanta, in 2004 and 2005.^[15] She has also met with General Colin Powell, former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, and Presidents George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush.^[16] She is the personal life coach of Tyra Banks and appeared on her show, the Tyra Banks Show, in an episode concerning promiscuity on October 4, 2006.^[13] White was also a 2009 Trumpet Awards Honoree.^[17]

White has ministered to some well-known people including Michael Jackson, Donald Trump, Gary Sheffield, and Darryl Strawberry.^[2] Trump, who often brings her to Atlantic City for private Bible studies, appeared on her television show for an exclusive interview.^[2] She was pastor to Darryl Strawberry, starting in 2003 following Strawberry’s release from prison for cocaine possession. Charisse Strawberry, Darryl Strawberry’s wife at that time, also worked as an assistant to White, accompanying her on speaking engagements.^[6][18][19]

Senate inquiry[link]

On November 6, 2007, United States senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa announced an investigation of White's ministry by the United States Senate Committee on Finance along with five other ministries.^[20] Grassley asked the ministries to divulge financial information.^[21][22] When CBS News reported the story, White's ministry denied any wrongdoing,^[23] and on March 31, 2008, the Senate Finance Committee received a joint financial report from Without Walls International Church and Paula White Ministries.^[24] Without Walls International Church was one of four ministries that refused to provide the full information Senator Grassley requested.^[25]

On January 6, 2011, Senator Grassley concluded the three year investigation with no penalties and no definitive findings of wrongdoing.^[26] The Alliance Defense Fund protested the investigation and the National Religious Broadcasters said the questions Senator Grassley asked were too broad.^[26] The Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability plans to create a national commission in response to the Grassley report to lead a review on accountability and policy.^[26] White interpreted the conclusion of the investigation to mean that Without Walls International Church was cleared.^[27]

Pastoral Positions[link]

On July 12, 2009, White became the senior pastor of the church she co-founded, Without Walls International Church, replacing Randy White, her former husband. Randy White stated that he was stepping down as pastor due to health reasons and would still remain connected with the church in a different position.^[28][29]

On January 1, 2011, following the resignation of Scott Thomas, White became the senior pastor of Without Walls Central Church in Lakeland, Florida making her the pastor of both church locations.^[10]

Officially announced on December 31, 2011, Paula White was appointed by the board of New Destiny Christian Church in Apopka, Florida to succeed Zachery Tims as the new pastor in the wake of his death. White remains associated with Without Walls International Church in Tampa. New Destiny Christian Center had been searching for his replacement since Tims' death in August 2011.^[30] Tims’ ex-wife Riva filed a lawsuit but quickly dropped it, citing a hold harmless clause in her 2009 marital settlement agreement.^[31]

Upon hearing of the controversy, Paula White addressed New Destiny Christian Center during a service she was leading. “I’m not asking you to like me. I’m not asking you to love me or respect me, because I’ll do the work to earn that. I always ask people to give me one year of your life and I promise you will be changed.”^[31]

Personal life[link]

Marriage[link]

White's first marriage was as a teenager to the father of her son. In 1984, while living in Maryland with her newborn baby, she was introduced to the gospel and became a Christian. Her marriage ended soon after.^[1]

According to the book, Holy Mavericks, a vital turning point came in White's life in 1989 when she met Randy White, a third-generation preacher in the Church of God denomination. Randy was recovering from the divorce of his first marriage and was in the early stages of reviving his career as a preacher and evangelist. They met while he was visiting the church where White volunteered as a janitor. They became friends and dated for several months as they labored together in ministry projects. Less than a year after meeting, Randy proposed during a tour to Israel and she accepted. Shortly thereafter they moved from Maryland to Tampa, Florida.^[2]

In an article published in The Tampa Tribune on May 20, 2007, when Paula's husband (Randy White) was asked whether he was contemplating a divorce he replied, "No one can predict the future."^[32]

On August 23, 2007, White announced to their congregation that she and Randy would divorce. Randy stated from the pulpit of Without Walls International Church: "We have a very difficult announcement to make tonight before Tim Storey preaches. And that is that we are going through a divorce. It is the most difficult decision that I have had to make in my entire life and I come to you tonight to first let you know that I take full responsibility for a failed marriage." According to The Christian Post, White says the divorce was amicable and they remain friends.^[5][27] Following the divorce, from 2007 to 2009, White ministered in New York, Texas, and abroad, while making periodic visits to Tampa and Without Walls International Church. In 2009 she became the senior pastor of Without Walls International Church resulting in her taking residence in Tampa, Florida, again.^[28] White has been accused of having an affair with controversial evangelist Benny Hinn, after photos of the pair romantically holding hands in Rome were published in a magazine^[33]

Family[link]

White has a son named Bradley. She is a step-mother to the three children Randy had from a previous marriage: Kristen Renee, Angie, and Brandon. White and Randy did not have children together.^[1] Kristen Renee died on April 30, 2008, at the age of 30 years old after a difficult battle with brain cancer. Randy White founded the Kristen Renee Foundation in Kristen's memory.^[29] White has no official role with the foundation but is an active supporter.

Bibliography[link]

• White, Paula (1998). He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not. Lake Mary: Charisma House. ISBN 978-0-88419-565-8. 
• White, Randy and Paula (2001). See Me, Hear Me, Know Me. Tampa: self published. ISBN 978-0-9712650-0-4. 
• White, Paula (2003). Birthing Your Dreams : God's Plan for Living Victoriously. Nelson Reference. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-7852-5069-7|978-0-7852-5069-7]]. 
• White, Paula (2004). Daily Treasures. Tampa: Paula White Ministries. ISBN 971265062. 
• White, Paula (2005). Simple Suggestions For a Sensational Life!. Nashville: Thomas Nelson. ISBN 1-4041-0293-0. 
• White, Paula (2006). Deal with It!. Walton-on-Thames: Thomas Nelson. ISBN 978-1-59951-008-8. 
• White, Paula (2006). First Fruits:From Promise to Provision. Tampa: Paula White Ministries. ISBN 978-0-9792092-1-5. 
• White, Paula (2007). You're All That!. Nashville: FaithWords. ISBN 978-0-446-58023-6. 
• White, Paula (2007). The Ten Commandments of Health and Wellness. Tampa: Paula White Enterprises. ISBN 978-0-9796058-1-9. 
• White, Paula (2008). Move on, move up. Nashville: FaithWords. ISBN 978-0-446-54133-6. 

References[link]

External links[link]

• Paula White Ministries
• Without Walls International Church
• Without Walls Central
• Kristen Renee Foundation

Bishop T.D. Michael Jakes
Personal details
Birth name	Thomas Dexter Jakes
Born	(1957-06-09) June 9, 1957 (age 55) South Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.
Nationality	United States
Spouse	Elder Serita Ann Jakes
Occupation	Minister Evangelist Life Coach Author SpeakerActor

Thomas Dexter "T. D." Jakes, Sr. (born June 9, 1957) is the bishop/chief pastor of The Potter's House, a non-denominational American megachurch, with 30,000 members, located in Dallas, Texas.^[1] T. D. Jakes' church services and evangelistic sermons are broadcast on The Potter's Touch, which airs on the Trinity Broadcasting Network, Black Entertainment Television,^[2] the Daystar Television Network, The Word Network and The Miracle Channel in Canada. Other aspects of Jakes' ministry include an annual revival called "MegaFest" that draws more than 100,000 people, an annual women's conference called "Woman Thou Art Loosed", and gospel music recordings.

In the fall of 2009, Jakes planned on launching a secular daily talk show, syndicated through the CBS Television Distribution group; however, economic troubles in the industry may put his new program into jeopardy.^[3]

In 2005 Jakes accompanied President George W. Bush on his visit to the areas devastated by Hurricane Katrina. In his book Decision Points, President Bush describes Jakes as "a kind of man who puts faith into action."

On January 20, 2009, Jakes led the early morning prayer service for President Barack Obama at St. John's Church in Washington, D.C., according to NBC News.

Early life and history[link]

On June 9, 1957, Thomas Dexter Jakes was born in South Charleston, West Virginia to Ernest Jakes, Sr., a janitor and entrepreneur,^[2] and Odith, an educator. Even as a child, he was known in his West Virginian neighborhood as "the bad Bible boy." He was also told he would never be able to preach because of his "bad" lisp.^[4] Shortly after his father's death from kidney failure, Jakes decided to go into ministry.^[2] In 1979, with very little funds of his own and with only ten initial members, he founded Greater Emmanuel Temple of Faith as a storefront church in Montgomery, West Virginia. Jakes maintained his day job digging ditches in order to support his ministry until the church was able to support him. During its first 10 years, the church grew to over 1,000 members.^[5] In 1982, Jakes turned to full-time ministry.^[2]

By 1990, his church had moved twice, first from Montgomery to the nearby community of Smithers, and from there to his hometown of South Charleston. In 1993, the church moved yet again within the Charleston area, to Cross Lanes; the building having been formerly a bank.^[6]

In 1995, when he was 38 years old, Jakes started his television ministry.^[4] In 1996, Jakes founded The Potter's House in Dallas, Texas, with about 50 families that had relocated with him from his former congregation in Cross Lanes. Jakes purchased the property, which was previously Eagle's Nest Family Church, from W. V. Grant, after Grant was sentenced to 16 months in prison for tax-related crimes.^[7] In its 12 year existence, it has grown to over 30,000 members.^{[citation needed]} Both Jakes and his Potter's House church are unrelated to the Potter's House Christian Fellowship, a Pentecostal denomination founded in Arizona in 1971.

Family and heritage[link]

When he was 24 in 1981, he married Serita Ann Jamison.^[2] They have five children together (Jermaine, Jamar, Cora, Sarah, and Thomas Jakes, Jr.) Jakes is a strong advocate of abstinence and has made appearances on the subject ranging from Good Morning America to Dr. Phil.

On the PBS program African American Lives, Jakes had his DNA analyzed; his Y chromosome showed that he is descended from the Igbo people of Nigeria.^[8][9] According to his family history, it was also suggested that he is descended from them through his grandmother.^[10][11] He is a second cousin once removed of vocalist Will Wheaton and first cousin twice removed of actor James Wheaton.

Christian ministry[link]

Jakes' sermons are broadcast nationally and internationally over television and satellite television. He has written over 30 books, many of which have been featured on the New York Times best-selling list. Jakes is also a songwriter, a playwright, and performer. He founded the Christian record label Dexterity Sounds ^[12] as well as a theater and movie production company.^[13]

Jakes' church, The Potter's House, is active in ministry and outreach both locally and internationally. The Potter's House sends drugs and alcohol counseling to the inner city, volunteers to the elderly, to prostitutes and victims of domestic violence.^[4] Jakes also has a special interest in the continent of Africa, and The Potter's House launched an initiative that brought water wells, medicine, and ministry to thousands of people in and around Nairobi in Kenya.^[13]

Jakes hosted several popular national conferences, including "Woman, Thou Art Loosed," "G Unit: ManPower," and "God's Leading Ladies." Recently, Jakes combined those into a single event called "Megafest." Jakes regularly draws capacity crowds at his conferences and ministry events.^[13]

Awards and accomplishments[link]

Jakes has received numerous honors, including 13 honorary degrees and doctorates. He has also received Grammy and Dove Award nominations for Gospel album "Live at The Potter's House." PBS Religion and Ethics Newsweekly named Jakes among America's "Top 10 Religious Leaders." Time magazine featured Jakes on the cover of its September 17, 2001 issue with the provocative question: "Is This Man the Next Billy Graham?".^[5]

Writings[link]

• Intimacy With God
• Loved by God
• Can You Stand To Be Blessed?
• Naked And Not Ashamed?
• Loose That Man And Let Him Go
• Loose That Man And Let Him Go Work Book
• Positioning Yourself To Prosper
• Reposition Yourself: Living a Life Without Limits
• He-Motions: Even Strong Men Struggle
• Help! I'm Raising My Children Alone: A Guide for Single Ladies and Those Who Sometimes Feel They Are
• Ten Commandments of Working in a Hostile Environment
• Promises From God For Single Women
• Woman, Thou Art Loosed: Healing the Wounds of the Past
• Woman, Thou Art Loosed Devotional
• The Lady, Her Lover, and Her Lord
• Maximize the Moment : God's Action Plan For Your Life
• So You Call Yourself a Man?: Finally Devotional for Ordinary Men With Extraordinary Potential
• God's Leading Lady
• His Lady
• Jesus Walks (with me)
• Lay Aside the Weight
• Daddy Loves His Girls
• The Greatest Investment
• Mama Made the Difference
• TD Jakes Speaks To Men
• Overcoming the Enemy
• Life Overflowing: Six Pillars for Abundant Living
• Not Easily Broken, 2006
• Before You Do: Making Great Decisions That You Won't Regret, Atria Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4165-4728-0
• The Memory Quilt: A Christmas Story for Our Times, 2009
• Let it go: Forgive So You Can Be Forgiven , 2012

Filmography[link]

Films[link]

• 2004: Woman Thou Art Loosed — As himself (based on Jakes' novel of the same name)^[14]
• 2009: Not Easily Broken — Allen (based on another Jakes' novel).^[15]
• 2011: Jumping the Broom — Reverend James
• 2010: Munya — Reverend Brian

Further reading[link]

"Biography". Bishop T.D. Jakes. — T.D. Jakes Web site. http://www.tdjakes.com/bishops-bio/. Retrieved 11-24-2011

References[link]

External links[link]

• www.tdjakes.com — official site
• T.D. Jakes at the Internet Movie Database